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20,600 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling, analysis, synthesis, and performance evaluation of multioperational production systems with hybrid timed Petri nets, and key words: Performance analysis, Production systems, Petri nets, Object oriented modeling, Mathematical model, Power system modeling, Topology, Automatic control, Student members, Associate members. Abstract: Hybrid timed Petri nets (HTPNs) are derived to study random topology and complexity multioperational production systems where parts of one type follow the same route to produce a final product. Each production system is first decomposed into a fundamental multiproductive machine, multiassembly and multidisassembly modules, followed by derivation of their corresponding HTPN models. The overall system HTPN model is obtained via individual module synthesis, satisfying system constraints. Individual module and overall HTPN models nodes (places and transitions) are calculated. Individual module and overall system model invariants are derived mathematically. Performance and possible tradeoffs due to varying operational constraints (buffer capacity, work in process, machine utilization, backlog, etc.) are investigated through extensive simulations. Results show the applicability of the proposed methodology and justify its modeling power and generality. |
20,601 | Please write an abstract with title: Agglomerative Region-Based Analysis, and key words: Sociology, Statistics, Image segmentation, Brain, Testing, Magnetic resonance imaging. Abstract: A fundamental problem in brain imaging is the identification of volumes whose features distinguish two populations. One popular solution, Voxel-Based Analyses (VBA), glues together contiguous voxels with significant intra-voxel population differences. VBA's output regions may not be spatially consistent: each voxel may show a unique population effect. We introduce Agglomerative Region-Based Analysis (ARBA), which mitigates this issue to increase sensitivity. ARBA is an Agglomerative Clustering procedure, like Ward's method, which segments image sets in a common space to greedily maximize a likelihood function. The resulting regions are pared down to a set of disjoint regions that show statistically significant population differences via Permutation Testing. ARBA is shown to increase sensitivity over VBA in a detection task on multivariate Diffusion MRI brain images. |
20,602 | Please write an abstract with title: Site-Specific Sample Preparation and Analysis of FinFET structure in 14nm Technology Node Chip via Atom Probe Tomography, and key words: FinFETs, Probes, Atomic measurements, Tomography, Silicon, Three-dimensional displays, Logic gates. Abstract: At present the atom probe tomography (APT) has shown its advantage to analyze dopant distributions in FinFET devices with sub-nm 3D-resolution and good dopant sensitivity. Preparing samples for APT analysis can carry significant challenges. The main limiting factor with respect to the type of problems that can be addressed is the small volume investigated and the randomness of common sample preparation methods. An improved method utilizing focused ion beam (FIB) is presented that can be used to site-specific produce atom probe samples with features of interest at any desired orientation with an accuracy of better than 10 nm from samples of 14 nm FinFET devices. The sample analysis provides three dimensional compositions of Fin channel, metal gate and high-k oxide of the FinFET structure. Finally, the reconstruction data is discussed and the measurement is also compared with high resolution STEM-EDS analysis. |
20,603 | Please write an abstract with title: Security Hardening of Facial Recognition Systems, and key words: Access control, Three-dimensional displays, Image recognition, Face recognition, Cameras, Hardware, IP networks. Abstract: The usage of face recognition-based smart locks is growing daily in securing restricted physical locations, and although they provide an elegant and easily manageable access control solution, they might be subjected to various attacks such as with pre-recorded videos, 3D printed faces, and even with plainly printed static images of the authorized user. The main focus of this paper is to develop an additional security layer of a smart lock mechanism that would remedy such vulnerabilities and harden the facial recognition-based access control system. The implemented smart lock will use an IP camera near the protected door, and the facial recognition will be performed by an artificial intelligence algorithm running in the background of the Linux-based hardware. The smart lock system will be based on the affordable technology with limited processing power in mind. The security hardening will be based on the eye blink and liveness detection. Such hardened algorithm will prove to be more difficult to deceive, and at the actuator level will control the lock via relay mechanism in order to open the doors for authorized persons. |
20,604 | Please write an abstract with title: Packaging reusable software assets, and key words: Software packages, Packaging, Software reusability, Programming, Asset management, Software development management, Recycling, Costs, Productivity, Acceleration. Abstract: With resources tight in today's economy, a renewed interest in making the most of legacy code is spurring various attempts to recycle software assets. With such an emphasis on components, reusing them - or reusing significant portions of them - can lower development costs and improve productivity by accelerating software development cycle times and eliminating redundancy. A consortium of software development and component management tool companies have banded together to hammer out an outline of common conventions for packaging software assets that makes it easier to manage and reuse them. They call the standards they've developed the reusable asset specifications. |
20,605 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication and Characterization of Piezoelectric PVDF-TrFE Sensor Fabricated Using Spin Coating Method for Biomedical Device Applications, and key words: Fabrication, Temperature sensors, Temperature dependence, Annealing, Piezoelectricity, Polymer films, Angular velocity. Abstract: Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) has been considered and received more favor since the last two decades by the physicians and researchers rather than traditional open surgery due to better healing conditions after the surgery, less physical pain, and faster recovery process. There are various types of force/pressure sensor technologies in the market. However, the fittest one is the piezoelectric transduction principle for the MIS’s devices like endoscopic grasper or biomedical insertion catheter. A common design and fabrication technique for these kinds of sensors is using PVDF with its copolymer, TrFE, as a piezoelectric material due to its biocompatibility and ease of implantation. In this study, PVDF-TrFE polymer is deposited between two aluminum electrodes via spin-coating method and gone under different post-fabrication processes in order to examine its piezoelectricity and amount of electroactive $\beta$-phase. These processes investigate the effect of various post thermal annealing temperatures, different number of layers of polymer deposition, and the effect of spin-coating speed. This research clearly presents an effective way to fabricate a PVDF-TrFE based tactile sensor and some enhancement techniques according to the author’s novel experimental design to obtain higher $\beta$-phase and, consequently, piezoelectric constant to get a better sense of touch at the end effector of biomedical devices. |
20,606 | Please write an abstract with title: Discussion of "Generalized theory of instantaneous reactive quantity for multiphase power system", and key words: Power systems, Reactive power, Voltage, Equations, Circuits, Inductors, Kirchhoff's Law, Tensile stress, Mathematical model. Abstract: For original article by X. Dai, G. Liu and R. Gretsch see ibid., vol.19, no.3, p.965-72, July 2004. |
20,607 | Please write an abstract with title: Defect and error tolerance in the presence of massive numbers of defects, and key words: Fault tolerance, Logic testing, Costs, Circuit faults, Logic devices, Redundancy, Fabrication, Noise level, Logic design, Manufacturing. Abstract: As scaling approaches the physical limits of devices, we will continue to see increasing levels of process variations, noise, and defect densities. Many applications today can tolerate certain levels of errors resulting from such factors. We introduce a new approach for error tolerance resulting in chips containing only error acceptable for such applications. |
20,608 | Please write an abstract with title: Characteristics of Avalanche Charge Domain in High-Power GaAs Devices, and key words: Gallium arsenide, Spontaneous emission, Impact ionization, Doping, Semiconductor diodes, Photonic band gap, Mathematical model. Abstract: The formation of avalanche charge domain in high-power GaAs device has been studied numerically. According to the numerical simulation results of the distribution of electric field in the bulk of the device, the variation rules of peak electric field within the domain and the domain width with the bias electric field, the carrier concentration, and the device length are obtained, respectively, and by the comparison of the variation rules with and without considering carrier impact ionization, the effect of the carrier impact ionization on the peak electric field and the domain width have been obtained. It shows that 1) the peak electric field is mainly determined by the bias electric field, the carrier concentration and the device length, and the domain width is mainly determined by the carrier concentration and the device length; 2) the carrier impact ionization and avalanche multiplication have a significant effect on the peak electric field and domain width; and 3) the value of the peak electric field and domain width are closely related to the position of domain in the direction of domain motion. Based on the variation of peak electric field and domain width, the formation of avalanche charge domain is discussed. Our results can deepen the understanding of breakover mechanism of GaAs devices and contribute to the optimization of GaAs devices performance. |
20,609 | Please write an abstract with title: T-trees, vertical partitioning and distributed association rule mining, and key words: Association rules, Data mining, Itemsets, Tree data structures, Partitioning algorithms, Distributed computing, Indexing, Computer science, Concurrent computing, Computational efficiency. Abstract: We consider a technique (DATA-VP) for distributed (and parallel) association rule mining that makes use of a vertical partitioning technique to distribute the input data, amongst processors. The proposed vertical partitioning is facilitated by a novel compressed set enumeration tree data structure (the T-tree), and an associated mining algorithm (Apriori-T), that allows for computationally effective distributed/parallel ARM when compared with existing approaches. |
20,610 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed generation islanding-implications on power system dynamic performance, and key words: Distributed control, Power system dynamics, Circuit faults, Power system interconnection, Power system protection, Frequency, Power system stability, Electrical fault detection, Fault detection, Voltage. Abstract: Distributed generation can potentially support unintentional system islands, isolated from the remainder of the system. These islands pose a significant risk to safety and equipment, and need to be quickly detected and eliminated. Islands are detected by sensitive under- and over-voltage and frequency functions, sometimes aided by active island destabilization techniques. Both the passive voltage and frequency trip point and active destabilization measures to counter islanding, however, can also adversely impact system dynamic performance. As DG penetration grows, attention will need to be directed to the balance between the need to eliminate Islands, and the impact of measures used to detect and eliminate islands on system performance when no islanding occurs. |
20,611 | Please write an abstract with title: Aggregated-Attention Transformation Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification, and key words: Feature extraction, Training, Data mining, Hyperspectral imaging, Kernel, Computer architecture, Computational efficiency. Abstract: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved great success in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, most CNNs require a substantial amount of manually labeled training data to yield good performances, and the expert annotation of HSI data is labor-intensive, but existing CNNs fail to effectively extract the joint spatial-spectral features from a small training set. To tackle this issue, inspired by the attention mechanism, an aggregated-attention transformation network (AATN) was proposed for HSI classification. This network takes advantage of the split-transform-merge strategy to change the number of the cardinality (the size of transformation set) for improving generalization ability with a small number of training samples while alleviating the overfitting phenomenon. Moreover, each aggregation attention module is designed to explore the attention across spatial-spectral features of different receptive fields, and interactively guide the recalibration of discriminative features. By retaining the uniform architecture, AATN can be used for HSI classification tasks without introducing excessive computational costs, and the proposed framework can learn representations with limited training samples due to the effectiveness and practicality of the attention-driven features. The proposed AATN obtains competitive performance compared with some state-of-the-art methods in qualitative and quantitative experiments on four benchmark HSI datasets. |
20,612 | Please write an abstract with title: Feedback control experiment of enduring rotary motion of devil stick, and key words: Feedback control, Aerodynamics, Gravity, Friction, Motion analysis, Angular velocity, Numerical simulation, Motion control, Angular velocity control, Equations. Abstract: Devil stick is a kind of juggling. The purpose of this study is to keep a stick (center stick) rotating continuously in the air by pushing with another stick (hand stick). The numerical simulation based on an analysis of zero dynamics shows that enduring rotary motion of devil stick is achieved by output zeroing control. |
20,613 | Please write an abstract with title: Blockchain-Based Solution for Multiple Operator Spectrum Sharing (MOSS) in 5G Networks, and key words: Smart contracts, Blockchain, Ultra reliable low latency communication, Security, Reliability, Stakeholders, Software development management. Abstract: The fifth-generation (5G) and beyond networks will benefit billions of endpoint devices, machines, and users by enabling the wide-area data collection and transmission. This massive growth in these endpoints will require sharing spectrum resources to enable ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLCC) and to use enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), which is connectable via over-the-air (OTA) interfaces. These requirements create opportunities for carrier-service providers (CSPs) to dynamically share their bandwidth among on-network and cross-network endpoints. To date, the existing centralized dynamic spectrum sharing solutions do not involve the endpoints. Moreover, these solutions are monopolized by CSPs, and hence raise the users' concerns over the security and privacy of their endpoint data. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based smart contract (SC) solution to enable secure and dynamic spectrum sharing among endpoint users. We design a multiple operators spectrum sharing (MOSS) SC which enables and facilitates dynamic spectrum sharing among cooperating endpoint users (e.g. autonomous cars in smart cities), in a trusted, decentralized, and secure manner. The proposed SC penalizes the non-cooperating endpoint users. We implement the proposed SC considering the permissionless blockchain requirements, implemented it on the Ethereum network, and tested our proposed solution in terms of gas consumption, security, and reliability. The proposed MOSS SC code has been made publicly available on GitHub. |
