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5,500 | Please write an abstract with title: Cryptanalytic attacks on a chaos-based image encrypting cryptosystem, and key words: Social networking (online), Digital images, Neural networks, Encryption. Abstract: Multimedia security is of utmost important in this era of science and technology. The social networks in the internet witness huge number of digital images which need to be secured. Though lot of image encryption algorithms have been proposed by the scientific community, not all are worthy. In this aspect, a recently published image encryption algorithm is cryptanalyzed, and its weaknesses are revealed. The algorithm employs chaotic map to permute the pixels of the image row-wise and column-wise. After this, sequences from a neural network are generated for substitution in the image. This algorithm can be broken by a chosen plaintext attack, revealing the key. Apart from this, few changes in the algorithm are proposed to strengthen it, however none can really strengthen it without major modifications. |
5,501 | Please write an abstract with title: Iterative detection of diagonal block space time trellis codes, TCM and reversible variable length codes for transmission over Rayleigh fading channels, and key words: Convolutional codes, Fading, Transmitting antennas, Block codes, Iterative decoding, Channel capacity, Modulation coding, Delay effects, Concatenated codes, Performance gain. Abstract: Iterative detection of diagonal block space time trellis codes (DBSTTC), trellis coded modulation (TCM) and reversible variable length codes (RVLC) is proposed. With the aid of efficient iterative decoding, the proposed scheme is capable of providing full transmit diversity and a near channel capacity performance. The performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated when communicating over uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels. Explicitly, significant iteration gains were achieved by the proposed scheme, which was capable of performing within 2 dB of the channel capacity. |
5,502 | Please write an abstract with title: Synthesis of Optimal 5G Array Layouts With Wide-Angle Scanning and Zooming Ability for Efficient Link Setup and High-QoS Communication, and key words: Antenna arrays, Layout, 5G mobile communication, Optimization, Array signal processing, Topology, Arrays. Abstract: An irregular antenna synthesis technique with jointly optimized array subset layouts has been proposed for efficient beam setup and reliable communication in 5G. The proposed approach addresses both the electromagnetic and thermal challenges in 5G arrays by integrating zooming and wide-angle scanning functionality into interleaved-shared layout aperiodic arrays with low side lobes. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated via simulations by using a 64-element array and its smartly thinned subsets. |
5,503 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Technique for LoRa Communication with LEO Nanosatellite, and key words: Wireless communication, Adaptation models, Satellites, Substations, Three-dimensional displays, Software algorithms, Low earth orbit satellites. Abstract: This paper proposes an effective method of IoT solution using nanosatellite communication for remote monitoring of electrical substations. The method deploys a smart IoT LoRa terminal called a node. It records the collected data from sensors and transmits it using LoRa (Long Range) adaptive data packets to the LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellite at specific time intervals depending on the satellite time of visibility and access duration. The implementation of the LoRa Technology in this application allows peer to peer communication between the nodes and the nanosatellite. However, there are some limitations with LoRa and LEO satellite communication. The solution to these limitations has been demonstrated using modelling and simulation methodology. The proposed method improves the IoT-based nanosatellite remote monitoring of electrical sub-stations by mitigating the impact of the limitations. Furthermore, the study shows the nanosatellite view in 2D, 3D, and the target substation's access time by varying its altitude, azimuth, and elevation angles. |
5,504 | Please write an abstract with title: HTIE: A Hierarchical Task Identification Framework for E-mails, and key words: Knowledge based systems, Semantics, Stochastic processes, Computer architecture, Organizations, Information retrieval, Natural language processing. Abstract: E-mails are a widely used form of communication for both business and personal use. The increased usage of e-mails in recent times resulted in the complexity of prioritizing and categorizing them. Reading through the e-mails, categorizing them based on the topic and providing a reply is a laborious and time-consuming process. Additionally, the categorization of the e-mail in the respective task is subjective to the person understanding, thereby introducing selection bias. In order to address these challenges, this paper introduces HTIE, a Hierarchical Task Identification Framework that uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyze the e-mails and identifies the sales domain-specific entities, tasks, and sub-tasks present in the e-mails. The HTIE framework is designed on the principles of microservices architecture pattern, and an orchestrator coordinates the microservices to provide a technology-agnostic and scalable solution. The HTIE framework comprises three core groups of microservices: (a) E-mail Pre-processor, (b) Information Extraction, and (c) Task Identification. Finally, we evaluate the HTIE framework with the Enron dataset and show that the entity-model generated is 55x smaller in size and can identify sales domain-specific entities 18% more accurate than the existing pre-trained language model. Out of the trained classification models to identify the tasks and sub-tasks from the e-mails, the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) classifier is the best performing model with an accuracy score of 0.87 and a recall score of 0.87. |
5,505 | Please write an abstract with title: Soft Robotic Snake Locomotion: Modeling and Experimental Assessment, and key words: Tracking, Shape, Navigation, Friction, Conferences, Kinematics, Bending. Abstract: Snakes are a remarkable evolutionary success story. Numerous snake-inspired robots have been proposed over the years. Soft robotic snakes (SRS), with their continuous and smooth bending capability, can better mimic their biological counterparts' unique characteristics. Prior SRSs are limited to planar operation with a limited number of planar gaits. We propose a novel SRS with spatial bending ability and investigate snake locomotion gaits beyond the planar gaits of the state-of-the-art systems. We derive a complete floating-base kinematic model of the SRS and use the model to derive joint-space trajectories for serpentine and inward/outward rolling locomotion gaits. These gaits are experimentally validated under varying frequency and amplitude of gait cycles. The results qualitatively and quantitatively validate the proposed SRSs' ability to leverage spatial bending to achieve locomotion gaits not possible with current SRS designs. |
5,506 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatial validation of the collection 4 MODIS LAI product in eastern Amazonia, and key words: MODIS, Surface topography, Table lookup, Earth Observing System, Remote sensing, Vegetation mapping, Crops, Regression analysis, Digital elevation models. Abstract: This paper reports on the validation of the Collection 4 MODIS leaf area index (LAI) product over the Tapajo/spl acute/s region, eastern Amazonia. The validation site is enclosed in tile h12v09 of the MODIS LAI product. The methodology to assess MODIS LAI accuracy included two main steps: (1) a multiple regression analysis for the generation of LAI surfaces, based on the relationships between field data and remote sensing information from the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus sensor, and between field data and topographic information from a digital elevation model; (2) the direct comparison of these LAI surfaces with the MODIS LAI surfaces. The analysis indicated that MODIS LAI is significantly overestimated for the Tapajo/spl acute/s region by a factor of 1.18. No relationships between MODIS LAI and the validation surfaces were found. These results are indicative of a predominance of LAI retrievals by the backup algorithm, which is overcompensating LAI values at the saturation domain. The overgeneralization of the land cover layer (MOD12Q1) can be a source of uncertainties for the lookup table parameterization. Further validation efforts must be carried out over Amazonia for a quantitative quality assessment of the MODIS LAI surfaces in order to improve its accuracy. |
5,507 | Please write an abstract with title: On power allocation for generalized cyclic-prefix based channel-equalizers, and key words: Equalizers, OFDM modulation, Additive noise, Colored noise, Finite impulse response filter, Ear, Telephony, Communication cables, Bit rate, Noise figure. Abstract: The cyclic prefix system is commonly employed for channel equalization in discrete multitone systems. The system allows one to perform bit and power allocation in the subbands of the channel. In the DMT system, the input symbol stream, typically binary, is parsed into several substreams which are then communicated over different subbands of the channel. We emphasize that the cyclic prefix can actually be used in a broader setting. For example, if we have to transmit a simple symbol stream belonging to a PAM (pulse amplitude modulation) constellation, we can use the cyclic prefix directly on this stream. More generally, the idea is applicable to the problem of compensating any linear distortion with additive noise. We derive the optimal power allocation formula for the case of a nonflat channel with possibly colored noise. |
5,508 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multi-Input Multi-Phase DC-DC Converter with Soft-Switching Capability, and key words: Power system measurements, Computational modeling, Switching frequency, Snubbers, DC-DC power converters, Voltage, Zero voltage switching. Abstract: This paper proposes a multi-input multi-phase dc-dc converter which can be used for constructing hybrid power systems while achieving active power sharing between sources. In the proposed converter, it is explored that decreasing switching frequency and current stresses of switches forming the phases is possible. Therefore, the problems encountered in its single phase version, such as, low efficiency, high input current ripple, high output voltage ripple, and electromagnetic inference (EMI), can be eliminated. Moreover, a snubber cell is attached to the converter to turn-on and turn-off the switches connected to the all input inductors under ZVS. By this way, it is targeted to improve the efficiency and power density |
5,509 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Deep Wavefront Based Model for Text Localization in 3D Video, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Location awareness, Feature extraction, Solid modeling, Image segmentation, Deep learning, Streaming media. Abstract: With the evolution of electronic devices, such as 3D cameras, addressing the challenges of text localization in 3D video (e.g., for indexing) is increasingly drawing the attention of the multimedia and video processing community. Existing methods focus on 2D video and their performance in the presence of the challenges in 3D video, such as shadow areas associated with text and irregularly sized and shaped text, degrades. This paper proposes the first approach that successfully addresses the challenges of 3D video in addition to those of 2D. It employs a number of innovations, among which, the first is the Generalized Gradient Vector Flow (GGVF) for dominant points detection. The second is the Wavefront concept for text candidate point detection from those dominant points. In addition, an Adaptive B-Spline Polygon Curve Network (ABS-Net) is proposed for accurate text localization in 3D videos by constructing tight fitting bounding polygons using text candidate points. Extensive experiments on custom (3D video) and standard datasets (2D video and scene text) show that the proposed method is practical and useful, and overall outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods. |
5,510 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of coding structure in DNA, and key words: DNA, Sequences, Amino acids, Partitioning algorithms, Genomics, Bioinformatics, Genetics, Computer aided instruction, Galois fields, Error correction codes. Abstract: We have all heard the term "cracking the genomic code", but is DNA a code in the information theoretic sense? The coined term "genetic code" maps nucleotide triplets (codons) to amino acids. However, this is in a computer coding sense because a codon instruction is performed to output an amino acid sequence. We examine methods to detect redundant coding structures in DNA. First, a finite field framework for a nucleotide symbolic sequence is presented; then approaches to finding the sequence structure associated with error correcting codes are examined. We compare a previously proposed parity-check vector search method to a novel subspace partitioning algorithm. The subspace partitioning algorithm is a general approach to finding any linear coding redundancy. Our method provides an easy way of visualizing coding potential in DNA sequences as shown from the test data. |
5,511 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning the Impact of Group Structure on Optimal Herd Path Planning with Cultural Algorithms, and key words: Solid modeling, Leadership, Virtual reality, Organizations, Path planning, Planning, Cultural differences. Abstract: This paper compares several approaches to cooperative multi-agent path planning (MAP) based upon variations of the A* algorithm. To simulate multi-agent migration patterns three path-finding mechanisms based on the classic A* algorithm was utilized: A*; A*, Ambush and Dendriform. Each makes different assumptions about group leadership in terms of their path generation. A* assumes a single leader for the migratory group: A*mbush allows the group to move in waves; and Dendriform allows the group to decompose and recompose into groups of arbitrary size with local leaders. Each mechanism required parameter weightings so that the simulated agents would interact realistically with their environment. Cultural Algorithms were employed to adjust the parameter weight categories in order to optimize the group movement under each of these leadership strategies. The three approaches were applied to the simulation of a real-world multi-agent system, the migration of large herd of caribou. The simulated migration was part of the Deepdive Virtual Reality system. In those simulations A* with a single planning agent emphasized nutrition at the expense of the other parameters. A*mbush learned to reduce nutrition slightly and while increasing its emphasis on risk and exploration. On the other hand, Dendriform emphasized overall effort since its planning more dynamic and required more concentration on local effort to be optimized. |
5,512 | Please write an abstract with title: SmartTuning: Selecting Hyper-Parameters of a ConvNet System for Fast Training and Small Working Memory, and key words: Tuning, Training, Bayes methods, Optimization, Neural networks, Performance evaluation, Memory management. Abstract: It is desirable to deploy a ConvNet system with high inference accuracy, as well as fast training and small inference memory. However, existing approaches to hyper-parameter tuning only focus on high accuracy. Although achieving high accuracy, tuning poorly can significantly increase the performance burden, and thus degrade the overall performance of a ConvNet system. In this article, we propose SmartTuning, an approach to identifying the hyper-parameters of a ConvNet system for high training speed and small working memory, with the restriction of high inference accuracy. The key idea of SmartTuning is to build a new performance model for a ConvNet system, and to integrate Bayesian Optimization to learn the relationship between the overall performance and the hyper-parameters of a ConvNet system. In this way, SmartTuning can balance inference accuracy, training speed and inference memory usage during the tuning process, and thus maximizes the overall performance of a ConvNet system. Our experiments show that SmartTuning can stably identify the hyper-parameter sets that offer very close accuracy with faster training speed (i.e., 7×-11× over MNIST and 2×-3× over CIFAR-10) and much less inference memory usage (i.e., 17×-23× over MNIST and 4×-9× over CIFAR-10), compared with existing tuning approaches. |
