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Please write an abstract with title: Two-Port Characterization and Transfer Immittances of AC-DC Converters–Part II: Applications, and key words: Power system stability, Stability analysis, Analytical models, Couplings, Circuit stability, HVDC transmission, Power electronics. Abstract: This two-part paper presents a general method to model three-phase ac-dc converters as two-port networks for power system stability studies. Part I of the work has developed the two-port network models and identified two types of transfer characteristics that are unique to ac-dc converters and important for system stability. Part II presents the applications of the developed models in stability analysis of different power systems that use ac-dc converters, including grid integration of converter-based generation from wind, PV and other renewable sources, grid-connected dc microgrids and dc distributed power systems, high-voltage dc transmission, as well as hybrid ac-dc power systems. While impedance-based stability analysis has been studied for each of these systems, the new two-port models, especially the transfer immittance models, make it possible and easy to formulate more complete system models to include dynamics and coupling effects that have been ignored or impossible to consider in the past. The methods to study the stability of each type of systems are explained and illustrated by case studies that also highlight the effects of coupling modeled by the transfer immittances on system stability. Each case study also exemplifies a practical stability concern in converter-based power systems.
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4,601
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Please write an abstract with title: A design of dual-band dipole antenna with reflector and FSR using genetic algorithm, and key words: Base stations, Dipole antennas, Dual band, Mobile antennas, Reflector antennas, Structural engineering, Genetic algorithms. Abstract: A 2 GHz / 3.5 GHz dual-band vertically polarized dipole antenna equipped a reflector and frequency selective reflector (FSR) is considered in this study. The problem to design the antenna is that there are many structural parameters for designing the antenna. This paper reports the results of finding the structural parameters that satisfy the antenna performance required for mobile base station antennas by applying a genetic algorithm.
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4,602
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Please write an abstract with title: A novel interactivity environment for integrated intelligent transportation and telematic systems, and key words: Intelligent transportation systems, Telematics, Intelligent vehicles, Road transportation, Road vehicles, Visualization, Joining processes, Displays, Videos, Testing. Abstract: Advances in intelligent transportation are rapidly sensing and connecting both highways and vehicles. This recent availability of high-speed communication and large quantities of information are rapidly changing the way we perceive transportation. In order to develop technologies and applications that are practical in this intelligent environment, it is important to consider specific ways to best use this infrastructure effectively. This paper focuses on the development of and experiments with a visualization environment that presents an interactive, immersive, and context-preserving display of outdoor information. The developed visualization integrates a variety of types of information about a section of interstate such as aerial photographs, maps, and live outdoor videos into a single interactive environment. Additionally, a wireless mobile testbed is presented that allows the undertaking of novel interactivity experiments among mobile participants without requiring a fully instrumented vehicle. These systems allow effective experimentation with and integration between highway and vehicle based real-world intelligent transportation systems.
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4,603
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Please write an abstract with title: An Aperture Fed Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna For X-Band Applications, and key words: PIN photodiodes, Patch antennas, Resonant frequency, Switches, Microstrip antennas, Control systems, Aperture antennas. Abstract: This manuscript implements Aperture Fed miniaturized microstrip patch antenna to achieve frequency reconfigurability. The proposed design comprehends two similar PIN diodes at upper substrate positions. Aperture feed is provided by compressing the feed line between the upper and lower substrate to decrease spurious waves at higher frequencies, enabling the antenna for X band applications. The reconfigurability of the antenna is achieved by controlling the switching of modeled two PIN diodes. The frequency switching is 11.58 GHz when both the diodes are On to 11.66 GHz when both the Switches are Off. It has a band stating from 11.39 GHz to 11.83 GHz.
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4,604
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Please write an abstract with title: Flow electrification in high power transformers: BTA effect on pressboard degraded by electrical discharges, and key words: Power transformers, Degradation, Petroleum, Power transformer insulation, Oil insulation, Temperature, Surface discharges, Chemicals, Current measurement, Power measurement. Abstract: The flow electrification process occurring at the oil-pressboard interface in high power transformers seems to cause electrical discharge incidents and may cause failures. The goal of this experimental study is to measure and to compare the streaming current obtained from unused pressboard, pressboard artificially degraded by electrical discharges, and pressboard obtained from a damaged power transformer. The influence of additive 1,2,3 Benzotriazole (BTA) in oil is also analyzed. The results show that flow electrification is greatly increased by the degraded pressboards compared with the new one. On the other hand, adding of BTA significantly reduces flow electrification.
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4,605
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Please write an abstract with title: Local Binary Pattern and Census, Which One is Better in Stereo Matching, and key words: Hamming distance, Face recognition, Object detection, Measurement techniques, Encoding, Data mining, Pattern matching. Abstract: Local binary patterns and Census share similar ideas of encoding the local region by establishing the relationship between neighbor pixels to obtain robust feature transformation. Recently, LBP and its variants have been successfully applied in various applications, such as texture classification, face recognition, object detection, and segmentation, while Census has only been used to investigate stereo correspondence problem. Therefore, this paper investigates the LBP and Census using a non-local-based stereo matching method in order to analyze and discuss the main differences between LBP and Census. Moreover, as many as one hundred variants of LBP have been published to solve various problems, while only a few modifications of the Census exist for stereo matching. Comprehensive experiments with the indoor, Middlebury dataset stated that some novel LBPs that perform well in texture classification and face recognition also work well in a stereo matching application. In most cases, LBP and its variants compare favorably to Census in terms of the accuracy of the stereo method. These results proved that LBP and its variants are suitable for using in solving the stereo correspondence problem or improving the performance of existing stereo methods.
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4,606
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Please write an abstract with title: A new FPGA packing algorithm based on the modeling method for logic block, and key words: Field programmable gate arrays, Logic circuits, Logic programming, Logic devices, Logic design, Libraries, Table lookup, Circuit synthesis, Signal synthesis, Microelectronics. Abstract: Logic block packing is a necessary procedure of synthesis in FPGA CAD flow. In academic field, the existent packing algorithm, such as TV-Pack, is architecture-dependent and only applied to a certain type of logic blocks. In this paper, a novel function level modeling method for logic block is proposed. Furthermore, universal pack, a universal logic block packing algorithm based on this modeling, is presented and implemented. The experimental results show that this algorithm is architecture-independent and able to deal well with different types of logic blocks. Then the modeling method is proved to be right and quite effective for logic block packing
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4,607
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic model selection with its applications to computer security, and key words: Application software, Computer security, Intrusion detection, National electric code, Telecommunication traffic, Change detection algorithms, Electronic mail, Traffic control, Performance analysis, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: In recent years there has been increased interest in detecting anomalies in network traffic data/audit logs for computer security. With the appearance of a masquerader, for example, any new anomalous behavior pattern may be observed in command line data, and it is an important issue to detect the emergence of such a pattern as early as possible. This paper addresses this issue of anomaly detection by dynamically selecting statistical models from data. Our goal is here not to select a single model over the data as in conventional statistical model selection, but to select a time series of optimal models efficiently, assuming that the true model may change over time. We call this approach dynamic model selection. We first propose a coding-theoretic criterion for dynamic model selection. Next, we propose two dynamic model selection algorithms attaining the minimum of the criteria and analyze their performance. Finally we demonstrate the validity of our algorithms through real application to masquerade detection using UNIX command sequences.
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4,608
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Please write an abstract with title: Self-Learning Sparse PCA for Multimode Process Monitoring, and key words: Trajectory, Process monitoring, Data models, Principal component analysis, Informatics, Optimization, Computational modeling. Abstract: This article proposes a novel sparse principal component analysis algorithm with self-learning ability for multimode process monitoring, where the successive modes are learned in a sequential fashion. Different from traditional multimode monitoring methods, a small set of data are collected when a novel mode arrives. The proposed method remembers the learned knowledge by selectively slowing down the changes of parameters important for the previous modes, where the importance measure is estimated by synaptic intelligence. The sufficient condition of fault detectability is proved to provide a comprehensive understanding of the proposed method. Besides, the computation and storage resources are saved in the long run, because it is not necessary to retrain the model from scratch frequently and data are discarded once they have been learned. More importantly, the model furnishes excellent interpretability and the catastrophic forgetting problem is further alleviated owing to the sparsity of parameters. In addition, the hyperparameters are discussed to understand the proposed method comprehensively and the computational complexity is analyzed. Compared with several state-of-the-art approaches, a numerical case, and a practical pulverizing system are adopted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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4,609
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Please write an abstract with title: 2021 IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Fellow Class Announced [Society News], and key words: Awards. Abstract: Presents RAS members who were elevated to the status of IEEE Fellow in 2021.
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4,610
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Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Model of a Strain Induced Lateral Channel Workfunction Engineered Surrounding Gate MOSFET, and key words: Silicon, Logic gates, MOSFET, Electric potential, Strain, Threshold voltage, Analytical models. Abstract: In this paper, we have investigated the impact of biaxial strain on a linearly graded work-function engineered (WFEG) surrounding gate (SRG) MOSFET. A pseudo-morphic deposition of thin layer silicon on a relaxed SiGe buffer develops a biaxial strain in the silicon channel which affects the band structures of the deposited silicon film. This modulation decreases the effective bandgap and enhances the electron affinity along with a net decrease in the effective masses of current carriers thereby improving the device characteristics. A well-known Poisson Equation is solved in the channel region to analytically acquire the surface potential and threshold voltage profile. The results are also been validated by TCAD simulations.
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4,611
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Please write an abstract with title: A strategy for involving undergraduates in the development of teaching methods, and key words: Education, Testing, Civil engineering, Leaching, Feedback, Concrete, Professional societies, Educational technology. Abstract: This paper presents the author's experience using undergraduates to develop, test, and evaluate teaching methodologies. Various strategies were employed over the course of 4 years to involve undergraduates in the development and refinement of effective teaching methods in civil engineering technology. Both upper and lower classmen were consulted and selected to participate in the process. Some of the involvement strategies tested included standard campus wide student evaluations, student committees, selected classroom discussions, special student meetings, and panel discussions at student club meetings. The pros and cons of each involvement strategy are presented along with recommendations for further study.
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4,612
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Please write an abstract with title: Behavior of Bioinspired Algorithms in Parallel Island Models, and key words: Genetic algorithms, Sociology, Statistics, Genomics, Particle swarm optimization, Optimization, Computational modeling. Abstract: Parallel island models are used to increase accuracy and performance (speed-up) of meta-heuristics. Such models provide gains by the exchange of information between islands through the migratory process. The key to obtaining gains with parallel island models is the manipulation of migration parameters, since depending on how these parameters are handled the gains vary. Based on this assumption, this work uses three meta-heuristics: genetic algorithm, self-adjusting particle swarm optimization and social spider algorithm. From each metaheuristic, parallel island models were proposed, diversifying the number of natives on the islands, and the behavior of these models were studied. The assessment confirmed the impact of variations migration parameters on accuracy and performance as well as the importance on the number of natives located on the islands. The best solutions were obtained with island models from genetic algorithm and self-adjusting particle swarm optimization, and the best speedups were achieved with island models from social spider algorithm.
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4,613
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Please write an abstract with title: A congestion-management allocation mechanism for multiple transaction networks, and key words: Pricing, Counting circuits, Environmental economics, System testing, Large-scale systems, Electricity supply industry, Management information systems, Financial management, Power system management. Abstract: In this paper, we present a physical-flow-based congestion management allocation mechanism for multiple transaction networks. We use the multiple transaction network framework constructed to characterize transmission congestion and then determine the contribution to congestion attributable to each transaction on a physical-flow basis. This allocation scheme explicitly addresses the issue of counter flows. The allocation results are used in the congestion relief of the independent grid operator (IGO) so as to allow it to acquire relief services to remove the overload congestion attributed to each transaction from the network in the most economic manner. The congestion charges attributable to each transaction for its usage of the network are also determined. We tested the proposed scheme on several systems and we illustrate its capabilities on a network based on the IEEE 57-bus system. We discuss the policy implications of the congestion relief allocation solution. The proposed scheme provides physically reasonable results and is applicable to large-scale networks.
