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6,200 | Please write an abstract with title: New CAD model for cavity-backed circular microstrip antenna, and key words: Microstrip antennas, Resonant frequency, Impedance, Antenna theory, Senior members, Physics, Electronic mail, Frequency estimation, Patch antennas, Shape. Abstract: In this paper, a new CAD model is proposed to estimate the accurate resonant frequency and input impedance of a cavity backed circular microstrip patch antenna. The computed results are examined for different patch and cavity dimensions and are also verified with experimental results. |
6,201 | Please write an abstract with title: Torque Dynamics Enhancement of Railway Traction Drives Using Scalar Control, and key words: Vibrations, Torque, Regulators, Simulation, Rotors, Drives, Rail transportation. Abstract: Traction systems for railway typically use rotor field-oriented control (RFOC) at low speeds, and scalar control at high speeds to overcome the deterioration of the current regulator performance in the overmodulation region. Well-known limitations of scalar control are the slow dynamic response due to the coupling between torque and flux, as well as the risk of overcurrents. While this is not a problem for normal operation, as fast torque variations are not required, there are specific operating conditions in which fast torque response of scalar control might be required. This would include adhesion control, torsional torque vibration mitigation and torque ripple cancellation for traction systems fed from ac catenaries without a 2F filter in the dc-link. This paper proposes a method to enhance the dynamic response of scalar control. The principles of the proposed method are derived from vector control concepts. While the method could be applied to any electric drive using scalar control, the discussion presented in this paper will be targeted towards high power railway traction drives. |
6,202 | Please write an abstract with title: High speed and high density static induction transistor memory, and key words: Random access memory, FETs, Pulse modulation, DRAM chips, Voltage control, Bipolar transistors, Silicon, Physics, Semiconductor devices, Electrons. Abstract: Describes a high speed and high density dynamic RAM utilizing a static induction transistor (SIT) structure. The main conduction mechanism of an SIT is carrier injection control due to the potential hump at the intrinsic gate, where the potential hump is capacitively controlled by the gate and the drain voltage in a basic operation. The SIT forms a dynamic RAM memory cell if one of the drain and the source regions is set as a floating region directly connected to the storage capacitor. Basic operation of a single SIT memory cell is experimentally demonstrated in this paper. |
6,203 | Please write an abstract with title: Really Embedding Domain-Specific Languages into C++, and key words: C++ languages, DSL, Syntactics, Tensors, Data structures, Task analysis, Linear algebra. Abstract: Domain-specific languages (DSLs) are both pervasive and powerful, but remain difficult to integrate into large projects. As a result, while DSLs can bring distinct advantages in performance, reliability, and maintainability, their use often involves trading off other good software-engineering practices. In this paper, we describe an extension to the Clang C++ compiler to support syntax plugins, and we demonstrate how this mechanism allows making use of DSLs inside of a C++ code base without needing to separate the DSL source code from the surrounding C++ code. |
6,204 | Please write an abstract with title: Review of Integrated Energy System Models for Planning Studies, and key words: Asia, Probabilistic logic, Planning. Abstract: This paper provides a review of integrated energy system(IES) models for planning studies. IES models are summarized into three categories: energy equipment model, energy station model and energy network model. Planning models of IES are summarized into deterministic model and probabilistic model. This paper also points the development direction of IES modeling and planning studies in the future, in order to provide reference for relevant research and project implementation. |
6,205 | Please write an abstract with title: Portable Reaction Time Measurement Device: Prototype Proposal and Validation, and key words: Time measurement, Extremities, Software measurement, Software, Microswitches, Monitoring, Hardware. Abstract: This paper is describing the prototype of a new patent of a Portable Reaction Time Measurement Device whose main assets in comparison to the conventional devices for the similar purposes are the portability, independence on the electrical power source, the absence of the personal computer and the immediate readiness for the usage once the device is turned on. The main contribution of this device is, that it allows to test the actual values of the reaction times at any given time and in any given situation without the necessity of the complicated hardware or software set-ups. It's construction allows to be used in e.g. the pre-flight psycho-physiological assessment's of the pilots directly short before the flight conduction or monitoring the daily fluctuation of the reactions readiness directly in the work environment of the concerned study subjects. The basic electrical scheme and the hardware and software components are presented. Furthermore, there was a successful experiment proposed and conducted to test the technical functionalities. Also the usability validation and comparison has been made with the positive outcomes. |
6,206 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing quality of service in packet switch scheduling, and key words: Switches, Quality of service, Packet switching, Throughput, Scheduling algorithm, Algorithm design and analysis, Delay, Stability, Traffic control, Telecommunication traffic. Abstract: Recently, extensive analytic research into packet scheduling in crossbar switches has yielded interesting throughput maximizing algorithms. Surprisingly, however, quality of service (QoS) performance associated with these algorithms has only been approximated through simulation. We present here certain randomized algorithms with analytic QoS. These are simple to implement and possess closed form expressions for various performance measures. By fine tuning particular parameters of these algorithms, one can vary the QoS associated with the individual ports as desired. This allows cost and utility optimization, a feature which was not feasible under previously studied packet scheduling algorithms. |
6,207 | Please write an abstract with title: Expert System to Manage Parkinson Disease by Identifying Risk Factors: TD-Rules-PD, and key words: Diseases, Merging, Neurons, Production, Computer science, Decision trees, Training. Abstract: Advent of modern means of living and busy schedule, a person generally forget to look after the health and thereby prone to some of severe health disorders. From various researches it is clear that Parkinson Disease (PD) basically occur due to negligence of an individual. It is a disorderliness that affects a small part of the brain that manages the gesture and mental order. The syndrome vary from person. Generally PD is identified from a certain age level but recent studies shown that people of any age group can suffer from PD. Considering the extremity, if there is an system to identify the major factors of PD then it would be of great importance. Thus an expert system named Transparent Decision Rules for Parkinson Disease (TD-Rules-PD) is proposed in this paper which finds out the high risk factor of PD. TD-Rules-PD consist of four phases: Rule Production, Rule selection, Rule pruning and Merging and Identify High Risk Factor. Rule Production stage uses Decision tree to produce rules. Rule selection step choose the most efficient rules, from the so collected rules Rule Pruning and Merging step drops the confusing and insignificant rules and then combines the flittered rule set to a single rule and finally Identify High Risk Factor stage finds out the most prevailing factor of PD. |
6,208 | Please write an abstract with title: Proposed Model of STEM Associated with Social Issues: Case Study on Tapioca Drip Irrigation System, and key words: Irrigation, Pollution, Costs, Education, Mathematical models, Water pumps, Engineering students. Abstract: The model of STEM associated with social issues is presented. Many projects are implemented with science, technology, mathematics, and engineering (STEM) but exclude the impact of long-term sustainability in both social and economic topics. The proposed model of STEM, which includes social matters, should be applied to be S+STEM. A case study of PV water pumps in the tapioca drip irrigation system has been provided to ensure the success of S+STEM. Although the design of irrigation systems requires STEM principles, it should be considered on issues related to society and communities, particularly about the cost and pollution that occur, which is a matter that the community values. |
6,209 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic gain control circuit, and key words: Gain control, Circuits, Power generation, Power amplifiers, Automatic generation control, CMOS technology, Automatic control, Radiofrequency amplifiers, Transmitters, Signal generators. Abstract: This work presents an automatic gain control circuit used to control the output power of an off-chip power amplifier. The automatic gain control circuit controls the output power level of a transmitter and generates a well controlled ramp-up and ramp-down of the transmitted signal. This circuit is implemented in an IBM CMOS RF 0.13/spl mu/m technology. |
6,210 | Please write an abstract with title: SAR Image Classification Using Few-Shot Cross-Domain Transfer Learning, and key words: Synthetic aperture radar, Task analysis, Training, Labeling, Imaging, Radar imaging, Computer vision. Abstract: Data-driven classification algorithms based on deep convolutional neural networks have reached human-level performance for many tasks within Electro-Optical (EO) computer vision. Despite being the prevailing visual sensory data, EO imaging is not effective in applications such as environmental monitoring at extended periods, where data collection at occluded weather is necessary. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an effective imaging tool to circumvent these limitations and collect visual sensory information continually. However, replicating the success of deep learning on SAR domains is not straightforward. This is mainly because training deep networks requires huge labeled datasets and data labeling is a lot more challenging in SAR domains. We develop an algorithm to transfer knowledge from EO domains to SAR domains to eliminate the need for huge labeled data points in the SAR domains. Our idea is to learn a shared domain-invariant embedding for cross-domain knowledge transfer such that the embedding is discriminative for two related EO and SAR tasks, while the latent data distributions for both domains remain similar. As a result, a classifier learned using mostly EO data can generalize well on the related task for the SAR domain. |
6,211 | Please write an abstract with title: Modified Slime Mould Algorithm via Levy Flight, and key words: Optimization, Benchmark testing, Signal processing algorithms, Genetic algorithms, Convergence, Statistics, Standards. Abstract: The slime mould algorithm (SMA) is a recently developed meta-heuristic optimization algorithm which is based on the oscillation mode of slime mould in nature. However, the SMA is often trapped in local optima for global continuous optimization problems. To strengthen SMA's exploration for global optimum, we propose a modified SMA, which takes randomization based on a Levy distribution instead of the traditional uniform one, namely LF-SMA. Our LF-SMA is integrated with Levy-flight guidance to its optimal paths for connecting food with excellent exploratory propensity. Experimental results show that the proposed LF-SMA achieves better performance in 13 benchmark test functions and one investigated engineering case in terms of both computation cost and solution. |
6,212 | Please write an abstract with title: Recent developments in the theory and materials for digital recording, and key words: Digital recording, Digital magnetic recording, Demagnetization, Magnetic materials, Fasteners, Writing, Disk recording, Performance analysis, System performance, Remanence. Abstract: There is ample evidence that further advancement in the state of the art of digital magnetic recording systems hinges to a large extent on the limitations imposed by the writing process, and in particular on the phenomena of recording demagnetization and asymmetric peak shift. To adequately handle these problems one must consider the dynamic interaction of the writing-demagnetization process self-consistently and integrally, instead of treating these processes as independent and unrelated. The evolution of our theoretical understanding of saturation recording is discussed, with particular emphasis on the iterative process which offers the greatest promise for the adequate treatment of the nonlinear writing-demagnetization phenomena. The results of the theoretical analysis are used to predict the desired properties of the recording materials for high bit packing densities, where recording demagnetizing is severely limiting system performance. Besides the well-known criteria of small thickness and relatively low remanence and high coercivity, a very narrow range of switching fields (steep-sided hysteresis loop) is also very desirable. In this regard the recent development of a superior gamma-ferric oxide coating is most exciting. It consists of nondendritic particles which can be well dispersed and aligned resulting in phenomenal orientation ratios, narrow range of switching fields, and superior recording performance. |
6,213 | Please write an abstract with title: Autonomous transaction processing using data dependency in mobile environments, and key words: Mobile computing, Bandwidth, Protocols, Face, Transaction databases, Network servers, Data structures, Boolean functions, Computer science education, Computer security. Abstract: Transaction processing in mobile database systems faces new challenges to accommodate the limitations of mobile environments, such as frequent disconnections and low bandwidth. We propose a transaction processing protocol that increases the autonomy of clients, based on the dependency relation among updated data items. Lists of dependents, sent by the server to the mobile clients along with requested data items, are used by each client to build partial serialization graphs. Utilizing the graphs, mobile clients can autonomously verify serializability of locally executed read-only transactions. This information can also help mobile clients in early detection of the necessity to abort update transactions. Simulations for various data access patterns initiated by mobile clients provide insights on performance of the proposed protocol. Performance is heavily dependent on the depth of the dependency information for each data item. |
6,214 | Please write an abstract with title: Middleware for a global maintenance platform, and key words: Middleware, Software systems, Application software, Coordinate measuring machines, Independent component analysis, Machinery production industries, Humans, Finance, Educational products, Globalization. Abstract: This article introduces principles of a communication middleware for a distributed software system. The main goal of that middleware is to integrate legacy applications, which are spread on different sites. The main design criteria of that middleware was to provide solutions for plant and machinery maintenance workflows. This paper is based on the results and actual activities of the project PROTEUS sponsored by the French Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany under the label of European Commission Initiative ITEA. |