5,513 | Please write an abstract with title: Microprocessor support and interface circuits, and key words: Microprocessors, Circuits, Cameras, Central Processing Unit, Instruments, Design engineering, Semiconductor memory, Read only memory, PROM, EPROM. Abstract: In the application of microprocessors, an increasingly important role is being played by peripheral, interface and support circuits. In this light, panelists will assess such major areas as data acquisition, special function processors, mixed analog/digital functions, bus driver/coupler circuits and universal interface adapters. |
5,514 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of distributed optical fiber monitoring data based on GRU-BP, and key words: Deformable models, Training, Neural networks, Distributed databases, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Excavation. Abstract: In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to monitor the frequency shift value of the undistributed optical fiber monitoring points in the coal mining distributed optical fiber monitoring, the paper is based on the physical simulation experiment of the distributed optical fiber two-dimensional simulation mining overburden deformation, using the excavation distance and optical fiber monitoring Point height, elastic modulus, tensile strength, compressive strength and other experimental data construct the characteristic attributes of model samples, and propose a distributed optical fiber monitoring frequency shift value prediction algorithm based on GRU-BP. This method is used to predict the frequency shift of unknown monitoring points. It has high accuracy in terms of value, which provides an idea for predicting the frequency shift value at the monitoring point of the unburied fiber. At the same time, the traditional neural network model is established on the premise that the training sample and the test sample are unchanged, and the prediction results of the GRU-BP combined model are compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that: using the GRU-BP algorithm, the prediction effects of R2, MAE, and RMSE can reach 0.91, 0.45, and 0.73, respectively, and their effects are better than traditional neural network models. |
5,515 | Please write an abstract with title: Formation properties of the main-discharge in pure Ar gas using the automatically preionized plasma electrode, and key words: Plasma properties, Electrodes, Surface discharges, Argon, Cathodes, Ceramics, Dielectrics, Capacitance, Plasma stability, Laser stability. Abstract: In order to develop the discharge-pumped Ar/sub 2//sup */ excimer laser, images of discharge properties in relatively low-pressure (1/spl sim/5 atm) pure Ar gas were obtained using the automatically preionized (API) plasma electrode. The API plasma electrode has a rod-type preionization electrode covered with a ceramic pipe as dielectric and is 74 cm long. The effect of the dielectric capacitance of the ceramic pipe on the API plasma electrode is determined. |
5,516 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Understanding of Biocide Availability in Facades through Immersive Analytics, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Rain, Data analysis, Microbiology, Pipelines, Buildings, Prototypes. Abstract: The durability of facades is heavily affected by multiple factors like microbial growth and weather conditions among others. Biocides are often used to resist these factors and protect the facades. However, the biocides get washed out due to rains and other factors like geometric structure of the facade, orientation of the building. It is therefore, important to understand how these factors affect the durability of facades, leading to a requirement of expert analysis. In this paper, we propose a technical pipeline and a set of interaction techniques to support data analysis within the immersive environment for our case study. Our technical pipeline mainly consists of three steps: 3D reconstruction, embedding sensor data and visualization and interaction techniques. We made a formative evaluation of our prototype to get insights from microbiology, biology and VR experts. The remarks from the experts and the results of the evaluation suggest that an immersive analytic system in our case study could be beneficial for both experts and non-expert users. |
5,517 | Please write an abstract with title: A Model Based Heterogeneous Data Collaboration Method, and key words: Analytical models, Collaboration, Production, Tools, Data models, Mathematical model, Matlab. Abstract: Model based heterogeneous data collaboration is important in the integrated design and manufacturing technology. In this work, we propose a systematic method of collaborative design method for heterogeneous data sources. In our method, we use the Open Model Based Engineering Environment (OpenMBEE) to study. In our work, we setup environment and construct the integrated multi-tools achieving consistency design, and then we successfully design and implement a reasonable scheme to parameterize the model in requirement analysis and store the extracted parameters in Model Management System (MMS) for transporting to the visualization tool for further simulation. We integrate the mathematical analysis tools of MATLAB, and successfully design the interface in the tool integration, and realize the model consistency in the problem of integrating multiple tools in the design based on model center. The effectiveness of the proposed integration strategies is verified by some practical instances. That is verified that our provided study can an effective design idea for complex production. |
5,518 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comprehensive and Modularized Statistical Framework for Gradient Norm Equality in Deep Neural Networks, and key words: Jacobian matrices, Explosions, Measurement, Biological neural networks, Probability, Libraries. Abstract: The rapid development of deep neural networks (DNNs) in recent years can be attributed to the various techniques that address gradient explosion and vanishing. In order to understand the principle behind these techniques and develop new methods, plenty of metrics have been proposed to identify networks that are free of gradient explosion and vanishing. However, due to the diversity of network components and complex serial-parallel hybrid connections in modern DNNs, the evaluation of existing metrics usually requires strong assumptions, complex statistical analysis, or has limited application fields, which constraints their spread in the community. In this paper, inspired by the Gradient Norm Equality and dynamical isometry, we first propose a novel metric called Block Dynamical Isometry, which measures the change of gradient norm in individual blocks. Because our Block Dynamical Isometry is norm-based, its evaluation needs weaker assumptions compared with the original dynamical isometry. To mitigate challenging derivation, we propose a highly modularized statistical framework based on free probability. Our framework includes several key theorems to handle complex serial-parallel hybrid connections and a library to cover the diversity of network components. Besides, several sufficient conditions for prerequisites are provided. Powered by our metric and framework, we analyze extensive initialization, normalization, and network structures. We find that our Block Dynamical Isometry is a universal philosophy behind them. Then, we improve some existing methods based on our analysis, including an activation function selection strategy for initialization techniques, a new configuration for weight normalization, a depth-aware way to derive coefficients in SeLU, and initialization/weight normalization in DenseNet. Moreover, we propose a novel normalization technique named second moment normalization, which has 30 percent fewer computation overhead than batch normalization without accuracy loss and has better performance under micro batch size. Last but not least, our conclusions and methods are evidenced by extensive experiments on multiple models over CIFAR-10 and ImageNet. |
5,519 | Please write an abstract with title: The Adversarial UFP/UFN Attack: A New Threat to ML-based Fake News Detection Systems?, and key words: Feature extraction, Social networking (online), Radio frequency, Support vector machines, Software engineering, Computer science, Voting. Abstract: In this paper, we propose two new attacks: the Adversarial Universal False Positive (UFP) Attack and the Adversarial Universal False Negative (UFN) Attack. The objective of this research is to introduce a new class of attack using only feature vector information. The results show the potential weaknesses of five machine learning (ML) classifiers. These classifiers include k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forrest (RF), a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with a Radial Basis Function (RBF) Kernel, and XGBoost (XGB). |
5,520 | Please write an abstract with title: Composable Programming of Hybrid Workflows for Quantum Simulation, and key words: Program processors, Heuristic algorithms, Object oriented modeling, Stationary state, Fault tolerant systems, Programming, Libraries. Abstract: We present a composable design scheme for the development of hybrid quantum/classical algorithms and workflows for applications of quantum simulation. Our object-oriented approach is based on constructing an expressive set of common data structures and methods that enable programming of a broad variety of complex hybrid quantum simulation applications. The abstract core of our scheme is distilled from the analysis of the current quantum simulation algorithms. Subsequently, it allows a synthesis of new hybrid algorithms and workflows via the extension, specialization, and dynamic customization of the abstract core classes defined by our design. We implement our design scheme using the hardware-agnostic programming language QCOR into the QuaSiMo library. To validate our implementation, we test and show its utility on commercial quantum processors from IBM, running some prototypical quantum simulations. |
5,521 | Please write an abstract with title: A Matrix-based Satellite Cloud Tracking Algorithm, and key words: Radiation effects, Satellites, Shape, Clustering algorithms, Pattern recognition, Solar power generation, Forecasting. Abstract: Solar power generation is heavily reliant on the availability of direct solar irradiation. Intermittent appearances of clouds over a solar plant introduce high variability to solar power output and result in high forecast errors. This warrants the study of different cloud patterns. In this paper, we present a novel approach to track different cloud patterns throughout their lifetimes. We define a matrix, called the Association Matrix, to describe the relationship between different clusters and put forth 7 different conditions for identifying the different cloud phenomena. We use the cloud mask data from the INSAT-3D satellite for our analysis and comprehensively describe the operation of the proposed algorithm in this paper. |
5,522 | Please write an abstract with title: Embedding a Critical Temperature Indicator in a High-Frequency Passive RFID Transponder, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Passive RFID tags, Transponders, Capacitors, Monitoring. Abstract: The purpose of this work is to demonstate the conversion of an optical critical temperature indicator into a capacitive device and to test the effect of its introduction as a parasitic sensing load into the antenna circuit of an HF passive RFID tag. The resulting indicator-capacitor has been electrically characterized and the proposed methodology tested through the formulation and the study of modified transponders. The physical changes related to the transition from the pristine state of the indicator to its activated state have been recorded by electrical impedance spectrum measurements both through direct impedance analyses on the capacitor and through the characterization of an RFID tag embedding the capacitor in its antenna circuit. Experimental results show that impedance variations introduced in tags by the state transition of the indicator can be acquired both in chipless tags and chip-equipped transponders in terms of deviations from the pristine resonance frequency and that such smart labels could be acquired also in real-life scenarios through low-cost checkpoints. We suggest that more efficient implementations of resonant temperature indicators embedded in RFID tags could take advantage of our preliminary results in order to optimize the performance and functionality of the sensing tag. |
5,523 | Please write an abstract with title: Leakage power analysis of a 90nm FPGA, and key words: Field programmable gate arrays, Energy consumption, Semiconductor device modeling, Analytical models, Modems, Reconfigurable architectures, CMOS process, Power measurement, Logic design, Reconfigurable logic. Abstract: Reconfigurable architectures, including FPGAs, are promising solutions for managing increasing design complexity while achieving both performance and flexibility. To support reconfiguration, FPGAs use more transistors per function than fixed-logic solutions, resulting in higher leakage power consumption. Consequently, FPGAs are generally not found in mobile applications. In this work, we analyze the leakage power of a low-cost, 90 nm FPGA using detailed device-level simulations. The simulation methodology accounts for design-dependent variations and provides detailed leakage power breakdowns. The analysis quantifies the leakage power challenge in FPGAs, and identifies promising approaches for FPGA leakage power reduction. |
5,524 | Please write an abstract with title: Economic aspects of sensor selection optimization of finite and infinite dimensional dynamical systems, and key words: Economics, Graphical models, Filtering, Heuristic algorithms, Sensor systems, Sensors, Noise measurement. Abstract: The economic aspects as a new factor in the selection of sensors for improved filtering of dynamical systems are introduced. By using the price of a single sensor, reflected by high values of the associated covariance, an economic aspect of the sensor optimization for optimal filtering is introduced. Both the unit price and the total price of a network of inexpensive noisy sensors are used as an alternative to the performance of a single expensive and highly accurate sensor. Algorithms for the integrated sensor optimization for both finite and infinite dimensional systems are presented and examples are provided to demonstrate these effects. |