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4,614
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Please write an abstract with title: Weather Information Acquisition System using Small Wireless Microcomputers and Environmental Sensors for Agricultural Sector, and key words: Wireless communication, Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Wireless sensor networks, Costs, Crops, Microcomputers. Abstract: The empirical rules of farming that have guided farmers in Japan were previously inherited by their successors. However, these empirical rules have largely been lost with the exodus from farmlands due to generations of farmers passing away without being sufficiently replaced by successors. We have constructed a low-cost system for acquiring meteorological data using small wireless microcomputers and environmental sensors as one solution to this problem. In this paper, we present the proposed system and then explain the various problems that occurred in an experimental demonstration of the system. After that, we describe our solutions to those problems. In addition, we clearly visualize the collected environmental data.
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4,615
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Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised Deconvolution Neural Network for High Quality Ultrasound Imaging, and key words: Radio frequency, Ultrasonic imaging, Deconvolution, Ultrasonic variables measurement, Imaging, Loss measurement, Unsupervised learning. Abstract: High quality US imaging demand large number of measurements that can increase the cost, size and power requirements. Therefore, low-powered, portable and 3D ultrasound imaging system require reconstruction algorithms that can produce high quality images using fewer receive measurements. Number of model specific methods has been proposed which doesn't work under perturbation. For instance, compressive deconvolution ultrasound which provide a reasonable quality with limited measurements however, it has its own down-sides such as high computation cost and accurate estimation of point spread function (PSF). An other major limitation of conventional methods is that they require RF or base-band signal which is difficult to obtain from portable US systems. To deal with the aforementioned issues, in this study we designed a novel deep deconvolution model for image domain-based deconvolution. The proposed deep deconvolution (DeepDeconv) model can be trained in an unsupervised fashion, alleviate the need of paired high and low quality images. The model was evaluated on both the phantom and in-vivo scans for various sampling configurations. The proposed DeepDeconv significantly enhance the details of anatomical structures and using unsupervised learning on average it achieved 2.14dB, 4.96dB and 0.01 units gain in CR, PSNR and SSIM values respectively, which are comparable to the supervised method.
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4,616
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Please write an abstract with title: A Comparative Study on the Drum Sound Recognition Algorithms Based Deep Learning, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Recurrent neural networks, Instruments, Software algorithms, Music, Music information retrieval, Software engineering. Abstract: Drums are difficult to recognize not only because the sounds overlap when many instruments are played simultaneously, but also the notes and beats vary depending on how they are played. This study compared the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) algorithm that analyzes the sequence of time and the Conversion Neural Network (CNN) algorithm that analyzes data in image form to compare which machine learning algorithms show better performance for drum sound recognition. Through this, this research wanted to study which algorithm to recognize musical instruments is appropriate, and contribute to the area of Music Information Retrieval (MIR).
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4,617
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Please write an abstract with title: Chameleon: Contactless Operation Method for Public Devices, and key words: Prototypes, Logic gates, Pins, Security. Abstract: Due to the spread of new coronavirus infections, it is desirable to allow people to use public devices such as PIN type smart locks or vending machines without touching them directly. Therefore, we developed a method that enables contactless operation of various public devices using personal smartphones while reducing the impact on existing public devices. This method imitates chameleons of the animal. Therefore, we call it chameleon. We developed the chameleon based on Web application and applied it to PIN type smart locks. Then, we confirmed the effectiveness of the chameleon as the method of contactless operation.
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4,618
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Please write an abstract with title: DQ0 Modelling and Parameterization of small Delta connected PM Synchronous Machines, and key words: Mathematical model, Rotors, Torque, Stator windings, Current measurement, Resistance, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: This paper presents an extended dq0-model for small delta-connected Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM), the design of a prototype and the parameterization of the model parameters by testbench measurement. The familiar dq-fundamental equations are thereby extended to consider harmonic effects. This allows the inclusion of the zero-sequence flux-linkage. The model, based on the dq0-flux-linkages and the stator resistance, enables the calculation of the zero-sequence current and a more precise inner torque estimation compared to state of the art fundamental models. The rotor position dependent dq-flux-linkage estimation is based on the measured dq-voltages and the solution of the simplified differential system equation. Detection of the zerosequence current yields to the zero-sequence flux-linkage. In this paper, we also present a prototype design of a PMSM machine with additional zero-sequence current sensing. Testbench measurement at constant controlled currents enables the parameter identification. For validation, the identified parameters are compared with existing Finite Element Analysis.
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4,619
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Please write an abstract with title: A Comparison of IMPATT Oscillator Power and Frequency Above 100 GHz with Results Derived from Theoretical Models, and key words: Diodes, Microwave filters, Millimeter wave circuits, Coaxial components, Millimeter wave technology, Microwave oscillators, Waveguide transitions, Cutoff frequency, Transmission line matrix methods, Waveguide discontinuities. Abstract: A comparison is made of experimentally determined IMPATT oscillator frequency and power characteristics in the 90-140-GHz band with values obtained from detailed theoretical models. The results show encouraging agreement and demonstrate the potential of the modeling approach for oscillator design.
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4,620
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Please write an abstract with title: Super resolution imaging through opacity based on auto-modulated speckle illumination, and key words: Location awareness, Image resolution, Imaging, Lighting, Speckle, Lasers and electrooptics, Media. Abstract: Imaging through opacity is proposed based on auto-modulated multimode fiber speckle illumination. The imaging resolution is improved by making use of the intrinsic characteristics of the speckle illumination and a localization strategy.
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4,621
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Please write an abstract with title: Crop Growth Monitoring Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle For Farm Field Management, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Automation, Profitability, Surveillance, Turning, Agriculture, Unmanned aerial vehicles. Abstract: Agriculture is an area that can provide enormous automation opportunities. The fields that cultivate it are as the need for food increases quickly. It is not easy to increase the number of fields that meet current demands. With increasing fields, monitoring and monitoring of these areas is challenging. The surveillance of many fields is a laborious task and human-sensitive. The proposed model can overcome such a difficult task with automation by advancing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology and artificial intelligence. This paper presents an approach to perform field surveillance by using UAV to assign a grade to every field, which is related to crop growth. On a banana planting, this technology has been shown but also made it modular to be used without requiring too much effort for different crops.
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4,622
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Please write an abstract with title: Quantum key distribution with 1.25 Gbps clock synchronization, and key words: Clocks, Synchronization, Optical transmitters, Bit rate, Detectors, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Field programmable gate arrays, Silicon, Error analysis, Optical attenuators. Abstract: Clock recovery techniques at 1.25 Gbps enable continuous quantum key distribution at demonstrated sifted-key rates up to 1.0 Mbps. This rate is two orders of magnitude faster than has been reported previously
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4,623
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Please write an abstract with title: Properties of multi-hump temporal cavity solitons, and key words: Solitons, Fiber lasers, Laser mode locking, Optical fiber polarization, Quantization, Ring lasers, Optical pulses, Pump lasers, Working environment noise, Laser excitation. Abstract: The properties of multi-hump (-pulse) temporal solitons in passively mode-locked fiber lasers have been investigated. All the features reported before on soliton operation have been discovered on multi-hump soliton operation for the first time.
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4,624
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Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid ANN-Linear Controller for Maximum PV Energy Harvesting in Grid-Tied Packed E-Cell Inverter, and key words: Inverters, Capacitors, Maximum power point trackers, Topology, Voltage control, Switches, Artificial neural networks. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel auxiliary control loop based on irradiation and ambient temperature for online estimation of the inverter current; consequently, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is achieved while Photo Voltaic (PV) panel is connected to the grid through the Nine-Level Packed E-Cell (PEC9) inverter. To this end, a hybrid control method including an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), PID and PI controllers is designed to achieve the Maximum Power (MP) of PV system connected to grid using Nine-Level PEC9 as a cost-effective and high efficient inverter topology. MPPT is performed by a boost converter controlled by Perturbation and Observation (P&O) algorithm. PEC9 is controlled by a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) which increases the closed loop robustness performance against the parameters variations. The experimental and simulation studies have been implemented by dSpace-1104, MATLAB software and JKM265P-60 PV panel. The experimental results show that PEC9 inverter succeeds in injecting the MP of PV to the grid with least THD level even in shading and variable temperature conditions.
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4,625
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Please write an abstract with title: AODV based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Maximum Lifetime in MANET, and key words: Energy efficiency, Routing protocols, Mobile ad hoc networks, Batteries, Ad hoc networks, Mobile computing, Availability, Telecommunication traffic, Telecommunication network topology, Spine. Abstract: A mobile ad-hoc network which does not use a wired network and base station system is composed of a group of mobile and wireless nodes. There are various types of restrictions. The biggest restriction is the confined energy of the batteries. If the network is divided into more than two, and one of the nodes consumes all the energy, that node can no longer participate in the network. In recent years, much research has been under taken to not only improve the energy storage but also to lengthen the networks lifetime. In this paper, we propose that the enhanced AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) routing protocol which is modified to improve the networks lifetime in MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork). One improvement for the AODV protocol is to maximize the networks lifetime by applying an Energy Mean Value algorithm which considerate node energy-aware. We know the effectiveness of enhanced AODV compared with existing AODV by using NS-2. ..
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4,626
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Please write an abstract with title: Classification of Partial Discharge Signals Using 1D Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Partial discharges, Partial discharge measurement, Deep learning, Training, Voltage measurement, Gaussian noise, Interference. Abstract: For decades, partial discharge (PD) measurement has been used as a common tool for assessing the insulation condition of high voltage (HV) systems. Background noise and interference resulting from the measurement environment and other power electronic devices in the setup make PD diagnosis challenging and more difficult. Signal processing tools employed for PD classification usually require a significant effort and expertise to extract semi-automated features from the time domain PD signals. The performance of a PD detection system depends heavily on the quality of these features. With the emergence of new technologies, wherein the interference pulses become more similar to PD pulses, automatic feature extraction has become a necessary prerequisite to have a reliable PD detection system. Therefore, the implementation of techniques based on deep neural networks that enable automated feature extraction and classification is needed. In this paper, a one dimensional convolutional neural network has been designed that takes a set of time series waveforms as the input and is capable of classifying PD sources in the presence of additive Gaussian noise and discrete spectral interference.
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4,627
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Please write an abstract with title: Data Acquisition and Signal Processing System for CW Radar, and key words: FPGA, MATLAB, Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART), FFT, STFT. Abstract: The purpose of this work to develop simple and effective data acquisition and signal processing algorithm for radar system. Except hardware, data acquisition and signal processing are important parts of Radar system. In this work 8 channel ADC (which can be used as a single channel as well) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), are used to convert the analog signal into digital format to feed computer. To perform the signal processing on the received data and to store this data in excel file MATLAB environment is used. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) are used to get Doppler information in this work. To test this system and check its performance an experiment is conducted using small DC fan.
