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20,700 | Please write an abstract with title: Robot arm operating interface using a touch panel for gripping an object on the floor by designating the end effector, and key words: System integration. Abstract: Some of the electric wheelchair users have limb dysfunction due to muscle weakness and paralysis. Recently, welfare robot arms are being developed for self-reliance supporting for them. In the conventional robot arm operating interface, it is necessary for users to confirm the position of the target objects before operation. However, when an object on the floor gets into the blind spot of the operator such as under an electric wheelchair or desk, it can't be found and will be difficult to pick up. In this study, we developed a touch panel interface that a user specifies the end point of the robot arm by drawing a line to the target object as a simple operation method for grasping the object on the floor. In the experiment to compare the operation by the proposed method with the operation by a game pad. And the result shows that the proposed method reduces operation time in the grasping operation of the object on the floor. |
20,701 | Please write an abstract with title: A zero-overhead dynamic optically reconfigurable gate array, and key words: Optical arrays, Photodiodes, Capacitance, CMOS process, Optical devices, Optical design, Pulse measurements, Circuits, Delay effects, CMOS technology. Abstract: This paper presents a zero-overhead dynamic optically reconfigurable gate array (DORGA) that uses the load capacitance of gates to construct a gate array to maintain its state during optical reconfiguration, and uses junction capacitance of photodiodes as configuration memory. It improves a reconfiguration overhead problem of the previously proposed DORGA. The reconfiguration procedure is executable without the overhead of optical reconfiguration by reducing the dispersion delay between optical reconfiguration circuits. This paper presents the design of 1,632 gate count zero-overhead DORGAs reduced the dispersion delay using a standard 0.35 /spl mu/m three-metal CMOS process technology. |
20,702 | Please write an abstract with title: Autonomous I-V and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy characterization system for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, and key words: Photovoltaic cells, Current measurement, Mathematical model, Temperature measurement, Electric potential, Voltage measurement, Semiconductor device measurement. Abstract: Dye sensitized solar cells are very complex to characterize by conventional characterization systems. Often, they require very expensive measuring devices and a lot of decisions, usually made manually, in order to deduce correct measures. The system presented in this article is a model of an autonomous dedicated instrument to measure the I- V and EIS characteristics of dye sensitized solar cells. |
20,703 | Please write an abstract with title: Certification of photovoltaic inverters: the initial step toward PV system certification, and key words: Certification, Photovoltaic systems, Solar power generation, Inverters, Laboratories, Qualifications, System testing, System performance, Accreditation, Hardware. Abstract: There is no complete photovoltaic product (component or system) certification program in effect today in the United States. Photovoltaic (PV) modules and inverters are listed for safety (using standards UL1703 and UL1741, respectively), and certification for environmental qualification of PV modules is conducted. However these do not provide critical performance information such as PV module energy rating, inverter performance characteristics, or system performance. Domestic and international standards organizations have begun waiting requirements for photovoltaic system certification that are aimed primarily at small stand-alone applications. The module and balance-of-system industries often provide inconsistent or insufficient specifications and data to designers and customers to allow adequate comparison or a true prediction of performance for installed systems. This paper describes an industry consensus process to establish necessary testing protocols for certification of inverters. |
20,704 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Magnetic Shielding on Stray Losses and Temperature Rise in Adjacent Parts of Transformer Ascending Flange, and key words: Flanges, Steel, Lead, Copper, Power transformers, Magnetic shielding, Heat transfer. Abstract: Aiming to study the stray losses and temperature distribution of power transformer ascending flange, a 1:1 test model is built, and the corresponding three-dimensional (3D) finite-element analysis (FEA) model is established. Then the influence of shielding on stray losses distribution is simulated by surface impedance method, and the 4mm copper shielding is selected as the optimized one. Besides, a mixed steel tank lid structure is proposed to limit the maximum loss density in the tank lid. Finally, the temperature field of ascending flange based on magneto-thermal coupling method is simulated, which can provide an effective guidance for allowable lead current and the related optimization. |
20,705 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Climate Control for Mushroom Cultivation using IoT Approach, and key words: Humidity, Temperature sensors, Sensors, Control systems, Monitoring, Temperature measurement, Sensor systems. Abstract: In Malaysia, most farmers only depend on traditional agricultural practices. To improve the efficiency as well as the productivity of their farms, modern agricultural technology was proven to be better than traditional practices. Internet of Things (IoT) is usually related in modern agriculture which provides the farmer with a real-time monitoring condition of their farm from anywhere and anytime. Nowadays, oyster mushroom is one of the favorite plants to be cultivated among Malaysian farmers. However, it is still overshadowed by the traditional cultivation approach, which is costly, low productivity and more maintenance. Therefore, this work aims to develop an automatic climate control system at a minimized cost, which can control the condition of the farm as well as optimize the resources. Our proposed IoT-based design was tested in real environment at NASOM Bandar Puteri Centre. Oyster mushroom requires an optimum temperature ranging from 20 to 30°C and humidity from 70 to 80 percent. Two sensors were placed at the center and corner of the mushroom house to measure the temperature and humidity which were transmitted to the remote monitoring station via a micro-controller unit for further action. The result conducted for six days showed that an efficient automatic monitoring system, which can control the farm's house as well as minimized the resources and human efforts. |
20,706 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep KKL: Data-driven Output Prediction for Non-Linear Systems, and key words: Training, Learning systems, Sufficient conditions, Neural networks, Predictive models, Observers, Trajectory. Abstract: We address the problem of output prediction, ie. designing a model for autonomous nonlinear systems capable of forecasting their future observations. We first define a general framework bringing together the necessary properties for the development of such an output predictor. In particular, we look at this problem from two different viewpoints, control theory and data-driven techniques (machine learning), and try to formulate it in a consistent way, reducing the gap between the two fields. Building on this formulation and problem definition, we propose a predictor structure based on the Kazantzis-Kravaris/Luenberger (KKL) observer and we show that KKL fits well into our general framework. Finally, we propose a constructive solution for this predictor that solely relies on a small set of trajectories measured from the system. Our simulations show that our solution allows to obtain an efficient predictor over a subset of the observation space. |
20,707 | Please write an abstract with title: Ultrahigh-Field, High-Efficiency Superconducting Machines for Offshore Wind Turbines, and key words: Generators, Wind turbines, High-temperature superconductors, Iron, Superconducting coils, Heating systems, Topology. Abstract: Offshore wind turbines are the key enabling technology to increase the green energy penetration in the electricity market. Increasing the power generation per tower and reducing the levelized cost of energy are the two significant problems faced by wind turbine manufacturers. Traditional turbine manufacturers use rare-earth permanent magnets (PMs) to increase the air-gap flux density and maximize the machine outer diameter (OD) to increase the torque output. Since the air-gap flux density achievable with available PM is limited, increasing the power output of a traditional generator invariably leads to a significant increase in the volume and mass on top of the turbine tower and associated manufacturing, transportation, and installation costs. Superconducting (SC) wind turbine generators offer 5 to 10 times the air-gap flux density of a PM generator, and a corresponding increase in specific power and power density. Previous MW scale SC wind turbines designs used heavy back iron in the design, iron saturation limits the achievable air-gap flux density in the designs and resulted in bulky generators and moderate efficiency. In this article, a hybrid design approach is proposed to reach an ultrahigh field (5 to 10 times of PM air-gap flux density) and high efficiency (>98%) SC wind turbine for offshore wind turbine. An additional stray field limitation is introduced for safety concerns and shielding techniques are explored. Electromagnetic, mechanical, and cooling designs are provided to support the feasibility of proposed SC wind turbines. A nacelle integration inside a commercially available 6 MW wind turbine is shown to demonstrate the size comparison of the proposed generator. |
20,708 | Please write an abstract with title: A new approach for leakage suppression of microstrip line structure with multilayer substrates, and key words: Nonhomogeneous media, Dielectric substrates, Strips, Frequency, Electromagnetic waveguides, Microstrip antennas, Tellurium, Information science, Partial response channels, Power transmission lines. Abstract: In this paper, an approach is suggested for leaky suppression of the first higher order leaky mode in microstrip line structure with multilayer substrates. In the approach an additional metal strip is inserted at the interfaces between the dielectric layers of the multilayer substrate, in such a way the leakage can be restrained effectively. Numerical results demonstrate that a suitable choice of dimension or the offset of the addition metal strip can obviously decrease the leakage of the first higher order leaky mode in a. designated frequency region. |
20,709 | Please write an abstract with title: Radiation force imaging of viscoelastic properties with reduced artifacts, and key words: Viscosity, Elasticity, Mechanical factors, Diseases, Degradation, Retina, Kinetic theory, Acoustic signal detection, Tracking, Signal processing. Abstract: It is well-known that changes in the mechanical properties of tissues are correlated with the presence of disease. In the eye, for example, the vitreous body undergoes dramatic changes in mechanical properties during age-related degradation. These changes may play a significant role in the formation of retinal detachment or other vitreoretinal diseases. We previously presented a noninvasive method called kinetic acoustic vitreoretinal examination (KAVE), which may be used to detect these mechanical changes. KAVE uses acoustic radiation force as a means to produce small, localized displacements within the tissues. Returning echoes are processed using ultrasonic motion tracking so that the response of the tissue to the induced force can be evaluated. By repeating this process at a number of locations, images depicting viscoelastic properties of tissues can be formed. Through the combination of appropriate mechanical modeling and signal processing, we are able to generate images of parameters such as relative mass, relative elasticity, and relative viscosity. These parameters are called relative because they depend on the force applied, which is typically unknown. In this paper, we present new force-free images depicting the time constant /spl tau/, the damping ratio /spl xi/, and the natural frequency /spl omega/ of the phantom material. These images are significant in that they lack the artifacts common in the relative property images. |
20,710 | Please write an abstract with title: Transformerless Three-Level Flying-Capacitor Step-Up PV Micro-Inverter Without Electrolytic Capacitors, and key words: Inverters, Capacitors, Topology, Power system measurements, Density measurement, Switches, Inductors. Abstract: Voltage step-up, DC/AC inversion, and active pulsating-power-buffering are three indispensable functions of next-generation PV micro-inverters. Conventionally, these three functions are realized by separate power-conversion stages, resulting in lower conversion efficiency and a higher cost. In this paper, a new hybrid topology capable of merging all three functions into a single power-conversion stage is proposed. The topology enjoys all the benefits of system integration, including simple circuit structure and low bill-of-materials. It also features low voltage stresses, significantly reduced energy storage requirement of the passive components, and low leakage current, potentially leading to highly compact and high efficiency design. A 60-W hardware prototype is built to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed inverter. An efficiency over 95% across a wide load range has been experimentally obtained. |
20,711 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Compound Negative Binomial Distribution and Its Applications in Reliability, and key words: Electric shock, Markov processes, Random variables, Compounds, Materials reliability, Maintenance engineering. Abstract: A new negative binomial distribution (NBS) is proposed by introducing the concept of sparse connection. Finite Markov chain imbedding approach is used to obtain NBS for the cases of independent trials, first-order Markov dependent trials and high-order Markov dependent trials respectively. New compound negative binomial distributions called CNBS and CMNBS for independent and Markov cases respectively are derived by means of phase-type representations. The new compound negative binomial distributions can be applied in the shock models and start-up demonstration tests in the field of reliability. Numerical examples based on shock models are then presented to demonstrate the applicability of the new distribution. |
