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Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Force Control for Small Celestial Body Sampling, and key words: Space vehicles, Damping, Adaptation models, Actuators, Force, Prediction algorithms, Feedback linearization. Abstract: An adaptive force control algorithm for small celestial body sampling for a variety of surface properties is developed. The control algorithm consists of an adaptive controller combined with feedback linearization. When a spacecraft makes contact with the surface, it must maintain a desired contact force in order to capture a sample. The properties of the surface are unknown or uncertain before contact with the surface is made. The adaptive controller performs system identification online to create an input-output model of the feedback linearized system. From the input-output model a block observable canonical form is realized and the control input is determined by model predictive control (MPC) to maintain a desired contact force in spite of the unknown surface properties. The approach is applied to a variety of surface properties with linear and nonlinear contact models.
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1,901
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Please write an abstract with title: Transmission system expansion planning of KEPCO system (Youngnam area) using fuzzy set theory, and key words: Fuzzy set theory, Costs, Process planning, Power system planning, Fuzzy systems, Linear programming, Uncertainty, Permission, Load forecasting, Fuzzy sets. Abstract: This study proposes a new method for transmission system expansion planning using fuzzy integer programming. It presents stepwise cost characteristics analysis which is a practical condition of actual systems. A branch and bound method which includes the network flow method and the maximum flow-minimum cut set theorem has been used in order to carry out the stepwise cost characteristics analysis. Uncertainties of the permission of the construction cost and nonstrict reserve rate and load forecasting of expansion planning can be included for long-term transmission expansion planning and is also processed using fuzzy set theory in this study. A reasonable solution can be obtained using a fuzzy branch and bound method which includes the network flow method and maximum flow-minimum cut set theorem. Case studies on the Youngnam area of KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation) system show that the algorithm proposed is efficiently applicable to the horizontal expansion planning of transmission systems in future.
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1,902
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Probability Distribution Characteristics of Simultaneous Output Power of Wind Farms, and key words: Power measurement, Simulation, Fitting, Wind farms, Wind power generation, Probabilistic logic, Probability distribution. Abstract: Considering the distribution characteristics of wind farm output power, this paper uses the measured data to study the probability distribution of wind farm at the same time every year. In order to accurately fit the probability distribution, Fourier series, polynomial function and Gaussian function are introduced to analyze the data, and the root mean square, variance and determination coefficient are used as evaluation indexes to evaluate and compare the above methods. In terms of various indicators, the third-order Fourier series can more accurately describe the probability distribution of wind farm output power. Finally, the fitting method is verified by different time data. The results show that the third-order Fourier series can accurately describe the output power of the wind farm at the same time.
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1,903
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Please write an abstract with title: Postprocessing waveform selection in broadband active sonar, and key words: Sonar, Frequency, Underwater acoustics, Acoustic signal processing, Signal to noise ratio, Acoustic scattering, Matched filters, Signal processing, Signal analysis, Fourier transforms. Abstract: We discuss a technique for estimating the impulse response for an underwater acoustic signal from active sonar returns for antisubmarine warfare. This is used to study the effects of substituting one waveform for another while reducing the need for extensive at-sea data collection. This work may also form the basis for an optimization scheme whereby waveform selection is performed at the signal processing stage to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio while minimizing nonRayleigh clutter and target splitting due to over-resolution. This method is valid in the reverberation-limited regime under the assumption that there are no strong, high Doppler scatterers (clutter and targets). Our approach uses the complex matched filter time series to deconvolve a known waveform from the combined propagation and signal processing impulse response. This is done using either an analytic expression for the signal Fourier transform or a numerical, fast Fourier transform of a digitally sampled replica. Using the extracted impulse response, we may then simulate the response of an arbitrary waveform contained within the same frequency band. To validate our method, we consider band-separated, mid-frequency hull sonar data using hyperbolic frequency modulated waveforms.
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1,904
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Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Features for Churn Prediction in Mobile Telecom Networks with Data Constraints, and key words: Social groups, Predictive models, Feature extraction, Data models, Data mining, Task analysis, Telecommunication services. Abstract: In a competitive Mobile telecommunications market, the customers want competitive pricing and high quality of service. A customer won't hesitate to change their telecom service provider if he/she does not find what they are looking for. This phenomenon is called churning. The telecom service providers often find that the cost of acquiring a new customer is much more that the cost of retaining one. Hence telecom operators are focusing their marketing strategies toward targeted customer retention campaigns and this is known as Churn management. One of the primary tasks of Churn management is to build an effective churn prediction models that can predict customers who are most likely to churn. The primary idea is to create profile of a customer using various data sources including call patterns, contractual information, billing, payment, customer service calls, demographic profiles and then predict the probability that he/she will churn based on his/her features. The apparent drawback of these approaches is that they require access to numerous other sources of information apart from Call Data Records (CDRs). More importantly, these models do not take into account any social influence. In our present work, we recognize the importance of the role played by social ties understanding the causal behavior of customers, and incorporate a novel feature of the social aspects of customers' social group along with the traditional individual customer profiles with potential practical implications. We propose hybrid feature sets that are based not only on the features extracted from CDRs but also on the changes in these feature sets combined with the changes in the social group patterns that would give improved performance over existing models with similar data constraints. Despite the data constraints, we demonstrate through our experiments that our model achieves improved prediction performance using these hybrid feature sets extracted from the CDRs as well as mobile social graphs even with our data constraints.
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1,905
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Please write an abstract with title: Design, Development, and Operation of a Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Pulsation (LIFUP) System for Clinical Use, and key words: Transducers, Ultrasonic imaging, Acoustics, Frequency control, Magnetic resonance imaging, Power supplies, Optical transmitters. Abstract: Noninvasive low-intensity focused ultrasound pulsation (LIFUP) neuromodulation provides a unique approach to both investigating and treating the brain. This work describes a well-calibrated, simple-to-use ultrasound stimulation system for neuromodulation studies. It provides a single-element 650-kHz transducer design and a straightforward control mechanism, with extensive calibration and internal electronic monitoring to prevent unwanted over or under treatment. One goal of this approach is to relieve researchers of many of the details associated with developing their own exposure equipment. A unique transducer positioning system and distinctive MRI fiducial targets simplify alignment and targeting. The system design, control software, calibration, and alignment techniques are described in detail. Examples of transducer targeting and neurostimulation using the system are provided.
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1,906
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Please write an abstract with title: CoviNet: Automated COVID-19 Detection from X-rays using Deep Learning Techniques, and key words: COVID-19, Deep learning, Pandemics, Medical services, Radiology, X-ray imaging, Viruses (medical). Abstract: The novel Coronavirus (COVID19) is an infectious epidemic declared in March 2020 as Pandemic. Because of its easy and rapid transmission, Coronavirus has caused thousands of deaths around the world. Thus, developing new systems for accurate and fast COVID19 detection is becoming crucial. X-ray imaging is used by radiology doctors for the diagnosis of coron-avirus. However, this process requires considerable time. Therefore, artificial intelligence systems can help in reducing pressure on health care systems. In this paper, we propose CoviNet a deep learning network to automatically detect COVID19 presence in chest X-ray images. The suggested architecture is based on an adaptive median filter, histogram equalization, and a convolutional neural network. It is trained end-to-end on a publicly available dataset. Our model achieved an accuracy of 98.62% for binary classification and 95.77% for multi-class classification. As the early diagnosis may limit the spread of the virus, this framework can be used to assist radiologists in the initial diagnosis of COVID19.
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1,907
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Please write an abstract with title: Digital Utilities for Sustainable Constructions at Landfills Supporting Safe Community Health Infrastructures and Humanity Protection in Risk at post COVID-19 era, and key words: COVID-19, Decision making, Tools, Cultural differences, Stakeholders, Public healthcare, Sustainable development. Abstract: The current study presents useful digital monitoring tools for environmental impact assessment, sustainable development, safe infrastructures related to sustainable tourism, heritage and cultural tourism monuments, archaeological sites, water resources sports tourism sites, ecological landscape tourism sites close to landfill sites. Useful tools are presented for stakeholders examining particular digital utilities for decision making to mitigate toxic hazardous probable landfill gas’s atmospheric pollution concentrations from landfill sites. In this paper are presented useful digital utilities as a framework of an integrated community health policy to support safe construction designs and proper monitoring schemes for public health protection and efficient economic designs. Integrated public health policy is presented within useful digital utilities applying proper management techniques for monitoring landfill emissions and decision making protecting community health and public health. Useful results are presented for sustainable construction facilities next to landfill sites that promote sustainable tourism, cultural – heritage tourism, sports tourism, ecological tourism and safety of associated community health infrastructures at post COVID-19 era within renewable resources from treated landfill emissions, green circular economy, clean technologies.
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1,908
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Please write an abstract with title: Rejection of Bluetooth interference in 802.11 WLANs, and key words: Bluetooth, Wireless LAN, Frequency, Spread spectrum communication, Adaptive filters, Interference suppression, Jamming, Lattices, Narrowband, Bandwidth. Abstract: We investigate the use of complex coefficient adaptive filters for interference suppression in the direct sequence spread spectrum IEEE 802.11b system. Extensive simulations are carried out to optimize the parameters of a recursive least-squares lattice filter, which mitigates the effect of a hopping narrowband interferer such as Bluetooth. The BER curves, as well as the probability of packet loss, are presented. Moreover, the limitations of the adaptive filter approach, in the suppression of multiple jammers, is determined. It is shown that with a low order filter, the hopping jammer can be successfully suppressed.
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1,909
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Please write an abstract with title: Resilient Event-Triggered Distributed State Estimation for Nonlinear Systems Against DoS Attacks, and key words: Denial-of-service attack, State estimation, Nonlinear systems, Switches, Monitoring, Linear systems, Estimation error. Abstract: This article investigates the resilient event-triggered (ET) distributed state estimation problem for nonlinear systems under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Different from the existing results mainly considering linear or specified nonlinear systems, more general nonlinear systems are considered in this study. Moreover, the considered DoS attacks are able to compromise different communication links among estimators independently. In this context, by resorting to the techniques of incremental homogeneity, a nonlinear ET distributed estimation scheme is designed to estimate the states and regulate the data transmission. Under this scheme, the resilient state estimation is achieved by employing a multimode switching estimator, and the problem of efficiency loss of the ET mechanism caused by DoS attacks is solved by designing a dynamic trigger threshold with switched update laws. Then, based on the decay rates of the Lyapunov function corresponding to different communication modes, sufficient conditions are given to guarantee the stability of the estimation error system under DoS attacks. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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1,910
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Please write an abstract with title: Wavelet-Based Enveloping for Spindle Health Diagnosis, and key words: Signal analysis, Wavelet analysis, Frequency, Wavelet transforms, Signal processing, Vibration measurement, Shafts, Manufacturing, Machine tools, Signal generators. Abstract: A new method for identifying structural defect-induced vibration signals was developed based on the analytic wavelet transform. The advantage of this method is that it extracts a defect-related impulse signals and sonstructs its envelope in a single step, eleminating the need for intermediate operations. Theoretical background of the analytic wavelet transform is studied. Analysis numerically simulated and experimental vibration signals have confirmed that the developed method can successfully detect the small defect-induced impulses that are buried in the main vibration and noise signals.
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1,911
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Please write an abstract with title: Identification of IoT Network Type Based on The Response Delay Property, and key words: Delays, Wireless LAN, Estimation, Internet of Things, Wireless communication, Probability density function, Distance measurement. Abstract: The large number of Internet of things (IoT) terminals increases the cost and difficulty of IoT network management such as network scan. Wireless IoT networks that have low data rate especially require low overhead for network management to avoid interruption. Hence, it is important to make an automatic identification of network type for effective network management. To successfully estimate the type of a network, in which IoT terminals are involved, this study examines the fundamental properties of the response delay of IoT terminals in scan events. We carry out indoor experiments of network scan to wireless terminals in wireless LAN (WLAN) and Low Power, Wide Area (LPWA) networks, including Wi-SUN and LoRa network. From the result of response delay obtained from the experiments, we then examine the basic property of the response delay, especially about the minimum response delay. Finally, we propose a scheme of network-type estimation based on the property of the minimum delay in different networks. The evaluation results show that the scan response delay is a useful factor for successfully identifying different types of IoT networks.