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4,628
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance analysis of direct communication scheme in tactical radio access networks based on UMTS, and key words: Performance analysis, Radio access networks, 3G mobile communication, Mobile communication, Communications technology, Wireless networks, Telecommunication network reliability, Communication networks, Radio network, Wireless communication. Abstract: In fast moving combat situations, the role of military wireless network is emphasized significantly. Over last decade, the civilian mobile communication technology has proceeded at an unprecedented pace. The advantages of civilian mobile communication technology, such as large capacity and reliable transmission, are attractive to the tactical communication network designers. As a result, lots of researches to apply the advantages of the civilian communications technology and architecture to designing the tactical communication systems have been investigated. Especially, the adaptation of the radio network subsystem (RNS) framework of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) for the tactical wireless communication system has been investigated. In this paper, we propose a new direct communication scheme in tactical radio access networks based on UMTS. The simulation results show the feasible performance when the direct communication scheme is applied in tactical radio access networks based on UMTS
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4,629
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Please write an abstract with title: Structure and Key Technologies of Wireless Sensor Network, and key words: Wireless communication, Location awareness, Wireless sensor networks, Target tracking, Military computing, Sensors, Communication system security. Abstract: With the improvement of scientific and technological level in China, wireless sensor network technology has been widely promoted and applied, which has now been popularized to various fields of society from military defense. Wireless sensor network combines sensor technology, communication technology and computer technology together, and has the ability of information collection, transmission and processing. In this paper, the structure of wireless sensor network and node localization technology are briefly introduced, and the key technologies of wireless sensor network development are summarized from the four aspects of energy efficiency, node localization, data fusion and network security. As a detection system of perceiving the physical world, WSN is also facing challenges while developing rapidly.
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4,630
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Please write an abstract with title: Plasmonic Waveguides: Enhancing quantum electrodynamic phenomena at nanoscale, and key words: Green's function methods, Plasmons, Spontaneous emission, Elementary particle vacuum, Electromagnetics, Electrodynamics, Mathematical model. Abstract: The emerging field of plasmonics may lead to enhanced light–matter interactions at extremely nanoscale regions. Plasmonic (metallic) devices promise to efficiently control classical and quantum properties of light. Plasmonic waveguides are usually employed to excite confined electromagnetic modes at nanoscale that can strongly interact with matter. Analysis shows that nanowaveguides share similarities with their low-frequency microwave counterparts. In this article, we review ways to study plasmonic nanostructures coupled to quantum optical emitters from a classical electromagnetic perspective. Quantum emitters are mainly used to generate single-photon quantum light that can be employed as a quantum bit, or “qubit,” in envisioned quantum information technologies. We demonstrate different ways to enhance a diverse range of quantum electrodynamic phenomena based on plasmonic configurations by using the Green’s function formalism, a classical dyadic tensor. More specifically, spontaneous emission and superradiance are analyzed through Green’s function-based field quantization. The exciting new field of quantum plasmonics could lead to a plethora of novel optical devices for communications and computing applications in the quantum realm, such as efficient single-photon sources, quantum sensors, and compact on-chip nanophotonic circuits.
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4,631
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Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning Algorithms for ccRCC Data Analysis, and key words: Proteins, Machine learning algorithms, Static VAr compensators, Support vector machine classification, Receivers, Feature extraction, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Malignant tumors are one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal cell carcinoma. Discovering latent factors through genetic testing help diagnose the disease. Due to the complexity of proteomics, we used machine learning models to classify the disease and choose proteins with important features, in order to reduce irrelevant detection. We used different machine learning methods, including logistic regression (LR), support vector classification (SVC), and random forest classifier (RFC) for feature selection with different classification algorithms, e.g., SVC, XGBoost, and Multilayer Perceptron, to predict diseases. Differences among various machine learning methods were compared to improve classification accuracy and present key features. The ccRCC dataset with 11,817 proteins and 194 patients was used for model development. According to the evaluation, LR and RFC showed a larger area in the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), compared to SVC. In the LR ccRCC dataset, the feature selection method achieved an AUC of 0.995 while the RFC feature selection method of RFC achieved AUC up to 0.996. By comparing different classification algorithms with the RFC feature selection method, RFC, XGBoost, and LR achieved AUCs of 0.996, 0.995, and 0.992, respectively, where LR has the lowest AUC score. However, using the LR classifier model with the LR feature selection method achieved an AUC of 0.995. These results demonstrated that different machine learning algorithms must be matched with different feature selection methods to classify data.
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4,632
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Please write an abstract with title: Modular multi-resolution vision processor, and key words: Image resolution, Pixel, Image edge detection, Correlation, Prototypes, Optical noise, Image segmentation, Image matching, Robots, Hardware. Abstract: We have been developing processing modules, and processor systems which consist of these modules, dedicated to visual recognition. These processor systems and modules are expected to be efficient and reliable for various kinds of computer vision applications. The modules developed are listed below: (1) Direct Image Correlation Module (2) Multiple Model Images Module (3) Real-time Edge Detection Module (4) Multiple Resolution Module This paper focuses on the multiple resolution module which was developed after presenting the last paper in the 1985 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (1). This module made it possible to decrease the processing time from 2.5 sec to 0.03 sec (less than the image acquisition time) for medium resolution (128×128) images.
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4,633
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis the Influence of Double Forked Intelligent Blade Tip Structure on Vibration Mode of Wind Turbine under Yaw by Big Data Technology, and key words: Vibrations, Employee welfare, Blades, Wind speed, Wheels, Big Data, Software. Abstract: In order to study the influence of double forked intelligent blade tip structure on natural frequency and vibration frequency of wind turbine at different yaw angles, numerical simulation of wind turbine with different blade tip structure was carried out by using big data technology and ANSYS software. The numerical results show that: under different yaw angles and the same wind turbine speed, the double forked blade tip structure can slightly reduce the first and second order mode, which are less than 1Hz. Under different wind turbine speeds and the same yaw angle, the double forked blade tip can significantly improve the vibration frequency, with the first order vibration frequency dropping up to 11.96% and the second order vibration frequency dropping up to 6.8%. It can be seen that the results provide experimental basis for vibration characteristics of wind turbine under yaw condition.
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4,634
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Please write an abstract with title: UAV Cluster Task Assignment Algorithm Based on Improved Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer, and key words: UAV cluster task assignment, artificial gorilla troops optimizer, Halton sequence, information sharing search strategy, golden sine strategy. Abstract: Efficient task execution and optimized combat effectiveness can be achieved when a cluster of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) work collaboratively by assigning various tasks to each UAV reasonably. This paper suggests an algorithm for assigning tasks to a cluster of UAVs using an improved version of the Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer (GTO) that incorporates multiple strategies. The proposed algorithm adopts the Halton sequence to generate the initial population to ensure diversity. It uses an information sharing search strategy to enhance communication between the silverback gorilla and the population, effectively jumping out of the local optimal solution. In addition, the problem of inadequate solution accuracy caused by rapid convergence in the middle and later stages of iteration is improved using the golden sine strategy to coordinate GTO’s global searching and local mining capabilities. Based on the experimental results, it has been determined that the proposed algorithm outperforms other swarm intelligence algorithms in terms of convergence value and rate across various test functions. Additionally, it has been found to achieve faster and more stable task assignment results.
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4,635
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Please write an abstract with title: Instrumentation for the measurement of the thermal conductivity of hydrating concrete, and key words: Probes, Conductivity, Heating systems, Thermal conductivity, Analog-digital conversion, Oils, Liquids. Abstract: Knowledge of the thermal conductivity of hydrating concrete facilitates more accurate thermal modeling. This information coupled with thermal management techniques, reduce the risk of crack formation during the curing phase in large concrete structures. In this paper, the thermal conductivity probe method of measuring the thermal conductivity of hydrating concrete is described together with the design considerations necessary for the successful implementation of the technique. The design of a portable instrument capable of performing thermal conductivity measurements in-situ and the algorithms used to automate the measurement process are presented.
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4,636
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Please write an abstract with title: InterpretableSAD: Interpretable Anomaly Detection in Sequential Log Data, and key words: Training, Event detection, Supervised learning, Machine learning, Big Data, Prediction algorithms, Data models. Abstract: Anomaly detection in sequential log data is a common data analysis task as it contributes to detecting critical information, such as malfunctions of systems. However, due to the scarcity of anomalies, the traditional supervised learning approaches cannot be applied for anomaly detection tasks. Meanwhile, most of the existing studies only focus on identifying the anomalous log sequences and cannot further detect the anomalous events in a sequence. In this work, we present InterpretableSAD, an interpretable log anomaly detection framework that can achieve both anomalous sequence and fine-grained event detection. Given a set of normal log sequences, we propose a data augmentation strategy to generate a set of anomalous sequences via negative sampling so that we can train a binary classification model based on the observed normal sequences and the generated anomalous sequences. After training, the classification model is able to detect real anomalous log sequences. We then consider the anomalous event detection as a model interpretation problem and apply an interpretable machine learning technique in a novel way to detect which parts of the sequences, a.k.a, anomalous events, lead to anomalous issues. Experimental results on three log datasets show the effectiveness of our proposed framework.
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Please write an abstract with title: TensorLib: A Spatial Accelerator Generation Framework for Tensor Algebra, and key words: Productivity, Tensors, Algebra, Programming, Rendering (computer graphics), System-on-chip, Space exploration. Abstract: Tensor algebra finds applications in various domains, and these applications, especially when accelerated on spatial hardware accelerators, can deliver high performance and low power. Spatial hardware accelerator exhibits complex design space. Prior approaches based on manual implementation lead to low programming productivity, rendering thorough design space exploration impossible. In this paper, we propose TensorLib, a framework for generating spatial hardware accelerator for tensor algebra applications. TensorLib is motivated by the observation that, different dataflows share common hardware modules, which can be reused across different designs. To build such a framework, TensorLib first uses Space-Time Transformation to explore different dataflows, which can compactly represent the hardware dataflow using a simple transformation matrix. Next, we identify the common structures of different dataflows and build parameterized hardware module templates with Chisel. Our generation framework can select the needed hardware modules for each dataflow, connect the modules using a specified interconnection pattern, and automatically generate the complete hardware accelerator design. TensorLib remarkably improves the productivity for the development and optimization of spatial hardware architecture, providing a rich design space with tradeoffs in performance, area, and power. Experiments show that TensorLib can automatically generate hardware designs with different dataflows and achieve 21% performance improvement on FPGA compared to the state-of-the-arts.
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Please write an abstract with title: Decoding concatenated codes using soft information, and key words: Decoding, Concatenated codes, Reed-Solomon codes, Computer science, Algorithm design and analysis, Linear code, Error correction codes, Laboratories, Binary codes, Computational complexity. Abstract: We present a decoding algorithm for concatenated codes when the outer code is a Reed-Solomon code and the inner code is arbitrary. "Soft" information on the reliability of various symbols is passed by the inner decodings and exploited in the Reed-Solomon decoding. This is the first analysis of such a soft algorithm that works for arbitrary inner codes; prior analyses could only, handle some special inner codes. Crucial to our analysis is a combinatorial result on the coset weight distribution of codes given only its minimum distance. Our result enables us to decode essentially up to the "Johnson radius" of a concatenated code when the outer distance is large (the Johnson radius is the "a priori list decoding radius" of a code as a function of its distance). As a consequence, we are able to present simple and efficient constructions of q-ary linear codes that are list decodable up to a fraction (1 - 1/q - /spl epsiv/) of errors and have rate /spl Omega/(/spl epsiv//sup 6/). Codes that can correct such a large fraction of errors have found numerous complexity-theoretic applications. The previous constructions of linear codes with a similar rate used algebraic-geometric codes and thus suffered from a complicated construction and slow decoding.
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4,639
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Please write an abstract with title: Cyberspace News Prediction of Text and Image with Report Generation, and key words: Cyberspace, Feature extraction, Logistics, Data models, Forestry, Streaming media, Predictive models. Abstract: The cyberspace news consumption is increasing day by day all over the world. The main reason for cyber space news consumption is due to its rapid spread of information and its easy access which lead people to consume news rapidly without the knowledge of whether the news is false or true. Thus, it leads to the wide spread of false news which leads to the negative impacts on society. Therefore false news prediction on cyberspace is attracting a tremendous attention. The issue of fake-news prediction on cyberspace is both challenging and relevant as spreading of fake news occurs in various streams like text, audio, video, images etc. This model works on processing the text and images together by providing an interactive Application Interface (API), i.e. text by applying the model Logistic regression classifier and image by applying self-consistency algorithm. The natural language tool kit (NLTK) model is used for these implementation through python. Once the news is predicted fake, a report is redirected to the authorized website (cybercrime department) to take the immediate necessary actions required to stop these news from spreading.
