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Please write an abstract with title: Mechanical failure of holey optical fibres in tension, and key words: Optical fibers, Optical fiber testing, Silicon compounds, Holey fibers, Coatings, Australia, Optical fiber cables, Optical fiber communication, Residual stresses, Thermal stresses. Abstract: The mechanical strength and failure behaviour of two holey silica optical fibres with different air hole arrangements and a solid silica fibre were investigated using tensile test. The effect of polymer coating on the failure behaviour was also studied
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4,501
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Please write an abstract with title: Sliding Mode Control Based Design for Stabilization and Trajectory Tracking for a 4 DOF Ball Balancer, and key words: Computers, Energy consumption, Asymptotic stability, Trajectory tracking, Control design, Power control, Robustness. Abstract: This paper discusses a sliding mode controller based design for a ball balancer system. The approach used is to design a control law that satisfies asymptotic stability to tackle the problem of stabilization and trajectory tracking with minimum settling time and least energy consumption. Simulation studies illustrate the superiority of a sliding mode control (SMC) in giving a better performance with lesser control effort. The robustness of the controller is examined in the presence of external disturbances. The simulations validated the control schemes implemented.
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4,502
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Please write an abstract with title: Testing Critical Slowing Down as a Bifurcation Indicator in a Low-dissipation Laser System, and key words: Perturbation methods, Time series analysis, Europe, Bifurcation, Laser excitation, Laser transitions, Dynamical systems. Abstract: A huge amount of research is devoted today to determine good indicators applicable on time series obtained from real systems that may anticipate a change in its behaviour [1] , [2] . A well-established indicator is the so-called "critical slowing down" (CSD). CSD is the asymptotic growth of the of the relaxation time of a kicked dynamical system when it is approaching a bifurcation [3] . In this contribution, we address the question whether CSD is always a good indicator of an incoming bifurcation in a system where a parameter is linearly changing in time. We answer by presenting a laser system with a time swept pump where CSD appears only after the bifurcation has already occurred, hence when it is too late to reverse its behavioural change. Furthermore, we show experimentally that a perturbation in the accessible control parameter is unable to provide any indication, nor on the occurrence of CSD nor on the bifurcation crossing.
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4,503
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Please write an abstract with title: On the development of an engineering design methodology for model reference systems using frequency domain concepts, and key words: Design engineering, Design methodology, Frequency domain analysis, Equations, Covariance matrix, Wiener filter, Polynomials, Adaptive systems, Knowledge engineering, Computational efficiency. Abstract: An engineering orientated design methodology for model reference adaptive systems is outlined that allows the introduction of frequency-domain concepts into the design process. The psychological and technical justifications for this approach are discussed and the adaptive control problem is reformulated to take account of the proposed methodology.
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4,504
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Please write an abstract with title: A Machine Learning-Based Approach to Analyze Information Used for Steering Control, and key words: Vehicles, Analytical models, Machine learning, Visualization, Mathematical model, Task analysis, Data models. Abstract: Understanding the relationship between driving behavior and visual information is important for holistic understanding of driving behavior. However, the analysis of the cognitive behavior for steering/throttle control has been only conducted under a special simulator environment. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) with human physical characteristics to analyze the driver's cognitive behavior and to validate that the machine learning methods can be an analytical method for understanding driver behavior. We obtained the driving data in a simulator experiment to train the proposed CNN model. The region where the visual field influences drivers' steering behavior was analyzed using the results of the feature maps generated by the trained CNN model and the driver's gaze behavior. The results indicate that the driver performs steering control using the information within 20 degrees from the gaze point. This shows that the results obtained from our proposed method can reproduce the same results as previous findings. We also validated that the results are not uniquely obtained depending on the proposed model and environment but are also influenced by the driving behavior such as the gaze point and the steering control. We analyzed the dataset generated by the mathematical control model, called the driver model, which performs different behaviors from the driver. The analysis results generated by the driver model were different from the results of the human data. Therefore, the results generated by the machine learning-based analysis are influenced by the driving behavior. Consequently, these results imply that machine learning methods have the potential to become analytical methods for understanding driver behavior.
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4,505
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Please write an abstract with title: Learning-based Cache Placement and Content Delivery for Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks, and key words: Satellites, Q-learning, Heuristic algorithms, Simulation, Neural networks, Markov processes, Delays. Abstract: To support the explosive content demands from multifarious services and applications, cache-enabled satellite-terrestrial integrated networks (STINs) are envisioned as a key enabler to reduce the content delivery delay and alleviate the backhaul pressure. In this paper, we investigate the joint optimization of cache placement and content delivery in the STIN to minimize the long-term overall content delivery delay. Considering that cache placement and content delivery are interrelated and affected by network dynamics in terms of satellite movement and random content requests, the joint optimization problem is formulated as a sequential decision making problem by leveraging a Markov decision process. We propose a hierarchical deep Q learning (HDQL) algorithm by leveraging two independent deep neural networks to learn the cache placement and content delivery policies with small action space and low time complexity. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed HDQL algorithm outperforms the benchmark algorithms in terms of content delivery delay in the STINs.
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4,506
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Please write an abstract with title: VMD-Enabled Current-Based Fast Fault Detection Scheme for DC Microgrid, and key words: Microgrids, Fault detection, Circuit faults, Fault currents, Resistance, Mathematical model, Low voltage. Abstract: The utilization of low-voltage direct current (LVdc) distribution system is gaining popularity in recent years due to its numerous advantages. However, the development of efficient fault detection scheme for an LVdc microgrid is a challenging problem. This article proposes a fast and effective variational mode decomposition (VMD)-based fault detection technique for the LVdc distribution system with penetration of renewable sources using the local end current measurements only. This scheme processes the rate of change of current signal of the distribution lines through the VMD algorithm that decomposes it to different modes. The cumulative energy of the most significant mode is being computed and used as a fault detection index. The proposed scheme is tested for pole to pole and pole to ground fault with broad variation in fault location, fault resistance, and distributed generations penetration in grid-connected and islanding mode of microgrid operation. The performance of the proposed technique is compared with the existing differential current and overcurrent relaying scheme as well as other existing schemes. The testing has been done in MATLAB/Simulink and Typhoon hardware-in-loop testbed. The proposed scheme detects all types of fault with wide variation in fault and operating conditions of the microgrid with faster response time. The test results indicate that the proposed protection scheme is a potential candidate for providing effective protection measure for LVdc microgrid.
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4,507
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimal constellation labeling for iteratively decoded bit-interleaved space-time coded Modulation, and key words: Labeling, Iterative decoding, Modulation coding, Acoustic signal processing, Acoustic signal detection, Receiving antennas, MIMO, Phase modulation, Digital communication, Signal design. Abstract: We consider the design of iteratively decoded bit-interleaved space-time coded modulation (BI-STCM) over fast Rayleigh-fading channels with N/sub t/ transmit and N/sub r/ receive antennas. We propose the design criterion to achieve the largest asymptotic coding gain inherited in the constellation labeling. In particular, for orthogonal space-time block codes, the labeling design criterion reduces to maximizing the (-N/sub t/N/sub r/)th power mean of the complete set of squared Euclidean distances associated with all "error-free feedback" events in the constellation. Based on this power mean criterion, we show that the labeling optimization problem falls into the category of quadratic assignment problems for constellations of any shape and with an arbitrary number of transmit and receive antennas. For a set of practical values of N/sub t/ and N/sub r/, we present optimal labeling maps for 8-PSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM constellations.
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4,508
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Please write an abstract with title: Development of Neural Network for Cyclohexane Oxidation Data Processing, and key words: Training, Impurities, Artificial neural networks, Digital signal processing, Nonhomogeneous media, Oxidation, Raw materials. Abstract: An intelligent system for processing data of liquid-phase oxidation reactions for an industrial method of obtaining valuable oxygen-containing compounds has been developed. The scheme is based on a multilayer artificial neural network for digital signal processing. Clear simulations on the effect of the initial concentration of cyclohexane hydroperoxide, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, acids, and esters on the catalysis reaction were obtained and analyzed for different catalysts by the means of an artificial neural network. The neural network, after training, accurately reproduces the studied data from a sample of experiments and predicts the result of the study in extended time ranges and concentrations of catalytic impurities. The obtained predictions allow experimenters to select the most promising direction during the determination for the concentration of active catalytic substances.
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4,509
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Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid LiFi/MMW Wireless Communication System with Adaptive Vertical Handover Capability, and key words: Light fidelity, Integrated circuits, Radio frequency, Handover, Signal to noise ratio, Light emitting diodes, 5G mobile communication. Abstract: Millimeter wave (MMW) communication was proposed as a high-bandwidth wireless access solution to cope with the increasing user demand for mobile data and has been already standardized in 5G networks. As another highcapacity wireless solution with operation in unregulated optical spectrum, visible light communication, also known as LiFi, was further proposed in the literature. Hybrid wireless networks are particularly attractive to exploit the complementary features of LiFi and MMW technologies. In this paper, we consider a hybrid LiFi/MMW wireless communication system and investigate how to implement efficient vertical handover for improved network performance. Specifically, we propose an adaptive handover technique where handover parameters are determined based on network load and current data rates of users. Our results demonstrate that the proposed handover technique ensures a more balanced distribution of users between two underlying access technologies and improves overall network performance.
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4,510
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Please write an abstract with title: A Software Architecture to Control Service-Oriented Manufacturing Systems, and key words: Automation, Software architecture, Production, Computer architecture, Control systems, Software, Servers. Abstract: This paper presents a software architecture extending the classical automation pyramid to control and reconfigure flexible, service-oriented manufacturing systems. At the Planning level, the architecture requires a Manufacturing Execution System (MES) consistent with the International Society of Automation (ISA) standard. Then, the Supervisory level is automated by introducing a novel component, called Automation Manager. The new component interacts upward with the MES, and downward with a set of servers providing access to the manufacturing machines. The communication with machines relies on the OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) standard protocol, which allows exposing production tasks as “services”. The proposed software architecture has been prototyped to control a real production line, originally controlled by a commercial MES, unable to fully exploit the flexibility provided by the case study manufacturing system. Meanwhile, the proposed architecture is fully exploiting the production line's flexibility.
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4,511
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Please write an abstract with title: Medical ultrasound imaging using the fully adaptive beamformer, and key words: Ultrasonic imaging, Biomedical imaging, Array signal processing, Covariance matrix, Sensor arrays, Transmission line matrix methods, Delay, Phased arrays, Power transmission lines, Power generation. Abstract: Medical ultrasound beamforming is conventionally done using a classical delay-and-sum operation. This simplest beamforming suffers from drawbacks. Indeed, in phased array imaging, the beamformed radiofrequency signal is often polluted with off-axis energies. We investigate the use of an adaptive beamforming approach widely used in array processing, the fully adaptive beamformer, to reduce the bright off-axis energies contribution. We show that the fully adaptive beamformer cannot be applied to medical ultrasound as it was initially derived since the medical ultrasonic medium produces coherent or highly correlated signals and the algorithm fails to work within this context. Spatial smoothing preprocessing is introduced which allows the fully adaptive beamformer to operate. A complementary preprocessing that uses the received data obtained using consecutive transmission lines further improve the performances. Very promising results for the application of adaptive array processing techniques in medical ultrasound are obtained.