20,614 | Please write an abstract with title: An enhanced test generator for capacitance induced crosstalk delay faults, and key words: Logic circuit testing, Crosstalk, Capacitance, Timing, Tree searching, Combinational logic circuits. Abstract: Capacitive crosstalk can give rise to slowdown of signals that can propagate to a circuit output and create a functional error A test generation methodology, called XGEN, was developed to generate tests for such failures. Two drawbacks of XGEN are: (i) it is not complete because of restricted propagation conditions, and (ii) a constrained logic value system is used. In this paper, we relax the propagation conditions to increase the solution space. This increases the likelihood of finding a test. We also present a nine-valued algebra that distinguishes between hazardous values and non-hazardous values. Finally, we use the relation between arrival time and required time ranges to selectively turn off the timing computation procedure which is computationally expensive. Other drawbacks of previous versions of XGEN are: (i) a simplified pin-to-pin delay model was used, and (ii) crosstalk computation could not handle timing ranges. We have addressed both of those issues. |
20,615 | Please write an abstract with title: Tree Based Search Algorithm for Binary Image Compression, and key words: Image coding, Image segmentation, Partitioning algorithms, Simulation, Video sequences, Indexes. Abstract: The demand for large-scale image data grows increasingly fast, resulting in a need for efficient image compression. This work aims at improving the lossless compression of binary images. To this end, we propose the use of a tree-based optimization algorithm, which searches for the best partitions of the input image into non-uniform blocks, and for the best combination of scan directions, with the goal of achieving more efficient compression of the resulting sequences of intervals between successive symbols of the same kind. The tree-based search algorithm searches for the best grid structure for adaptively partitioning the image into blocks of varying sizes. Extensive simulations of this search algorithm on various datasets demonstrated that we can achieve significantly higher compression on average than various standard binary image compression methods such as the JPEG 2000 and JBIG2 methods. |
20,616 | Please write an abstract with title: Thermoelectric properties of Nb/sub 3/Sb/sub x/Te/sub 7-x/ compounds, and key words: Thermoelectricity, Niobium, Tellurium, Thermal conductivity, Testing, Propulsion, Laboratories, Voltage, Resistance heating, Electric resistance. Abstract: Niobium antimony telluride, Nb/sub 3/Sb/sub x/Te/sub 7-x/, was synthesized and tested for thermoelectric properties in the Thermoelectrics group at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The forty atoms per unit cell of Nb/sub 3/Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 5/ and its varied mixture of atoms yield a complicated structure, suggesting that Nb/sub 3/Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 5/ and related compounds may exhibit low thermal conductivity and hence a higher ZT value. Nb/sub 3/Sb/sub x/Te/sub 7-x/ compounds were synthesized and subsequently analyzed for their Seebeck voltage, heat conduction, and electrical resistivity. Results indicate that Nb/sub 3/Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 5/ is a heavily doped semiconductor whose thermoelectric properties are compromised by compensating n-type and p-type carriers. Attempts to dope in favor of either carrier by varying the Sb:Te ratio yielded samples containing secondary metallic phases that dominated the transport properties of the resulting compounds. |
20,617 | Please write an abstract with title: Correcting ability and bounds of matroid codes, and key words: Linear code, IEEE catalog, Galois fields, Upper bound, Error correction codes. Abstract: Linear block codewords consist of information and control parts. Absences of such sharing (division) are distinctive particularities of matroid codes. In this case, any k symbols from n of the received codeword can be used to restore the original sequence. New results in matroid (M-)code parameters are presented in this work. We establish the dependences of the codeword length n from parameters t and k. Lower and upper bounds of M-code existences over the field GF/sup k/(2/sup m/) for t and k fixed are found. |
20,618 | Please write an abstract with title: Rapid MIMO-OFDM software defined radio system prototyping, and key words: Software radio, Software prototyping, Hardware, MIMO, OFDM, Receivers, Computer architecture, Standards development, Software algorithms, Throughput. Abstract: Combining MIMO with OFDM, it is possible to significantly reduce receiver complexity as OFDM greatly simplifies equalization at the receiver. MIMO-OFDM is currently being considered for a number of developing wireless standards; consequently, the study of MIMO-OFDM in realistic environments is of great importance. This paper describes an approach for prototyping a MIMO-OFDM systems using a flexible software defined radio (SDR) system architecture in conjunction with commercially available hardware. An emphasis on software permits a focus on algorithm and system design issues rather than implementation and hardware configuration. The penalty of this flexibility, however, is that the ease of use comes at the expense of overall throughput. To illustrate the benefits of the proposed architecture, applications to MIMO-OFDM system prototyping and preliminary MIMO channel measurements are presented. A detailed description of the hardware is provided along with downloadable software to reproduce the system. |
20,619 | Please write an abstract with title: Innovative Design and Analysis of a Closely Spaced 4×4 massive MIMO Antenna Array with Low Mutual Coupling for 5G BTS Application, and key words: Mutual coupling, Pollution, 5G mobile communication, Dipole antennas, Bandwidth, Gain, Antenna arrays. Abstract: A Closely packed 4×4 large MIMO Antenna Array with Low Mutual Coupling for 5 G BTS Application is featured innovative design and study. Two chamfered bow-tie dipole antenna elements are placed in orthogonal orientation and fed with two coaxial cables, achieving dual polarization. The architecture consists of chamfering the two arms of bow-tie antennas that improve port isolation to port. The pattern of unidirectional radiation is obtained by placing a metal ground plane at a distance of λ0/4. The radiating elements are intended for operation at 3.5 GHz. Simulated results of the expected dual-polarized chamfered bowtie antenna exhibit a sub-6GHz bandwidth (2.8-4.0 GHz) with VSWR <; 1.5. Isolation between the two ports is -27dB and mutual coupling is around-25 dB and for both the polarization a gain of 9.1dBi is observed. The aerial overall height is 0.25λ0 and the design is simple and easy to manufacture. This new design is thus a perfect candidate for the new 5 G BTS applications. |
20,620 | Please write an abstract with title: On the distributed management of SCORM-compliant course contents, and key words: Content management, XML, Electronic learning, Java, Information management, Least squares approximation, Access protocols, Packaging, Educational technology, Standardization. Abstract: SCORM's environment and its complex metadata make distributed LMSs difficult to communicate with each other, therefore hindering the content management and sharing. In order to overcome these two shortcomings, we propose a hybrid scheme which is composed of a XML binding model and an LDAP-based directory service. A preliminary experiment shows how it has helped SCORM evolve towards intelligent e-learning. |
20,621 | Please write an abstract with title: A laser quenched superconducting switch for pulsed power applications, and key words: Switches, Power lasers, Optical pulses, Sputtering, Superconducting films, Thick films, Critical current density, Conductivity, Temperature, Argon. Abstract: We have prepared micron thick films of NSN and NbCN by rf reactive sputtering. Sputtering conditions were varied in order to maximize the critical current density and the normal state resistivity. Both of these quantities are important for a normally closed switch in parallel with a load. The product of these two quantities is a figure of merit used to compare films prepared under different conditions. By varying substrate temperature, argon pressure and adding small amounts of oxygen to the reactive gas mixture, we have achieved a value of 900 V/cm. In addition we have fabricated some of these films into a laser activated switch which opens and recovers in times on the order of nanoseconds. |
20,622 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Model for Automated Detection and Classification of Brain Tumor Disorder, and key words: Brain Tumor, Enhanced life expectancy, Healthcare, Deep Neural Network, Features extraction. Abstract: Due to life-threatening condition of brain tumor, its timely identification is required in the healthcare industry to save lives of millions of people suffering from such disorder worldwide. Although, conventional techniques have been adopted by radiologists for diagnosing brain tumor but its asymptotic behaviour at an early stage may result in false predictions by radiologists due to the presence of extremely tiny size tumor that remains undiagnosed and worsen health conditions with the passage of time. To overcome such challenges, there is a requirement of developing computer assisted systems to aid radiologists in decision-making process while diagnosing brain tumor disorder to have better accuracy and efficient outcomes as compared with traditional approaches. Deep neural networks also have ability to extract features from input medical images at large scale, based on which extended version of residual network following 50 layers demonstrated great potential in diagnosing brain tumor along with utilizing support vector machine for classification purpose that distinguished infected images from healthy ones. After providing training to the proposed model, validation is done on the basis of test data and predicted responses after classification task. Thus, proposed model achieved accuracy of 95.5%, 97.28% recall, 86% specificity, 97.46% precision and 97.37% F1-Score which outperforms the existing approaches while diagnosing brain tumor disorder in the healthcare. |
20,623 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Evaluation of Mobile Molecular Communication System Using Neural Network Detector, and key words: Artificial neural networks, Detectors, Training, Signal to noise ratio, Receivers, Random variables, Molecular communication (telecommunication). Abstract: This letter proposes a neural network (NN) detector for mobile molecular communication (MMC). The NN uses Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS), and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithms for optimization. In the proposed work, the received signal is filtered and three different techniques for supervised training and detection are used. The three different techniques are (a) the filtered signal, (b) slope values of the filtered signal, and (c) concentration difference values of the filtered signal within a bit interval. The trained NN is used for detecting the unknown bits for time-varying parameters such as the distance between transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx), noise, and the number of released molecules by the Tx. Bit error rate (BER) with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is shown for different parameters such as coherence time of the channel, diffusion coefficient of the Tx, and the initial distance between the Tx and the Rx. Simulation results show that the BFGS algorithm trains the NN faster compared to the LM algorithm and the trained NN can perform well in a time-varying MMC environment. |
20,624 | Please write an abstract with title: A Continuous Probabilistic Origin Association Filter for Extended Object Tracking, and key words: Conferences, Filtering algorithms, Probability, Gaussian distribution, Information filters, Probabilistic logic, Sensors. Abstract: One major challenge in extended object tracking is the association of a point measurement to its true origin on a target object. The origins of measurements are often spatially distributed over the full extent of the target. The association of measurements to the possible origins within the targets’ extent is difficult, especially for low-resolution sensors which provide only a few measurements per object. We address this using a soft association of a point measurement to its origin candidates on the target. Therefore, association probabilities to different possible origins are calculated for each measurement. These probabilities are weighted according to their probability in the filtering step. We also extend this filter to continuous and not just discrete association possibilities. This allows us to associate point measurements to lines.This paper outlines the derivation of the filter and gives three exemplary applications. A simulation compares the performance of this approach with other filter techniques for tracking a moving line. The transfer of the filter to a moving circle is discussed. Additionally, we discuss its usage for a Doppler-radar-based detection association which exploits the radial speed information. We discuss the advantages and the drawbacks of this approach and give recommendations for the optimization of computation time. |
20,625 | Please write an abstract with title: Turmeric Plant Diseases Detection and Classification using Artificial Intelligence, and key words: Diseases, Data models, Training, Testing, Plants (biology), Computer architecture, Analytical models. Abstract: Major disease causing micro-organisms are bacteria and viruses, which are not visible when it affects the plant at initial stage. The human naked eyes after only the later stage it's visible and its affected whole parts of plants. Artificial Intelligence is an emerging sector in all fields of works for automation and to improve efficiency. It also included in agricultural sector to improve crop yield by identify the disease affection at early and classify type of disease affected for taking precaution measurements to prevent spreading to other plants in field. This becomes possible by image processing on computer vision and train the model by using VGG-16 architecture which is Convolutional Neural Network algorithms. |
20,626 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning-based Decision-Making Model for the Submarine Evade Movement, and key words: Analytical models, Oceans, Decision making, Neural networks, Estimation, Predictive models, Underwater acoustics. Abstract: It is of great significance to study the intelligent countermeasure decision of submarine eluding torpedo for the successful defense precision of underwater acoustic warfare. In this paper, the problem in view of the traditional submarine evasion decision-making which excessively relies on the previous combat experience, a deep learning-based decision-making model is proposed for the submarine’s evasive movement. Submarine evasion confrontation model and underwater acoustic antagonism system (UAAS) are used to establish a depth neural network (DNN) which with initial course, speed and depth of torpedo and submarine as input predict the best evaded course, speed and depth of submarine. Taking four different battlefield situations as examples, the simulation analysis shows that the model can increase the success rate of submarine evasion by about 19.7% compared with the randomly selected evasion decision which conforms to the actual attack, which indicates that the model has high accuracy and strong feasibility, and it provides a reference for the intelligent decision of submarine underwater acoustic countermeasure. |