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4,640
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Please write an abstract with title: System-Level Access to On-Chip Instruments, and key words: Protocols, Transmitters, Instruments, IEEE Standards, Hardware, System-on-chip, Complex systems. Abstract: Modern integrated circuits (ICs) contain thousands of instruments to enable testing, tuning, monitoring, and so on. These on-chip instruments must be accessed through the ICs' life-time. However, when ICs are mounted on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), access from system-level is challenged due to complex system hierarchies with a multitude of interfaces. In this paper we enable access from system-level to chip-level instruments by proposing hardware, protocol, and communication schemes. We have validated our scheme by implementing a system with two ICs on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) where each IC includes an IEEE Std. 1687 network, communication between ICs is with Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) and communication with the outside is with Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART). In experiments we evaluate communication based on software (polling) and hardware (interrupt) as well as overhead in terms of transported data and needed area.
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4,641
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Please write an abstract with title: Detection and diagnosis of rotor and stator faults in open end winding induction motor, and key words: Circuit faults, Bars, Stator windings, Rotors, Integrated circuit modeling, Mathematical model. Abstract: Inter-turn short circuits and broken bars are serious faults, being of the most potentially destructive electrical faults in electrical motors. If these faults are not detected on-time, it can quickly expand and generate serious damage and even full damage to the motor. The objective of this paper is the modeling, diagnosis and detection of broken bar faults and inter-turn short circuit faults in Open End Winding Induction Motor (OEW-IM) based on Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) method by the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The analysis and fault signature of the machine is performed in a healthy and defective condition in the event of the inter-turn short-circuit fault and broken rotor bars fault. The motor performance is tested under load torque and with different faulty conditions: one in a healthy condition, the second with one inter-turn short-circuits and the third with broken bars. The obtained results presents an importance of the proposed method that can be used for accurate fault detection of electrical motors.
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4,642
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Please write an abstract with title: Probability distribution of speech signal spectral envelope, and key words: Probability distribution, Frequency estimation, Random processes, Gaussian distribution, Linear predictive coding, Signal generators, Stochastic processes, Speech processing, Signal processing, Laplace equations. Abstract: We propose a model for the generation of speech signals based on the stochastic properties of the speech signal. It is shown that the speech signal is the multiplication of a Gaussian random process (RP) by a slowly time-varying Rayleigh RP. This assumption is justified since it results in a spherically invariant random process (SIRP) with a Gaussian distribution in short intervals and a Laplacian distribution for long intervals. This result is justified by studying the probability distribution function (PDF) of the estimated power spectrum density (PSD) of the speech signal using linear predictive coding (LPC) for several segmentation lengths. Our experiments show that the PDF of the estimated PSD is well approximated by a Rayleigh distribution around the formant frequencies and by a Gaussian distribution in frequencies far from the formant frequencies.
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4,643
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Please write an abstract with title: Invariant Subspace Approach to Boolean (Control) Networks, and key words: Indexes, Support vector machines, Computational complexity, Mathematical models, Manganese, Knowledge engineering, Genetics. Abstract: A logical function can be used to characterize a property of states of a Boolean network (BN), which is considered as an aggregation of states. The dynamics of a set of logical functions are called the dual dynamics of the set. To illustrate the dual dynamics of a given set, which characterizes our concerned properties of a BN, the invariant subspace containing the set of logical functions is proposed, and its properties are investigated. Then, the invariant subspace of Boolean control network (BCN) is also proposed, and its dynamics are obtained. Finally, using outputs as the set of logical functions, the minimum output based dual dynamics is considered and proposed as the minimum realization of BCNs. The minimum realization might have much smaller size, which provides a possible solution to overcome the computational complexity of large scale BNs/BCNs. As an example, the proposed approaches for both BN and BCN are applied to an opinion dynamic network to demonstrate the efficiency of the technique proposed in this article.
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4,644
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Please write an abstract with title: Missing the wave? Scattershot funding has its costs, and key words: Scattering, Costs, Pervasive computing, Wearable computers, Mobile computing, Europe, Business, Personal communication networks, Ubiquitous computing, Asia. Abstract: Funding initiatives often drive large-scale research agendas in both academia and industry. In many instances, these initiatives arise from projects led by a few individuals who articulate a compelling vision of the future. In our fields, the late 1980s and early '90s provided several such visions and demonstrations. Mark Weiser at Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center) coined the term ubiquitous computing in 1988 and is often credited with the vision that we still hold today. Focused initiatives often gather a community of researchers and industry people who normally might not communicate as readily. This community helps set the research agenda for the field and set the standards by which results can be accessed. It defines benchmarks and produces common resources such as hardware and software infrastructure and reference databases that can help transition the technology to industrial partners. Scattershot funding can lead to research being applied to many different areas without the research's own internal discipline.
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4,645
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Please write an abstract with title: Learning Dynamic User Interest Sequence in Knowledge Graphs for Click-Through Rate Prediction, and key words: Semantics, Task analysis, Knowledge engineering, Deep learning, Bridges, Predictive models, Encoding. Abstract: Despite that path-based and embedding-based models with knowledge graphs (KGs) achieve better recommendation performance compared with other deep learning based methods, such improvement is limited due to a lack of modeling user’s dynamic interest. To address this issue, we explore a principled model to provide semantic understanding of each item in user’s historical interest sequence in KGs. Specifically, we propose a multi-granularity dynamic interest sequence learning method, which is based on knowledge-enhanced path mining and interest fluctuation signal discovery, to obtain semantic-enhanced paths. Furthermore, the paths are embedded by the SEP2Vec, and merged through the proposed entropy-aware pooling layer to obtain the user preference representation, which is then used to learn dynamic user interest sequence. Experimental results on two public datasets of movie and music recommendation, and two industrial datasets of personalized local service recommendation in Alipay App have illustrated that the proposed model can achieve significantly better prediction performance compared with other known baselines.
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4,646
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Please write an abstract with title: Garbage Classification using Faster R-CNN, and key words: Object Detection, Garbage Classification, Waste Recycling, Resnet50. Abstract: Inefficiency in waste management contributes to the rising amount of pollution in the community, causing the public demand for more proper waste management and classification. Sorting or classifying waste is the beginning of the waste recycling process, which can help reduce the amount of garbage in the environment. However, compounded with the lack of waste sorting awareness due to minimum public education on waste management, the waste sorting system is still conducted manually using human power. Thus, it is necessary to have a waste sorting or classification system to encourage people to manage their waste properly. This study aims to design a tool to detect the waste types and classify them into three categories; metal, paper, and plastic waste. The system can recognize the shape of the waste image using deep learning methods developed using the Faster R-CNN with Resnet50 as the network architecture. This research began with collecting 250 metal, paper, and plastic waste datasets used for training data and test data in the testing process. The test consisted of 6 trials. In each trial, the training process ran up to 3,000, 4,000, 5,000, and 8,000 steps, where each had a loss function parameter. The test results show that increasing the number of steps during the exercise increases the F1 score, but the maximum number of steps with an increase in the F1 score is 5,000 by 91%.
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4,647
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Please write an abstract with title: The effect of harmonics on the accuracy of induction type energy meters, and key words: Alternators, Reactive power, Distortion, Synchronous motors, Harmonic analysis, Switches, Resistance. Abstract: There is an increasing tendency to employ apparatus which gives rise to distortion both in current and voltage waves, for example, the increasing use of Mercury Are Rectifiers for traction purposes.
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4,648
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Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Self-Energy Recycling and Cooperative Jamming on SWIPT-Based FD Relay Networks With Secrecy Constraints, and key words: Relays, Jamming, Wireless communication, Communication system security, Power system reliability, Interference cancellation, Throughput. Abstract: This paper investigates the secrecy performance of a power splitting-based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer cooperative relay network in the presence of an eavesdropper. The relay is considered to operate in full-duplex (FD) mode to perform both energy harvesting and information decoding simultaneously. To accomplish that, the relay is assumed to employ two rechargeable batteries, which switch between power supplying mode and charging mode at each transmission block. We also assume that the self-interference inherent of the FD mode is not completely suppressed. Therefore, it is assumed that, after some stages of passive and active self-interference cancellation, there is still a residual self-interference (RSI). A portion of this RSI (remaining after passive cancellation) is recycled for energy harvesting. In order to improve the system secrecy performance, it is considered that the relay can split its transmit power to send the information signal and to emit a jamming signal to degrade the eavesdropper’s channel. The secrecy performance is evaluated in terms of the secrecy outage probability and the optimal secrecy throughput. Tight-approximate and asymptotic expressions are obtained for the secrecy outage probability, and the particle swarm optimization method is employed for addressing the secrecy throughput optimization problem. From numerical results, we show that the secrecy performance can be increased depending on the self-energy recycling channel condition. Finally, our derived expressions are validated via Monte Carlo simulations.
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4,649
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Please write an abstract with title: A Resource-Optimized Patient-Specific Nonlinear-SVM Hypertension Detection Algorithm for Minimally-Invasive High Blood Pressure Control, and key words: Electrocardiography, Feature extraction, Hypertension, Support vector machines, Biomedical monitoring, Monitoring, Blood pressure. Abstract: Design, VLSI implementation, and validation results of a patient-specific RBF-SVM algorithm for monitoring and closed-loop control of high blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension are presented. To ensure minimal invasiveness, the algorithm only uses a single-channel ECG signal as its sensory input. The feature extraction and classification are designed and optimized to be inexpensive both in terms of computational resources and energy consumption, enabling algorithm's integration within the highly-restricted size and power budget of an implantable device. The VLSI implementation using a hardware description language is also presented. Our results show that the implementation of the algorithm on a miniature Microsemi AGL250 low-power FPGA requires 493 logic elements, 7.4kbit of memory, consumes 19.98μW dynamic power (clocked at 1MHz), and yields a classification latency of 180μs. The algorithm classification performance is evaluated on a two different pre-recorded labeled ECG database with 14 healthy and 14 sick subjects and shows an average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 89%, 98%, and 94.5%, respectively.
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4,650
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Please write an abstract with title: Beamforming and interference canceling with very large wideband arrays, and key words: Array signal processing, Interference cancellation, Wideband, Radio astronomy, Bandwidth, Radio frequency, Narrowband, Frequency domain analysis, Delay effects, Doppler effect. Abstract: Future radio telescopes are envisioned to be beamforming arrays containing hundreds to millions of elements distributed over thousands of km/sup 2/, with bandwidths that are 10% or more of the RF center frequency. It is awkward to analyze such systems using traditional narrowband beamforming theory. This paper presents a frequency-domain model that includes relevant features such as true time delay, distributed Doppler effects, and nonideal instrumental frequency response. Conventional beamforming - i.e., maximizing the gain in a certain direction subject to no other constraints - is analyzed in the context of the model. A simple method for suppressing interference in the beamformer output is also analyzed. In this method, a second beam is formed in the direction of the interference and subtracted from the output of the desired beam. Although the concept is sound, two problems are identified. First is the potential for partial or complete canceling of the desired source, along with the interference. The second problem is coloring of the noise spectrum, which may thwart the detection of weak spectral features. These problems are shown to be closely related to the array geometry, and some workarounds are suggested.