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4,512
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Please write an abstract with title: A High-frequency High-power Transformer Based on Split Planar Coils for High-isolation Applications, and key words: Coils, Solid modeling, Magnetic flux, Three-dimensional displays, Magnetic cores, Simulation, Prototypes. Abstract: For the power electronic transformer (PET), the high-isolation high-frequency high-power transformer is the key equipment. In this paper, a high-frequency high-power transformer based on split planar coils for PETs is presented. The structure and characteristics of the proposed transformer are presented in detail. Magnetic and electric simulation model is built in ANSYS/MAXWELL 3D to investigate the magnetic core flux density distribution and the electric field intensity distribution. A 37kW transformer prototype is designed and an experimental setup is built in order to evaluate the performance of the transformer prototype. The transformer prototype is tested at 37.7kW full power and a peak efficiency of 98.567% is achieved including the loss of the inverter and rectifier.
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4,513
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Please write an abstract with title: Assessment of local topographic maps obtained by ground-based SAR interferometry, and key words: Interferometry, Radar antennas, Synthetic aperture radar, Instruments, Antenna measurements, Electronic mail, Testing, Frequency, Receiving antennas, Transmitting antennas. Abstract: A procedure to derive a digital elevation model (DEM) over a region spanning a few square kilometres by means of a ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (GB-InSAR) is described. The results obtained at a test-site near the village of Sauze d'Oulx, Italy, are presented. The comparison with an existing DEM shows the good accuracy of the proposed DEM retrieval technique.
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4,514
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Please write an abstract with title: Improved Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control With Virtual Vectors for PMSHM Drives, and key words: Steady-state, Cost function, Voltage control, Modulation, Vehicle dynamics, Mathematical models, Aerospace electronics. Abstract: Finite-control-set model predictive current control (FCS-MPCC) always has large steady-state fluctuation and computational burden. In this paper, a novel FCS-MPCC without a modulator to drive permanent magnet synchronous hub motors (PMSHMs), which combines virtual vectors expansion scheme and duty cycle control was proposed. The lack of a modulator reduces the complexity of the control system. The virtual vectors are synthesized by using active vectors, which improve the accuracy of voltage selection, and further improve PMSHM's steady-state performance and reduce current harmonics. The duty cycle control uses a zero vector to obtain better steady-state performance. However, the duty cycle of the virtual vectors is limited by the synthesis method, and further analysis is needed. A new calculation process is proposed to reduce the amount of calculation. The deadbeat principle is used to get reference voltage which determines sectors. Then, the best voltage vector in the selected sector is determined by the predetermined cost function. The traditional MPCC and the duty cycle MPCC (DCMPCC) are used as a comparison item to compare with the proposed method to illustrate its effectiveness. Results confirm that improved MPCC has good steady-state performance while maintaining a fast dynamic response.
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4,515
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Please write an abstract with title: Automatic static charging of electric distribution vehicles using ERS technology, and key words: Continuous wavelet transforms, Zirconium, Lead, Iron. Abstract: In order to electrify commercial distribution vehicles, an easy to use charging infrastructure with minimum driver interaction is needed, as managing time is essential to maximize profit for this type of vehicles. This paper proposes the use of a piece of a conductive Alternating Short-Segmented Electric Road System (ASSE) as an automatic charger for lightweight distribution vans. Since the ASSE is originally designed for dynamic charging, no additional equipment onboard the vehicle is required to charge from an ERS, should it be available as well. In order to analyze the performance of the system, a demonstrator of an ASSE automatic charger is installed at the depot of a logistics distribution company. Based on the measurements conducted, the ASSE solution is compared to manual AC and DC charging, and automatic inductive charging with respect to efficiency and cost. The results of this comparison show that the cheapest solution is still manual AC charging, and the cost for automation drops if the cost for non-depot chargers can be shared by multiple vehicles.
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4,516
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Please write an abstract with title: Robust channel estimation for MIMO systems in flat fading channels, and key words: Channel estimation, MIMO, Fading, Noise robustness, Wireless communication, Noise measurement, Pollution measurement, Computational modeling, Performance gain, Computational complexity. Abstract: In wireless communication systems, the ambient channel noise is known through experimental measurements to be decidedly non-Gaussian, due largely to impulse phenomena. It is known, too, that when data are contaminated by non-Gaussian noise, the conventional MMSE channel estimation method may perform poorly. We develop robust channel estimation algorithms to combat the impulse noise in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. Simulation results show that the robust channel estimation (RCE) method offers significant performance gain with little attendant increase in computational complexity compared with the MMSE channel estimation method in non-Gaussian channels. To implement RCE in practice, we also develop two approximate robust channel estimation (ARCE) methods.
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4,517
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Please write an abstract with title: PMU-based state estimator for power systems including VSC-HVDC links, and key words: Voltage measurement, Power measurement, Current measurement, Energy measurement, Loss measurement, Phasor measurement units, Mathematical models. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to propose an equality-constrained weighted least squares (WLS) algorithm for state estimation (SE) in electric power transmission systems including voltage source converter (VSC) based high voltage direct current (HVDC) links. The associated measurement model incorporates both AC and DC measurements. For the AC network, phasor measurement units (PMUs) provide voltage and current phasor measurements. DC measurements obtained from the DC lines are assumed to be sampled at the same rate as AC measurements. Then, by applying voltage and current phasors, linear AC and DC measurement equations are formulated in rectangular coordinates. Zero current injections and AC/DC coupling equations are considered as equality constraints. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulations on a 6-bus hybrid AC/DC network.
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4,518
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Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive binary splitting: a RFID tag collision arbitration protocol for tag identification, and key words: Technical Activities Guide -TAG, RFID tags, Radiofrequency identification, Binary trees, Delay, Intrusion detection, Wireless application protocol, Computer science, Telecommunications, Contracts. Abstract: In the RFID system, a reader recognizes tags through communication over a shared wireless channel. When more than one tag transmits their IDs at the same time, the tag-to-reader signals lead to collide and collision disturbs the reader's identification process. Therefore, tag collision arbitration for passive RFTD tags is significant for fast identification. This paper presents an adaptive binary splitting (ABS) protocol which is an improvement on the binary tree protocol. To reduce collisions and identify tags efficiently, ABS use information which is obtained from the last processes of tag identification. Our performance evaluation shows that ABS outperforms existing tree based tag anti-collision protocols.
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4,519
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on high energy and low consumption device of offshore wind power pile based on water hammer effect, and key words: Technical requirements, Electrical engineering, Technological innovation, Computer applications, Wind power generation. Abstract: Although the development of offshore wind power has great potential, its operating environment is more complex than that of onshore wind power, with higher technical requirements and more difficult construction. The most difficult part of the overall construction is the installation of the piles. In this paper, by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of several piling devices, a new piling device, water hammer piling, is proposed, which has high piling efficiency. This innovative invention has a positive and friendly effect on energy and energy utilization, and at the same time promotes the development of piling devices and offshore wind power piles.
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4,520
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Please write an abstract with title: Parameter Identification in Mechanical Systems with Energy-Based Regressor: Preliminary Study, and key words: Parameter estimation, Estimation, Mechanical systems, Robots, Convergence. Abstract: Parameter estimation in physical systems is an important area of modern engineering and robotics. This paper discusses parameter identification in linear, time-invariant mechanical systems based on their energy. The described approach employs system’s regressor derived from the energy equation with subsequent least-squares estimation. This method has been evaluated experimentally on a single degree-of-freedom pendulum and demonstrated high accuracy and quick parameter convergence, while not suffering from the drawbacks of conventional dynamics-based identification.
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4,521
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Please write an abstract with title: Exploring Lossy Compressibility through Statistical Correlations of Scientific Datasets, and key words: Measurement, Adaptation models, Correlation, Data analysis, Costs, Statistical analysis, Conferences. Abstract: Lossy compression plays a growing role in scientific simulations where the cost of storing their output data can span terabytes. Using error bounded lossy compression reduces the amount of storage for each simulation; however, there is no known bound for the upper limit on lossy compressibility. Correlation structures in the data, choice of compressor and error bound are factors allowing larger compression ratios and improved quality metrics. Analyzing these three factors provides one direction towards quantifying lossy compressibility. As a first step, we explore statistical methods to characterize the correlation structures present in the data and their relationships, through functional regression models, to compression ratios. We observed a relationship between compression ratios and several statistics summarizing the correlation structure of the data, which is a first step towards evaluating the theoretical limits of lossy compressibility used to eventually predict compression performance and adapt compressors to correlation structures present in the data.
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4,522
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Please write an abstract with title: Face Retrieval in Videos using Face Quality Assessment and Convolution Neural Networks, and key words: Face recognition, Videos, Feature extraction, Faces, Convolution, Probes, Lighting. Abstract: With the large amount of videos produced every day, Content-Based Video Retrieval (CBVR) has become a necessity by describing each video with a compact and significant signature in order to efficiently retrieve the desired video from a large collection. In this work, we present a CBVR system applied on face recognition based on key frames. The first step in this system consists of extracting key frames from videos using Face Quality Assessment (FQA) and Convolution Neural Networks (CNN). Starting by generating face quality scores for each face image using three face feature descriptors (Gabor, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HoG)). Then, we train a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) in a supervised manner in order to select frames having the best face quality. Experiments on several datasets has shown that the proposed “DeepFQA” method gives promising results in terms of accuracy and precision/recall curve.
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4,523
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Please write an abstract with title: An approach of AIS LAN based on Intel IXP2800, and key words: Local area networks, Random access memory, Computer networks, Biology computing, Computer architecture, Immune system, IP networks, Intrusion detection, Biological system modeling, Computer science. Abstract: AIS will be an important way to acquire security in the world. We think that AIS security is a part of intelligent security and it should be considered in a wide area, although arithmetic and implementation are not perfect at present. In this paper, we describe a top-level architecture of AIS LAN which is constructed using AIS switching nodes. It is a part of our work to construct an integrated security LAN. We expect that implementing AIS network basing on IXP2800 will give us high performance and security.
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4,524
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Please write an abstract with title: Conversational Question Generation in Russian, and key words: Linguistics, Natural language processing, Task analysis, Computer languages, Testing. Abstract: In this paper, we discuss possibilities of automatic generation of conversational questions in Russian. We are exploring the possibility of using “A Conversational Question Answering Challenge” (CoQA) dataset translated into Russian for training an encoder-decoder model. We review several techniques for improving the quality of questions generated in the Russian language. The results are evaluated manually. Combining a neural network-based approach with a rules-based approach, we develop a system for automatic examination of university students.
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4,525
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of passive beam-scanning monopulse leaky-wave antennas for direction finding in UHF RFID, and key words: Location awareness, Time-frequency analysis, Frequency synthesizers, Estimation, Leaky wave antennas, Hardware, Passive RFID tags. Abstract: We demonstrate the design of frequency-scanning monopulse leaky-wave antennas in planar technology, which can be used for low-cost direction finding in passive UHF RFID systems. It is highlighted the importance of the selected material, providing guidelines to cover a certain field of view. We report a 120° coverage using a high-permittivity substrate, and hopping between RFID channels from 902 to 928 MHz.