6,215 | Please write an abstract with title: Pre‐6G Technology and System Evolution, and key words: Base stations, Communication networks, Urban areas, Transceivers, Switches, Standards, Mobile handsets. Abstract: This chapter provides an in‐depth study of the previous generations from the technological perspective. It helps the readers to understand the overall architecture of the representative cellular system for each generation, including major network elements, functionality split, interconnection, interaction, and operational flows. The Advanced Mobile Phone System adopted the frequency‐division multiple access technique to divide the whole spectrum into a set of orthogonal frequency channels with a bandwidth of 30 kHz. From 1982 to 1985, discussions were held in the Groupe Special Mobile group to select between an analog and a digital system. Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) only defined the air‐interface part, therefore also named as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access. In contrast to the CDMA technology employed in the 3G system, Long‐Term Evolution adopted a more efficient multiple‐access technique called Orthogonal Frequency‐Division Multiplexing, which affected not only the design of air interface but also the networking structure. |
6,216 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of sPP Content on Dielectric Relaxation and Trap Level Characteristics of PP blend insulation, and key words: Resistance, Polarization, Spectroscopy, Temperature, Dielectrics, Polymers, Electric fields. Abstract: Polypropylene (PP) is regarded as a recyclable alternative to XLPE for cable insulation on account of its higher heat resistance and higher electrical resistivity. The dielectric relaxation and trap level characteristics of isotactic PP (iPP), syndiotactic PP (sPP) as well as atactic PP (aPP) blends are investigated. The associations between polymer polarization response and traps level characteristics of PP blends are discussed. Frequency-domain dielectric spectroscopy (FDS) methods are used to analyze the polarization response of five PP blends at 50, 70 and 90 0C. Isothermal surface potential decay (ISPD) tests are performed to acquire the traps level distribution and the influences of traps level characteristics on the dielectric response are discussed. The polymer polarization behaviours a and $\delta$ of five samples is closely related to segmental movements and carriers hopping behaviours, separately. The intensity of a relaxation strength ($\Delta\varepsilon_{a}$) declines with the increase of sPP content, because the related coefficient (g) between PP molecular chains is reduced. The calculated energy $E_{\tau}$ for $\delta$ process is in proportion to the shallow traps level, because the shallow traps with a higher level increase the potential barriers of carriers hopping behaviors. The increase in temperature causes the dipole to undergo intense Brownian motion in the electric field, resulting in a decrease in $\Delta\varepsilon_{a}$ with increasing temperature. The thermal motion of the charge increases the mobility of carriers in the PP and causes $\Delta\varepsilon_{\delta}$ to increasewith increasingtemperature. |
6,217 | Please write an abstract with title: Response of Arctic Methane hydrate to the rise in bottom water temperature and relative sea-level over past 11000 years, and key words: Methane, Drilling, Predictive models, Stability analysis, Numerical models, Sediments, Sea level. Abstract: The fate of the methane hydrate at the feather edge of hydrate stability on the upper continental slope is governed by bottom water temperature (BWT) and relative sea-level (RSL) change. Off west Svalbard, methane seeps were discovered at the edge of hydrate stability and linked with the last 30 years of warming-induced hydrate dissociation due to the influence of Atlantic water. Hydrate dissociation off west Svalbard was first geochemically confirmed through the MeBo drilling experiment. Pore water samples collected during the MeBo drilling experiment at a water depth of 391 m from sediments showed a decline in chloride concentration at 15–22 m below the seabed, indicating freshening caused by hydrate dissociation. However, a new hypothesis proposed the role of RSL fall over the past 8000 years, triggering the hydrate dissociation instead of the recent 30 years’ BWT rise. This model considered the RSL change scenario based on the University of Tromsoe (UiT) ice load history and Earth rheology model. However, the RSL predicted from the UiT model does not match the values based on geological observations at Prins Karl Forland. We checked other glacial isostatic adjustments (GIA) scenarios and found that the ICE-6G_C model shows a better fit to the observed values. Using the ICE-6G_C scenario, we predicted the far-field RSL values on the upper continental slope by calculating the difference between eustatic sea level and seabed elevation. The UiT model predicts a decline in RSL, while the ICE-6G_C model predicts a rise over the past 8000 years. For analyzing the response of the hydrate layer, we forced the model with the ICE-6G_C derived RSL values and the reconstructed BWT over the past 11000 years. The numerical simulation considers the multiphase fluid and heat flow coupled with hydrate formation and dissociation. Modeling shows that although long-term RSL rise stabilizes the hydrates, the sharp increase in BWT causes hydrate destabilization, pore water freshening, and a negative chloride anomaly that matched observations. We propose that RSL fluctuations do not exclusively control hydrate dynamics, and ocean warming plays a critical role |
6,218 | Please write an abstract with title: Chiller Pump Control using Temperature Sensor Feedback, and key words: Temperature sensors, Cooling, Conferences, Stability analysis, Main-secondary, Robustness, Topology. Abstract: In commercial chilled water systems, one of the most prevalent system topology is the Primary/Secondary topology. In this topology, the primary and secondary circuits of the hydronic cooling system are hydraulically decoupled by a common pipe also referred to as the bypass. This allows the primary circuit to ensure minimum chiller flow without interfering with the secondary side. To maximize heat transfer and achieve optimal performance, the flow in the primary and secondary systems must equalize and thus leave no flow in the bypass line when the minimum chiller flow requirement is fulfilled. To achieve this goal in a robust and responsive manner a simple and cost-effective feedback method is proposed, where 3 temperature sensors constitute the control feedback for the primary pump control. Closed-loop stability is proven and automatic sensor calibration is proposed. The method is verified through lab test on a setup emulating by-pass of the Primary/Secondary topology. |
6,219 | Please write an abstract with title: A view of public and private sectors for Taiwan's BOT transportation project financing using fuzzy multi-criteria methods, and key words: Government, Privatization, Risk analysis, Costs, Uncertainty, Road transportation, Business, Companies, Rail transportation, Airports. Abstract: This research discusses financial criteria of BOT projects from government and private sectors. Private sectors are including the studies, sponsor companies and contractors, lenders and investors. Depending on the size and complexity of the BOT transportation projects in Taiwan, the financial phases of projects are divided into six segments for discussion. They are "lifetime phase", "development phase", "contract specified phase", "construction phase", "operation phase", and "transfer phase". In order to solve the difficulty of discussing criteria theoretically and uncertainty of decision environment, this research suggests two stages of selection procedure. (1) Selecting criteria: this part employing the extent of expertise by expert and then using "fuzzy Delphi method via fuzzy integration" to select 22 important criteria from experts. (2) Estimating weight of segments and criteria: this part development "fuzzy analytic hierarchy process" to handle the uncertainty of decision environment, calculating the relative importance between segments and criteria under segments. The results appear that the government and private sectors emphasized weight of segments and criteria respectively. These are helpful to understand the different concepts from the view of the public and private sectors. |
6,220 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Generation of Super Mario Levels via Graph Grammars, and key words: Grammar, Games, Artificial intelligence, Tools, Task analysis, Sprites (computer), Connectors. Abstract: Automatically generating game levels using Procedural Content Generation (PCG) is a challenging problem because of the necessity of attending both functional and nonfunctional requirements. In the particular example of level generation for Super Mario, Machine Learning approaches, such as GANs and Reinforcement Learning, have shown promise. However, these black-box approaches usually are not explainable, and thus difficult to integrate with human designers. We propose a different level-generation system that uses a reachable graph structure, automatic detection of level structures, and formal graph grammars. A human designer can also easily add or remove structures to use the system as a level co-creation tool. An experimental analysis shows that the proposed system can generate playable and visually pleasing levels, while revealing some limitations of current approaches on platformer level generation, such as the generation of backtracking segments. |
6,221 | Please write an abstract with title: Cryptanalysis of Novel Image Encryption Scheme Based on Multiple Chaotic Substitution Boxes, and key words: Encryption, Ciphers, Standards, Chaotic communication, Matrices, Trajectory. Abstract: In current years many chaos-based Substitution boxes (S-boxes) have been proposed. Recently, an image encryption technique based on multiple chaotic S-box was offered. This encryption method was based on the concept of confusion only produced by the implementation of the S-box. The concept of confusion utilized in the understudy technique can be smashed by using just one chosen-plaintext attack and a chosen-ciphertext attack. This article presents a detailed structure of two types of cryptographic attacks on the diffusion-based encryption scheme. The proposed attacks are successfully performed to retrieve the key with very little execution time by using just one chosen image which indicates the vulnerability of multiple chaotic S-boxes-based cryptosystems. The retrieved data is passed through some statistical analysis such as correlation, histogram, and entropy to check the correctness of recovered data. |
6,222 | Please write an abstract with title: Electric Vehicle Lithium-ion Battery Ageing Analysis under Dynamic Condition: A Machine Learning Approach, and key words: Batteries, Estimation, Lithium-ion batteries, Support vector machines, State of charge, Aging, Resistance. Abstract: Currently, the smart cities, smart vehicles, and smart gadgets will improve the way of living standard. Cloud connectivity of IoT sensed devices will capture real-time data in the cloud which helps to improve the system performance and quick response to queries. Electric Vehicle battery health diagnosis plays an important role in the proper functioning of the battery management system, guarantees safety, and warranty claim. Society 5.0 develops with the advancement in the road, infrastructure, better connectivity, transportation, and options available to purchase. Battery health cannot be measured directly. There are internal and external factors that affect battery health such as State of Charge, model parameters, charging/discharging method, temperature, Depth of Discharge, C-rate, battery chemistry, form factor, thermal management, and load change effect. Battery degrades due to both calendar ageing and cyclic ageing. Artificial Intelligence plays a significant role in Battery management system due to the nonlinear behavior of lithium-ion battery. Prediction of battery health accurately and in due time will reduce the risk of recklessness. Timely maintenance will reduce the risk of fatal accidents. This paper presents different batteries analysis under different discharge voltage and capacity conditions. Different machine learning algorithms such as Neural Network, Modified Support Vector Machine (M-SVM) and Linear Regression are used to predict state of health. The proposed M-SVM performs well with less error for all four-battery discharge data. |
6,223 | Please write an abstract with title: Ranking Authors in Citation Networks with Automated Keyword Extraction using Word Embeddings, and key words: Measurement, Knowledge engineering, Computers, Technological innovation, Semantics, Clustering algorithms, Data mining. Abstract: The main objective of this present article is to propose an efficient way to evaluate and rank the researchers and academic authors by using citation network dataset. To rank the authors in the citation network to predict the prominent authors in the research domain for making ease for authors for identifying the predominant authors in their area of research work. Popular independent metrics like h-index, number of citations, and so on is not very reliable when it comes to ranking authors. Author come up with a new method called Citation enhanced Ranking of Authors (CeRA) to rank authors. The proposed approach CeRA approach utilizes content-related similarity between abstracts that extract the keywords by using the word2vec model. K-means clustering algorithm is applied to extract authors clusters based on domains. Finally, specific authors rank is retrieved using the page rank of the author's node in a cluster. |
6,224 | Please write an abstract with title: Distortions Imposed by Ionospheric Faraday Rotation Dispersion in Low-Frequency Full-Polarimetric SAR Images, and key words: Dispersion, Synthetic aperture radar, Scattering, Distortion, Faraday effect, Spaceborne radar, Imaging. Abstract: Spaceborne polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (Pol-SAR) systems operating at low frequencies, such as P-band, are significantly influenced by ionospheric Faraday rotation (FR). A novel theoretical model of the effect of FR dispersion on Pol-SAR images is proposed. Three components of the range compression response are derived with the main function accompanied by two accessories. Simulation results indicate that two accessory functions in existence of FR dispersion can be comparable with the main for P-band ultrawideband systems. It can not only lead to range imaging deteriorations but also bring about extra polarimetric distortions. Finally, an airborne P-band Pol-SAR real scene is used for validation. |
6,225 | Please write an abstract with title: Soft-Jig-Driven Assembly Operations, and key words: Robotic assembly, Shape, Fixtures, Metals, Glass, Soft robotics, Usability. Abstract: To design a general-purpose assembly robot system that can handle objects of various shapes, we propose a soft jig that fits to the shapes of assembly parts. The functionality of the soft jig is based on a jamming gripper developed in the field of soft robotics. The soft jig has a bag covered with a malleable silicone membrane, which has high friction, elongation, and contraction rates for keeping parts fixed. The bag is filled with glass beads to achieve a jamming transition. We propose a method to configure parts-fixing on the soft jig based on contact relations, reachable directions, and the center of gravity of the parts that are fixed on the jig. The usability of the soft jig was evaluated in terms of the fixing performance and versatility for various shapes and postures of parts. |