5,525 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning-Based Dictionary Construction for MIMO Radar Detection in Complex Scenes, and key words: Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, sparse representation, complex-valued convolutional autoencoder, nonlinear correction, transceiving space-time resource allocation. Abstract: Conventional sparse representation methods cannot effectively characterize the nonlinear effects caused by non-ideal space-time factors of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system and scenes with complex non-uniform clutter. In addition, a single dictionary is employed for both target and clutter representation, making their separability rather low, thus leading to the degradation of target detection performance. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based dictionary construction approach to achieve dictionaries of target and clutter with high separability and excellent nonlinear correction ability, where the nonlinear characteristics of the received signal are effectively represented and corrected using a complex-valued convolutional autoencoder (CVCAE) network. With the criteria of minimizing the reconstruction and nonlinear correction errors as well as the correlation of target and clutter dictionaries, we jointly learn a CVCAE-based nonlinear correction model for the received signal with nonlinearity and sparse representation for target and clutter in the corrected linear space. An iterative algorithm is proposed to jointly search the solutions to the resultant optimization issue. To acquire the optimal complete dictionaries, an allocation model of the transceiving space-time resources is constructed under the least squares (LS) criterion and tackled using convex optimization. Extensive experimental results conducted on the measured Mountain-Top dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method compared to state-of-the-art methods. |
5,526 | Please write an abstract with title: Pyramid-Context Guided Feature Fusion for RGB-D Semantic Segmentation, and key words: Image segmentation, Conferences, Semantics, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Incorporating depth information into RGB images has proven its effectiveness in semantic segmentation. The multi-modal feature fusion, which integrates depth and RGB features, is a crucial component determining segmentation accuracy. Most existing multi-modal feature fusion schemes enhance multi-modal features via channel-wise attention modules which leverage global context information. In this work, we propose a novel pyramid-context guided fusion (PCGF) module to fully exploit the complementary information from the depth and RGB features. The proposed PCGF utilizes both local and global contexts inside the attention module to provide effective guidance for fusing cross-modal features of inconsistent semantics. Moreover, we introduce a lightweight yet practical multi-level general fusion module to combine the features at multiple levels of abstraction to enable high-resolution prediction. Utilizing the proposed feature fusion modules, our Pyramid-Context Guided Network (PCGNet) can learn discriminative features by taking full advantage of multi-modal and multi-level information. Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed PCGNet achieves state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark datasets NYUDv2 and SUN-RGBD. |
5,527 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Seismic Signals for Vehicle Targets and Recognition by Data Fusion, and key words: Vehicles, Target recognition, Data mining, Feature extraction, Artificial neural networks, Genetics. Abstract: This paper researches seismic signals of typical vehicle targets in order to extract features and to recognize vehicle targets. As a data fusion method, the technique of artificial neural networks combined with genetic algorithm(ANNCGA) is applied for recognition of seismic signals that belong to different kinds of vehicle targets. The technique of ANNCGA and its architecture have been presented. The algorithm had been used for classification and recognition of seismic signals of vehicle targets in the outdoor environment. Through experiments, it can be proven that seismic properties of target acquired are correct, ANNCGA data fusion method is effective to solve the problem of target recognition. |
5,528 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-Technical Losses Detection in Distribution Grids using LSTM Networks, and key words: Support vector machines, Recurrent neural networks, Network topology, Europe, Computer architecture, Feature extraction, Topology. Abstract: Non-technical losses (NTL) constitute a major issue in many countries. NLT can be considered as a bad data detection problem. Thus, classical approaches like the weighted least square method and statistical tests can be used to detect and identify bad data regarded from NTL. Classical approaches are suitable tools when the topology of the network and its parameters are known. While this assumption is widely accepted in transmission grids, it is not the case in distribution grids, where grid reconfiguration is common, and parameters have a significant dependence on the ambient conditions. In this paper, we leverage the latest advances in mathematical and computational tools to detect NTL in distribution grids. Thus, NTL detection can be implemented in an automated system that does not require human interaction. We use off-the-shelf machine learning algorithms for dealing with it. In particular, we introduce a new architecture that combines different types of deep neural networks, such as convolutional and recurrent neural networks. A thoughtful set of simulations over a realistic dataset is performed and compared with other model-free machine-learning approaches, namely, support vector machine, random forest, and gradient boosted trees. |
5,529 | Please write an abstract with title: Limitations of aperture antenna theory for accurate transient field calculation in the time domain, and key words: Antenna theory, Receiving antennas, Aperture antennas, Ultra wideband antennas, Time-domain analysis, Transient analysis, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: In this paper the research of an electromagnetic (EM) field in the time domain emitted by a planar circular aperture is presented. Numerical modeling and analytical calculation of EM realizations at specific points inside and outside of the spotlight beam are carried out using the finite integration technique (FIT) method and the analytical method of calculating impulse response function (IRF) of the aperture. It is shown that the analytical method of calculating impulse response function can provide adequate estimation of an aperture antenna EM field while emitting ultra-wideband (UWB) signal. The criterion for the applying region of the analytical method with an accuracy of less than 1% is obtained. |
5,530 | Please write an abstract with title: Method for Accessing and Processing Multimedia Content in a Cloud Environment, and key words: method, voice assistants, multimedia content, cloud environment, Alexa. Abstract: Various voice assistants were analyzed and Alexa was selected as the best one. For the first time a voice skill was developed that works with cloud environment, and also works with files and loses them in the column Echo Dot. The development peculiarity is to describe the interaction with Alexa in the JSON file format and the programming of the AWS Lambda service, which is proposed to replace the implementation on Ruby on Rails to reduce the processing time of the request, with the hosting (hosting) in the same skill implementation service. At the moment there are no similar skills and voice assistants. |
5,531 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of Anomaly Detection in a Microservice System Through Continuous Feedback from Development, and key words: Solution design, Biological system modeling, Microservice architectures, Software, Data models, Optimization, Monitoring. Abstract: Monitoring a microservice system may bring a lot of benefits to development teams such as early detection of run-time errors and various performance anomalies. In this study, we explore deep learning (DL) solutions for detection of anomalous system’s behavior based on collected monitoring data that consists of applications’ and systems’ performance metrics. The study is conducted in a collaboration with a Swedish company responsible for ticket and payment management in public transportation. Moreover, we specifically address a shortage of approaches for evaluating DL models without any ground truth data. Hence, we propose a solution design for anomaly detection and reporting alerts inspired by state-of-the-art DL solutions. Furthermore, we propose a plan for its in-context implementation and evaluation empowered by feedback from the development team. Through continuous feedback from development, the labeled data is generated and used for optimization of the DL model. In this way, a microservice system may leverage DL solutions to address rising challenges within its architecture. CCS CONCEPTS • Software and its engineering → Software post-development issues; • Information systems → Data mining; Computing platforms; • Computing methodologies → Machine learning. |
5,532 | Please write an abstract with title: External Magnetic Field Minimization for the Integrated Magnetics in Series Resonant Converter, and key words: Windings, Magnetic cores, Magnetic resonance, Magnetic flux, Magnetic separation, Inductors, Inductance. Abstract: The resonant dc–dc converter is preferred for high-efficiency applications due to its less switching loss and better electromagnetic interference (EMI) characteristics. However, in a wide range of steady-state voltage gain applications, such as the on-board charger application, the wide output voltage range will lead to a bulky resonant inductor, which will decrease the power density. Magnetic integration of the inductor and transformer is an effective way to reduce the total magnetic volume. However, the traditional integrated magnetics of transformer and inductor will result in high magnetic field intensity in the external space nearby the integrated magnetic component. This external magnetic field will cause large eddy current losses in the neighboring metal heatsink and serious EMI issues. In order to deal with this problem, an integrated winding structure with a negligible external magnetic field is proposed in this article. By rebuilding the external winding segments with a better coupling coefficient, the external magnetic field intensity is canceled without efficiency and size sacrifices. Detailed analysis and design procedures of the proposed structure are presented. A 6.6-kW dc–dc prototype is built to verify the cancelation effect of the magnetic field intensity in the neighboring external space. |
5,533 | Please write an abstract with title: Potential of an Automatic Grounding Zone Characterization Using Wrapped InSAR Phase, and key words: Grounding, Ice, Strain, Antarctica, Synthetic aperture radar, Fasteners, Geophysical measurements. Abstract: The work deals with the identification and the characterization of the grounding zone area using InSAR data. The idea is to point towards a methodology that minimizes the role of the operator and provides results with performance that can be mathematically described using input parameters. The approach uses the information of the interferometric phase gradient to follow the path of the grounding zone and fit them using a physical model that describes the ice bending. The approach is tested on more than 300 km grounding zone comparing also the results with existing products. |
5,534 | Please write an abstract with title: Dividing and filtering function integration for the development of a band-pass filtering power amplifier, and key words: Band pass filters, Filtering, Power filters, Transversal filters, Resonator filters, Power dividers, Bandwidth, Impedance, Resonant frequency, Power amplifiers. Abstract: Integration of amplifying and filtering functions, based on transversal structure principles, is one solution to develop miniaturized mobile communication devices. An architecture using power combination has been developed, combining the filter and the three branches power divider. The system is dual-band (0.9 GHz and 1.94 GHz). The filter is constituted by two looped Stepped Impedance Resonators (S.I.R.), symmetrically positioned on each side of the stopped feeding line. Power is equally divided thanks to coupling effects between output microstrip lines. |
5,535 | Please write an abstract with title: Predicting Mothers with Postpartum Depression using Machine Learning Approaches, and key words: Support vector machines, Training, Adaptation models, Adaptive systems, Computational modeling, Predictive models, Depression. Abstract: Postpartum depression (PPD) occurs in some mothers after giving childbirth because of changes in their physical, behavioral, and emotional. This mental disorder is hard to predict and its symptoms are complex. The main objective of this research is to develop a model to predict postpartum depression risk levels using mother's family, social background, and other data-related status of the mother. Also, using Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) has classified risk levels into 4 classes mild, moderate, severe, and profound, and trained and evaluated the proposed system on a Sri Lankan mothers’ dataset based on their postnatal period within 6 months of childbirth. To build the proposed system this study has used Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFANN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System with Genetic Algorithm (ANFIS - GA), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Because after reviewing past literature can find many models have gotten the best performance through these models. Finally, depending on the model's performance has supposed to identify which model has good performance when predicting. After model training and testing, the FFANN model (95% accuracy) and the ANFIS - GA model (testing error: 0.0600) have good performance as classification and regression types of models, respectively. Then comparing both models' performance, concluded that FFANN with multi-classification has the best performance when predicting postpartum depression risk levels. Further, it helps to identify more influential factors as well. |
5,536 | Please write an abstract with title: Variations on the Gallager bounds, connections, and applications, and key words: Maximum likelihood decoding, Upper bound, Error probability, Fading, Information theory, Turbo codes, Parity check codes, Interleaved codes, Modulation coding, Performance analysis. Abstract: There has been renewed interest in deriving tight bounds on the error performance of specific codes and ensembles, based on their distance spectrum. We discuss many reported upper bounds on the maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding error probability and demonstrate the underlying connections that exist between them. In addressing the Gallager bounds and their variations, we focus on the Duman and Salehi (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.46, p.717-723, 1998)variation, which originates from the standard Gallager bound. A large class of efficient bounds (or their Chernoff versions) is demonstrated to be a special case of the generalized second version of the Duman and Salehi bounds. Implications and applications of these observations are pointed out, including the fully interleaved fading channel, resorting to either matched or mismatched decoding. The proposed approach can be generalized to geometrically uniform nonbinary codes, finite-state channels, bit interleaved coded modulation systems, and it can be also used for the derivation of upper bounds on the conditional decoding error probability. |