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1,912
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Please write an abstract with title: Fixed-Time Tracking Control for Flexible Joint Manipulator With Prescribed Performance Constraint, and key words: Convergence, Sliding mode control, Uncertainty, Transient analysis, Perturbation methods, Disturbance observers, Vibrations. Abstract: This paper studies the transient and steady performance constraints on flexible joint manipulator system with exogenous disturbance, and proposes a fixed-time prescribe performance tracking control method based on the singular perturbation model. For the fast subsystem, a subcontroller with superior transient performance is proposed that guarantees the suppression of flexible vibration in fixed-time. The remaining slow subsystem can be linked with rigid methods to achieve output constraints, a type of time-varying error constraint boundary is first constructed, which broadens the initial error constraint boundary of the time-varying tangent barrier Lyapunov function. Then, a slow subcontroller based on a non-singular fast-integration terminal sliding mode is constructed to make any initial tracking error converge in fixed-time. Finally, a nonlinear disturbance observer is used to counteract the exogenous disturbance. The simulation results show that the controller achieves the prescribe performance.
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1,913
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Please write an abstract with title: A robust threshold elliptic curve digital signature providing a new verifiable secret sharing scheme, and key words: Robustness, Elliptic curves, Digital signatures, Elliptic curve cryptography, Public key, Variable structure systems, Computer networks, Arithmetic, Communication system security, Error correction. Abstract: Robust threshold digital signature schemes are group signature schemes aiming to depart from the classical one person signer schemes. The term 'robust' means that such schemes can tolerate errors attempted by malicious adversary and the term 'threshold' means that given a total of n players, no coalition of players with cardinality less than or equal the threshold value can perform the signature while any coalition of players exceeding the threshold value can perform the signature correctly. The contributions in this paper are two fold. First, we propose a new verifiable secret sharing scheme (VSS) other than Feldman's (1987) and Pedersen's (1992) schemes suitable to protect elliptic curve secret keys. The proposed scheme utilizes a strong one way function provided by the elliptic curve cryptography based on a different type of group mathematics. Next, we employ the elliptic curve VSS to propose a robust threshold elliptic curve digital signature scheme that can withstand an n/2 eavesdropping, n/3 halting and an n/4 malicious adversary. The scheme is able to tolerate n/3 malicious adversary with the cost of higher complexity
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1,914
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Communication Satellite Array for Optimal Global Coverage on Mars, and key words: Satellites, Planetary orbits, Earth, Space vehicles, Mars, Satellite communication. Abstract: Human-driven planetary missions rely primarily on efficient communication within the mission base and Earth. Until now, for maintaining contact with Earth, either Martian robotic explorers, consisting of orbiter or another spacecraft, have been used. For a manned mission, reliance over one spacecraft, for communication, can be catastrophic in case of a single-point failure. Satellite constellation delivering 24-hour round the clock surveillance and communication would be the ideal scenario. Knowing the fact that the nearest medical facility is 55 million kilometers, such a satellite constellation communication array will deliver nonstop monitoring which will be paramount in the safety of the astronauts [1]. Research presented in this paper focuses on the assessment of establishing a communication satellite array in Martian orbit for optimal global coverage, along with different configuration types for such array. Results obtained demonstrated that the simplest optimal array design comprises of 6 satellites in 45° inclined 2 satellite orbits.
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1,915
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Please write an abstract with title: Enhancement of resonant Raman scattering from ZnO quantum dots, and key words: Resonance, Raman scattering, Zinc oxide, Quantum dots, Phonons, Optical materials, Temperature, Frequency, Optical scattering, Spectroscopy. Abstract: Efficient resonant Raman scattering (RRS) were observed in ZnO quantum dots (ZnO-QDs). The size dependent shift of UV-emission reveals quantum confinement governs the enhancement of RRS through modifying the phonon state density in ZnO-QDs.
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1,916
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Please write an abstract with title: A Deep Framework for Eddy Detection and Tracking From Satellite Sea Surface Height Data, and key words: Deep learning, Feature extraction, Radar tracking, Semantics, Sea surface, Tracking. Abstract: Ocean eddies, as a ubiquitous phenomenon of the global ocean, are extremely important for ocean energy and material exchanges. Therefore, efficient eddy detection and tracking are crucial for advancing our understanding of ocean dynamics. This work presents a framework for automatic ocean eddy detection and tracking by leveraging state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. First, we propose a new convolutional neural network model for multieddies detection. This model is capable of extracting accurate boundary information of eddies and fitting the gap between semantic context and sea surface height (SSH). Second, a tracking algorithm is designed to track eddies lasting a number of days and provide visualization of the dynamical processes governing eddies’ movements. Finally, we have made our data set publicly available, which is named SCSE-Eddy and can be used as a benchmark to evaluate the performances of artificial intelligence (AI)-based eddy detection methods. The data set covers daily remotely sensed SSH data located in the South China Sea and its eastern sea areas over a period of 15 years. The experimental results show that our methods achieve promising performances compared to existing approaches, especially for the eddies with indistinct geographical border. We believe that this work opens a new avenue for oceanographers to better discover and understand the physical properties of ocean eddies.
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1,917
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Please write an abstract with title: Effects of Supraharmonics Immunity Testing on LED Lighting, and key words: Voltage fluctuations, LED lamps, Power quality, Lighting, Production, Immunity testing, IEEE Standards. Abstract: With the advent of distributed energy resources (DERs) and proliferation of single-phase consumer loads based on power electronics, the problem of voltage and current distortion due to frequencies in the range 2 to 150 kHz (also known as supraharmonics) is becoming more and more common. In order to assess the impact of such grid changes on end use load in the United States (US), a multiple year project was launched by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). This paper presents select results from this project, involving LED based lighting commonly sold in the US consumer market. Although LED lamps themselves have been shown to be sources of supraharmonics emission, the results in this paper show that under certain conditions, the presence of supraharmonics in applied voltage can lead to the production of visible flicker from such lamps. Furthermore, during testing, audible noise was also observed to be emanating from some of the lamps. The results confirm and agree with the results of similar tests conducted in Europe. In contrast to previous studies however, a light flickermeter specified in IEC 61457 was used in these tests so that the results could be quantified in a format familiar to most Power Quality engineers. In addition to informing knowledge of supraharmonics emission at the utility level, the results shown in this paper are intended to guide and inform active discussion on the subject of supraharmonics and flicker in IEEE standards committees, where two active PARs on these subjects are currently under discussion and deliberation.
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1,918
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Please write an abstract with title: A-SARSA: A Predictive Container Auto-Scaling Algorithm Based on Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Reinforcement learning, Containers, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Dynamic scheduling, Resource management. Abstract: Due to the lightweight and flexible characteristics, containers have gradually been used for the application deployment and the basic unit for resource allocation in a cloud platform recently. Reinforcement learning (RL), as a classic algorithm, is widely used in virtual machine scheduling scenarios due to its advantages of adaptability and robustness. However, most RL methods have problems in container scheduling, such as untimely scheduling, lack of accuracy in decision-making and poor dynamics that will lead to a higher SLA violation rate. In order to solve the above problems, a predictive RL algorithm A-SARSA is proposed, which combines the ARIMA model and the neural network model. This algorithm not only ensures the predictability and accuracy of the scaling strategy, but also enables the scaling decisions to adapt to the changing workloads. Through a large number of experiments, the timeliness and effectiveness of the A-SARSA algorithm for container scheduling are verified, which can reduce the SLA violation rate dramatically while keeping the resource utilization rate at a good level.
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1,919
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Please write an abstract with title: Active Cyber Defense by Benevolent Worms, and key words: Maintenance engineering, Network security, Hardware, Cryptography, Grippers, Computer crime, Information technology. Abstract: Worms has been known for their negative stigma, in the realm of cyber security. To fight against knives, we need at least knives. Similarity to counteract the worms, we can use worms. Hence, the capabilities of securing a network with benevolent worms is not ignorable. A good characteristic of worms that is helpful in cyber security is worms can replicate itself over the network. Just like malicious worm can infect a network by propagation, the benevolent worms can also propagate through the network and clean the infected machines. In this paper, the beneficial uses of such worms are included, that covers process optimization by idle process tracking, mitigating security patch deficiencies, cleaning up infected network, internet censorship, monitoring, system maintenance, hardware optimization, and cryptography. The collective utility of benevolent worms makes it an ideal candidate tool for active cyber defense.
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1,920
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Please write an abstract with title: Parallel-pipelined architecture for 2-D ICT VLSI implementation, and key words: Very large scale integration, Computer architecture, CMOS technology, Discrete cosine transforms, Image processing, Image coding, Throughput, Delay, Process design, CMOS process. Abstract: The integer cosine transform (ICT) has been shown to be an alternative to the DCT for image processing. This paper presents a parallel-pipelined architecture of an 8/spl times/8 ICT(I0, 9, 6, 2, 3, 1) processor for image compression. The main characteristics of this architecture are: high throughput, low latency, reduced internal storage and 100% efficiency in all computational elements. The processor has been designed in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology with an operational frequency of 300 MHz.
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1,921
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Please write an abstract with title: Improving Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensing with neutron spectrometry, and key words: Spectroscopy, Moisture measurement, Soil measurements, Soil moisture, Moisture, Energy measurement, Forestry. Abstract: Investigating soil moisture on an intermediate scale (i.e., an area of some hectares and depth of tens of centimeters) can be achieved by measuring the flux of cosmic neutrons. This technique is called cosmic-ray neutron sensing and uses neutron counters to assess the water content in a field. Over the last year, the authors proposed an innovative neutron spectrometer to perform these measurements, which is called WEDDING-PIE (Wide Energy Detector for Direct Investigation of Neutron spectrum at Ground level for Precise moIsture Evaluation), abbreviated as W-PIE. Counters which are conventionally used can only give information on the intensity of the cosmic neutron flux, whereas a neutron spectrometer can calculate both the intensity and the neutron energy distribution. In this paper, the potential of the W-PIE for soil moisture measurements is de-scribed and the main advantages of using a neutron spectrometer over conventional neutron counters are illustrated. In conclusion, preliminary results of the measuring campaign in Parco Nord, Milan, are provided.
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1,922
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Please write an abstract with title: Using Sensors and Deep Learning to Enable On-Demand Balance Evaluation for Effective Physical Therapy, and key words: Estimation, Cameras, Sensors, Position measurement, Machine learning, Medical treatment, Force. Abstract: In traditional physical therapy, balance evaluation is performed by the physical therapist (PT) intermittently during clinic visits, which is subjective, inconvenient, and time-consuming. In this paper, we use sensors and deep learning to propose an automated balance evaluation system for home and clinical use. First, we propose a deep learning-based model to estimate the subject's Center of Mass (CoM) position using a depth camera, which outperforms other CoM estimation methods with high accuracy and ease of use. Then we propose a balance evaluation system to evaluate the subject's dynamic balance in a Gait Initiation (GI) task. The subject's CoM position is estimated by the proposed CoM estimation model and the Center of Pressure (CoP) position is measured by a Wii balance board. The CoP-CoM trajectory during the GI task is used to assess and quantify the patient's dynamic balance control. Using data collected from both healthy subjects and patients with Parkinson's Disease, the proposed balance evaluation model is able to quantify the subject's balance level which is consistent with the human PT's assessments in traditional balance evaluation tests. The proposed balance evaluation system can be used as a portable and low-cost tool for on-demand balance evaluation.
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1,923
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Please write an abstract with title: Neural dynamics based full-state tracking control of a mobile robot, and key words: Mobile robots, Intelligent robots, Neural networks, Biological control systems, Navigation, Trajectory, Robot control, Feedback control, Target tracking, Polynomials. Abstract: In this paper, a novel biologically inspired approach to real-time tracking control of a nonholonomic mobile robot is proposed. The proposed algorithm incorporates a neural dynamics model derived from a biological membrane equation with the conventional full-state tracking control technique. It is capable of generating real-time smooth and continuous velocity control signals that drive the mobile robot to follow desired trajectories. The proposed approach resolves the speed jump problem existing in some previous tracking controllers. In addition, it can track both continuous and discrete paths. The practicality and effectiveness of the proposed tracking controller were demonstrated by simulation and comparison results.