6,226 | Please write an abstract with title: An augmented Petri net for modeling and control of assembly tasks with uncertainties, and key words: Uncertainty, Robotic assembly, Force sensors, Orbital robotics, Robot sensing systems, Mechanical engineering, Costs, Assembly systems, Manipulators, Error correction. Abstract: Uncertainties are inevitable in robotic assembly in unstructured environment since it is difficult to construct fixtures to guide motions of robots. This study proposes an augmented Petri net to model and control assembly tasks in unstructured environment. Conditions and costs of state changes can be simply computed from the output functions of the Petri net model. An algorithm is also proposed to adapt the model on-line. The model constructed by the algorithm is more compact and efficient than an off-line model since its states and events are dynamically modified on-line. The proposed method is evaluated by experiments with L-type peg-in-hole assembly using a two-arm robot system. |
6,227 | Please write an abstract with title: Response of tilted-coil antennas in multicylindrically layered media, and key words: Nonhomogeneous media, Transmitters, Receiving antennas, Transmitting antennas, Drilling, Finite difference methods, Time domain analysis, Differential equations, Fresnel reflection, Laboratories. Abstract: We analyze the response of tilted-coil antennas in multicylindrically layered media. The loop antennas have fixed radial size of 4.5 [in]. Both the axial and azimuthal angles of the antennas can be changed. The transmitter antenna is placed at the position z=0 [in]. The first and second receiver antennas are placed at the position z=30 and 24 [in], respectively. The operating frequency is 2MHz. We study the response of this tool in multilayered formations. Both a pseudo-analytical formulation extended to multicylindrically layered medium, and a full numerical formulation based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), are used to analyze this problem and for cross-validation. The FDTD method here employs a three-dimensional (3D) cylindrical grid to better conform to the logging tool geometry. |
6,228 | Please write an abstract with title: A new approach for automatic grooming of SONET circuits to optical express links, and key words: SONET, Optical fiber networks, Telecommunication traffic, Aggregates, Switches, Demultiplexing, Algorithm design and analysis, Next generation networking, Switching circuits, Network topology. Abstract: We consider meshed optical transport networks having multiple levels of hierarchy whereby cross-connects in different levels perform multiplexing and demultiplexing functions at different granularities. We present a traffic grooming approach that can be implemented in a centralized or distributed fashion, based on the novel design that takes advantage of algorithm efficiency and a simple threshold mechanism to decide when grooming is economical. Our approach allows nodes to perform grooming and degrooming automatically, which is desired in the next-generation optical network where circuits are setup and torn-down dynamically through signaling. We present several experiments using different network topologies. The results indicate that the flow pattern influences the port requirement behavior, and that the flow thickness influences the optimal value of the threshold. |
6,229 | Please write an abstract with title: Combined long-term and short-term access storage for sustainable energy system, and key words: Energy storage, Stochastic processes, Renewable energy resources, Solar radiation, Wind speed, Wind energy, Large scale integration, Fuel cells, Velocity measurement, Solar power generation. Abstract: Although popular renewable energy sources based on solar or wind energy conversion are renewable, environmentally friendly and increasingly competitive in terms of cost, their intermittent availability results in problems. The output of power depends on the given solar radiation or wind speed, and the load following characteristics are poor. Local and wide area storage systems are discussed as a solution. The proposed concept consists of a stochastic source that is coupled via a DC bus with multilevel access storage and a grid interface. The multilevel access storage is a combination of long-term and short-term access storage that allows to compensate for the intermittent availability of power over a wide range of time constants. It is discussed how the coordinated operation of source and multilevel access storage can support the large-scale integration of renewable distributed sources into a sustainable energy system |
6,230 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of micro groove on the tribological properties of PDMS friction pairs, and key words: Automation, Friction, Structural engineering, Artificial intelligence, Testing. Abstract: In this study, the effect of the surface micro grooves on friction pairs was investigated. The material of the Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used and two sets of different friction pairs, PDMS-STEEL and PDMS-PDMS, were prepared. The experimental results indicated that the width of the surface groove on the surface of the friction pairs improved the tribological properties. The friction coefficient decreased with the increase in the groove width. The depth effect of the micro groove was related to the pairing conditions. For the PDMS-STEEL friction pairs, the increasing depth of the micro groove deteriorated the friction situation. For the PDMS-PDMS friction pairs, the influence on friction behavior was not obvious. Meanwhile, when the ratio of the width to depth of the micro groove was 0.05, for the PDMS-STEEL friction pairs, the tribological properties were the best. While for the PDMS-PDMS one, the tribological behaviors were improved similarly under both kinds of the ratio values of 0.3 and 0.05. |
6,231 | Please write an abstract with title: Checkers using a co-evolutionary on-line evolutionary algorithm, and key words: Evolutionary computation, Minimax techniques, Artificial neural networks, Humans, Software quality, Engines, Probability. Abstract: The game of checkers has been well studied and many computer players exist. The vast majority of these 'software opponents' use a minimax strategy combined with an evaluation function to expand game tree for a number of moves ahead and estimate the quality of the pending moves. In this paper, an alternative approach is described where an on-line evolutionary algorithm is used to co-evolve move sets for both players in the game, playing the entire length of the game tree for each evaluation, thus avoiding the need for the minimax strategy or an evaluation function. The on-line evolutionary algorithm operates in essence as a 'directed' Monte-Carlo search process and although demonstrated on the game of checkers, could potentially be used to play games with a larger branching factor such as Go. |
6,232 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on data transmission rate of Optical Camera Communication using LEDs for positioning system in buildings, and key words: Current measurement, Buildings, Cameras, Light emitting diodes, Artificial light, Data communication. Abstract: Optical Camera Communication (OCC) delivers data from LEDs to the camera. Artificial lighting, such as LED lights and cameras, are widely available, so OCC will benefit from these current infrastructures. The parameters of the camera that affect the OCC system's data rate will be discussed in this article. In addition, an experimental system for measuring data transmission based on distance and angle is proposed. |
6,233 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantifying Altered Neural Connectivity of the Stretch Reflex in Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke, and key words: Elbow, Perturbation methods, Indexes, Shoulder, Muscles, Integrated circuits, Electromyography. Abstract: Post-stroke flexion synergy limits arm/hand function and is also linked to hyperactive stretch reflexes or spasticity. It is implicated in the increased role of indirect motor pathways following damage to direct corticospinal projections. We hypothesized that this maladaptive neuroplasticity also affects stretch reflexes. Specifically, multi-synaptic interactions in indirect motor pathways may increase nonlinear neural connectivity and time lag between stretch and reflex muscle response. Continuous position perturbations were applied to the elbow joint when eleven participants with stroke generated two levels of shoulder abduction (SABD) torques with their paretic arm to induce synergy-related spasticity. Likewise, the perturbations were applied to eleven control subjects while performing SABD and elbow flexion levels matching the synergy torques in stroke. We quantified linear and non-linear connectivity and the corresponding time lags between perturbations and muscle activity. Enhanced nonlinear connectivity with a prolonged time lag was found in stroke as compared to controls. Non-linear connectivity and time lag also increased with the expression of the flexion synergy, as induced by greater SABD load levels, in stroke. This study provides new evidence of changes in neural connectivity and long-latency time lag in the stretch reflex response post-stroke. The results suggest the contribution of indirect motor pathways to synergy-related spasticity. |
6,234 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis of 5G Radio-Relay Network with Different Nodes, and key words: Wireless communication, 5G mobile communication, Millimeter wave technology, Media, Performance analysis, Security, Relays. Abstract: Over the past 20 years, millimeter bands has been constantly evolving to meet the requirements. In Comparison with current wireless communication standards, like 4G/LTE or Wi-Fi, millimeter wave (mmW) allows the transmission of many subcarriers, based on which it has the following advantages: huge bandwidth, narrow beam, high quality transmission, etc.. In 1996, mmW transmission typically supports 34 Mbps, nowadays the equipment easily supports over 1Gbps in most used bands and over 10 Gbps with E-Band. The paper deals with the stages of analyzing and designing of 5G mmW radio-relay network. |
6,235 | Please write an abstract with title: Equations for Active Networks: Existence of Unique Solutions, and key words: Voltage control, Equalizers, Coaxial cables, Impedance, Nonlinear equations, Coaxial components, Frequency, H infinity control, Skin, Admittance. Abstract: Conditions are presented which are necessary and sufficient to ensure that the element-variable equations for networks of passive elements, independent sources, and dependent sources controlled by admittance currents and voltages have unique solutions. These require that the networks satisfy two types of constraints. The first is a restriction upon the source locations. The second requires that the transmittance relationships between dependent and controlling variables be independent of similar relationships imposed by the network in which the dependent sources are imbedded. These conditions are also necessary and sufficient when voltage sources controlled by open-circuit voltages or current sources controlled by short-circuit currents are considered. The conditions are sufficient but not necessary for networks containing voltage sources controlled by short-circuit currents or current sources controlled by open-circuit voltages. |
6,236 | Please write an abstract with title: Detecting Small Scale Pedestrians and Anthropomorphic Negative Samples Based on Light-Field Imaging, and key words: Cameras, Lenses, Microoptics, Two dimensional displays, Light fields, Proposals. Abstract: Great progress has been made in the field of pedestrian detection, but the following two problems have not yet been well addressed. One problem is the missed detection of small scale pedestrain as false negative failure, and the other one is confusion with anthropomorphic negative samples like vertical structures as false positive failure. In this paper, to tackle the above two problems, we use the light-field camera to capture pedestrian images for the following reasons: (i) the light-field camera can obtain multi-depth refocused images in a single exposure using one sensor, (ii) compared with 2D images, these refocused images can provide different key representations for different parts of the image. We further establish a light-field pedestrian dataset with 1766 images for pedestrian detection. A multi-focus detection network proposed in this work consists of multiple-branch detection models and takes multiple refocused images as inputs. In order to select the appropriate candidate proposal bounding box as final detection results, we design a cumulative probability selection (CPS) layer to combine each refocused image branch and accumulate the probability of each candidate neighboring proposal. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on our light-field pedestrian dataset. |
6,237 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning And Predicting Diabetes Data Sets Using Semi-Supervised Learning, and key words: Diabetes, Tools, Data models, Diseases, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Computational modeling. Abstract: Now these days, many tools have been developed by the researchers to analyze the impact of diabetes disease on common people within a definite period. However, all these tools have predicted the results based on the labeled dataset or smaller dataset. But in a recent environment, we have collected a large amount of data using both online and offline media. Consequently, data are generated from heterogeneous sources, are in unstructured form and voluminous, etc. As a result, it is not possible to use huge data by using traditional prediction algorithms because they work only on the structured dataset. In this paper, we have used the semi-supervised learning approach that works on a partially labeled dataset for predicting diabetes disease. The partial dataset is the combination of a labeled and unlabelled dataset. For prediction, we have considered 80% unlabelled datasets and 20% labeled datasets. We developed a user based interface for the user to build their prediction model using labeled and unlabeled datasets and analyze the data according to their requirements and interest. Our main objective is to develop a diabetes prediction system that can be used by the researcher and the common people using with minimal labelled datasets. |
6,238 | Please write an abstract with title: Hypergraph Convolutional Subspace Clustering With Multihop Aggregation for Hyperspectral Image, and key words: Clustering methods, Hyperspectral imaging, Representation learning, Closed-form solutions, Robustness, Convolution. Abstract: Subspace clustering methods have become a powerful tool to cluster hyperspectral imaging (HSI) data as they ensure theoretical guarantees and empirical success. However, existing methods explore subspace representation in the Euclidean space, and thus, failing to exploit the high-order relationship and long-range interdependences. This article presents a simple yet effective method, to extend subspace clustering into the non-Euclidean domain entitled hypergraph convolutional subspace clustering (HGCSC). Instead of treating HSI as Euclidean data only, we represent all the intraclass relations as hyperedges in a hypergraph. With this representation, we can recast the classic self-expression as a hypergraph convolutional self-representation model. To explore the long-range neighboring relation, we introduce a multihop hypergraph convolution process into the method by collapsing the repeated multiplications into a single matrix. HGCSC adopts the Frobenius norm to ensure a closed-form solution. We assess the performance of HGCSC on five real HSI datasets and show that HGCSC significantly outperforms competitors in terms of clustering accuracy. |