20,712 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans under orthostatic stress, and key words: Humans, Stress, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Nonlinear systems, Frequency, Fluctuations, Blood flow, Arterial blood pressure, Biological system modeling, Kernel. Abstract: The effects of orthostatic stress on cerebral autoregulation are assessed by examining the dynamic relationship between spontaneous fluctuations of cerebral blood flow and arterial blood pressure under various levels of Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) in healthy humans. The Laguerre-Volterra network methodology for modeling nonlinear systems is employed to this purpose. Results are obtained in the form of Volterra kernels as well as in the form of the dynamic modes of the system. Three significant modes are identified, one of them residing mostly in the linear system dynamics, and the other two residing in the nonlinear system dynamics. The obtained results reveal that the latter are affected mainly in the low frequency range (below 0.04 Hz), whereas they remain unaffected in the intermediate frequency range (between 0.04 and 0.08 Hz) and are affected moderately above 0.08 Hz. |
20,713 | Please write an abstract with title: Covid-19 Face Mask Detection Using TensorFlow, Keras and OpenCV, and key words: COVID-19, Surveillance, Surgery, Tools, Task analysis, Faces, Viruses (medical). Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly affected our day-to-day life disrupting the world trade and movements. Wearing a protective face mask has become a new normal. In the near future, many public service providers will ask the customers to wear masks correctly to avail of their services. Therefore, face mask detection has become a crucial task to help global society. This paper presents a simplified approach to achieve this purpose using some basic Machine Learning packages like TensorFlow, Keras, OpenCV and Scikit-Learn. The proposed method detects the face from the image correctly and then identifies if it has a mask on it or not. As a surveillance task performer, it can also detect a face along with a mask in motion. The method attains accuracy up to 95.77% and 94.58% respectively on two different datasets. We explore optimized values of parameters using the Sequential Convolutional Neural Network model to detect the presence of masks correctly without causing over-fitting. |
20,714 | Please write an abstract with title: Control System Design of A Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, and key words: Observers, Attitude control, Atmospheric modeling, Rotors, Control systems, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Adaptation models. Abstract: This paper investigates the problem of the transition process strongly disturbed by environmental factors for the vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Considering the flight characteristics of fixed-wing and multi-rotor UAVs, a transition control scheme according to the change of airspeed is proposed. Firstly, a VTOL UAV dynamic model is established, which consists of three parts: multi-rotor dynamic model, fixed-wing dynamic model and transition process dynamic model. Secondly, a VTOL UAV transition control scheme is given according to the influence of airspeed. Then, due to the uncertainty and external disturbance the transition control scheme can be unstable. To solve this problem, an adaptive super twisting sliding mode observer is adopted to estimate external disturbance. Finally, the simulation and field experimental results show that the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. |
20,715 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Agent System-Based Plug-and-Play Energy Management System for DC Microgrids, and key words: Java, Network topology, Simulation, Microgrids, TCPIP, Topology, Energy management systems. Abstract: This paper discusses the design and implementation of a decentralized multi-agent based plug-and-play capability for an energy management system (EMS) of a DC microgrid. For the EMS, a consensus algorithm is used with a fully distributed optimization approach. The multi-agent system (MAS) is designed using the Java Agent Development Framework (JADE), taking advantage of its features and properties to implement the plug-and-plug capability. Agent negotiation abilities are implemented to enable the agents to react according to time-varying communication topologies in the microgrid. An interface based on TCP/IP is implemented between Matlab and JADE to create a bi-directional communication link so that signals are sent from Matlab to the microgrid agents to trigger certain events in the system. The EMS algorithm, with the help of the implemented plug-and-play capability, exhibits robustness and converges very fast. The results are validated through simulation. |
20,716 | Please write an abstract with title: Operation Control Strategy of Multi-Energy DC Micro-Grid Considering Complementary Inertia of Gas and Battery, and key words: Industrial electronics, Costs, Wind energy, Conferences, Batteries. Abstract: Multi-energy complementary DC micro-grid is of great significance to realize sustainable energy development. Based on the typical DC micro-grid with various energy forms including wind, solar, gas and battery, this paper aims at the problem that the Micro-Turbine(MT) has large inertia and cannot respond quickly to load changes, and proposes a control method that inertia complements of the MT and battery, which makes up for the lack of dynamic characteristics of MT by using the fast dynamic response of battery. Make full use of the power adjustment function of the MT, improve the utilization rate of new energy, reduce the system cost and maintain the stable operation of the DC micro-grid system. Finally, the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed control strategy are verified by simulation. |
20,717 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards defining an ontology for reputation, and key words: Ontologies, Business, Australia, Power generation economics, Environmental economics, Quality assessment, Information systems, Information technology, Consumer behavior, Feedback. Abstract: The growing development of Web based trust and reputation systems in the 21st century will have powerful social and economic impact on all business entities, and will make transparent the quality assessment and customer assurance realities in the distributed Web based service oriented environments. The Web based trust and reputation systems will be the foundation for Web intelligence in the future. Trust and reputation systems help capture business intelligence through establishing customer relationships, learning consumer behavior, capturing market reaction on products and services, disseminating customer feedback, buyers' opinions and end-user recommendations, and revealing dishonest services, unfair trading, biased assessment, discriminatory actions, fraudulent behaviors, and untrue advertising. The continuing development of these technologies will help in the improvement of professional business behavior, sales, reputation of sellers, providers, products and services. However there has been no effort in defining ontology for reputation. In this paper we attempt to define ontology for reputation. |
20,718 | Please write an abstract with title: On the capacity of vector Gaussian interference channels, and key words: Interference channels, Receiving antennas, Transmitters, Interference constraints, Equations, Closed-form solution, MIMO, Channel capacity. Abstract: The capacity of a vector Gaussian interference channel is investigated. Outer bounds, and where possible, capacity regions of a class of interference channels is characterized. The analysis of single transmit multiple receive antenna (SIMO) Gaussian interference channels with strong interference can be easily seen to be exactly analogous to that of a single transmit single receive antenna system. This paper demonstrates that, in contrast, multiple transmit single receive antenna (MISO) Gaussian interference channels are much harder to characterize. In this paper, the capacity region for a class of MISO interference channels with very strong interference is characterized. Also, the rank of the optimal transmit policy in a MISO Gaussian interference channel is shown to be bounded by the number of users in the system. Finally, outer bounds on the capacity region of the general multiple transmit and receive antenna (MIMO) Gaussian interference channels are derived. A new outer bound is obtained, which combines and improves previously known strategies for bounding the capacity of interference channels. |
20,719 | Please write an abstract with title: Time-Reversal Source Reconstruction With Electromagnetic Kurtosis, and key words: Electromagnetics, Finite difference methods, Time-domain analysis, Sensors, Image reconstruction, Entropy, Transmission line measurements. Abstract: The time-reversal (TR) technique has been developed to solve inverse problems and to reconstruct sources. However, much work on the topic so far has not considered the determination of source excitation time instants, which is a crucial step toward practical applications of the TR method. In this article, we introduce the concept of kurtosis into the TR process to reconstruct not only spatial locations but also excitation time instants of the sources. Our method paves the way for extensions and applications of the TR method to real-world problems such as identifying radiation sources of different time in various environments. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed concept and method. |
20,720 | Please write an abstract with title: PID Control for Ship Course with Complex Marine Disturbance Modeled by General Noise, and key words: PI control, Tracking, Simulation, Differential equations, White noise, Stability analysis, PD control. Abstract: In this paper, proportion integral differential(PID) algorithm with general noise is designed for the ship course. The General noise is proposed to describe disturbance. Non-Gaussian colored noise is always present in ship's actual heading control. Considering the tracking error, the tracking effects of color noise and white noise are compared. Based on random differential equations (RDEs) theory, the stability of ship heading system is analyzed. The algorithm proposed in this paper shows that the system can tolerance stronger noise under broader constraints. Finally, simulation verification is carried out. Taking the YUPENG of Dalian Maritime University as an example, the tracking effect of colored noise is better than that of white noise, and the tracking error of colored noise is smaller than that of white noise. This algorithm can satisfy the higher demand of ship motion control system. |
20,721 | Please write an abstract with title: SIMD Implementation of Modified Zhang’s Three-Frame Alignment Algorithm, and key words: Proteins, DNA, Humanoid robots, Genomics, Organisms, Distance measurement, Gene expression. Abstract: Gene expression involves the alignment of organisms to understand their genetic information. DNA to protein alignment is the important first step in gene expression which involves alignment of DNA sequence to a reference genome. However, protein alignment algorithms are implemented sequentially via recurrence relation. Thus, making alignment slow. This paper discusses an SIMD implementation of a DNA to protein alignment algorithm using AVX2 instructions to speedup implementation. Result shows a speedup ranging from 1. 81x to 6. 1x as compared to sequential implementation. |
20,722 | Please write an abstract with title: Simultaneous monitoring of both optical signal-to-noise ratio and polarization-mode dispersion using polarization scrambling and polarization beam splitting, and key words: Optical polarization, Monitoring, Signal to noise ratio, Polarization mode dispersion, Optical beam splitting, Optical noise, Nonlinear optics, Fiber nonlinear optics, Optical filters, Degradation. Abstract: This paper proposes a simple method to monitor both optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) simultaneously using a polarization-scrambling module followed by polarization beam splitting. OSNR and PMD are obtained from interaction terms between two orthogonal polarization arms. Monitored OSNR and PMD are independent of each other. Experimental results are demonstrated in a 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) system with OSNR from 18 to 36 dB and PMD from 0 to 70 ps. |
20,723 | Please write an abstract with title: Accurate voltage-to-frequency sensor with galvanic isolation and bandwidth of 375kHz, and key words: Optical filters, Bandwidth, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Delays, Optical sensors, Field programmable gate arrays, High-speed optical techniques. Abstract: High-bandwidth low-cost MV voltage sensors with appropriate isolation are required in MV power electronic converters for utility and industrial applications. It is especially critical in low-inertia converters (reduced passives) due to the existence of fast dynamics with reduced storage elements (dc-link, filters etc.). In this paper, a MV sensor for sensing a 2kV 16kHz voltage is presented. The sensor is supposed to provide > 160kHz bandwidth which is 10 times the frequency to be sensed, 2% accuracy and >10kV isolation. It is based on voltage-to-frequency (V2F) conversion and optical isolation principles. Compared to existing solutions, the proposed sensor is fast and scalable to MV thanks to the feature of converting analog voltage into digital high-speed square wave through optical enabled MV isolation. The components chosen to build the sensor and the design trade-offs are explained in detail. The sensor delay, accuracy, bandwidth characteristics are shown both at the v2f-sensor output and after frequency to voltage conversion implemented in a FPGA. |
20,724 | Please write an abstract with title: Individually addressable planar patch clamp array, and key words: Clamps, Biomembranes, Cells (biology), Glass, Proteins, Neurons, Seals, Biomedical electrodes, Biomedical engineering, Probes. Abstract: We present a new planar, silicon-based patch clamp array. Each patch site is vertically oriented, which allows simultaneous use of scanning probe, optical, or fluorescent detection technologies. Each microfabricated patch site is also connected to its own fluidic channel so that the array can be used for parallel screening of cells or analysis of tethered lipid membranes or vesicles that express the proteins of interest. A single unit, fully three-dimensional ring-shaped patch clamp recording device has been designed and fabricated. |
20,725 | Please write an abstract with title: Responsiveness Analysis of Classic and Observer-Based Leader–Follower Systems, and key words: Robots, Measurement, Observers, Convergence, Transfer functions, Target tracking, Coherence. Abstract: Motivated by the need to develop responsive teleoperation systems, the responsiveness performance of leader-follower systems is studied in this article. A new performance metric, the <i>L</i><sub>1</sub> gain, is proposed and analyzed. It is proved that the <i>L</i><sub>1</sub> gain changes monotonically with respect to edge weights and that it is closely related to the coherence metric of leader-follower systems. Explicit bounds are obtained for the <i>L</i><sub>1</sub> gain of classic leader-follower systems when the underlying graph is a tree or a growth-limited graph. Based on these findings, the performance of an observer-based leader-follower system is studied and conditions under which the observer-based system behaves better are obtained. Numerical experiments are also conducted showing that the observer-based leader-follower system can perform better than the classic leader-follower system for 2-D grid graphs in practical conditions. These results contribute to the design of teleoperation systems in the future. |
