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7,500 | Please write an abstract with title: O(log n) dynamic packet routing, and key words: Routing, Data structures, Databases, Information science, Data engineering, Internet, Table lookup, Encoding. Abstract: A data structure is developed that permits one to find longest matching prefixes as well as to insert and delete a prefix in O(log n) time, where n is the number of prefixes in the router table. Experimental results using a real IPv4 routing database are also presented. |
7,501 | Please write an abstract with title: A Gas Turbine Virtual Reality Application Migration to Mixed Reality: Development Experience, and key words: Virtual reality, Turbines, Three-dimensional displays, Real-time systems, Solids, Navigation, Mixed reality. Abstract: This paper discusses several technical issues and difficulties faced while converting a Gas Turbine Virtual Reality (VR) application to a Mixed Reality (MR) application. Direct conversion from a VR to MR is feasible. However, it is found that several techniques or methods employed in VR are ineffective in MR. This is due to the Head Mounted Device used in the MR application allows users to see the real world while visualising computer-generated image, whereby the same function is not applicable in VR. Among the functions in VR which are not compatible with MR are teleporting and interaction. These issues were discovered during a prototype testing of the MR system. Based on the observation, it is found that in an MR system, the view inside HMD is overcrowded when a virtual background is visible along with the actual background. In addition to that, in an MR system, users prefer to physically walk towards the virtual object rather than teleporting using a controller. The discussion is not only highlighting the problem faced but also the solutions. In general, the objective of this paper is to share the technical issues experienced during the development process. It is expected that this knowledge can be helpful to future researchers or developers. |
7,502 | Please write an abstract with title: Image Data Encryption Using DES Method, and key words: Computer science, Cloud computing, Ciphers, Memory, Microcomputers, Encryption, Cryptography. Abstract: Data encryption has been considered as a way to secure data that is stored either on personal computers or on the internet such as cloud storage and cloud computing. Because advances in data storage technology, the main problem that is often faced is data security, so we apply the concept of data encryption using the DES method. by analyzing using the DES method is the safest data encryption process for safeguarding data stored on personal computers and on the internet. Based on the application that has been designed using the DES Algorithm with input in the form of an image, it can successfully encrypt the image. |
7,503 | Please write an abstract with title: In-Distribution and Out-of-Distribution Self-supervised ECG Representation Learning for Arrhythmia Detection, and key words: Arrhythmia Detection, Contrastive Learning, Electrocardiogram, Self-Supervised Learning, In-Distribution, Out-of-Distribution. Abstract: This paper presents a systematic investigation into the effectiveness of Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) methods for Electrocardiogram (ECG) arrhythmia detection. We begin by conducting a novel analysis of the data distributions on three popular ECG-based arrhythmia datasets: PTB-XL, Chapman, and Ribeiro. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to quantitatively explore and characterize these distributions in the area. We then perform a comprehensive set of experiments using different augmentations and parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of various SSL methods, namely SimCRL, BYOL, and SwAV, for ECG representation learning, where we observe the best performance achieved by SwAV. Furthermore, our analysis shows that SSL methods achieve highly competitive results to those achieved by supervised state-of-the-art methods. To further assess the performance of these methods on both In-Distribution (ID) and Out-of-Distribution (OOD) ECG data, we conduct cross-dataset training and testing experiments. Our comprehensive experiments show almost identical results when comparing ID and OOD schemes, indicating that SSL techniques can learn highly effective representations that generalize well across different OOD datasets. This finding can have major implications for ECG-based arrhythmia detection. Lastly, to further analyze our results, we perform detailed per-disease studies on the performance of the SSL methods on the three datasets. |
7,504 | Please write an abstract with title: ASCELLA: Accelerating Sparse Computation by Enabling Stream Accesses to Memory, and key words: Sparse matrices, Field programmable gate arrays, Acceleration, Random access memory, Bandwidth, Hardware, Engines. Abstract: Sparse computations dominate a wide range of applications from scientific problems to graph analytics. The main characterization of sparse computations, indirect memory accesses, prevents them from effectively achieving high performance on general-purpose processors. Therefore, hardware accelerators have been proposed for sparse problems. For these accelerators, the storage format and the decompression mechanism is crucial but have seen less attention in prior work. To address this gap, we propose Ascella, an accelerator for sparse computations, which besides enabling a smooth stream of data and parallel computation, proposes a fast decompression mechanism. Our implementation on a ZYNQ FPGA shows that on average, Ascella executes sparse problems up to 5.1× as fast as prior work. |