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1,924
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance of Blind Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Under Impulsive Noise, and key words: Fading channels, Deep learning, Noise cancellation, Sensors, Performance analysis, Noise measurement, Shadow mapping. Abstract: In cooperative spectrum sensing, cognitive radios share information to obtain more accurate decisions regarding the occupation state of sensed bands than the decisions made in non-cooperative approach. The performance, however, is degraded due to background noise, fading, and shadowing, for instance, as shown in many studies. On the other hand, impulsive noise (IN) is a degrading source for the performances of communication systems, even so commonly not taken into account in this scenario. Hence, this article assesses centralized cooperative spectrum sensing performance under IN. It adopts an impulsive noise cancellation method and two blind statistical tests: the well-known generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) and the recently proposed circular folding cooperative power spectral density split cancellation (CFCPSC). Results reveal that the GLRT is quite sensitive to IN, but the CFCPSC is robust, which classifies it as the better choice in this scenario.
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1,925
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Please write an abstract with title: Learning Channel Capacity with Neural Mutual Information Estimator Based on Message Importance Measure, and key words: Mutual information estimation, channel capacity, generative adversarial networks (GAN), message importance measure (MIM). Abstract: Channel capacity estimation plays a crucial role in beyond 5G intelligent communications. Despite its significance, this task is challenging for a majority of channels, especially for the complex channels not modeled as the well-known typical ones. Recently, neural networks have been used in mutual information estimation and optimization. They are particularly considered as efficient tools for learning channel capacity. In this paper, we propose a cooperative framework to simultaneously estimate channel capacity and design the optimal codebook. First, we will leverage MIM-based GAN, a novel form of generative adversarial network (GAN) using message importance measure (MIM) as the information distance, into mutual information estimation, and develop a novel method, named MIM-based mutual information estimator (MMIE). Then, we design a generalized cooperative framework for channel capacity learning, in which a generator is regarded as an encoder producing the channel input, while a discriminator is the mutual information estimator that assesses the performance of the generator. Through the adversarial training, the generator automatically learns the optimal codebook and the discriminator estimates the channel capacity. Numerical experiments will demonstrate that compared with several conventional estimators, the MMIE achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of accuracy and stability.
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1,926
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Please write an abstract with title: Measured Energy-Dependent Neutron Attenuation Through the Stacked Printed Circuit Boards, and key words: Neutrons, Attenuation, Attenuation measurement, Semiconductor device measurement, Particle beams, Error analysis, Energy measurement. Abstract: Engineers often stack printed circuit boards (PCBs), populated with semiconductor devices, one behind the other in neutron beams to improve the error statistics in radiation-effects tests. As the neutron beam traverses through the boards, the neutron flux is both attenuated and the energy spectrum changes, which may have a significant impact on the results of such tests. We have developed a technique to measure the energy-dependent neutron attenuation due to the PCBs and to determine the energy-dependent effective cross section of neutron interactions with a single PCB. With this effective cross section, engineers can calculate the change in the neutron energy spectrum and the total neutron attenuation after any number of identical PCBs in the stack. This information will allow test engineers to partially correct inaccuracies in soft error tests.
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1,927
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Please write an abstract with title: Dark acoustic oscillations: imprints on the matter power spectrum and the halo mass function, and key words: cosmology: dark matter, cosmology: large-scale structure of Universe. Abstract: Many non-minimal dark matter scenarios lead to oscillatory features in the matter power spectrum induced by interactions either within the dark sector or with particles from the standard model. Observing such dark acoustic oscillations would therefore be a major step towards understanding dark matter. We investigate what happens to oscillatory features during the process of non-linear structure formation. We show that at the level of the power spectrum, oscillations are smoothed out by non-linear mode coupling, gradually disappearing towards lower redshifts. In the halo mass function, however, the oscillatory features remain visible until the present epoch. As a consequence, dark acoustic oscillations could be detectable in observations that are either based on the halo mass function or on the high-redshift power spectrum. We investigate the effect of such features on different observables, namely the cluster mass function, the stellar-to-halo mass relation, and the Lyman α flux power spectrum. We find that oscillatory features remain visible in all of these observables, but they are very extended and of low amplitude, making it challenging to detect them as distinct features in the data.
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1,928
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Please write an abstract with title: Creating A New Supply Chain with Blockchain, and key words: Philosophical considerations, Supply chains, Finance, Soil, Blockchains, Information and communication technology, Reliability. Abstract: Blockchain technology has brought different perspectives to industrial developments and methods. Blockchain technology is being widely used in finance, commerce, and similar fields. this technology has the potential to bring remarkable advantages in today's supply chain operations. Food supply plays a critical role in this period when confidence in the product is declining. In addition, the balance of nature is disturbed by practices that threaten soil health. With blockchain technology, the supply chain can be monitored, it can improve soil health by creating an economy that is both cost-effective and time-efficient, and it can benefit social health by improving food health. A B2C marketing platform is suggested to create transparent supply chain processes.
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1,929
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Please write an abstract with title: CIG based Stress Identification Method for Maize Crop using UAV based Remote Sensing, and key words: Irrigation, Crops, Cameras, Throughput, Performance analysis, Indexes, Synthetic aperture sonar. Abstract: The health and yield of crops depend on the use of water, nutrients, and fertilizers. Due to climatic changes and reduction in rainfall, farmers are relying on groundwater for irrigation, which should be used optimally. The use of water and other agronomic inputs can be optimized by monitoring the health of crops and soil. Usually, it is done by manual observation, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this paper, we propose Chlorophyll Index Green (CIG) vegetative index-based method for monitoring the crop health using near-infrared, green, and red band images acquired using a multispectral camera mounted on Unmanned Ariel Vehicle (UAV). The proposed method clearly classifies the water-stressed area of the field and helps in optimizing the irrigation process and monitoring the crop-health.
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1,930
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Please write an abstract with title: Neighborhood coherence and edge based approaches to film scene extraction, and key words: Layout, Motion pictures, Gunshot detection systems, Image edge detection, Shape, Coherence, Guidelines, Cameras, Object detection, Motion detection. Abstract: In order to enable high-level semantics-based video annotation and interpretation, we tackle the problem of automatic decomposition of motion pictures into meaningful story units, namely scenes. Since a scene is a complicated and subjective concept, we first propose guidelines from film production to determine when a scene change occurs in film. We examine different rules and conventions followed as part of film grammar to guide and shape our algorithmic solution for determining a scene boundary. Two different techniques are proposed as new solutions in this paper. Our experimental results on 10 full-length movies show that our technique based on shot sequence coherence performs well and reasonably better than the color edges-based approach.
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1,931
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Please write an abstract with title: A Lightweight Fully Convolutional Network for Cardiac MRI Segmentation, and key words: Convolution, Image segmentation, Magnetic resonance imaging, Heart, Biomedical imaging, Computer vision, Pattern recognition. Abstract: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is a commonly used method to assess the function and structure of the cardiovascular system. Separating the heart structure from Cardiac MRI is an important step in calculating the cardiac function index. The automatic segmentation algorithm can significantly reduce the workload of the doctor. Most of the current automatic segmentation algorithm has a large calculation amount and size, has high requirements on the hardware. Based on the U-Net model, this paper proposes a lightweight full convolution model with separable convolution and residual connection. Experiments show that the model reduces the number of parameters while ensuring learning ability and balances speed and accuracy.
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1,932
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Please write an abstract with title: High thermal conductivity composites for laser diode applications, and key words: Thermal conductivity, Diode lasers, Temperature, Conducting materials, Heat sinks, Performance evaluation, Thermal management, Optical materials, Gallium arsenide, Pump lasers. Abstract: Currently used laser diodes suffer from poor thermal management. Typically, Cu-W is used as a submount material. It offers a good CTE match with GaAs but its thermal conductivity is very limited (160 W/mK). Two approaches to improving the thermal performance of laser diodes were developed: i) the use of diamond-aluminum composites ii) the use of hybrid C-C/graphite foam composites A novel process was developed to address the interfacial problems in diamond composites. As a result isotropic diamond/Al composites exhibiting 600 W/mK were developed. Carbon-carbon composites offer good thermal performance but suffer from high anisotropy. In order to alleviate this problem hybrid 1-D C-C/graphite foam composites were developed. Graphite foam offers a good spreading angle while the 1-D C-C composite offers very good conduction towards the heat sink.
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1,933
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Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication of strong re-writable long-period fiber gratings with a CO/sub 2/ laser, and key words: Optical device fabrication, Fiber gratings, Fiber lasers, Optical fibers, Optical fiber sensors, Glass, Writing, Thermal stresses, Power lasers, Laser theory. Abstract: We show that the sensitivity of boron-doped fibers to CO/sub 2/ radiation can be enhanced by a uniform pre-exposure. Resulting gratings could be erased with a similar uniform exposure and recorded again with no loss of fiber sensitivity.
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1,934
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Please write an abstract with title: Framework for multirate transmission in orthogonal code hopping multiplexing, and key words: OFDM, Downlink, Scheduling, Probability, Multiaccess communication, Moon, Physical layer, Time division multiplexing, Delay, Degradation. Abstract: Bursty and various rate packet-based traffic has gradually increased and it can be dominant in the future wireless communications. To accommodate the packet-based traffic efficiently, we introduce our previously proposed orthogonal code hopping multiplexing (OCHM) [S. Park and D.K. Sung, Dec 2002] as a statistical multiplexing scheme for orthogonal downlink, and propose a hybrid multirate scheme for supporting variable rate transmission in OCHM by analyzing the symbol collision probability and self-interference.
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1,935
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Please write an abstract with title: Nb/Al/Nb junctions with a wide range of characteristic voltages for superconducting electronic applications, and key words: Niobium, Voltage, Josephson junctions, Superconducting devices, Superconducting films, Superconducting logic circuits, Fabrication, Electrodes, Critical current density, Superconducting epitaxial layers. Abstract: Josephson devices for superconducting electronic applications, such as RSFQ logic circuits and programmable voltage standards, require nonhysteretic junctions with a high speed or a high voltage resolution and hence with characteristic voltages spanning over several orders of magnitude. We present here our recent results on Nb/Al/Nb junctions where, by changing some fabrication parameters such as the thickness and deposition rate of the Al barrier, it is possible to obtain junctions with very different electrical properties. These junctions have characteristic voltages varying from a few tens of /spl mu/V up to more than 1 mV, with critical current densities from 10/sup 3/ up to 10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/.
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1,936
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Please write an abstract with title: The design and implementation of Matlab-based nonlinear data fitting for infrared sensors, and key words: Electrical engineering, Microcontrollers, Industrial control, Design methodology, Fitting, Transfer functions, Infrared sensors. Abstract: Infrared range measurement has important applications in industrial robotics and automation, but the accuracy needs to be improved in the traditional design scheme. Therefore, in this design, the function methods such as polynomial least squares fitting and nonlinear least squares fitting are written based on Matlab platform to solve the transfer function of the experimentally measured data, and the data conversion and processing in the microcontroller improves the measurement accuracy of the system.
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1,937
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Please write an abstract with title: Realization of 20 GHz directly modulated 1.55 /spl mu/m DFB lasers using partially strain compensated quantum wells structures, and key words: Quantum well lasers, Capacitive sensors, Tensile strain, Photoluminescence, Temperature, Bandwidth, Holography, Indium phosphide, Laser radar, Optical materials. Abstract: We have realized and compared fully strained and partially strain compensated GaInAsP/InP based QW structures for the fabrication of directly modulated 1.55 mum DFB lasers. Active region containing up to 10 quantum wells were achieved and characterized using High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction (HR-XRD) and photoluminescence mapping at room temperature. DFB lasers containing 6, 8 and 10 QWs were fabricated. Bandwidth up to 20 GHz was obtained at 150 mA operation
|
1,938
|
Please write an abstract with title: Tracking Differentiator-Based Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control for Stochastic Nonlinear Systems, and key words: Actuators, Nonlinear systems, Stochastic processes, Additives, Adaptive control. Abstract: By incorporating a tracking differentiator (TD) design into the traditional adaptive backstepping technique, a novel adaptive fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme is proposed for a family of stochastic nonlinear systems in the presence of multiplicative, additive and stuck actuator faults in this paper. It is shown that under the constructed controller, the boundedness of the closed-loop signals in probability is ensured, and the convergence of the system output to the desired tracking signal is achieved well, whereas the problem of ”explosion of term” is also compensated. In the end, two simulation examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FTC scheme.