20,726 | Please write an abstract with title: Professional Titles Evaluation System Based on PHP and MySQL, and key words: Economics, Technological innovation, Education, Service-oriented architecture, Information and communication technology. Abstract: In this paper., a mature three-tier architecture based on B/S mode is adopted., and the Web technologies of jqgrid., layui., jQuery., PHP and MySQL is used to design and realize the professional titles evaluation system., which realizes the function modules of scientific research achievements management., teaching achievements management., Professional titles evaluation management and peer review. Under the current background of “breaking five principles”., the peer review module designed by the system can help colleges and universities evaluate teachers' scientific research and teaching achievements objectively and fairly., and colleges and universities can refer to the results of peer review in the promotion of teachers' professional titles. This system has been put into use in some colleges and universities., and has certain application innovation and promotion value. |
20,727 | Please write an abstract with title: Approximate inverse frequent itemset mining: privacy, complexity, and approximation, and key words: Itemsets, Data mining, Association rules, Linear programming, Data privacy, Character generation, Databases, Frequency, Benchmark testing, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: In order to generate synthetic basket datasets for better benchmark testing, it is important to integrate characteristics from real-life databases into the synthetic basket datasets. The characteristics that could be used for this purpose include the frequent itemsets and association rules. The problem of generating synthetic basket datasets from frequent itemsets is generally referred to as inverse frequent itemset mining. In this paper, we show that the problem of approximate inverse frequent itemset mining is NP-complete. Then we propose and analyze an approximate algorithm for approximate inverse frequent itemset mining, and discuss privacy issues related to the synthetic basket dataset. In particular, we propose an approximate algorithm to determine the privacy leakage in a synthetic basket dataset. |
20,728 | Please write an abstract with title: Strategy of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Auxiliary frequency modulation Based on Energy Distribution Management, and key words: Power system measurements, Frequency modulation, Capacitors, Process control, Lithium batteries, Regulation, Safety. Abstract: The safety and stable operation of power systems requires more high-quality power regulation resources to be applied in frequency regulation auxiliary service market. Due to the vacancy of rules on reimbursement for battery energy storage system (BESS) alone in China, the combination of thermal power unit and BESS for the AGC frequency regulation gets commercial promotion. So far, the power plants usually use the Lithium Battery as the power resource to carry on AGC service. However, the batter has the weakness of short life and low power density, which produce high maintenance fees. As an alternative energy source, the super capacitors can solve these problems, but it has the weakness of low energy as well. So that it cannot be used as an independent frequency regulation power resource. Therefore, it is worth to find a Control Strategy to combines the advantages of these two power supply resource. Some related cases are studied in the area of vehicles and trains. Up to now, there are few research applied in the power plants have been taken. So in this regard, a control strategy based on energy distribution management about power plants AGC is proposed. This strategy takes full advantages of the high energy density of lithium batteries and the fast response of super capacitors, and improves the regenerative braking energy utilization rate of the system by suppressing the energy exchange. |
20,729 | Please write an abstract with title: Designing Prepaid Smart Energy Meter and Deployment in a Network, and key words: Meters, Energy consumption, Power supplies, Fault detection, Government, Modems, Power system reliability. Abstract: With the amount of electricity consumption rising day by day, the amount of electricity wasted is also rising. This paper aims to introduce a smart prepaid energy metering solution for big government or private institutes where there are many recreational centres like sports complex and hence considerable amount of energy wastage. In this system, an energy meter is installed in every sports complex and common area; and a server is maintained at the institute level. To facilitate bi-directional communication between the server and consumer's meter, data is transmitted over the power line using PowerLine modem or adapters. Energy consumption is calculated by using the “meter constant”, and this data is sent by meters to the server. Frequency of data sent by the meter is not fixed but is dependent on realtime load. Each of the meters will also send information regarding its health. Collected data will be compared with available balance; electricity will not be supplied in case of no available balance. The users can control the power supply remotely and hence stopping the unauthorised use of electricity. This system also helps in managing electricity during a power outage and in fault detection. |
20,730 | Please write an abstract with title: Long-term Recommender System based on ACP Framework, and key words: Uncertainty, Computational modeling, Digital twin, Reinforcement learning, Tools, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Recommender systems play an important role in online services to suggest the items that best fit the needs of the users. Traditional recommender systems consider the recommendation procedure as a static process. However, these systems cannot catch the preferences of the users well enough, because the essence of the recommendation procedure is a sequential decision process. Therefore, some researchers use reinforcement learning, a useful tool for optimizing the sequential decision process, to learn the recommender system. But the dependency of the sampled data in the recommender system is often uncertain and the probability distribution of these data is usually variant. So it is hard for reinforcement learning to consider the states and actions of a recommender system in an integrated way. To solve this problem, we combine the recommender system into ACP framework by parallel reinforcement learning, which can effectively explore the uncertain dependency and the probability distribution of the sampled data in a real-world system. The real environment in recommender system is the users for modeling a parallel environment. The reinforcement learning process can be seen as the computational experiments to analyze how to generate recommendations. The learned parallel environment is used to provide the predicted state for learning and generating the recommendations in our trained model. The predicted state in a parallel environment is learned from the probability distribution of the sampled data in a real environment and has less uncertainty than the state in this real environment. Thus, it is more effective to generate the recommendations by the predicted state in the parallel environment. It is promising that the effective algorithm for learning a recommender system can be constructed by combining it into ACP framework. |
20,731 | Please write an abstract with title: Algorithm for Controlling the Trajectory of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with the Possibility of Flying Around Obstacles, and key words: Propellers, Heuristic algorithms, Aerodynamics, Autonomous aerial vehicles, Mathematical models, Trajectory, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: This article solves the problem of developing an autonomous flight control system that allows unmanned copter type aerial vehicle to fly along a given route with the possibility of avoiding obstacles. The mathematical model of a quadcopter with four propellers, considering wind disturbances and the algorithm for trajectory control of an unmanned aerial vehicle are studied in detail. The mathematical model is based on the basic equations of dynamics for translational and rotational motion. The trajectory control algorithm, which should control the required linear coordinates of quadcopters throughout the route, is developed using the proportional-integral-differentiating (PID) controller. PID controller is also used for managing angular coordinates. The PID-controller coefficients can be calculated by using the tangential method or the Ziegler-Nichols method. The trajectory control algorithm is implemented in an object-oriented programming environment. |
20,732 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved High-Dimensional Likelihood Field Matching for Mobile Robot SLAM Based on Line-Segment Model, and key words: Location awareness, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Laser radar, Databases, Conferences, Pose estimation, Feature extraction. Abstract: This study proposes an effective simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm based on line-segment features. The algorithm consists of line-segment features extraction from point clouds measured by a LIDAR, association and matching between the line-segment features and a map database for pose estimation, and the registration of line-segments into the map database for the incremental construction of the map. In the process of pose estimation, the improved high-dimensional likelihood field model is proposed. The method comprehensively considers the possibility of matching the observation with all existing features, and the influence of high-dimensional information of the line (such as length, slope). so, it is effective to use this method for data association and localization. Based on the data set and physical experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. |
20,733 | Please write an abstract with title: A direct conversion RF front-end for 2-GHz WCDMA and 5.8-GHz WLAN applications, and key words: Radio frequency, Multiaccess communication, Wireless LAN, Gain measurement, Semiconductor device measurement, Noise measurement, Voltage, Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, BiCMOS integrated circuits. Abstract: A direct conversion RF front-end for 2.0 GHz WCDMA and 5.8 GHz WLAN applications is described. The measured double-sideband NF, IIP3 and voltage gain are 3.6 dB, -15.1 dBm and 29.5 dB for WCDMA, and 5.2 dB, -17.4 dBm and 26.5 dB for WLAN, respectively. The RF front-end consumes 22.3 mA in WCDMA mode and 23.1 mA in WLAN mode from a 2.7 V supply. The chip is fabricated using a 0.35 /spl mu/m 45 GHz SiGe BiCMOS process. |
20,734 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhancement of esophagus speech using harmonic plus noise model, and key words: Esophagus, Speech enhancement, Speech synthesis, Speech analysis, Larynx, Signal synthesis, Noise shaping, Batteries, Background noise, Degradation. Abstract: Patients whose voice boxes have been removed use either artificial larynx or esophagus as a source of excitation to the vocal tract. This excitation is shaped by the vocal tract to produce the speech output. Artificial larynx is a costly device and continuous use of batteries increases the recurring expenses. Further, the presence of background noise degrades the speech qualify. Production of esophagus speech is more convenient and advantageous. The production of speech using esophagus is cheap, as no extra device is needed. Also the hands are free while speaking for doing some other work. But main problem of the esophagus speech is the very low amplitude of the output speech, intelligibility, and naturalness. The objective of this paper is to enhance the intelligibility of esophagus speech by using harmonic plus noise model (HNM). Esophagus speech is analyzed and synthesized using HNM and informal listening tests are conducted for accessing the improvement in the synthesized speech. Investigations show that the output is more natural and intelligible as compared to input speech signal but there is an increase in the random noise. This noise is uncorrelated to the input and can be suppressed by conventional techniques such as spectral subtraction method. Experiments are also carried out for enhancing the output of HNM by using Klatt synthesizer. Results show that the output of Klatt is almost clear as compared to the HNM output. |
20,735 | Please write an abstract with title: Phase Measurement About Adaptive Notch Filter Based on LMS Algorithm, and key words: Analytical models, Adaptation models, Phase measurement, Filtering algorithms, Information filters, Real-time systems, Notch filters. Abstract: The phase difference of signal is an important measurement parameter in the application of electronic technology. In order to meet the requirements of real-time measurement of signal phase, the paper introduced the phase measurement simulation analysis about adaptive Notch filter based on LMS algorithm, and studies the influence of several parameters on the measuring result. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that changing adaptive step length has evident influence on phase of test results. Thus coming to a conclusion, the phase measurement method can meet the requirements of real-time measurement of signal phase. |
20,736 | Please write an abstract with title: Wearable Haptics for Object Compliance Discrimination Through Passive Touch, and key words: Performance evaluation, Actuators, Telemedicine, Ergonomics, Conferences, Force, Dynamics. Abstract: The ability to estimate compliance is an important human skill related to the tactile sense. When the perception of compliance is mediated by haptic devices, the interaction with objects usually takes place through active exploration from the subject. In this paper, we present a wearable haptic device for transmitting information about object compliance through passive touch, meaning that stimuli are generated by an external agent rather than by user motion. More precisely, the dynamics describing the object indentation is reproduced on the user’s forearm in the form of decoupled cues representing applied force and surface displacement. The development of such a device has a twofold purpose. Firstly, it allows the study of the human capacity for processing decoupled information to deduce object compliance. Secondly, it makes possible to convey object compliance to someone who is not performing the object indentation. This is especially important in contexts like telemedicine and human-robot collaboration.Users’ perception of stiffness, force, and displacement were estimated. Then, a two-phase experiment was carried out to compare the proposed approach with the state of the art. Results of the experimental campaign revealed the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Users were able to discriminate and order objects with different compliance with a success rate 9% greater than the one obtained exploiting state of the art strategies reproducing only forces. |