20,627 | Please write an abstract with title: QCADS--A LSI CAD System for Minicomputer, and key words: Large scale integration, Microcomputers, Design automation, Databases, Logic circuits, Costs, Circuit analysis computing, Analytical models, Circuit simulation, Logic design. Abstract: The computer aided design (CAD) technique for LSI is an indispensable tool to develop LSI. Setting up a LSI CAD system with center on CAD database would make CAD technique more effectual. And a LSI CAD system for minicomputer has advantages of lower cost and convenient management. In this paper we are concerned with describing effective LSI CAD system - QCADS for minicomputer. The paper consists of four parts: (1) design objectives and strategy of the system, (2) framework of the system structure, (3) logical structure of database and (4) CAD description language. |
20,628 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Electricity Consumption Forecast Based on Load Curves Analysis, and key words: Electrical engineering, Power engineering, Energy consumption, Power measurement, Shape, Buildings, Microgrids. Abstract: The transition towards smart grid encompasses a greater attention paid to the energy efficiency. This aspect is of a great importance when we discuss the utilities’ impact on the overall electric energy consumption bill. In this paper we analyzed the importance of knowing the electricity consumption profile of users, as a paramount importance in the advent of local energy market for microgrids. The research effort was divided into two directions. The first was to identify electricity consumption over a one-week period of the Power Engineering Faculty building, and the second direction was to analyze the values obtained from the measurements. The analysis involved plotting the graphs that show the shape of the load curves at hourly intervals, thus allowing for predictions, and identification of consumption peculiarities, for enhanced forecasts. |
20,629 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Uncertainty Quantification of Stripline Pulse Response using Singular Value Decomposition and Delay Extraction, and key words: Transient response, Uncertainty, Monte Carlo methods, Stripline, Time series analysis, Voltage, Electromagnetic compatibility. Abstract: This paper demonstrates the use of data post-processing methods with stochastic collocation, an efficient alternative to Monte Carlo sampling, for transient response parametrization in electronic design. This method is applied to find the statistics of the broadband voltage response of a 50Ω terminated stripline with uncertain width, length, and per-mittivity. Collocation results with post-processing are compared against that of Monte Carlo showing greater accuracy for a low computational budget. |
20,630 | Please write an abstract with title: Small Feature Size, Large Impact: How Advanced Packaging Will Reinvent Radar Manufacturing, and key words: Temperature distribution, Three-dimensional displays, Thermal resistance, Integrated circuit interconnections, Packaging, Tools, Thermal conductivity. Abstract: To keep up with the demands for smaller antennas with increased performance and decreased costs, most next generation architectures mandate higher IC (integrated circuit) chip integration. Compared to conventional packaging configurations, advanced chip packaging technologies, such as 2.5D and 3D, offer greater chip compatibility and lower power consumption. Given these advantages, the adoption of advanced packaging is inevitable. Within advanced packaging, the copper pillar interconnect is a key enabling technology, and the next logical step. This technology offers several benefits, including improved electromigration resistance, improved electrical and thermal conductivity, simplified underbump metallization (UBM), and higher I/O (input/output) density. The fine pitches that copper pillars allow helps the technology to supersede solder bump technology, which reaches its lowest pitch around 40 microns. Finer pitches allow for a higher I/O count, which increases performance. In this work, assembly of ultra-thin MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) GaN (gallium nitride) fine-pitch copper pillar flip chip assemblies on high density interposers was successfully demonstrated. Using pitch copper pillar flip chip, the assembly processes for both organic PCB (printed circuit board) and silicon interposers were evaluated, both with an ENIG (electroless nickel gold) pad finish. For the 2D/2.5D/3D assembly process development, a standard in-house pick and place tool was used, followed by mass solder reflow, finished with an underfill for reliability test. The interconnect robustness was determined by die pull strengths and cross-sections. Complete reliability and qualification test data on GaN copper pillar flip chip 2D assembly was completed, including 700 temperature cycles and UHAST (unbiased highly accelerated temperature/humidity stress test). |
20,631 | Please write an abstract with title: Supervised Autoencoder Joint Learning on Heterogeneous Tactile Sensory Data: Improving Material Classification Performance, and key words: Training, Temperature sensors, Tactile sensors, Robustness, Sensors, Biosensors, Task analysis. Abstract: The sense of touch is an essential sensing modality for a robot to interact with the environment as it provides rich and multimodal sensory information upon contact. It enriches the perceptual understanding of the environment and closes the loop for action generation. One fundamental area of perception that touch dominates over other sensing modalities, is the understanding of the materials that it interacts with, for example, glass versus plastic. However, unlike the senses of vision and audition which have standardized data format, the format for tactile data is vastly dictated by the sensor manufacturer, which makes it difficult for large-scale learning on data collected from heterogeneous sensors, limiting the usefulness of publicly available tactile datasets. This paper investigates the joint learnability of data collected from two tactile sensors performing a touch sequence on some common materials. We propose a supervised recurrent autoencoder framework to perform joint material classification task to improve the training effectiveness. The framework is implemented and tested on the two sets of tactile data collected in sliding motion on 20 material textures using the iCub RoboSkin tactile sensors and the SynTouch BioTac sensor respectively. Our results show that the learning efficiency and accuracy improve for both datasets through the joint learning as compared to independent dataset training. This suggests the usefulness for large-scale open tactile datasets sharing with different sensors. |
20,632 | Please write an abstract with title: Denoising-Based Multiscale Feature Fusion for Remote Sensing Image Captioning, and key words: Feature extraction, Remote sensing, Sensors, Noise reduction, Visualization, Atmospheric modeling, Nonhomogeneous media. Abstract: With the benefits from deep learning technology, generating captions for remote sensing images has become achievable, and great progress has been made in this field in the recent years. However, a large-scale variation of remote sensing images, which would lead to errors or omissions in feature extraction, still limits the further improvement of caption quality. To address this problem, we propose a denoising-based multi-scale feature fusion (DMSFF) mechanism for remote sensing image captioning in this letter. The proposed DMSFF mechanism aggregates multiscale features with the denoising operation at the stage of visual feature extraction. It can help the encoder-decoder framework, which is widely used in image captioning, to obtain the denoising multiscale feature representation. In experiments, we apply the proposed DMSFF in the encoder-decoder framework and perform the comparative experiments on two public remote sensing image captioning data sets including UC Merced (UCM)-captions and Sydney-captions. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. |
20,633 | Please write an abstract with title: An automatic defects detection system for PV plants with data augmentation, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Adaptation models, Maintenance engineering, Inspection, Generative adversarial networks, Power systems, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Given the huge capacity of solar photovoltaic installed, the operation and maintenance of the photovoltaic plants became a complicated issue. An automatic defects detection method with aerial images for photovoltaic plants is proposed. The method solved two technical problems: (1) an adapted generative adversarial network is designed to augment the size of the limited visible aerial images; (2) Considering the quality of the augmented images, an automatic algorithm is presented to remove the images with poor quality; (3) a deep learning-based model is proposed to classify the photovoltaic modules with visible images. The proposed system can significantly improve the defects detection accuracy and inspection efficiency of photovoltaic plants, which are demonstrated through numerous experiments. |
20,634 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of the readout system for the K2K SciBar detector, and key words: Solid scintillation detectors, Signal generators, Readout electronics, Neutrino sources, Anodes, Printed circuits, Signal design, Relays, Programmable logic devices, Circuit noise. Abstract: Readout electronics for the scintillation bar tracking detector (SciBar) in the K2K neutrino oscillation experiment has been newly developed. Its purpose is to make a readout system for multi-anode photo-multiplier (MAPMT) be compact. A combination of ASICs (VA32HDR11 and TA32CG) is employee to multiplex pulse-height information from each anode of a 64-channel MAPMT and to make a fast triggering signal. A frontend circuit board to be attached to MAPMT is designed to generate biases for ASICs and to relay control signals. A backend electronics module is also newly developed. It is implemented using programmable logic devices and analog devices to generate control signals and digitize multiplexed signals. The system has enough low noise, less than 0.3 photo-electrons and good linearity up to 300 photo-electrons for MAPMTs at the gain of 5/spl times/10/sup 5/. |
20,635 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of an Educational Game Visual Novel Introduction to Traditional Dance Based on Android: Case Study of Typical Dance of Lombok Island, and key words: educational game, visual novel, traditional dance, android. Abstract: This research aims to produce a practical Visual Novel Game learning media. This research is development research with the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method, including 4 stages, namely concept, design, material collection, manufacture, testing, and distribution. The subjects in this study were elementary school students, dance teachers, and songwriters with a purposive sampling technique. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire sheet. The analysis technique uses quantitative descriptive statistics and percentages. The results of testing the functionality of the application from black box testing show the results of the Visual Novel Game learning media are appropriate. The last test on the black box using the User Acceptance Test (UAT) shows the user satisfaction with Visual Novel Game learning media with very good results. The application feasibility results show very good with a percentage of 87.76% and the usability of the application shows very good with a percentage of 90.03%. The visual novel educational game adds insight into the typical dances of Lombok Island with a score of 92%, helps students understand the meaning of the Beriuk Tinjal dance with a score of 92%, and makes learning easy and fun with a score of 92%. |
20,636 | Please write an abstract with title: Verification of Iron Loss Affected by Secondary Frequency in Multi-core Transformer for Frequency Multiplying Circuit, and key words: Windings, Iron, Multiplying circuits, Inductance, Magnetic resonance, Loss measurement. Abstract: This paper verifies the iron loss affected by the secondary frequency in the multi-core transformer for the frequency multiplying circuit. In the frequency multiplying circuit, the secondary frequency component also flows through the primary winding although the transformer is excited by the primary switching frequency, which is one-fifth of the secondary frequency. However, the influence of the secondary frequency to the iron loss of the multi-core transformer in the frequency multiplying circuit has not discussed sufficiently. In this paper, three conditions including a no-load test, a resonant test where the inductance of the secondary side is dominant, and a resonant test where the inductance of the primary side is dominant, are demonstrated in order to verify the influence of the secondary frequency to the exciting voltage and the magnetizing current, that is, the influence of the voltage drop on the primary winding to the iron loss. The iron loss of Mn-Zn ferrite (PC40, TDK) is measured by drawing B (magnetic flux density)-H (magnetic field intensity) curves under the switching frequency is around 200 kHz and the secondary frequency is around 1 MHz. Experimental results verified the increment of the iron loss is 5.1% when the inductance of the secondary side is dominant to the total resonant inductance compared to that in the no-load test. In addition, it is confirmed that the increment of the iron loss is increased by the amplitude of the secondary current. On the other hand, experimental results verified that the secondary frequency significantly affects to the iron loss when the inductance of the primary side is dominant to the total resonant inductance because the voltage drop due to the primary winding's parameters and the secondary frequency component in the primary current occurs. The increment of the iron loss is 35.9% compared to that in a no-load test. From these observations, this paper indicates that placing the resonant inductance at the secondary side is effective for suppressing the influence of the secondary frequency to the iron loss of the multi-core transformer for the frequency multiplying circuit. |
20,637 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent monitoring and control system and control method of intelligent water meter, and key words: Meters, Companies, Big Data, Control systems, Safety, Security, Reliability. Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of household water consumption and reduce leakage, the intelligent water meter and monitoring and control system based on NB-IoT is designed and developed to monitor and analyze the abnormal instrument and equipment and domestic water consumption. Based on the statistics of conventional water consumption, the water consumption law is analyzed and the leakage and abnormal water consumption data is warned. For abnormal water (such as a large amount of water leakage or arrearage) automatic water control, reduce leakage, ensure water safety, improve the efficiency of domestic water and information, intelligent management level. |