7,505 | Please write an abstract with title: Partially decodable compression with static PPM, and key words: Decoding, Predictive models, History, Automata, Information science, Data structures, Testing, Indexing, Data compression. Abstract: Summary form only given. We propose a novel compression method, static PPM (SP), which supports partial decode (p-decode) with low memory and computation requirement. P-decode is a function that decodes data from an arbitrary position without decoding the whole, which is critical for exploiting large data in a compressed state. While conventional compression methods do not support p-decode, recent self-indexing data structures, such as compressed suffix arrays (CSA) (Sadakane, K., J. Algorithms, vol.48, no.2, p.294-313, 2003) and FM-index (Ferragina, P. and Manzini, G. Proc. ACM-SIAM SODA, p.269-78, 2001), support p-decode. However, they have to store the whole compressed data in memory, since the order of the data is not preserved after compression. This causes a serious problem when the compressed data is larger than memory size. In contrast, SP does not have to store compressed data in memory and, thus, is the first compression method that supports p-decode for very large compressed data. In order to show SP's high compression performance inherited from PPM and its p-decode performance, we compared SP, CSA, FM-index, gzip (with option -9) and bzip (with option -9) in terms of speed and compression ratio. The results show that SP achieves fast p-decode with high compression ratio. |
7,506 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance evaluation of directional MAC protocol for inter-vehicle communication, and key words: Media Access Protocol, Access protocols, Cities and towns, Directional antennas, Road transportation, Mobile communication, Ad hoc networks, Physical layer, Road vehicles, Wireless application protocol. Abstract: In this paper, the performance of directional MAC protocol, proposed in [T. Koriakis et al., June 2003], and IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol are compared for an inter-vehicle communication application. Actual vehicle movement in a city and highway road scenarios are used for simulating inter-vehicle communication among nodes in network simulator (ns-2). DMAC protocol was implemented in ns-2. The results obtained from simulations demonstrate the performance improvement of directional MAC protocol as compared to IEEE 802.11 MAC for inter-vehicle communication. |
7,507 | Please write an abstract with title: Symbolic Integration by Integrating Learning Models With Different Strengths and Weaknesses, and key words: Mathematical models, Earth Observing System, Transformers, Solid modeling, Deep learning, Computational modeling, Syntactics. Abstract: Integration is indispensable, not only in mathematics, but also in a wide range of other fields. A deep learning method has recently been developed and shown to be capable of integrating mathematical functions that could not previously be integrated on a computer. However, that method treats integration as equivalent to natural language translation and does not reflect mathematical information. In this study, we adjusted the learning model to take mathematical information into account and developed a wide range of learning models that learn the order of numerical operations more robustly. In this way, we achieved a 98.80% correct answer rate with symbolic integration, a higher rate than that of any existing method. We judged the correctness of the integration based on whether the derivative of the primitive function was consistent with the integrand. By building an integrated model based on this strategy, we achieved a 99.79% rate of correct answers with symbolic integration. In summary, we have developed a more accurate method of selecting the correct model than the existing method by judging the result of symbolic integration based on whether the output of the model equals the input formula when the output is differentiated. |
7,508 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Precipitation on Millimeter-Wave Backhaul Links for 5G Cellular Networks, and key words: Rain, Antenna measurements, Transmitting antennas, Attenuation measurement, Attenuation, Receiving antennas, Millimeter wave technology. Abstract: In this paper, real outdoor measurements were conducted to examine the performance of spatially separated 2×2 line-of-sight multiple-input multiple-output (LOS-MIMO) backhaul deployments at millimeter-wave frequency in city environment. The performance of the backhaul link transmission and received signal level are analyzed over a period in both sunny and rainy weather. We study the variations of signal propagation due to rain and compare the performance with theoretical rain model given by ITU. The impact of wet antenna attenuation and other uncertainties are analyzed based on the measurement data. |
7,509 | Please write an abstract with title: Artificial Intelligence in Electromagnetics [Guest Editorial], and key words: Special issues and sections, Artificial intelligence, Electromagnetics. Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) attributes a positive human quality (intelligence) to a machine, thus making it artificial. AI has the potential for "good" and "bad." This issue of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine (APM) offers three "good" review contributions updating readers on the applications of AI in our field of antennas and propagation (AP). The articles are briefly summarized. |