20,737 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnetic properties of biosynthesized magnetite nanoparticles, and key words: Magnetic properties, Nanoparticles, Saturation magnetization, Superconducting magnets, Microorganisms, Biological materials, Magnetic materials, Magnetic field induced strain, Iron, Morphology. Abstract: Magnetic nanoparticles, which are unique because of both structural and functional elements, have various novel applications. The popularity and practicality of nanoparticle materials create a need for a synthesis method that produces quality particles in sizable quantities. This paper describes such a method, one that uses bacterial synthesis to create nanoparticles of magnetite. The thermophilic bacterial strain Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus TOR-39 was incubated under anaerobic conditions at 65/spl deg/C for two weeks in aqueous solution containing Fe ions from a magnetite precursor (akaganeite). Magnetite particles formed outside of bacterial cells. We verified particle size and morphology by using dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Average crystallite size was 45 nm. We characterized the magnetic properties by using a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer; a saturation magnetization of 77 emu/g was observed at 5 K. These results are comparable to those for chemically synthesized magnetite nanoparticles. |
20,738 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Professional Talent Training Mode on Data Science and Big Data Technology in Local Application-oriented Universities, and key words: Training, Industries, Economics, Big Data, Data science, Sustainable development, Information technology. Abstract: As a national basic strategic resource, big data has become the focus of academia and industry. Under the new situation of "double first-class" construction of national higher education, how can Local Application-oriented Universities scientifically position the talent training objectives of big data major, reasonably set up talent training programs, accurately grasp the talent demand of the industry, cultivate technical talents to meet the needs of social and economic development, and promote the sustainable development of the major according to their own teaching resources and school running conditions, It is the first problem that must be considered in the specialty construction. Taking Ordos Institute of applied technology as an example, this paper explores the talent training system of data science and big data technology major from six aspects of talent training objectives, curriculum system structure, teaching staff construction, teaching research and reform, practical teaching and school enterprise cooperation, so as to provide reference for the talent training reform and development of big data major in Application-oriented brother colleges. |
20,739 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Measurement of Intervertebral Movements Using Radiographic Images, and key words: Motion measurement, Radiography, Shape measurement, Spine, Genetic algorithms, Kinematics, Active shape model, Orthopedic surgery, Genomics, Bioinformatics. Abstract: Measurement of intervertebral movements is essential in the assessment and diagnosis of patient's instability. However, diagnosis of the underlying causes remains problematic despite of extensive study. Reasons for this arise from the variability of detecting vertebral body landmarks, labor and time-consuming of manual point placement, incompletely description of the vertebral body shape and also from the structural complexity of the spine. In this study, the precision and accuracy of a new automatic method for morphometry of intervertebral movements were estimated. Active Contour is a key feature of segmentation and provides rapid and accurate measurement of vertebral shape. Fourier descriptors are used to represent the vertebral shapes. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is then applied to determine the spinal kinematics. Reproducible and reliable determinations of the intervertebral movements of the lumbosacral spine, when performing Flexion-Extension motions, are addressed. This paper describes the accuracy and feasibility of an active shape model (ASM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to measure spine kinematics. |
20,740 | Please write an abstract with title: A High Performance Simulation Framework for Battery Modular Multilevel Management Converter, and key words: Runtime, Graphics processing units, Differential equations, Performance gain, Mathematical models, Libraries, Central Processing Unit. Abstract: This paper introduces a model for a one-phase Battery Modular Multilevel Management (BM3) Converter System described by a system of differential equations This allows to simulate BM3 Systems in a performant manner. The model is implemented in MATLAB and multiple Python extensions. Comparing the runtimes of the simulation on a central processing unit (CPU) and a graphics processing unit (GPU) cores has shown that the CPU implementation currently exceeds the GPU implementation performance-wise. The highest performance was achieved by using the Python compiler Numba. This allows to simulate 1 s uptime of a BM3 Converter with 10 modules in 0.33 s - a reduction by more than factor 130 compared to an existing Matlab/SIMULINK model [1]. |
20,741 | Please write an abstract with title: Visualization of trajectory-based queries in images database, and key words: Visualization, Image databases, Data visualization, Virtual reality, Tools, Rendering (computer graphics), Feature extraction. Abstract: In image databases, queries are usually carried out by comparing the similarity of features extracted from the images, such as texture, shape and color in order to find the images most similar to the defined query center. However, we propose in this work the visual analysis of trajectory-based queries, where instead of defining a single image as the query center, a set of images that represent different temporal instances (“query trajectory”) is defined, retrieving the trajectories belonging to the delimited search area surrounding this query trajectory. This work proposes techniques for visualization of complex data trajectories, considering similarity. The attribution of visual context in the visualization of these trajectories may help in the perception of knowledge in the hidden structures of the data. We developed techniques to summarize related trajectories of classified data and rendering options to improve the visual context of the query in a virtual reality visualization environment. |
20,742 | Please write an abstract with title: A study in the use of PLA-based macros, and key words: Programmable logic arrays, Logic design, Microprocessors, Registers, Logic testing, Large scale integration, Combinatorial mathematics, Logic circuits, Paper technology, Digital systems. Abstract: Describes a study in which a PLA-based macro design of a small processor is carried out in the same technology as the original `random' logic design of the same processor. The objectives of the study were to determine gains or losses in `technology utilization' when a PLA-based approach is used to replace the more conventional `random' logic approach. The results in this case are a design of equal performance and density, with only one-third the power dissipation of the original design. |
20,743 | Please write an abstract with title: All-optical NAND gate using cross gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers, and key words: Optical modulation, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Optical interferometry, Optical signal processing, Optical pumping, Probes, Fiber nonlinear optics, High speed optical techniques, Nonlinear optics, Stimulated emission. Abstract: By using gain nonlinearity characteristics of semiconductor optical amplifier, an all-optical NAND gate at 10 Gbps is demonstrated. The all-optical NAND gate operates in single mechanism, which is XGM. |
20,744 | Please write an abstract with title: Bond Default Prediction Based on Deep Learning and Knowledge Graph Technology, and key words: Computational modeling, Companies, Predictive models, Neural networks, Knowledge representation, Databases. Abstract: The traditional financial models used in bond default mainly focus on the analysis and prediction of bonds issued by listed companies, and they lack early warning abilities for a large number of bonds of nonlisted companies. At the same time, there is a great deal of relational data and category data in bond data. It is of great significance for bond default prediction to use these data reasonably, which may bring considerable revenue to companies in the near future. Therefore, this paper uses multisource information from bonds and issuers as well as macroeconomic data to predict bond defaults based on a knowledge graph and deep learning technology. On the basis of constructing a bond knowledge graph, knowledge representation learning technology is used to vectorize the knowledge in the graph, and the extracted vectors are inputted into the deep learning model as features to forecast bond default. The applied model is the deep factorization machine model, and good prediction results are obtained. |
20,745 | Please write an abstract with title: Releasing ARP Data with Differential Privacy Guarantees For LAN Anomaly Detection, and key words: Privacy, Differential privacy, Telecommunications, Information technology, Local area networks, Anomaly detection. Abstract: Anomaly detection has emerged as a popular technique for detecting malicious behaviors in local area networks (LANs). Various aspects of LAN anomaly detection have been widely studied. Nonetheless, the privacy concern about individual users or their relationship in LAN has not been thoroughly explored in the prior work. In some realistic cases, the anomaly detection analysis needs to be carried out by an external party, located outside the LAN. Thus, it is important for the LAN admin to release LAN data to this party in a private way in order to reveal no information about LAN users; at the same time, the released data must also preserve the utility of being able to detect anomalies. This paper investigates the possibility of privately releasing ARP data that can later be used to identify anomalies in LAN. We present two approaches and show that they satisfy different levels of differential privacy - a rigorous and provable notion for quantifying privacy loss in a system. Our real-world experimental results confirm practical feasibility of our approaches. With a proper privacy budget, both of our approaches preserve more than 90% utility of the released data. |
20,746 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic text categorization of news articles, and key words: Text categorization, Internet, Natural languages, Postal services, Virtual manufacturing, Ambient intelligence. Abstract: To categorize the data reduces the access time. Nowadays, the Internet is one of the biggest data resources. However, most of the data on the Internet is written in natural language. To use the Internet more efficiently, it needs to be categorized. The amount of data and increment rate is so high that this process can not be done by hand. Hence, the necessity of automatic text categorization systems is increasing. In contrast to other languages, there is not much study on Turkish texts. In this study, a system is developed for automatic text categorization of news articles. The articles are classified into 5 different classes and 76% success ratio is achieved. |
20,747 | Please write an abstract with title: Protein dynamics in the THz-range, and key words: Proteins, Amino acids, Spectroscopy, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Raman scattering, Frequency, Optical scattering, Glass, Biological system modeling, Water. Abstract: The mechanism by which the protein dynamics give rise to the particular function is still not understood. We have characterised different amino acids and different proteins in the THz-regime with FTIR absorption spectroscopy over a large frequency range (0.5 THz to 9 THz). We compare these results with molecular dynamics simulations and the spectra of their constituents - water and amino acids. In contrast to amino acids, proteins do not show sharp absorption peaks in the THz-range. Their dynamical behaviour is, as that of water, dominated by relaxation processes. |
20,748 | Please write an abstract with title: Russian Incels Web Community: Thematic and Semantic Analysis, and key words: Seminars, Social groups, Semantics, Internet. Abstract: The purpose of the article was to study the "incels" (from "involuntary celibate") social group in the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet. In the course of the study, the methodology of mixed-methods analysis, thematic and semantic analysis was used. The results of the analysis show the foundations of Russian incels’ ideology and the distribution of its topics. The results obtained are compared with those of the English-speaking communities, which allows highlighting the features of the group of incels in Russia. |
20,749 | Please write an abstract with title: The genetic transistor, and key words: Genetics, Predictive models, Stochastic processes, Circuit simulation, Power supplies, Fluorescence, Transducers, Capacitors, Resistors, Gene expression. Abstract: Regulation of gene expression is accomplished by the binding of transcription factors to the operator regions of promoters. The operator-promoter combination plays a genetic role analogous to that of the transistor in electronic circuits. Analysis of genetic circuits can lead to complex stochastic simulations with many parameters that are difficult to obtain. Electronic transistor models can be similarly complex. However, electronic engineers have developed simplified abstract models that are sufficient for developing predictable designs. By invoking the transistor metaphor, it may be possible to obtain simple models of genetic circuits that offer high predictive ability. To develop such a model, the first step is to recognize the roles that cellular components play in genetic circuits and to identify their specific electronic analogs. While the operator-promoter is part of our genetic transistor, many of the other reactions are not. Consider that the ribosomes and tRNA's are shared by all the genetic circuits in the cell. Through them, each circuit affects the others, though typically in a minor way. This is similar to a shared power supply where resistance can lead to loading effects such as brownout. So, the electronic analog for ribosomes and tRNA's is a voltage source with some impedance. Similarly, the fluorescent reporter output can be modeled as a transducer that features a capacitor in parallel with a resistor. The charge on the capacitor reflects reporter protein concentration while the current in the resistor models the degradation by proteases. The genetic transistor controls the flow from the ribosome "power supply" to the fluorescent reporter "transducer". The transistor's gain depends on the mRNA's half-life and the number of ribosomes that may fit on each mRNA transcript. Other interactions are incorporated to define the genetic transistor. Using these component analogs, genetic circuit models have been constructed for sample circuits. These models are linear but include offsets to account for major nonlinearities. The predictions of these models have been compared to those of high-quality stochastic simulations with favorable results. Limited comparisons with real data from bacterial systems were similarly favorable. The practical use of the genetic transistor model in the design of synthetic genetic circuits is demonstrated. This new metaphor shows promise in addressing complex circuits with minimal effort. |