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1,939
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Please write an abstract with title: Acoustic immunosensor for real-time sensing of neurotransmitter GABA, and key words: Neurotransmitters, Resonant frequency, Acoustic measurements, Central nervous system, Gold, Electrodes, In vitro, Delay, Electric resistance, Viscosity. Abstract: An immunosensing method is described for the measurement of /spl gamma/-amino-4-butyric acid (GABA), one of two inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Monoclonal antibody for GABA was immobilized on the gold electrodes of quartz crystal. Binding of GABA produced a decrease in the resonant frequency of quartz crystal. In in-vitro experiments, the sensor demonstrated a sensitivity of 600Hz decrease in resonant frequency in response to 49 mM change in GABA concentration. The response time was less than 10 seconds. The binding sites of immobilized antibody were successfully regenerated by repeated washing with ImM HCl solution. A significant increase in the resistance of the electrical model of the quartz crystal indicated an increase in the viscosity due to the binding of GABA to the anti-body. An acoustic immunosensor sensitive and specific to GABA was demonstrated. Real-time sensing of GABA will enable greater insights into several neuropathologies like epilepsy, Parkinson's disease etc. where the role of GABA is critical.
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1,940
|
Please write an abstract with title: Research on Topology and Control Method of Transformer-Free Dual-Frequency Grid-Connected Inverter, and key words: Inverters, Switches, Topology, Leakage currents, Switching frequency, Reactive power, Hybrid power systems. Abstract: In order to suppress leakage current and improve the efficiency of the transformer-free grid-connected inverter, a novel topology and control method is proposed. The proposed inverter consists of a power inverter unit and an auxiliary converter unit, and the two units are connected by a capacitor on the dc side. The power inverter unit transmits power to the grid at a low switching frequency for reducing power losses. The auxiliary converter unit operates at a high switching frequency, and adopts a feedforward control method to eliminate the grid current switching ripples. The voltage of parasitic capacitance between the photovoltaic array and the ground is stabilized by the auxiliary converter unit with the bipolar modulation scheme, so the leakage current can be suppressed more effectively. A 1-kW prototype was built and tested, and the experimental results are finally presented to show the performance of the proposed inverter.
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1,941
|
Please write an abstract with title: LanePainter: Lane Marks Enhancement via Generative Adversarial Network, and key words: Lane detection, Roads, Maintenance engineering, Benchmark testing, Generative adversarial networks, Classification algorithms, Safety. Abstract: For safety purposes, understanding the quality of the lane marks is essential for advanced driving technologies and pavement road maintenance. In practice, the performance of existing lane detection algorithms [1]–[3] struggles with lane marks in poor conditions, especially in rural areas where the lane marks are less maintained. However, enhancing the quality of lane marks is still not thoroughly studied. In this research, we collected a new public dataset to benchmark the performance of lane detection algorithms on various lane marks conditions from different rural areas in the U.S. Also, this paper proposed LanePainter, a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) based model, which simultaneously enhances and assesses lane marks quality in street view images. To increase the detectability of lane marks, LanePainter enhances degraded lane marks of street view images directly on image pixels without affecting the high-quality lane marks. Our experiments demonstrated a substantial increase in the performance of current lane detection algorithms on low-quality lane marks after enhancing the images using our proposed LanePainter algorithm. Also, pavement maintenance can take benefit from our classification assessment method to quickly and accurately locate the regions with low-quality lane marks.
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1,942
|
Please write an abstract with title: Design Considerations for 2-D Dirac-Source FETs—Part II: Nonidealities and Benchmarking, and key words: Graphene, Scattering, Photonic band gap, Phonons, Benchmark testing, Logic gates, Performance evaluation. Abstract: In Part I of this article, we discussed the basic operation of 2-D Dirac-source field-effect transistors (DS-FETs) and studied the impact of key device parameters on the device performance. In this article, we continue to study the impact of nonidealities on the performance of DS-FETs, such as graphene disorder and rethermalization, as well as ways to mitigate them. In addition, we study the performance improvement by introducing a bandgap in the graphene source. Finally, we benchmark the performance of DS-FETs for different channel materials, providing a guide for the proper choice of material for 2-D DS-FETs.
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1,943
|
Please write an abstract with title: The Euratom-LCT coil, and key words: Superconducting coils, Conductors, Testing, Superconducting magnets, Conducting materials, Contracts, History, Fusion reactor design, Steel, Test facilities. Abstract: A review of the design, construction, and operation of the EURATOM LCT coil as a contribution to the International Energy Agency (IEA) experiment, "The Large Coil Task," is presented. The test results obtained in the TOSKA facility at the Nuclear Research Center, Karlsruhe and in the International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test Facility (IFSMTF) at Oak Ridge are summarized.
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1,944
|
Please write an abstract with title: A flash compression layer for SmartMedia card systems, and key words: Flash memory, Computer science, Data compression, Bandwidth, Virtual prototyping, Delay, Educational technology, Computer science education, Educational programs, Engineering management. Abstract: Flash memory based SmartMedia card is becoming increasingly popular as data storage for mobile consumer electronics. Since flash memory is an order of magnitude more expensive than magnetic disks, data compression can be effectively used in managing flash memory based storage systems. However, compressed data management in flash memory is challenging because it only supports page-based I/Os. For example, when the size of compressed data is smaller than the page size, internal fragmentation occurs and this degrades the effectiveness of compression seriously. In this paper, we developed a flash compression layer (FCL) for the SmartMedia card systems. FCL stores several small compressed pages into one physical page by using a write buffer. Based on prototype implementation and simulation studies, we show that the proposed system offers the storage of flash memory more than 140% of its original size and expands the write bandwidth significantly.
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1,945
|
Please write an abstract with title: Building Undirected Influence Ontologies Using Pairwise Similarity Functions, and key words: Plagiarism, Software algorithms, Clustering algorithms, Ontologies, Knowledge discovery, Skeleton, Software. Abstract: The recovery of influence ontology structures is a useful tool within knowledge discovery, allowing for an easy and intuitive method of graphically representing the influences between concepts or variables within a system. The focus of this research is to develop a method by which undirected influence structures, here in the form of undirected Bayesian network skeletons, can be recovered from observations by means of some pairwise similarity function, either a statistical measure of correlation or some problem-specific measure. In this research, we present two algorithms to construct undirected influence structures from observations. The first makes use of a threshold value to filter out relations denoting weak influence, and the second constructs a maximum weighted spanning tree over the complete set of relations. In addition, we present a modification to the minimum graph edit distance (GED) [1], which we refer to as the modified scaled GED, in order to evaluate the performance of these algorithms in reconstructing known structures. We perform a number of experiments in reconstructing known Bayesian network structures, including a real-world medical network [2]. Our analysis shows that these algorithms outperform a random reconstruction (modified scaled GED ≈ 0.5), and can regularly achieve modified scaled GED scores better than 0.3 in sparse cases and 0.45 in dense cases. We argue that, while these methods cannot replace traditional Bayesian network structure-learning techniques, they are useful as computationally cheap data exploration tools and in knowledge discovery over structures which cannot be modelled as Bayesian networks.
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1,946
|
Please write an abstract with title: Underwater Robot Localization Using Magnetic Induction: Noise Modeling and Hardware Validation, and key words: Antenna measurements, Location awareness, Voltage measurement, Sea measurements, Receiving antennas, Particle measurements, Mathematical model. Abstract: Localization is a fundamental task in many swarm robotic applications, such as foraging and exploration. Magnetic induction communications, which rely on the magnetic component of an antenna's near-field, have gathered interest as means to perform localization in underground and underwater environments. MI signals propagate through lossy environments better than traditional RF signals, and can offer advantages over acoustics. In prior work, we developed a localization method based on MI signals to calculate the range between two moving MI antennas. A core aspect of the method is a particle filter that relies on the received signal strength and speed of the antennas to produce location estimates. In this paper, we first empirically find the amount of noise present in our signal strength measurements in underwater environments. Then we propose a model to capture the impact of the noise on the range calculations and apply it to improve the particle filter's location estimations.
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1,947
|
Please write an abstract with title: Research on FOD Monitoring Radar Imaging Based on Arc Synthetic Aperture System, and key words: Analytical models, Imaging, Radar imaging, Apertures, Data models, Trajectory, Monitoring. Abstract: To meet the urgent need for FOD monitoring measures, the imaging technology based on arc synthetic aperture (ArcSAR) is researched, the geometrical model and signal model of ArcSAR are built, and the method described in this paper is demonstrated effective through simulation analysis and measured data.
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1,948
|
Please write an abstract with title: Research of energy saving control System of Mine belt conveyors, and key words: Energy consumption, Smart cities, Simulation, Velocity control, Transportation, Coal, Belts. Abstract: In order to overcome the problems of low efficiency and high energy consumption of traditional belt conveyor control system, a new energy saving control method of belt conveyor based on fuzzy algorithm is proposed. This method analyzes the composition and structure of the control system for belt conveyor, selects frequency control method to reducing energy consumption, at the same time, matches belt conveyor speed and transportation capacity. On the basis of the above, through the formula of speed of induction motor, combined with fuzzy algorithm, energy saving control System of mine belt conveyors is completed. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively match speed and transportation capacity of the belt conveyor and reduce speed of the belt conveyor and energy consumption. The maximum economize energy is thirty percent. The practical application shows that this method has a certain effect of energy saving.
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1,949
|
Please write an abstract with title: A HAL for component-based embedded operating systems, and key words: Operating systems, Earth Observing System, Hardware, Standards development, System-on-a-chip, Programming, Embedded system, Embedded software, Application software, Encapsulation. Abstract: Many standards for operating system interfaces or on-chip bus interfaces have been developed. Component-based EOS projects are seeking approaches to adapt component based software development technologies to embedded systems. An important issue is to develop hardware independent software that meets differing requirements pertinent to embedded applications. The hardware abstraction layer (HAL) presented here is to serve this purpose. In JBEOS, a component based EOS developed at Peking Univ. The following aspects are stressed: abstraction of basic data types, including their in-memory representation and operations; encapsulation of H/W dependent features into clear interfaces for kernel and user applications; H/W peculiarities should be encapsulated but not masked, i.e., HAL should provide mechanisms to access H/W directly when desired; minimized ROM and RAM footprints; supports for EOS above with no bias to any specific design and/or implementation; minimum efforts required when porting to a new platform.
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1,950
|
Please write an abstract with title: Mouth Gesture Classification using Computational Intelligence, and key words: Support vector machines, Deep learning, Visualization, Tongue, Computational modeling, Mouth, Lighting. Abstract: Computational intelligence works as a recent advancement in many fields of classifications and predictions. The mouth detection approach classifies images based on the value of simple visual attributes and has been shown to be reliable under a variety of lighting situations. The method uses a cataract of enhanced classifiers with simple Haar-wavelet-like features on various sizes and positions. Mouth images are recognised using the Haar-cascaded technique, HOG features are extracted from the detected regions, modelled with Support Vector Machine, and LSTM classified into mouth shut, mouth open, tongue left, and tongue right in the suggested work. According to the findings, HOG characteristics combined with SVM and LSTM accurately locate the mouth regions. The models are compared to see how well they perform. SVM and LSTM gives the best results, with a 88 percent accuracy rate.
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1,951
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Please write an abstract with title: When mmWave High-Speed Railway Networks Meet Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Method, and key words: Logic gates, Rail transportation, Array signal processing, Reinforcement learning, Hardware, Resilience, Real-time systems. Abstract: Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is an efficient and promising way to enhance millimeter-wave (mmWave) high-speed railway (HSR) network resilience. However, due to the harsh nature of HSR environment and the unpredictable hardware damage of RIS, it is challenging to perceive accurate and complete channel state information (CSI). To tackle the challenge, this letter proposes a novel deep reinforcement learning framework to design the base station (BS) transmission beamforming and RIS phase shifts for the RIS aided mmWave HSR networks, which combines long short-term memory (LSTM) and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), termed as LSTM-DDPG. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed LSTM-DDPG scheme outperforms the benchmark schemes in terms of spectral efficiency with comparatively low execution time, which makes real-time decision-making truly viable in the dynamic HSR network.