7,510 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel optical fiber dispersion monitor using optical single sideband modulation, and key words: Optical modulation, Optical fiber dispersion, Monitoring, Phase modulation, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Optical polarization, Amplitude modulation, Frequency, Optical feedback, Continuous phase modulation. Abstract: Summary form only given. We propose a novel method of GVD measurement using optical single sideband (SSB) modulation. In the proposed method, we alternate the sideband of the probe light between upper and lower frequency sides, and determine the GVD value from the phase shift induced by the alternation of the sideband. The accuracy and dynamic range of this method is high, and the sign as well as the absolute value of the GVD can be measured only from the output light without any extra procedures. |
7,511 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Dimensional Efficiency and Benefit Evaluation System of Operation Effect of Power Grid Project Cluster and Corresponding Application Prospect, and key words: Power transmission lines, Power supplies, Conferences, Wireless communication, Smart grids, Project management. Abstract: China's economy has entered a new normal, the growth rate of electricity has slowed, the reform of transmission and distribution prices has continued to deepen, and the operating pressure has continued to increase. In order to improve investment efficiency, it is urgent to implement scientific, stable and precise investment from the source, formulate a reasonable investment strategy, quantify the comprehensive benefits of multi-service integration, and achieve coordinated development with economy, society and energy. In this study, based on the relevant data of power grid projects, the index evaluation system of power grid project is established, and the efficiency and benefit valuation of operation effect of the project is carried out according to the two dimensions of the time length of operation and the function type, including guarantee of power supply, power supply of electric railway, strengthening of transmission channel, meeting power demand and optimization of grid structure. Then, the operation effect of the project cluster is analyzed and evaluated, which provides important support for the efficiency and benefit management of similar projects in the future. |
7,512 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduced-order averaged modeling of active-clamp converters, and key words: Switching converters, Clamps, DC-DC power converters, Switching frequency, Resonance, RLC circuits, Reduced order systems, Inductance, Numerical simulation, Frequency measurement. Abstract: Reduced-order averaged modeling and analysis of soft-switching dc-dc converters employing active clamping techniques are presented in this paper. A general modeling method based on time-scale separation of converter state variables is used to develop large-signal averaged models that accurately represent the converter dynamics up to half the switching frequency. The fast-changing resonant variables of the active clamping circuits are eliminated in the modeling process, resulting in reduced-order models that are much simpler than existing full-order models. A method is also presented to account for the effects of switching-frequency ripple on converter dynamics in the low-frequency region. A transformer-coupled active-clamp single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) is studied in detail to demonstrate the application of the method. Numerical simulation and experimental measurement of frequency responses of a experimental SEPIC converter are presented to validate the developed models. Additionally, an active-clamp flyback converter is briefly studied to demonstrate the general applicability of the method to other active-clamp converter topologies. |
7,513 | Please write an abstract with title: Peak Shaving Model for Coordinated Hydro-Wind-Solar System Serving Local and Multiple Receiving Power Grids via HVDC Transmission Lines, and key words: HVDC transmission, Power grids, Hydroelectric power generation, Wind forecasting, Wind power generation, Reservoirs, Load modeling. Abstract: To meet the rapid growth of electricity demand and reduce carbon intensity, China is developing renewable energies rapidly including hydropower, wind and solar power. Due to the geographical mismatch of energy sources and demands in China, many long-distance and large-scale UHVDC and HVDC transmission projects have been built to transmit electric power from the western renewable bases to eastern coastal load centers. Some provincial power sources serve both local demands and deliver power to multiple regional power grids via HVDC transmission lines. As large capacity HVDC power transmission projects have great impacts on receiving-end power grids. Thus, the local exporting power grid should consider both local demands and energy importing area demands. A mixed-integer linear programming day-ahead peak shaving model to minimize the peak-valley difference in residual load after renewable generation of multiple power grids is developed. The model uses chance constraints to compensate for forecast errors of wind and solar power with hydropower, and introduces maximum daily power regulation times and stair-like power curve constraints of HVDC tie lines to avoid frequent HVDC power change and ensure power grid safety. The case studies in Yunnan province, which has large scale hydro, wind and solar power sources and delivers power to multiple regional power grids via HVDC transmission lines, shows the proposed model can shave peaks from multiple power grids effectively, hydropower can compensate for wind and solar forecast error and obtain satisfying results for multiple power grids, and that HVDC constraints can avoid their frequent power change and ensure the power grid safety. |