20,638 | Please write an abstract with title: Kirigami Structure with a Large Uniform Deformation Region, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Electron traps, Shape, Area measurement, Inorganic light emitting diodes, Substrates, Strain. Abstract: We proposed a new kirigami structure with large area of uniform deformation during stretching deformation. Our proposed kirigami structure in which both ends are deformed from a rectangular to a trapezoidal shape, and almost all the region are uniformly deformed. In order to evaluate the ratio of uniform deformation region, measuring the each area of open cuts of the kirgami structure under stretching deformation. As a result, the ratio of the uniform deformation region is 36.1% in the normal (conventional) kirigami structure is 97.5% in our proposed kirigmai structure, increased the uniform deformation region by 270%. |
20,639 | Please write an abstract with title: AtNE-Trust: Attributed Trust Network Embedding for Trust Prediction in Online Social Networks, and key words: Social networking (online), Fuses, Employment, Decision making, Predictive models, Data models, Data mining. Abstract: Trust relationship prediction among people provides valuable supports for decision making, information dissemination, and product promotion in online social networks. Network embedding has achieved promising performance for link prediction by learning node representations that encode intrinsic network structures. However, most of the existing network embedding solutions cannot effectively capture the properties of a trust network that has directed edges and nodes with in/out links. Furthermore, there usually exist rich user attributes in trust networks, such as ratings, reviews, and the rated/reviewed items, which may exert significant impacts on the formation of trust relationships. It is still lacking a network embedding-based method that can adequately integrate these properties for trust prediction. In this work, we develop an AtNE-Trust model to address these issues. We firstly capture user embedding from both the trust network structures and user attributes. Then we design a deep multi-view representation learning module to further mine and fuse the obtained user embedding. Finally, a trust evaluation module is developed to predict the trust relationships between users. Representation learning and trust evaluation are optimized together to capture high-quality user embedding and make accurate predictions simultaneously. A set of experiments against the real-world datasets demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. |
20,640 | Please write an abstract with title: Polyaniline Nanofibers as Chemiresistive Transducers: Seeded Synthesis, Characterization and DNA Sensing, and key words: Scanning electron microscopy, Transducers, Transmission electron microscopy, DNA, Surface morphology, Real-time systems, Sensors. Abstract: In this paper, seeded synthesis of Polyaniline (PANi) nanofibers, their characterization and use as transducers in chemiresistive DNA sensing have been reported. PANi, among many one-dimensional conductive polymers, has shown great potential as a transducer in chemiresistive biosensing in general and DNA sensing in particular, on account of its natural conductivity, ease of doping and surface functionalization. Herein, PANi nanofibers were synthesized using a seeding method, using single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) seeds. Surface morphology of the thus synthesized nanofibers were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanofibers were surface modified with 2% glutaraldehyde for facilitating probe-DNA immobilization, and the results of the same were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Further, towards analyzing the electrical transport properties of the PANi nanofibers, I-V characteristics were recorded in the applied bias range of −10 V - +10 V, using Agilent B1500A parametric analyzer. As inferred, the I-V response was symmetric about the vertical axis, revealing a crossover between near-Ohmic and power-law dominated regions. As a case study, in this work, the PANi nanofibers were used as transducers for chemiresistive detection of Dengue virus specific consensus primers (DENVCP). |
20,641 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical Simulation of Multispecies Vacuum Arc Subjected to Actual Spatial Magnetic Fields, and key words: Vacuum arcs, Current density, Plasma temperature, Three-dimensional displays, Numerical simulation, Mathematical models. Abstract: A three-dimensional (3-D) model for multispecies vacuum arc considering ionization and recombination process has been built in this article. With the model, the arc behaviors and species characteristics subjected to actual spatial magnetic fields of cup-shaped axial magnetic field (AMF) contact and transverse magnetic field-axial magnetic field (TMF-AMF) contact are investigated and compared. Furthermore, the validity of the model is verified by comparing with the experiments. Simulation results show that contact structures affect the species distributions of the arc by changing magnetic field and current density distributions. More triple charged ions are generated through ionization under higher electron temperature so that the triple charged ions gather where current constricts. The heat flux density is large in the current contraction region, where the contribution from triple charged ions is large as well. Spatial magnetic field distribution affects the Lorentz force acting on ion components. The force distribution is relatively uniform and the species are subject to inward force on the arc edge under cup-shaped AMF contact. For TMF-AMF contact, the double charged ions are subject to the force pointing to the TMF contact arms, whereas the triple charged ions are subject to the force pointing to the arc center. In addition, the consideration of arc species can improve the accuracy of the simulation results of the heat flux distribution, leading to a good agreement of the erosion condition between experiments and simulation. |
20,642 | Please write an abstract with title: A study on design of anti-sway controller for ATC using Neural Network Predictive control, and key words: Neural networks, Predictive control, Cranes, Three-term control, Automatic control, Costs, Control systems, Containers, Productivity, Navigation. Abstract: Recently, an ATC(Automated Transfer Crane) control system is required rapid transportation to get highest productivity with low cost. Therefore, the container paths should be built in terms of the least time and least sway when container is transferred from the initial coordinate to the finial coordinate. So in this paper, we proposed improved navigation method to reduce transfer time and sway with anti-collision path for avoiding collision in its movement to the finial coordinate. And we constructed the NNPPID(Neural Network Predictive PID) controller to control the precise move and speedy navigation. The proposed predictive control system is composed of the Neural Network Predictor, TDOFPID(Two Degree of Freedom PID) controller, and Neural Network self-tuner. We analyzed ATC system and showed some computer simulations to prove excellence of the proposed controller than other conventional controllers. |
20,643 | Please write an abstract with title: An Alternative Body Temperature Measurement Solution: Combination of a Highly Accurate Monitoring System and a Visualized Public Health Cloud Platform, and key words: Temperature measurement, Temperature sensors, Monitoring, Internet of Things, Infectious diseases, Cloud computing. Abstract: To quickly isolate suspected cases to control the epidemics, this study proposes a body temperature monitoring system with a thermography based on the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. The collected data are transmitted to a back-end platform via wireless communication. Using the analyzed data, the platform provides services, such as instant alerts for any anomalies, infectious disease outbreak prediction, and risk level assessment for a given area, and it will be a great help to epidemic prevention. The mean absolute percentage error and root mean square error of the proposed monitoring system under an extensive series of experiments are 0.04% and 0.0204°C, respectively. It shows that the body temperature measured by the thermal imaging sensor in the system can accurately represent the actual body temperature after specific calibrations that take the environmental temperature into account. It can also be expanded to a decision supporting system to help schools or government agencies to make proper decisions to stop the spread of infectious diseases. |
20,644 | Please write an abstract with title: TANet: Target Attention Network for Video Bit-Depth Enhancement, and key words: Spatiotemporal phenomena, Task analysis, Feature extraction, Image reconstruction, Gallium arsenide, Distortion, Three-dimensional displays. Abstract: Video bit-depth enhancement (VBDE) reconstructs high-bit-depth (HBD) frames from a low-bit-depth (LBD) video sequence. As neighboring frames contain a considerable amount of complementary information related to the center frame, it is vital for VBDE to exploit neighboring frames as much as possible. Conventional VBDE algorithms with explicit alignment across frames attempt to warp each neighboring frame to the center frame with estimated optical flow, taking into account only pairwise correlation. Most spatiotemporal fusion approaches involve direct concatenation or 3D convolution and treat all features equally, failing to focus on information related to the center frame. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce an improved nonlocal block as a global attentive alignment (GAA) module, which takes the whole input video sequence into consideration to capture features that are globally correlated, to perform implicit alignment. Furthermore, given the bulk of features extracted from the center and neighboring frames, we propose target-guided attention (TGA). TGA can exploit more center-frame-related details and facilitate feature fusion. The proposed network (dubbed TANet) is capable of effectively eliminating false contours and recovering the center frame in high quality, as demonstrated by the experimental results. TANet outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of both PSNR and SSIM with low time consumption. |
20,645 | Please write an abstract with title: The Spectral Balance: A General Method for Analysis of Nonlinear Microwave Circuits Driven by Non-Harmonically Related Generators, and key words: Microwave theory and techniques, Microwave circuits, Microwave generation, Fourier series, Sampling methods, Low pass filters, Frequency modulation, Band pass filters, Discrete Fourier transforms, Signal analysis. Abstract: A very wide class of non-linear microwave circuits including mixers, oscillators (with their noise generators) and multitone amplifiers, are driven by non-harmonically related signals, and involve very far or closely-spaced frequency components. In this paper an efflcient method is proposed to perform the balance of non-linear circuits driven by non-harmonically related input signals. It may be named: The spectral balance. |
20,646 | Please write an abstract with title: A Three-bit Image Stegnography for Enhancing Image Quality in Medical Application, and key words: Image quality, Steganography, Image coding, Digital images, Medical services, Encryption, Safety. Abstract: In comparison to conventional methods, the internet's infrastructure has undergone enormous advancements. Consequently, special caution and protection are required for the very private medical records of patients. To better the imperceptibility and data-hiding capabilities of steganographic images, we have developed an upgraded approach. Steganography is the art of concealing information and a method used to deny that information is even embedded. It is a more effective method of communication security than encryption, which merely hides the letter's content and not its presence. The original message is concealed within a carrier so that any changes to the payload are imperceptible. In this article, we'll talk about how communications can be concealed using digital images as a carrier. Additionally, the effectiveness of several steganography tools is examined in this research. A helpful technology for secret data transmission via a communication platform is steganography. The concealed imaging is produced by fusing the carrier image and secret image. It is challenging to find the hidden images without retrieving. |
20,647 | Please write an abstract with title: Exact uncertainty compensation of linear systems by continuous fixed-time output-feedback controller, and key words: Linear systems, Uncertainty, Simulation, Observers, Control systems, Convergence. Abstract: This paper studies the fixed-time output-feedback control for a class of linear systems subject to matched uncertainties. To estimate the uncertainties and system states, we design a composite observer which consists of a high-order sliding mode observer and a Luenberger observer. Then, a robust output-feedback controller with fixed-time convergence guarantee is constructed. Rigorous theoretical proof shows that with the proposed controller, the system states can converge to zero in fixed-time free of the initial conditions. Finally, simulation comparison with existing algorithms is given. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller in terms of its fixed-time convergence and perfect disturbance rejection. |
20,648 | Please write an abstract with title: Laser-triggered water switching, and key words: Electric breakdown, Laser beams, Switches, Power measurement, Power lasers, Raman scattering, Light scattering, Optical refraction, Lenses, Laser excitation. Abstract: We are experimentally exploring the use of lasers as a method of command triggering high-voltage water switches, by focusing the laser light to a breakdown arc in pure water. We are using Nd-YAG laser radiation at 1064 nm and its harmonics at 532, 355, and 266 nm. We report a measured breakdown threshold of 1.4 /spl times/ 10/sup 10/W/cm/sup 2/ at 532 nm, a power level that is easy to achieve with commercially-available lasers. The breakdown threshold is an order of magnitude higher for 1064 nm or 355 nm light. Scattering of the laser beam by laser-induced index of refraction gradients is noticeable at 532 nm and becomes an increasing problem at shorter wavelengths, preventing us from breaking down water at all at 266 nm. We produced breakdown arcs more than 4-cm in length by focusing 75 mJ of 532 nm laser energy in water with a 29-cm-focal-length lens. In addition to the breakdown arcs, we note that focusing 532-nm light into pure water vibrationally excites the water, causing the generation of coherent beams of red Raman-shifted radiation. The vibrationally-excited columns of water are readily visible as they emit red light in all directions. Some of the vibrationally-excited water columns we observed were over 30 cm long. |