20,750 | Please write an abstract with title: Demonstration of an eight-user 115-Gchip/s incoherent OCDMA system using supercontinuum generation and optical time gating, and key words: Supercontinuum generation, Nonlinear optics, Optical receivers, Ultrafast optics, Optical waveguides, Optical fiber networks, Multiaccess communication, Bit rate, Bit error rate, Encoding. Abstract: A system demonstration of an eight-user optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) star network, operating at 115 Gchip/s, with a single user bit rate of 5 Gb/s is presented. Error-free transmission is obtained (10/sup -13/ bit-error rate or better). Our two-dimensional time-wavelength incoherent OCDMA encoding is based on supercontinuum generation and spectral slicing; quadratic-congruence prime codes are generated using off-the-shelf components. Integrated ultrafast delay lines based on spiral waveguides enable rapid selectivity at the decoder. The need for optical time gating at high data rate to remove multiple-access interference at the receiver is also investigated. |
20,751 | Please write an abstract with title: graphene-based directional coupler for THz region, and key words: Graphene, Directional couplers, Optical waveguides, Integrated circuit modeling, Electrical engineering, Couplings, Surface waves. Abstract: In this work, we investigated theoretically a directional coupler based on graphene for THz region. The principle of operation of the device consists in the propagation of surface plasma polaritons (SPP) wave in graphene nano-tapes separated by a certain distance. The graphene waveguides are deposited on dielectric substrate. Using finite element method, we analyze the four-port with surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves in graphene waveguides. This device can be used to design plasmonic devices such as couplers, power dividers, switches, ultracompact interferometers, among others. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the division of the signal between two output ports of the coupler is -3.8dB and the isolation of the fourth port is better than -20dB in the frequency band of 14%. The central frequency of the directional coupling can be adjusted by the Fermi energy of graphene through the electrostatic gating, and it allows one to control dynamically the device responses. |
20,752 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Islamic and Conventional Bonds on Firm's Performance: Evidence from Malaysia, and key words: Sensitivity, Finance, Companies, Regression analysis, Business. Abstract: This study aims to examine the impact of Islamic and Conventional bonds on firm performance. Using Malaysian listed companies from 2010 to 2018, the results of the multiple regression analyses show that the bond affects firm performance measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Moreover, we also examine whether the bond affects the firm value (measured by EPS) or not. Results provide mixed results for both conventional and Islamic bonds. The results show that the issuance of conventional bonds positively affects the firm's performance. However, the findings also reveal that the Islamic bond-to-debt ratio negatively affects firm ROA. Next, Islamic bond has a negative effect on ROE. Further, results also reveal that the total debt ratio positively relates to firm performance. On the other hand, both conventional bonds and Islamic bonds have a negative association with the firm value. This study shows that either type of bond is good for companies up to a certain threshold. The manager should deliberate the sensitivity of Islamic bonds while investing. |
20,753 | Please write an abstract with title: A Review of Lightning Location Systems: Part 11-Performance Parameters and Existing Networks, and key words: Lightning, Discharges (electric), Fault location, Magnetic sensors. Abstract: The geolocation and analysis of lightning discharges are fundamental in a wide variety of applications. Typical users of lightning information are meteorological agencies, aviation or air traffic authorities, land management entities, electric power transmission and distribution operators and other public utilities. Nowadays the lightning strike hazards may be properly managed by using well performing Lightning Location Systems (LLS). All sensors and devices of a network used to detect and locate lightning events can be featured by parameters that numerically describe reliability, precision and ranges of operation. This paper proposes an overview on the main parameters of LLSs: Detection Efficiency, False Alarm Rate and Location Accuracy. The effects of Detection efficiency on cloud-to-ground flashes are discussed. Examples of performance parameters of LLS networks in the Mediterranean area are proposed and, finally, two ground truth reference towers are presented. |
20,754 | Please write an abstract with title: 3-D Targets Reconstruction Based on Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave GPR System, and key words: Limiting, Spaceborne radar, Radar detection, Receivers, Radar imaging, Aerospace electronics, Reflection. Abstract: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical method to detect the structure and characteristics of underground burial targets by using high frequency electromagnetic wave. However, for traditional pulse GPR systems, There is still room of progress in stability and signal-to-noise (SNR) of reflections. In this work, in order to reconstruct the 3-D structure of complex objects in underground space, we apply stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW) technology to GPR system and design a reconfigurable multistate GPR (RM-GPR). In addition, we expand back projection imaging algorithm into 3-D space and improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm by limiting the single imaging area and simplifying the self convolution process. The unique aspect of the RM-GPR system is that they can reconstruct the real 3-D contour of the targets in the underground complex space and help people to have an intuitive understanding of unknown targets in underground space. |
20,755 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel 20-MW downhill conveyor system using three-level converters, and key words: Belts, Inverters, Ores, Control systems, Copper, Thyristors, Induction generators, Power generation, Torque control, Choppers. Abstract: This paper presents a very new drive system used to transport ore from the mine down to the concentrator plant in the copper mine "Los Pelambres". Eight 2500-kW motors are driven by three-level inverters with gate-turn-off thyristors (GTOs). A three-level active front end is used at the input side of each inverter. A GTO chopper is used to provide controlled electrical braking in case of line loss. The paper presents the requirements and alternatives for the drive system and the control strategies for the converters and the belt. A novel application of the selective harmonic elimination method is used to reduce the input current harmonics. Special attention is dedicated to the interaction with the electrical network. The most relevant features of the system are: (1) fuseless operation; (2) adjustable power factor; (3) reduced input current harmonics; (4) smooth transition between motoring and regenerating modes; and (5) 15 MW of regenerated power with more than six months of successful operation. |
20,756 | Please write an abstract with title: Ensuring Electromagnetic Compatibility of Control and Measuring Cables in Case of Phase-Shielded Conductor-Induced Interference in Non-Stationary Modes, and key words: Magnetic field measurement, Power measurement, Voltage measurement, Phase measurement, Power cables, Current measurement, Electromagnetic compatibility. Abstract: The article deals with problems of research and analysis of voltages induced in protective shields of three phase shielded conductor in modes of asymmetric short circuits external to generators of power station. The paper presents a method for calculating the field induced by a power frequency current from a generator at a power station. The calculation is made to determine protective measures to ensure electromagnetic compatibility of power equipment with control and measuring cables connecting measuring current and voltage transformers with microprocessor terminals. |
20,757 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Disentangled Representation for Multimodal Cross-Domain Sentiment Analysis, and key words: Sentiment analysis, Task analysis, Feature extraction, Visualization, Training, Correlation, Learning systems. Abstract: Multimodal cross-domain sentiment analysis aims at transferring domain-invariant sentiment information across datasets to address the insufficiency of labeled data. Existing adaptation methods achieve well performance by remitting the discrepancies in characteristics of multiple modalities. However, the expressive styles of different datasets also contain domain-specific information, which hinders the adaptation performance. In this article, we propose a disentangled sentiment representation adversarial network (DiSRAN) to reduce the domain shift of expressive styles for multimodal cross-domain sentiment analysis. Specifically, we first align the multiple modalities and obtain the joint representation through a cross-modality attention layer. Then, we disentangle sentiment information from the multimodal joint representation that contains domain-specific expressive style by adversarial training. The obtained sentiment representation is domain-invariant, which can better facilitate the sentiment information transfer between different domains. Experimental results on two multimodal cross-domain sentiment analysis tasks demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably against state-of-the-art approaches. |
20,758 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Power Flow Control in TCSC Compensated SCIG based Wind Energy Conversion Systems, and key words: Thyristors, Power transmission lines, Firing, Power system stability, Generators, Power capacitors, Wind turbines. Abstract: The generation of power from the wind turbine generator is important as the non- renewable energy sources are lessening day-by-day. Since the windmills are placed far away from consumer end, there is a need of longer transmission line for transfer of electric power from the wind systems. The long-distance line reduces the real power transfer. Hence, for the enhancement of the power, the capacitor compensation is required which can be accomplished through the Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC). This paper aims to utilize the series FACTs device, TCSC in a Squirrel Cage Induction Generator based Wind Energy Conversion Systems for the improvement of power flow. The study, design and analysis of TCSC in the WECs and its way of controlling power flow is proposed. The resonance oscillations caused due to the insertion of capacitor in the line also observed from the simulation results. Modeling and simulation of the TCSC based WECs is done by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. |
20,759 | Please write an abstract with title: Fluss-rückschluss in magnetischen dünnfilmspeichern, and key words: Magnetic flux, Magnetostatics, Soft magnetic materials, Magnetic films, Permeability, Transmission line matrix methods, Poisson equations, Demagnetization, Substrates, Stripline. Abstract: An isotropic soft magnetic layer as a "flux keeper" on top of a magnetic thin-film memory matrix reduces the stray fields of both the film spots and the drive lines. The magnetostatic field distribution around and within a homogeneously magnetized rectangular film spot near a homogeneous, isotropic magnetic layer of a) infinite and b) finite thickness is calculated. Problem a has been solved in three dimensions by introducing image magnetizations. A solution of problem b in two dimensions has been derived using a special mathematical method to obtain and to superpose particular solutions of Poisson's equation. As results, the demagnetizing field and the part of the flux closing through the substrate are given in dependence on the flux keeper's permeability, thickness, and distance from the film. The field of a stripline below the flux keeper is also calculated with some simplifications. Increase of usable drive field and decrease of stray field of the lines dependent on geometry and keeper's permeability are shown. As shown by measurements, the modification of the static and dynamic fields of spots and lines leads to considerable improvements in sense voltages as well as in disturb and switching thresholds of the film spots. The results are discussed with respect to the contributions of the various field effects. |
20,760 | Please write an abstract with title: Frequency hopping signal parameter estimation algorithm based on time-frequency point correlation, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Correlation, Simulation, Clustering algorithms, Spread spectrum communication, Interference, Filtering algorithms. Abstract: Aiming at the low accuracy of frequency hopping signal parameter estimation under the influence of complex noise and interference, a frequency-hopping signal parameter estimation algorithm based on time-frequency point correlation is proposed. First, we design the kernel function to obtain the time-frequency distribution of the frequency-hopping signal. Then, we use the correlation of the time-frequency points to establish the target transfer relationship model. Besides, the feature quantity combines density screening is used for hierarchical clustering, and ridge queuing methods filter out the interference ridge label. Finally, we perform parameter estimation on the frequency hopping ridge. The simulation results show that the parameter error estimated by the proposed algorithm continues to decrease with the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio. In the case of −6dB, the error of each parameter is as low as about 0.1. This algorithm can completely extract the frequency hopping ridge under the condition of a low signal-to-noise ratio, achieve an excellent parameter estimation effect, and provide a reference for communication signal parameter estimation. |
20,761 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of Loss Factor of Mineral Oil and Alternative Fluids with Temperature Normalization, and key words: Oils, Temperature measurement, Conductivity, Current measurement, Dielectric measurement, Temperature, Permittivity. Abstract: This paper proposes the evaluation of loss factor of mineral oil and alternative fluids the natural ester (FR3) with temperature normalization. The oil samples (i.e., mineral oil, natural ester, and palm oil) were prepared for experiments. The oil samples were dried at 70 °C under 200 mbar in the controlled temperature oven and then cooled down to ambient temperature. The moisture contents of the oil samples were measured according to ASTM D1533. The test cell, according to IEC61620, was employed in these measurements. The polarization currents, ipol(t), of such oil samples under electric field stress of 0.2 kV/mm with a temperature range from 30 to 70 °C were measured, The test results are summarized in this paper. The step response measurement results were analyzed for conductivities, permittivity, and loss factor value. It was found that increasing temperature causes increasing conductivities but decreasing permittivity of oil samples. |