7,514 | Please write an abstract with title: I2MB: Intelligent Immersive Multimedia Broadcast in Next-Generation Cellular Networks, and key words: Videos, Streaming media, Resource management, Encoding, Cellular networks, Synchronization, Radio transmitters. Abstract: The popularity of immersive multimedia content is prevalent and the consumption of 360° videos is increasing rapidly in varied domains. The broadcast of such content in cellular networks will be challenging in terms of dynamic content adaptation and efficient resource allocation to serve heterogeneous consumers. In this work, we propose an intelligent immersive new radio multimedia broadcast multicast system (NR-MBMS), I2MB, for next-generation cellular networks. I2MB intelligently forecasts the users’ viewing angle and the 360° video tiles to be broadcast beforehand using long short-term memory network. We define broadcast areas by using modified K-means clustering. The complex multivariable optimization problem that integrates efficient adaptive 360-degree video encoding and tiled broadcast using optimized transmission parameters is defined as as a Markov decision process (MDP). In a dense urban scenario with a large MBSFN (multimedia broadcast multicast service single frequency network) synchronization area, the state and action space dimensionality is very high, in which the solution is obtained by using deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm. I2MB incorporates deep reinforcement learning based radio resource allocation (modulation-coding scheme and frequency-time resource blocks) and tiled video encoding to maximize the viewport video quality experienced by the broadcast mobile users. I2MB provides improved immersive video broadcast streaming quality while serving a higher number of mobile users. Adaptive encoding of 360° video tiles and radio resource allocation are performed based on users’ forecasted viewing angle, spatial distribution, channel conditions, and service request. The performance evaluation of our proposed scheme, I2MB, shows considerable gains in viewport quality (46.83%) and number of users served (30.52%), over a recent state-of-the-art method VRCAST. |
7,515 | Please write an abstract with title: Realizing Large Shape Deformations of a Flying Continuum Robot With a Passive Rotating Nozzle Unit That Enlarges Jet Directions in Three-Dimensional Space, and key words: Robots, Force, Shape, Strain, Three-dimensional displays, Pneumatic systems, Hoses. Abstract: Flexible continuum robots have considerable potential for use in exploring intricate spaces, and their ability to make large body shape deformations can increase the inspection area. We previously proposed a jet-actuated flying continuum robot for extinguishing fires. The main challenge in implementing large shape deformations is accommodating the twisting of the body that results from the deformation. To address this problem, we proposed a two-dimensional passive rotating nozzle unit that can expand the directionality of net force against torsion; however, it has not yet been tested on a flying robot. In this study, we achieved the large shape deformations of a jet-actuated flying continuum robot using an improved passive rotating nozzle unit that can handle three-dimensional (3D) force. First, we developed a model of the improved nozzle unit and confirmed that the unit can increase the net force direction. Herein, the design strategy for the rotary damper to handle the instability that arises from motor limitations is discussed. The stabilized flight controller was applied to a continuum robot with the nozzle unit. Simulation results showed that the 2 m robot could perform large head bends (from 0° to 135°). Although the previous fixed nozzle unit twisted by approximately 40°, which made the extra movable range of the nozzles effectively zero, the proposed nozzle unit maintained the movable range to avoid twisting. We experimentally confirmed that the nozzle unit can expand the direction of the 3D net force, and that a large shape bending of approximately ±90° can be achieved using a 1.6 m flying robot. |
7,516 | Please write an abstract with title: Speech-Based Depression Prediction Using Encoder-Weight-Only Transfer Learning and a Large Corpus, and key words: Conferences, Transfer learning, Signal processing algorithms, Estimation, Signal processing, Performance gain, Depression. Abstract: Speech-based algorithms have gained interest for the management of behavioral health conditions such as depression. We explore a speech-based transfer learning approach that uses a lightweight encoder and that transfers only the encoder weights, enabling a simplified run-time model. Our study uses a large data set containing roughly two orders of magnitude more speakers and sessions than used in prior work. The large data set enables reliable estimation of improvement from transfer learning. Results for the prediction of PHQ-8 labels show up to 27% relative performance gains for binary classification; these gains are statistically significant with a p-value close to zero. Improvements were also found for regression. Additionally, the gain from transfer learning does not appear to require strong source task performance. Results suggest that this approach is flexible and offers promise for efficient implementation. |