5,537 | Please write an abstract with title: Causation in Science, and key words: causal constraints, science, causation, locality, determinism, stability, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, causal eliminativism, causal reductionism, symmetries, conservation laws, variation principles, causal relations, change, necessity, Bertrand Russell, directionality, teleology, fate, physical theories, instability, physics, probability, dynamics, teleological thinking, nonlocality, indeterminism, Heisenberg uncertainty relations, Erwin Schrödinger, I. Pitowsky, entanglement, S. Popescu, causal family, Pauli exclusion principle, gauge theories, gauge freedom, Curie's principle, least action principle, causality, sufficient reason principle, reasons, causes, God, Leonhard Euler, Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, reduction, emergence, lawlessness, philosophy of mind, Donald Davidson, higher-level eliminativism, higher-level causation. Abstract: <p>This book explores the role of causal constraints in science, shifting our attention from causal relations between individual events--the focus of most philosophical treatments of causation—to a broad family of concepts and principles generating constraints on possible change. Yemima Ben-Menahem looks at determinism, locality, stability, symmetry principles, conservation laws, and the principle of least action—causal constraints that serve to distinguish events and processes that our best scientific theories mandate or allow from those they rule out.<br><br>Ben-Menahem's approach reveals that causation is just as relevant to explaining why certain events fail to occur as it is to explaining events that do occur. She investigates the conceptual differences between, and interrelations of, members of the causal family, thereby clarifying problems at the heart of the philosophy of science. Ben-Menahem argues that the distinction between determinism and stability is pertinent to the philosophy of history and the foundations of statistical mechanics, and that the interplay of determinism and locality is crucial for understanding quantum mechanics. Providing historical perspective, she traces the causal constraints of contemporary science to traditional intuitions about causation, and demonstrates how the teleological appearance of some constraints is explained away in current scientific theories such as quantum mechanics.<br><br><i>Causation in Science</i> represents a bold challenge to both causal eliminativism and causal reductionism—the notions that causation has no place in science and that higher-level causal claims are reducible to the causal claims of fundamental physics.</br></br></br></br></p> |
5,538 | Please write an abstract with title: Effects of electric pulse strength and pulse duration on plasmid DNA electromobility, and key words: DNA, Pulse measurements, Pulse amplifiers, Voltage, Electrokinetics, Fluorescence, In vivo, Electric variables measurement, Motion measurement, Neoplasms. Abstract: Interstitial transport of DNA is a rate-limiting step in electric field-mediated gene delivery. Interstitial transport of macromolecules such as plasmid DNA is limited by small diffusion coefficient, large diffusion distance and inadequate convection. Here, we explore electric field as a novel interstitial driving force for plasmid DNA transport. We measured the electrophoretic movement, and hence, electromobility of fluorescently-labeled plasmid DNA in agarose gels of three concentrations (1, 2, and 3%), subjected to electric pulses at three levels of field strength (100, 200 and 400 V/cm) and four levels of pulse duration (10, 50, 75, 99 ms). In our experiments, electrophoresis is up to four orders of magnitude greater than diffusion for plasmid transport in agarose gel. In all gels, we found that shorter duration pulses (<10 ms) are not as efficient as longer duration pulses for pushing DNA. We also found that electromobility increases monotonically with applied voltage resulting in a maximum value at the highest applied voltage (400 V/cm) in all three gels. The rate of electromobility increase with applied voltage was amplified at higher gel concentration. These results indicate that plasmid DNA electromobility in porous media can be optimized through pulse duration and pulse strength. |
5,539 | Please write an abstract with title: Faults in Cloud Environment, and key words: Cloud computing, Computational modeling, Sociology, Tools, User experience, Planning, Statistics. Abstract: Cloud computing is an area in great expansion in the recently years and have begin to be indispensable for greatest majority of world population, even for those who do not work directly on technical areas. One of the greatest challenge in this field encompass the planning of systems in a way to decrease implementation costs while maximizing the efficiency; simulation can be used evaluate alternatives on part of the project. Fault injection is one of the main aspects that can be tackled by simulation. Unhandled faults on the cloud environment can lead to downtime and financial losses. This paper presents the implementation of new faults in the fault injection system for the cloud simulator iSPD (iconic Simulator for Parallel and Distributed Systems), aiming at enhancing the simulation tool, and improving users experience on it. |
5,540 | Please write an abstract with title: Deformable Sprites for Unsupervised Video Decomposition, and key words: Deformable models, Training, Computer vision, Pattern recognition, Internet, Sprites (computer), Standards. Abstract: We describe a method to extract persistent elements of a dynamic scene from an input video. We represent each scene element as a Deformable Sprite consisting of three components: 1) a 2D texture image for the entire video, 2) per-frame masks for the element, and 3) non-rigid deformations that map the texture image into each video frame. The resulting decomposition allows for applications such as consistent video editing. Deformable Sprites are a type of video auto-encoder model that is optimized on individual videos, and does not require training on a large dataset, nor does it rely on pretrained models. Moreover, our method does not require object masks or other user input, and discovers moving objects of a wider variety than previous work. We evaluate our approach on standard video datasets and show qualitative results on a diverse array of Internet videos. |
5,541 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance-based Reliability Prediction of Power Supply Considering Degradation Uncertainties, and key words: Degradation, Uncertainty, Power supplies, Sensitivity analysis, Predictive models, Maintenance engineering, Reliability engineering. Abstract: Reliability prediction is an effective approach to find weak links and evaluate whether the product satisfies its reliability requirement during the design phase. For the highly reliable product, it is far difficult to predict its reliability level according to the traditional method that largely relies on historical data from reliability handbooks. This paper proposes a performance-based reliability prediction method, which makes use of degradation to reflect product's health conditions. Additionally, a degradation model considering multivariate uncertainties such as operation conditions and parameter randomness is proposed to describe soft failures induced by degradation. A case study of power supply is illustrated to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method and degradation model for reliability prediction. |
5,542 | Please write an abstract with title: System and application performance of function placement strategies for virtualized mobile fronthaul/backhaul networks, and key words: Power demand, Network interfaces, Analytical models, Centralized control, Numerical models, Bandwidth, Synchronization. Abstract: In this paper, we focused on the function placement problem of mobile cellular networks on the premise of integrated control of the fronthaul and the backhaul network. We construct the analytical model of the problem to derive the end-to-end delay and packet loss rate for application traffic, and the power consumption of the whole system. Through numerical evaluations, we present that by properly placing the network functions of the fronthaul and the backhaul networks, it is possible to reduce the end-to-end delay time of application traffic significantly, while the power consumption and packet loss rate remain almost unchanged. |
5,543 | Please write an abstract with title: VoIP over DVB-RCS with QoS and bandwidth on demand, and key words: Internet telephony, Digital video broadcasting, Bandwidth, Codecs, Jitter, Added delay, Propagation delay, Artificial satellites, Pulse modulation, Earth. Abstract: Motivated by the need for compliance/interoperability above the satellite-specific layers, this article proposes a consolidated approach for voice over IP over satellite networks based on the ETSI DVB-RCS standard. Voice communication is a real-time service that needs priority over other services in IP environments with limited bandwidth, such as IP satellite networks. Bandwidth utilization in such networks needs to be optimized in order to reduce service costs, and this requires the use of dynamic bandwidth allocation schemes. This article therefore addresses the role of bandwidth on demand in the optimization of bandwidth allocation for VoIP and assesses the impact of BoD mechanisms on voice quality. The trade-off between voice quality and bandwidth efficiency is investigated under different DVB-RCS-specific capacity request/allocation strategies, and it is demonstrated that DVB-RCS provides an efficient platform for integrated support for a variety of VoIP applications over satellite. The main contribution of this article consists of the identification of the mechanisms capable of responding to the key challenges raised by the VoIP application in the satellite environment. |
5,544 | Please write an abstract with title: MetPGNet: Meteorological Prior Guided Network for Temperature Forecasting, and key words: Forecasting, Ocean temperature, Feature extraction, Heating systems, Mathematical models, Atmospheric modeling, Temperature distribution. Abstract: High temperature is one of the most severe disasters in the world, which causes the death of millions of people each year. Accurate temperature forecasting, as a key member of weather prediction, is of great application value. Many recent contributions treat weather forecasting as a spatio-temporal learning task, in which these methods mainly capture the motion of a rigid body while neglecting the generation and dispersion of fluid elements. However, typical spatio-temporal prediction is quite different from meteorological forecasting. To resolve this key issue, this letter proposes MetPGNet, a meteorological prior guided network for hourly temperature forecasting. Specifically, under the framework of atmospheric theory, three simple but effective multidimensional attention branches, i.e., the advection branch, the vertical branch, and the temporal branch, are elaborately designed to depict the temperature variation of spatial atmospheric advection, vertical atmospheric movement, and temporal heat exchange, respectively. Experiments compared with state-of-the-art spatio-temporal learning and weather prediction methods demonstrate the superiority of the proposed MetPGNet. Specifically, MetPGNet gets an improvement of 0.52 on mean absolute error (MAE) compared with vanilla ConvGRU. |
5,545 | Please write an abstract with title: Extendability of CIP spin-valve sensors to narrow dimensions, and key words: Giant magnetoresistance, Magnetic sensors, Magnetic memory, Magnetic heads, Wires, Electrical resistance measurement, Milling, Degradation, Heating, Ion beams. Abstract: In this paper, we study the recording head, the parasitic lead resistance makes the spin-valve performance and its properties. |
5,546 | Please write an abstract with title: Explicit Design and Analysis of Inductive Clamping Class E Inverters for ZVS Operation with Capacitive Load Impedance, and key words: class E inverter, inductive clamping. Abstract: As a kind of nonlinear power amplifier, class E inverters has the advantages of ultra-high efficiency, high power density, simple circuit topology and low-side driving, but it's highly load sensitive, only maintains zero-voltage switching (ZVS) over a narrow range of load impedance, and is susceptible to switching overvoltage when the load varies. With the inductive clamping circuits, class E inverter has all advantages mentioned above and in addition has minimum spurious oscillations and a wide range of load maintaining ZVS. This paper proposed explicit design of inductive clamping class E inverter (ICCEI) and revealed the mechanism of inductive clamping circuit through steady-state response and transient response. The ICCEI with and without clamping power supply have been built and tested. The efficiency of these can be up to 91.7% and 90.23% at nominal operating conditions, respectively. The experimental results show that the two inductive clamping Class E inverters are able to maintain ZVS operation under the capacitive load condition without using any control strategy or complicate matching networks and quickly reach steady-state in one cycle when load varies, effectively avoiding switching overvoltage. |
5,547 | Please write an abstract with title: Local Stability of Wasserstein GANs With Abstract Gradient Penalty, and key words: Dynamical systems, Gallium nitride, Optimization, Convergence, Q measurement, Heuristic algorithms, Generators. Abstract: The convergence of generative adversarial networks (GANs) has been studied substantially in various aspects to achieve successful generative tasks. Ever since it is first proposed, the idea has achieved many theoretical improvements by injecting an instance noise, choosing different divergences, penalizing the discriminator, and so on. In essence, these efforts are to approximate a real-world measure with an idle measure through a learning procedure. In this article, we provide an analysis of GANs in the most general setting to reveal what, in essence, should be satisfied to achieve successful convergence. This work is not trivial since handling a converging sequence of an abstract measure requires a lot more sophisticated concepts. In doing so, we find an interesting fact that the discriminator can be penalized in a more general setting than what has been implemented. Furthermore, our experiment results substantiate our theoretical argument on various generative tasks. |
5,548 | Please write an abstract with title: Pathfinding for Disaster Emergency Route Using Sparse A* and Dijkstra Algorithm with Augmented Reality, and key words: Visualization, Landslides, Navigation, Earthquakes, Organizations, Tagging, Mobile handsets. Abstract: Indonesia has many natural disasters, ranging from floods, landslides, earthquakes and other disasters. The disaster caused damage and trauma to the victims. From January 1 to December 31, 2020, natural disasters have claimed 6,203,730 victims and a total of 2,952 disasters. As disaster cases increase from year to year, volunteers and disaster response organizations begin to participate in helping disaster victims. However, problems usually occur for volunteers to easily reach and access the disaster location. Using only a 2D map is not enough to help volunteers to get to the disaster location properly, especially in rural areas that are difficult to navigate on. For this reason, it is necessary to develop a 2D map system which provides to proper route visualization. In addition, a good pathfinding algorithm is able to enhance the map to have an accurate route. In this study the pathfinding algorithms used for is sparse A* and Dijkstra’s algorithms. Then the visualization is assisted by Augmented Reality (AR) technology which can show the route that will be traversed by emergency disaster volunteers. The purpose of this study is to assist those volunteers in finding the shortest path using two algorithms and AR as a visualization of the route. |