20,762 | Please write an abstract with title: Printed Capacitive Immunoassay for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Viral Particles, and key words: COVID-19, Gold, Infectious diseases, Tools, Capacitance, Sensors, Coronaviruses. Abstract: The key to fight against a global pandemic such as COVID-19 is to have low-cost, reliable, fast response diagnostic tools. Electronic biosensors are preferred because of their ease of integration into current centralized health care networks and integration with modern point-of-care testing (POCT) devices. Printed electronic sensors provide a sensitive and reliable diagnostic platform to aid in controlling transmissible diseases. In this work, we demonstrate a fully printed capacitive biosensor. The sensor uses coplanar electrodes, coupled with capture antibodies to detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in spiked buffer solutions. Gold nanoparticle (GNP) tagged detection antibodies are also introduced to provide increased sensitivity. The gold nanoparticles provide a reflectance layer which leads to increased capacitance. This increased capacitance can be measured directly and has demonstrated the ability to screen for spiked samples with statistical significance. This fully printed capacitive immunoassay has the potential to be used as a transmissible disease screening and vaccine efficacy assessment tool for resource-limited areas. |
20,763 | Please write an abstract with title: Stress Concentration Induced by Synnergisticaly Interacting Geometric Discontinuites, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Instruments, Loading, Force, Reliability, Stress. Abstract: Stress concentrations induced by geometric discontinuities can have detrimental effects on the structural reliability and integrity of components subjected to static or cyclic loadings. Thus, it is instrumental to have the knowledge to predict the stress concentration levels induced by a wide range of geometric discontinuities that cannot be avoided in engineering applications. This work aims to shed light into the cooperative interactive stress concentrating effects of coexisting geometric discontinuities. In particular, this work computationally investigates the stress concentration induced by the interaction of closely placed through-holes and fillets. Results show that the stress concentration induced by the cooperative interaction of the investigated geometric discontinuities far exceeds the stress concentration induced independently by each of them. |
20,764 | Please write an abstract with title: Entertainment Chatbot for the Digital Inclusion of Elderly People Without Abstraction Capabilities, and key words: Chatbot, Senior citizens, Entertainment industry, TV, Statistics, Media, Robots. Abstract: Current language processing technologies allow the creation of conversational chatbot platforms. Even though artificial intelligence is still too immature to support satisfactory user experience in many mass market domains, conversational interfaces have found their way into ad hoc applications such as call centres and online shopping assistants. However, they have not been applied so far to social inclusion of elderly people, who are particularly vulnerable to the digital divide. Many of them relieve their loneliness with traditional media such as TV and radio, which are known to create a feeling of companionship. In this paper we present the EBER chatbot, designed to reduce the digital gap for the elderly. EBER reads news in the background and adapts its responses to the user's mood. Its novelty lies in the concept of “intelligent radio”, according to which, instead of simplifying a digital information system to make it accessible to the elderly, a traditional channel they find familiar -background news- is augmented with interactions via voice dialogues. We make it possible by combining Artificial Intelligence Modelling Language, automatic Natural Language Generation and Sentiment Analysis. The system allows accessing digital content of interest by combining words extracted from user answers to chatbot questions with keywords extracted from the news items. This approach permits defining metrics of the abstraction capabilities of the users depending on a spatial representation of the word space. To prove the suitability of the proposed solution we present results of real experiments conducted with elderly people that provided valuable insights. Our approach was considered satisfactory during the tests and improved the information search capabilities of the participants. |
20,765 | Please write an abstract with title: The two-dimensional differential cepstrum, and key words: Cepstrum, Two dimensional displays, Signal analysis, IEEE Press, Adaptive signal processing, Cepstral analysis, Finite impulse response filter, Signal processing, Signal processing algorithms, Deconvolution. Abstract: The two-dimensional (2-D) differential cepstrum, which has no ambiguity in its phase relationship, is introduced as a new basis for homomorphic deconvolution. Its properties and implications are discussed. |
20,766 | Please write an abstract with title: POFBG-Based Humidity Detection Method for Insulating Gas in Electrical Equipment, and key words: Humidity, Sulfur hexafluoride, Temperature measurement, Insulation, Refractive index, Optical fiber sensors, Humidity measurement. Abstract: The accumulation of moisture content undoubtedly threatens the safe operation of gas-insulated electrical equipment. Online humidity monitoring of SF6 is an important way to check the insulation status of live equipment. This article presents a direct optical measurement method based on a polymethyl methacrylate fiber Bragg grating (POFBG) sensor for the humidity detection requirement of SF6 gas with a very small water content. The experimental results show that this method is feasible with the sensitivity and resolution of the POFBG sensor studied being 14.3 pm/% relative humidity (RH) and 0.1% RH in the range of 8.4%–30.4% RH. Additionally, the temperature variation can affect the RH change of gas-insulated substation (GIS) and other sealed containers. Therefore, a reduction method of RH centered on the initial baseline conditions under the condition of constant water content is also proposed. It can eliminate the error in RH measurement caused by temperature variation. |
20,767 | Please write an abstract with title: The Effect of Unsymmetrical Material Combination on the Contact and Switching Behavior, and key words: Welding, Contact resistance, Power engineering, Conductivity, Copper, Oxidation, Security, Materials testing, Voltage, Anodes. Abstract: Contact materials for electrical power engineering in symmetrical and unsymmetrical combination are investigated with respect to welding resistivity, contact resistance, arc motion, and arc erosion, under special consideration of Ag/C. In combination with Ag/C, the welding resistivity as well as the contact resistance of W/Ag and copper are improved. The arc staying time shows a distinct polarity-dependence in the region investigated (l = 350-1800 A). The erosion is also dependent on the polarity. It coincides with the values that can be calculated from the anode and cathode erosions of the symmetrical combinations. |
20,768 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication of high aspect ratio through-wafer vias in CMOS wafers for 3-D packaging applications, and key words: Fabrication, Packaging, Sputter etching, Temperature control, CMOS process, Sputtering, Chromium, Gold, Plastic insulation, Polymers. Abstract: A process for fabrication of through-wafer vias in CMOS wafers is presented. The process presented offers simple and well controlled fabrication of through-wafer vias using DRIE formation of wafer through-holes, low temperature deposition of through-hole insulation, doubled sided sputtering of Cr/Au, and electroless deposition of Cu. A novel characteristic of the process is the use of a metal etch stop layer providing perfect control of the etch profile of the wafer through-holes in combination with a remarkably improved etch uniformity across the wafer. Excellent through-hole insulation is provided through the use of a CVD deposited polymer, Parylene C, whereas electroless deposition of Cu ensures even distribution of the via metallization. |
20,769 | Please write an abstract with title: LShape Partitioning: Parallel Skyline Query Processing using MapReduce (Extended Abstract), and key words: Filtering, Query processing, Conferences, Data engineering, Partitioning algorithms. Abstract: In this study, we propose two parallel skyline processing algorithms using a novel LShape partitioning strategy and an effective Propagation Filtering method. By extensive experiments, we verify that our algorithms outperformed the state-of-the-art approaches, especially for high-dimensional large scale datasets. |
20,770 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-Loss and Low-Crosstalk Fan-in/Fan-out Device for Multicore Fiber Using a Femtosecond Laser Direct Inscription Technique, and key words: Optical losses, Multiplexing, Multicore processing, Crosstalk, Insertion loss, Optical fiber networks, Optical fiber devices. Abstract: We demonstrate a low-loss and low-crosstalk fan-in/fan-out device for three-core fiber using femtosecond laser direct inscription. The fabricated FI/FO device has an averaged insertion loss of 1.33 dB and a crosstalk smaller than −49 dB. |
20,771 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of a silicon-based shear-force sensor on human subjects, and key words: Sensor phenomena and characterization, Humans, Force sensors, Force measurement, Silicon, Integrated circuit measurements, Sensor systems, Piezoresistance, Microelectromechanical systems, Integrated circuit technology. Abstract: A silicon sensor is developed and its ability to measure both compressive and shear forces at the skin-object interface is characterized. The sensor is designed based on the piezoresistive effect and fabricated using integrated circuit and microelectromechanical systems technologies. The sensor utilizes a mesa structure that leads to asymmetric diaphragm deformations in response to nonnormal loading. Four independent ion-implanted piezoresistors are used to detect the stresses induced in diaphragm and resolve both the compressive- and shear-force components. The sensor is calibrated on human subjects over a range of applied force (5- to 40-N shear force at increments of 1.25 N; 0- to 30-N compressive force). Force measurement via a tracking experiment is evaluated at four shear (9, 18, 25, and 35 N) and three compressive (7, 15, and 26 N) force levels. The sensor has good repeatability (SD/spl cong/1.7 N) with an average error of 12.1%. |
20,772 | Please write an abstract with title: Loss Modelling and Analysis of a High-Efficiency Wireless Power Transfer System for Automated Guided Vehicle Applications, and key words: Analytical models, Voltage measurement, Computational modeling, Wires, Proximity effects, Wireless power transfer, Skin. Abstract: In this paper, the high-accuracy loss modelling and analysis of a kW-level wireless power transfer (WPT) system for automated guided vehicles (AGVs) robotic applications are presented. The proposed analysis process is universally fit for WPT system design. First, a simplified coil AC loss model is built, with consideration of skin and proximity effects. Compared with previous models, the proposed model maintains the analytical accuracy and realizes 62.5% computing time decrease in average. Also, the shielding effects and electronic losses are analyzed respectively, through both analytical deduction and finite element analysis (FEA). Influences of the parameter variation on the efficiency performances are specifically illustrated, including the input voltage and load condition. Thus, the deduced system efficiency is obtained and compared with the measured counterpart. Within the whole operating range, the system efficiency remains over 85%, with the deduction error lower than 2.3%. Specially, under rated condition, the deduction error is only 0.3%. All the results prove the high precision of the presented loss modelling and analysis for the proposed system. |
20,773 | Please write an abstract with title: Beam Scanning Transmitarray Employing Reconfigurable Dual-Layer Huygens Element, and key words: Propagation losses, Reflection coefficient, Surface impedance, Surface waves, Substrates, Reflection, Strips. Abstract: A Ku-band electronic 2-dimensional (2-D) beam-scanning transmitarray employing a new reconfigurable dual-layer Huygens element is developed in this article. The Huygens element consists of two metallic crosses printed on two layers of a dielectric substrate, which enables a near nonreflection Huygens resonance. A 1 bit phase compensation with low transmission loss is realized by controlling two p-i-n diodes on the element. Compared with many other reconfigurable transmitarray elements using multilayer structures with metallic vias, the proposed reconfigurable Huygens element has a much simpler configuration with a simpler biasing network, and it is not affected by multilayer alignment errors. This particularly facilitates large aperture array development at higher frequencies. To validate the design concept, an electronically reconfigurable transmitarray with the proposed element is fabricated at 13 GHz. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results is found, showing 2-D scanning beams within ±50° in the E-plane and ±40° in the H-plane with a maximum realized gain of 18.4 dBi. |
20,774 | Please write an abstract with title: Principal component separation in sparse signal recovery for harmonic retrieval, and key words: Frequency estimation, Iterative algorithms, Convolution, Extrapolation, Particle measurements, Iterative methods, Additive white noise, Application software, Computer simulation, History. Abstract: Methods for best basis selection (BBS) can be used to address the problem of harmonic retrieval using a large basis of harmonically related complex sinusoids with an iterative reweighted BBS method. This approach produces a data-consistent representation with a maximally sparse set of non-zero expansion coefficients. The method is modified to accommodate the presence of additive white noise by the application of principal component separation or SVD truncation. Using computer simulations for a classic example involving two closely spaced complex sinusoids, we illustrate the properties and performance of this frequency estimator in comparison to its predecessor, the adaptive extrapolation method. Over a limited range of low SNR values, the method performs better than many of the established harmonic retrieval techniques, despite the presence of an estimation bias. |