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4,526
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Please write an abstract with title: LSFL: A Lightweight and Secure Federated Learning Scheme for Edge Computing, and key words: Training, Computational modeling, Privacy, Servers, Data models, Robustness, Edge computing. Abstract: Nowadays, many edge computing service providers expect to leverage the computational power and data of edge nodes to improve their models without transmitting data. Federated learning facilitates collaborative training of global models among distributed edge nodes without sharing their training data. Unfortunately, existing privacy-preserving federated learning applied to this scenario still faces three challenges: 1) It typically employs complex cryptographic algorithms, which results in excessive training overhead; 2) It cannot guarantee Byzantine robustness while preserving data privacy; and 3) Edge nodes have limited computing power and may drop out frequently. As a result, the privacy-preserving federated learning cannot be effectively applied to edge computing scenarios. Therefore, we propose a lightweight and secure federated learning scheme LSFL, which combines the features of privacy-preserving and Byzantine-Robustness. Specifically, we design the Lightweight Two-Server Secure Aggregation protocol, which utilizes two servers to enable secure Byzantine robustness and model aggregation. This scheme protects data privacy and prevents Byzantine nodes from influencing model aggregation. We implement and evaluate LSFL in a LAN environment, and the experiment results show that LSFL meets fidelity, security, and efficiency design goals, and maintains model accuracy compared to the popular FedAvg scheme.
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4,527
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Please write an abstract with title: Link Mining and Topology Fusion of Social Network Nodes Based On MapReduce, and key words: Social networking (online), Network topology, Computational modeling, Scalability, Clustering algorithms, Parallel processing, Encoding. Abstract: Based on the MapReduce parallel computing framework, a node mining and topology fusion algorithm for big data social networks is proposed. With the help of the theoretical model of information compression, this method first encodes the binary information of the given social network, and then calculates the information description length of the given coding scheme in the social network in parallel according to the information description length theory, and proposes community mining of graph sequences based on coding cost Algorithm GSCM, and designed a GSCM-SC algorithm based on spectral clustering, and proposed the PGSCM algorithm for the latter under the Hadoop MapReduce parallel computing framework, which improved the calculation accuracy by 7.1%.
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4,528
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Please write an abstract with title: Evolutionary Dual-Stream Transformer, and key words: Transformers, Computational modeling, Optimization, Feature extraction, Adaptation models, Training, Task analysis. Abstract: Vision transformers (ViTs) are rapidly evolving and are widely used in computer vision. However, high-performance ViTs require many computations, which limit their further development in the vision field. In this article, a novel evolutionary dual-stream transformer (E-DST) model is proposed to alleviate the computational resource demand problem. A hybrid attention mechanism structure is proposed for a DST model. The DST model uses a dual-branch structure to fuse convolutional and transformer features. Combining the features learned by the transformer and convolution effectively saves model computational resources. In addition, an evolutionary optimizer is proposed to optimize the parameters of the model. The excellent search ability of the evolutionary algorithm is utilized to optimize the transformer model parameters. The convergence of the evolutionary optimizer is proved in this article. In addition, the proposed E-DST model is experimentally compared with a variety of classic models and their deformations based on three datasets. And, the evolutionary optimizer proves its generality in convolutional and recurrent neural networks. The experimental results show that the E-DST model can effectively reduce computational resources and that the evolutionary optimizer can solve large-scale optimization problems. In conclusion, our proposed method is feasible and effective.
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4,529
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Please write an abstract with title: Enhancing White Rabbit Synchronization Stability and Scalability Using P2P Transparent and Hybrid Clocks, and key words: Clocks, Synchronization, Delays, Protocols, Peer-to-peer computing, Scalability, Telecommunications. Abstract: Time synchronization faces an increasing performance demand nowadays. This is particularly common in different segments, such as new scientific infrastructures, power grid, telecommunications or fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. All of them share the need for a time synchronization technology offering a very low synchronization error along large networks. The new version of the IEEE-1588-2019 protocol offers a considerable performance improvement thanks to the high accuracy profile based on white rabbit (WR). The original WR implementation guarantees a synchronization accuracy below 1 ns for a small number of cascaded nodes. This contribution evaluates the performance degradation when a considerable number of devices are deployed in cascaded configurations. In order to improve the performance, different delay measurement implementations have been evaluated in a series of experiments. The results prove the considerable benefits of our implementation against the current WR implementation.
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4,530
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Please write an abstract with title: VERISMART: A Highly Precise Safety Verifier for Ethereum Smart Contracts, and key words: Contracts, Safety, Computer bugs, Tools, Writing. Abstract: We present VERISMART, a highly precise verifier for ensuring arithmetic safety of Ethereum smart contracts. Writing safe smart contracts without unintended behavior is critically important because smart contracts are immutable and even a single flaw can cause huge financial damage. In particular, ensuring that arithmetic operations are safe is one of the most important and common security concerns of Ethereum smart contracts nowadays. In response, several safety analyzers have been proposed over the past few years, but state-of-the-art is still unsatisfactory; no existing tools achieve high precision and recall at the same time, inherently limited to producing annoying false alarms or missing critical bugs. By contrast, VERISMART aims for an uncompromising analyzer that performs exhaustive verification without compromising precision or scalability, thereby greatly reducing the burden of manually checking undiscovered or incorrectly-reported issues. To achieve this goal, we present a new domain-specific algorithm for verifying smart contracts, which is able to automatically discover and leverage transaction invariants that are essential for precisely analyzing smart contracts. Evaluation with real-world smart contracts shows that VERISMART can detect all arithmetic bugs with a negligible number of false alarms, far outperforming existing analyzers.
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4,531
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimal rate allocation for the vector Gaussian CEO problem, and key words: Source coding, Bandwidth, Sensor fusion, Vectors, Signal processing, Covariance matrix, Collaboration, Distributed power generation, Fusion power generation, Rate-distortion. Abstract: Consider the problem of estimating a vector source with a bandwidth constrained sensor network in which sensors make distributed observations on the source and collaborate with a fusion center (FC) to generate a final estimate. Due to power and bandwidth limitations, each sensor must compress its data and transmit to the FC only the minimum amount of information necessary to ensure the final estimate meets a given distortion bound. The optimal power allocation for the class of linear decentralized analog compression schemes was considered in Z-Q Luo et al. (2005) and proved to be NP-hard in general. We consider the optimal rate allocation problem in the so called Berger-Tung achievable rate distortion region. In contrast to the power allocation for the linear analog compression schemes, we show that the optimal rate allocation can be formulated as a convex optimization problem which can be efficiently solved by interior point methods. Our convex reformulation technique is also applicable to the vector Gaussian multiterminal source coding problem.
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4,532
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Please write an abstract with title: A Double Stage EKF-based Stereo Visual Inertial Odometry, and key words: Cameras, Gyroscopes, Visualization, Mathematical model, Pose estimation, Robots, Accelerometers. Abstract: This paper presents an algorithm for the real-time and robust stereo VIO (visual inertial odometry) based on two-stage EKF. In the first stage, we perform data fusion from accelerometer and gyroscope of IMU. During the second stage, we perform the data fusion the stereo camera and the result of the first stage. Due to the two stage fusion, the proposed algorithm can achieve a very high precision of VIO estimations. At the same time, the proposed algorithm maintains the advantage of computational efficiency filter-based approaches. We call our approach DS-VIO (double stage visual inertial odometry) and evaluate it by comparing with the state-of-art approaches based on optimization and filtering appoaches, including OKVIS, ROVIO, VINS-MONO and S-MSCKF. The comparison results show that DS-VIO can achieve comparable or even better performances in terms of the RMS error on the EuRoC dataset.
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4,533
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Please write an abstract with title: Broadband High power Fiber Variable Optical Attenuator for Gain control of Raman amplifier, and key words: Optical fibers, Optical attenuators, Gain control, Stimulated emission, Optical fiber amplifiers, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Broadband amplifiers, High power amplifiers, Optical fiber couplers, Optical coupling. Abstract: All-fiber wavelength-selective variable optical attenuator using fused fiber coupler has been experimentally demonstrated with low loss, high extinction ratio and fast response. The attenuation mechanism is realized by precise twist control over the coupling region.
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4,534
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Please write an abstract with title: Fluid Independent Thermal Flow Sensor using Constant-Temperature Anemometry and the 3ω-Method, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Fluids, Fluid flow measurement, Flowmeters, Calibration, Next generation networking. Abstract: A new method for the implementation of a fluid-independent thermal flowmeter is presented, combining the 3ω-method and constant temperature anemometry. It is shown that a single calibration with a reference fluid (water in this case) leads to a high accuracy (< 4%). The measurement method was verified for water, isopropanol, and an isopropanol-water mixture. The deviation between measured flow rate value and reference flow rate value is less than 4% with respect to the full scale value. The findings may play a key role for next generation thermal flow meters.
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4,535
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Please write an abstract with title: Timing synchronization for ATSC DTV receivers using the Nyquist sidebands, and key words: Timing, Digital TV, Sampling methods, Arm, Synchronization, Binary phase shift keying, Quadrature phase shift keying, Propagation delay, Delay estimation, Clocks. Abstract: Gardner's timing method for BPSK or QPSK is actually one of the timing methods using the Nyquist sidebands. However, it requires at least two samples per symbol; and it is more suitable for two-level modulations. This paper presents another timing synchronization method that is suitable for ATSC DTV receivers, in which 8-VSB modulation is used. The correlation of both arms of the VSB signal is exploited. The S-curve of the proposed method is derived. Derivation shows the proposed method is also using the Nyquist sidebands. It can estimate the timing error even at symbol-rate. Simulations show the proposed method has good performance even in multi-path conditions.
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4,536
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Please write an abstract with title: Characterization and Experiment of attenuators used in lightning impulse measurement, and key words: Attenuators, Voltage measurement, Pulse measurements, Convolution, Current measurement, Lightning, High-voltage techniques. Abstract: Impulse attenuators were widely used in impulse voltage and impulse current measurement. The dynamic characteristic of attenuators directly affects the accuracy of impulse voltage measurement. Theoretical analysis and experimental research were carried out on two type of impulse attenuators. Based on the step response results, the time parameter error of the attenuators under specified lightning impulse waveform was analyzed by the convolution integral method. The research results can give some suggestions to the technicians to select the appropriate impulse attenuator and ensure the accuracy of the impulse voltage measurement value.
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4,537
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Please write an abstract with title: On The Validity of Decomposition for Distributed Parameter Estimation in Complex Dynamical Systems: The Case of Cooling Systems, and key words: Sufficient conditions, Maximum likelihood estimation, Parameter estimation, HVAC, Cooling, Particle measurements, Complexity theory. Abstract: This paper concerns the difficult, somewhat circular, problem of managing complex interconnected dynamical systems. This generally must be done by avoiding complexity and the needs for fast fail-prone communications and having only a limited number of measurements. We illustrate this problem on a typical complex energy management for cooling systems. We first derive conditions for decomposition into subsystems modeled in terms of their own internal dynamics and output measurements on the interfaces with other components. We then use these decomposed models to illustrate how well distributed estimation can be done. The accuracy of parameter estimation is demonstrated using a real-world commercial cooling system.
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4,538
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Please write an abstract with title: A variational method for leukocyte detection, and key words: White blood cells, In vivo, Lighting, Interpolation, Target tracking, Image segmentation, Video sequences, Image edge detection, Data mining, Detectors. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a variational method for the detection of leukocytes observed in vivo. An adaptive threshold surface is constructed automatically using boundary information from the image. The surface is created using an objective functional that is minimized via a variational approach. This surface is constrained by an edge field that is also computed with a variational method. Objects extracted from background are pruned according to two geometric criteria. In the experiments, we find the false positive rate of the detector and show that the proposed approach can automatically and accurately identify multiple rolling leukocytes in vivo.