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4,651
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Please write an abstract with title: A 76-Gbit/s 265-GHz CMOS Receiver With WR-3.4 Waveguide Interface, and key words: Mixers, Layout, Inductors, Wireless communication, Receivers, Metals, Noise measurement. Abstract: A 76-Gbit/s 265-GHz CMOS receiver (RX) modularized with a WR-3.4 waveguide interface is presented. It is a mixer-first RX fabricated using a 40-nm CMOS technology. The primary design focus is simplicity and the resulting low noise and loss and high conversion gain (CG). To allow for both on-wafer and packaged measurements, ON-chip transmission lines are designed such that their characteristics are relatively insensitive to the presence or absence of adhesive covering the chip. The RX chip is flip-chip-mounted on a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB). Built into the PCB is a waveguide transition using double-resonant stacked patches for wideband operation. The CMOS RX module achieves the highest wireless data rate of 76 Gbit/s with 16 QAM, which is comparable to 80 Gbit/s reported previously for a CMOS RX with on-wafer probing measurement.
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4,652
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Please write an abstract with title: Queueing properties of feedback flow control systems, and key words: Control systems, Communication system control, Queueing analysis, Communication system traffic control, Upper bound, Traffic control, Probability distribution, Guidelines, Feedback control, Communication networks. Abstract: In this paper, we consider a network with both controllable and uncontrollable flows. Uncontrollable flows are typically generated from applications with stringent QoS requirements and are given high priority. On the other hand, controllable flows are typically generated by elastic applications and can adapt to the available link capacities in the network. We provide a general model of such a system and analyze its queueing behavior. Specially, we obtain a lower bound and an asymptotic upper bound for the tail of the workload distribution at each link in the network. These queueing results provide us with guidelines on how to design a feedback flow control system. Simulation results show that the lower bound and asymptotic upper bound are quite accurate and that our feedback control method can effectively control the queue length in the presence of both controllable and uncontrollable traffic. Finally, we describe a distributed strategy that uses the notion of Active Queue Management (AQM) for implementing our flow control solution.
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4,653
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Please write an abstract with title: Genetic Algorithm enabled Particle Swarm Optimization for Aerial Base Station Deployment, and key words: Wireless communication, Base stations, Vehicular and wireless technologies, Three-dimensional displays, NP-hard problem, Simulation, Autonomous aerial vehicles. Abstract: The construction of ground base stations is often time-consuming and costly, especially in challenging areas such as disaster areas and military battlefields. With the advancement of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, UAV-mounted aerial base stations have recently become increasingly attractive for fast and cost-effective communication establishment, and UAV deployment optimization has since are of homogeneous become a vital research problem. However, early studies tend to consider an oversimplified scenario where UAVs are of homogeneous capabilities, leading to limited applicabilities. We consider a more realistic and complex UAV deployment problem, where UAVs have heterogeneous capabilities. This new deployment problem strives to minimize the number of UAVs deployed while meeting the ground user coverage requirements as well as UAV-to-UAV connectivity requirement, by selecting the appropriate UAVs, calculating their three-dimensional (3D) positions, and adjusting their transmission powers. UAV positions are optimized for average air-to-ground channel quality improvement alongside. To tackle this NP-hard problem, we propose MO-BPSO-GA, which carefully adapts and combines multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MO-PSO), binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO), and genetic algorithm (GA). Simulation results demonstrate that MO-BPSO-GA swiftly converges to an outstanding solution in terms of the number of UAVs deployed, the potion of ground users covered, and the mean channel quality.
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4,654
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Please write an abstract with title: Beyond Vision: A Multimodal Recurrent Attention Convolutional Neural Network for Unified Image Aesthetic Prediction Tasks, and key words: Feature extraction, Visualization, Task analysis, Semantics, Streaming media, Machine learning, Data mining. Abstract: Over the past few years, image aesthetic prediction has attracted increasing attention because of its wide applications, such as image retrieval, photo album management and aesthetic-driven image enhancement. However, previous studies in this area only achieve limited success because 1) they primarily depend on visual features and ignore textual information. 2) they tend to focus equally on to each part of images and ignore the selective attention mechanism. This paper overcomes these limitations by proposing a novel multimodal recurrent attention convolutional neural network (MRACNN). More specifically, the MRACNN consists of two streams: the vision stream and the language stream. The former employs the recurrent attention network to tune out irrelevant information and focuses on some key regions to extract visual features. The latter utilizes the Text-CNN to capture the high-level semantics of user comments. Finally, a multimodal factorized bilinear (MFB) pooling approach is used to achieve effective fusion of textual and visual features. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed MRACNN significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods for unified aesthetic prediction tasks: (i) aesthetic quality classification; (ii) aesthetic score regression; and (iii) aesthetic score distribution prediction.
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4,655
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Please write an abstract with title: Pulse oximeter for homecare, and key words: Testing, Costs, Biomedical monitoring, Sleep apnea, Hospitals, Safety, Microcontrollers, Size control, Oscillators, Photodetectors. Abstract: Noninvasive monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation by means of pulse oximeters is currently a routine procedure in a wide variety of medical disciplines. Particularly, oximetry tests are a reasonable means of first-line testing for sleep apnea. An oximeter with recording capabilities, designed for home usage, is very interesting for this purpose, allowing reduction of hospital waiting lists. A set of specifications are required for this usage, including safety, accuracy, size and cost. In this paper we are going to show some techniques for reducing size and cost by using microcontrollers as the oximeter control unit. The use of an oscillator controlled by the photodetector signal will offer an important noise reduction in the signal acquisition. Processing saturation at every sample will reduce the necessity of precise cardiac pulse detection. Results have been compared with commercial oximeters, obtaining similar results with a more reduced circuitry.
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4,656
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Please write an abstract with title: Test and design-for-test of mixed-signal integrated circuits, and key words: Circuit testing, Integrated circuit testing, Design for testability, Mixed analog digital integrated circuits, Automatic testing, System testing, Application specific integrated circuits, Filters, Circuit faults, Integrated circuit measurements. Abstract: This tutorial aims to introduce circuit designers to the problems of making integrated circuits more testable. An efficient test procedure for a complex, mixed-signal application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), must take several factors into consideration: stimuli generation, sufficient access, single test output, simple measurement set and system-level decomposition. These factors worth attention for specific circuits classes, since there is no universal method valid for any kind of analog and/or mixed-signal function. Attention is paid to integrated filters and integrated analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, as they are today the main analog and mixed-signal cores found in state-of-the-art complex systems-on-chips (SoC). In particular, the possibilities offered by techniques using small circuit modifications are specially focused, as the means to improve circuit testability, and thus the fault coverage, while avoiding at most to degrade the performance of the final electronic system. Practical silicon examples are presented, trying to give a flavour on the pros and cons that design for test is offering nowadays to integrated circuit designers. To meet the goals stated above, the following topics are addressed in this tutorial: introduction to mixed-signal test (main test concepts, digital vs. analog testing, test practice in integrated circuit industry, design and test inter-relations), testing approaches (fault-based, specification-based, techniques for testing filters, techniques for testing converters), and design-for-test techniques (enhancing testability, built-in self-test and on-line test). This tutorial is intended for professionals interested in analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits in general: designers interested in how to consider tests in early design phases, test engineers interested in incorporating test within the design flow, and academics involved in research and education on test procedures and strategies.
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4,657
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Energy Storage Placement and Sizing in Distribution System, and key words: Power engineering, Voltage fluctuations, Fluctuations, Algorithms, Conferences, Linear programming, Power systems. Abstract: A method to obtain the optimal placement and sizing of battery energy storage system (BESS) to reduce the voltage fluctuation and total active power losses in the distribution system was suggested in this paper. Harris' Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm was used to perform the optimization process. Three different cases with different objective functions were involved in determining BESS optimal placement and sizing. The effects of installing different number of BESS in the distribution system for the purposes of voltage regulation and power losses reduction were investigated in this work. The efficiency of the HHO has been verified by comparing it with the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The results showed that HHO has excellent results in terms of achieving BESS’ optimal placement and size for all cases. When BESS are placed at multiple buses, preferable results can be obtained.
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4,658
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Please write an abstract with title: Consideration of the side-channel attack to SIMON implemented on Arduino Uno, and key words: Ciphers, Machine learning algorithms, Costs, Correlation, Conferences, Side-channel attacks, Machine learning. Abstract: In this research, the authors conducted the side-channel attack (SCA)for the XOR in the final round of "SIMON." As of 2021, there is no research about side-channel attacks against SIMON, which makes this paper more worthwhile. As a result, the authors could attack with little computational resources and time, which means that "SIMON" can be weak against side-channel attacks. Furthermore, the authors checked the relationship between the hamming-weight of the round key and the easiness of attacking. The authors confirmed that there was no relationship between them.
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4,659
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Please write an abstract with title: Minimax controller design for discrete-time time-varying stochastic systems, and key words: Minimax techniques, Control systems, Time varying systems, Stochastic systems, Costs, Automatic control, System testing, Nonlinear control systems, Nonlinear equations, Tellurium. Abstract: This paper gives a self-contained presentation of minimax control for discrete-time time-varying stochastic systems under finite- and infinite-horizon expected total cost performance criteria. Suitable conditions for the existence of minimax strategies are proposed. Also, we prove that the values of the finite-horizon problem converge to the values of the infinite-horizon problems. Moreover, for finite-horizon problems an algorithm of calculation of minimax strategies is developed and tested by using time-varying stochastic systems.
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4,660
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Please write an abstract with title: Multiview Robust Graph-Based Clustering for Cancer Subtype Identification, and key words: Cancer, Biology, Encoding, Dictionaries, Correlation, Information science, Clustering algorithms. Abstract: Cancer subtype identification is to classify cancer into groups according to their molecular characteristics and clinical manifestations and is the basis for more personalized diagnosis and therapy. Public datasets such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) have collected a massive number of multi-omics data. The accumulation of these datasets provides unprecedented opportunities to study the mechanism of cancers and further identify cancer subtypes at a comprehensive level. In this paper, we propose a multi-view robust graph-based clustering (MRGC) method to effectively identify cancer subtypes. Our method first learns robust latent representations from the raw omics data to alleviate the influences of the noise, where a set of similarity matrices are then adaptively learned based on these new representations. Finally, a global similarity graph is obtained by exploiting the consensus structure from the graphs. As a result, the three parts in our method can reinforce each other in a mutual iterative manner. We conduct extensive experiments on both generic machine learning datasets and cancer datasets. The experimental results confirm that our model can achieve satisfactory clustering performance compared to several state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, we convey the practicability of MRGC by carrying out a case study on hepatocellular carcinoma.
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4,661
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Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Method to Identify the "Trouble Maker" of Internal Instability in Multi-paralleled Inverters System, and key words: Couplings, Capacitors, Harmonic analysis, Inverters, Stability analysis, Root mean square, Power harmonic filters. Abstract: Instability in multi-paralleled LCL-filtered grid-connected inverters system always presents that each inverter is unstable due to the coupling of grid impedance. During stability analysis of multi-paralleled inverters system, which inverter or inverters ("trouble maker or makers") contributes or contribute instability to whole system is rarely studied. In this paper, a novel identification method is proposed to exactly judge the "trouble maker or makers" of instability in a multi-paralleled inverters system, based on the comparison result between the root mean square (RMS) value of harmonic voltage in the common coupling point (PCC) and the one across the filter capacitor. The simulation and experimental results are provided for verification.
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4,662
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Please write an abstract with title: Cable insulation defect diagnosis based on harmonic characteristic label, and key words: Power cables, Power cable insulation, Power system harmonics, Big Data, Cable insulation, Harmonic analysis, Feature extraction. Abstract: The current harmonic method combines the harmonic analysis and the current method, which can analyze the cable insulation status on the basis of non-stop operation. It has great significance of accurately analyze the cable insulation status. This paper describes the traditional and unitary problems of harmonic method of cable insulation defects. Therefore, a diagnosis method based on current harmonic characteristic label of cable insulation defects is proposed. We first build a harmonic characteristic database of cable insulation defects, then extract current harmonic feature tags, finally combine the harmonic features with big data technology to classify the types of cable insulation defects through the random forest algorithm. The method was effectively and accurately realized the integration of cable insulation defects detection and diagnosis, and improves accuracy effectively in cable insulation state prediction. The scheme ensures the continuous and stable operation of the power system.