20,775 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed MAS with Leaderless Consensus to Job-Shop Scheduler in a Virtual Smart Factory with Modular Conveyors, and key words: Task analysis, Production, Job shop scheduling, Smart manufacturing, Robots, Schedules, Production facilities. Abstract: Increasingly intelligent and adaptable manufacturing systems are required to meet the current demands for customization and more excellent responsiveness in the factories. Multi-agent technology can be used to make these systems compatible with Industry 4.0 concepts, integrating elements of the factory that communicate and collaborate continuously, resulting in a more optimized and self-organized production. This article presents a distributed Multiagent System (MAS) that interacts with elements of a virtual Smart Factory, developing behaviors to control the production and logistics of modular conveyors at the factory. A Job Shop Scheduling algorithm, supported by a leaderless consensus mechanism, allows the execution of tasks with different processing orders. The system can pre-adjust its transport route to pass certain groups of machines in the required order. |
20,776 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid 3D Package with RDL and Laminate Substrate for Ultra-Thin and High-Bandwidth Applications, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Reliability, Substrates, Laminates, Routing, Solid modeling, Finite element analysis. Abstract: In this work, a hybrid 3D package combining a redistribution layer (RDL) and laminate substrate layer for ultra-thin and high-bandwidth mobile applications are discussed and demonstrated. The motivation behind this hybrid 3D package structure was leveraging the advantages of high density RDL layer and advanced laminate substrate layer in one package to optimize package features or performance in bandwidth, package height, assembly manufacturing and package level as well as board level reliability to each specific industry requirement. For demonstration purposes, a 12.5×12.5-mm hybrid 3D packages combining a high density RDL and advanced laminate-substrate layer were designed and manufactured. In this demonstration, the 12.5×12.5-mm hybrid 3D package showed 395 μm package height including ball grid array (BGA) solder ball height and package warpage of +64 μm (in crying mode) at 25°C and -81 μm (in smile mode) at 260°C. The demonstration package passed package level reliability tests including unbiased highly accelerated stress test (uHAST), temperature cycling (TC) test and high temperature storage (HTS) test. The package showed less creep strain energy density (CSED) of the BGA solder balls under board level reliability-temperature cycling conditions than that of the RDL-based 3D package in the finite element model (FEM) simulation to a fully top package and 3D package stacked structure. |
20,777 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of the exclusion/extraction InSb MOSFETs, and key words: MOSFETs, Photonic band gap, III-V semiconductor materials, Computational modeling, Frequency, Semiconductor device doping, Computer simulation, Low voltage, Leakage current, Temperature. Abstract: A methodology for simulation of InSb MOSFETs in standard drift-diffusion simulators is presented. Due to its low bandgap and high mobility, InSb shows promise as a material for extremely high frequency active devices operating at very low voltages. Material complexities, such as non-parabolicity, degeneracy, mobility and Auger recombination/generation are explained, and physics based models are developed. This methodology is then applied to the examination of the leakage current, transconductance and maximum unity current gain frequency of the exclusion/extraction MOSFET. Its scaling properties down to 0.15 /spl mu/m are also analyzed. |
20,778 | Please write an abstract with title: Object-oriented design methodology applied to the modeling of USB device and bus interface layers, and key words: Design methodology, Object oriented modeling, Universal Serial Bus, Electronic design automation and methodology, System-on-a-chip, Design engineering, Hardware, Consumer electronics, Space exploration, Prototypes. Abstract: Important changes are taking place in the EDA world as System-on-Chip (SoC) IC products create new market segments. These ICs have multiple complex cores that need to be integrated in order to allow the chip to perform the complete system function. At the moment chip-processing equipment is capable of producing technology that is far more advanced than what the design tools can do. This design gap can be reduced by the use of new tools and methodologies based on high levels of electronic systems abstraction. Object-oriented techniques and languages have been proven to significantly increase engineering efficiency in hardware development. Many benefits are expected from their introduction into electronic modeling. Among them are better support for model reusability and flexibility, more efficient system modeling, and more possibilities in design space exploration and prototyping. In this paper we present an object-oriented methodology used to create the models of USB device and bus interface protocol layers. |
20,779 | Please write an abstract with title: Protocol-Based Output-Feedback Control for Semi-Markov Jump Systems, and key words: Switches, Switched mode power supplies, Markov processes, Protocols, Control systems, Process control, Control theory. Abstract: This study addresses the output-feedback control problem for general semi-Markov jump systems with a memory-dynamic event-triggered protocol. Based on the average dwell-time strategy, a novel framework of semi-Markov process subject to a higher level deterministic switching signal is constructed, where the Markov renewal process is nonhomogeneous. Aiming at improving communication efficiency and control performance, a novel dynamic-memory event-triggered protocol is proposed, and the resulting system can be transformed into a time-delay system. By considering an asynchronous memory-based output-feedback control law, whose asynchronization can be modeled by a nonhomogeneous hidden semi-Markov model, some parameter-dependent sufficient criteria are forwarded to ensure the mean-square exponential stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the presented approach are testified by two examples. |
20,780 | Please write an abstract with title: Loose synchronization of multithreaded replicas, and key words: Yarn, Concurrent computing, Scheduling algorithm, Operating systems, High performance computing, Multithreading, Processor scheduling, Transaction databases, Middleware, Fault tolerance. Abstract: Although multithreading can improve performance, it is a source of nondeterminism in application behavior. Existing approaches to replicating multithreaded applications either synchronize replicas at the interrupt level, at the expense of performance, or use a nonpreemptive deterministic scheduler at the expense of concurrency. This paper presents a loose synchronization algorithm for ensuring deterministic replica behavior while preserving concurrency. The algorithm synchronizes replica threads only on state updates by enforcing an equivalent order of mutex acquisitions across replicas. |
20,781 | Please write an abstract with title: Benchmarking Dynamic Capacitated Arc Routing Algorithms Using Real-World Traffic Simulation, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Software algorithms, Urban areas, Transportation, Benchmark testing, Traffic control, Routing. Abstract: The dynamic capacitated arc routing problem (DCARP) aims at re-scheduling the service plans of agents, such as vehicles in a city scenario, when dynamic events deteriorate the quality of the current schedule. Various algorithms have been proposed to solve DCARP instances in different dynamic scenarios. However, most existing work evaluated their algorithms' performance based on artificially constructed dynamic environments instead of using more realistic traffic simulations which are built on actual traffic data. In this paper, we constructed a novel DCARP benchmarking framework based on the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) transportation simulation software, which allows to include real-world traffic environments for generating a set of DCARP instances from dynamic events, such as road congestion or task changes. The flexibility of the framework allows to develop DCARP optimization algorithms and evaluate their effectiveness more comprehensively. We use the benchmarking framework to generate 12 different dynamic instances using real-world traffic data of Dublin City. We then demonstrate the value of our framework by using these instances to compare our previously proposed hybrid local search algorithm (HyLS) with a state-of-the-art meta-heuristic optimization algorithm. The generated benchmark scenarios indicate that HyLS is a very effective optimizer on DCARP scenarios with real traffic data for reducing the total service cost. They also demonstrate the importance of our DCARP benchmarking framework for the development and benchmarking of optimization algorithms in more realistic scenarios. |
20,782 | Please write an abstract with title: System Level IR Drop Impact on Chip Power Performance Signoff for RISC-V System on Chip, and key words: Resistance, Power supplies, Switches, Voltage, Routing, Silicon, System-on-chip. Abstract: Understanding of how a chip power performance is impacted by the IR drop of a power delivery network (PDN) enables system operating conditions to be optimized. It allows IR drop impacts to a silicon chip to be identified and fixed early during design phases. Conventionally, the static and dynamic IR drop analysis for a silicon chip only considers the impact of silicon level power switching gates and metal routing. Such an analysis approach assumes the power supply from voltage regulator module (VRM) to silicon bumps is noise-free and steady, without taking the impacts of system level components into considerations [1]–[4]. In our opinions, such an analysis approach is unduly optimistic and causes IR drop signoff to be less reliable. This paper uses a RISC-V CPU as a case study to illustrate the importance of the external components in an IR drop analysis. The characterization results show that an IR drop of 100mV caused by PDN impedance can result in the targeted clock speed to be reduced by up to 500MHz, which is equivalent to a 50% performance degradation for a 1GHz CPU and is significant. Then, the impact of system level IR drop caused by package, board and VRM to a silicon chip power performance is further shown. A comparison between the conventional Redhawk chip IR drop simulation and our approach is presented. Our modelling methodology, which uses a system-level distributed PDN to increase IR drop analysis accuracy has also been described in detail. It is shown that external factors including package, board and VRM can induce up to 5.8% additional IR drop, or, 0. 058V for a 1V power supply. This may cause the targeted clock speed to be reduced by up to 250MHz in the actual silicon. It is demonstrated that the intrinsic resistance and impedance of PDN if not being managed properly could negate the power delivery efficiency and impacting silicon performance. |
20,783 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear interaction between two photons mediated by nonlinear media embedded in a cavity, and key words: Nonlinear optics, Optical pulse shaping, Photonics, Nonlinear optical devices, Optical pulses, Optical materials, Shape, Quantum entanglement, Information technology, Quantum mechanics. Abstract: In this study, the nonlinear interaction between two photons mediated by a finite-sized nonlinear optical medium placed inside of a cavity is theoretically discussed. As a model of a finite-sized nonlinear optical system, a Frenkel exciton system composed of N sites is employed. In order to evaluate the two-photon optical nonlinearity, the conventional semiclassical theory for evaluation of the nonlinear phase shift is utilized. |
20,784 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Self Adaptive Fuzzy Unsupervised Clustering Ensemble Based On Spectral Clustering, and key words: Performance evaluation, Adaptive systems, Clustering algorithms, Forestry, Feature extraction, Indexes. Abstract: Nowadays, the goal of ensemble clustering approach, including the heterogeneity and huge number of variables, is to get the underlying structure based on the clustering quality results. In this context, we improve cluster ensemble approach based on cluster forest using Self-Adaptive Fuzzy C-Means (SAFCM) method to determine a good local base clustering. This proposed approach consists of two stages. To begin, unsupervised feature selection method is designed on the constructed of better variables on simulated data under the kappa metric. Next, we ameliorate the spectral clustering algorithm applied to find final grouping. Then, the SAFCM is used to obtain also the best number of K clusters and the optimal fuzzy exponent. This algorithm consists of three key steps: initially, a new algorithm is run which aims to get the best initial centroids values based on fuzzy density factor and distance. Next, new fuzzy cluster validity index (VI) is applied to evaluate the accurate number of the selected clusters. Finally, self adaptive FCM for the optimal value of Fuzzy weighting exponent m was proposed. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed clustering approach, we use eight datasets. Fur then, the performance of our system will be compared with several methods. |
20,785 | Please write an abstract with title: On Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability during Very Slow Yogic Breathing, and key words: Spectral analysis, Heart rate variability, Nervous system, Humans, Hafnium, Heart rate, Frequency synchronization, Monitoring, Abdomen, Statistics. Abstract: Very slow yogic breathing techniques provide valuable insights into mechanisms of autonomous nervous system regulation that are usually not available for human subjects. This paper presents results of eight sessions of Nadi Shodhana Pranayama practiced at rate of one breath per minute. We characterized statistic and spectral measures of heart rate variability before, during, and after exercises. Significant changes include increase of VLF frequencies caused by slow breathing and decrease in average interbeat interval from 959.3 to 904.1 ms (t(7) = -7.5, p<0.001). We present the results of HRV analysis and analyze origins of characteristic frequency components. The most prominent changes of the exercise include significant increase of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and LF/HF ratio, and decrease of breathing frequency after the exercise against the state before the exercise. The maximum LF frequency decreased from 0.0919 Hz to 0.07125 Hz (t(7) = -3.255, p < 0.01), indicating the decrease of average breathing rhythm from 5.5 breaths/min to 4.3 breaths/min. In addition, the state after the exercise is characterized by disappearance of VLF frequencies from the spectrum, and a significant increase of LF/HF from 14.33 to 50.93 (t(7) = 2.461, p < .05) |