20,649 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of integration of ACBL and AOCC caching algorithms, and key words: Programmable control, Adaptive control, Concurrency control, Computer science, Detection algorithms, Database systems, Object detection, Throughput, Network servers, Telecommunication traffic. Abstract: Transactional caching algorithms proposed for object database management systems (ODBMSs) have been classified into detection and avoidance categories, depending on whether they allow access to stale data. Although studies have shown that in most situations the leading detection-based algorithms tend to outperform those that use avoidance, most ODBMSs use a variation of the leading avoidance-based algorithm because detection algorithms in certain situations lead to abort rates that are unacceptable for some, typically interactive, applications. The Interoperable Server-side Caching (ISCT) algorithm allows both types of algorithms to interoperate in the same environment while being supported by an interoperable server. Clients use either the leading detection-based algorithm, called Adaptive Optimistic Concurrency Control (AOCC), or the leading avoidance-based algorithm, called Adaptive Call-Back Locking (ACBL). The caching operations of the client-side algorithms are not affected - only the server-side is adapted to interoperate with both types of clients. This paper presents the results of performance evaluation that compares the three algorithms under various loads. Evaluation shows that the interoperable server-side caching algorithm increases throughput in environments where some applications can use the high-throughput AOCC algorithm while other applications use a detection-based ACBL algorithm. To compare the algorithms a new workloads, in which different applications exhibit different server load characteristics, were developed. |
20,650 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection of THz radiation with Schottky photoconductive antenna, and key words: Radiation detectors, Photoconductivity, Optical pulse generation, Surface emitting lasers, Pump lasers, Probes, Schottky barriers, Laser excitation, Optical pulses, Semiconductor diodes. Abstract: Detection of rectified THz signal with an asymmetric photoconductive antenna, which has a Schottky contact on one side and an ohmic contact on the other side of photoconductive gap, is reported. The rectification effect is attributed to the Schottky barrier at the interface of the metal contact and the semiconductor substrate. The Schottky photoconductive antenna is useful for THz imaging and sensing applications because it enables us to detect the intensity THz radiation without scanning the time-delay at the cost of the spectral information. |
20,651 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Analysis of Ferroresonance and Arc High Impedance Grounding Fault in High Voltage Transmission Line, and key words: Resistance, Ferromagnetic resonance, Fault diagnosis, Analytical models, Power transmission lines, Grounding, Ferroresonance. Abstract: Ferroresonance fault and arc high resistance grounding fault often occur in power system. The arc and excitation inductance in the two faults show nonlinear characteristics, resulting in the diversity of fault characteristics, which makes the traditional detection and identification methods invalid. Therefore, this paper models and analyzes the ferromagnetic resonance and arc high resistance grounding faults of transmission lines, simulates the electromagnetic transient of the two faults based on PSCAD software, and realizes the characteristic analysis of time-domain waveform, Volt-ampere characteristic curve and Fourier spectrum of the two faults. |
20,652 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of moisture migration on surface discharge on oil-pressboard of power transformers under cooling, and key words: Oils, Partial discharges, Moisture, Temperature measurement, Insulation, Cooling, Power transformers. Abstract: In this paper, the PD properties of an ester oil/PB and a mineral oil/PB system undergoing a moisture transient are investigated using a needle-plane electrode under natural cooling. The temperature, moisture concentration and water activity of the oil are continuously monitored. Moreover, an improved moisture diffusion model is developed by using COMSOL Multiphysics to verify the experimental results. The measurement results show that there is a sharp reduction of partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) or a sudden increase of PD intensity in the process of natural cooling for both ester oil and mineral oil system. However, the PDs extinguish gradually after the occurrence of the minimum of PDIV. For the cooling mode selected in this study, the minimum of PDIV for the ester oil system appears in the third hour after cooling begins, while it is about in the second hour for the mineral oil system. In addition, the simulation results are consistent with the experimental data. |
20,653 | Please write an abstract with title: An RMS-based Approach for Leak Monitoring in Noisy Industrial Pipelines, and key words: Training, Sensitivity, Pipelines, Oil refineries, Noise measurement, Transient analysis, Root mean square. Abstract: A method for leak monitoring of noisy industrial pipelines is proposed in this work. This method is based on evaluating a single feature, the root mean square of the acquired acoustic signal of a pipeline and relies on defining updateable thresholds based on the previously acquired values. If at any point, these values increase above the active threshold, a check routine is performed to identify if that event was transient and short-term. The presence of a leak can be modeled through this procedure as a long-term increase in the acquired rms values. The algorithm behind the operation is associated with a set of parameters, that are adjustable in such a way that the system can adapt to the transient noise characteristics of the pipeline under inspection. These parameters can be fine-tuned based only on noise measurements without the need for a training phase with artificially generated leaks. The algorithm can begin operating after only a reference noise measurement during its initialization. The proposed algorithm's overall accuracy was evaluated with measurements performed on an operating pipeline in the facilities of an oil refinery. |
20,654 | Please write an abstract with title: Security Baseline Evaluation and Standard Research of Power Intelligent Internet of Things Terminal, and key words: Power measurement, Network security, Inspection, Power grids, Software, Power industry, Safety. Abstract: The power Internet of Things is the evolution direction of the power industry. While improving the convenience of power grid operation, it also brings emerging network security risks to traditional industries. Baseline assessment is based on a set of minimum security requirements specification sets as a method to grasp the security status of information systems. The application of security baseline assessment in the Internet of Things is still few. This article first studies the security standards of the Internet of Things, establishes a security baseline, designs a set of security baseline evaluation models for power intelligent Internet of Things terminals, and gives the operation process and scoring algorithm. The analysis result shows that our method is suitable for security evaluation of power intelligent internet of things terminal. |
20,655 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart Contract-Based Spectrum Sharing Transactions for Multi-Operators Wireless Communication Networks, and key words: Blockchain, Wireless communication, Smart contracts, Security, Resource management, Bandwidth, Privacy. Abstract: Multiple-operators (multi-OPs) spectrum sharing mechanism can effectively improve the spectrum utilization in fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication networks. The secondary users are introduced to opportunistically access the licensed spectrum of idle operators (OPs). However, the identity privacy and data security issues raise great concerns about the secure spectrum sharing among multi-OPs. To address these challenges, a permissioned blockchain trust framework is proposed for the spectrum sharing in multi-OPs wireless communication networks in this paper. The Multi-OPs Spectrum Sharing (MOSS) smart contract is designed on the constructed permissioned blockchain to implement the spectrum trading among multi-OPs. Without the need of trustless spectrum broker, the MOSS smart contract enforces multi-OPs to share the spectrum truthfully and designs a punishment mechanism to punish malicious OPs. The MOSS smart contract is tested on the Remix integrated development environment (IDE) and the gas costs of MOSS smart contract is estimated. The performance analysis of the proposed permissioned blockchain trust framework demonstrates that the privacy, openness and fairness of the proposed solution are better than traditional spectrum allocation solutions. |
20,656 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a new cooperative harmonic filtering strategy for the distributed generation systems, and key words: Power harmonic filters, Filtering, Distributed control, Power system reliability, Power electronics, Power system harmonics, Pollution, Reactive power, Laboratories, Testing. Abstract: The increasing demand of premium electric power, in terms of quality and reliability, and the emerging new energy technologies have led to the development of distributed generation systems. With the penetration of power electronics equipments growing rapidly, it can be expected that a large portion of the load within the distributed generation system is nonlinear in nature, and the resulting harmonics pollution needs to be addressed. This paper proposes a new cooperative harmonic filtering strategy for the interface converters of distributed generation sources. A droop relationship between the harmonic filtering command and the harmonic VAr consumption of each interface converter is established in the proposed strategy so that the overall harmonic filtering workload can be evenly shared without any communications. The operation principle is explained in this paper. Simulation and laboratory test results are provided to validate the distributed harmonic damping capability of the proposed strategy. |
20,657 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic and Accurate Measurement of Microhardness Profile Based on Image Processing, and key words: Feature extraction, Photomicrography, Material properties, Measurement, Image processing, Robustness. Abstract: The micro/nanohardness profile has been extensively used in manufacturing to understand material properties from external surfaces to internal material. The microhardness profile requires the indentation dimension and depth measurements. Dimension measurement in most cases is interfered by noise, texture, or defects, while depth identification asks for accurate stitching of local micrographs and recognition of tilted machined surfaces. However, few commercial microhardness testers can address the issues, while the manual measurement is limited by low robustness and efficiency. To fill this gap, this paper proposes an automatic and accurate measurement method of microhardness profile based on image processing. The method can stitch local micrographs, recognize indentation dimensions and depths, generate the microhardness profile, and analyze the material property with only one click. Experiments proved the method enjoys high accuracy, automation, and robustness. |
20,658 | Please write an abstract with title: Hierarchical stream aggregates: querying nested stream sessions, and key words: Aggregates, Object oriented modeling, Portals, Communication system security, Real time systems, Databases, Wireless application protocol, Monitoring, Technology management, Environmental economics. Abstract: This article identifies an interesting class of applications where stream sessions may be organized into a hierarchical fashion - i.e. sessions may consist of sub-sessions. We argue that data streams of this kind have rich procedural semantics - i.e. behavior - and therefore a semantically rich model should be used: a session may be defined by opening and closing conditions, may have data and methods and may consist of sub-sessions. We propose a simple conceptual model based on the notion of "session" similar to a class in an object-oriented environment having lifetime semantics. Queries on top of this schema can be formulated via HSA (hierarchical stream aggregate) expressions. |
20,659 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Analysis of Consequent-Pole Permanent Magnet Vernier Machines with Different Rotor-Types, and key words: Magnetic flux, Analytical models, Torque, Atmospheric modeling, Rotors, Bridge circuits, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: To reduce magnet usage, this paper focuses on the comparative study of consequent-pole permanent magnet vernier (CP-PMV) machines with SPM and IPM, referred to as the CP-SPMV and CP-IPMV machines, respectively. Performances including back-EMF and torque density with respect to different pole ratios are comprehensively investigated. In addition, the analytical models of the proposed machines are built based on the simple magneto-motive-force permeance method, to investigate harmonic components of the airgap flux density and the back-EMF. Through finite element analysis (FEA) and analytical models, several PMV machines with the same dimension restriction but different rotor types and pole ratios are designed and compared. According to the comparison, the torque density of CP-IPMV machines with spoke-array magnets and alternative flux bridges is the maximum, while the torque per unit magnet volume of the CP-SPMV machine is the largest. Finally, two SPMV machines with CP and RP pole types are prototyped and tested to validate the theoretical and FEA analyses. |
20,660 | Please write an abstract with title: Sequence detection and adaptive channel estimation for ISI channels under class-a impulsive noise, and key words: Channel estimation, Intersymbol interference, Gaussian noise, Frequency estimation, Maximum likelihood detection, Maximum likelihood estimation, Fading, Entropy, Adaptive algorithm, Analysis of variance. Abstract: In this paper, sequence detection and channel estimation for frequency-selective, intersymbol interference (ISI)-producing channels under Class-A impulsive noise are considered. We introduce a novel suboptimum sequence detection (SSD) scheme and show that although SSD employs a simplified metric, it achieves practically the same performance as maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD). For both SSD and MLSD, a lower bound on the achievable performance is derived, which is similar to the classical matched-filter bound for frequency-selective (fading) channels under Gaussian noise. For channel estimation, we adopt a minimum entropy criterion and derive efficient least-mean-entropy and recursive least-entropy algorithms. For both adaptive algorithms, we analyze the steady-state channel-estimation error variance. Theoretical considerations and simulation results show that in Class-A impulsive noise, the proposed sequence detection and adaptive channel-estimation schemes yield significant performance gains over their respective conventional counterparts (designed for Gaussian noise). Although the novel algorithms require knowledge of the Class-A noise-model parameters, their computational complexity is comparable to that of the corresponding conventional algorithms. |
20,661 | Please write an abstract with title: Die attach film application in multi die stack package, and key words: Microassembly, Packaging, Productivity, Costs, Robustness, Materials reliability, Rheology, Thickness control, Wafer bonding, Substrates. Abstract: The trend for package miniaturization has created challenges to conventional die attach process. When wafers need to be thinned down beyond 100 mum, challenges in die attach process become great and die attach paste may not be suitable in most cases [Paydenkar, 2004]. The selection of die attach material becomes critical to ensure package robustness and reliability. When die paddle of a package is reduced to less than 0.3mm, the control of bleed out of paste becomes critical. The rheology of paste results in creeping of the material to the edge of die and contaminate the bonding pad when the die is placed and seated upon a certain amount of dispensed paste. New generation of die attach material has been introduced amid this complication, die attach film (DAF) is commonly used for thin die stacked package (< 100 mum). DAF replaces paste in stacked packages for its good control of paste bleed, creeping effect to die edge and also consistent bondline thickness (BLT) at desired thickness. New generation of DAF tape incorporates wafer dicing tape and adhesive in one, namely the dicing die attach film (DDAF), which is mounted onto the back of wafer. The wafer which is mounted with DDAF was diced into the predetermined die size and the diced chip was picked and placed directly to a leadframe or substrate with adhesive at the back . Today, DDAF has been proved to reduce manufacturing process steps and improve productivity. The gain in productivity has improved total package cost, irrespective of the higher material cost when conventional die attach paste is replaced by DDAF |