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4,663
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Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised learning of sparse and shift-invariant decompositions of polyphonic music, and key words: Unsupervised learning, Multiple signal classification, Signal resolution, Iterative algorithms, Independent component analysis, Matrix decomposition, Nonlinear filters, Maximum likelihood estimation, Iterative methods, Least squares methods. Abstract: Many time-series in engineering arise from a sparse mixture of individual components. Sparse coding can be used to decompose such signals into a set of functions. Most sparse coding algorithms divide the signal into blocks. The functions learned from these blocks are, however, not independent of the temporal alignment of the blocks. We present a fast algorithm for sparse coding that does not depend on the block location. To reduce the dimensionality of the problem, a subspace selection step is used during signal decomposition. Due to this reduction, an iterative reweighted least squares method can be used for the constrained optimisation. We demonstrate the algorithm's abilities by learning functions from a polyphonic piano recording. The found functions represent individual notes and a sparse signal decomposition leads to a transcription of the piano signal.
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4,664
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Please write an abstract with title: Robust Centralized Control for DC Islanded Microgrid Considering Communication Network Delay, and key words: Delays, Voltage control, Centralized control, Stability analysis, Microgrids, Communication networks, Symmetric matrices. Abstract: In recent years, the application of renewable energy resources (RES) with DC output has increased, and RES integration as DC islanded microgrids (DC ImGs) has attracted the attention of many researchers. However, DC ImGs face many challenges, and voltage stability is extremely critical for efficient power distribution. This challenge becomes more prominent when exogenous disturbances, as well as time-delay, exist in the system mainly because of the communication network. In this study, we develop a mathematical model of the time-delay DC ImG. To compensate for the effect of the time-delay, three control strategies are introduced-stabilizing, robust, and robust-predictor. The controller's stability is guaranteed based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii theorem, whereas for the exogenous disturbance rejection, the $\mathcal {L}_{2}$ -norm of the system is reduced. Furthermore, to obtain the proposed controllers' gains, linear-matrix-inequality constraints are formulated. The performances of the controllers are investigated through numerous simulations, and a detailed analysis is presented.
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4,665
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Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced blind minimum variance CDMA receivers with joint channel estimation for frequency selective channels, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Channel estimation, Frequency estimation, Multiple access interference, Receivers, Interference cancellation, Delay, Downlink, Additive white noise, Matched filters. Abstract: We propose an enhanced blind constrained minimum variance (CMV) CDMA receiver with joint channel estimation for frequency selective channels. We develop a CMV solution for multipath using a recently proposed enhanced correlation matrix and investigate the performance of the proposed approach with a low complexity blind channel estimation algorithm based on the power method. Simulation results show significant improvements for the proposed receiver design.
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4,666
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Please write an abstract with title: A system capable of dampening roll and producing electricity installed on the hull of a fishing vessel, and key words: Force measurement, Oceans, Sea measurements, Electric variables measurement, Production, Size measurement, Generators. Abstract: The necessity to improve the security of fishing’s crew during their work can create a favourable condition to produce electrical energy. This solution to problem can do with a system that balance the forces induct from the sea to the fishing vessel. This device in this action generates electrical energy.
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4,667
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Please write an abstract with title: A Proposal For Micromanagement Of People Through Rpg Cards In Education For Innovation, and key words: Productivity, Technological innovation, Conferences, Education, Collaboration, Prototypes, Games. Abstract: Education for innovation initiatives often adopt Project-Based Learning approaches, where students are grouped into teams with the goal of creating an innovative product prototype. Working on teams, especially interdisciplinary ones, involves challenges related to collaboration and motivation [1]. It is well known that gamification is a successful tool for engaging students in learning activities [2]. Thus, in this paper, we propose a cardgame focused on education for innovation, exploring the similarities between the students’ teams with the roles of an RPG (Role Playing Game). To design our game proposal, we conducted a netnographic [3] and semi-structured qualitative research [4]. After implementing the game, we evaluated it in “Projetão,” a well-consolidated course on education for innovation. The results were encouraging.
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4,668
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Please write an abstract with title: MPICH-V: Toward a Scalable Fault Tolerant MPI for Volatile Nodes, and key words: Fault tolerance, Peer to peer computing, Large-scale systems, Distributed computing, Concurrent computing, Message passing, Computer industry, Application software, Computer applications, Computer architecture. Abstract: Global Computing platforms, large scale clusters and future TeraGRID systems gather thousands of nodes for computing parallel scientific applications. At this scale, node failures or disconnections are frequent events. This Volatility reduces the MTBF of the whole system in the range of hours or minutes. We present MPICH-V, an automatic Volatility tolerant MPI environment based on uncoordinated checkpoint/roll-back and distributed message logging. MPICH-V architecture relies on Channel Memories, Checkpoint servers and theoretically proven protocols to execute existing or new, SPMD and Master-Worker MPI applications on volatile nodes. To evaluate its capabilities, we run MPICH-V within a framework for which the number of nodes, Channels Memories and Checkpoint Servers can be completely configured as well as the node Volatility. We present a detailed performance evaluation of every component of MPICH-V and its global performance for non-trivial parallel applications. Experimental results demonstrate good scalability and high tolerance to node volatility.
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4,669
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Please write an abstract with title: Study and Analysis of the Influence of Wind Power Station on the Power Quality, and key words: Wind turbines, Harmonic analysis, Wind power generation, Fluctuations, Power quality, Wind farms, Wind speed. Abstract: At present, renewable energy sources are widely used all over the world. Electricity generation is actively increased on the basis of construction and integration of wind power plants into electric networks in the presence of energy storage systems and controlled shunt reactors. With the development of wind power plants and the development of a standard list of measures for the technological connection of wind power plants to the facilities of the electric grid, it is necessary to study the influence of the wind power plants on indicators of power quality, reliability, stability and operation modes of the power system. All methods that used to improve the power quality with wind stations are presented and discussed in this paper. Moreover, this paper presents a characterization of the electrical system of the Isla de la Juventud and the Los Canarreos wind farm in Cuba.
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4,670
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Please write an abstract with title: Modeling pronunciation variation for spontaneous speech synthesis, and key words: Speech synthesis, Testing, Laboratories, Acoustics, Oral communication, Communication system control, Natural languages, Lattices, Probability, Stochastic processes. Abstract: Integration of pronunciation modeling into speech synthesis makes synthetic speech more natural and colloquial. Pronunciation variation as one observable effect in spontaneous speech is a step towards spontaneous speech synthesis. In the previous works (see Proc. ICASSP, vol.1, p.417-20, Orlando, FL, USA, 2002 and Proc. ICASSP, Hong Kong, PR China, Apr. 2003) we introduced different duration control methods in speech synthesis. These methods are based on the observation that words, which are very likely to occur in a given context are pronounced faster and less accurately than improbable ones (see D. Jurafsky et al., Proc. ICASSP, vol.2, p.801-4, Salt Lake City, USA, 2001). Therefore we use the probability of a word in its context to either control directly the local speaking rate, or to select appropriate pronunciation variants in order to change the local speaking rate. Extending these methods by a pronunciation sequence model, we involve knowledge about how well two subsequent variants fit together. Using this proposed algorithm we could further improve the natural and colloquial listening impressions.
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4,671
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Please write an abstract with title: Degradation Analysis of Anti-Soiling Coatings in Solar Glass with AFM Phase shift data The use of Data Analytical Methods, and key words: Degradation, Glass, Phase measurement, Surface topography, Surface treatment, Data analysis, Coatings. Abstract: Solar glass surface degradation caused by environmental factors (such as high temperatures, high UV irradiation, humidity etc.) is a phenomenon that affects the performance of photovoltaic modules. Several different solar glass samples with different anti-soiling coatings exposed to indoor and outdoor degradation, were measured with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to obtain high-resolution information of signal phase shift. This study aims to analyze the phase shift set of data given by the Atomic Force Microscopy to understand if there is a correlation with the degradation effects on the surface of solar glasses caused by environmental factors and to define a methodology for phase shift data analysis processing. Three different methodologies were established. Degradation patterns and changes in the distributions of the data across the different samples are noticeable in all of the methodologies and although the methodologies are not able to represent the complexity of the phase shift data in its entirety, they are able to show changes on phase in different glass surfaces and show the potential of phase shift data analysis.
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4,672
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Please write an abstract with title: Safety Verification of IEC 61131-3 Structured Text Programs, and key words: Tools, Model checking, Safety, Reliability, IEC Standards, Standards, Testing. Abstract: With the development of the industrial control system, programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are increasingly adopted in the process automation. Moreover, many PLCs play key roles in safety-critical systems, such as nuclear power plants, where robust and reliable control programs are required. To ensure the quality of programs, testing and verification methods are necessary. In this article, we present a novel methodology which applies model checking to verifying PLC programs. Specifically, we focus on the structured text (ST) language which is a widely used, high-level programming language defined in the electro-technical commission (IEC) 61131-3 standard. A formal model named behavior model (BM) is defined to specify the behavior of ST programs. An algorithm based on variable state analysis for automatically extracting the BM from an ST program is given. An algorithm based on the automata-theoretic approach is proposed to verify linear temporal logic properties on the BM. Finally, a real-life case study is presented.
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4,673
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Please write an abstract with title: Hallucinated Neural Radiance Fields in the Wild, and key words: Computer vision, Codes, Pattern recognition. Abstract: Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) has recently gained popularity for its impressive novel view synthesis ability. This paper studies the problem of hallucinated NeRF: i.e., recovering a realistic NeRF at a different time of day from a group of tourism images. Existing solutions adopt NeRF with a controllable appearance embedding to render novel views under various conditions, but they cannot render view-consistent images with an unseen appearance. To solve this problem, we present an end-to-end framework for constructing a hallucinated NeRF, dubbed as Ha-NeRF. Specifically, we propose an appearance hallucination module to handle time-varying appearances and transfer them to novel views. Considering the complex occlusions of tourism images, we introduce an anti-occlusion module to decompose the static subjects for visibility accurately. Experimental results on synthetic data and real tourism photo collections demonstrate that our method can hallucinate the desired appearances and render occlusion-free images from different views. The project and supplementary materials are available at https://rover-xingyu.github.io/Ha-NeRF/.
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4,674
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Please write an abstract with title: Alternative Procedures for Thermal Design on Electric Machine, and key words: Temperature measurement, Geometry, Induction motors, Computational modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Tools, Finite element analysis. Abstract: A modern and widely used tool for thermal analysis in the electric motor design is computational fluid dynamics CFD which is a robust tool for these studies but is computationally expensive. Therefore, two alternative approaches are studied in this work, a lumped parameter thermal network and a thermal model based on the finite element method (FEM). First, an electromagnetic analysis is carried out since these results are the input values for the thermal models. Then, the thermal network is presented, and the FEM procedure is explained. The results indicate a good accuracy from the two models as they are compared to experimental temperature measurements.
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4,675
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Please write an abstract with title: QUBO Formulation for a Nurse Scheduling Problem: An Application for Sales Force Scheduling, and key words: QUBO, Nurse Scheduling Problem, Quantum Optimization, Quantum Annealing. Abstract: The development of a QUBO model for the Nurse Scheduling Problem is presented as a solution in the design of a supervision schedule for a sales team. This model is based on formulating an objective function that maximizes the number of supervision days while satisfying availability constraints for both the sales team and supervisor, considering that the number of supervision days for each salesperson should be similar. To achieve this a combinatorial optimization approach is used, which transforms the problem into a matrix of binary variables. The D-Wave Leap's Hybrid Solver is employed to solve the QUBO. The solution obtained provides a scheduling plan for the sales force. The resolution of a problem instance is presented, involving an 18-person sales force, one supervisor, and a period of 156 days.