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4,539
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Please write an abstract with title: Temporal Shape-Based Fusion Method to Generate Continuous Vegetation Index at Fine Spatial Resolution, and key words: Spatial resolution, Time series analysis, Vegetation mapping, Satellites, Data integration, Shape, Remote sensing. Abstract: In this study, a temporal shape-based fusion method (TSFM) using a spatially and temporally moving window is proposed to incorporate the time lag of fine- and coarse-resolution observations and to fully utilize target fine-resolution pixels and similar coarse-resolution pixels in the process. This method provides high-accuracy fused images with Pearson’s r of ~0.95, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of ~0.04, and a bias of ~0.01 for commonly used fine spatial resolution satellites, including Landsat 7 and 8, Sentinel 2, and Gaofen 1, over different heterogeneous regions, such as urban, mountain, forest, and savanna regions. The fused fine-resolution enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series using different fine spatial resolution satellite data as input are all highly correlated with the PhenoCam-monitored green chromatic coordinate (GCC), with no temporal lag. Compared with the commonly used data fusion method, this method provides equivalent and slightly higher accuracy because both neighboring similar pixels and the annual temporal variation are fully considered. This TSFM does not require each input fine-resolution image to be cloud-free; therefore, it can be used at a large spatial scale without further preprocessing and generates continuous datasets over a long-time range with only one input preparation process. The factors that could affect the method accuracy are the cloud detection accuracy of fine-resolution data and the temporal continuity of the coarse-resolution data. The method may also be used to produce spatially and temporally continuous surface reflectance and other surface reflectance-derived indices.
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4,540
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Please write an abstract with title: A fourth-order single-bit switched-capacitor /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ modulator for distributed sensor applications, and key words: Delta modulation, Bandwidth, Signal to noise ratio, Signal resolution, Detectors, Circuits, CMOS technology, Sampling methods, Frequency, Petroleum. Abstract: In this paper, we present a switched-capacitor sigma-delta (/spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/) modulator for high resolution applications. In particular, this /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ modulator is well suited for distributed sensor networks. The circuit, implemented in a double-poly, double-metal 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, is based on a fourth-order single-loop architecture with a sampling frequency of 256 kHz. The chip consumes 50 mW from a single 5-V supply and achieves a signal-to-noise ratio of 104.9 dB over a bandwidth of 400 Hz, corresponding to a resolution of 17.1 bits.
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4,541
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Please write an abstract with title: 10 Gbps Laser Communication for Low Earth Orbit Satellites with Volterra and Machine Learning Nonlinear Compensation Providing Link Budget up to 74 dB, and key words: Phase shift keying, Satellites, OFDM, Power lasers, Low earth orbit satellites, Machine learning, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: We invesigate the power-link budget of 10Gbps laser communication. The comparison of the DML nonlinearity effects between OFDM and SC-FDE is discussed. With Volterra and machine-learning nonlinear compensation, the power-link budget achieve up to 74 dB.
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4,542
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Please write an abstract with title: NAVOCEANO Seahorse AUV design, testing, and capabilities, and key words: Testing, Remotely operated vehicles, Underwater vehicles, Laboratories, Mobile robots, Marine vehicles, Propellers, Educational institutions, Fabrication, Modems. Abstract: After an initial conceptual design phase, the Applied Research Laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University (ARL/Penn State) began in April 1999 design and construction of an autonomous undersea vehicle (AUV) to specifications provided by the Naval Oceanographic Office of the United States Navy (NAVOCEANO). The first Seahorse AUV was delivered for testing 13 months later. An additional vehicle has been delivered and a third is under construction for NAVOCEANO. This paper describes the requirements for which the vehicles were designed and the actual construction of the vehicle, and presents some examples of the types of missions that have been run.
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4,543
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Please write an abstract with title: Constructing Global Researchers Network Using Google Scholar Profiles for Collaborator Recommendation Systems, and key words: Technological innovation, Social networking (online), Prototypes, Data visualization, Logic gates, Internet, Data mining. Abstract: Researchers like to collaborate with other researchers to share their knowledge, experience, and resources with each other. By selecting appropriate collaborators researchers can obtain accurate output and they can publish more papers with high quality. They can get higher recognition within their research community. However, selecting appropriate collaborators is a challenging task. Thus, researchers proposed collaborator recommendation systems (CRS) to address that challenge. A network-based recommendation system is one type of CRS. Constructing an effective network is very important in the CRS. Existing network constructing approaches used co-author lists or publications to generate the network. However, the method is not suitable for some researchers like junior researchers and undergraduate students due to a lack of co-authors and publications. In this paper, we propose Google Scholar-based researchers network constructing approach. Common coauthors, the similarity of the area of interests, citation rate, and several co-authored publications between two researchers are extracted from GS to construct the network. The empirical work of our prototype system shows the efficacy of the technique presented.
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4,544
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Please write an abstract with title: I-TRACE: PROTECTING CYBER-PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH ENHANCED GATEWAYS, DLT AND MACHINE LEARNING, and key words: Cyber-physical systems, Machine learning, Mobile communication. Abstract: Recent advances in information and communications technologies, providing increased bandwidth in mobile environments, unprecedented computational power and miniaturisation of electronic devices, are helping realise a hyper-connected world. Specifically, developments in artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things are affording opportunities for enhanced customer service and competitive advantage for businesses and governments alike. However, given the significant value of these emerging services, and the data that underpins them, there is an increasingly urgent need to ensure effective protection. In this paper we present a novel architecture, built upon enhanced gateways, distributed ledger technology and machine learning, to identify, understand, and respond to emerging attacks on this critical infrastructure, thereby maintaining competitive advantage for businesses and realising the benefits of a digital economy for governments.
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4,545
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Please write an abstract with title: An optimal edge detector for bridge target detection in SAR images, and key words: Image edge detection, Detectors, Bridges, Object detection, Radar detection, Image segmentation, Radar imaging, Speckle, Filters, Information science. Abstract: This paper describes an optimal edge detection method for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, which combines the ratio and gradient of averages (RGoA) edge detector and the optimal threshold selection method. We call the method modified RGoA (MRGoA). In MRGoA, two edge strength maps, ratio edge strength map (RESM) and gradient edge strength map (GESM), are computed by using the RGoA method. RESM can be considered as a normalized image, and GESM is a gray-level image. The ratio and gradient thresholds can be optimally selected by using histogram based methods, such as maximum correlation criterion (MCC). Finally, edge maps are obtained by using the ratio and gradient thresholds. In the proposed method, the criterion for determining edge pixels is somewhat different from that in the RGoA edge detector. Experimental results on SAR images have shown the effectiveness of our proposed method.
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4,546
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Please write an abstract with title: Accurate Prediction of Landing Loads for a New Design of a Wing-In-Ground Maritime Surveillance Drone – CFD Investigation, and key words: Water, Geometry, Three-dimensional displays, Surveillance, Refining, Focusing, Adaptive mesh refinement. Abstract: One area of interest for refining WIG UAV designs is the water impact loads exerted during landing. Accurately estimating the loads avoids possible structural damage, removing need for added support. This research supports a unique conceptual design of a WIG UAV for deployment as a maritime surveillance drone. The problem was solved using CFD through STAR-CCM+. Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) was utilised for this investigation and shown to be a valid technique to capture the free surface during drop tests. Slamming load test on the 3D Wig craft estimated loads of around 250-300N for the central hull with the floats showing 70-170N loads. The arrow float geometry showed favourable slamming characteristics for the WIG craft, slowing the body down through entry into the water at a greater rate. These findings will allow for further iterative design work, now focusing on material selection and structural design that can withstand these loads during landing.
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4,547
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance analysis of a servo system with high-bandwidth torque disturbance observer, and key words: Performance analysis, Servomechanisms, Torque, Bandwidth, Acceleration, Servomotors, Low pass filters, Delay estimation, Stability, Friction. Abstract: The paper analyzes the performance of a servo system with torque disturbance observer when the observer bandwidth is high enough to affect the servo dynamics. The main outcome of the analysis is the under-damped or even unstable behavior of the system. Another outcome is the limited range allowable for the parameter mismatch to keep the system stable. The analysis, carried out in the discrete time, is substantiated by experimental results.
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4,548
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Please write an abstract with title: Revisiting Pareto-Optimal Multi- and Many-Objective Reference Fronts for Continuous Optimization, and key words: Measurement, Visualization, Heuristic algorithms, Instruments, Evolutionary computation, Benchmark testing, Approximation algorithms. Abstract: The performance assessment of multi-objective heuristic algorithms is one of the most significant contributions from the evolutionary optimization algorithms community. By contrast, performance assessment in the context of many-objective optimization is still a challenging, open research field. Recent advances have demonstrated disagreements between Pareto-compliant performance metrics, and indicated that reference fronts produced by benchmark generators of Pareto-optimal fronts could be further improved. In this work, we investigate these reference fronts with the help of multi-dimensional visualization techniques and Pareto-monotonic archivers. Interestingly, reference fronts produced by benchmark generators for DTLZ and WFG continuous optimization problems show significant issues, even when only three objectives are considered. Furthermore, given that input solution sets for five-objective problems are not high-quality, archivers are unable to output reasonable approximation fronts. We conclude that the performance assessment of EMO algorithms needs to urgently address reference front generation.
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4,549
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Please write an abstract with title: Co-planar waveguide filter with ground perforation for ultra-wideband system, and key words: Ultra wideband technology, Band pass filters, Apertures, Communication system control, Bandwidth, Frequency, Loss measurement, Size measurement, Delay, Insertion loss. Abstract: In this paper, a compact co-planar waveguide band-pass filter is proposed for ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems by utilizing perforation in the ground layer. An aperture compensation technique is developed to control the coupling strength, since UWB filters require a strong coupling strength due to its wide bandwidth (> 50%). The coupling strength appears frequency-distributed and its maximum value rapidly rises as the aperture widens. Then, a pair of capacitively loaded line sections is inserted between two identical parallel coupled lines to formulate a new planar band-pass filter with multi-pole band-pass behavior. The predicted and measured results show attractive properties of the proposed filter with a pass-band of 3.1 to 5.0 GHz (50%), |S/sub 11/| < -18 dB, group delay 800 psec, insertion loss < 1 dB, and the size of 9 /spl times/ 9 mm/sup 2/.
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4,550
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Please write an abstract with title: Transmit power allocation for non-regenerative multi-relay system, and key words: Power system relaying, Diversity methods, Relays, MIMO, Bandwidth, Signal analysis, Performance loss, Forward contracts, Signal design, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: By allowing multiple users to cooperate and share their antennas effectively, the multi-relay system based on multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) techniques realizes spatial diversity gain in a distributed manner. This paper analyzes the capacity of a two-hop non-regenerative system with multiple relay stations (RSs). Given a certain power constraint, an adaptive power allocation (APA) scheme is developed to maximize the end-to-end achievable rate. Numerical results show that the APA scheme can allocate fractional power efficiently to each hop and select the relaying intellectively based on the power allocation results, which improves the power efficiency and enhances the performance of the multi-relay system significantly.
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4,551
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Please write an abstract with title: A New Test Vector Reordering Technique for Low Power Combinational Circuit Testing, and key words: Switches, Switching circuits, Power dissipation, Testing, Urban areas, Power measurement, Computer architecture. Abstract: During test mode, switching activity in scan-chain integrated circuits increase. As a result, the peak and average power dissipation in test mode often become higher than the normal mode. This can result in yield loss, heat damage to the circuit under test (CUT), and structural damage as well. In this paper, a new technique has been proposed that can efficiently reorder the test vectors targeting low switching activity in the scan chain. The technique has been verified with ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits. The achieved reduction in switching activity goes up to 12% when compared to the pattern order generated by an automatic test pattern generator (ATPG) tools like ATALANTA.