5,549 | Please write an abstract with title: Sparse Dual Graph-Regularized Deep Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Image Clustering, and key words: Sparse matrices, Matrix decomposition, Manifolds, Data mining, Clustering algorithms, Linear programming, Feature extraction. Abstract: Deep nonnegative matrix factorization (Deep NMF) as an emerging technique for image clustering has attracted more and more attention. This is because it can effectively reduce high-dimensional data and reveal the latent hierarchical information of the complex data. However, two limitations may still deteriorate their performances: (1) the local invariance of the input data is insufficiently explored, that is, the intrinsic geometrical structures of the original data in the data and feature spaces are not considered simultaneously; (2) the sparseness that can greatly improve the ability of learning parts is also ignored. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to address the above two problems, referred to as Sparse Dual Graph-regularized Deep Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (SDG Deep NMF), which can learn sparse and informative deep features while sufficiently exploring the local invariance of the data to discover valuable information underlying the input data. Specifically, SDG Deep NMF learns the informative deep features by performing the dual graph regularization in the deep NMF framework, which can respect the intrinsic geometrical structures of the input data in the data and feature spaces while mining the data information in hidden layers. Meanwhile, SDG Deep NMF also imposes sparse constraints on the basis matrix during the feature learning to improve the part-based learning capabilities. Moreover, we construct the objective function of SDG Deep NMF in the form of the Euclidean distance for convenience, the iterative updating scheme is chosen to optimize it. Comprehensive experiments on four benchmark datasets can demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in image clustering. |
5,550 | Please write an abstract with title: A method of planning to launch additional floats, on a cruise, to drift with certain average spaces, and key words: Space technology, Technology planning, Marine technology, Meteorology, Lab-on-a-chip, Oceans, Marine vehicles. Abstract: The scientific mission of the international project ARGO is to build a real-time and high-resolution monitoring system for upper and middle layers of the world ocean, however, an easy to use procedure to determine the points to launch ARGO floats with a certain spacing must be established. This paper proposes the method to determine the next launching point successively, considering the number density and distances among the floats previously deployed. This method is easy to adopt even when the cruise track is curved or broken |
5,551 | Please write an abstract with title: CEUS-Net: Lesion Segmentation in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound with Feature-Reweighted Attention Mechanism, and key words: Lesions, Breast, Image segmentation, Imaging, Feature extraction, Aerodynamics. Abstract: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been a popular clinical imaging technique for the dynamic visualization of the tumor microvasculature. Due to the heterogeneous intra-tumor vessel distribution and ambiguous lesion boundary, automatic tumor segmentation in the CEUS sequence is challenging. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a novel network, CEUS-Net, which is a novel U-net network infused with our designed feature-reweighted dense blocks. Specifically, CEUS-Net incorporates the dynamic channel-wise feature re-weighting into the Dense block for adapting the importance of learned lesion-relevant features. Besides, in order to efficiently utilize dynamic characteristics of CEUS modality, our model attempts to learn spatial-temporal features encoded in diverse enhancement patterns using a multichannel convolutional module. The CEUS-Net has been tested on tumor segmentation tasks of CEUS images from breast and thyroid lesions. It results in the dice index of 0.84, and 0.78 for CEUS segmentation of breast and thyroid respectively. |
5,552 | Please write an abstract with title: Manoeuvring target tracking with the IMM-VDA algorithm, and key words: Target tracking, Radar tracking, Viterbi algorithm, Clutter, Personal digital assistants, Surveillance, Filter bank, Australia, Signal to noise ratio, Dynamic programming. Abstract: This paper describes an algorithm for tracking a manoeuvring target in heavy clutter and/or with a low probability of detection. It is known that when tracking under such adverse conditions multi-scan tracking algorithms, such as the multi-hypothesis tracker (MHT), provide improved performance over single-scan trackers. This paper uses a computationally efficient algorithm for multi-scan target tracking based on the Viterbi algorithm, known as the Viterbi data association (VDA) algorithm. In this paper it is shown how the VDA algorithm can be combined with the well-known interacting multiple model (IMM) method to create an effective multi-scan manoeuvring target tracker. The performance of the IMM-VDA algorithm is shown by simulation. It is compared to another manoeuvring target algorithm based on the VDA approach which uses a hard decision manoeuvre detection scheme. In addition, it is compared to a single-scan tracking algorithm based on the probabilistic data association method. |
5,553 | Please write an abstract with title: New applications for "standard" electrostatic separators, and key words: Electrostatics, Particle separators, Aluminum, Plastic films, Corona, Recycling, Manufacturing, Positron emission tomography, Wire, Machinery production industries. Abstract: Electrostatic separators are commonly used for the separation of metals and plastics in the recycling industry. Hamos GmbH, Penzberg, Germany, is a leading manufacturer of this kind of systems with more than 200 production scale machines sold world-wide. The paper presents several novel applications of two "standard" models: the drum-type corona-electrostatic separator, and the tribo-electrostatic separator. |
5,554 | Please write an abstract with title: System-Level Optimization Design of Tubular Permanent-Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor for Electromagnetic Emission, and key words: Pulsed power supplies, Design methodology, Synchronous motors, Permanent magnet motors, Permanent magnets, Response surface methodology, Power systems. Abstract: As the core equipment for the electromagnetic emission system, the tubular permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (TPMLSM) is required to be of lighter weight and less power, taking the weight of the pulse power supply system into account. In this paper, a comprehensive optimization design method of TPMLSM is introduced, which is aimed to obtain a system-level optimal solution with strict dimensional and power restrictions. First, the calculation model of TPMLSM performance is established based on magneto-static field (2D-FEM) and response surface methodology (RSM), the precision is validated by transient field (2D-FEM). Then the optimal design procedure of TPMLSM is deduced, revealing clear advantages of the proposed model in design flexibility. Finally, the performances of all designs including both the motor and power system are calculated, listed, and optimized by selecting the optimal power level. |
5,555 | Please write an abstract with title: Frequency-Shift Chirp Spread Spectrum Communications With Index Modulation, and key words: Chirp, Modulation, Power capacitors, Frequency shift keying, Cascading style sheets, Receivers. Abstract: This article introduces a novel frequency-shift chirp spread spectrum (FSCSS) system with index modulation (IM). By using combinations of orthogonal chirp signals for message representation, the proposed FSCSS with index modulation (FSCSS-IM) system is very flexible to design and can achieve much higher data rates than the conventional FSCSS system under the same bandwidth. The article presents optimal detection algorithms, both coherently and noncoherently, for the proposed FSCSS-IM system. Furthermore, a low-complexity noncoherent detection algorithm is also developed to reduce the computational complexity of the receiver, which is shown to achieve near-optimal performance. The results are presented to demonstrate that the proposed system, while enabling much higher data rates, enjoys similar bit-error performance as that of the conventional FSCSS system. |
5,556 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart learning environment, measure online student satisfaction: a case study in the context of higher education in Morocco, and key words: Electronic learning, Correlation, Numerical analysis, Education, Diversity reception, Sociology, Mathematical models. Abstract: Nowadays, new technologies have been widely adopted in schools and in particular in universities. E-learning platforms are designed with learning content, self-assessments and support services, thus improving the quality of learning by facilitating the use of services and resources, on the one hand, and distance exchange and collaboration on the other. Aside from the benefits of e-learning, it is also important to check whether the learners are sufficiently satisfied with their experience. This study focused on the learners’ satisfaction toward e-learning systems in higher education and also proposed a theoretical model combining several factors to better understand learners’ satisfaction in Morocco e-learning systems. A structural equation modelling approach was used to test the correlation between the components of our model. The results indicated that, the diversity in assessments, course flexibility, social interactions, system quality and perceived usefulness has positive effects on learner satisfaction. Findings of this research will be useful for both institutions and practitioners of e-learning systems. |
5,557 | Please write an abstract with title: Developing a Consistent Domain-Oriented Distributed Object Service, and key words: Random access memory, Computer networks, Computer science, Middleware, Computer crashes, Algorithm design and analysis, Application software, Distributed computing, Engineering profession, Maintenance engineering. Abstract: This paper presents a new algorithm for a reconfigurable distributed domain-oriented atomic object service, called DO-RAMBO, which stands for domain-oriented reconfigurable atomic memory for basic objects. This service is suitable for inclusion as a middleware system service for distributed applications requiring atomic read/write data. The implementation substantially extends and refines the abstract RAMBO algorithm of Lynch and Shvartsman that supports individual atomic objects. In this paper domains are introduced to allow the users to group related atomic objects. The new implementation manages configurations on the basis of domains, significantly improving the utility and the performance of the resulting service. DO-RAMBO guarantees consistency under asynchrony, message loss, node crashes, new node arrivals, and node departures. We present the formal algorithm development for DO-RAMBO and give analytical and preliminary empirical results that illustrate the benefit of the new approach |
5,558 | Please write an abstract with title: New high-order filter structures using only single-ended-input OTAs and grounded capacitors, and key words: Filters, Capacitors, Voltage, Transconductance, Operational amplifiers, Transfer functions, Circuit synthesis, Energy consumption, Analytical models, Circuit simulation. Abstract: Despite the wealth of literature on operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)-C filters, the synthesis of high-order filter characteristics is still an active topic. In this paper the realization of voltage transfer functions based on canonical current-mode follow-the-leader-feedback (FLF) OTA-C structures are investigated. Two new structures are presented, which use only single-ended-input OTAs and grounded capacitors. The first structure has a single voltage input and multiple voltage outputs taken from different nodes, which enables it to provide simultaneous outputs of different filter functions. The second structure has a single voltage output and single voltage input distributed to different circuit nodes for a universal realization. The authors not only propose such filter structures, but also show how analytical synthesis can be used to produce filter circuits that have less active elements than those recently reported voltage-mode structures which are based on differential-input OTAs. This represents another attractive feature from chip area, and power consumption point of view. Simulation results verifying the theoretical analysis of the proposed filter structure are included. |
5,559 | Please write an abstract with title: Multilevel Attention Based U-Shape Graph Neural Network for Point Clouds Learning, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Decoding, Fuses, Task analysis, Feature extraction, Encoding, Semantics. Abstract: With the popularity of 3-D sensors in industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), point clouds learning is increasingly important. In this article, we propose a novel multilevel attention based U-shape graph neural network (MAUGNN) for point clouds learning, which can effectively learn the features from low-level to high-level and fuse multiple-level features based on the graph neural networks and attention mechanism. There are three parts in MAUGNN: encoder, decoder, and connections. In the encoder and decoder, we design an attention-based graph convolution to explore the structural information for point clouds. During the encoder, a structure-aware attention pooling is proposed to support down-sampling on point cloud data. To adaptively fuse coarse-grained features from the encoder and fine-grained features from the decoder together, we also propose a structure-aware attention skip connection mechanism. Extensive experiments on popular point cloud datasets demonstrate the superior performance of our MAUGNN over state-of-the-art baselines. |
5,560 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrated Frequency Selective Surface and Antenna Printed on a Transparent Substrate, and key words: Frequency selective surfaces, Frequency modulation, Antennas, Glass, Antenna measurements, Windows, Substrates. Abstract: This letter presents an integrated design of a frequency modulation (FM) radio antenna and a band-stop frequency selective surface (FSS) printed on a thin and transparent glass substrate. The glass is enclosed by a rectangular aluminum frame. Such a structure can be readily applied to the windows of a car or building. The FSS is implemented with an array of cross dipoles printed using silver compound, which is able to prevent the penetration of incident 2.4 GHz signal. On the other hand, the FM antenna is also implemented on the same surface as the FSS. By joining 19 cross elements with conductive strips, the FM antenna forms a T-shaped monopole within the frame. The antenna is then fed by a 50 Ω coaxial probe and its 6 dB return loss bandwidth covers the entire FM radio channels from 87.5 to 108 MHz. The ingenious integration of the FM antenna and FSS is potentially very useful in applications that require both shielding and wireless communications, while maintaining the optical transparency at the same time. |
5,561 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance analysis of DSTTD based on diversity-multiplexing trade-off, and key words: Performance analysis, Receiving antennas, Transmitting antennas, Diversity reception, Diversity methods, MIMO, Performance gain, Block codes, Fading, Information technology. Abstract: In this paper, the performance analysis of double space time transmit diversity (DSTTD) achieving both diversity and multiplexing gain is introduced. The performance analysis of DSTTD is based on diversity-multiplexing trade-off. In addition, It is compared with space time block code (STBC) and vertical bell labs layered space-time code (V-BLAST) which aim diversity gain and multiplexing gain, respectively. Additionally, symbol error rate (SER) is considered. As a result of analysis and simulation, it is proved that pursuing both diversity gain and multiplexing gain is most preferable. |
5,562 | Please write an abstract with title: A comprehensive model for ultrawideband propagation channels, and key words: Ultra wideband technology, Proposals, Standardization, Body area networks, Frequency dependence, Communication system security, Radio transmitters, System testing, Antenna measurements, Area measurement. Abstract: This paper describes a comprehensive statistical model for UWB propagation channels that is valid for a frequency range from 3-10 GHz. It is based on measurements and simulations in the following environments: residential indoor, office indoor, built-up outdoor, industrial indoor, farm environments, and body area networks. The model is independent of the used antennas. It includes the frequency dependence of the pathloss, as well as several generalizations of the Saleh-Valenzuela model, like mixed Poisson times of arrival and delay dependent cluster decay constants. The model can thus be used for realistic performance assessment of UWB systems. It was accepted by the IEEE 802.15.4a working group (WG) as standard model for evaluation of UWB system proposals |