6,239 | Please write an abstract with title: CTLE Adaptation Using Deep Learning in High- speed SerDes Link, and key words: Adaptation models, Integrated circuit modeling, Predictive models, Machine learning, Receivers, Neurons, Biological neural networks. Abstract: To speed up a serial link simulation, it is critical to model the Serializer/Deserializer (SerDes) circuit behavior accurately. In this research, we focus on building a model for high-speed SerDes receiver CTLE adaptation behavior, which has a fast simulation speed and high-precision prediction. The proposed modeling method doesn't need any substantial domain knowledge. Deep neural networks model will be used to mimic the behavior of the CTLE adaptation process in the receiver. The proposed modeling method shows high correlations with the CTLE adaptation codes. |
6,240 | Please write an abstract with title: Loss of structurally stable regulation implies loss of stability, and key words: Stability, Structural engineering, Regulators, Sufficient conditions, Mechanical engineering, Mathematics, Statistics, Linear systems, Upper bound, History. Abstract: Consider the problem of selecting a single compensator capable of regulating any member of a family of linear systems in the presence of a specified exogenous system. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a structurally stable, regulating and stabilizing compensator at a particular plant are well known. We refer to systems for which these conditions fail as critical. Clearly any choice of compensator must fail in at least one respect at a critical point. Either it is not structurally stable, or it does not asymptotically reject the exogenous system, or it does not stabilize the closed-loop system. However, existing theory does not reveal which of these occurs. In fact, we show that a compensator designed to regulate, with structural stability, a specified exogenous system, is necessarily destabilizing at a critical point. As an application of this result we derive an upper bound on structurally stable regulation under unstructured perturbation for any choice of system metric. |
6,241 | Please write an abstract with title: Linking the success in college freshmen and its correlation with high school performance: A case study on Maths skills, and key words: Education, Correlation, Gaussian distribution, Systems engineering and theory, Engineering profession, Standards. Abstract: In this work the academic performance of freshmen students belonging to the engineering programs is investigated. We focus on a university in Lima city. Our research tries to understand if the high school performance in mathematics inside of the context of basic education explains the success in the first year of university studies. The resulting statistics reveal that the better students perform at mathematics in high school, the better will be their academic performance as freshmen in mathematic courses at the university. |
6,242 | Please write an abstract with title: A method for automatic detection of plasma depletions by using GNSS measurements, and key words: Plasmas, Global navigation satellite system, Plasma measurements, Ionosphere, Satellite broadcasting, Detection algorithms, Global Positioning System. Abstract: Enhanced scintillation activities observed at transionospheric radio signals are often correlated with slant total electron content (STEC) depletions in the equatorial ionosphere. In this study, the data derived from high-rate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers were used to analyze the observed STEC depletions, commonly associated with plasma bubbles causing radio scintillations in the equatorial ionosphere. We found that the observed STEC depletion can be described by a wedge-shaped structure. To quantitatively describe the structure of STEC depletions, we developed an effective method to routinely characterize the depth and the width of equatorial plasma depletion in automatized data screening. The developed method has been validated by analyzing data obtained from mostly African GNSS stations in 2014 and 2015. The results confirm current knowledge regarding the seasonal occurrence of radio scintillations and related bubbles. The detection results are compared with those from other published plasma bubble detection techniques. |
6,243 | Please write an abstract with title: A Double Threshold Cooperative GNSS Interference Detection Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic, and key words: Interference, Global navigation satellite system, Detection algorithms, Fuzzy logic, Uncertainty, Monitoring, Receivers. Abstract: In this paper, an interference detection algorithm based on fuzzy logic fusion is proposed for the interference monitoring system (IMS) of the global satellite navigation system (GNSS). In particular, for the problem of reduced detection performance caused by noise fluctuations in a complex electromagnetic environment, the proposed algorithm introduces the idea of fuzzy logic. According to the credibility of local detection results in different regions determined by noise uncertainty, we adopt a two-step cooperative detection mechanism in the fusion center (FC). When a definite detection result is obtained in the first step, the decision is finished. Otherwise, we will execute the decision algorithm based on the fuzzy logic fusion of the second step. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has the best detection performance, compared with the traditional energy detection algorithm and the energy detection algorithm based on soft data. Furthermore, compared with soft data, the system overhead of the proposed algorithm is also reduced without increasing the amount of calculation. |
6,244 | Please write an abstract with title: Phonocardiography and Electrocardiography with a Smartphone, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Education, Stethoscope, Tools, Electrocardiography, Smart devices, Phonocardiography. Abstract: Phonocardiogram, a graphic recording of auscultatory findings of the cardiac sound vibrations, was acquired through an add-on to a stethoscope: a microphone was inserted into the stethoscope tube and connected to a smart device. Phonocardiographic data were synchronised to electrocardiogram, a recording of cardiac electrical activity, that was obtained with a wireless body sensor. Simultaneous phonocardiographic and electrocardiographic data enable a much more detailed understanding of the cardiac function than auscultation of the heart sounds and murmurs with a stethoscope only. Furthermore, the possibility to study phonocardiogram synchronised to electrocardiogram seems a valuable diagnostic tool for the clinician and provides a great teaching material for students. We demonstrate a simple way to construct a device that records simultaneous phonocardiographic and electrocardiographic data, and hence enables a thorough insight into the cardiac electromechanical interactions. Cardiac activity was analysed in 9 volunteers, where timing relations of various electromechanical events were measured. |
6,245 | Please write an abstract with title: Visualization System Suite for Global and Hyperlocal Air Quality Awareness, and key words: Data visualization, Organizations, Air quality, Sensor systems, Real-time systems, Mobile handsets, Sensors. Abstract: When people think of deadly environmental conditions, rarely do they consider air quality. Yet, according to the World Health Organization, poor air quality kills 3 to 5 million people annually. Most existing air quality alerts monitor the Air Quality Index (AQI). This air quality measure is often filled with data that is too complex for even most meteorologists to interpret, meaning that the everyday person (who is impacted the most) has a very limited understanding of it. Developing a new system to monitor and relay air quality alerts to people in a consistent, easily interpretable way, will raise awareness related to heavy air pollution, especially helping those people with breathing disorders. By presenting air quality information to users, they will be aware of pollution around them and can make better decisions to reduce health risks. We collect real-time data to determine the AQI from air quality sensors around the world and create a system suite to display the data in various visualization formats such as monochrome heatmaps, avatars, and augmented reality for mobile devices. People are able to inquire about hyper-accurate air quality alerts and statistics, based on their selected location. This paper describes methods, tools, and results of visualizing air quality in different formats utilizing data that is generated by multiple sensor APIs. User evaluations, which are employed throughout our study to validate user-friendliness, are also illustrated in detail. |
6,246 | Please write an abstract with title: Files Delivery and Share Optimization in LEO Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks: A NOMA Based Coalition Formation Game Approach, and key words: NOMA, Device-to-device communication, Costs, Satellites, Optimization, Low earth orbit satellites, 5G mobile communication. Abstract: Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in satellite communication (SATCOM) system can bring high spectral efficiency and massive connectivity. In this paper, we investigate files delivery and share optimization in LEO satellite-terrestrial integrated networks (STINs). A NOMA based coalition formation game (CFG) approach is proposed for minimizing total cost, in which satellite transfer files to head users in each group via NOMA, and head users utilize device to device (D2D) communications to share files among users. Firstly, head users selection algorithm is proposed to choose each group's head users receiving files from satellite. Precoding vectors and transmit power optimization with imperfect channel state information (CSI) are derived to achieve successful NOMA transmission and files download cost minimization in each group. A graph theory based algorithm is proposed to find the optimal D2D links and minimize files share cost. Then, we formulate a CFG and propose a preference order (Group-Best order) for user grouping. Furthermore, we have proved that the CFG with Group-Best order is an exact potential game (EPG), which can get stable group partition and achieve global optimization, i.e., minimizing total cost. Finally, a best response algorithm for NOMA based CFG (NCFG) is proposed to find stable group partition. Simulation results verify that our proposed approach is better than other approaches. |
6,247 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of thermoelectric aging models to polymeric insulation in cable geometry, and key words: Thermoelectricity, Aging, Solid modeling, Polymers, Cable insulation, Plastic insulation, Geometry, Temperature, Data mining, Communication cables. Abstract: The life expressions of models of insulation aging are functions of temperature and field as well as material parameters. A methodology is presented that allows these models to be applied to a cable geometry in which there is a radial variation of both field and temperature. In this way material parameters can be extracted from cable data. The methodology is illustrated using one such model and the parameters deduced from cable failure distributions are compared with those obtained for thin films. This comparison allows conclusions to be drawn about how the aging process affects specimens of the same material with different volumes |
6,248 | Please write an abstract with title: A Study on High Frequency Sustaining Driver for Improving Luminance Efficiency of AC-PDP, and key words: Frequency, Driver circuits, Cathode ray tubes, Dielectric losses, Plasma displays, Phosphors, Electromagnetic interference, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Switches, Flat panel displays. Abstract: Plasma display panel (PDP) has a serious thermal problem, because the luminance efficiency of the conventional PDP is about 1.5 lm/W and it is less than 3-5 lm/W of cathode ray tube (CRT). Thus there is a need for improving the luminance efficiency of the PDP. There are several approaches to improve the luminance efficiency of the PDP and we adopt the driving PDP at high frequency range from 400 kHz up to over 700 kHz. Since a PDP is regarded as an equivalent inherent capacitance, many types of sustaining drivers have been proposed and widely used to recover the energy stored in the PDP. However, these circuits have some drawbacks for driving PDP at high frequency range. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the parasitic components of PDP itself and driver when the reactive energy of panel is recovered. Various drivers are classified and evaluated whether it is suitable for high frequency driver, and finally current-fed type with DC input voltage biased is proposed. This driver overcomes the effect of parasitic component in panel and driver and fully achieves ZVS of all full-bridge switches and reduces the transition time of the panel polarity. It is tested to validate the high frequency sustaining driver and the experimental results are presented |
6,249 | Please write an abstract with title: Simple quality-of-service path first protocol and modeling analysis, and key words: Quality of service, Routing protocols, Stochastic processes, Computer science, Performance analysis, Web and internet services, Resource management, Bandwidth, Delay, Costs. Abstract: QoS (quality-of-service) control is one of the most important mechanisms in the next-generation Internet, where QoS routing (QoSR) is a promising solution. We propose a multi-constrained intradomain QoS routing protocol SQOSPF. The advantages of this protocol include easy implementation, multi-constrained QoS support, high-speed convergence and multiple QoSR algorithms support. Stochastic Petri net is employed to model SQOSPF and analyze impacts of update threshold and routing holding time upon the load of networks and routers. Extensive simulations show that choosing appropriate update threshold and routing holding time can excessively reduce the extra load and keep routing performance at the same time. |
6,250 | Please write an abstract with title: Virtualization environment for IT labs development and assessment, and key words: Education, Laboratories, Virtual machining, Recording, Virtualization, Open source software. Abstract: In this contribution, the advantages of using a virtualization platform for IT laboratories is demonstrated. The platform used is based on free (open-source) software and present important advantages with respect to previous virtualization solutions since the new platform provides the students with greater control over their virtual machines. In addition, a WWW application has been developed that assists the assessment of the labs done by the student allowing a mostly automatic grading of the labs. |
6,251 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance of inverter with electrical double layer capacitor for vector controlled induction motor drives, and key words: Inverters, Supercapacitors, Induction motor drives, Power supplies, Circuits, Choppers, Batteries, Current supplies, Induction motors, Power generation. Abstract: This paper proposes a direct current (DC) power supply circuit consisted of a battery and an electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC). An inverter-fed induction motor (IM) drive is controlled using the proposed power supply circuit. This power supply circuit can is a power regeneration system consisting of a battery connected to an EDLC through a step-up and down chopper. By switching control of the step-up and down chopper, the chopper can control charge and discharge of the EDLC. Therefore, the EDLC enables us to DC energy with the chopper. When the inverter-fed IM drive generates a power with regenerative braking, the power energy is charged to the EDLC. The EDLC discharges the energy power when the IM is accelerated or load is added to the IM. By controlling the energy of the EDLC suitably, the proposed power supply circuit can reduce the load of battery. The utility of the proposed method is examined through computer simulations and experimental results. |