20,662 | Please write an abstract with title: A Study on the Implementation of Integrating Online Learning (Fully and Blended Forms) and its Quality Assurance in Jordanian Universities, and key words: Quality assurance, Education, Accreditation, Hybrid learning, Information technology. Abstract: The study aims to identify the readiness of Jordanian higher education institutions for online learning, and the extent to which online learning was provided and applied in its both forms, namely: fully online learning, and blended learning, with the ultimate goal to be a part of the educational/learning system in Jordanian higher education institutions. The study also aims to determine the percentages of achievement at the level of fully online learning and blended learning in Jordanian universities. The study includes a specification of the components relevant to online learning, the percentages of achievement for each component, and the most important actions that should be taken by universities to achieve them. The study concludes with a set of results that will benefit decision-makers in the Accreditation and Quality Assurance Commission for Higher Education Institutions (AQACHEI), the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MOHESR), and Jordanian higher education institutions. The aim is to benefit the integration of online learning within the Jordanian higher education system in an effective manner that achieves high levels of educational quality for online learning in its both forms and ensure the desired shift in the performance of Jordanian higher education institutions and the quality of its output, keeping pace with global developments in this field. |
20,663 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of electromagnetic scattering from a periodic array of circular cylinders embedded in a magnetized ferrite slab, and key words: Electromagnetic analysis, Magnetic analysis, Electromagnetic scattering, Ferrites, Slabs, Optical scattering, Engine cylinders, Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Particle scattering. Abstract: A very efficient and accurate approach to analyze the two-dimensional electromagnetic scattering from a periodic array of circular cylinders embedded in a magnetized ferrite slab is presented, using the lattice sums formula. Numerical examples show that this structure can be applied to an ideal polarization splitter and an electrically controlled switch. |
20,664 | Please write an abstract with title: The Role of Individual Edges in Edge Controllability of Complex Networks, and key words: Controllability, Complex networks, Switches, Analytical models, Probability distribution, Erbium, Damping. Abstract: Dynamical processes occurring on edges of complex networks are relevant to many real situations. Controlling the edge dynamics is a fundamental challenge in network science. Inspired by recent advances in the edge controllability theories, we explore the role of individual edges in the edge controllability by classifying each edge into one of three categories: critical, redundant, and intermittent. An analytical framework is developed to identify the category of each edge, leading to the discovery that the proportions of three types of edges are to a great extent encoded by the degree distribution, and are affected by the in- and out-degree correlation. In addition, we propose the probability distribution of intermittent edges, and find that the probability distribution has multimodality, which is common in model and real networks. |
20,665 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel DDM Based on Full Basis Functions Division for Solving Electromagnetic Scattering, and key words: Couplings, Surface impedance, Electromagnetic scattering, Memory management, Stability analysis, Numerical models, Numerical stability. Abstract: A novel domain decomposition method based on Full Basis Function division (FBF-DDM) is proposed to analyze scattering problems from electrically large and complex perfect electric conductor (PEC) targets. Specially, the original model surface is divided into several open subdomains according to the distribution of basis functions, and it is not necessary to add artificial surface or buffer region between adjacent subdomains. Meanwhile, the single-layer toothed triangular mesh cells located on one side of the boundary line between adjacent subdomains is shared by these two adjacent subdomains to ensure the integrity of basis functions. For the purpose of improving the simulation accuracy, each subdomain is solved independently by using LU decomposition. Furthermore, the coupling between different subdomains is calculated in the manner of near field to avoid the storage of mutual impedance matrix, and thus, the memory requirement is reduced greatly. Numerical results demonstrate the validity and the stability of the proposed method. |
20,666 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonreciprocal left-handed microstrip lines using ferrite substrate, and key words: Microstrip, Ferrites, Permeability, Capacitance, Saturation magnetization, Frequency, Dielectric substrates, Strips, Electromagnetic scattering, Magnetic fields. Abstract: A ferrite left-handed transmission line has been proposed and investigated for the first time, which is composed of a ferrite microstrip line loaded periodically with capacitances and inductances. The nonreciprocal transmission characteristics with the isolation of greater than 20 dB are numerically obtained by finite element method and demonstrated experimentally in the positive and negative permeability frequency region for edge guided modes when the passband in the left-handed transmission overlaps with the negative permeability frequency region. |
20,667 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of 2.87 GHz Frequency Synthesizer with Programmable Sweep for Diamond Color Defect based CMOS Quantum Sensing Applications, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Phase noise, Microwave measurement, Sensitivity, Magnetometers, Diamonds, CMOS technology. Abstract: Recently, diamond color defect based quantum sensing applications such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center magnetometry have emerged in CMOS technology, which use optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) for sensing magnetic field strengths $(|\tilde{\mathrm{B}}|)$ from different environmental physical quantities. For ODMR based sensing, CMOS quantum sensors seek an onchip 2.87 GHz microwave (MW) signal generator. Moreover, in order to sense smaller $|\tilde{\mathrm{B}}|$, these CMOS quantum sensors also require that MW signal should be swept with sufficiently small step-size near 2.87 GHz. In this work, we present a fractional-N synthesizer based 2.87 GHz MW-generator (MWG) with an extremely small programmable sweep step-size for improved sensitivity of $|\tilde{\mathrm{B}}|$ measurements in CMOS NV magnetometry. The proposed MWG is implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology and simulations were done to validate the proposed design. Post-layout simulation results show that the proposed MWG achieves a minimum sweep-step size of 50 kHz, which can be used to sense $|\tilde{\mathrm{B}}|\lt 0.9\;\mu \mathrm{T}$ and exhibits a phase noise of −114.5 dBc/Hz at an offset of 1 MHz near 2.87 GHz center frequency. |
20,668 | Please write an abstract with title: A clinical water-coated antenna applicator for MR-controlled deep-body hyperthermia: a comparison of calculated and measured 3-D temperature data sets, and key words: Temperature measurement, Applicators, Hyperthermia, Antenna measurements, Magnetic resonance, Dipole antennas, Finite difference methods, Time domain analysis, Hermetic seals, Imaging phantoms. Abstract: A magnetic resonance (MR)-compatible three-dimensional (3-D) hyperthermia applicator was developed and evaluated in the magnetic resonance (MR) tomograph Siemens MAGNETOM Symphony 1.5 T. Radiating elements of this applicator are 12 so-called water coated antenna (WACOA) modules, which are designed as specially shaped and adjustable dipole structures in hermetically closed cassettes that are filled by deionized water. The WACOA modules are arranged in the applicator frame in two transversal antenna subarrays, six antennas per subarray. As a standard load for the applicator an inhomogeneous phantom was fabricated. Details of applicator's realization are presented and a 3-D comparison of calculated and measured temperature data sets is made. A fair agreement is achieved that demonstrates the numerically supported applicator's ability of phase-defined 3-D pattern steering. Further refinement of numerical models and measuring methods is necessary. The applicator's design and the E-field calculations were performed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The calculation and optimization of temperature patterns was obtained using the finite element method (FEM). For MR temperature measurements the proton resonance frequency (PRF) method was used. |
20,669 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of radar pulse compression techniques, and key words: Pulse compression methods, Pulse modulation, Doppler radar, Signal resolution, Filters, Object detection, Radar signal processing, Radar clutter, Radar tracking, Doppler shift. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide an introduction to principle behind the pulse compression radar. Pulse compression is an important signal processing technique used in radar system to reduce the peak power of a radar pulse by increasing the length of pulse, without sacrificing the range resolution associated with a shorter pulse. In this paper, the pulse compression technique will be described and compared. |
20,670 | Please write an abstract with title: ELLE-ments of Learning: A Framework for Analyzing Multimodal Technical Communication Strategies in an Educational VR Game, and key words: Games, Virtual reality, Professional communication. Abstract: This paper provides a brief overview of technical communication following Peirce's [2] firstness (aesthetics), secondness (action promotion), and thirdness (explicit explanation), and identifies each of these categories in an educational language learning virtual reality (VR) game created at a university, ELLE-ments of Learning. The framework described here can help game researchers better understand, evaluate, and discuss the ways in which games communicate with players and can also be used by game designers and developers to ensure their games convey important and complicated information to players effectively in each of Peirce's three categories. |
20,671 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical Comparisons of Linear Power Flow Approximations: Optimality, Feasibility, and Computation Time, and key words: Reactive power, Computational modeling, Linear approximation, Voltage, Transforms, Mathematical models, Numerical models. Abstract: Linear approximations of the AC power flow equations are of great significance for the computational efficiency of large-scale optimal power flow (OPF) problems. Put differently, the feasibility of the obtained solution is essential for practical use cases of OPF. However, most studies focus on approximation error and come short of comprehensively studying the AC feasibility of different linear approximations of power flow. This paper discusses the merits of widely-used linear approximations of active power in OPF problems. The advantages and disadvantages of the linearized models are discussed with respect to four criteria; accuracy of the linear approximation, optimality, feasibility, and computation time. Each method is tested on five different systems. |
20,672 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated Question Answering From Lecture Videos: NLP vs. Pattern Matching, and key words: Videos, Pattern matching, Educational programs, Natural language processing, Learning systems, Natural languages, Speech, Automatic testing, Electronic learning, Knowledge management. Abstract: This paper explores the feasibility of automated question answering from lecture video materials used in conjunction with PowerPoint slides. Two popular approaches to question answering are discussed, each separately tested on the text extracted from videotaped lectures: 1) the approach based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) and 2) a self-learning probabilistic pattern matching approach. The results of the comparison and our qualitative observations are presented. The advantages and shortcomings of each approach are discussed in the context of video applications for e-learning or knowledge management. |
20,673 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-intrusive modeling for integrated energy system based on two-stage GAN, and key words: Databases, Frequency-domain analysis, Games, Generative adversarial networks, Generators, Data models, Energy management. Abstract: Generally, an accurate model can describe the operating states of a system more effectively and provide a more reliable theoretical basis for the system optimization and control. Different from the traditional intrusive modeling, a non-intrusive modeling method based on two-stage generative adversarial network (TS-GAN) is proposed for integrated energy system (IES). By using this method, non-intrusive modeling for the IES including photovoltaic, wind power, energy storage, and energy coupling equipment can be carried out. First, the characteristics of IES are analyzed and extracted based on the meteorological data, energy output, and energy price, and then the characteristic database is established. Meanwhile, the loads are classified as uncontrollable loads and schedulable loads based on frequency domain decomposition to facilitate energy management. Furthermore, TS-GAN algorithm based on the Stackelberg game is designed. In the TS-GAN, the first-stage GAN is used to generate the operating data of each equipment identified by non-invasive monitoring, and the second-stage GAN distinguishes the accumulated data generated by first-stage GAN and further modifies the generator models of the first-stage GAN. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by the simulation of an energy region. |
20,674 | Please write an abstract with title: Coronary Artery Disease prediction using Machine Learning Techniques, and key words: Heart, Adaptation models, Computational modeling, Support vector machine classification, Medical services, Predictive models, Boosting. Abstract: Cardiovascular disease prediction in the field of clinical record diagnosis is difficult. In the healthcare sector, there is a massive volume of data. Machine learning helps individuals make better choices and forecasts by transforming massive amounts of raw information from the healthcare system into realities. The existing study employed a wide range of machine learning based are used to forecast coronary problems including logistic models, decision trees, neural networks, and so on. The proposed system detects coronary heart disease based on boosting methods, a machine learning methodology. The dataset considered for the work is Framingham datasets with 4238 instances and 14 attributes. To improve the system's efficiency, a Feature- Selector optimization model that included a recursive feature elimination and Boruto method choose the best subset of coronary heart disease traits. Then random over-sampling and SMOTE, an extremely effective optimized model-based technique to handle a problem of imbalanced data. For classifications, Random forest, Decision tree, gradient boosting, Adaptive boosting, and Support vector model are performed. The system seems to have an accuracy of 88% for the recursive feature elimination method with the random forest model. |