5,563 | Please write an abstract with title: Operating feeling based design in human-robot collaborative control systems, and key words: Collaboration, Control systems, Humans, Collaborative work, Master-slave, Robot sensing systems, Displays, Radio control, Mechanical engineering, Intelligent systems. Abstract: The object of this paper is to give a guideline for designing the human-robot collaborative control system attaching importance to maneuverability of the operator. The operative "feel" is quantitatively evaluated using the norm of input-output signal obtained from the sensors during operation. As an example of the human-robot collaborative system, the subjective operative "feel" of the operator is qualitatively analyzed during the sine wave following task using 1-link operation arm. In addition, the control performance of the operator is examined from the viewpoint of H/sub /spl infin// control using the measurement data during the collaborative operation. As a result, it was suggested that the operator executes the given task while adequately reforming the sensitivity function and complementary sensitivity function of the closed loop system of the collaborative system. Use of this method enables design of the control system taking into consideration the operative "feel" of maneuverability. |
5,564 | Please write an abstract with title: An Initial Assessment of the Potential Weather Barriers of Urban Air Mobility, and key words: Meteorology, Urban areas, Aircraft, Wind, NASA, Statistics, Sociology. Abstract: Urban Air Mobility (UAM), a subset of advanced air mobility, is a concept that envisions safe, sustainable, affordable, and accessible air transportation for passenger mobility, cargo delivery, and emergency management within or traversing a metropolitan area. In recent years, several companies have designed and tested enabling elements of this concept, including; prototypes of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft, operational concepts, and market studies to understand potential business models. While UAM may be enabled by the convergence of several factors, a number of barriers such as weather could present challenges to scaling operations. This research discusses the potential weather and public acceptance challenges for operations in adverse conditions. This article presents a comprehensive seasonal and diurnal climatology analysis using historical observations across anticipated operational altitudes (surface- 5000 ft AGL) at ten metropolitan areas across the United States for the NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD). Public perceptions of weather-related societal barriers were evaluated through a five-city general population survey (n = 1,702) where respondents were asked about their views regarding flying in a small aircraft in a variety of adverse weather conditions using a six statement 5-point Likert scale. The results of the climatology analysis found weather most favorable in Los Angeles and San Francisco, with much less favorable conditions in Denver, New York City, and Washington D.C. In the future, equipping automated vehicles, unmanned aircraft systems, and VTOLs with meteorological sensors coupled with machine learning and artificial intelligence could enhance predictive capabilities that reduce flight cancellations and delays for travelers. |
5,565 | Please write an abstract with title: Data mining techniques for microarray datasets, and key words: Data mining, Bioinformatics, Data analysis, Databases, Computer science, Seminars, Genomics, Monitoring, Organisms, Gene expression. Abstract: Data mining research, which focuses on scalable and effective knowledge discovery from databases, can provide timely solutions for the biologists in these aspects. In this article, we aim to provide platform in which various aspects of microarray data analysis is being introduced. We discuss in layman term how microarray datasets are generated and used in biological research. We use example from the real projects that we participate in to illustrate the potential of different technologies. We also discuss existing data mining tools and methods used for analyzing the microarray data sets and their biological implications. We also offer a wide range of analysis tools that can be applied to microarray gene expression analysis. Finally, we present a set of open problems and future research directions for microarray data analysis. |
5,566 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnetic flux fluctuations due to eddy currents and thermal noise in metallic disks, and key words: Magnetic flux, Fluctuations, Eddy currents, Magnetic noise, Superconducting device noise, Frequency, SQUIDs, Coaxial components, Superconducting devices, Quantum mechanics. Abstract: We derive expressions for the magnetic flux in a circular loop due to eddy currents and thermal noise in coaxial metallic disks. The eddy currents are induced by an applied field that changes sinusoidally in time. We give expressions for the eddy current noise when the frequency of the applied field is very low as well as when it is very high. We combine these expressions to obtain one that is valid over the whole frequency range. The theoretical results agree well with experimental ones obtained by means of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer system. We also studied the flux due to thermal noise; again, the theoretical results show fair agreement with the experimental ones. |
5,567 | Please write an abstract with title: RASCAL - an autonomous ground vehicle for desert driving in the DARPA Grand Challenge 2005, and key words: Land vehicles, Intelligent sensors, Control systems, Remotely operated vehicles, Global Positioning System, Area measurement, Laser radar, Intelligent transportation systems, Road vehicles, Vehicle driving. Abstract: The DARPA Grand Challenge is a competition of autonomous ground vehicles in the Mojave desert, with a prize of } for the winner. This event was organized in 2004 and held annually at least until 2007, until a team wins the prize. The teams are coming from various background, but the rule that no US government funding or technology that was created with US government funding could be used for this competition, prevented some of the well established players to participate. The team SciAutonics/Auburn-Engineering continues their effort to build a system for participation in this challenge, based on the 2004 entry RASCAL. The main focus in the system design is on improvements of the design from 2004. Novel sensing modalities the team plans to use in 2005, are a stereo vision system and a radar system for obstacle detection. Offline simulation allows to analyze situations in the laboratory and to replay recordings from sensors. The Grand Challenge 2005 takes place on October 8, and the SciAutonics/Auburn team intends to compete with the improved RASCAL system. |
5,568 | Please write an abstract with title: ANN based Predictive Model for identifying Epileptic Seizures with Random Forest Feature Selection, and key words: Epilepsy, Training data, Predictive models, Feature extraction, Brain modeling, Electroencephalography, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that adversely affects the social life of the affected people. Nearly 65 million people were affected worldwide. In many cases, (nearly30%) of this disease cannot be healed with medications. However, seizure prediction will help in disease prevention. Encephalogram is the common test that helps to diagnose the epilepsy. The electrical activity of human brain can be recorded as EEG signals. The manual inspection to detect abnormalities in the epileptic form is more time-consuming and inaccurate. This arises a need for automated framework that helps in precisely distinguishing EEG signals. Various researchers have employed different machine-learning models for seizure prediction. But achieving high performance is still a challenging task. The proposed model provides a reliable system for seizure prediction with improved performance by using different ANN models. Neural network is presently a blazing technique in machine learning paradigm, which constitutes noble success in several healthcare data analysis. There are many ML models available for seizure detection with EEG signals. The existing models preprocess the data and extract the feature before classification. According to our knowledge, there is no work with ANN for seizure classification has been done on the preprocessed clinical dataset. This research work proposes a framework with preprocessed dataset and extracted time domain features. The proposed system provides automated seizure prediction framework, which integrates random-forest method for feature selection and ANN classifiers for seizure prediction. There are several forms of neural network, where everyone have their individual precise use case. In the proposed framework, different ANN methods like ANN with resilient back-propagation with weights, ANN with resilient back-propagation without weights and two types of globally convergent methods are used as classifiers with sigmoid as activation function and they are trained and tested as trail and error method to find the best number of hidden layers and nodes in each layer. According to the results, this framework provides a expedite analysis with the selected attributes of EEG signals to detect seizures and reduces time complexity in analyzing the large datasets. Among different ANN methods(RPROP+, RPROP-, SAG, SLR), SLR provides good accuracy as 99.56 % and precision as 99.2%. |
5,569 | Please write an abstract with title: Plasma charging damage to gate dielectric-past, present and future, and key words: Dielectrics, Plasma applications, Plasma materials processing, Plasma density, Breakdown voltage, Plasma devices, Plasma sources, Stress, Electric breakdown, Circuits. Abstract: Plasma charging damage to thin gate dielectric evolves with the integrated circuit technology. As gate dielectric thins down, its sensitivity to electrical stress changes, so are the impacts of such stress on device and circuit reliability. Concurrent to that change, is the change in plasma systems used in production. The convolution of the two determines the seriousness of plasma charging damage, as well as its methods of characterization. As the industry poise to make yet another major change, namely to high-k gate dielectric, the problem of plasma charging damage will have to be treated differently again. |
5,570 | Please write an abstract with title: Out-of-distribution in Human Activity Recognition, and key words: Training, Uncertainty, Computational modeling, Time series analysis, Predictive models, Activity recognition, Feature extraction. Abstract: With the growing interest of the research community in making deep learning (DL) robust and reliable, detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data has become critical. Detecting OOD inputs during test/prediction allows the model to account for discriminative features unknown to the model. This capability increases the model’s reliability since this model provides a class prediction solely at incoming data similar to the training one. OOD detection is well established in computer vision problems. However, it remains relatively under-explored in other domains such as time series (i.e., Human Activity Recognition (HAR)). Since uncertainty has been a critical driver for OOD in vision-based models, the same component has proven effective in time-series applications.We plan to address the OOD detection problem in HAR with time-series data in this work. To test the capability of the proposed method, we define different types of OOD for HAR that arise from realistic scenarios. We apply an ensemble-based temporal learning framework that incorporates uncertainty and detects OOD for the defined HAR workloads. In particular, we extract OODs from popular benchmark HAR datasets and use the framework to separate those OODs from the in-distribution (ID) data. Across all the datasets, the ensemble framework outperformed the traditional deep-learning method (our baseline) on the OOD detection task. |
5,571 | Please write an abstract with title: Motor Imagery EEG Decoding Method Based on a Discriminative Feature Learning Strategy, and key words: Electroencephalography, Decoding, Feature extraction, Task analysis, Classification algorithms, Deep learning, Data mining. Abstract: With the rapid development of deep learning, more and more deep learning-based motor imagery electroencephalograph (EEG) decoding methods have emerged in recent years. However, the existing deep learning-based methods usually only adopt the constraint of classification loss, which hardly obtains the features with high discrimination and limits the improvement of EEG decoding accuracy. In this paper, a discriminative feature learning strategy is proposed to improve the discrimination of features, which includes the central distance loss (CD-loss), the central vector shift strategy, and the central vector update process. First, the CD-loss is proposed to make the same class of samples converge to the corresponding central vector. Then, the central vector shift strategy extends the distance between different classes of samples in the feature space. Finally, the central vector update process is adopted to avoid the non-convergence of CD-loss and weaken the influence of the initial value of central vectors on the final results. In addition, overfitting is another severe challenge for deep learning-based EEG decoding methods. To deal with this problem, a data augmentation method based on circular translation strategy is proposed to expand the experimental datasets without introducing any extra noise or losing any information of the original data. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct some experiments on two public motor imagery EEG datasets (BCI competition IV 2a and 2b dataset), respectively. The comparison with current state-of-the-art methods indicates that our method achieves the highest average accuracy and good stability on the two experimental datasets. |
5,572 | Please write an abstract with title: A two-stage CMA-based receiver for blind joint equalization and multiuser detection in high data-rate DS-CDMA systems, and key words: Blind equalizers, Multiuser detection, Multiaccess communication, Intersymbol interference, Multiple access interference, Adaptive systems, Timing, Interference suppression, Analytical models, Detectors. Abstract: The paper deals with the problem of blind mitigation of intersymbol interference (ISI) as well as multiple-access interference (MAI) in asynchronous high data-rate direct-sequence code-division multiple-access systems. A blind adaptive multiuser receiver based on the constant-modulus algorithm (CMA) is proposed, which demodulates each desired user by exploiting only the knowledge of its spreading code, without requiring estimation of the users's channels and timings. In order to overcome the CMA interference capture problem, which arises in a multiuser scenario, a two-stage adaptive receiver is adopted: In the first stage, partial MAI and ISI suppression is blindly achieved by exploiting the desired user signature structure properties; in the second stage, the residual MAI and the ISI are removed by using the CMA, and the information symbols of the desired user are reliably recovered. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the first stage is an effective blind adaptive strategy which allows the CMA detector in the second stage to lock on the desired-user symbol, at a particular delay. The proposed blind receiver achieves a significant performance gain in comparison with existing blind methods. |