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4,552
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Please write an abstract with title: Clustering gene expression data using continuous Markov models, and key words: Gene expression, Hospitals, Stochastic processes, Absorption, Statistical distributions, Distributed computing, Mathematics, Mathematical model, Mutual information, Information analysis. Abstract: The Coxian phase-type distribution is a special type of Markov model that represents a process as consisting of phases or states which change as time progresses. It is this phase-type representation of the process that makes the Coxian phase-type distributions appealing to use by easing the complexity of the system and in some cases further reducing the amount of cumbersome numerical calculations required. The main aim of this paper is to introduce a new clustering technique based on the Coxian phase-type distribution. The modelling technique is still formed using a continuous Markov model but in addition allows the modelling of similar characteristics within each cluster. Such a technique will provide insights into the data by identifying clusters whereby each cluster may be described as behaving in a certain way or cluster members behaving in similar ways. The clustering technique in this paper may be used to model the behaviour of gene expression data over continuous time.
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4,553
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Please write an abstract with title: Hardware-in-the-Loop Setup for Low Voltage Modular Multilevel Converter Control Development, and key words: Microprocessors, Voltage control, Computer architecture, Task analysis, Low voltage, Pulse width modulation, Capacitors. Abstract: This paper presents a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) setup for the development of low voltage Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) control algorithms. The fundamental low voltage MMC design is presented first, including its control. After that, a low cost and low performance microprocessor topology will be shown, on which the control algorithms are deployed. Advantages are ease of use, providing an affordable and flexible environment for the early proof of concept and risk-free training of controller handling. Then, the HIL testbed implementation with a complete real-time MMC simulation is depicted. Experimental results show that the HIL setup is sufficient to test the controller designs with a high test and fault coverage. The controller designs are also validated. Issues arise with the performance of the real-time simulation, when CPUs with limited performance are used.
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4,554
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Please write an abstract with title: BER performance of a uniform circular array versus a uniform linear array in a mobile radio environment, and key words: Bit error rate, Land mobile radio, Phased arrays, Phase shift keying, Quadrature phase shift keying, Mobile communication, Fading, Azimuthal plane, Rayleigh channels, Antenna arrays. Abstract: In this letter, we present a comparison between the bit error rate (BER) performance of a uniform circular array (UCA) and a uniform linear array (ULA) assuming quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and maximal-ratio-combining (MRC) in a mobile radio communication environment. The results are based on analysis, assuming a flat Rayleigh fading channel with omni-directional antennnas and considering the azimuthal plane only. The analytical BER is derived as a function of the spatial fading correlation for both types of antenna arrays. Results show that for similar aperture sizes the UCA outperforms the ULA when considering all angles-of-arrival. However, there is considerable variability over central angle-of-arrival (AOA) for low-to-moderate angle spreads. For angles-of-arrival concentrated near the broadside of the linear array, the ULA typically performs as well as or better than the UCA. A truncated Gaussian AOA (AOA) distribution is assumed to model spatial correlation and the numerical results focus on four element arrays.
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4,555
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Please write an abstract with title: Hardware Implementation of IDP and LINC Methods Using Real Power Amplifiers, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Simulation, Power amplifiers, Peak to average power ratio, Energy efficiency, Hardware, Software. Abstract: Linearization and peak to average power ration reduction are two classical operations when non-linear power amplifiers (PA) are used. If only PA linearization is considered, the high crest factor (PAPR) of the amplified signal causes saturation when input power is higher than the PA saturation power. If only PAPR reduction is implemented alone, PA non-linearities will degrade the signal at low input backoff (IBO). It is necessary to combine the two methods in order to operate the PA with low IBO while having low in band and out of band degradations. Hybrid methods modify both the architecture of the PA for linearization purposes and the PAPR reduction of the amplified signals. In this paper two hybrid methods: Iterative Dichotomy PAPR Reduction (IDP) and Linear amplification using nonlinear components (LINC) are compared in terms of energy efficiency and implementation complexity. Two real PA models with different output saturation powers are used (45dBm and 15dBm) and the power dedicated to the algorithm implementations are quantified using an FPGA implementation. Simulation results shows that the IDP method outperforms the LINC one in terms of energy efficiency.
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4,556
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Please write an abstract with title: Neural Network Tracking of Switched Robotic Manipulators with Mode-Dependent Average Dwell Time, and key words: Switches, Robots, Manipulators, Neural networks, Control systems, Manipulator dynamics, Uncertain systems. Abstract: This paper is concerned with the tracking control for robotic manipulators with switching loads and parameter uncertainties. More precisely, the neural network approximation method is adopted with adaptive control to deal with the unmodeled dynamics. Multiple Lyapunov function method is used based on mode-dependent average dwell time, such that the tracking error can converge with desired region. A numerical example is finally provided for illustrating our proposed tracking strategy.
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4,557
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Please write an abstract with title: Low beat-noise polarized tunable fiber ring laser, and key words: Tunable circuits and devices, Optical fiber polarization, Fiber lasers, Ring lasers, Laser noise, Laser tuning, Diode lasers, Filters, Power lasers, Power generation. Abstract: A low beat-noise highly polarized tunable fiber ring laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated by using a Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser diode (FP-LD), which acts as a high-pass filter to suppress both the beat noise and TM-polarized light. The wavelength of the fiber ring lasers can be tuned from 1536.82 to 1570.72 nm in 1.12-nm steps and its maximum output power is about +3 dBm. The degree of polarization and extinction ratio of the laser output are about 99% and 60 dB, respectively. The beat-noise with and without the FP-LD was reduced dramatically by 50 dB.
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4,558
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Please write an abstract with title: Exploiting Unique State Transitions to Capture Micro-Doppler Signatures of Human Actions Using CW Radar, and key words: Doppler effect, Time-frequency analysis, Spectrogram, Feature extraction, Doppler radar, Time series analysis, Fourier transforms. Abstract: Micro Doppler phenomenon enables radars to study manifestations of micro movements on top of a moving body. Recent studies have successfully demonstrated the calibre of off body radar sensor nodes in human activity recognition, using time - frequency plots. In this paper, Recurrence Quantification Analysis(RQA) and Poincaré plot based features have been introduced for action classification using radars. Using the underlying idea that each action introduces a unique sequence of pattern in time frequency plots and subsequently Cadence Velocity Diagrams(CVD), we extract state distance matrix from CVD, considering each cadence frequency as a unique state. RQA statistics and Poincaré features try to encapsulate this uniqueness. Additionally, Recurrence plots are used to provide a novel way of representation of micro Doppler data. The signal processing pipeline is tested on experimental data collected from 9 subjects for 8 actions, providing testing accuracy on unseen data of 96.8%, thus demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed method. Average value for both precision and recall is 0.97. Standard deviation for precision and recall is 0.03 and 0.05 respectively.
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4,559
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Please write an abstract with title: On output response compression in the presence of unknown output values, and key words: Circuit testing, Built-in self-test, Circuit synthesis, Circuit faults, Electrical fault detection, Logic testing, Permission, Multiplexing, Cities and towns, Circuit simulation. Abstract: A circuit may produce unknown output values during simulation of an input sequence due to an unknown initial state or due to the existence of tri-state elements. For circuits tested using BIST, unknown output values make it impossible to determine a single unique signature for the fault free circuit. To accommodate unknown output values in a BIST scheme, we describe a procedure for synthesizing a minimal logic block that replaces unknown output values by a known constant. The proposed procedure ensures that the BIST scheme will be able to detect all the faults detectable by the input sequence applied to the circuit while allowing a single unique signature to be obtained.
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4,560
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Please write an abstract with title: Situation Knowledge Service Model Based on Ontology Technology, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Directed acyclic graph, Semantics, Organizations, Ontologies, Performance analysis, Software engineering. Abstract: To tackle problems of low coupling between knowledge organization and business process, and difficulty in balancing the efficiency and accuracy of knowledge retrieval, this paper proposes a situation knowledge service model based on ontology technology. Firstly, the situation ontology is encapsulated into business process-oriented knowledge nodes to meet operational command business requirements; then, knowledge nodes are organized into knowledge trees according to business flow by using directed acyclic graph; finally, a knowledge retrieval strategy is designed to gradually lock the target knowledge resources from two dimensions of semantic relationship and business logic. Through the performance analysis, it is found that the model in this paper can quickly and accurately retrieve the required knowledge resources in the situation knowledge sharing scenario, with high practical values.
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4,561
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Please write an abstract with title: Study of Self-Organized Protein Films for the Purposes of Biomolecular Electronics, and key words: Proteins, Electrical engineering, Electric potential, Molecular electronics, Optical microscopy, Optical computing, Optical films. Abstract: Biomolecular electronics is a very perspective direction for the modern electronics development. In this work we consider self-organized films of albumin protein. Such materials exhibit a number of important properties, making them very promising for the biomolecular electronics. We use methods of optical microscopy and computer simulation for studying of self-organization processes in such films and analyze their potential usefulness for electronic devices. Results of computational and practical experiments are presented in this paper.
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4,562
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Please write an abstract with title: An analysis of the operating conditions of superconducting power transmission lines, and key words: Superconducting transmission lines, Power transmission lines, Superconducting cables, Cooling, Steady-state, Fluid dynamics, Power system transients, Fluid flow, Superconducting materials, Electrodynamics. Abstract: This paper analyzes the operating conditions of a superconducting power transmission line (SPTL), with respect to the specific features of the processes in it. The process of initial cooling of the line, its approach to steady-state conditions, energizing, load buildup, and certain dynamic and transient conditions are examined. The presence of three forms of energy flow electrical, thermal, and fluid flow) necessitated by the operating requirements of the superconducting material in an SPTL, leads to interrelated processes of electrodynamics, heat transfer and hydrodynamics. The nature of their mutual interactions determines the operational reliability of a superconducting cable system, therefore it is necessary to consider probable SPTL operating conditions and these processes in a superconducting cable and to find techniques for controlling these processes.
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4,563
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Please write an abstract with title: Translation validation for model-based code-generators for PLCs, and key words: Programmable control, Automatic control, Open loop systems, Automata, Software safety, IEC standards, Computer languages, Control systems, Electrical equipment industry, Manufacturing industries. Abstract: The use of model-based code-generators for construction of controller software increases the reliability of the software in two ways: first, the models often can be checked for safety conditions. Second the use of code-generators prevents manual implementation faults. However, the reliability depends on the correctness of these code-generators, i.e., whether they really generate code that correctly implements the model. In this paper, we show how this correctness can be checked automatically for code-generators for PLCs.
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4,564
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Please write an abstract with title: An assessment of the diffusion of Private Mini-Grids operating in rural Kenya, and key words: Technological innovation, Electric potential, Europe, Stakeholders. Abstract: High off-grid market penetration in Kenya is one of the key reasons for the fast electrification rate in the country. Solar home systems are largely deployed in remote areas, but mini-grids (MGs) are still far from exploiting their full potential. This study aims to analyze the technological innovation of privately owned mini-grids operating in remote areas of Kenya. Interactions between actors, institutions, and processes are evaluated using primary data collected from stakeholders active in the sector. Through this analysis, we evaluate whether the innovation system is in place to support the diffusion of private MGs and identify obstacles that block the advancement toward market growth.