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1,952
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Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Island Heightmap Generation, and key words: Training, Image quality, Analytical models, Shape, Neural networks, Moisture, Machine learning. Abstract: Traditional approaches to terrain heightmap generation rely on geometric methods to generate a matrix of elevation values using noise functions. More advanced approaches attempt to model the natural processes that shape landmasses in the real world, such as wind, moisture, and rainfall. This survey leverages recent advancements in image generation using generative machine learning models in order to evaluate their effectiveness in this problem space. A variational autoencoder (VAE), generative adversarial network (GAN), and PixelCNN network are trained on real-world island heightmap data and produce realistic island terrain. The author compares the results in terms of image quality and “closeness” to the original real images, and evaluates the trade-off between quality and training/generation speed.
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1,953
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Please write an abstract with title: Ultra Super Fast Authentication Protocol for Electric Vehicle Charging Using Extended Chaotic Maps, and key words: Protocols, Authentication, Vehicle-to-grid, Chaotic communication, Electric vehicle charging, Chebyshev approximation, Costs. Abstract: Due to the explosive increase of electric vehicles (EVs) and universal charging stations (CS), achieving fast authentication is an important topic in the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) network at present. Fast authentication cannot only forcefully defend potential adversaries but also can greatly speed up the charging process between EVs and CSs. Although many researchers have realized this problem and proposed some lightweight cryptographic protocols for fast EV charging, desired security features are not entirely satisfied, such as man-in-the-middle attacks, replay attacks, and impersonation attacks. In this article, we propose an ultra super fast authentication protocol for EV charging by utilizing the characteristics of extended chaotic maps. Furthermore, in view of the unsolved security issues mentioned previously, our proposed protocol can provide elaborate solutions to eliminate these possible attacks in a provable manner. Finally, compared with the relevant authentication protocols for V2G network, the communication and computation costs of our protocol are decreased a lot.
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1,954
|
Please write an abstract with title: Exact Nonlinear Micromodeling for Fine-Grained Parallel EMT Simulation of MTDC Grid Interaction With Wind Farm, and key words: Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Multilevel converters, Computational modeling, Graphics processing units, Wind farms, Tools, Switching circuits. Abstract: Detailed high-order models of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and the diode are rarely included in power converters for large-scale system-level electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation on the CPU, due to the nonlinear characteristics albeit they are more accurate. The massively parallel architecture of the graphics processing unit (GPU) enables a lower computational burden by avoiding the computation of complex devices repetitively in a sequential manner and thus is utilized in this paper to simulate the wind farm-integrated multiterminal dc (MTdc) grid based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC). Fine-grained circuit partitioning is proposed so that the nonlinear switching elements are physically separated with the smallest circuit unit. By implementing these subsystems with the same attributes as a GPU program and computing it in a massively parallel manner, it is demonstrated that the GPU is able to achieve a significant speedup over multicore CPUs and its computation time incremental is much smaller when the MMC-level scales up. The improved insight and accuracy of the proposed modeling methodology and the designed GPU program are validated at the system-and device-level by off-line commercial simulation tools.
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1,955
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Please write an abstract with title: Cavity cooling of a single atom, and key words: Cooling, Atomic beams, Atom optics, Probes, Spontaneous emission, Laser excitation, Electrodynamics, Atom lasers, Optical coupling, Optical polarization. Abstract: We observe cavity cooling of a single Rb atom trapped in an intracavity dipole trap. The cavity cooling process avoids atomic excitation and is used to extend the storage time of a single atom
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1,956
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Please write an abstract with title: A receiver-forwarding decision scheme based on Bayesian for NDN-VANET, and key words: Vehicular ad hoc networks, Bayes methods, Network topology, Storms, Routing, Vehicle dynamics, Machine learning algorithms. Abstract: Named Data Network (NDN) has caused wide concerns in VANET community because NDN uses a content-centric mechanism that naming content rather than the host. However, integrating NDN into VANET (NDN-VANET) also faces several challenges including consumer/provider mobile, broadcast storm problem and so on. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian-based Receiver Forwarding Decision (BRFD) scheme to mitigate the broadcast storm problem incurred by interest packets in NDN-VANET. In the BRFD, vehicles received an interest packet are required to make forwarding decisions based on Bayesian decision theory according to current network conditions obtained by neighbor interaction. However, the receiver-forwarding decision in BRFD can also cause a conflict issue because multiple vehicles forward copies of the same packet at the same time. So a back-off mechanism is introduced in BRFD. Experimental results show that the BRFD algorithm has better performance in several aspects in contrast to probability-based forwarding scheme and "bread crumb" routing.
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1,957
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Please write an abstract with title: Robust Exponential Synchronization of Inertial Memristor-based Recurrent Neural Networks with Time-varying Delays on Impulsive Effects, and key words: Synchronization, Recurrent neural networks, Delays, Memristors, Circuit stability, Numerical stability. Abstract: This paper proposes a robust exponential synchronization of inertial memristor-based recurrent neural networks with time-varying delays on impulsive effects. By Using a variable transmission, the original second-order system can be transformed into first-order differential system. Impulse is considered when modeling uncertain inertial memristive recurrent neural networks simultaneously. By constructing Lyapunov functional and designing feedback controllers, several sufficient conditions are derived respectively for the synchronization of the drive-response systems. Finally, simulation results confirm the effectiveness of these obtained theoretical results.
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1,958
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Please write an abstract with title: Expansive networks: Exploiting spectrum sharing for capacity boost and 6G vision, and key words: 6G mobile communication, 5G mobile communication, Scalability, Distributed ledger, Cloud computing, Adaptive systems, Virtualization. Abstract: Adaptive capacity with cost-efficient resource provisioning is a crucial capability for future 6G networks. In this work, we conceptualize "expansive networks" which refers to a networking paradigm where networks should be able to extend their resource base by opportunistic but self-controlled expansive actions. To this end, we elaborate on a key aspect of an expansive network as a concrete example: Spectrum resource at the PHY layer. Evidently, future wireless networks need to provide efficient mechanisms to coexist in the licensed and unlicensed bands and operate in expansive mode. In this work, we first describe spectrum sharing issues and possibilities in 6G networks for expansive networks. We then present security implications of expansive networks, an important concern due to more open and coupled systems in expansive networks. We also discuss two key enablers, namely distributed ledger technology (DLT) and network intelligence via machine learning, which are promising to realize expansive networks for the spectrum sharing aspect.
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1,959
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Please write an abstract with title: Additive Manufactured Dielectrics for Aerospace Electrical Insulation Applications, and key words: Partial discharges, Temperature measurement, Insulation, Temperature distribution, Additives, Laser sintering, Dielectrics. Abstract: This paper investigates if there are inherent limitations with Additive Manufactured (AM) materials to preclude their use in electrical insulation applications, and if any anisotropic behavior exists with respect to print orientation. Two different AM processes, stereolithography (SLA) and selective laser sintering (SLS), were utilized to produce dielectric samples. Conductivity, Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy, bulk partial discharge, and dielectric breakdown tests were performed on samples printed in different orientations. Dielectric characterization was performed over a wide range of frequencies (DC to 1 MHz) and temperatures (-60C to +200C; material permitting). To help address the lack of meaningful electrical information in AM materials, this paper proposes a methodology for evaluation and dielectric quantification of basically "unknown" materials. Generally, the materials studied exhibited acceptable dielectric behavior but no clear advantages other than enabling complex multifunction designs (dielectric, structural and thermal). Dielectric strengths exceeding 30 kV/mm for a 1.0 mm thickness were exhibited in both SLA and SLS samples, with strength scaling laws explored over a range of thicknesses from 300 µm to 5.0 mm. For differing print orientations (XY-plane, YZ-pane, 30-degree inclined XY-plane) no discernible anisotropic dielectric behavior was observed. Motivations for the use of AM produced dielectrics in a civil aerospace context is also treated.
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1,960
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Please write an abstract with title: Power-Quality Configurable Hardware Design for AV1 Directional Intraframe Prediction, and key words: Encoding, Hardware, Streaming media, Image coding, Video coding, Predictive models, Filtering algorithms. Abstract: This article introduces a configurable intraframe prediction architecture for the video coding format AV1 that trades off power and quality.
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1,961
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Please write an abstract with title: The Value Derivation Mechanism of Urban Comprehensive Energy Data and the Construction of Energy Consumption Prediction Model, and key words: Energy consumption, Analytical models, Machine learning algorithms, Computational modeling, Neural networks, Machine learning, Predictive models. Abstract: In view of the demand for urban comprehensive energy big data value mining services, it is proposed to use key technologies such as multi-source high-dimensional heterogeneous processing, multi-class energy data fusion prediction based on long-term and short-term neural networks, multi-feature fusion algorithm based on machine learning, and energy data value network model to analyze the typical application scenarios of urban comprehensive energy, conduct in-depth value mining of energy data, and construct the value derivation mechanism of urban comprehensive energy and the energy consumption prediction model of urban comprehensive energy. Provide a theoretical basis for the demonstration construction of urban comprehensive energy intelligent IoT control and application.
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1,962
|
Please write an abstract with title: Diffuse electrical injury-a study of 136 subjects, and key words: Injuries, Contacts, Cells (biology), Electric shock, Thermal resistance, Medical diagnostic imaging, Thermal engineering, Fingerprint recognition, Low voltage, Tissue damage. Abstract: Some electrical injuries defy explanation by the theories of thermal damage or electroporation. In rare electrical contacts, symptomatology arises that is remote to the theoretical current pathway and is often disproportionate to the parameters of electrical contact. The rarity with which this type of diffuse electrical injury (DEI) occurs often leads to diagnoses that the symptoms are of a nonorganic nature. An on-going Web-based interactive survey is being used to locate and query individuals suffering from rarely occurring responses to electrical contact. The research results indicate that there is a symptomatology fingerprint associated with the class of electrical shock injury studied.
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1,963
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Please write an abstract with title: Frequency and Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna using Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure, and key words: Wireless communication, Transmitting antennas, Metamaterials, Ultra wideband antennas, Wideband, Periodic structures, Antenna radiation patterns. Abstract: This paper presents the use of electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure for frequency and pattern reconfigurability. The first structure is the pattern and polarization reconfigurable antenna for beam-steering configurations. The proposed antenna consists of a group of EBG structure to control the pattern reconfigurability. The second application is the use of EBG for band stop rejection where the EBG is designed to suppress and control the signal transmission to the antenna. In this concept the UWB antenna is designed and the EBG structure is used to stop the signal transmission. The EBG is designed at different sizes. The results showed that at certain EBG structure the signal transmission was prevented from propagating to the UWB antenna and no radiation occurred at that particular frequency.
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1,964
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Please write an abstract with title: Prescribed-Time Unknown Input Observers Design by Using Periodic Delayed Output With Application to Fault Estimation, and key words: Observers, Linear systems, Convergence, Control systems, Standards, Transforms, Symmetric matrices. Abstract: This article considers the design of prescribed-time unknown input observers (PTUIOs) for linear systems, i.e., observers that estimate the state of a linear system with unknown inputs at a prescribed finite time. To this end, the generalized inverse is used first to transform a form amenable for observer design. Then, PTUIOs are designed by using the periodic delayed output so that their estimation errors converge to zero at a prescribed time. Both full-order and reduced-order PTUIOs are considered. For the reduced-order observer design, an alternative approach is also adopted, based on a transformation to a generalization of the normal form. In addition, the proposed PTUIOs are applied to estimate faults. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
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1,965
|
Please write an abstract with title: Shaped time-optimal control for disk drive systems with back EMF, slew rate limits, and different acceleration and deceleration rates, and key words: Shape control, Control systems, Disk drives, Acceleration, Damping, Servomechanisms, Automatic control, Optimal control, Vibration control, Time factors. Abstract: This paper derives shaped time-optimal servomechanism (STOS) controllers for flexible structures consisting of a second-order rigid body with damping and a damped flexible mode. The approach uses input shaping to account for the damped flexible mode by altering the time-optimal velocity profile that moves the second-order rigid body with damping from rest to rest. Considering the slew rate limit constraints, the maneuver is categorized into three ranges due to their different shaped input profiles. For one of the maneuver ranges, when systems have different acceleration and deceleration capabilities, the time-optimal control for the second-order with damping rigid body portion has to be solved numerically. However, the STOS control for this maneuver range can still be derived analytically by using the curve-fit approximation of the switching time of the time-optimal control. Simulation show that the derived STOS control laws yield near time-optimal performance without unwanted residual vibration at the end of the maneuver.