6,252 | Please write an abstract with title: Time Frequency coding in underwater acoustic communication, and key words: Time frequency analysis, Underwater acoustics, Underwater communication, Communication channels, Interference, Acoustic propagation, Ray tracing, Data communication, Computer simulation, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: Summary form only given. Due to the difficulties encountered in underwater acoustic communication channels, the most prominent of which is considered to be the multipath propagation. This paper proposes to use the Time-Frequency coding for underwater acoustic communication system in which there is serious multipath interference of transmitted signal. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part gives a brief overview of characteristics of UWA communication channels and presents communication channel modeling, which uses ray tracing for determining the multipath structure. The second part is devoted to communication system design, which uses different frequency sequence over different time slot being well known as two-dimensional coding. Finally, the third part summarizes the conclusions. The system based on this principle has good performance against multipath interference and can obtain a high data transmission rate. The computer simulation shows that successful signal transmission of 25 bit/s date rate, over 5 km distance and at 0 dB signal to noise ratio, can be achieved, the error coding probability is very low. |
6,253 | Please write an abstract with title: Does Banking Performance Matter for Indonesian Economic Growth?, and key words: Economics, Industries, Banking, Production, Error correction, Resource management, Indexes. Abstract: This study examines the contribution of commercial banking performance to Indonesia’s economic growth in the period from January 2010 to December 2019. In particular, it empirically examines the short- and long-term effects of total credit, loan-to-deposit ratios, non-performing loans, capital returns, third-party funds and inflation in the industrial production index. By using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), this study found that commercial banks make an insignificant contribution to the Indonesian economy in the short term. In the long run, however, total credit, loan-to-deposit ratio and third-party funds contribute positively to the national economy. These findings reconfirmed the positive role of the banking sector in promoting the long-run economic growth of Indonesia. These results provide some important implications for the banking industry to offer more innovative products and services based on digital banking and fintech. In addition, the Indonesian Monetary Authority should support banking activities and develop an efficient credit allocation mechanism using advanced fintech in responding to the 4.0 era to further promote the real sector of the Indonesian economy. |
6,254 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved circuits for the realization of switched-capacitor filters, and key words: Switching circuits, Band pass filters, Circuit simulation, Circuit topology, Transfer functions, Parasitic capacitance, Equations, Dynamic range, Virtual prototyping, Filtering theory. Abstract: New topologies for switched-capacitor filters are presented. The circuits are based on a pair of complementary integrators and have transfer functions independent of parasitic capacitances between any node and ground. Design equations are given for low-pass, bandpass, high-pass, and notch biquads, as well as ladder simulation filters. The ladder simulation filters are scaled for optimum dynamic range. Discrete prototypes of both cascade and ladder simulation filters are used to verify the theory. |
6,255 | Please write an abstract with title: Automotive Radar – Road Boundary Estimation, and key words: Radar measurements, Roads, Estimation, Focusing, Radar, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Sensor systems. Abstract: The automotive industry is progressively focusing on autonomous driving systems, and there are two main reasons behind that: first, the amount of legislation related to autonomous vehicles is gradually increasing, and second, the OEMs continuously seek to enhance the vehicles safety and comfort. Autonomous Driving Assistant Systems use multiple sensors to sense the 360 degrees all around a vehicle in order to mitigate any risk of collision. One of the key sensors in this field is the radar. This sensor is usually mounted as a front radar to cover the driving direction, or as a corner radar. A radar system can deliver information about stationary or moving targets to a fusion system. The typical interface of radar system is either a user warning alert or an object with properties such as its position, velocity, orientation, its qualities and other parameters. The higher the automation level, the greater the amount of information required by the system. The end user warning functions and tracked objects are a standard kind of information over the years. However, carmakers are currently focusing on low-level fusion and hence require more information and features from the sensors. A typical use case is to deliver the road boundaries over rideable obstacles. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to introduce the guardrail detection techniques with focus on the measurement of a curbstone using the 4D technology. |
6,256 | Please write an abstract with title: Point Cloud Completion Cascade Optimization Network Based on Feature Fusion, and key words: Point Cloud Completion, coarse to fine, feature fusion. Abstract: Due to the limitation of the resolution of 3D scanning equipment such as lidar, as well as the limitation of the scanning angle and mutual occlusion between objects, processing methods and other reasons, the collected 3D point cloud data is often sparse and incomplete. Existing point cloud completion networks do not sufficiently consider the importance of generating a rough shape with fine-grained details. Therefore, we adopt a coarse to fine strategy and introduce a shape completion network with dual branches. The first branch is used to generate a rough shape with some structural details, which is used to generate global features. In the second branch, we employ fine-grained shape completion from the encoder-decoder. These two branches share a global feature to complete the shape completion. The multi-scale point cloud features extracted by the encoder are fused with the global feature to provide accurate global information for the decoder to reconstruct the geometric details of the missing regions. In the design of the total loss function, we calculate the loss difference between the generated rough point cloud, refined point cloud and the real point cloud, which accumulate them. Quantitative and qualitative results of our method on the ShapeNet dataset demonstrate that our algorithm produces more realistic outputs than mainstream point cloud completion algorithms. |
6,257 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fault-Tolerant Method for Cascaded H-Bridge-Based Photovoltaic Inverters With Improved Active and Reactive Power Injection Capability in Postfault Condition, and key words: Inverters, Legged locomotion, Fault tolerant systems, Fault tolerance, Reactive power, Modulation, Control systems. Abstract: This article proposes a fault-tolerant strategy for the cascaded H-bridge-based photovoltaic (PV) inverters with a single failure in power switches. In the introduced method, the faulty leg is bypassed after a switch failure, and the faulty cell (FC) continues to operate with the remaining healthy leg. After bypassing the faulty leg, one voltage level is missed at the ac side of the FC, and if other cells operate normally, a dc offset will appear at the ac terminal voltage, leading to dc current injection to the grid. To tackle this problem, in one of the healthy cells, which is called halved H-bridge cell (HHC), the leg complementary to the faulty leg in the FC is bypassed. In this faulty condition, FC and HHC cannot operate in maximum power point. Therefore, the control system is modified to get the maximum possible active power from the existing PV arrays. Using the proposed configuration and the modified control system, all PVs are kept in use, and consequently, the drawn active power increases compared to the conventional bypassing methods and existing partially bypassing methods. Moreover, in the postfault condition, the ability of the system to inject reactive power to the grid is improved since the suggested method synthesizes higher voltage than the alternative methods at the ac side of the inverter. Mathematical equations describing the system behavior in the postfault condition are derived, and the improvement in active and reactive power injection capability is analytically proved. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulations and experiments. |
6,258 | Please write an abstract with title: New linear codes over F/sub 5/ obtained by tripling method and improvements on bounds, and key words: Cyclic codes, Linear codes, Matrices, Galois fields. Abstract: One of the most important problems of coding theory is to construct codes with the best possible minimum distance. We further generalize the method first introduced by Gulliver and Harada (see Des., Codes Cryptogr, vol. 22, no. 1, p.89-96, 2001) and later generalized by the present authors, and obtain new linear codes which improve the best known minimum-distance bounds of certain linear codes. We have found eight new linear codes over F/sub 5/ with improved minimum distances. We introduce a generalized version of a Gray map, then we give definitions of quasi- and nearly quasi-cyclic codes. We conclude by giving the parameters of new linear codes with their generator matrices. |
6,259 | Please write an abstract with title: Migratool: Towards a Web-Based Spatial Database Migration Tool, and key words: Spatial databases, Geographic Information Systems, Database systems, Computer architecture, Information systems, Computer science, Informatics, Tin, Costs, Open source software. Abstract: The plethora of different GIS solutions has brought a new challenge: how to provide transportability among heterogeneous data sources with minimal impact on IT, reducing costs and time? The advent of open software is pushing this issue for using universal spatial-aware standards such as GML. This paper presents a software tool known as Migratool, which aims to easy the geospatial data migration among both distributed and heterogeneous data sources. This tool is based on a three tiers architecture and it has been implemented using the J2EE architecture. |
6,260 | Please write an abstract with title: A new ultra fast 48 V voltage regulator module part I: sampled-data modeling, and key words: Regulators, Voltage control, Rectifiers, Zero voltage switching, Feeds, Circuit topology, Transformers, Switching circuits, Switches, Transient response. Abstract: New topology, control scheme, and modeling technique are proposed in order to achieve the ultra-fast transient response required in 48 V/1 V voltage regulator module (VRM). The linear sampled data theory is employed to extract an accurate dynamic model. The advantages of the proposed controller are highlighted through a detailed comparison with the conventional current mode controller. Analytical and simulation results are carried out for a 100 W converter in order to prove the validity of the derived model as well as the dynamic performance. |
6,261 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Solar-Wind Hybrid Power System by using Solar-Wind Complementarity, and key words: renewable energy sources, intermittency, solar-wind synergy, complementarity, hybrid power system, planning. Abstract: Environmental degradation is a rapidly growing concern across the globe, which is primarily caused by conventional fossil fuels-based power generation. This study examines the feasibility of generating electricity by using renewable energy sources (RESs) based hybrid power system (HPS). A general planning framework for integrating solar and wind energies in a HPS is proposed, that exploits the solar-wind complementarity to stabilize the combined power output. Specifically, it evaluates the solar-wind complementarity by using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and determines the optimal shares of solar-wind energies in power generation by minimizing the standard deviation of HPS power output. The proposed framework is evaluated on a case study in Pakistan, where sufficient solar-wind synergy potential exists. Our results show that values of solar-wind complementarity varies considerably from -0.351 (high complementarity) to 0.411 (low complementarity). It is observed that by using optimized shares, HPS power outputs exhibit less variations than the outputs generated by standalone solar or wind energy-based power systems. Best location for deployment of solar-wind HPS is identified as the one that maximizes the solar-wind complementarity benefits. |
6,262 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless Secure Signal Transmission for Distributed Intelligent Surface-Aided Millimeter Wave Systems, and key words: Optimization, Array signal processing, Wireless communication, Millimeter wave communication, Approximation algorithms, Communication system security, Switches. Abstract: The optimization of the secrecy rate of the distributed intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs)-assisted millimeter wave (mmWave) communication system is studied in this paper. In this system, the users are served by multiple IRSs, and by adjusting the switch state of each IRS and optimizing the phase shift of the IRS to maximize the secrecy rate of the system. The problem is described as a joint IRS control, transmit beamforming design problem. Our objective is to maximize the secrecy rate of the distributed IRSs-aided system under the transmit power constraint of the access point (AP). Since the problem is non-convex, one alternating optimization algorithm is proposed for solving this problem. We use the successive convex approximation (SCA) algorithm to solve it, and the solution that is obtained by the SCA algorithm guarantees to converge to a stable point that satisfies the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. Moreover, by using the dual method, we obtain the IRS switch. For the IRS phase shifts optimization problem, a low-complexity majorization-minimization (MM) algorithm is used to solve this problem. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can achieve higher secrecy rate compared with the single IRS-aided scheme. |