7,517 | Please write an abstract with title: Signal Authentication against Spoofing Attacks on Aircraft Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Signals, and key words: Radio frequency, Phase measurement, Protocols, Pulse measurements, Surveillance, Simulation, Authentication. Abstract: Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) transmissions from aircrafts are one of the most important signals for passive surveillance and monitoring of aircraft movements. The possibility of monitoring them from space has significantly increased their utility. However, these transmissions are not encrypted and follow well-established protocols. These features make the transmissions vulnerable to various attacks, spoofing attack being the most complex and dangerous. The present paper proposes a methodology for authenticating the ADS-B transmission based on the transmitted signal's RF domain spatial characteristics, i.e., by the measurement of the elevation of the signal. A 3-antennaPhase Interferometer in z-direction is used for accurate elevation measurement of the genuine ADS-B signal and the spoofing signal on a pulse-by-pulse basis. Ambiguity resolution of the measured modulo 2π phase measurements is detailed and simulation results presented for the achievable accuracy. |
7,518 | Please write an abstract with title: Two-Port Network Analysis of Equal Fractional-order Wireless Power Transfer Circuit, and key words: Wireless communication, Network topology, Wireless power transfer, Stability analysis, Topology, Safety, Power generation. Abstract: Wireless power transfer (WPT) has been widely employed in many applications. Its advantages have added more safety and ease in various medical, industrial, and electrical applications. This paper investigates the two-port network concept in the analysis of the fractional-Order WPT circuit. A general expression for the WPT efficiency as a function of two-port network parameters is derived. It is represented in terms of the transmission matrix parameters of a generalized Two-Port network. The analysis is performed on both Series-Series (SS) and Series-Parallel (SP) topologies. The best efficiency is then found by trying different values of frequency and load. The efficiency is simulated and investigated analytically and numerically on a SS and SP topology. In this paper, the SP topology's efficiency and performance are found to be better than the SS topology, applying equal fractional-order, which is in this paper equals 0.9. |
7,519 | Please write an abstract with title: Internal reference method for the study of upconversion luminescence of nanoparticle suspensions, and key words: Nanoparticles, Integrated optics, Measurement by laser beam, Luminescence, Laser excitation, Adaptive optics, Optical scattering. Abstract: This paper presents a new internal reference method for studying the upconversion luminescence of nanoparticle suspensions. The method provides correct analysis and comparison of luminescent signals obtained under different conditions. For excitation of the signal it is proposed to use the radiation of optical parametric oscillator at two wavelengths in order to simultaneously excite the upconversion luminescence of nanoparticles and the Raman signal of the medium in the Stokes region. Raman signal plays role of internal reference which allows to eliminate the influence of the instability of excitation intensity, inaccuracy of experimental setup adjustment etc. on the result of measurements. |
7,520 | Please write an abstract with title: Effective Magnetic-Nonius Onload Tap Changer Stabilizer for High Power Medium Voltage Lines, and key words: Switches, Magnetomechanical effects, Windings, Magnetic flux, Thyristors, Magnetosphere, Voltage control. Abstract: Ac low voltage stabilizers with thyristor-based onload tap-changers are effective and cover 300 VA to 300 kVA applications. Among the solutions to reduce the internal short-circuit derived from the make-before-break changes, the multiwinding coil for years has proven to be reliable. This article shows a new operating mode of the coil that allows extra output voltages from every tap-switch using a magnetically coupled Nonius. The number of main taps is greatly reduced allowing, in a typical 10 MVA 34.5 kV line tap-changer, to save 33% of the cost of thyristors compared to the previous best solution without Nonius. In total, 29 voltage states can be obtained with only eight main taps and six auxiliary small Nonius taps per phase. Medium voltage stabilizers up to 36 MVA can be implemented using standard phase control thyristors with no series, nor parallel, association. Simulations and physical tests, controlled by digital signal processor, show that the new Nonius operating mode of the coil does not penalize the current rate of the switches, nor the flux of the coil core. Thus, magnetic-Nonius tap-changers achieve cost-effective stabilization with the fine regulation obtained by mechanical solutions with many taps. |