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4,565
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Please write an abstract with title: Regular 3D mesh reconstruction based on cylindrical mapping, and key words: Signal processing, Image processing, Mesh generation, Image coding, Shape, Image reconstruction, Surface reconstruction, Prototypes, Filling, Topology. Abstract: Complete 3D surface models of real objects can be obtained by integrating several range images, each representing a different view of the object. The mesh generated for these models have irregular connectivity in general. Several remeshing techniques have been proposed to approximate the irregular mesh models with regular meshes, which have several advantages in several applications. We present a prototype of a system to generate regular 3D models of real objects with a simple setup of a single 3D scanner and a turntable. Multiple scans representing different parts of the object surface are mapped on a 2D plane, which facilitates the processes of smooth integration, hole filling and regularization. The complete 3D surface model is represented like a 2D image, on which existing and new signal and image processing techniques can be applied easily.
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4,566
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Please write an abstract with title: Smart Grid Lab Hessen – a real-life test environment for active distribution grids, and key words: Low voltage, Bibliographies, Laboratories, Benchmark testing, Smart grids, Topology, Power systems. Abstract: This paper describes the setup of the laboratory used in project “Smart Grid LAB Hessen” in order to study the interaction of OT and IT systems from different manufacturers within low-voltage (LV) distribution grids. Starting from a literature review on small-scale LV benchmark systems, a general small-scale grid topology for smart LV distribution systems is derived. The topology is flexible enough to model both rural and urban distribution feeders.Also taking into account the limitations from the available laboratory equipment by applying suitable scaling factors
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4,567
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Please write an abstract with title: Phase compensation for ISAR imaging combined with entropy principle, and key words: Entropy, Phase estimation, Equations, Motion compensation, High-resolution imaging, Microwave imaging, Image resolution, Signal resolution, Radar imaging, Radar scattering. Abstract: Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging is a powerful tool in microwave imaging for moving target. It provides high range resolution by transmitting wide-band signal, and high cross-range resolution by coherently accumulating echoes, where phase compensation is one core technique for range-Doppler image formation. However, conventional phase compensation methods usually have problems to compensate the translational motion between radar and target with sufficient accuracy when the motion has high order or even random terms. To solve this problem, the minimum entropy idea is introduced in this paper for ISAR imaging via a nonparametric estimation method.
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4,568
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Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Solar PV Equipped Flexible AC/DC Microgrid Based Energy Management for Effective Residential Power Distribution, and key words: Light emitting diodes, Renewable energy sources, Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Batteries, Energy storage, Hybrid power systems, Microgrids. Abstract: One of the major perceptions of distribution system is frequent power conversion. Conversion losses and the generation of harmonics by the converter have been kneeling day by day and polluting the power network. In this article, an effective energy management scheme has been proposed in the microgrid (MG) framework to promote diminishing energy usage by considering both energy storage and renewable energy sources integration. Integration of renewable energy systems along with battery energy storage systems encourages in promoting energy and also minimizes the cost. The objective of this work is to construct a flexible ac/dc MG to feed ac and dc loads separately in order to reduce multiple conversion losses and to design a hybrid bidirectional converter to manage power sharing between ac and dc grids effectively. Energy-saving possibility of 30.87% is expected by incorporating the MG scheme compared to the conventional scheme and power loss can be reduced by 59.8% compared to the conventional direct grid-tie solar photovoltaic (PV) scheme. Conversion losses happen only during unavoidable circumstances. Energy conversion is managed through an automatic centralized MG controller and the loads are scheduled accordingly, and thereby, utilizing the renewable energy is effectively utilized and the demand optimization is scheduled.
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4,569
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Please write an abstract with title: Distance-matrix routing: a scalable ad-hoc wireless IP routing, and key words: Mobile ad hoc networks, Clustering algorithms, Routing protocols, Ad hoc networks, IP networks, Spine, Global Positioning System, Computer vision, Software performance, Robustness. Abstract: We present a scalable distance-matrix routing algorithm for clusters of nodes. These clusters are defined by GPS coordinates similar to hierarchical routing and geography based routing. We show that the computation and storage requirement of this distance-matrix routing algorithm is scalable and is substantially reduced for large number of mobile nodes. Optimality of routing is maintained. The effect of geographic proximity is shown to reduce computation, message exchange, and route storage requirements. Also, the reduced number of iterations required also improves on the stability of Bellman-Ford type distributed routing algorithms. We plan to implement an IP routing protocol using existing IP router software such as RIP, allowing such mature software to scale up to much larger number of nodes, to handle node mobility, and to perform many ad-hoc network features.
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4,570
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Please write an abstract with title: Ferrite materials for quasi-optical devices and applications, and key words: Ferrites, Magnetic materials, Frequency, Dielectric materials, Bandwidth, Insertion loss, Optical waveguides, Soft magnetic materials, Laser radar, Optical losses. Abstract: We present recent developments in the characterisation and construction of quasi-optical Faraday rotators at millimetre wavelengths. These have been used to build high performance circulators/isolators over a wide range of frequencies and we illustrate their application in a number of mm-wave devices and systems.
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4,571
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Please write an abstract with title: Incorporating Clinical Decisions into Standardised Caremaps, and key words: Analytical models, Systematics, Conferences, Medical services, Diabetes, Informatics. Abstract: Caremaps lack a systematic, easy-to-use graphical representation method for care decision points (DPs), which are often missing. This paper addresses this gap by presenting a consistent model and representational notation for clinical decisions. This paper presents: (1) an analysis of clinical decisions that directly impact the path of patient care in the contemporary caremap; (2) an extension of the activity diagram for caremaps; and (3) the extended TaSC (e-TaSC) model and notation for caremaps modelling. Evaluation is done in two case studies: gestational diabetes mellitus and trauma caremaps. In both case studies, e-TaSC enabled systematic consideration and inclusion of clinical DPs leading to clearer, easier-to-follow and more comprehensive caremaps than found in the literature.
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4,572
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Please write an abstract with title: Receiving part of satellite borne millimeter wave transponder, and key words: Transponders, Gunn devices, Millimeter wave technology, Artificial satellites, Frequency, Band pass filters, Satellite broadcasting, Millimeter wave communication, Local oscillators. Abstract: Engineering models for the receiving part of the satellite borne millimeter wave transponder were developed, and sufficient results were obtained in their overall characteristics for application to the Japanese Experimental Communication Satellite (ECS). This paper presents the development process and characteristics of these engineering models.
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4,573
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Please write an abstract with title: Comparing 3D Rendering Engines in Blender, and key words: Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Rendering (computer graphics), Turning, Motion pictures, Hardware, Software. Abstract: Using most 3D modeling and/or animation software, there are multiple choices for visualization. As Computer Graphics have evolved over the years, there has been an increased demand for computer generated visuals in movies, advertisements, product designs and so much more. Render engines are an essential part of turning project ideas into real products and different engines can produce different results. This raises the question: " What render engine is right for me?". This paper has compared the three easiest and most accessible engines within Blender: Cycles, LuxCore and EEVEE, showing the differences between the subjective and objective differences of the end products, while monitoring hardware usage and measure theing render times to conclude what render engine could be the most optimal choice for a given scene.
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4,574
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Please write an abstract with title: Wideband Receive Beamforming Based on 4-D Antenna Arrays With Postmodulation, and key words: Array signal processing, Modulation, Frequency modulation, Amplitude modulation, Wideband, Time-frequency analysis, Delay lines. Abstract: A wideband receive beamforming configuration and method based on four-dimensional (4-D) antenna arrays with postmodulation is proposed. Two pairs of single-pole-triple-throw switches are utilized for beamforming at the center frequency. Postmodulation is introduced to increase the degree of freedom of 4-D antenna arrays and achieve a deep null point at the steering direction of sidebands power pattern. The reception of 16 quadrature amplitude modulation signal, whose bandwidth is larger than the time modulation frequency, is implemented by a 16-element 4-D dipole array. The results of wideband beamforming show that the sidebands power at the steering direction can be eliminated ideally, whereas the sidelobes level of averaged radiated power pattern is suppressed to a low value. The 4-D array with postmodulation shows obviously improved bit error rates performance as compared to the 4-D array with conventional beamforming method and phased arrays, which confirms that the 4-D array with postmodulation has potential advantages in the application of wideband communication systems.
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4,575
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Please write an abstract with title: Positive sample only learning (PSOL) for predicting RNA genes in E. coli, and key words: RNA, Bioinformatics, Genomics, Iterative algorithms, Helium, Physics computing, Laboratories, Signal processing, Proteins, Large-scale systems. Abstract: RNA genes lack most of the signals used for protein gene identification. A major shortcoming of previous discriminative methods to distinguish functional RNA (fRNA) genes from other non-coding genomic sequences is that only positive examples of fRNAs are known; there are no confirmed negatives - only intergenic sequences that may be positive or negative. To address this problem we developed the "positive sample only learning" (PSOL) method. This method can identify the most likely negative examples from an unlabeled set and is therefore able to distinguish putative functional RNA genes from other non-coding sequence. We compare RNA gene predictions using the PSOL method with previous large-scale analyses of the E. coli K12 genome.
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4,576
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Please write an abstract with title: Voice Assisted Form Filling for the Differently Abled, and key words: Dictionaries, Databases, Government, Speech recognition, Very large scale integration, Software, Filling. Abstract: It is a cumbersome process for the differently abled, especially the visually impaired to fill out forms themselves. The objective of this project is to provide a voice-based medium for automated record entry in the UDID (Unique Disability ID) form, while simultaneously performing real time analysis with high efficiency and accuracy. The goal is to use this technology at kiosks in banks & government offices. This eliminates the need for a helper to fill out the form for the differently abled, giving them a sense of independence.The technology involves a voice assistance option on the online UDID form, using which the software sends out prompts, i.e., the questions present in the UDID form. To avoid any malpractice, these prompts are sent out only after the User’s identity is verified. The User’s data is collected in the form of voice input and it undergoes several processes within the software. After the completion of these processes, meaningful data is stored as a dictionary. Finally, the recorded data present in the dictionary is uploaded on to the database, thus completing the process of filling the UDID form.
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4,577
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Please write an abstract with title: Social Network Analysis Based Criminal Community Identification Model with Community Structures and Node Attributes, and key words: Couplings, Analytical models, Social networking (online), Complex networks, Feature extraction, Computational efficiency, Complexity theory. Abstract: Due to the rise of online social networks, community identification in complex networks has received a lot of attention in the last decade. Because it may be employed to identify important people and linkages, social network analysis is one technique to analyse criminal networks. Given the enormous diversity of actors (people) and groups involved in criminal activities, it may be necessary to investigate and assess their features in order to extract essential information and improve our understanding of their behaviours. The current work will use a social network analysis based novel approach ANOS OCL (analysis of sentiment on clustered leaders) to attain this important goal. Our approach claims to be computationally efficient as only the key actors (aka leaders) of the established subnetworks (communities) are taken into interest for further investigation rather than inquiring each and every person of a subnetwork. This distinguishes our method from other community identifying algorithms where complexity increases with larger networks. The proposed method generates small subnetworks that can be used to identify the list of people and relationships that should be inquired further. On the contrary recognizing subnetworks of interest utilizing other existing community identification methods produces larger and much complicated networks. This study explores users of a social media platform such as facebook whose activities supports criminal propaganda dissemination in varying stages. The interaction among such users provides sole insight into their behaviours.