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1,966
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Please write an abstract with title: Cornea Radius Calibration for Remote 3D Gaze Tracking Systems, and key words: Cornea, Three-dimensional displays, Gaze tracking, Estimation, Calibration, Cameras, Light sources. Abstract: Cornea radius estimation is a key technique for 3D gaze estimation in the single-camera 3D gaze tracking system. Traditional methods with one-camera-one-light-source systems or one-camera-two-light-source systems cannot achieve 3D gaze estimation. The 3D line-of-sight can be estimated only when the cornea radius is pre-calibrated by the user. A cornea radius calibration method based on the iris radius is proposed in this paper for 3D gaze estimation in remote one-camera-two-light-source systems. We first calibrate the iris radius based on the binocular strategy, estimate the spatial iris center using the calibrated iris radius, and then calibrate the cornea radius by a set of non-linear equations under the constraint of equivalent distances from the cornea center to the iris edge points. The calibrated cornea radius is verified by binocular optimization constraints. Simulations and physical experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The iris-based cornea radius calibration approach is novel; it can be used to obtain the cornea radius and 3D gaze using remote one-camera-one-light-source or one-camera-multi-light-source systems.
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1,967
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Please write an abstract with title: A Low-noise and Compact Very Low Frequency Sinusoidal Generator, and key words: Partial discharges, Capacitors, Power amplifiers, Rectifiers, Voltage, Switches, Transformers. Abstract: In this letter, a novel very low frequency sinusoidal (VLF-sin) generator is proposed and established based on rectification circuit and power amplifier. A sinusoidal signal with a high frequency of 10kHz and a amplitude varying between 0 and 5V is generated by the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The voltage level and power of the signal are amplified by a power amplifier and transformer. Through the rectification circuit, a low-noise high-voltage (HV) VLF-sin waveform can be generated. The voltage can be applied to partial discharge (PD) detection because there is no noise from the switching device. Finally, a simulation verification is carried out to prove the feasibility of the generator.
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1,968
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Please write an abstract with title: Yalta: a dynamic PKI and secure tuplespaces for distributed coalitions, and key words: Certification, Security. Abstract: The Yalta project has developed a scalable, reliable application platform for distributed coalitions. The key components of this infrastructure are a reliable, secure tuplespace service, an intrusion-tolerant, threshold-based certification authority, and a scalable certificate revocation and event notification service. These components combine to provide a highly transparent security infrastructure for distributed, dynamic coalition applications.
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1,969
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of C # based Host Computer in Path Tracking of Unmanned Clean Vehicle, and key words: Angular velocity, Cleaning, Computational modeling, Wheels, Mathematical model, Trajectory tracking. Abstract: This paper presents a more convenient and accurate method to verify the reliability of the path tracking control system of the unmanned cleaning vehicle. With reference to back stepping algorithm, the path curve is drawn and sampled as feature points, which is then transformed into motion parameters to control the motion of the cleaning car. According to the drawing path, the speed and angular velocity are calculated, and compared with the actual parameters and motion trajectory, the error of the relevant parameters is obtained, and then the accuracy of the path tracking control of the unmanned cleaning vehicle is verified.
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1,970
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Please write an abstract with title: High performance low power video compression techniques for future digital video solution, and key words: Video compression, Hardware, Image storage, Software performance, Codecs, Discrete cosine transforms, Dynamic voltage scaling, Timing, Memory management, Power dissipation. Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive solution for future digital video techniques with the constraints of timing, memory storage and power dissipation such that the quality of video and/or image is still maintained. Our contributions in this paper include: (i) software codec techniques such as fixed-point YUV components, factorized DCT, various DCT block sizes based on the quad tree data structure algorithm for the propose of reducing the complexity of the computations, increasing compression ratio, improving the performance, and (ii) hardware codec techniques such as compiler technique, software synthesis, and dynamic voltage scaling incorporated in the hardware design procedures. Our benchmark results show that for an intra-frame with a 352/spl times/288 image size, 3157 frames can be processed in 22.23 seconds - almost 6/spl times/ faster than the commercial MPEG2 in the Linux GCC environment in the Pentium III 866 MHz laptops. Furthermore, the power consumption is reduced by 23% due to the techniques of dynamic voltage scaling incorporated in the hardware design.
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1,971
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Please write an abstract with title: A Nondegenerate Millimeter Wave Parametric Amplifier with a Solid-State Pump Source, and key words: Solid state circuits, Frequency, Varactors, Millimeter wave measurements, Operational amplifiers, Millimeter wave technology, Bandwidth, Noise measurement, Resonance, Testing. Abstract: A state-of-the-art nondegenerate millimeter wave parametric amplifier that utilized a reliable solid-state pump source at 105 GHz has been successfully developed and tested in the 55 to 65 GHz frequency band. A gain of 14 dB with a 1 -dB bandwidth of 670 MHz has been obtained. The measured single-sideband noise factor of the paramp averaged 5.9 dB across the operating passband.
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1,972
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Please write an abstract with title: A cable-modem RF tuner, and key words: Radio frequency, Tuners, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Phase locked loops, Monolithic integrated circuits, Prototypes, Low-noise amplifiers, Channel bank filters, Surface acoustic waves, Driver circuits. Abstract: In monolithic integration of cable-modem RF tuners a double-conversion receiver architecture is used. In this paper we present a prototype design of an upconverter and a downconverter unit. The upconverter upconverts a channel from 47-862 MHz input band to around 1575 MHz intermediate frequency. The image-reject downconverter shifts the channel to 36.125 MHz (EU) or to 43.75 MHz (US). The upconverter includes a variable-gain low-noise amplifier, a double balanced mixer, a three-stage VCO bank for LO generation and a divide-by-two circuit for driving an external PLL. The downconverter includes a LNA, image-reject mixers in Hartley configuration, a 3-stage polyphase filter, an IF-amplifier and a SAW driver. For LO generation the circuit includes a 6-GHz on -chip VCO, a divide-by-four circuit quadrature LO and a divide-by-16 for feeding an external PLL. Signal reversal switching in the LO buffer can be used for the selection of LSB/USB injection. All building blocks are presented in this paper and experimental results are given from the upconverter, downconverter, and RF tuner demonstrator including SAW filters with center frequencies at 1575 MHz and 44 MHz. the circuits are fabricated in a 0.9-/spl mu/m SiGe bipolar process.
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1,973
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Please write an abstract with title: Fine-pitch wafer bumping and assembly for high density detector systems, and key words: Assembly systems, Sensor arrays, Particle tracking, Event detection, Biomedical imaging, High-resolution imaging, Spatial resolution, Radiation detectors, Temperature, Collaboration. Abstract: A number of high energy physics experiments will rely on pixilated detector arrays to track particles generated in a collision event. In addition, several medical imaging applications are using pixilated devices as the imaging elements. The pixels in these detectors are very small (50-100 /spl mu/m pitch) to provide adequate spatial resolution for particle tracking. Since the pixels and their electrical interconnections are arrayed over the entire area of the device, solder bumping is the natural choice for the integration of detector elements to readout and support electronics. The small pitch of the I/O presents new challenges to the bumping and assembly processes. The processes for fabricating bumps and assembling the detectors must have a high yield and be compatible with a high radiation, high vacuum, and low temperature operating environment to provide the necessary performance and operating lifetime. This paper presents an overview of MCNC Research & Development Institute's bumping and assembly processes and the results of our ongoing collaborations with Fermilab's BTeV and US-CMS detector groups and CERN's Medipix group for bumping and assembling pixel detector modules.
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1,974
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Please write an abstract with title: Data Center Telecommunications Cabling, and key words: Communication cables, Power cables, Standards, Data centers, Telecommunications, ISO Standards, IEC Standards. Abstract: When mainframe and minicomputer systems were the primary computing systems, data centers used proprietary cabling that was typically installed directly between equipment. Since structured cabling can be preinstalled in every cabinet and rack to support most common equipment configurations, new systems can be deployed quickly. Adoption of the standards is voluntary, but the use of standards greatly simplifies the design process, ensures compatibility with application standards, and may address unforeseen complications. Telecommunications cabling infrastructure standards are developed by several organizations. In the United States and Canada, the primary organization responsible for telecommunications cabling standards is the Telecommunications Industry Association, or TIA. The TIA develops information and communications technology standards and is accredited by the American National Standards Institute and the Canadian Standards Association to develop telecommunications standards.
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1,975
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Please write an abstract with title: Transmit Beampattern Synthesis for MIMO Radar with One-Bit DACs, and key words: MIMO radar, Focusing, MIMO communication, Linear programming, Two dimensional displays, Simulation, Radio frequency. Abstract: In this paper, the problem of transmit beampattern synthesis (i.e., transmit beamforming) in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar which deploys one-bit digital-to-analog converts (DACs) is investigated. We aim to design appropriate transmit signal sequences, which are quantized by one-bit DACs, such that the amount of transmit energy can be focused into mainlobe region as much as possible, meanwhile, the leakage power of sidelobe region is minimized. It is shown that these requirements can be simultaneously fulfilled by minimizing the integrated sidelobe to mainlobe ratio (ISMR) of transmit beampattern with discrete binary constraints. According to this concept, we utilize the alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) framework to solve the resulting nonconvex problem. Simulation results will demonstrate the effectiveness and improved performance of the proposed method.
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1,976
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Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Data Collection in IoT Networks Using Trajectory Encoded With Geometric Shapes, and key words: Sensors, Routing, Wireless sensor networks, Trajectory, Routing protocols, Data collection, Broadcasting. Abstract: The mobile edge computing (MEC) paradigm changes the role of edge devices from data producers and requesters to data consumers and processors. MEC mitigates the bandwidth limitation between the edge server and the remote cloud by directly processing the large amount of data locally generated by the network of the internet of things (IoT) at the edge. An efficient data-gathering scheme is crucial for providing quality of service (QoS) within MEC. To reduce redundant data transmission, this paper proposes a data collection scheme that only gathers the necessary data from IoT devices (like wireless sensors) along a trajectory. Instead of using and transmitting location information (which may leak the location anonymity), a virtual coordinate system called “distance vector of hops to anchors” (DV-Hop) is used. The proposed trajectory encoding algorithm uses ellipse and hyperbola constraints to encode the position of interest (POI) and the trajectory route to the POI. Sensors make routing decisions only based on the geometric constraints and the DV-Hop information, both of which are stored in their memory. Also, the proposed scheme can work in heterogeneous networks (with different radio ranges) where each sensor can calculate the average one-hop distance within the POI dynamically. The proposed DV-Hop updating algorithm enables the users to collect data in an IoT network with mobile nodes. The experiments show that in heterogeneous IoT networks, the proposed data collection scheme outperforms two other state-of-the-art topology-based routing protocols, called ring routing, and nested ring. The results also show that the proposed scheme has better latency, reliability, coverage, energy usage, and provide location privacy compared to state-of-the-art schemes.
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1,977
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Please write an abstract with title: Plant Disease Identification and its Solution using Machine Learning, and key words: Training, Food waste, Image segmentation, Image color analysis, Crops, Machine learning, Feature extraction. Abstract: In the agricultural sector, crop cultivation is crucial. At the time, ill crops are the main source of food loss, which affects output rates as a result. It has not yet been investigated how to diagnose plant illnesses at an inopportune moment. The key problem is to minimize the use of pesticides in the agricultural area while enhancing both the quantity and the quality of output. Our article investigates the prediction of leaf at an unfavorable time, sickness manifests itself. To estimate the contaminated region of the leaves, we present an improved k-mean clustering approach A segmentation model based on color is used to segment the polluted zone and allocate it to the appropriate groups. When it comes to temporal complexity and the size of the diseased area, experimental evaluations were performed on sample photos. Image processing It's possible to implement it to diagnose plant illnesses.Image capture, picture the disease detection method includes steps such as preprocessing, the procedure includes processes such as image segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Our initiative aims to identify plant illnesses and give remedies to help people recover from them. It represents the proportion of the leaf that is impacted.