6,263 | Please write an abstract with title: Outlier-Robust Filtering for Nonlinear Systems With Selective Observations Rejection, and key words: Sensors, Filtering, Noise measurement, Bayes methods, Mathematical models, Wireless sensor networks, State estimation. Abstract: Considering a common case where measurements are obtained from independent sensors, we present a novel outlier-robust filter for nonlinear dynamical systems in this work. The proposed method is devised by modifying the measurement model and subsequently using the theory of Variational Bayes and general Gaussian filtering. We treat the measurement outliers independently for independent observations leading to selective rejection of the corrupted data during inference. By carrying out simulations for variable number of sensors we verify that an implementation of the proposed filter is computationally more efficient as compared to the proposed modifications of similar baseline methods still yielding similar estimation quality. In addition, experimentation results for various real-time indoor localization scenarios using Ultra-wide Band (UWB) sensors demonstrate the practical utility of the proposed method. |
6,264 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of a System for Protecting a Computational Algorithm Using a Local Network of Personal Computers, and key words: Network topology, Software protection, Software algorithms, Information security, Microcomputers, Hardware, Computer networks. Abstract: An applied problem associated with the development of a comprehensive information protection system (computational algorithm) in a local computer network is to ensure information security of specific nodes of this network, information in which is of some value to their owner, due to its unknown to third parties, for example, information constituting trade secrets. In this case, a certain computational algorithm (computational function) acts as the protected information, with the help of which it is possible to perform a unique transformation of a specific input parameter, or data set, into an output value - the final result of the algorithm. At the same time, the input and output information, as well as information circulating outside the boundaries of the algorithm, is of no value to the user of this LAN, therefore, is not subject to protection. |
6,265 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless interface to new and retrofitting of existing industrial systems for monitoring, controlling and data acquisition in a noisy industrial environment, and key words: Electrical equipment industry, Industrial control, Control systems, Data acquisition, Working environment noise, Wireless sensor networks, Defense industry, Computerized monitoring, Remote monitoring, Communication industry. Abstract: Wireless telephones systems are available for quite sometimes. However, wireless devices that can send and receive analog and digital data from industrial control process in a noisy industrial environment have just been introduced. Recently, Omnex Control Systems Inc. has introduced industrial friendly analog and digital wireless transceiver to reliably communicate under noisy industrial condition among sensors, transducers, final control elements, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and similar devices and systems. This wireless digital and analog conduit is a commercialized version of the spread spectrum license free 902-928 MHz frequency hopping communication techniques used by the defense industry. Since the system is license free and maintenance free wireless conduit, it eliminates costly and time consuming cable laying for new and retrofitting of existing project. This wireless conduit is an interference free link between remote devices and control room, it is ideal for a noisy industrial environment. The subject of this paper deals with monitoring, controlling, and acquiring data continuously from an industrial process using this wireless conduit. The authors plan to demonstrate the interfacing of an industrial process, transducers, and final control elements to a remotely located computer controlled data acquisition system. The monitoring and controlling of remote process via a reliable link without sacrificing the data integrity and loss of ability to analyze the acquired data will be discussed. We are proposing to show how this wireless conduit is a two-way monitoring and controlling solutions for a variety of industrial application in heavy interference environment where other radios fail to perform. |
6,266 | Please write an abstract with title: A Confidence-Guided Technique for Tracking Time-Varying Features, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Feature extraction, Target tracking, Fuzzy systems, Training data, Knowledge based systems, Data visualization. Abstract: Application scientists often employ feature tracking algorithms to capture the temporal evolution of various features in their simulation data. However, as the complexity of the scientific features is increasing with the advanced simulation modeling techniques, quantification of reliability of the feature tracking algorithms is becoming important. One of the desired requirements for any robust feature tracking algorithm is to estimate its confidence during each tracking step so that the results obtained can be interpreted without any ambiguity. To address this, we develop a confidence-guided feature tracking algorithm that allows reliable tracking of user-selected features and presents the tracking dynamics using a graph-based visualization along with the spatial visualization of the tracked feature. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated by applying it to two scientific datasets containing different types of time-varying features. |
6,267 | Please write an abstract with title: Recursive estimation of time-varying channel and frequency offset in MIMO OFDM systems, and key words: Recursive estimation, Time-varying channels, Frequency estimation, MIMO, OFDM, Time domain analysis, Frequency domain analysis, Laboratories, Kalman filters, Filtering. Abstract: In this paper we address the problem of channel and frequency offset estimation for multiple-input multiple-output OFDM systems for mobile users. The proposed method stems from extended Kalman filtering. It is suitable for time and frequency selective channels. The algorithm performs channel and offset tracking in time-domain followed by equalization in frequency domain. Simulation results demonstrating high fidelity tracking capability are presented using realistic channel model in typical urban scenarios. |
6,268 | Please write an abstract with title: Conclusion, and key words: Radio access networks, 6G mobile communication, Security, Privacy, Medical services, Market research, Law. Abstract: This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book provides a visionary insight in to the present and future developments of sixth‐generation (6G). It covers a multitude of 6G aspects, including, what will be the 6G requirements, and how to build different architectures to play together. The book provides reference material to design intelligent, smart, and autonomous telecommunication networks. It also offers an intelligent insight into the ongoing and future research treads, use‐cases, and key technologies toward the 6G networks. The book then discusses 6G applications, including, smart cities and Society 5.0, future healthcare, and Industry 5.0 while it also thrusts on the exciting wild 6G applications such as metaverse, deep‐sea explorations, and space tourism. |
6,269 | Please write an abstract with title: Diffraction of a normally incident plane wave by an impedance wedge with its exterior bisected by a semi-infinite impedance sheet, and key words: Impedance, Integral equations, Electromagnetic diffraction, Electromagnetic wave polarization, Electromagnetic scattering, Boundary value problems, Difference equations, Boundary conditions, Strips, Transforms. Abstract: This paper reports an application of a previously proposed procedure to diffraction of a normally incident, arbitrarily polarized plane electromagnetic wave by a canonical structure which consists of a wedge with different face impedances and a semi-infinite impedance sheet bisecting the exterior of the wedge. The use of the Sommerfeld-Malyuzhinets technique converts the original boundary value problem into a system of linear equations for two coupled spectral functions. Eliminating one of them, we get a second-order difference equation for the other spectral function. From this function and the boundary condition on the upper wedge face we construct an even and in the basic strip regular new spectral function. Then we transform the second-order equation into a simpler one by means of a generalized Malyuzhinets function /spl chi//sub /spl Phi//(/spl alpha/), and express the solution to the latter in an integral form with help of the so-called S-integrals. Solving a Fredholm equation of the second kind for points on the imaginary axis of the complex plane, which follows from the integral representation, enables one to compute the sought-for function. The second spectral function is obtained via its dependence upon the first one. We present a first-order uniform asymptotic solution, as well as numerical results. |
6,270 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D-MBNet: Intention Based Multimodal Vehicle Trajectory Prediction with 3D Social Convolution, and key words: Training, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Convolution, Predictive models, Benchmark testing, Trajectory. Abstract: Predicting vehicle trajectories in traffic scenes is an important issue for autonomous driving and advanced driver assistance systems. The spatial and temporal interactions between the predicted vehicle and its surrounding vehicles are commonly used for trajectory prediction. However, most existing methods usually deal with the two interactions separately. In this paper, we propose a multimodal vehicle trajectory prediction model, which includes a 3D social convolution module to jointly model spatial and temporal interactions. Furthermore, to make interpretable multimodal predictions, we define several types of driving intentions (namely lane changes, acceleration, deceleration and driving with uniform velocity) and introduce multi-branch decoders to decode different intentions. The two-stage training strategy is introduced to guarantee the recall rates of the intentions with long-tailed distributions. Our model outperforms several state-of-the-art methods on the NGSIM and highD benchmark datasets. In addition, the ablation experiments show that our method can improve the prediction accuracy of each specified modality. |
6,271 | Please write an abstract with title: Acquaintance based soft location management (ABSLM) in MANET, and key words: Mobile ad hoc networks, Routing protocols, Databases, Throughput, Bandwidth, Network topology, Computer network management, Engineering management, Intelligent networks, Computer science. Abstract: A major challenge faced in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) is locating the devices for communication, especially with high node mobility and sparse node density. Present solutions provided by the ad hoc routing protocols range from flooding the entire network with route requests, to deploying a separate location management scheme to maintain a device location database. In this work, we propose a novel scheme called acquaintance based soft location management (ABSLM) in MANET. In ABSLM, nodes make use of the real life concept of making acquaintances and keeping in touch with them regarding each other's current locations. ABSLM has a two-fold aim: to avoid the overhead of flooding: and to use a 'soft' location management setup that does not require a strict location management strategies and is thus computationally less expensive than the standard 'hard' location management schemes. Simulation results show that the ABSLM not only outperforms the existing flooding schemes in terms of throughput, overhead and location discovery latency, but also achieves a performance comparable to 'hard' grid based location management schemes with a much lower control overhead. |
6,272 | Please write an abstract with title: An Integrated System for Interactive Editing of Schematics, Logic Simulation and PCB Layout Design, and key words: Logic design, Computational modeling, Circuit simulation, Computer graphics, Routing, Automatic logic units, Logic circuits, Computer simulation, Layout, Process design. Abstract: This paper describes the basic concepts and features of an integrated PCB design system currently under development. The system includes facilities for interactive editing of schematics, logic simulation, placement and routing. A set of postprocessors will enable the designer to generate the necessary documents and drawings. The central part of the system consists of a Design File (DF) in which the different design steps are linked together. Once the schematic drawing has been produced, utilizing the versatile interactive graphic facilities in CASS (Computer Aided Schematic System), the schematic data will be automatically translated to a topological circuit description, which in turn will be exploited by the logic simulator and the layout system. The use of simulation during the design process is considerably simplified by operating the simulator from an interactive graphic terminal. |
6,273 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D Conditional Adversarial Learning for Synthesizing Microscopic Neuron Image Using Skeleton-to-Neuron Translation, and key words: Neurons, Three-dimensional displays, Generators, Skeleton, Microscopy, Training, Morphology. Abstract: The automatic reconstruction of single neuron cells from microscopic images is essential to establishing the research on neuron morphology. However, the performance of single neuron reconstruction algorithms is constrained by both the quantity and the quality of the annotated 3D microscopic images since annotating large-scale single neuron models is highly labour intensive. We propose a framework for synthesizing microscopy-realistic 3D neuron images from simulated single neuron skeletons using conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN). We build the generator network with multi-resolution sub-modules to improve the output fidelity. We evaluate our framework on Janelia-Fly dataset from the BigNeuron project. With both qualitative and quantitative analysis, we show that the proposed framework outperforms the other state-of-the-art methods regarding the quality of the synthetic neuron images. We also show that combining the real neuron images and the synthetic images generated from our framework can improve the performance of neuron segmentation. |
6,274 | Please write an abstract with title: Motion vector coding for in-band motion compensated temporal filtering, and key words: Video codecs, Spatial resolution, Discrete wavelet transforms, Video coding, Motion estimation, Decoding, Information filtering, Information filters, Wavelet domain, Consumer electronics. Abstract: Recently, a new wavelet-based video codec using in-band motion compensated temporal filtering (IBMCTF) was introduced This codec is fully scalable in resolution, quality aid frame-rate. In comparison to an equivalent video coding scheme based on spatial domain motion compensated temporal filtering (SDMCTF), its compression performance when decoding to lower resolutions is very promising. However, since the IBMCTF scheme is based on in-band motion estimation, considerably more motion vector data is generated than in the SDMCTF scheme. Efficient compression of these motion vectors is therefore of utmost importance. In this paper, several solutions for the compression of motion vectors generated by a video codec based on IBMCTF are presented and compared. |