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4,578
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Please write an abstract with title: NnSP: embedded neural networks stream processor, and key words: Neural networks, Computer architecture, Parallel processing, Neural network hardware, Embedded computing, Time factors, Network topology, Engines, Computer aided instruction, Concurrent computing. Abstract: Exploiting neural networks native parallelism and interaction locality, dedicated parallel hardware implementation of neural networks is essential for their effective use in time-critical applications. The architecture proposed in this paper is a parallel stream processor called neural networks stream processor or NnSP which can be programmed to realize different neural-network topologies and architectures. NnSP is a collection of programmable processing engines organized in custom FIFO-based cache architecture and busing system. Streams of synaptic data flow through the parallel processing elements, and computations are performed based on the instructions embedded in the preambles of the data streams. The command and configuration words embedded in the preamble of a stream, program each processing element to perform a desired computation on the upcoming data. The packetized nature of the stream architecture brings up a high degree of flexibility and scalability for NnSP. The stream processor is synthesized targeting an ASIC standard cell library for SoC implementation and also is realized on Xilinx VirtexII-Pro SoPC beds. A neural network employed for mobile robot navigation control, is implemented on the realized SoPC hardware. The realization-speedup achievements are presented here.
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4,579
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Please write an abstract with title: Development in DC transmission, and key words: Valves, Ions, Urban areas, Rivers, Bridge circuits, Surges, Feeds. Abstract: The expression ‘dc transmission’ is an all-embracing term with many facets, including power system engineering, converter stations design, special equipment design, and like all engineering it is greatly influenced by economics. In essence, a dc transmission scheme will draw its power from some ac source — either directly from generators or alternatively from a power system which in itself can have varying degrees of complexity — and after rectification, transmission and inversion feed the power into another ac system, again of varying complexity, or into another part of the same system. The dc transmission system has to be assessed in terms of economics and reliability compared with alternative ac methods of transmission.
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4,580
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Please write an abstract with title: Optical Scanning Apparatus for Ropes nondestructive test monitoring system, and key words: Nondestructive testing, System testing, Monitoring, Optical fibers, Optical scattering, Transducers, Synthetic fibers, Brillouin scattering, Measurement techniques, Optical fiber losses. Abstract: Nondestructive testing for synthetic fibre ropes is an important step to ensure their safe use as mooring lines for offshore floating platforms. OSCAR is an acronym derived from Optical Scanning Apparatus for Ropes. OSCAR is a new, nondestructive system that has been developed using an optical fibre transducer and a measurement technique known as Brillouin scattering. This is a distributed method and allows changes in the length to be detected along entire length of the optical fibre. It consists of the Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (BOTDR) and the optical fibre transducer. The optical transducer is built into the rope in such a way that it elongates with the rope elongation. The transducer's fibres are connected to the BOTDR which detects the resultant elongation in the optical fibres. As the rope wears or is damaged there is both general and local loss of strain bearing synthetic fibre with a corresponding increase in elongation. When the elongation becomes excessive the rope is retired. This paper describes the system and presents the results of the system testing.
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4,581
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Please write an abstract with title: GREEN'S FUNCTIONS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ONE‐DIMENSIONAL SOURCE‐EXCITED WAVE PROBLEMS, and key words: Green's function methods, Boundary conditions, Impedance, Nonhomogeneous media, Power transmission lines, Inspection, Differential equations. Abstract: This chapter aims to develop the construction of solutions to spatially one‐dimensional (1‐D), time‐harmonic, source‐excited electromagnetic (EM) wave problems via the method of Green's functions. Such 1‐D Green's functions can be employed to analyze the propagation of voltage and current waves on single, as well as a set of coupled transmission lines. The chapter provides the formulation of the solution to the Sturm‐Liouville problem via the 1‐D Green's function approach. It presents the examples of Fourier‐like series and integral transform pairs that can be developed from a Green's function pertaining to a self‐adjoint Sturm‐Liouville operator. The chapter also presents the example for a nonself‐adjoint situation for the sake of completeness.
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4,582
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Please write an abstract with title: Representation and modeling of protein surface determinants, and key words: Shape, Amino acids, Bioinformatics, Protein engineering, Genomics, Biomedical engineering, Peptides, Sequences, Biochemistry, Character recognition. Abstract: Surface characterization of peptides may provide useful information about functionality and potential interactions with other molecules. A description of a protein site through a surface that models the shape conferred by the exposed residues is an effective tool for the analysis and the modeling of proteins that may highlight similarities and relationships not detectable through comparisons at level of primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. This study concerns the development of a tool that extracts the residues that concur to the shape modeling of the surface of a protein or a portion of it. This task is accomplished without taking into account the order of the amino acids in the primary structure, but only according to the selection of a portion of the protein indicated through geometric parameters or an explicit list of amino acids belonging to the site of interest. Both in the case of an entire protein and in the case of a portion of it, the method provides the mesh that models the surface described by the exposed residues that constitute the external envelope. The developed tool which allows the extraction of the exposed residues, and thus of the potential function determinants, is applied to identify the amino acids that concur to the structural interaction in several protein complexes.
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4,583
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Please write an abstract with title: A more generalizable DNN based Automatic Segmentation of Brain Tumors from Multimodal low-resolution 2D MRI, and key words: Image segmentation, Image resolution, Computational modeling, Computer architecture, Manuals, Predictive models, Brain modeling. Abstract: In the field of Neuro-oncology, there is a need for improved diagnosis and prognosis of brain tumors. Brain tumor segmentation is important for treatment planning and assessing the treatment outcomes. Manual segmentation of brain tumors is tedious, time-consuming, and subjective. In this work, an efficient encoder-decoder based architectures were implemented for automatic segmentation of brain tumors from low resolution 2D images. Ensemble of the multiple architectures (EMMA) improves the performance of the brain tumor segmentation. Furthermore, the computational requirements of the proposed models are lower than that of BraTS-challenge methods. The average Fl-scores on the BraTS-challenge validation dataset for Tumor Core, Whole Tumor, and Enhancing Tumor are 0.82, 0.87, and 0.78, respectively. The average Fl-scores on the KMC-Manipal dataset for TC, WT, and ET are 0.74, 0.82, and 0.68 respectively.
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4,584
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Please write an abstract with title: Relationships between Sensory Stimuli and Autonomic Regulation During Real and Virtual Exercises, and key words: Bicycles, Electrocardiography, Biomedical imaging, Dentistry, Pressure measurement, Blood pressure, Muscles, Frequency estimation, Cameras, Torque. Abstract: For expanding application of virtual reality, such as rehabilitation engineering, concerns of cybersickness should be cleared. We have investigated changes in autonomic regulations under real cycling and virtual mountain hiking video with the first-person viewpoint. The results showed that the dominant sensory stimuli affected autonomic regulation with different process. The different process will lead to the hints for preventing cybersickness
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4,585
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Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Wind Turbines on Voltage Stability of Power Systems: Assessment and Improvement, and key words: Reactive power, Wind speed, Rotors, Power system stability, Wind power generation, Stability analysis, Synchronous generators. Abstract: Increasing penetration level of wind turbines in power systems has created new challenges for power engineers. One of such important challenges is voltage stability of power system. According to the studies, when a synchronous generator is replaced by a wind turbine, voltage stability deteriorates. In this paper, voltage stability of power systems in the presence of different types of wind turbines is studied. First, considering the different stability indicators, impact of different types of wind turbines on voltage stability is compared with each other. Then, impact of different control modes of variable speed wind turbines on voltage stability is evaluated. Also, due to the high impact of output reactive power of variable speed wind turbines on the voltage stability indicators, both during and after the fault, a method based on mathematical calculations has been proposed to obtain the optimal reference value of reactive power. Effectiveness of the proposed method in voltage stability improvement has been shown via simulations performed by MATLAB/Simulink software.
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4,586
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Please write an abstract with title: Interest factor controlled compression of imagery, and key words: Image coding, Resilience, Image quality, Bandwidth, Error correction, Signal to noise ratio, Degradation, Streaming media, Redundancy, Image sensors. Abstract: Imagery, also when compressed, require relatively large bandwidth. Homeland defense applications will use a large number of unattended image sensors which will generate enormous amounts of raw data. This paper deals with transmission aspects of scenes containing combinations of potentially interesting objects and the background they are appearing in. The purpose of interest factor controlled compression (IFCC) is to represent the background areas using a coarse representation which does not use an excessive amount of bandwidth, while areas that are assumed to contain interesting objects receive better treatment in terms of image quality and error resilience. Results of IFCC compression of infrared imagery are shown.
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4,587
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Please write an abstract with title: Traffic aggregation for slotted OBS systems, and key words: Assembly, Telecommunication traffic, Optical buffering, Optical network units, WDM networks, Optical losses, Traffic control, Delay effects, Optical burst switching, Stimulated emission. Abstract: In slotted systems, the traffic aggregation strategy heavily impacts efficiency and becomes even more significant in the environment of OBS architectures. One may choose to wait until a slot is filled up or to set a limit to the assembly time, so as to offer delay guarantees to QoS demanding traffic at the cost of inefficiency. When both real-time and elastic traffic must be supported, their contradicting requirements present a challenge on the slot assembly strategy. In this paper, such a slot aggregation strategy combining high utilization gain with service guarantees is presented and evaluated
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4,588
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Please write an abstract with title: OEbBOA: A Novel Improved Binary Butterfly Optimization Approaches With Various Strategies for Feature Selection, and key words: Feature extraction, Optimization, Transfer functions, Search problems, Sociology, Statistics, Measurement. Abstract: Binary butterfly optimization approach (bBOA) is a recent high performing feature selection algorithm presented in 2018 which is based on the food foraging behavior of butterflies. This paper tries to improve the structure of the bBOA to enhance its classification accuracy, dimension reduction and reliability in feature selection task for who are interested in the fields of data mining and pattern recognition. The new initialization strategy and differential evolution strategy are applied to reduce the randomness of bBOA's initialization and local search process. Then, a new parameter is added to make the bBOA's transfer function more adaptive to the change of exploration and exploitation. Besides, evolution population dynamics (EPD) mechanism is employed as an extension of bBOA. The new method called optimization and extension of binary butterfly optimization approaches (OEbBOA) is tested with the K nearest neighbor classier in which twenty UCI datasets and seven recent algorithms are utilized to assess the performance of the OEbBOA algorithm. The experimental results and nonparametric Wilcoxons rank sum test confirm the efficiency of the proposed OEbBOA in maximizing classification accuracy while minimizing the number of features selected.
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4,589
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Please write an abstract with title: Recurrent Neural Networks for Hierarchically Mapping Human-Robot Poses, and key words: Deep learning, Recurrent neural networks, Computer architecture, Artificial neural networks, Task analysis, Elbow, Robots. Abstract: To perform many critical manipulation tasks successfully, human-robot mimicking systems should not only accurately copy the position of a human hand, but its orientation as well. Deep learning methods trained from pairs of corresponding human and robot poses offer one promising approach for constructing a human-robot mapping to accomplish this. However, ignoring the spatial and temporal structure of this mapping makes learning it less effective. We propose two different hierarchical architectures that leverage the structural and temporal human-robot mapping. We partially separate the robotic manipulator's end-effector position and orientation while considering the mutual coupling effects between them. This divides the main problem-making the robot match the human's hand position and mimic its orientation accurately along an unknown trajectory-into several sub-problems. We address these using different recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) that we combine and train hierarchically based on the coupling over the aspects of the robot that each controls. We evaluate our proposed architectures using a virtual reality system to track human table tennis motions and compare with single artificial neural network (ANN) and RNN models. We compare the benefits of using deep learning neural networks with and without our architectures and find smaller errors in position and orientation, along with increased flexibility in wrist movement are obtained by our proposed architectures.