20,786 | Please write an abstract with title: Image simulator for one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer, and key words: Microwave radiometry, Computational modeling, Antenna measurements, Circuit simulation, Calibration, Phase measurement, Image retrieval, Circuit testing, Microwave circuits, Noise generators. Abstract: Calibration for a one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer is critical. Phase and amplitude calibration of the visibility samples must be carried out to compensate for system bias before measurement. This bias mainly comes from the un-uniform characteristics and the couplings between the receiving channels. To take into account this problem, a numerical image retrieving method is considered using an intermediate transformation matrix called the gain matrix or simply G-matrix. This matrix takes into account all the couplings and un-uniformed amplitude and phase between the channels. However, measuring the G-matrix is not an easy job. One has to set up a point source in the far field and rotate the system in the fan beam direction. The difficulty is mainly due to the incomplete test environment. A measurement set-up called image simulator is present. It is a circuit network composed of a number of high accurate microwave I-Q vector modulators and a noise generator. It simulates the incoming waves to the thinned antenna array corresponding to any image scene to be measured. While in measurement, the simulator's outputs are connected to the RF inputs of each channel. The incoming wave is then simulated by computer program to drive each of the digital I-Q vector modulators. The design and test of the image simulator are presented followed with test results of G-matrix. |
20,787 | Please write an abstract with title: A case study for evaluating learners' behaviors from online cybersecurity training platform on digital forensics subject, and key words: Training, Pandemics, Geology, Digital forensics, Laboratories, Behavioral sciences, Data mining. Abstract: Virtual cybersecurity training platforms play an important role in developing the knowledge and practice skills of students in educational institutions and universities. It helps learners can access virtual laboratories through web interfaces without any geolocation restriction, especially in the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, instructors can monitor and understand learners' behaviors in practice sessions by analyzing actions and logs from the virtual platform. But, to realize this feature, such a platform must gather data during cybersecurity training for data mining tasks. In this paper, we introduce a virtual laboratory platform to facilitate cybersecurity training courses, namely vLab. In addition, we apply clustering analysis to the actions of learners to better understand the capabilities of trainees in resolving given challenges in digital forensics subject. With the built-in behavior analyzer in vLab, instructors can find out the common mistakes, and the reasons for learners' failure results, or identify whether they actually conduct experiments to get answers for digital forensics challenges or not. |
20,788 | Please write an abstract with title: Fan-Out Panel-Level Packaging of Mini-LED RGB Display, and key words: Light emitting diodes, Packaging, Layout, Glass, Substrates, Liquid crystal displays, Plasma temperature. Abstract: In this study, the feasibility of mini-light-emitting diode (LED) RGB display fabricated by a chip-first fan-out panel-level packaging is investigated. Emphasis is placed on the design, materials, process, fabrication, and reliability of the mini-LED RGB display package on a printed circuit board (PCB). The mini-LEDs under consideration and their sizes are red ( 125 ×250 ×100 μm), green ( 130 ×270 ×100 μm), and blue ( 130 ×270 ×100 μm). The spacing among the RGB mini-LEDs is 80 μm, the pixel-to-pixel spacing is also ~ 80 μm, and the pixel pitch is 625 μm. The temporary glass panel for making the redistribution layers (RDLs) of the package is 515 ×510 ×1.1 mm in size. To increase the SMT assembly yield on the PCB, the mini-LEDs are grouped into 4( 2 ×2 pixels)-in-one surface mount device (SMD), that is, a total of 12 R, B, and G mini-LEDs. A PCB ( 132 mm ×77 mm) is designed and fabricated for the drop test of the mini-LED package. Thermal cycling of the mini-LED SMD PCB assembly is also performed by a nonlinear temperature- and time-dependent finite-element simulation. |
20,789 | Please write an abstract with title: De‐densification of Spaces and Work Environments, and key words: Monitoring, Buildings, Sensors, Tracking, Temperature sensors, Real-time systems, Intelligent sensors. Abstract: This chapter discusses the concept of de‐densification of spaces and work environments. It focuses on technologies that can be utilized for office physical/desk distancing in support of Office Social Distancing (OSD) and Office Dynamic Cluster Monitoring and Analysis (ODCMA). COVID‐19 management, both in the hospital and nursing home context, as well in the OSD/ODCMA context, can be viewed as a "healthcare‐related" issue. Radio Frequency Identification and Wi‐Fi are at the basis of most commercial real time location system (RTLS) applications; other solutions utilize Ultra‐Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth, ZigBee, infrared, and ultrasound. In the smart‐tag‐based monitoring arrangement, each user is required to wear tag that advertises its unique identity, which is captured by in‐building nodes utilizing various wireless communication technologies. The radio frequency identification system includes a reader, a tag, and an application system. A UWB tag‐based RTLS provides the best possible accuracy for localized environments. |
20,790 | Please write an abstract with title: A Dual Attention Module for Real-time Facial Expression Recognition, and key words: Feature extraction, Real-time systems, Facial features, Face recognition, Training, Faces, Convolution. Abstract: In this paper, a real-time face expression based on a Convolutional Neural Network with a Dual Attention Module is presented for classifying various facial emotions. The system contains two main components. Firstly, local convolutional features of faces are extracted by the VGG13 baseline. Secondly, dual attention masks are automatically employed to enhance the backbone end based on the global probability of features. It represents the position and channel of the feature map. The local features from baseline are combined with the attention to infer the emotional label module. A single network is trained in an end-to-end scheme with five million parameters. Experiments on benchmark datasets show the attention module gives increased accuracy. Besides, this module provides lightweight and runs 60.20 frames per second when working in real-time on CPU devices. |
20,791 | Please write an abstract with title: A 2.47 μJ/sample QR-Decomposition-based Extreme Learning Machine Engine Supporting Online Class Incremental Learning for ECG-based User Identification, and key words: Heart, Extreme learning machines, Biometrics (access control), Neural networks, Electrocardiography, Very large scale integration, Solid state circuits. Abstract: In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications, smart devices generate massive data during monitoring machine status. Meanwhile, authorized access to these IIoT data and machines becomes crucial where biometrics comes in handy [1]. Among all bio-signals, Electrocardiography (ECG) signal has two key advantages: 1) ECG signals indicates electrical activity of the heart, providing intrinsic proof of liveness. 2) ECG signals cannot be easily eavesdropped without physical contact [2]. These anti-spoofing features make ECG an attractive biometric modality in the IIoT scenario. One challenge in such user identification system is how to identify a “newly enrolled user” efficiently without retraining the entire system as shown in Fig. 1. That is, the classifier of the system should “incrementally” learn the new authorized users without “forgetting” the previously learned/trained ones, called “online class incremental learning (O-CIL).” It involves both “online learning (OL)” and “class incremental learning (CIL).” However, most back-propagation-based neural networks (BP-NN) suffers from the notorious “catastrophic forgetting,” which results in severe accuracy degradation due to the recency learning bias towards new classes [3]. To deal with the issue of catastrophic forgetting, the scalable extreme learning machine (S-ELM) [4] provides an analytical solution by online updating the classifier with recursive least squares (RLS). However, the matrix-inversion operations of conventional RLS are very computation-intensive, which is not suitable for direct VLSI implementation. Moreover, most existing ELM chips only support inferencing [5], lacking the O-CIL capability. |
20,792 | Please write an abstract with title: A new piecewise linear representation method based on the R-squared statistic, and key words: Time series analysis, Fitting, Machine learning, Big Data, Business intelligence. Abstract: In recent years, different piecewise linear representation (PLR) methods have been proposed to segment time series. This paper proposes a new PLR method based on the R-squared statistic. The main principle is that the R-squared statistic is inversely proportional to the fitting error and directly proportional to the amplitude change of a segment. A rule is formulated that introducing an extra PLR segment is not worthwhile unless the R-squared statistic becomes larger. By comparing the R-squared statistic between newly added segments and original segments, the best PLR segments can be selected in a transparent manner. Simulation and industrial examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
20,793 | Please write an abstract with title: Computational Analysis of Vulnerability to Reentry in Acute Myocardial Ischemia, and key words: Adaptation models, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Computational modeling, Simulation, Myocardium, Cardiology. Abstract: The influence of each ischemic component (hypoxia, hyperkalemia, and acidosis) on arrhythmogenesis is controversial and difficult to study experimentally. In the present study, we investigate how the different ischemic components affect the vulnerable window (VW) for reentry using computational simulations. Simulations were performed in a 3D biventricular model that includes a realistic ischemic region and the His-Purkinje conduction system. At the cellular level, we used a modified version of the O’ Hara action potential model adapted to simulate acute ischemia. Three different levels of ischemia were simulated: mild, moderate, and severe. The effects on the width of the VW of each ischemic parameter were analyzed. The model allowed us to obtain a realistic reentrant pattern corresponding to ventricular tachycardia in all simulations. Results suggest that the ischemic level plays an important role in the generation of reentries. Furthermore, hypoxia has the most significant effect on the width of the VW The presence of Purkinje system is key to the generation of reentries. |
20,794 | Please write an abstract with title: Passive fault-tolerant control for a class of discrete-time switched affine systems, and key words: Actuators, Sufficient conditions, State feedback, Fault tolerant systems, Switches, Reliability engineering, Trajectory. Abstract: This paper investigates the issue of passive fault tolerant control design for a class of discrete-time switched affine systems with actuator faults based on $H_{\infty}$ approach. A reliable state feedback controller is designed such that it can tolerate actuator faults. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the fault tolerant controller are derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) by using quadratic Lyapunov function approach, and the $H_{\infty}$ performance constraint can be satisfied by solving a convex optimisation problem with LMIs constraints. Finally, a numerical example and a DC-DC motor example are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
20,795 | Please write an abstract with title: Iterative decoder architectures, and key words: Iterative decoding, Table lookup, Delay, Parity check codes, Arithmetic, Samarium, Performance gain, Viterbi algorithm, Throughput, Pipeline processing. Abstract: Implementation constraints on iterative decoders applying message-passing algorithms are investigated. Serial implementations similar to traditional microprocessor datapaths are compared against architectures with multiple processing elements that exploit the inherent parallelism in the decoding algorithm. Turbo codes and low-density parity check codes, in particular, are evaluated in terms of their suitability for VLSI implementation in addition to their bit error rate performance as a function of signal-to-noise ratio. It is necessary to consider efficient realizations of iterative decoders when area, power, and throughput of the decoding implementation are constrained by practical design issues of communications receivers. |
20,796 | Please write an abstract with title: Wearable Electronics for Home Automation, and key words: Wearable computers, Smart homes, Companies, Real-time systems, Sensors, Biomedical monitoring, Monitoring. Abstract: The technologies and popularity has been increased for wearable day-to-day life. In everyday life, wearable technologies are expected to become an indispensable thing. The aim is to study up to twofold, Based on the specifications and applications, wearable technologies are classified as; wearable health technologies, wearable consumer electronics. The other aim of wearable technologies will be a big thing for both people's daily life and doing business in companies in the future. Wearable technologies will be more entertaining, easier, healthier, safer, quicker in the developing future. The advantage of this home automation will be sensing, easily configuring, securable, which provides the user with a neat solution. |
20,797 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of Arcing Faults in Paper and Oil in Transformers—Part I: Using the Duval Pentagons, and key words: Databases, Oils, Oil insulation, Maintenance engineering, Fault diagnosis, Delays, On load tap changers, Transformers. Abstract: It is now possible to detect dangerous arcing faults in the paper insulation of transformers and distinguish them from arcing faults in oil, using new sub-zones of Duval Pentagons 1 and 2. |
20,798 | Please write an abstract with title: International abstracts, and key words: Abstracts. Abstract: Presents abstracts of selected international papers in the communications industry. |
20,799 | Please write an abstract with title: An analysis of different colocated router network topologies within a POP in IP networks, and key words: Network topology, Intelligent networks, IP networks, Costs, Switches, Spine, Joining processes, Access protocols, Fabrics, Computer networks. Abstract: In this paper, we propose an extensive analysis of different co-located router network topologies within the same POP. This analysis in done in the context of the POP topological optimization problem in IP networks. This problem consists of selecting the number of routers and their type, selecting the interface card types and connecting the access and the backbone links to the ports. The goal is to find the minimum cost POP. Three topologies are analyzed: tree, ring and full-meshed topologies. For each of those topologies we propose a complexity analysis, feasibility conditions, and valid inequalities. |
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