6,275 | Please write an abstract with title: MS-SRALAT: Multi-granularity SubStructure-aware Representation Learning Algorithm for Time-series, and key words: Representation learning, Scalability, Software algorithms, Semantics, Clustering algorithms, Symbols, Approximation algorithms. Abstract: Time-series representation is essential in many data mining algorithms, such as clustering, classification, motif discovery, which have been used to discover knowledge from the time-series data. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to learn the semantic representation of a symbol sequence which is generated corresponding to a time-series by an approximation algorithm that can capture the structure of original data. However, the granularity of structure (coarse-to fine-grained) approximated by such an algorithm is defined by a parameter which affects the quality of resulting representation, and therefore impacts the performance of its subsequent tasks. We then propose a multi-granularity substructure-aware representation learning algorithm for time-series (MS-SRALAT) which is an ensemble model that incorporates the trained models with different granularity to produce more robust representations. The resulted experiments on the benchmark datasets showed the superiority of MS-SRALAT over single-granularity learning models, and comparable performances compared to the exact baseline methods while suggesting good scalability for the similar search task. |
6,276 | Please write an abstract with title: Controlling the electrospinning process by jet current and Taylor cone, and key words: Process control, Optical fiber devices, Voltage, Polymers, Current, Spinning, Needles, Stability, Morphology, Shape. Abstract: To prepare uniform nanofibers from poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), a voltage of 0 to 15 kV was applied to a distance of 15 cm to 30 cm between tip and ground collector. In this study, jet current and Taylor cone were used to express the electrospinning stability. It is showed that an electric current during electrospinning affects the fiber morphology. SEM and jet current monitoring were used to study the jet stability with positive power. It is suggested that it may be concluded that there is a voltage range for spinning with these conditions. The most important one is the Taylor cone shape. When jet current is at the smaller ratio of slope and the Taylor cone still has a part out of the nozzle, the fibers are the most uniform fibers. |
6,277 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of TransUNet for Segmenting Lung Mass from Chest X-ray Image, and key words: Image segmentation, Visualization, Lung, Medical services, Radiology, Transformers, Feature extraction. Abstract: Chest X-ray image is one of the most common examinations in radiology, and can assist physicians in making a preliminary determination of lung mass. In this paper, we segmenting lung mass through the combination of CNN and transformer. Based on TransUnet model, this paper adds a CA (Coordinate Attention) block to the CNN model to increase the shallow spatial features and use the Vision Transformer (ViT) to extract deep features. Finally, we use a U-net-like method to upsample the feature information obtained in the CNN and Transformer, and superimposed the segmentation results on the original chest X-ray image for visualization. Experimental results show that the DICE accuracy for the segmentation of lung mass images achieves 89.34%. The proposed method can effectively reduce the errors in diagnosis caused by different radiologists and help them improve the stability of decision-making. |
6,278 | Please write an abstract with title: Command Filtered Adaptive Fuzzy Control for Induction Motors With Iron Losses and Stochastic Disturbances via Reduced-Order Observer, and key words: Rotors, Observers, Iron, Stochastic processes, Induction motors, Stochastic systems, Backstepping. Abstract: This brief presents a fuzzy adaptive tracking control method based on command filtering and reduced-order observer for induction motor (IM) with iron losses and stochastic disturbances. Firstly, the rotor position and angular velocity of IM are estimated by a reduced-order observer. Then, the stochastic nonlinear functions are approximated by the fuzzy logic systems. In addition, the complexity of computation in traditional backstepping design is overcome by exploiting the command filtered technique. The results of the simulation and experiment shown that the presented control method can track the desired signal effectively. |
6,279 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of TDMA Noise-Immune DC-DC Boost Converter with Dead-Time Controller for AMOLED Displays, and key words: Time division multiple access, Power transistors, Pulse generation, Active matrix organic light emitting diodes, Voltage control, Simulation, DC-DC power converters. Abstract: This paper proposes a TDMA noise-immune DC-DC boost converter with a dead-time controller for AMOLED displays to improve power efficiency and to supply a stable output voltage for AMOLED displays. The dead-time controller detects rising and falling dead time using a dead-time pulse generator to minimize the dead time of a P-N power transistor. The converter has a TDMA noise-reduction circuit to reduce the output voltage fluctuation when TDMA noise comes in. The proposed DC-DC boost converter was designed using a 0.18 μm BCDMOS process. Simulation results show that the boost converter has an output voltage of 4.6 V for an input voltage range of 2.9 V to 4.4 V and reduces the undershoot by 8 mV and overshoot by 5 mV. In addition, the power efficiency is 43% to 95% for a load current range of 1 mA to 100 mA. |
6,280 | Please write an abstract with title: An Overview and Practical Considerations of Common Lithium-ion Battery Cell Models, and key words: Lithium-ion batteries, Battery management systems, Solids, Hazards, Communications technology, State of charge. Abstract: Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are widely used in numerous applications due to their high energy density and long lifespan. These batteries require effective techniques to manage their operation in order to optimize their performance and prolong their life. However, with no solid understanding of the battery dynamics, the design of the battery management system (BMS) cannot be optimized. Furthermore, improperly charging or discharging these batteries will ultimately reduce their cycle-life and may result in a fire hazard. This paper presents an overview of common Li-ion battery cell models that allow understanding the typical dynamics of these batteries followed by some practical considerations. |
6,281 | Please write an abstract with title: An Adaptive Visual Dynamic-SLAM Method Based on Fusing the Semantic Information, and key words: Simultaneous localization and mapping, Dynamics, Feature extraction, Semantics, Vehicle dynamics, Location awareness, Object detection. Abstract: The SLAM problem in dynamic scenes is regarded as a challenge. This article proposes a novel SLAM framework for dynamic environments, which combines neural network and motion information of dynamic objects, making the system more adaptable to dynamic scenes. Specifically, we adopt a fast object detection network, tightly couple the results of the object detection with the geometric information in the SLAM system. Then the feature point extracted from the image is associated with a dynamic probability. By utilizing the feature points which tend to be static, the localization result can be greatly improved in dynamic environments. We perform the experiments both on the public data set and the real environment. The result can demonstrate that the proposed method greatly improves the localization accuracy in a dynamic environment. An open-source version of the source code is available. |
6,282 | Please write an abstract with title: Drift-Aware Multi-Memory Model for Imbalanced Data Streams, and key words: Conferences, Interference, Detectors, Big Data, Data models. Abstract: Online class imbalance learning deals with data streams that are affected by both concept drift and class imbalance. Online learning tries to find a trade-off between exploiting previously learned information and incorporating new information into the model. This requires both the incremental update of the model and the ability to unlearn outdated information. The improper use of unlearning, however, can lead to the retroactive interference problem, a phenomenon that occurs when newly learned information interferes with the old information and impedes the recall of previously learned information. The problem becomes more severe when the classes are not equally represented, resulting in the removal of minority information from the model. In this work, we propose the Drift-Aware Multi-Memory Model (DAM3), which addresses the class imbalance problem in online learning for memory-based models. DAM3 mitigates class imbalance by incorporating an imbalance-sensitive drift detector, preserving a balanced representation of classes in the model, and resolving retroactive interference using a working memory that prevents the forgetting of old information. We show through experiments on real-world and synthetic datasets that the proposed method mitigates class imbalance and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. |
6,283 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fastly and Slowly Cyclic Switching Strategy for Discrete-Time Cyclic Switched Systems and Its Application to Inverter Circuits, and key words: Switches, Switched systems, Stability criteria, Switching circuits, Circuit stability, Numerical stability, Circuits and systems. Abstract: In this brief, a fastly and slowly cyclic switching approach is designed for the stability of a class of discrete-time cyclic switched systems with unstable modes. Firstly, by developing two discrete-time cyclic switching laws (i.e., the so-called fastly unstable (or slowly stable) cycle-dependent average cycle dwell time), several new stability criteria for discrete-time cyclic switched nonlinear systems with unstable subsystems are derived in the form of multiple Lyapunov functions. Next, some stability conditions for discrete-time cyclic switched linear systems with unstable modes are also obtained in the case of linear matrix inequalities. It is worth noting that the obtained results provide tighter upper and lower limits for the running time of the system. Furthermore, a stability corollary for discrete-time cyclic switched nonlinear (linear) systems with all stable subsystems is presented. Finally, simulation results of a numerical example and a switching inverter circuit are given to illustrate the potential and efficiency of the developed techniques. |
6,284 | Please write an abstract with title: Traffic performance of buffering strategies in all-optical nodes for IP networks, and key words: Telecommunication traffic, IP networks, Optical buffering, Arrayed waveguide gratings, Resource management, Optical arrays, Optical waveguides, Optical packet switching, Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical switches. Abstract: In order to support the continuous growth of transmission capacity demand, optical packet switching technology is emerging as a strong candidate, promising to allow fast dynamic allocation of WDM channels, combined with a high degree of statistical resource sharing. This work addresses the comparison of input and shared buffering in an optical switch architecture based on an arrayed waveguide grating to route packets. Since a limited maximum buffer depth is feasible nowadays, particular care must be paid to buffer implementation. The performance evaluation considers different length distributions of packets offered to the node. |
6,285 | Please write an abstract with title: A Framework for Supervised Heterogeneous Transfer Learning Using Dynamic Distribution Adaptation and Manifold Regularization, and key words: Manifolds, Companies, Forestry, Transfer learning, Toy manufacturing industry, Data models, Bridges. Abstract: Transfer learning aims to learn classifiers for a target domain by transferring knowledge from a source domain. However, due to two main issues: feature discrepancy and distribution divergence, transfer learning can be a very difficult problem in practice. In this paper, we present a framework called TLF that builds a classifier for the target domain having only a few labeled training records by transferring knowledge from the source domain having many labeled records. While existing methods often focus on one issue and leave the other one for further work, TLF is capable of handling both issues simultaneously. In TLF, we alleviate feature discrepancy by identifying shared label distributions that act as the pivots to bridge the domains. We handle distribution divergence by simultaneously optimizing the structural risk functional, joint distributions between domains, and the manifold consistency underlying marginal distributions. Moreover, for the manifold consistency we exploit its intrinsic properties by identifying $k$ nearest neighbors of a record, where $k$ is determined automatically. We evaluate TLF on seven publicly available datasets and compare performances of TLF and fourteen state-of-the-art techniques. Our experimental results, including statistical sign test and Nemenyi test analyses, indicate a clear superiority of TLF over the state-of-the-art techniques. |
6,286 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of evolutionary algorithm to three key problems in VLSI layout, and key words: Evolutionary computation, Very large scale integration, Partitioning algorithms, Genetic algorithms, Stochastic processes, NP-hard problem, Clocks, Routing, Circuit testing, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Evolutionary algorithm is a class of stochastic search algorithm, which can be applied to both combinatorial and numerical optimization problems, especially NP hard problems. Circuit partitioning, placement and clock routing are three key phases in VLSI physical design and they are proved to be NP hard. So a genetic algorithm frame and its realization process are presented in this paper in order to solve these problems. Meanwhile, this algorithm is used to test different benchmarks for three different problems, experimental results show that it is a feasible and valid algorithm. This genetic algorithm can also improve solutions when compared with traditional heuristic methods. |
6,287 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy agents versus intelligent swarms, and key words: Birth disorders, Intelligent agent, Routing, Computers, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Service oriented architecture, Floods, Fuzzy sets, Humans, Fuzzy systems. Abstract: The paper considers development of soft computing agents (SCA) via a fuzzy paradigm into its narrower class: fuzzy intelligent agents (FA). As a synergy between soft computing technology and intelligent agents SCA take advantages of flexible interpretation of the first and autonomous functioning of the second. Although the fuzzy intelligent agent narrows its tools to the fuzzy paradigm it still makes clear the basis of the fuzzy seeking strategy. The investigation is focused on information FA using such a strategy. A promising advance in optimal routing marks ant-based intelligent agents. The practice of swarm oriented agents SOA investigates a great majority of perspective decisions that are clarified using a pheromone-like strategy. A drawback of this approach is the rather intensive information exchange that forms optimal decisions. We propose a similar swarm-oriented strategy based on the fuzzy paradigm. In comparison with SOA it has two advantages: (i) significant decrease of information exchange due to single swarm flooding after service activation; (ii) customer oriented preferences by service implementation. The strategy is applied for creation of information FA in optimal routing tasks. These agents provide timely, consistent, and qualitative information to the node soliciting services. In such a way the bottleneck in the chain of information decision-state refreshing is decreased. |