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4,590
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Please write an abstract with title: Differences between communications using e-mail and BBS in an e-counseling environment, and key words: Electronic mail, Educational institutions, Employee welfare, Motion pictures, Humans, Psychology, Internet, Computer mediated communication, Computer science education. Abstract: This paper seeks to examine the differences in communication when using e-mail and BBS (bulletin board system) in a counseling environment for school-refusal students. Subjects were asked to view a short movie whose central theme focused on bullying - a possible factor in some school-refusal students absence from school. Subjects were then asked to issue their thoughts and feelings about the contents of the movie using either e-mail or BBS. The impact of using either e-mail or BBS to convey ones thoughts and feelings were analysed by focusing on three psychological aspects within this experimental study. Firstly, the subjects ability to write their own true thoughts, views and opinions on the clip viewed. Secondly, the thought processes behind their written comments. And finally, subjects ability to empathize with the bullied girl in the movie. For ethical reasons school-refusal students did not act as subjects, instead 21 university students participated in this study. The results of questionnaires administered after this experiment were as follows: subjects found it significantly easier to write down their own true feelings when using e-mail easier than BBS. There were no significant differences in the thought processes that lead to comments being written in either e-mail or BBS. Open-ended questions allowed us to find that many subjects preferred e-mail as it 'allows me to put my thoughts down in a tidy and coherent form'. With BBS, its main strength and weakness was derived from the fact that 'my comments can be seen by many people'. Subjects also found it significantly easier to empathize with the bullied girl when using e-mail as compared to BBS. The result of this study support the idea that e-mail and BBS can be effectively utilized as e-counseling tools.
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4,591
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Please write an abstract with title: Patterns, frameworks, and middleware: their synergistic relationships, and key words: Middleware, Software tools, Software reusability, Computer architecture, Application software, Programming, Collaboration, Concrete, Bridges, Operating systems. Abstract: The knowledge required to develop complex software has historically existed in programming folklore, the heads of experienced developers, or buried deep in the code. These locations are not ideal since the effort required to capture and evolve this knowledge is expensive, time-consuming, and error-prone. Many popular software modeling methods and tools address certain aspects of these problems by documenting how a system is designed However they only support limited portions of software development and do not articulate why a system is designed in a particular way, which complicates subsequent software reuse and evolution. Patterns, frameworks, and middleware are increasingly popular techniques for addressing key aspects of the challenges outlined above. Patterns codify reusable design expertise that provides time-proven solutions to commonly occurring software problems that arise in particular contexts and domains. Frameworks provide both a reusable product-line architecture [1] - guided by patterns - for a family of related applications and an integrated set of collaborating components that implement concrete realizations of the architecture. Middleware is reusable software that leverages patterns and frameworks to bridge the gap between the functional requirements of applications and the underlying operating systems, network protocol stacks, and databases. This paper presents an overview of patterns, frameworks, and middleware, describes how these technologies complement each other to enhance reuse and productivity, and then illustrates how they have been applied successfully in practice to improve the reusability and quality of complex software systems.
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4,592
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Please write an abstract with title: Technology driven organizations - a two way street of management, and key words: Technology management, Companies, Humans, Management training, Scheduling, Manufacturing, Cultural differences, Technological innovation, Feedback loop, Costs. Abstract: The management of technology-based companies to enable them to sustain a competitive advantage in a specific industry is a key requirement in today's technology arena. This paper outlines aspects of managing major changes in culture and staff motivation of a technology driven company. The business moved from being an electronics manufacturing-based company to a technical services provider (i.e. complete business solutions from design and development to manufacture) where the core products are medical related. This paper addresses the human aspects of change management; namely the culture of the organisation, employee motivation by means of ownership and "buy in" and a re-education of the workforce to a technology driven mindset. The paper outlines a planned and controlled manner of permeating the cultural change; assessing employees job satisfaction and enhanced motivation at each stage. It describes a change to a technology mind set that espouses innovation, embracing change and ambiguity, and accepting challenge whilst acknowledging that errors and mistakes are mode on the way to achieving these goals. All of the above is achieved by means of a two way street, firstly by obtaining management participation and then ensuring that employees at the lowest levels of the organisation are educated and familiarised with the change. Strong feedback loops are established to ensure that all employees have input to and ownership of the process.
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4,593
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Please write an abstract with title: IoT based Monitoring and Controlling of Environmental Parameter for Implementing Intelligent Irrigation System, and key words: Temperature sensors, Irrigation, Soil moisture, Moisture, Solar energy, Valves, Sensor systems. Abstract: The Solar Powered Drip Irrigation Method was designed to reduce agricultural water consumption. The proposed module utilizes a microcontroller and several sensors such as soil moisture sensors put in root system belts, temperature sensors, and ultrasonic sensors positioned at the tank's roof. The water volume in the tank is maintained using the on and off operation of the pump. Then the moisture content and temperature are regulated by opening and closing of the solenoid valve. A Wi-Fi module is connected to the control unit that processes sensor data, initiates actuators, and broadcasts data over the internet, allowing the user to watch the farm in real-time from whatever distant area. The programmed code was designed depending on the soil moisture, humidity, and temperature values and is programmed into the central controller to regulate the amount of water delivered to the area for irrigation and the pump to fill the water in the tank. Renewable solar power the entire system. The sensing unit, actuating unit, and the central control unit are wired together, and the control unit communicates with the app through a wireless link. The primary goal of the research is to reduce the farmer's manual intervention, which saves money and resources.
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4,594
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Please write an abstract with title: A time decoding realization with a CNN, and key words: Decoding, Cellular neural networks, Sampling methods, Encoding, Image reconstruction, Pulse modulation, Councils, Communications technology, Informatics, Electronic mail. Abstract: Time encoding is a novel real-time asynchronous mechanism for encoding amplitude information into a time sequence. The analog bandlimited input is fed into a simple nonlinear neuron-like circuit that generates a strictly increasing time sequence based on which the signal can be reconstructed. The heart of the reconstruction is solving a system of ill-conditioned linear equations. The paper shows that the equations can be manipulated so that the reconstruction becomes feasible using a cellular neural network (CNN) with a banded system matrix. In particular, the system is first transformed into a smaller well-conditioned system, and, then, the Lanczos process is used to lay it out into a set of even smaller systems characterized by a set of tridiagonal matrices. Each of these systems can directly be solved by CNNs, whereas the preprocessing (transformation and Lanczos algorithm) and simple postprocessing phases can be partly or fully implemented by using the digital capabilities of the CNN universal machine (CNN-UM). Each step of the proposed formulation is confirmed by numerical (digital) simulations.
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4,595
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Please write an abstract with title: Smart Grids Education, Research and Training for at the Federal University of Itajubá, Brazil, and key words: Electrical engineering, Training, Technological innovation, Sociotechnical systems, Renewable energy sources, Education, Turning. Abstract: Smart grids play a vital role in tracing the path of long-awaited energy sustain ability. The smart grid requires professionals' skills to face difficulties in dealing with intermittent renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, automation and control, energy efficiency, socio-technical systems, environmental, political, and regulatory complex issues. In this perspective, this paper aims to explore and present the education, teaching, and training practices about smart grids through a case study at the Federal University of Itajuba (UNIFEI), Brazil. The contributions of this paper prove to be substantial and active for the educational strengthening of the theme, concerning the inclusion of topics in smart grids in the curricula in electrical engineering; educational management and planning in smart grids from a philosophical perspective; modern and active educational approaches to the teaching-learning process in smart grids; and teaching and research aspects for the development of extension actions in smart grids to the UNIFEI's external community. Finally, this paper reports on the efforts currently being made to improve the undergraduate and graduate electrical engineering curriculum at UNIFEI, emphasizing its vanguard for education in smart grids, active teaching-learning practices, and its role as a high-quality Brazilian university for engineering education.
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4,596
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Hybrid Modeling Simulation Method of Steam Dynamic Transmission and Distribution Process, and key words: Analytical models, Thermodynamics, Computational modeling, Hydraulic systems, Mathematical models, Data models, Software. Abstract: In view of the current lack of dynamic modeling and analysis of steam modeling, the numerical method needs to balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. Based on the basic equation of steam flow, this paper establishes a mathematical model of the hydrothermal process of steam flow. Hydrothermal model is carried out by using a mixture of analytical and numerical methods, and the thermal model is solved by finite difference method for simulation. Compared with the simulation data of commercial simulation software, the solution error of this method is about 0.43%, and the influence of different solution conditions on the thermal process is explored.
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4,597
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Please write an abstract with title: LbR: A New Regression Architecture for Automated Feature Engineering, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Medical treatment, Finance, Machine learning, Data science, Data models, Data mining. Abstract: In recent years, machine learning has developed rapidly and has been widely applied in many fields, such as finance and medical treatment. Many studies have shown that feature engineering is the most important part of machine learning and the most creative part of data science. However, in the traditional feature engineering step, it often requires the participation of experienced domain experts and is very time-consuming. Therefore, automatic feature engineering technology arises, aiming at improving the performance of the model by automatically generating high informative features without expert domain knowledge. However, in these methods, new features are generated by pre-defining a set of identical operators on datasets, ignoring the diversity of data sets. So there is room for improvement in performance. In this paper, we proposed a method named LbR (Label based Regression), which can fully mine correlations between feature pairs and then select feature pairs with high discrimination to generate informative features. We conducted many experiments to show that LbR has better performance and efficiency than other methods in different data sets and machine learning models.
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4,598
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Please write an abstract with title: An embedded word training procedure for connected digit recognition, and key words: Pattern recognition, Pattern matching, Error analysis, Robustness, Vocabulary, Speech recognition, System testing, Fasteners, Concatenated codes. Abstract: The "conventional" way of obtaining word reference patterns for connected word recognition systems is to use isolated word patterns, and to rely on the dynamics of the matching algorithm to account for the differences in connected speech. Connected word recognition, based on such an approach, tends to become unreliable (high error rates) when the talking rate becomes grossly incommensurate with the rate at which the isolated word training patterns were spoken. To alleviate this problem, an improved training procedure for connected word (digit) recognition is proposed in which word reference patterns from isolated occurrences of the vocabulary words are combined with word reference patterns extracted from within connected word strings to give a robust, reliable word recognizer over all normal speaking rates. In a test of the system (as a speaker trained, connected digit recognizer) with 18 talkers each speaking 40 different strings (of variable length from 2 to 5 digits), median string error rates of 0% and 2.5% were obtained for deliberately spoken strings and naturally spoken strings, respectively, when the string length was known. Using just isolated word training tokens, the comparable error rates were 10% and 11.3% respectively.
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4,599
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Please write an abstract with title: Stochastic attributed K-d tree modeling of technical paper title pages, and key words: Hidden Markov models. Abstract: Structural information about a document is essential for structured query processing, indexing, and retrieval. A document page can be partitioned into a hierarchy of homogeneous regions such as columns, paragraphs, etc.; these regions are called physical components, and define the physical layout of the page. In this paper we develop a class of models for the physical layouts of technical paper title pages. We model physical layout using hidden semiMarkov models for directional projections of page regions, and a stochastic attributed K-d tree grammar model for the 2D hierarchical structure of these regions. We use the models to generate sets of synthetic title page images of three distinctive styles, which we use in controlled experiments on page structure analysis.
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