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4,676
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Please write an abstract with title: Toward Efficient Object Detection in Aerial Images Using Extreme Scale Metric Learning, and key words: Training, Measurement, Detectors, Object detection, Search problems, Inference algorithms, Image resolution. Abstract: In aerial image object detection, how to efficiently detect different size objects in input images of different scales and obtain a unified multi-scale representation of the object is an important issue. Existing methods rarely consider the connection between multi-scale training and multi-scale inference, and do not well optimize the constraint of input object samples in the multi-scale training process, which limits the performance of multi-scale representation. In this study, an efficient object detection algorithm for aerial images is proposed to alleviate this problem. Firstly, we propose to use metric learning to obtain the scale representation boundary of each object class, reduce the support of indistinguishable objects at extreme scales in the training process, and enhance the effect of multi-scale representation. Secondly, indistinguishable small objects are merged into small object regions, and these regions are trained to recommend the detector to detect small objects on the following high-resolution scale. Thus, a reasonable association between multi-scale training and inference is established, and the efficiency of multi-scale inference is considerably improved. The proposed algorithm has been tested on three popular aerial image datasets, including VisDrone, DOTA and UAVDT. Experimental results show that it can improve the detection accuracy and reduce the number of processing pixels.
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4,677
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Please write an abstract with title: Fair and Privacy-Preserving Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis Based on Spontaneous Speech Analysis via Federated Learning, and key words: Training, Legged locomotion, Data privacy, Speech analysis, Collaborative work, Data models, Servers. Abstract: As the most common neurodegenerative disease among older adults, Alzheimer's disease (AD) would lead to loss of memory, impaired language and judgment, gait disorders, and other cognitive deficits severe enough to interfere with daily activities and significantly diminish quality of life. Recent research has shown promising results in automatic AD diagnosis via speech, leveraging the advances of deep learning in the audio domain. However, most existing studies rely on a centralized learning framework which requires subjects' voice data to be gathered to a central server, raising severe privacy concerns. To resolve this, in this paper, we propose the first federated-learning-based approach for achieving automatic AD diagnosis via spontaneous speech analysis while ensuring the subjects' data privacy. Extensive experiments under various federated learning settings on the ADReSS challenge dataset show that the proposed model can achieve high accuracy for AD detection while achieving privacy preservation. To ensure fairness of the model performance across clients in federated settings, we further deploy fair aggregation mechanisms, particularly q-FEDAvg and q-FEDSgd, which greatly reduces the algorithmic biases due to the data heterogeneity among the clients. Clinical Relevance -The experiments were conducted on publicly available clinical datasets. No humans or animals were involved
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4,678
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Please write an abstract with title: BIM and game engines for engineering online learning, and key words: Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Avatars, Buildings, Virtual environments, Games, User interfaces. Abstract: In the last years there has been an increment in the implementation of specialized virtual simulation software for engineering education. The main reason is the diversification towards different formats of learning such as online learning, blended learning, on-demand learning, among others. Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of using virtual simulation tools (such as game engines) for improving the learning outcomes in engineering courses. In the construction industry the most important virtual simulation software tool is Building Information Modeling (BIM). Even though the potential benefits of implementing BIM and game engines for educational purposes, there is no evidence of studies that implements both technologies together. In this study we develop a methodology for integrating BIM and game engines for engineering online learning for Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) education. This study demonstrates: 1) the technical affordability for implementing advanced simulation tools for a construction course, and 2) the benefits of implementing such technologies for improving the learning experience of the students. The context of the development and implementation of the described methodology is in the framework of deployment of the new educational model Tec21 in national AEC higher education programs in the university Tecnologico de Monterrey in Mexico.
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4,679
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Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication of winding model of high-T/sub c/ superconducting transformer for railway rolling stock, and key words: Fabrication, Rail transportation, Superconducting coils, Circuit faults, Power transformers, Superconducting films, Solenoids, Leg, Multifilamentary superconductors, Nitrogen. Abstract: We fabricated two high-T/sub c/ superconducting coils that simulated the winding of a traction transformer for railway rolling stock. The multi-layer solenoid coil to simulate the primary winding of the transformer had five layers with a single Bi2223 superconducting tape. The closed solenoid coil to simulate the secondary winding of the transformer had one layer with eight parallel Bi2223 superconducting tapes. We measured the voltage-current, AC loss and current sharing characteristics of these coils cooled in saturated liquid nitrogen at 77 K. As a result, we concluded that the multi-layer solenoid coil is applicable to the primary winding and the closed solenoid coil is also applicable to the secondary winding.
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4,680
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Please write an abstract with title: A generic framework for blind source separation in structured nonlinear models, and key words: Blind source separation, Jacobian matrices, Source separation, Power system modeling, Algorithm design and analysis, Independent component analysis, Australia, Stochastic processes, Adaptive algorithm, Nonlinear distortion. Abstract: This paper is concerned with blind source separation in nonlinear models. Special attention is paid to separability issues. Results show that separation is impossible in the general case. However, for specific nonlinear models, the problem becomes tractable. A generic set of parametric nonlinear mixtures is considered: This set has the Lie group structure (a group structure with continuous binary operation). In the parameter set, a definition of a relative gradient is given and is used to design both batch and stochastic algorithms. For the latter, it is shown how a proper use of the relative gradient leads to equivariant adaptive algorithms.
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4,681
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Please write an abstract with title: E2I: Generative Inpainting From Edge to Image, and key words: Image edge detection, Gallium nitride, Generative adversarial networks, Task analysis, Feature extraction, Image synthesis, Training. Abstract: Deep learning-based methods especially using convolutional neural network (CNN) and generative adversarial network (GAN) have achieved certain success for the task of image inpainting. The previous methods usually try to generate the content in the missing areas from scratch. However, these methods have difficulty in producing salient image structures that appear natural and consistent with the neighborhood, especially when the missing area is large. In this paper, we address the challenge by introducing edges into the convolutional GAN-based inpainting. We split the inpainting task into two steps: first edge generation, then edge-based image generation. We adopt CNN to accomplish the two steps and use GAN-based training, thus our method is named E2I: generative inpainting from edge to image. Specifically, we adopt a deep network-based edge detector to achieve an edgeness map of an incomplete image, then we fill-in the missing areas in the edgeness map, and finally generate the missing pixels with the assistance of the complete edgeness map. We verify the proposed method on three challenging image datasets: Places2, ImageNet, and CelebA. We also compare our method with the state-of-the-arts on the Places2 test set. Our experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our method in producing more plausible inpainting results.
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4,682
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Please write an abstract with title: Configurable BISR Chain For Fast Repair Data Loading, and key words: Fuses, Loading, Maintenance engineering, Built-in self-test, System-on-chip, Registers, Circuit faults. Abstract: Embedded memories take a significant portion of current system-on-chip (SOC) designs. Built-in self-repair (BISR) is widely used to improve the design yield by replacing the faulty elements of a memory with spare ones. BISR programs the repair data obtained by a memory built-in self-test (BIST) circuit to a fuse box and transfers the repair data to the memory when the chip is powered up. However, loading the repair data to the memories using a serial scan chain is very time consuming due to the increased number of memories. To reduce the long repair data loading time, we propose a configurable BISR chain repair system. In the proposed solution, the serial scan chain is partitioned into an optimal number of segments. Only the segments connected to defective memories are scanned. Experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce the repair data loading time compared to two baseline methods.
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4,683
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Test Method of Commercial Vehicle Forward Collision Warning Systems, and key words: Safety, Vehicles, Visualization, Roads, Vehicle dynamics, Brakes, Radar. Abstract: Based on the FCWS operating principle, GB/T 33577-2017 and other regulations at home and abroad, this paper puts forward the FCWS test scheme applicable to the particular road conditions in China and studies the warning modes that affect the warning effect of FCWS. Finally the paper completes the real vehicle test of the FCWS performance of commercial vehicle. The final result shows that the FCWS complies with the performance requirements in GB / T 33577-2017. Warning TTC of FCWS is about 3s and FCWS can effectively reduce driving behaviours such as sharp turns and sharp brakes. On the other hand, audio has a better warning effect than visual. This paper not only improves the FCWS test method and evaluation system but also provides a reference for FCWS standard formulation and system development in China.
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4,684
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Please write an abstract with title: Power-over-Fiber for Radio-over-Fiber Links, and key words: Transmitting antennas, Power transmission, Europe, Mobile antennas, Mobile communication, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: This paper introduces simultaneous data and power transmission by power-over-fiber using a single optical fiber for driving a remote antenna unit in radio-over-fiber-based mobile communication networks. This paper also discusses the future prospects of power-over-fiber.
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4,685
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Please write an abstract with title: On the Benefits of Demand Flexibility in the Last Mile of the Grid, and key words: Electrical engineering, Renewable energy sources, Costs, Flexible printed circuits, Transformers, Market research, Electricity supply industry. Abstract: A large part of the demand for electrical power in the grid can be seen as flexible demand. This flexibility can be exploited to compensate for the intermittent behaviour of renewable power, or to reduce the cost of energy. This paper shows that the judicious use of flexible demand in the electricity market can significantly reduce the cost of energy in the market. The opportunities and limitations of the proposed approach are briefly discussed.
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4,686
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Please write an abstract with title: A New QoS Renegotiation Mechanism for Multimedia Applications, and key words: Quality of service, Feedback, Diffserv networks, Load flow control, Delay, Streaming media, Resource management, Application software, IP networks, Pricing. Abstract: While there are a lot of advances in the area of QoS deployment and management over IP networks, there is still a need for a robust QoS renegotiation framework. A QoS renegotiation framework has three concurrent modules need to be integrated with the least amount of overhead. These modules include a feedback mechanism, a load control mechanism, and a service-response mechanism. This paper proposes a new feedback approach based on call rejection notification for QoS renegotiation. The proposed approach provides better QoS parameters, improves the system performance, and maximizes the service revenue.
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4,687
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Please write an abstract with title: Wi-Lo: Emulation of LoRa using Commodity 802.11b WiFi Devices, and key words: Wireless communication, Emulation, Prototypes, Modulation, Reliability engineering, Propagation losses, Hardware. Abstract: The recent move of LoRa towards the unlicensed 2.4GHz ISM spectrum band creates multiple opportunities for its broader usage in new IoT applications. However, the ISM band is already highly populated with diverse wireless systems, and interference issues are expected. We believe that cross-technology communication (CTC) can help to speed up LoRa adaptation and mitigate the coexistence problems. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce Wi-Lo, a novel signal emulation-based CTC approach, which allows a WiFi device to generate a valid LoRa waveform. Our scheme requires no hardware modifications but depends only on the careful selection of WiFi frame payload bits. We build our Wi-Lo prototype with commodity hardware. Our evaluation reveals that Wi-Lo enables reliable communication from WiFi to LoRa devices, which is comparable to the configurations using native LoRa nodes. Moreover, by leveraging the high link budget of LoRa, a long distance CTC can be established.
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4,688
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Please write an abstract with title: Non-Orthogonal Uplink Services Through Co-Transport of D-RoF/A-RoF in Mobile Fronthaul, and key words: Demultiplexing, 5G mobile communication, Optical fibers, Decoding, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: To efficiently support multiple services with diverse requirements in data capacity, latency, and connectivity in the fifth-generation (5G) communication system and beyond, various mobile fronthaul solutions, including digital and analog radio-over-fiber (RoF), will be considered. We propose a non-orthogonal multiplexing scheme for multiservice uplink transmissions in mobile fronthaul, where in-band analog RoF (A-RoF) signals can be transmitted with digital RoF (D-RoF) signals simultaneously, resulting in high spectrum resource utilization. The demultiplexing is fulfilled by exploiting different characteristics of the D-RoF and A-RoF signals in the time-domain and it can be implemented with analog signal processing, providing low processing complexity and processing delay. The proposed scheme is experimentally demonstrated to achieve the joint transmission of the D-RoF and A-RoF signals over a shared mobile fronthaul through 20-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF). Experimental results show that in-band A-RoF signals from 2-10 GHz can be co-transmitted with D-RoF 10 GBaud NRZ-OOK signals, with the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) enhanced by the demultiplexing module. Both received D-RoF and A-RoF signals can achieve bit error ratio (BER) lower than the 7% hard-decision forward-error correction (FEC) threshold.