6,288 | Please write an abstract with title: Technology Adoption and Emerging Trends, and key words: Organizations, Market research, Artificial intelligence, 5G mobile communication, Best practices, Transforms, Productivity. Abstract: This chapter focuses on the future of business technology and how adopting different technology trends will define the next two decades. Different businesses will continue to focus on different core technological trends such as mobility, cloud computing, and big data. Data veracity is an emerging trend meant to determine if business insights may be corrupted and help the management avoid skewed decisions. In today's world, organizations are implementing artificial intelligence (AI) as they look forward to implementing machine learning capabilities over the existing frameworks of data management. The adoption of social value is an indication that organizations are experiencing business maturity. Cloud computing technology enables businesses to manage their data resources online. Even as business technology's future continues to get brighter, there is a need to reconsider cybersecurity, privacy, and risk management issues. Growth in cloud computing has helped companies minimize their costs since the solution is better than traditional modes of operation. |
6,289 | Please write an abstract with title: Polymer plating of 6-(N-Allyl-1,1,2,2tetrahydroperfluorodecyl) amino-1,3,5-trazine-2,4-dithiol monosodium on aluminum in magnetic field and its electrostatic capacity, and key words: Aluminum, Magnetic fields, Electrostatics, Polymer films, Magnetic films, Capacitance, Capacitors, Current density, Plastic insulation, Magnetic flux density. Abstract: Polymer plating of 6-(N-Allyl-1,1,2,2-tetrahydro perfluoro decyl) amino-1,3,5-trazine-2,4-dithiol monosodium (ATP) on aluminum was investigated in the presence and absence of magnetic field and a film capacitor was fabricated using the polymer film deposited on aluminum. Polymer plating of ATP was performed in NaNO/sub 2/ aqueous solution at 5/spl deg/C, with film thickness found to increase proportional to the square root of plating time according to the parabolic law, both in the presence and absence of magnetic field. Polymer films were considerably thicker when fabricated in the presence of a magnetic field than that in the absence. The rate of film formation, however, was slightly higher in the presence of a magnetic field. For ATP polymer plating at a current density of 2 A/cm/sup 2/, the potential applied during film deposition increased with plating time and was considerably higher in the presence of a magnetic field. This shows that the presence of magnetic field leads to the formation of insulating polymer films. From FT-IR results, polymer films were found to be more closely packed and highly ordered in the presence of a magnetic field than in the absence. Fabricating polymer film in the presence of a magnetic field provides higher electrostatic capacitance than in the absence of a magnetic field. Electrostatic capacitance was found to increase with magnetic flux density. Polymer films having dielectric constants of 200 to 450 were obtained suggesting organic ferroelectrics. |
6,290 | Please write an abstract with title: Sketch Your Own GAN, and key words: Training, Image quality, Deep learning, Visualization, Interpolation, Computer vision, Shape. Abstract: Can a user create a deep generative model by sketching a single example? Traditionally, creating a GAN model has required the collection of a large-scale dataset of exemplars and specialized knowledge in deep learning. In contrast, sketching is possibly the most universally accessible way to convey a visual concept. In this work, we present a method, GAN Sketching, for rewriting GANs with one or more sketches, to make GANs training easier for novice users. In particular, we change the weights of an original GAN model according to user sketches. We encourage the model’s output to match the user sketches through a crossdomain adversarial loss. Furthermore, we explore different regularization methods to preserve the original model’s diversity and image quality. Experiments have shown that our method can mold GANs to match shapes and poses specified by sketches while maintaining realism and diversity. Finally, we demonstrate a few applications of the resulting GAN, including latent space interpolation and image editing. |
6,291 | Please write an abstract with title: The Dawn of Superconducting Quantum Information Processing, and key words: Superconducting materials, Materials science and technology, Program processors, Qubit, Quantum mechanics, Information processing, Cryogenics. Abstract: Quantum mechanics describes the physical world around us with exquisite precision, with no known violations of the theory. Ironically, this precision comes with some additional baggage: the theory allows for a host of complex, delicate states of the physical world, many of which are yet to be produced or observed. The debate of whether their subtle, entangled structure really captures the fundamental nature of the world, and can be used as an engineering resource, is reaching a critical moment. Experiments now straddle the threshold of quantum supremacy, where hitherto inaccessible computations are enabled with quantum computing hardware. Superconducting circuit-based quantum processors are an advanced technology platform for such quantum information processing. The basic architecture, operation, and performance of superconducting qubits and quantum processors is reviewed, along with a discussion of near-term research needs as viewed through the lens of materials science and cryogenic technology. |
6,292 | Please write an abstract with title: Explaining strain [in silicon], and key words: Capacitive sensors, Lattices, Mechanical sensors, Substrates, Force sensors, Silicon alloys, Conductivity, Strain measurement, Circuits, Electrons. Abstract: Large effects of elastic strain on the electrical resistance of silicon were discovered not long after the recognition of silicon as the material for the development of solid-state electronics. The effects were shortly employed as the basis of a variety of mechanical sensors. More recently, the use of strain to improve the performance of field-effect transistors (FETs) has drawn increased attention to its role as a part of the arsenal of silicon electronic technology. Attention to unwanted strain as a source of problems is also increasing. This article is aimed at explaining the basis of the effects of strain on the electrical properties of n-silicon and how these effects produce both good and bad results. |
6,293 | Please write an abstract with title: Transient Analysis of Hybrid Cu-CNT On-Chip Interconnects Using MRA Technique, and key words: Integrated circuit interconnections, Resistance, Analytical models, Integrated circuit modeling, System-on-chip, Nanopackaging, Phonons, Carbon nanotubes, Boundary conditions. Abstract: This paper presents the transient analysis of the equivalent single conductor (ESC) model of hybrid Cu-CNT on-chip interconnects for nanopackaging using matrix rational approximation (MRA) modeling technique. The analysis of propagation delay and peak crosstalk noise is carried out for single and coupled Cu-CNT interconnect lines at 14 nm and 22 nm technology nodes. It has been observed that the proposed MRA model provides a speed-up factor of 131 compared to the HSPICE. An error of less than 1% confirms the accuracy of the proposed model compared to the SPICE simulations. It is observed that Cu-CNT lines are more immune to the crosstalk due to lesser coupling effects compared to Cu and CNT interconnects. The efficacy, accuracy, and comprehensive analysis using the proposed model ensures immense application possibility of the proposed model in the VLSI design automation tools at the nanopackaging level. |
6,294 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure AF Relaying in Power-Constrained UAV Networks, and key words: Measurement, Vehicular and wireless technologies, Power demand, Simulation, Physical layer security, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Batteries. Abstract: This paper proposes a secure amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying scheme in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks while accounting for the power consumption limitations of UAVs. Since a UAV's battery life is limited, we propose selecting the UAV relays based on their probability of availability, which we model to be a function of the UAV's power consumption model. Then, physical layer security is achieved by partitioning the limited available relays into information relaying UAVs and cooperative jammers while aiming to maximize the secrecy rate of the network when an eavesdropper is located in the vicinity of the destination node. Meanwhile, the information bearing relays use beamforming to enhance the information delivery to the destination, and the cooperative jamming relays use precoded artificial-noise scheme to degrade the eavesdropping links' received signal-to-noise ratios. Simulation results show significant secrecy rate enhancements when the proposed schemes are adopted compared to conventional relaying scenarios, especially when cooperative jamming is deployed. |
6,295 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Hashing with Hash Center Update for Efficient Image Retrieval, and key words: Training, Dimensionality reduction, Correlation coefficient, Correlation, Conferences, Image retrieval, Neural networks. Abstract: In this paper, we propose an approach for learning binary hash codes for image retrieval. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is used to design two loss functions for training a neural network such that the correlation between the two views to CCA is maximum. The main motivation for using CCA for feature space learning is that dimensionality reduction is possible and short binary codes could be generated. The first loss maximizes the correlation between the hash centers and the learned hash codes. The second loss maximizes the correlation between the class labels and the classification scores. In this paper, a novel weighted mean and thresholding-based hash center update scheme for adapting the hash centers is proposed. The training loss reaches the theoretical lower bound of the proposed loss functions, showing that the correlation coefficients are maximized during training and substantiating the formation of efficient feature space for retrieval. The measured mean average precision shows that the proposed approach outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. |
6,296 | Please write an abstract with title: Recognizing imprecisely localized, partially occluded, and expression variant faces from a single sample per class, and key words: Face recognition, Principal component analysis, Image recognition, System testing, Pattern recognition, Lighting, Voting, Learning systems, Displays. Abstract: The classical way of attempting to solve the face (or object) recognition problem is by using large and representative data sets. In many applications, though, only one sample per class is available to the system. In this contribution, we describe a probabilistic approach that is able to compensate for imprecisely localized, partially occluded, and expression-variant faces even when only one single training sample per class is available to the system. To solve the localization problem, we find the subspace (within the feature space, e.g., eigenspace) that represents this error for each of the training images. To resolve the occlusion problem, each face is divided into k local regions which are analyzed in isolation. In contrast with other approaches where a simple voting space is used, we present a probabilistic method that analyzes how "good" a local match is. To make the recognition system less sensitive to the differences between the facial expression displayed on the training and the testing images, we weight the results obtained on each local area on the basis of how much of this local area is affected by the expression displayed on the current test image. |
6,297 | Please write an abstract with title: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces vs. Relaying: Differences, Similarities, and Performance Comparison, and key words: Relays, Surface waves, Wireless communication, Radio transmitters, Antenna arrays. Abstract: Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have the potential of realizing the emerging concept of smart radio environments by leveraging the unique properties of metamaterials and large arrays of inexpensive antennas. In this article, we discuss the potential applications of RISs in wireless networks that operate at high-frequency bands, e.g., millimeter wave (30-100 GHz) and sub-millimeter wave (greater than 100 GHz) frequencies. When used in wireless networks, RISs may operate in a manner similar to relays. The present paper, therefore, elaborates on the key differences and similarities between RISs that are configured to operate as anomalous reflectors and relays. In particular, we illustrate numerical results that highlight the spectral efficiency gains of RISs when their size is sufficiently large as compared with the wavelength of the radio waves. In addition, we discuss key open issues that need to be addressed for unlocking the potential benefits of RISs for application to wireless communications and networks. |
6,298 | Please write an abstract with title: Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction for Echo Planar Imaging: Methods and Applications, and key words: Image reconstruction, Magnetic resonance imaging, Nonlinear distortion, Standards, Nonhomogeneous media. Abstract: Echo planar imaging is widely-used clinical settings, for its speed. EPI acquisitions typically employ complex sampling protocols, and correspondingly require advanced reconstruction plans both to account for non-uniform data spacing and for managing system imperfections such as B0-field inhomogeneity, gradient non-linearity, and eddy currents, as well as subject-induced non-idealities like susceptibility variation. Such non-idealities are typically managed after the k-space to image domain transformation, which generates geometrical inaccuracies and blurring in images. In this work, we develop and investigate a comprehensive model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) framework that prospectively accounts for multiple non-idealities in accelerated single-shot EPI. When necessary, we also employ nonlinear regularization to mitigate noise amplification. |
6,299 | Please write an abstract with title: Turnout Fault Diagnosis Algorithms of Full-Electronic Interlocking System Based on BP_Adaboost, and key words: Railway Signaling System, turnout, fault diagnosis, BP_Adaboost. Abstract: With the rapid development of Chinese railways, railway station signal control system has developed rapidly with the help of the fourth generation of all-electronic interlocking system. According to the control circuit and switching state in switch module of electronic interlocking system and monitor switching current, analysis the monitoring machine of turnout active current, the characteristic input value of turnout is extracted and turnout fault model is established. Firstly, data training and test is classified by BP neural network, then strong classifier is constructed by optimized Adaboost, the matching classification between turnout characteristic quantity and turnout fault type is carried out. After simulation, when BP neural network algorithm is used alone, the fault diagnosis rate is 90.2%, while the strong classification effect of BP_Adaboost algorithm can improve accuracy of turnout fault diagnosis by 95.8%, and the accuracy of latter is 5% higher than that of the former. The method validity is verified, which provides important research significance for turnout fault diagnosis of all-electronic interlocking system. |
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