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1,978
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Please write an abstract with title: SAR Imaging Features of Non-Gaussian Height Sea Surface, and key words: Sea surface, Surface waves, Simulation, Imaging, Surface roughness, Radar polarimetry, Probability distribution. Abstract: In this paper, we present the statistical characteristics of Non-Gaussian sea surfaces, and find suitable statistical indicators to distinguish the rough surfaces generated by different parameters. Firstly, according to the sea surface height and wave spectrum, the rough sea surface is modeled. Then the non-Gaussian rough sea surface is constructed by using the SAR geometry. Finally, the roughness index is generated according to the SAR imaging results. The method can allow more degrees of freedom when generating a non-Gaussian rough sea surface, rather than just specifying the difference of skewness and kurtosis. Results analysis verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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1,979
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Please write an abstract with title: Video distance measurement based on focus, and key words: Lenses, Cameras, Interpolation, Position measurement, Calibration, Optical filters, Optical variables measurement. Abstract: In monovision field- distance determination with a single camera or video- the methods for determining distances are varied and we can divide them as follows: a) based on focusfixing the lens in the position corresponding to the maximum sharpness of the acquired image (DFF- depth-from focusing); b) based on the blur / defocus of the lenses - (DFD - depth-from defocusing); c) combined methods. The DFF method scans the “scene” by taking sequences of images with various lens settings and tries to find the best focus. This paper presents a method of measuring distances based on focus. It is used a web video camera. To achieve the autofocus, the camera lens moves to a position where the clearest image is obtained. The maximum clarity is measured from the histograms of the images on which a filter with the role of highlighting the edges was initially applied. Knowing the focal length of the lens, the distances can be found from the lens equation (1). Theoretically, for each position of the lens, in which the maximum clarity is reached, it corresponds a measured distance between the object and the camera. Because the camera used has only 16 positions of the lens, each position corresponds to a range of distances, this range being of the order of centimeters. Measurement accuracy can be improved by applying a linear and parabolic interpolation process. In this way the errors reach the order of millimeters. The distance measuring device in the present paper consists of a fixed video camera, a PC with the role of information processing and an object moving in front of the camera on its optical axis. Both the camera and the object are arranged on a graduated ruler support on which the camera is calibrated.
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1,980
|
Please write an abstract with title: A Recommendation System for Crop Prediction Under Diverse Weather Conditions, and key words: Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, K-Nearest Neighbour, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest and K-means clustering. Abstract: In order to develop strategic initiatives in agricultural belonging for trading protocol and tripling countrymen earnings, early and accurate agricultural output estimation is pivotal in computable and commercial decision at the territory plane. Crop production forecasting, which is done to foresee a greater crop output, is the impressive difficulty in the agronomic division. To help farmers increase agricultural yield, this study has collected and evaluated data on N, P, K, temperature, humidity, ph, rainfall and soil_moisture. The superior values of this work are to recommend the crop to cultivate, suggest the appropriate fertilizers to use and predict the disease of a crop. A python environment is used to perform initial preprocessing on the data. KNN classification is used for developing the recommendation system. The link between the count, nutrients, temperature, humidity, pH, rainfall, and crop, are visualized using bar graphs and scatter plots. The tensor and torch were used to forecast crop disease and also to suggest appropriate fertilizer based on the data. The application was developed using Python Flask. This Classification was compared with other algorithms such as SVM, DT , RF and K-means.
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1,981
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Please write an abstract with title: A maximum-flow approach to dynamic handling of multiple incidents in traffic evacuation management, and key words: Terrorism, Transportation, National security, Traffic control, Stochastic processes, Humans, Disaster management, Environmental management, Technology management, Real time systems. Abstract: Contemporary terrorists have made public transportation a new theater of operations. Specifically, attacks on the urban transportation system can cause great disruption and alarm, which are the traditional goals of terrorism. The unexpected and stochastic character of terrorist attacks poses unique challenges to those responsible for security. Since the threat of terrorism is obscure and security measures are costly, it is hard to justify the expenditures before an attack. Security against terrorism therefore tends to be reactive. In this paper we propose new ITS technologies to enhance the surface transportation aspects of homeland security, by providing more efficient and safer evacuation for general public in case of terrorist attacks or other human caused disasters. In particular, we extend our existing work on developing a smart traffic evacuation management system (STEMS), by enhancing it with capabilities to adapt to the dynamics of the traffic environment, by leveraging real-time information obtained from sensors or other surveillance technologies. STEMS handles the unexpected aspect of terrorist attacks or other unpredictable disasters, by generating evacuation plans dynamically, when given an incident location and scope. To handle traffic dynamics, STEMS will continue to revise the initially generated plan, during the evacuation operation, to keep it consistent with the continuously changing traffic conditions. The advantages of this revision process are two-fold: first, it ensures that traffic will not be directed towards congested areas; and secondly, it decreases congestion by spreading the traffic from currently congested segments to alternative routes. Our simulation studies show that employing real-time information greatly improves STEMS performance and therefore, evacuation efficiency.
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1,982
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Please write an abstract with title: An Online Cost Optimization Algorithm for IaaS Instance Releasing in Cloud Environments, and key words: Cloud computing, Conferences, Software as a service, Clustering algorithms, Prediction algorithms, Optimization. Abstract: Benefiting from the development of cloud computing, service trades among IaaS (Infrastructure-as-a-Service) providers, SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) providers, and users are more and more common, where SaaS providers purchase on-demand instances in a pay-per-use way from IaaS providers to execute users' jobs. Given the pay-as-you-go mode of IaaS instances, SaaS providers can acquire and release instances whenever they need. However, considering the preparation time of acquiring new instances and the penalty functions of users, from the perspective of cost optimization, SaaS providers need to decide whether and when to release an idle instance. To make optimal decisions, future information about job arrivals and execution time is generally required, which is actually difficult to accurately predict. To address this problem, we propose an online cost optimization algorithm for SaaS providers to help them make better decisions on whether to release instances. Theoretical analysis shows that our online algorithm achieves a competitive ratio of 2-α for different penalty functions, where α ∈ (0,1). Extensive experiments on account of realistic Google cluster data demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our online algorithm.
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1,983
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Please write an abstract with title: Quantifying the Uncertainty in Long-Term Traffic Prediction Based on PI-ConvLSTM Network, and key words: Predictive models, Deep learning, Logic gates, Uncertainty, Reliability, Probabilistic logic, Feature extraction. Abstract: This work proposes a novel uncertainty quantification framework for long-term traffic flow prediction (TFP) based on a sequential deep learning model. Quantifying the uncertainty of TFP is crucial for intelligent transportation system (ITS) to make robust traffic congestion analysis and efficient traffic management due to the inherent uncertain and fluctuating nature of traffic flow. However, the performance (e.g., reliability and sharpness) of uncertainty quantification is hard to guarantee, particularly for long-term traffic flow (e.g., one week or two weeks in advance). To this end, this work develops a nonparametric performance-oriented prediction interval (PI) construction approach based on an enhanced sequential convolutional long short-term memory units (ConvLSTM) model, which is named as PI-ConvLSTM. This model can well learn the temporal correlations involved in the multivariate explanatory samples. Specifically, a periodic pattern learning strategy and a performance-oriented loss function are developed to ensure the quality of the derived PIs. Through validating on the real-life England freeway traffic flow dataset, the proposed PI-ConvLSTM proves to be capable of producing the skillful PIs for long-term TFP. For instance, the performance of derived PIs for two-week ahead is 0.175%, 0.198 and 1957.127 in average in terms of reliability, average width and sharpness, respectively. As compared to the benchmark models the proposed model shows at least 68.1% improvement on reliability, 3.4% on average width and 1.7% on sharpness.
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1,984
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Please write an abstract with title: Initial adhesion of microorganisms to polymeric membranes, and key words: Adhesives, Microorganisms, Polymers, Biomembranes, Teeth, Bones, Animals, Humans, Marine vehicles, Prosthetics. Abstract: Biofilms form in nearly every environment that provides a surface, nutrients, and water. They can be found, for example, in almost all natural aquatic environments; on teeth, bone interstices, and oral epithelia of animals and humans; on hulls of marine installations and ship bottoms; on prosthetic devices and medical implants; on water conduits and in filters; and even ion the "sterile" surfaces of the computer chip manufacturing industry. The generally accepted stages in the development of microbial biofilms are transport to the surface, initial attachment, "more permanent" adhesion, proliferation, and biofilm formation. In some of the systems described above transport is dominated by microorganism mobility (combination of thermal diffusion and motility), in others convective drag forces influence the transport of microbes toward the surface of interest. Once in close proximity to a surface, microorganisms may initially attach via any combination of intermolecular (van der Waals), electrostatic, or hydrophobic forces like simple colloids, and later become more permanently adhered by exuding extra-cellular polymeric substances (EPS).
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1,985
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Please write an abstract with title: 11.5 A 23.9-to-29.4GHz Digital LC-PLL with a Coupled Frequency Doubler for Wireline Applications in 10nm FinFET, and key words: Phase noise, Frequency modulation, Power measurement, Transmitters, Solid state circuit design, Jitter, Frequency conversion. Abstract: Interest in ultra-high-speed wireline communications targeting 100Gb/s+ is rapidly increasing to accommodate the massive data traffic of data centric systems such as Internet-of-things, autonomous driving, cloud computing, etc. In recent publications, a 14GHz LC-PLL was successfully demonstrated for 112Gb/s PAM-4 transmitter clocking [1-3]. To extend the data rate to 224Gb/s, a 28GHz LC-PLL can be adopted instead of increased interleaving or use of higher-order modulation (PAM-8/16). However, doubling the PLL clock frequency without jitter or power penalties is challenging because doubling the data rate requires a 50% jitter reduction while CML-to-CMOS buffer and prescaler divider have increasing power overhead as they are pushed closer to millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency ranges. This paper presents a 23.9-to-29.4GHz digital LC-PLL architecture that achieves a 65fs random jitter measured at a transmitter output with 17.1mW power consumption. The proposed design uses: 1) a current re-use coupled frequency doubler oscillator to improve phase noise by 4.5dB compared to a conventional LC-DCO with only a 25% power increase; 2) an automatic frequency-tracking loop (FTL) to optimize the phase noise of the frequency doubler across PVT; and 3) power saving by avoiding the prescaler divider operating in mm-wave frequencies.
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1,986
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Please write an abstract with title: Development of hybrid ARQ protocol for the quantum communication system on stabilizer codes, and key words: Qubit, Logic gates, Protocols, Quantum mechanics, Quantum entanglement, Security, Quantum networks. Abstract: In this paper, we develop a novel hybrid automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) protocol for the quantum communication system using quantum stabilizer codes. The quantum information is encoded by stabilizer codes to against the channel noise. The two-photon entangled state is prepared for codeword secure transmission. Hybrid ARQ protocol rules the recognition and retransmission of error codewords. In this protocol, the property of quantum entangled state ensures the security of information, the theory of hybrid ARQ system improves the reliability of transmission, the theory of quantum stabilizer codes corrects the flipping errors of codewords. Finally, we verify the security and throughput efficiency of this protocol.
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1,987
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Please write an abstract with title: Hydrogeological-Mathematical Model of Formation and Management of Resources and Quality of Fresh Underground Water of the Karakalpak Artesian Basin, and key words: Information science, Geology, Mathematical models, Communications technology, Task analysis, Water resources. Abstract: This article discusses the problems of using groundwater resources of the Karakalpak artesian basin. The task of drawing up a geological and mathematical model of the operational resources of groundwater in the Karakalpak artesian basin for the rational use of fresh groundwater in the basin is set. This article discusses the problem of lack of fresh groundwater in the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. A method of hydrogeological-mathematical model of exploitable groundwater resources for the correct use of fresh groundwater is proposed.