5,573 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Demand Response in Integartion of Renewable Energy Resources in Smart Grid, and key words: Load management, Power systems, Frequency control, Renewable energy sources, Wind turbines, Hydraulic turbines, Transfer functions. Abstract: Nowadays, due to modernization in technology and need of bulk power, impact of demand response (DR) in integration of renewable resources in a smart grid (SG) plays a major part in the development of society. In this study, the impact of DR is investigated in integrated renewable resources in SG. Due to intermittency in renewable resources it is modeled as a stochastic process. A hybrid power system is considered in this study consisting of integrated power generation from thermal, wind turbine and photovoltaic system. Controller parameters in this study are tuned with proportional integration (PI) based particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Simulation results and analysis are obtained for studied system, which illustrate the effectiveness of proposed method for studied system. |
5,574 | Please write an abstract with title: Vote of thanks, and key words: Gold, Training, Shafts, Productivity, Industries, Companies, Testing. Abstract: Mr President, Gentlemen, it is a great honour and a pleasure to me to propose a vote of thanks to your President Elect for the very interesting paper he has just delivered. Mr Goedhals has shown how the Electrical Department of a large mine has met the challenges that have come forward over a period of many years. E R P M as a company was formed in 1893 to take over certain interests in the mines, Driefontein, St Angelo, New Comet, Agnes Munro, Cinderella, New Blue Sky and Leeupoort Gold Mines. As the names indicate, all these were relatively small mines in the romantic era on the Witwatersrand gold fields immediately after the finding of gold. |
5,575 | Please write an abstract with title: Capture of homotopy classes with probabilistic road map, and key words: Road accidents, Research and development, Testing, Motion planning, Mobile robots, Robotics and automation, Path planning, Mechanical systems, Kinematics, Control systems. Abstract: Feasibility tests in virtual reality for nuclear power plant maintenance or dismantling operations are a source of problems for motion planning because finding a way in a cluttered environment is not easy for the bulky loads, mobile devices and robots used in such operations. Standard probabilistic roadmap methods (PRM) have been successfully used to answer such feasibility problems. These methods provide, at the most a single solution but do not provide a complete overview of the possible motions which have to be evaluated in a complete engineering task. We focus here on the open question of building probabilistic roadmaps which can provide an exhaustive list of all the solutions which can not be distorted from one to another while staying collision free. We call such roadmaps homotopy preserving probabilistic roadmap (HPPR). We propose a new algorithm for creating HPPR. |
5,576 | Please write an abstract with title: Data-Based Iterative DHP Optimal Tracking Control with a Wastewater Treatment Application, and key words: Training, Adaptive systems, Heuristic algorithms, Optimal control, Cost function, Regulation, Iterative algorithms. Abstract: In order to implement the tracking control design towards concentrations of dissolved oxygen and nitrate nitrogen in wastewater treatment, a data-based iterative dual heuristic dynamic programming (DHP) method is established in this paper. First, the optimal tracking control problem is transformed into the optimal regulation problem. Then, the iterative adaptive dynamic programming strategy is introduced to solve the optimal control problem of the new system with the discount factor in the cost function, and the convergence analysis of the iterative algorithm is given. Furthermore, a new training approach is used to adjust the weights of the action and critic networks. Finally, the experimental simulation for a wastewater treatment plant is presented to verify the applicability of the proposed iterative DHP optimal tracking control method. |
5,577 | Please write an abstract with title: Safety-Critical Adaptive Control with Nonlinear Reference Model Systems, and key words: Adaptive control, Adaptation models, Trajectory, Uncertainty, Safety, Numerical models. Abstract: In this paper, a model reference adaptive control architecture is proposed for uncertain nonlinear systems to achieve prescribed performance guarantees. Specifically, a general nonlinear reference model system is considered that captures an ideal and safe system behavior. An adaptive control architecture is then proposed to suppress the effects of system uncertainties without any prior knowledge of their magnitude and rate upper bounds. More importantly, the proposed control architecture enforces the system state trajectories to evolve within a user-specified prescribed distance from the reference system trajectories, satisfying the safety constraints. This eliminates the ad-hoc tuning process for the adaptation rate that is conventionally required in model reference adaptive control to ensure safety. The efficacy of the proposed control architecture is also demonstrated through an illustrative numerical example. |
5,578 | Please write an abstract with title: CMOS Reliability From Past to Future: A Survey of Requirements, Trends, and Prediction Methods, and key words: Reliability, Integrated circuits, Integrated circuit reliability, Market research, Fabrication, Materials reliability, Degradation. Abstract: Developments in IC fabrication, emerging high-reliability markets, and government regulations indicate potential for significant shifts in how reliability fits within IC development and product life-cycles. This survey takes a comprehensive look at trends in IC reliability and investigates the methods used to predict failures. A background overview of recent and expected advances in IC fabrication is provided, along with reliability requirements for different markets and review of key aging mechanisms affecting modern ICs. The survey of reliability trends captures the body of research examining degradation across process nodes, changes in transistor architecture, and changes to device materials. High-level analysis of conclusions reveals significant uncertainty with regards to many changes and a diverse range of topics warranting further research. A critical look at current reliability prediction methods used to characterize product reliability is followed by a survey of research developing novel prediction methods to enhance and improve on existing techniques. These topics come together to illustrate the state of IC reliability characterization and potential paths to overcome upcoming challenges. |
5,579 | Please write an abstract with title: Some properties of local partial clones on an infinite set, and key words: Cloning, Interpolation, Lattices, Extrapolation, Logic functions. Abstract: We investigate the interpolation and extrapolation properties of partial clones of infinite-valued logic functions. A maximal local partial clone on an infinite set E is characterized by conditions on its intersections with the full partial clone on every finite subset A/spl sub/E, 2/spl les//A /</spl infin/. Next, the criterion is given for a finite domain partial operation of a local partial clone to be extendable to the everywhere defined operation from the same clone. A similar criterion is also given for a local partial clone to be extendable. Finally, extendibility conditions for partial orders are obtained so that the clones of their partial n-endomorphisms become extendable. |
5,580 | Please write an abstract with title: Systematic and Random Errors in the Net Power Measurement Using a Reflectometer, and key words: Calibration, Indexes, Couplers. Abstract: Net power delivered to a device is one of the important quantities to obtain various free field parameters in the radio frequency band, such as electric field strength, and a reflectometer is one practical choice for the real-time net power measurement. In carrying out the net power measurement, a pair of reflectometer calibration coefficients obtained by assuming the coupler idealities is used to estimate the forward and reverse traveling powers at the test port. In this article, the systematic and random errors of the measured net power by using the reflectometer are thoroughly discussed in terms of the terminal condition at the test port. In addition, useful parameters to evaluate the quality of the dual-directional coupler as a component of the reflectometer are proposed. |
5,581 | Please write an abstract with title: THz Frequency Tripler Based on Planar Schottky Diode, and key words: Schottky diodes, Microwave integrated circuits, Millimeter wave technology, Electromagnetic modeling, Microwave circuits, Microwave FET integrated circuits, Power generation. Abstract: In this paper, a 220GHz frequency multiplier is designed based on a pair of planar Schottky diodes. We established a three-dimensional electromagnetic model , designed and simulated the tripler through the combination of field and circuit.The frequency doubling efficiency is greater than 3% in the 200-225GHz frequency band, and the output power is greater than 10mW in the 208-225GHz frequency band. |
5,582 | Please write an abstract with title: Securing Fine-Grained Data Sharing and Erasure in Outsourced Storage Systems, and key words: Cryptography, Encryption, Security, Access control, General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation, Intserv networks. Abstract: The wide use of internet-connected services makes massive personal data collected by service providers without the need of our consent. Although the archived data may enable them to provide better service experiences for users, it also presents serious risks to individual privacy, especially when active or unexpected data breaches have become commonplace. To mitigate this issue, several acts and regulations (e.g., the European Union general data protection regulation) have been issued and specified a lot of security requirements for personal data management. Among these various requirements, we mainly focus on the requirement of giving back the access control of personal data to data owners themselves and the right to be forgotten for data erasure. In this article, we provide a cryptographic solution of achieving these two requirements in the setting of outsourced storage. Specifically, we introduce a personal data management framework built upon a novel cryptographic primitive dubbed as forward-secure attribute-based puncturable encryption (FS-DABPE). This primitive simultaneously features of system-wide forward secrecy and practical key management as well as fine-grained access control of the encrypted personal data. Consequently, by locally puncturing, updating and erasing system-wide secret keys, it securely realizes fine-grained personal data sharing and data erasure without interactions. Furthermore, to instantiate the proposed framework, we present a concrete FS-DABPE construction, and prove its security under a well-studied complexity assumption. In addition, we provide a prototype implementation of the concrete construction, and present extensive experimental results that illustrate its feasibility and practicability. |
5,583 | Please write an abstract with title: Equivalent MIMO Channel Matrix Sparcification for Enhancement of Sensor Capabilities, and key words: Detectors, Markov processes, Mobile communication, Energy efficiency, Complexity theory, Sparse matrices, Channel models. Abstract: One of the directions of development of new generations of mobile communications is the use of MIMO channels with a large number of antennas. This requires the development and use of new approaches to signal detection in such channels, since the difference in both energy efficiency and complexity between the optimal maximum likelihood algorithm and simpler linear algorithms becomes very large. The goal of the paper is development of a method for transforming a MIMO channel model into a channel with a sparse matrix with a limited number of nonzero elements in a row or representing a MIMO channel signal in the form of a Markov process for using simple iterative MIMO demodulation algorithms (MPA, Turbo, etc.). |
5,584 | Please write an abstract with title: Approaches to Modeling Blood Glucose Dynamics In Type 1 Diabetic Patients for Insulin Pump Automation, and key words: Production, Predictive models, Mathematical models, Regulation, Glucose, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Diabetes. Abstract: With subcutaneous pump insulin therapy, due to the high delay in insulin action, it is necessary to predict the glucose dynamics. Model predictive control requires the development of sufficiently accurate mathematical models of blood glucose dynamics. The work considers the existing empirical, neural network-based, physiological-inspired and combined approaches to glucose modeling. We consider in detail the model used in the T1DMS simulator, which is a stiff system of nonlinear differential equations that includes a number of empirical dependencies. It describes the absorption of glucose during food intake, the dynamics of insulin and glucagon, the processes of utilization and general endogenous production of glucose. The paper proposes an approach to the description of glucose regulation processes, which consists in mapping the enzymes involved in catalysis and inhibition of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, formation and degradation of glycogen, as well as in the application of the Michaelis-Menten equations for their description. |
5,585 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic establishment of restorable connections using p-cycle protection in WDM networks, and key words: Protection, Intelligent networks, WDM networks, Computer networks, Computer science, Computational modeling, Circuit simulation, Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical fiber networks, Next generation networking. Abstract: Dynamic establishment of restorable connections in WDM networks is an important problem that has received much study. Existing algorithms use either path-based method or link-based method to protect a dynamic connection; the former suffers slow restoration speed while the latter requires complicated online backup path computation. In this paper, we propose a new dynamic restorable connection establishment scheme using p-cycle protection. For a given connection request our scheme first computes a working path and then computes a set of p-cycles to protect the links on the working path so that the connection can survive any single link failure. The key advantage of the proposed scheme over the link-based method is that it enables faster failure recovery while requiring much simpler online computation during connection provision. Our scheme consists of three components: offline computation of primary p-cycles, online computation of the working path, and online computation of p-cycles for working path protection. We adopted two existing algorithms, called SLA and Grow, for the first component and proposed two algorithms, called PS and PNS, for the second component. Simulation study shows that Grow combined with PNS gives the best performance in terms of the total capacity consumed for a given set of demands. |
5,586 | Please write an abstract with title: High-stable 3-cm generators, and key words: Helium, Frequency, Informatics, Microwave theory and techniques, Microwave generation, Organizing, IEEE catalog, Tellurium, Microwave devices, Character generation. Abstract: This paper presents a high stability generator in the 8.05-12.15 GHz frequency range. It outlines the generator's functioning principles and experimental results. This sweeping generator (SG) is based on a scheme which includes the best features from two schemes: direct generation and frequency multiplication. The generator has a simple scheme, high long and short term stability, and good frequency set-on accuracy. |