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4,689
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Please write an abstract with title: A high frequency inverse scattering model to recover the specular point curvature from polarimetric scattering matrix data, and key words: Inverse problems, Frequency, Optical scattering, Radar scattering, Electromagnetic scattering, Physical optics, Testing, Integral equations, Optical surface waves, Radar polarimetry. Abstract: Based on the time-domain first-order correction to the physical optics current approximation, a relationship between the phase factors of the polarimetric scattering matrix elements and the principal curvatures at the specular point of a scatterer is established. The above phase-curvature relationship is tested by applying it to theoretical as well as experimental backscattering data obtained from a prolate spheroidal scatterer. The results of these tests not only determine the acceptability of the phase-curvature relationship; they also point out the spectral range over which the first-order correction to the physical optics currents is valid.
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4,690
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Please write an abstract with title: Joint Sensor Selection, Beamforming and Phase Control in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided IoT Fusion Networks, and key words: Internet of Things, Power demand, Array signal processing, Signal to noise ratio, Minimization, Surface waves, Signal processing algorithms. Abstract: In this letter, we investigate the power minimization problem in an Internet of Things (IoT) sensor network assisted by reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). Different from the existing literature, we consider both transmit and non-transmit energy consumption, which leads to a joint sensor selection, beamforming design and RIS phase configuration problem. Based on the cutting-the-edge majorization minimization (MM) and penalty duality decomposition (PDD) frameworks, we develop two solutions which can achieve nearly identical performance as that of exhaustive search method. Extensive numerical results verify the great benefit in power saving via sensor selection and the deployment of RIS device.
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4,691
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Please write an abstract with title: Sniffing Serial-Based Substation Devices: A Complement to Security-Centric Data Collection, and key words: Substations, Protocols, Data analysis, Codes, Europe, Data collection, Smart grids. Abstract: One of the key aids in ensuring security in the substation is data collection. Collected substation data can be applied to data analytics to infer the substation's security status. However, most of the data collected are measurement logs and Ethernet-based traffic data. The industrial network market share shows that serial-based protocols still exist, and it will take some time before they are phased out. Also, data from serial-based traffic is sourced mostly from SCADA; thus, when SCADA is compromised, the data inferred from it can be misleading. To the best of our knowledge, there is no work on data collection involving serial-based protocols such as DNP3 serial, Modbus-RTU and IEC 60870-5-101; hence, we propose a custom serial sniffer that captures data from serial devices and logs them. Such complementary data can be transmitted to a Security Operations Centre (SOC) to provide a second view to confirm the substation's status. Our bench-marking of the serial sniffer shows negligible utilization of CPU and memory resources for DNP3 serial, Modbus-RTU and IEC 60870-5-101; and we can conclude that it is stable across all protocols. Our sniffer code can be embedded into serial-to-Ethernet protocol converters due to its lightweight nature. Our work can complement data collection within substations until the migration to Ethernet-based protocols is complete.
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4,692
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Please write an abstract with title: Multimode Operation of Solar PV Array, Grid, Battery and Diesel Generator Set Based EV Charging Station, and key words: Charging stations, Batteries, Generators, Voltage control, Harmonic analysis, Renewable energy sources, Electric vehicle charging. Abstract: This article deals with the multimode operation of a photovoltaic (PV) array, a battery, the grid and the diesel generator (DG) set-based charging station (CS) for providing the continuous charging and uninterruptible supply to the household loads. In this CS, a single voltage source converter operates the CS in an islanded mode, the grid connected mode and the DG set connected mode (DGM) and performs various tasks, such as power management among different energy sources and charging the electric vehicles (EVs), extraction of maximum power from the PV array, the regulation of voltage and frequency of the generator, harmonics current compensation of nonlinear loads and intentional reactive power compensation. The control of charging station (CS) is designed such that it primarily takes power from the PV array and a storage battery. In the absence of these two sources, the charging station takes power from the grid, and at last, it utilizes a squirrel cage induction generator-based DG set. However, the DG set is operated such that it generates up to 33% more power than its rated capacity without exceeding the rated current in windings, therefore, the size of the DG is reduced. Moreover, the voltage and frequency of the generator are regulated at its rated values without a mechanical speed governor. In all operating modes, the CS complies with the IEEE 1547 standard and the total harmonic distortion of voltage and current, is achieved less than 5%.
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4,693
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Please write an abstract with title: Silver halide fiber fusion splicing, and key words: Silver, Splicing, Optical fiber couplers, Measurement by laser beam, Loss measurement, Laser fusion, Fiber lasers. Abstract: In this study, we demonstrated a robust splicing technique to join single-layer silver halide fibers using a custom-made splicer. Utilizing CO2 laser (λ = 10.6 μm), splice loss was measured to be less than 20% per splice point, which is 10% better than just butt-coupling. The tensile strength of the splice was assessed to be more than 50 MPa.
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4,694
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Please write an abstract with title: MRSI brain tumor characterization using wavelet and wavelet packets feature spaces and artificial neural networks, and key words: Wavelet packets, Neoplasms, Artificial neural networks, Biopsy, Magnetic resonance, Spectroscopy, Magnetic resonance imaging, Fingerprint recognition, Surgery, Cancer. Abstract: Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a non-invasive technique for assessing biochemical fingerprint of tissue composition. The need to differentiate between normal and abnormal tissues and determine type of abnormality before biopsy or surgery motivated development and application of MRSI. There are several technical reasons that make the brain easier than other organs to be examined with MRSI. This work presents our proposed methods and results for the analysis of the brain spectra of patients with three tumor types (malignant glioma, astrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma). After extracting features from MRSI data using wavelet and wavelet packets, we use artificial neural networks to determine the abnormal spectra and the type of abnormality. We evaluated the proposed methods using clinical and simulated MRSI data and biopsy results. The MRSI analysis results were correct 97% of the time when classifying the spectra of the clinical MRSI data into normal tissue, tumor, and radiation necrosis. They were correct 72% and 83% of the time when determining tumor types using the clinical and simulated MRSI data, respectively.
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4,695
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Please write an abstract with title: Wireless power transmission based on neural network predictive control, and key words: Bang-bang control, Transmitters, Simulation, Neural networks, Resonant frequency, Stability analysis, Wireless power transmission. Abstract: This paper analyzes the structure and work flow of the infinite power transmission system, establishes the circuit mathematical model of the wireless power transmission system, and deduces its resonance frequency expression. Aiming at the maximum current in the coupling state of the system, a combination of neural network predictive control and bang bang control is proposed to make the working frequency of the system work in resonance state, maximize the load power and transmission efficiency of the system, and enhance the stability of the system. The system is simulated by Matlab/Simulink, and the feasibility of the theory is verified.
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4,696
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on fat-tail phenomenon via artificial stock market modeling, and key words: Finance, Computational modeling, Stock markets, Biological system modeling, Fats, Numerical models, Analytical models. Abstract: As a typical stylized fact in stock market, fat-tail phenomenon has been widely concerned and applied to risk management practice, while the mechanism of its production has been a mystery for a long time. Based on the discussion of the modeling paradigms of the emerging agent-based computational finance, classical finance and behavioral finance, this paper deems that the later two models cannot study fat-tail phenomenon. The agent-based computational finance model has great potential, but its ability to solve financial problems is impeded by the confused modeling solutions. In this paper, an agent-based modeling approach for computational finance is presented. According to the new approach, a simple and analysable model is established. The evidence that market microstructure can produce fat-tail phenomenon has been found, and its mechanism has been analyzed. Results and conclusions of this study will influence ideas of applying fat-tail phenomenon to risk management.
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4,697
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Please write an abstract with title: V-band and W-band SiGe bipolar low-noise amplifiers and voltage-controlled oscillators, and key words: Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, Low-noise amplifiers, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Gain, Noise figure, Couplers, Phase noise, Tuning, Power generation. Abstract: LNAs and VCOs operating between 50 and 86 GHz have been implemented using a 0.12-/spl mu/m, 200-GHz SiGe bipolar technology. Unbalanced LNAs at 50, 60, and 77 GHz show /spl sim/15 dB of gain, drawing 2, 6, and 8 mA from 1.8 V, respectively. The iCP/sub 1dB/ for the LNAs are from -17 to -20 dBm. The noise figure of the 60-GHz LNA is 4.5 dB. Balanced amplifiers composed of two parallel LNAs with branch-line couplers at the input, and output have also been demonstrated at 60 and 77 GHz, showing 14 and 12-dB gain, respectively. Differential Colpitts VCOs have been implemented at 53, 67, and 85 GHz. Phase noises at a 1-MHz offset are -100, -98, and -94 dBc/Hz, respectively, while tuning ranges are 3.7%, 3.1%, and 2.7%. Each VCO consumes roughly 25 mW, and provides -8 dBm output power to 100 /spl Omega/ differential.
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4,698
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Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Three-Dimensional Processor Array Reconfiguration Algorithms Based on Bucket Effect, and key words: 3D VISL array, fault tolerance, reconfiguration, interconnection length, algorithm. Abstract: With the progressive augmentation of the density of three-dimensional (3D) processor arrays, some processor elements (PEs) often fail due to overload or overheating during massively parallel computing operations. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective fault-tolerant technology to ensure the reliability of the system. This paper investigates an efficient reconfiguration method to construct 3D fault-free logical subarray with more fault-free PEs and less interconnection length (inter-length). First, we propose a novel method based on the barrel effect to find the bottleneck plane of 3D processor arrays. Second, an efficient compensation strategy is proposed to replace faulty PEs on adjacent physical planes with fault-free PEs on the bottleneck planes, which leads to more fault-free PEs can be used to construct the subarray. Then, we propose a heuristic to construct the subarray and optimize iteration redundancy to accelerate reconstruction. Finally, a heuristic optimization algorithm is proposed to reduce the inter-length between PEs, which can reduce the dynamic power consumption and communication costs. In addition, we propose a more accurate method to calculate the lower bound of the inter-length to better evaluate the performance of the algorithm. Simulation experiments show that, compared to the state-of-the-arts, on 128×128×128 host array, the utilization rate of fault-free PEs can be improved up to 15.6% and the inter-length redundancy can be reduced by 78.2% for random faults. On 64×64×64 host array, the average improvement of the two indicators under clustered faults can reach 93.2% and 69.3%. Moreover, for all cases considered, the proposed new lower bound and reconstruction time can be reduced by an average of 18.47% and 76.13%, respectively.
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4,699
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Please write an abstract with title: Model predictive for path following with motorcycles: application to the development of the pilot model for virtual prototyping, and key words: Predictive models, Motorcycles, Virtual prototyping, Vehicle dynamics, Vehicles, Testing, Trajectory, Computational modeling, Analytical models, Production. Abstract: Controlling a riderless motorcycle is a challenging problem because the dynamics are nonlinear and non-minimum phase. In this paper, an innovative control strategy is proposed for driving a motorcycle along a given path, tracking a speed profile given as a function of the arc-length of the path. The solution is based on model predictive control. Exploiting the possibility given by MPC to work on trajectories, we invert the cause-effect structure of the problem and act as if the roll angle was an input. We then determine, among a polynomial set of roll angle trajectories, the optimal one in terms of the error at preview distance from the target path. By inverting the dynamics, we compute the steering and longitudinal controls needed to track the computed roll trajectory.
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