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1,988
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Please write an abstract with title: A measurement system and analysis procedure for determining the spatial phase structure function of ionospherically reflected waves, and key words: Phase measurement, Phased arrays, Apertures, Hafnium, Ionosphere, Scattering, Pulse measurements, Array signal processing, Distortion measurement, Area measurement. Abstract: A 40-km sparse high-frequency (HF) receiving array is described which was used to measure the instantaneous phase at eight sites within the array of a pulsed 9-MHz transmission from Boulder, CO, to the Philadelphia, PA, area. The experimental program was designed to produce data on the statistical properties of the phase-front of a wave after passage through the ionosphere for the purpose of assessing the design problems of an array large enough to focus a 1-km cross-section beam at transoceanic distance (array size the order of 100 km). The problem of the effect of phase-front fluctuations due to turbulence induced scattering and internal ionospheric waves is formulated. The adaptive beamforming and scanning program of the Valley Forge Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, is expected to yield solutions to this problem through self-cohering procedures. The nature of the desired measurements and a measuring system for accomplishing the task are also described.
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1,989
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Please write an abstract with title: The evolution of robust, reversible, nano-scale, femtosecond-switching circuits, and key words: Robustness, Ultrafast electronics, Ultrafast optics, Electronic circuits, Circuit faults, Switching circuits, Fabrication, Electronic components, Circuit simulation, Switches. Abstract: This paper introduces conceptual problems that will arise in the next 10-20 years as electronic circuits reach nanometer scale, i.e. the size of molecules. Suc1.09"h circuits will be impossible to make perfectly, due to the inevitable fabrication faults in chips with an Avogadro number of components. Hence they will need to be constructed so that they are robust to faults. They will also need to be (as far as possible) reversible circuits, to avoid the heat dissipation problem if bits of information are routinely wiped out during the computational process. They will also have to be local if the switching times reach femtoseconds, which is possible now with quantum optics. This paper discusses some of the conceptual issues involved in trying to build circuits that satisfy all these criteria, i.e. that they are robust, reversible and local. We propose an evolutionary engineering based model that meets all these criteria, and provide some experimental results to justify it.
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1,990
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Please write an abstract with title: Four-quadrant JFET multipliers, and key words: Solid state circuits, Resistors, Threshold voltage, Implants, Electron devices, MOS devices, Logic circuits, Large scale integration, Legged locomotion, MOSFET circuits. Abstract: A novel four-quadrant /spl plusmn/1 V input, /spl plusmn/1 V output JFET analog multiplier cell is described in this work. The cell consists of one low-power operational amplifier, one commercially available dual JFET pair, three seven-resistor thin-film resistor packages, and one other trim resistor. An amplifier input offset voltage adjust and a trim resistor adjust are sufficient to yield /spl plusmn/0.5 percent of full-scale accuracy at a single temperature. The addition of a second temperature-compensated low-power amplifier results in a high input impedance multiplier with an overall accuracy of /spl plusmn/3 percent of full scale in the temperature range from 0 to 50/spl deg/C. The complete unit has a no-signal power dissipation of 0.3 mW, a full-signal power dissipation of 4 mW, and a half-power frequency response of about 10 kHz.
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1,991
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Please write an abstract with title: Inter-Brain Synchrony Levels According to Task Execution Modes and Difficulty Levels: An fNIRS/GSR Study, and key words: Task analysis, Functional near-infrared spectroscopy, Presses, Synchronization, Physiology, Performance evaluation, Hemodynamics. Abstract: Hyperscanning is a brain imaging technique that measures brain synchrony caused by social interactions. Recent research on hyperscanning has revealed substantial inter-brain synchrony (IBS), but little is known about the link between IBS and mental workload. To study this link, we conducted an experiment consisting of button-pressing tasks of three different difficulty levels for the cooperation and competition modes with 56 participants aged 23.7± 3.8 years (mean±standard deviation). We attempted to observe IBS using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and galvanic skin response (GSR) to assess the activities of the human autonomic nervous system. We found that the IBS levels increased in a frequency band of 0.075–0.15 Hz, which was unrelated to the task repetition frequency in the cooperation mode according to the task difficulty level. Significant relative inter-brain synchrony (RIBS) increases were observed in three and 10 channels out of 15 for the hard tasks compared to the normal and easy tasks, respectively. We observed that the average GSR values increased with increasing task difficulty levels for the competition mode only. Thus, our results suggest that the IBS revealed by fNIRS and GSR is not related to the hemodynamic changes induced by mental workload, simple behavioral synchrony such as button-pressing timing, or autonomic nervous system activity. IBS is thus explicitly caused by social interactions such as cooperation.
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1,992
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimization Method for Multiple Phases Sectionalized Modulation Jamming Against Linear Frequency Modulation Radar Based on a Genetic Algorithm, and key words: Jamming, Phase modulation, Genetic algorithms, Spaceborne radar, Optimization, Controllability. Abstract: Multiple phases sectionalized modulation (MPSM) jamming is a kind of blanket jamming method against linear frequency modulation (LFM) radar, which can produce range-controllable noise-like jamming effect by dividing the signal into multiple subsections in the time domain and modulating different phases on each subsection. However, the partial relationship between the jamming effect and jamming parameters is complicated, which decrease the controllability of MPSM jamming effect. By transforming the problem of the controllability of MPSM jamming effect into the problem of the optimization of MPSM jamming effect, an optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to solve the problem in this paper. In the optimization based on GA, first, the objective function is constructed according to the jamming evaluation, the parameters are coded, the population is initialized, and the fitness value of the initial population is calculated. Then, the selection operation, crossover operation and mutation operation are performed, the next population is generated and its fitness value is calculated. Finally, judge if reach the termination, continue or output the optimization result and its corresponding parameters. The optimization method proposed in this paper can not only effectively increase the controllability of MPSM jamming effect, but also optimize the jamming effect. The simulation results show that the optimization method is feasible and has strong stability.
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1,993
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Please write an abstract with title: A detection-based multiple object tracking method, and key words: Object detection, Target tracking, Trajectory, Traffic control, National electric code, Computer vision, Sampling methods, Bayesian methods, Particle filters, Stochastic processes. Abstract: In this paper we describe a method for tracking multiple objects whose number is unknown and varies during tracking. Based on preliminary results of object detection in each image which may have missing and/or false detection, the multiple object tracking method keeps a graph structure where it maintains multiple hypotheses about the number and the trajectories of the objects in the video. The image information drives the process of extending and pruning the graph, and determines the best hypothesis to explain the video. While the image-based object detection makes a local decision, the tracking process confirms and validates the detection through time, therefore, it can be regarded as temporal detection which makes a global decision across time. The multiple object tracking method gives feedbacks which are predictions of object locations to the object detection module. Therefore, the method integrates object detection and tracking tightly. The most possible hypothesis provides the multiple object tracking result. The experimental results are presented.
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1,994
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Please write an abstract with title: Sparse Array Beamformer Design via ADMM, and key words: Closed-form solutions, Array signal processing, Design methodology, Conferences, Adaptive arrays, Signal processing algorithms, Interference. Abstract: In this paper, we devise a sparse array design algorithm for adaptive beamforming. Our strategy is based on finding a sparse beamformer weight to maximize the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). The proposed method uses the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), and admits closed-form solutions at each ADMM iteration. Numerical results exhibit excellent performance of the proposed method, which is comparable to that of the exhaustive search approach.
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1,995
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Please write an abstract with title: Correcting bulk in-plane motion artifacts in MRI using the point spread function, and key words: Magnetic resonance imaging, Transfer functions, Motion detection, Fourier transforms, Navigation, Radiology, Joining processes, Magnetic analysis, Imaging phantoms, In vivo. Abstract: A technique is proposed for correcting both translational and rotational motion artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging without the need to collect additional navigator data or to perform intensive postprocessing. The method is based on measuring the point spread function (PSF) by attaching one or two point-sized markers to the main imaging object. Following the isolation of a PSF marker from the acquired image, translational motion could be corrected directly from the modulation transfer function, without the need to determine the object's positions during the scan, although the shifts could be extracted if desired. Rotation is detected by analyzing the relative displacements of two such markers. The technique was evaluated with simulations, phantom and in vivo experiments.
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1,996
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Please write an abstract with title: Neural networks for Pest Detection in Precision Agriculture, and key words: Task analysis, Insects, Training, Prototypes, Computational modeling, Monitoring, Deep learning. Abstract: Apple is one of the most produced fruit crops in the world. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things can reduce production costs and improve crop quality by providing prompt detection of dangerous parasites. This paper presents an effective solution to automate the detection of the Codling Moths. The system takes pictures of trapped insects in the orchard, analyzes them through a DNN algorithm, and sends alarms to the farmer in case of a positive detection. The system is fully autonomous and can operate unattended for the entire crop season. Detection reports are used for optimizing the treatment with chemicals only when threats are identified. The prototype is designed with an embedded platform powered by a small solar panel to achieve an energy-neutral balance.
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1,997
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Please write an abstract with title: Annealed imitation: fast dynamics for maximum clique, and key words: Annealing, Game theory, Neural networks, Equations, Quadratic programming. Abstract: We propose a new class of heuristics for the maximum clique problem (MCP) whose basic ingredients are: (1) a parameterized continuous formulation of MCP, (2) an instability analysis of equilibria of imitation dynamics from evolutionary game theory, and (3) a principled way of varying a regularization parameter during the evolution process so as to avoid inefficient solutions. The resulting annealed imitation" class is shown to contain algorithms that are dramatically faster than and as accurate as state-of-the-art neural network heuristics for maximum clique.
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1,998
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Please write an abstract with title: Power Flow Lossess Control Using Distributed Generation and DIgSILENT Computational Analysis combine with BPN, and key words: Simulation, Power quality, Training data, Distribution networks, Power system stability, Propagation losses, Stability analysis. Abstract: This paper presents the power flow losses control using distributed generation (DG) and DIgSILENT computational analysis combine with back propagation neural network (BPN). The Chainat province was chosen to research as a case study because of it was located in the central area of Thailand with the main Phaholyothin road that can be served for the growth of agricultural industry, a large distribution center, renewable energy power plant and electric vehicles (EV) battery stations in future. One of the main hot topics trend for the power energy consumption is the clean energy of power electricity, especially for EV load that may be caused the problems of power network ability limited such as power qualities or voltage stabilities due to the battery charger stations and its supporter’s usage. These problems are more convince than the normally of power flow control methods because it can be collected the losses, mistake patterns of current-voltage conditions or abnormal of electrically enough that may have a blow out or blackout cause by the power trip of power transmission line and including with power plants. Increased DG is one of the most used to solve this problem that caused changes the power quality in distribution network management paradigm. But whenever DG is increasingly represented in electrical distribution network it could have the impact influence effects to the electrical power system if misjudging DG as good enough. The influence of DG impact in observed distribution system needs to be properly evaluated and rated, so the DIgSILENT Power Factory will solve this problem with its powerful of power flow analysis while the BPN will implement the all of system again. Finally, an experimental and simulation results are show that this proposed technique has good feasibility and effectiveness enough to solve the power flow losses control problems in a case study area.
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1,999
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Please write an abstract with title: LWIR hyperspectral mapping of the Gamsberg deposit, Aggeneys, South Africa, and key words: Hyperspectral imaging, Mineralization, Zinc, Rocks, Earth, Ores, Image color analysis. Abstract: A LWIR hyperspectral airborne campaign was carried out to map the lithology and to detect the zinc mineralization of the Gamsberg at the Northern Cape in South Africa. Therefore, L WIR data was acquired with a GSD of 2.5 meter in July/ August 2015. The data preprocessing included the orthorectification, atmospheric correction as well as a temperature and emissivity separation approach. The lithological mapping and detection based on an endmember procedure extracting 11 representative endmember and a spectral classification using the spectral angle mapper. The final result shows a detailed lithological map with better differentiation of the schist into three subunits as compared to the geological map. The gossan, an indicator for the mineralization, was detected and mapped as well. This is in good agreement with existing field findings and demonstrated the potential of L WIR hyperspectral data to support exploration activities.
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