5,587 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Foreground-Background Segmentation from Improved Layered GANs, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Image segmentation, Computer vision, Generative adversarial networks, Noise measurement, Task analysis. Abstract: Deep learning approaches heavily rely on high-quality human supervision which is nonetheless expensive, time-consuming, and error-prone, especially for image segmentation task. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically synthesize paired photo-realistic images and segmentation masks for the use of training a foreground-background segmentation network. In particular, we learn a generative adversarial network that decomposes an image into foreground and background layers, and avoid trivial decompositions by maximizing mutual information between generated images and latent variables. The improved layered GANs can synthesize higher quality datasets from which segmentation networks of higher performance can be learned. Moreover, the segmentation networks are employed to stabilize the training of layered GANs in return, which are further alternately trained with Layered GANs. Experiments on a variety of single-object datasets show that our method achieves competitive generation quality and segmentation performance compared to related methods. |
5,588 | Please write an abstract with title: The Impact of Voltage Sag Depth and Duration on SVG Equipment, and key words: Performance evaluation, Reactive power, Analytical models, Control design, Power quality, Bifurcation, Circuit faults. Abstract: As an active three-phase unbalanced load compensation device, the static var generator (SVG) can control the magnitude, amplitude and phase of the AC-side voltage, thus achieving flexible control of reactive power and compensation of voltage sag, but its application results will be affected by the grid parameters. Recent studies often do not quantitatively analyze the impact of fault depth and fault duration on the device management result in the case of voltage sag. In this paper, the working principle of SVG equipment is analyzed, and the modeling analysis and control design of three-phase SVG devices are carried out; the mechanism of voltage sag acting in the main and control circuits is analyzed, the main causes leading to equipment instability are quantitatively analyzed, and the different effects of different depths and duration of voltage sags on SVG equipment are analyzed. Finally, the conclusion is verified by simulation. |
5,589 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring the Evolutionary Characteristics of Project Management Approaches at Different Levels of Operations, and key words: Computer science, Conferences, Project management, Companies, Data engineering, Software, Stakeholders. Abstract: Project management sets the foundation of software development and is considered a critical area as it has a direct relationship with project success. In recent years, project management has rapidly evolved into a more structured and sophisticated methodology which is vital not only to meet the growing stakeholder expectations and technology improvements but also a mandatory requirement for the software development companies to achieve competitive advantage and maintain business survival. Software project management approaches have evolved from traditional to agile to global with a shift in their inherent characteristics at different levels of operations and this shift poses a challenge for companies in choosing the appropriate approach based on their project needs. Current literature lacks attention in understanding the evolutionary characteristics of the varying project management approaches at the different operational levels. This study investigates the project management approaches at the individual, project, team and company levels to examine how these approaches vary in terms of characteristics in traditional, agile, and global software development contexts. Improved understanding of the evolution of project management approaches and their underlying characteristics will enable project management professionals and software developers to make appropriate decisions to achieve project success. |
5,590 | Please write an abstract with title: Pocket Panorama: 3D GIS on a handheld device, and key words: Geographic Information Systems, Handheld computers, Data visualization, Terrain mapping, Network servers, Web server, Three dimensional displays, Global Positioning System, Protocols, Photography. Abstract: Pocket Panorama, an original client-server application, provides mapping data and 3D terrain visualizations to a handheld pocket PC. The pocket PC acts as a client to a server PC, which contains all data and performs all display manipulations. The terrain visualization displayed on the client uses the GPS positions transmitted by the pocket PC. All exchanges use the HTTP protocol and remain independent of the network connection used. Within the United States, a networked pocket PC can automatically obtain high resolution maps or aerial photography around its position with a single click of the stylus from the Terraserver Web site. |
5,591 | Please write an abstract with title: Experiential Learning for High School Students Using a Solar Powered Artifact: Engineering Outreach, and key words: Electrical engineering, Technical requirements, Renewable energy sources, Philosophical considerations, Education, Digital signal processing, Automobiles. Abstract: The drive to develop an interest in engineering in high school learners is critical to society. We identified the need for a memorable educational artifact to initiate and sustain an interest in electrical engineering. Our developed artifact is aimed at increasing the educational impact of outreach initiatives to encourage high school learners to study engineering. As a result, learners are exposed to interactive technologies and fundamentals of electrical engineering at a pre-university level. In this paper, we present an active and interactive educational autonomous/remote controlled solar car. The design is based on the ‘sense, think and act’ philosophy. The device incorporates digital signal processing, control, power, communication, and robotics. The first field test in the form of an educational outreach demonstrated that learners engaged positively with the car and had a keen interest in electrical engineering applications. The implications of this study are that the solar car proved to be an effective educational outreach tool for engineering, and that it met the project's technical requirements. |
5,592 | Please write an abstract with title: Alternative design approaches for monolithic GaAs ICs, and key words: Gallium arsenide, Costs, Production, Monolithic integrated circuits, Phase shifters, FETs, Substrates, Frequency, Hybrid integrated circuits, Integrated circuit noise. Abstract: GaAs diodes and FETs have penetrated into applications, ranging from dc to light. However, monolithic GaAs ICs, consisting of diodes, FETs and passive elements, have not as yet proved to be cost effective replacements for their hybrid counterparts. The panel will appraise the technological and economic reasons for this condition and project likely future trends. |
5,593 | Please write an abstract with title: Er/sub 2/O/sub 3/-ZrO/sub 2/ insulation coatings on Ag/AgMg sheathed Bi-2212 superconducting tapes by sol-gel process, and key words: Erbium, Superconducting films, X-ray scattering, Cable insulation, Wires, Dip coating, High temperature superconductors, Superconducting coils, Bismuth, Strontium. Abstract: We have fabricated high temperature insulation coatings on long-length superconducting tapes and wires using a reel-to-reel sol-gel dip coating system for HTS/LTS coils at NHMFL. In this work, 8 mol% Er/sub 2/O/sub 3/-ZrO/sub 2/ coatings were deposited on Ag or AgMg sheathed Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 1/Cu/sub 2/O/sub x/ (Bi-2212) superconducting tapes. The insulation solution was prepared with Zr and Er based organometallic compounds. The gel layers were transformed to amorphous layers at about 300/spl deg/C for 30 sec. in air. The ceramic oxide coatings were subsequently formed at 600/spl deg/C for 60 sec. in air. The coatings on Ag/AgMg sheathed Bi-2212 tapes were finally densified by annealing at 862/spl deg/C for 12 h under oxygen gas flow. These coatings were characterized by means of ESEM, DTA, and XRD. Dielectric constant, breakdown voltage and resistance values of the coatings were measured using a standard multimeter and power supply. ESEM revealed that surface morphology of the coatings is mosaic structure. XRD and DTA studies show that cubic phases formed at between 450/spl deg/C and 600/spl deg/C. Dielectric constant, high voltage breakdown and resistance values of the insulations were found to be 20, 1096 V at 1.5 mA and 14 M-Ohms, respectively. |
5,594 | Please write an abstract with title: IHF: Industrial High Frequency Operation Queue Discovery Algorithm, and key words: Databases, Law, Task analysis, Data mining, Internet. Abstract: When using traditional PrefixSpan algorithm to complete industrial Internet high-frequency operation sequence mining tasks, there are problems such as low efficiency and disordered output results. Based on the PrefixSpan algorithm, we propose an IHF algorithm (Industrial High Frequency operation queue discovery algorithm) suitable for mining high-frequency operation sequences of the Industrial Internet. The algorithm reduces the scanning operation of the database by measuring the sequence length in the system, and reduces the generation of candidate sequences by constraining the sequence projection. The accuracy and performance of the IMF algorithm are verified through experiments. |
5,595 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiobjective Optimization of the Integrated Grounding System for High-Speed Trains by Balancing Train Body Current and Overvoltage, and key words: Grounding, Voltage control, Rails, Wheels, Couplings, Transient analysis, Traction motors. Abstract: As a unique exit point for power supply systems of high-speed trains, the onboard grounding system plays a critical role in providing the path for returning the traction current to traction substations. The grounding system applies two grounding modes: the working grounding and the protective grounding, both of which share the power discharging channel, the steel rail. Current reflux normally appears between the working grounding point and the protective grounding point due to the wheel-rail coupling effect. The “train–rail” current reflux may result in the appearance of a “train body” (TB) current, which may cause the onboard partial temperature surging. Moreover, some operational conditions, such as raising pantographs or operating vacuum circuit breakers, may trigger TB overvoltage, which may threaten the safety of the onboard devices. In this article, a “rail–train” coupling grounding model is built to evaluate both the TB current and overvoltage based on the measured parameters. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is adopted to optimize this model with the aim to achieve a satisfactory balance between the TB current and overvoltage. The main difficulties of this multivariable multiobjective task include that many grounding parameters are involved meanwhile restricting both TB current and overvoltage. Ultimately, optimal solutions are achieved, considering design demand. |
5,596 | Please write an abstract with title: An efficient optimization method of RF passive components using RBF model, and key words: Radio frequency, Inductance, Design automation, Input variables, Layout, Optimization methods, Transformers. Abstract: There is a growing interest in the synthesis of radio-frequency (RF) passive elements in electronic design automation communities. In this paper, we propose an efficient optimization method of RF passive components. We first build models for performances extracted from S parameters of passive components by Radial Basis Function (RBF) to ensure the accuracy and the geometric parameters of passive components are incorporated as input variables. Then Pcell is used to generate the layout of inductors or transformers in 65nm process. Finally, the model is optimized by differential evolution algorithm to obtain solutions meeting constraints. Experimental results imply that our proposed method can achieve a target inductance with up to 0.76% relative error of inductance when compared to EM simulations for inductors and up to 0.87% relative error of inductance for transformers. |
5,597 | Please write an abstract with title: Developing a prototype virtual laboratory for distance science and engineering education, and key words: Virtual prototyping, Laboratories, Engineering education, Educational programs, Design engineering, Distance learning, Displays, Digital cameras, Real time systems, Remote monitoring. Abstract: Institutions of higher education are actively seeking new methods to complement their science and engineering distance education programs with online experimentation. This paper describes the design and development of a virtual laboratory environment that allows students to perform laboratory experiments from remote locations through a Web browser. A front panel in LabVIEW displays the results and allows storage of acquired data for later processing. A digital camera that provides real time pictures of the monitored equipment is part of the system configuration. |
5,598 | Please write an abstract with title: An application of nonlinear smoothing to submarine exercise track reconstruction, and key words: Smoothing methods, Underwater vehicles, Sonar navigation, Marine vehicles, Manuals, Position measurement, Dead reckoning, Silicon compounds, Computer errors, Physics. Abstract: The reconstruction of submarine tracks for tactical exercises is formulated in this paper as a nonlinear, discrete-time, fixed interval smoothing problem, and the extended Kalman filter is used to obtain a solution. The operation of the smoothing algorithm is illustrated with the reconstruction of a 5-h exercise run. |
5,599 | Please write an abstract with title: Heterogeneous Large-Scale Group Decision Making Using Fuzzy Cluster Analysis and Its Application to Emergency Response Plan Selection, and key words: Decision making, Fuzzy sets, Linguistics, Programming, Numerical models, Loss measurement, Erbium. Abstract: As the number of people involved in a decision-making problem increases, the complexity of the group decision-making (GDM) process increases accordingly. The size of participants and the heterogeneous information have important effects on the consensus reaching process in GDM. To deal with these two issues, traditional methods divide large groups into smaller ones to reduce the scale of GDM and translate heterogeneous information into a uniform format to handle the heterogeneity problem. These methods face two challenges: 1) how to determine the appropriate group size? and 2) how to avoid or reduce loss of information during the transformation process? To address these two challenges, this article uses fuzzy cluster analysis to integrate heterogeneous information for large-scale GDM problems. First, a large group is divided into smaller ones using fuzzy cluster analysis and the F-statistic is applied to determine the satisfactory number of clusters. The original information is retained based on the similarity degree. Then, a consensus reaching process is conducted within these small groups to form a unified opinion. A feedback mechanism is developed to adjust the small GDM matrix when any group cannot reach a consensus, and the heterogeneous technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) is used to select the best alternative. To validate the proposed approach, an experiment study is conducted using a practical example of selecting the best rescue plan in an emergency situation. The result shows that the proposed approach helps to choose the best rescue plan faster. |
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