20,675 | Please write an abstract with title: Smoothing Adversarial Training for GNN, and key words: Training, Smoothing methods, Robustness, Topology, Data models, Task analysis, Predictive models. Abstract: Recently, a graph neural network (GNN) was proposed to analyze various graphs/networks, which has been proven to outperform many other network analysis methods. However, it is also shown that such state-of-the-art methods suffer from adversarial attacks, i.e., carefully crafted adversarial networks with slight perturbation on clean one may invalid these methods on lots of applications, such as network embedding, node classification, link prediction, and community detection. Adversarial training has been testified as an efficient defense strategy against adversarial attacks in computer vision and graph mining. However, almost all the algorithms based on adversarial training focus on global defense through overall adversarial training. In a more practical scene, certain users would be targeted to attack, i.e., specific labeled users. It is still a challenge to defend against target node attack by existing adversarial training methods. Therefore, we propose smoothing adversarial training (SAT) to improve the robustness of GNNs. In particular, we analytically investigate the robustness of graph convolutional network (GCN), one of the classic GNNs, and propose two smooth defensive strategies: smoothing distillation and smoothing cross-entropy loss function. Both of them smooth the gradients of GCN and, consequently, reduce the amplitude of adversarial gradients, benefiting gradient masking from attackers in both global attack and target label node attack. The comprehensive experiments on five real-world networks testify that the proposed SAT method shows state-of-the-art defensibility against different adversarial attacks on node classification and community detection. Especially, the average attack success rate of different attack methods can be decreased by about 40% by SAT at the cost of tolerable embedding performance decline of the original network. |
20,676 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy sliding mode control for inverted pendulum swing-up with restricted travel, and key words: Fuzzy control, Sliding mode control, Automatic control, Samarium, Testing, Control systems, Piecewise linear techniques, Friction, Nonlinear control systems, Gain. Abstract: Swinging up an inverted pendulum is a common benchmark task for the investigation of automatic control techniques. In this paper we introduce a new Fuzzy Sliding Mode (FSM) technique for swinging-up an inverted pendulum and controlling the connected cart, while minimizing the swing-up time, the cart travel and the required control action. The FSM technique adopted is based on a piecewise linear sliding manifold that is bent towards the far off zones of the pole phase plane, thus enabling the reduction of the control action. Further, in order to limit the cart overshoot two variable gains were inserted in the cart controller. We tested our technique both on a nonlinear model, including friction, and on a lab equipment: we report both on the upwards stabilization and swing-up. The pendulum upwards equilibrium point was made globally stable. |
20,677 | Please write an abstract with title: Fluid motion induced by electromagnetic forces on free surfaces, and key words: Electromagnetic forces, Magnetic fields, Inductors, Magnetic liquids, Shape, Stress, Motion analysis, Finite element methods, Electromagnetic analysis, Magnetic analysis. Abstract: We study the shaping, by a MHD process applied to liquid metals, of cruciform section cylinders. The two-dimensional problem comes from the equilibrium between the magnetic pressure forces created by a quadripolar inductor and the surface tension stress. We summarize first calculation of the equilibrium shape, with a variational method where the function of energy of the system is minimized. Then we study the effect of the electromagnetic forces, which gives the fluid a recirculating motion, by a finite element analysis. |
20,678 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploiting manifold geometry in hyperspectral imagery, and key words: Geometry, Hyperspectral imaging, Geophysics computing, Standards development, Computational efficiency, Testing, Data compression, Noise reduction. Abstract: A new algorithm for exploiting the nonlinear structure of hyperspectral imagery is developed and compared against the de facto standard of linear mixing. This new approach seeks a manifold coordinate system that preserves geodesic distances in the high-dimensional hyperspectral data space. Algorithms for deriving manifold coordinates, such as isometric mapping (ISOMAP), have been developed for other applications. ISOMAP guarantees a globally optimal solution, but is computationally practical only for small datasets because of computational and memory requirements. Here, we develop a hybrid technique to circumvent ISOMAP's computational cost. We divide the scene into a set of smaller tiles. The manifolds derived from the individual tiles are then aligned and stitched together to recomplete the scene. Several alignment methods are discussed. This hybrid approach exploits the fact that ISOMAP guarantees a globally optimal solution for each tile and the presumed similarity of the manifold structures derived from different tiles. Using land-cover classification of hyperspectral imagery in the Virginia Coast Reserve as a test case, we show that the new manifold representation provides better separation of spectrally similar classes than one of the standard linear mixing models. Additionally, we demonstrate that this technique provides a natural data compression scheme, which dramatically reduces the number of components needed to model hyperspectral data when compared with traditional methods such as the minimum noise fraction transform. |
20,679 | Please write an abstract with title: The role of artificial intelligence and autonomous systems in the decision-making center of the US mosaic war, and key words: Human computer interaction, Command and control systems, Autonomous systems, Military computing, Decision making, Force, Process control. Abstract: On February 11, 2020, the Center for Strategic and Budget Evaluation of the United States released the report “Mosaic War: Using Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems to Implement Decision-Making Warfare”. In response to the strategic competition of major powers, the report recommends that the US Department of Defense abandon the current concept of war of attrition as the center and adopt decision-centered warfare. The report analyzed the necessity and basic connotation of the implementation of decision-centered warfare, pointed out that the development of artificial intelligence and autonomous systems created conditions for the implementation of decision-centered warfare, and analyzed the force design required to realize the decision-making center warfare represented by mosaic warfare. In addition, Command and control process changes. |
20,680 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Saturation and Scaling on the Field Weakening Performance of an Interior PM Machine, and key words: Inverters, Torque, Tools, Saturation magnetization, Propulsion, Geometry, Couplings. Abstract: If magnetic saturation is neglected, powerful visual tools exist for understanding field weakening in interior permanent magnet machines (IPMs). However, saturation can severely reduce field weakening performance. This is of concern in electric vehicle propulsion, where compact machines operate short-term at high power over a wide speed range. This paper shows how finite element results, including saturation, can be interpreted in established visual tools. This aids deeper understanding of field weakening in IPMs with significant saturation. Further, scaling laws for finite element results are shown to preserve field weakening performance. This allows analysis of machine peak performance over a range of maximum currents, with varying saturation severity, while scaling ensures precise fulfilment of torque and power requirements. Ultimately, this combination of current variation and scaling can be used to identify the trade-off between inverter rating and machine volume, with finite element analysis accuracy, for any specific application and IPM geometry. |
20,681 | Please write an abstract with title: Combining Auto-Encoder with LSTM for WiFi-Based Fingerprint Positioning, and key words: Deep learning, Machine learning algorithms, Fingerprint recognition, Predictive models, Feature extraction, Data models, Windows. Abstract: Although indoor positioning has long been investigated by various means, its accuracy remains concern. Several recent studies have applied machine learning algorithms to explore wireless fidelity (WiFi)-based positioning. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning model which concatenates an auto-encoder with a long short term memory (LSTM) network for the purpose of WiFi fingerprint positioning. We first employ an auto-encoder to extract representative latent codes of fingerprints. Such an extraction is proven to be more reliable than simply using a deep neural network to extract representative features since a latent code can be reverted back to its original input. Then, a sequence of latent codes are injected into an LSTM network to identify location. To assess the accuracy and effectiveness of our model, we perform extensive real-life experiments. |
20,682 | Please write an abstract with title: A statistical wisp model and pseudophysical approaches for interactive hairstyle generation, and key words: Hair, Deformable models, Gravity, Solid modeling, Shape, Humans, Computational geometry, Elasticity, Facial animation, Shafts. Abstract: This work presents an interactive technique that produces static hairstyles by generating individual hair strands of the desired shape and color, subject to the presence of gravity and collisions. A variety of hairstyles can be generated by adjusting the wisp parameters, while the deformation is solved efficiently, accounting for the effects of gravity and collisions. Wisps are generated employing statistical approaches. As for hair deformation, we propose a method which is based on physical simulation concepts, but is simplified to efficiently solve the static shape of hair. On top of the statistical wisp model and the deformation solver, a constraint-based styler is proposed to model artificial features that oppose the natural flow of hair under gravity and hair elasticity, such as a hairpin. Our technique spans a wider range of human hairstyles than previously proposed methods and the styles generated by this technique are fairly realistic. |
20,683 | Please write an abstract with title: Evolutionary algorithms for multiobjective and multimodal optimization of diagnostic schemes, and key words: Evolutionary computation, Medical diagnostic imaging, Atrial fibrillation, Constraint optimization, Electronic mail, Medical services, Biomedical equipment, Medical diagnosis, Telematics, Computer architecture. Abstract: This paper addresses the optimization of noninvasive diagnostic schemes using evolutionary algorithms in medical applications based on the interpretation of biosignals. A general diagnostic methodology using a set of definable characteristics extracted from the biosignal source followed by the specific diagnostic scheme is presented. In this framework, multiobjective evolutionary algorithms are used to meet not only classification accuracy but also other objectives of medical interest, which can be conflicting. Furthermore, the use of both multimodal and multiobjective evolutionary optimization algorithms provides the medical specialist with different alternatives for configuring the diagnostic scheme. Some application examples of this methodology are described in the diagnosis of a specific cardiac disorder-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. |
20,684 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comprehensive Review of Security-constrained Unit Commitment, and key words: Optimization, Mathematical models, Standards, Power systems, Costs, Heuristic algorithms, Spinning. Abstract: Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) has been extensively studied as a key decision-making tool to determine optimal power generation schedules in the operation of electricity market. With the development of emerging power grids, fruitful research results on SCUC have been obtained. Therefore, it is essential to review current work and propose future directions for SCUC to meet the needs of developing power systems. In this paper, the basic mathematical model of the standard SCUC is summarized, and the characteristics and application scopes of common solution algorithms are presented. Customized models focusing on diverse mathematical properties are then categorized and the corresponding solving methodologies are discussed. Finally, research trends in the field are prospected based on a summary of the state-of-the-art and latest studies. It is hoped that this paper can be a useful reference to support theoretical research and practical applications of SCUC in the future. |
20,685 | Please write an abstract with title: Modelling and analysis of p-time event graphs in the (min, max, +) algebra, and key words: Algebra, Petri nets, Discrete event systems, Flexible manufacturing systems, Multiprocessing systems, Road transportation, Control system synthesis, Network synthesis, Upper bound, Equations. Abstract: P-time Petri nets can represent the dynamic behaviour of discrete event systems for which the time evolution of the state is not strictly deterministic but belongs to dynamic intervals. After introducing the modelling of p-time event graphs, we show that the corresponding algebraic model is a subclass of a special model called the interval descriptor system, which uses only maximization, minimization and the addition operations. The following aim is to check the behaviour of the model and to study the existence of a state trajectory. Using the cycle-time vector, we give an approach, which makes it possible to detect the non-synchronization of the transitions and consequently the presence of dead-marks. |
20,686 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Work-Stealing Scheduler for Task Dependency Graph, and key words: Runtime, Parallel processing, Throughput, Libraries, Energy efficiency, Timing, Task analysis. Abstract: Work-stealing is a key component of many parallel task graph libraries such as Intel Threading Building Blocks (TBB) FlowGraph, Microsoft Task Parallel Library (TPL) Batch .Net, Cpp-Taskflow, and Nabbit. However, designing a correct and effective work-stealing scheduler is a notoriously difficult job, due to subtle implementation details of concurrency controls and decentralized coordination between threads. This problem becomes even more challenging when striving for optimal thread usage in handling parallel workloads with complex task graphs. As a result, we introduce in this paper an effective work-stealing scheduler for execution of task dependency graphs. Our scheduler adopts a simple and efficient strategy to adapt the number of working threads to available task parallelism at any time during the graph execution. Our strategy is provably good in preventing resource underutilization and simultaneously minimizing resource waste when tasks are scarce. We have evaluated our scheduler on both micro-benchmarks and a real-world circuit timing analysis workload, and demonstrated promising results over existing methods in terms of runtime, energy efficiency, and throughput. |