7,521 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of egocentric navigation methods, and key words: Navigation, Human robot interaction, Mechanical engineering, Computer simulation, Guidelines, Animals, Path planning, Motion planning. Abstract: In describing routes humans make use of egocentric references to landmarks. In this paper two different egocentric navigation algorithms are introduced and possible variations of these algorithms are compared. These algorithms make use of solely angular distribution information of landmarks around the robot. Possible improvements and uses of these algorithms are discussed. In the evaluation of these algorithms computer simulations are used. The result of this work is expected to provide pointers for the ongoing research which aims to address navigation of robots based on qualitative interaction between humans and robots. |
7,522 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Critical Race-Free State Assignment Technique for Asynchronous Finite State Machines, and key words: Automata, State feedback, Encoding, Hazards, Signal synthesis, Logic, Circuit synthesis, Asynchronous circuits, Delay, Output feedback. Abstract: This paper proposes an efficient critical race-free state assignment technique for Asynchronous Finite State Machines. Instead of using the Huffman model, it operates indirectly on the State Graph (SG) model, in which all signals are treated uniformedly and hazards can be characterized as a violation of the complete state coding (CSC) property. The proposed state assignment technique first detects CSC violations and then eliminates them using a modified greedy graph coloring heuristic. |
7,523 | Please write an abstract with title: Dual Attention Multi-Instance Deep Learning for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis With Structural MRI, and key words: Feature extraction, Diseases, Pathology, Deep learning, Medical diagnosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Grey matter. Abstract: Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) is widely used for the brain neurological disease diagnosis, which could reflect the variations of brain. However, due to the local brain atrophy, only a few regions in sMRI scans have obvious structural changes, which are highly correlative with pathological features. Hence, the key challenge of sMRI-based brain disease diagnosis is to enhance the identification of discriminative features. To address this issue, we propose a dual attention multi-instance deep learning network (DA-MIDL) for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal stage mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Specifically, DA-MIDL consists of three primary components: 1) the Patch-Nets with spatial attention blocks for extracting discriminative features within each sMRI patch whilst enhancing the features of abnormally changed micro-structures in the cerebrum, 2) an attention multi-instance learning (MIL) pooling operation for balancing the relative contribution of each patch and yield a global different weighted representation for the whole brain structure, and 3) an attention-aware global classifier for further learning the integral features and making the AD-related classification decisions. Our proposed DA-MIDL model is evaluated on the baseline sMRI scans of 1689 subjects from two independent datasets (i.e., ADNI and AIBL). The experimental results show that our DA-MIDL model can identify discriminative pathological locations and achieve better classification performance in terms of accuracy and generalizability, compared with several state-of-the-art methods. |
7,524 | Please write an abstract with title: Portable Congenital Glaucoma Detection System, and key words: Cornea, Visual communication, Image processing, Size measurement, Optical imaging, Mobile applications, Diseases. Abstract: Congenital glaucoma is an eye disease caused by embryonic developmental disorders, which damages the optic nerve. In this demo paper, we proposed a portable non-contact congenital glaucoma detection system, which can evaluate the condition of children's eyes by measuring the cornea size using the developed mobile application. The system consists of two modules viz. cornea identification module and diagnosis module. This system can be utilized by everyone with a smartphone, which is of wider application. It can be used as a convenient home self-examination tool for children in the large-scale screening of congenital glaucoma. The demo video of the proposed detection system is available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14728854.v1. |
7,525 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Construction of Personalized Intelligent Recommendation Platform for National Reading Empowered by Blockchain, and key words: Conferences, Biological system modeling, Libraries, Blockchains, Safety, Resource management. Abstract: Combining the prominent features of the blockchain and leveraging the key technologies of the blockchain to empower the construction of a nationwide reading recommendation platform, it is of great significance to actively promote the integrated development of the blockchain and the economy and society, and comprehensively promote the high-quality development of national reading in the new era. The construction of a national reading recommendation platform empowered by blockchain technology mainly includes four subsystems: user management, resource management, smart reading and reading evaluation. Transforming into a “demand-determining service” model, providing personalized and precise services based on reading traces, collection preferences, etc., on the basis of safety, openness, cooperation, and order, providing a good ecological cycle for continuous reading, continuous creation, and lifelong learning for the whole people system. |