20,687 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of Automated Virtual CNC Router for Application in a Remote Mechatronics Laboratory, and key words: Solid modeling, Actuators, Mechatronics, Computational modeling, Software, Routing protocols, Generators. Abstract: Virtual twins are capable of replicating the shape and behavior of physical systems in a digitized environment, achieving better control and monitoring of industrial processes. The virtual machine covers different areas necessary for proper operation, such as design, simulation programming, communication networks, and actuator control. Throughout this document, the process of building a virtual Computer-Numerical-Control router in Unity software, including the numerical simulation of mathematical models for the dynamics of the actuators, is explained. The control of the Cartesian robot is designed and implemented in the CODESYS platform, as well as a trajectory generator and a discrete closed loop control for the movement of each of the motion axes. The virtual router and the controller are configured in a hardware in the loop simulation scheme using the Modbus open source industrial protocol for data communication. The developed system is suitable for mechatronics engineering remote/online education. |
20,688 | Please write an abstract with title: A Survey on Deep Learning Techniques for COVID-19 Detection using Medical Imaging, and key words: COVID-19, Deep learning, Computed tomography, Lung, Control systems, Coronaviruses, X-ray imaging. Abstract: Covid-19 has disrupted lives throughout the world. It has spread all over the world and detection of the virus is an imperative step in beating the virus. Methods such as the RTPCR and Rapid antigen tests are not only time consuming but also complex and expensive. Since the virus attacks the lungs, the Xray images of the chest can be used for the detection of coronavirus. This paper summarizes as well as gives a detailed study of the research and various techniques used for this subject. Methods used for COVID-19 detection using medical imaging using Chest X-Ray (CXR) and CT scan images as well as role and usage of GANs in tackling this problem have been summarized. |
20,689 | Please write an abstract with title: Metrological Characteristics Analysis of Measuring Means for Distributed Mobile Measuring System on the Base of Reference Model of an Object, and key words: Time measurement, Standards, Current measurement, Reactive power, Analytical models, Databases, Rail transportation. Abstract: The paper considers metrological characteristics of distributed mobile measuring systems used for characteristics control of objects distributed in space. Mobile measuring systems travel along the prescribed routes and make physical values measurements in prescribed points and at prescribed time. In the course of time both metrological characteristics of measuring means and the values of controlled parameters change. The methods of determination of measuring means metrological characteristic magnitudes variations and controlled physical value magnitudes variations are considered, the deviations of measurement results value relatively reference value are analyzed. In order to raise the accuracy and truthfulness of measurements the algorithms of their analysis are considered. |
20,690 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Study on the Performance of Small-Scale Wind Turbine Rotors, and key words: Rotors, Blades, Wind turbines, Wind speed, Testing, Wind tunnels, Torque. Abstract: The paper presents the results of the research regarding the development and testing of small-scale wind turbine rotors, as well as aspects regarding their integration in power systems. Different wind rotors with diameters ranging from 524 mm to 620 mm have been designed in order to study the influence of the main parameters such as rotor diameter, blade chord length and pitch angle on the power output. The models have been made by 3D printing and were characterized by testing performed in an open circuit wind tunnel. For 10 m/s wind velocity, the maximum power output of the developed rotors is in the range of 34...48W. The experimental results revealed that the lower the pitch angle, the higher the starting velocity, turbine power, rotational speed and power coefficient. |
20,691 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring the Application of BIM Technology in Bridge Inspection, and key words: Bridges, Inspection, Testing, Diseases, Bridge circuits, Visualization, Data models. Abstract: BIM has been widely used in construction, municipal engineering, electric power, transportation and other engineering fields, but the researches and applications in bridge inspection are still at an early stage in recent years.Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional bridge inspection, giving full play to the advantages of BIM visualization, digitization, coordination, to explore the application of BIM technology in the bridge inspection process and combine with engineering practice experience, verifying the feasibility of BIM is applied in bridge inspection, making more information-based, systematic and intelligent testing of bridge, providing a new train of thought for bridge testing workers. |
20,692 | Please write an abstract with title: Project management and e-learning: adapting to new dimensions, and key words: Project management, Electronic learning, Management training, Process design, Companies, Power system management, Availability, Web sites, Propulsion, Communication system control. Abstract: The ubiquity of computer technology and the potential benefits of exploiting technological resources are compelling organizations to Web-enhance existing, and create new training materials and strategies. This work identifies the stakeholders involved in this change and proposes a model of an alignment process designed to make the new means of training effective. |
20,693 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of Polarization Sensitivity of UHF Sensor for Partial Discharge Detection in Gas Insulated Switchgear, and key words: Sensors, Spirals, UHF antennas, Sensitivity, Broadband antennas, Gas insulation, Sensor phenomena and characterization. Abstract: Polarization sensitivity of ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) sensor for detecting partial discharge (PD) activity in gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is studied using a tapered planar spiral (TPS) antenna. The TPS antenna with coplanar broadband microstrip line balun was optimized for circular polarization (CP) over 0.5–3.5 GHz. The fabricated TPS antenna with protective cover and cavity backing has a unidirectional radiation pattern, a −10 dB bandwidth (BW) of 0.5–3.5 GHz, and an axial ratio (AR) < 3 dB over 0.57–3.5 GHz. The polarization sensitivity of TPS to detect PDs was studied for Corona and particle movement (PM)-induced PDs in L Section of a metal encapsulated GIS setup. PD induced UHF measurements of circularly polarized TPS for 0°, 90°, and 180° orientations inside L-GIS gathered before and after L bend were compared with a linearly polarized (LP) UHF antenna with comparable gain and receive pattern. PD measurements gathered after L bend show nearly twofold enhancement in signal amplitude for the TPS compared to the LP sensor. The reduction in the ratio of UHF sensor amplitude after and before L bend between 0° and 90° sensor orientations was less than 8% for the TPS compared to 19%–27% observed for the LP sensor. It is concluded that UHF sensor with broadband CP is desirable for PD sensing in GIS. |
20,694 | Please write an abstract with title: Tapered Assisted Dual Micro-Bubble-Device for Ultrasound Sensor, and key words: Silicon compounds, Ultrasonic imaging, Interference, Light scattering, Light sources, Optical sensors. Abstract: A compact hybrid structure of silica taper-assisted dual micro-bubbles is proposed and fabricated for broadband ultrasound sensing. UV-cured adhesive is dripped on silica taper to form dual elliptic microbubbles at preselected position. Scattering and reflected light in each microbubble converges at the two focal points of the ellipse to form two new point light sources, enhancing the emergence of high-order modes with strong multi-mode interference. The second microbubble with multi-mode interference further enhances the modulated light propagating from the first microbubble, realizing high contrast transmission spectrum. By exciting high-order harmonics of piezoelectric transducer (PZT) center at 3.7 MHz as ultrasound source, broad bandwidth acoustic signal from 3 kHz to 23.5 MHz is detected, owing to this hybrid structure with strong multi-mode interference along with polymer microbubbles with small Young's modulus and small sizes. This unique dual-microbubble device makes attractive features for biomedical application and nondestructive test inspection. |
20,695 | Please write an abstract with title: Arrangement Optimization of Robotic surgery Arms at Sina<inf>flex</inf> surgical platform, and key words: Mechatronics, Endoscopes, Shape, Surgery, Arms, Manipulators, Genetics. Abstract: robot placement and port position on the patient's body, and so on, can affect the final results of surgery. This study investigates the effect of the ports' position and the surgical organ's position on choosing how to install and arrange the Sinaflex slave robotic surgery platform. For this purpose, a method is suggested to maximize the shared workspace of robotic arms and minimize the unwanted portion of their workspaces. The Pattern-Search algorithm is applied to find the best port position to maximize the shared workspace in the range of motion of joints. The surgical site is once assumed on the patient's body longitudinal centerline. It is again located at a +75 mm distance from the longitudinal centerline in the lateral direction for the exact longitudinal level. According to the results, when the port position is 75 mm distant from the centerline and two manipulators are mounted on the same side, the shared volume is 3.8783e+06 mm3, and the volume of undesired space is zero. However, for two-sided docking arrangements, they are not better than side placement. It can be inferred that installing two arms on one side of the bed will be better if the surgical position is inclined to the sides from the centerline. |
20,696 | Please write an abstract with title: A single chip direct conversion CMOS transceiver for quad-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE and WLAN with integrated VCO's and fractional-N synthesizer, and key words: GSM, Ground penetrating radar, Wireless LAN, Baseband, Receivers, Radio transmitters, Radiofrequency amplifiers, Radio transceivers, Frequency synthesizers, Filters. Abstract: This paper presents the first WWAN + WLAN integrated radio transceiver. The 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS chip includes a fully integrated receiver, transmitter and frequency synthesizer. The device includes a direct conversion receiver that converts the RF signal to quadrature analog baseband while yielding a high IIP2 (> +45.0 dBm) and low LO radiation (<-100 dBm over all bands). The receiver includes selectable baseband filters and variable gain amplifiers. The transmitter uses a quadrature direct modulator and pre-power amplifiers; that can support low gain GSM PAs with low carrier leakage (<-40 dB). An RF /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ fractional-N synthesizer is integrated on-chip to generate the system local oscillator signal. A flexible baseband interface is provided to allow for control via two distinct baseband processor systems. |
20,697 | Please write an abstract with title: Geo-Imagery Management and Statistical Processing in a Regional Context Using Open Data Cube, and key words: Architecture, Time series analysis, Optical wavelength conversion, Memory, Computer architecture, User interfaces, Tools. Abstract: We propose a methodology to manage and process remote sensing and geo-imagery data for non-expert users. The proposed system provides automated data ingestion and manipulation capability for analytical data-driven purposes. In this paper, we describe the technological basis of the proposed method in addition to describing the tool architecture, the inherent data flow, and its operation in a specific use case to provide statistical summaries of Sentinel-2 regions of interest corresponding to the cultivation polygonal areas located in the Basque Country (ES). |
20,698 | Please write an abstract with title: GraFin: An Applicable Graph-based Fingerprinting Approach for Robust Indoor Localization, and key words: Location awareness, Uncertainty, Measurement uncertainty, Fingerprint recognition, Position measurement, Radio propagation, Robustness. Abstract: Wi-Fi fingerprinting using the received signal strength (RSS) of the access point (AP) as a physical signal feature is widely studied in the indoor localization area with various applications. One main problem with fingerprinting based approach is the uncertainty of RSS measurements, which often leads to instability and decline of localization performance. In this work, we propose GraFin, a graph-based fingerprinting approach, to provide accurate and robust indoor localization without tedious site surveys and extra assistant information. The key idea lies in the insight that despite the RSS measurement of one AP at one reference point (RP) can be noisy, the proximity pattern, which describes one AP's relative position to other APs and RPs, is usually more stable. Specifically, GraFin models APs and RPs on a graph based on limited RSS measurements and provides position-aware fingerprints for APs and RPs based on an inductive deep graph model. We evaluate GraFin on a public indoor localization dataset, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach. Furthermore, we apply our approach to the arrival-departure time estimation task for instant delivery service. Experiment results on the enterprise dataset from one of the largest instant delivery platforms in China show that GraFin outperforms baseline approaches with significantly lower time estimation error. |
20,699 | Please write an abstract with title: Costs and benefits of fading for streaming media over wireless, and key words: Fading, Streaming media, Physical layer, Propagation losses, Decoding, AWGN, Telecommunication network reliability, Electromagnetic scattering, Legged locomotion, Laboratories. Abstract: In this tutorial article we discuss some salient aspects of the wireless channel, and the challenges and opportunities they pose for streaming media. Streaming media has a number of fundamental characteristics that differentiate it from generic data for which most wireless data transport protocols are designed. This means that solutions designed for media distribution in wired contexts do not directly translate into appropriate wireless solutions: designers must jointly optimize for both media and wireless characteristics. Through a number of examples we discuss how channel, source, and application-dependent concepts such as multiuser diversity, opportunistic communications, loss tolerance, and differing application-dependent delay constraints can be exploited to pose new and useful constructs for streaming media over wireless |
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