7,526 | Please write an abstract with title: Motor Rehabilitation of Children with Multiple Disabilities: a Methodological Proposal Based on Robotic Assistants, Simulation and Uncertain Reasoning, and key words: Pathology, Conferences, Tools, Cognition, Proposals, Robots. Abstract: One of the most common disabilities in childhood is Cerebral Palsy (CP). This condition is strongly related to intrauterine pathologies, intrapartum complications, and the postnatal sequel. An important percentage of children with CP can present intellectual disability and motor impairments. For these reasons, it is essential providing early intervention plans for children with this pathology. However, nowadays in Ecuador, there are not exist tools to engage and motivate children performing rehabilitation activities through robotic assistants. To this aim, we present a methodological intervention proposal that uses robotic assistants, simulation environments (for practitioners and students), and uncertain reasoning controllers. During the robot's preliminary validation, we have obtained encouraging results in both laboratory tests and in the interaction with 43 experts. |
7,527 | Please write an abstract with title: Determination of lamb wave dispersion data in lossy anisotropic plates using time domain finite element analysis. Part II: application to 2-2 and 1-3 piezoelectric composite transducer arrays, and key words: Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Time domain analysis, Finite element methods, Piezoelectric transducers, Optical materials, Optical arrays, Optical losses, Geometrical optics, Optical detectors, Periodic structures. Abstract: The use of finite element modeling, combined with optical generation and detection of Lamb waves in plate structures, was extended to encompass periodic ceramic-polymer materials typical of those encountered in 1-3 and 2-2 piezoelectric composite array transducers. The resultant dispersion data was employed to predict the occurrence of Lamb wave-induced cross talk in composite monolithic arrays. The finite element modeling method was then used to simulate the dispersion behavior of two array structures that were subsequently manufactured: a 1-D 45% volume fraction linear array coupon and a 2-D 35% volume fraction array coupon. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment was obtained using impedance measurements and laser scans of the surface displacement profile at selected frequencies. Regions of strong inter-element cross-coupling were identified and these are shown to correlate very well with the dispersion data obtained for the dual-phase plate material. This work is considered to provide a useful basis for the design of wideband monolithic composite arrays and minimization of guided wave propagation along the array substrate. |
7,528 | Please write an abstract with title: Cooperative Lunar Surface Exploration using Transfer Learning with Multi-Agent Visual Teach and Repeat, and key words: Multi-Agent Systems, Visual Teach and Repeat, Autonomous Navigation, Planetary Exploration. Abstract: From in-situ resource utilization to lunar habitation and rocket launch sites, autonomous robots will play a large role in supporting the infrastructure and development of permanent habitation on the Moon's surface. Current perception, localization, and path planning algorithms provide mobility to autonomous robots at the cost of heavy computation and data volume, expensive sensors, and communication limited by latency and volume. This paper aims to introduce an extension to traditional teach-and-repeat algorithms which use a teleoperation learning phase to inform an autonomous repetition phase. Rather than a single robot repeating a previously explored path, we explore the performance of a heterogenous robotic system sharing pathing data amongst different agents. A transfer-learning based teach-and-repeat system provides flexible and scalable mobility to a swarm of robots. Monocular image feed and basic odometry data is shared between robots for traversal. This research paves the way towards synchronous multi-agent algorithms that are lightweight and scalable for repetitive navigation tasks. The results show the performance of transfer teach-and-repeat algorithms across terrains of varied topological conditions, path characteristics (length, angle change, elevation gain, hazard level), and the characteristics of the repeat robots in a simulated environment. The goal of this work is to create a distributed system that will enable the mobility of robots designed for tasks beyond exploration such as mining and construction. |
7,529 | Please write an abstract with title: An O(N) modular algorithm for the dynamic simulation of robots constrained by a single contact, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Parallel robots, Topology, Orbital robotics, Manipulator dynamics, Time varying systems, Payloads, End effectors, System testing. Abstract: This paper presents an efficient modular algorithm for the dynamic simulation of robots constrained through a single contact. Such configurations include single robots with closed-loop topologies, as well as, multiple robots with simple series, parallel, and bracing topologies. The modular nature of the algorithm enables the incorporation of existing open-chain models for the individual robots without significant reprogramming, while a general contact model extends the range of possible contact conditions to include both holonomic and nonholonomic constraints. The algorithm is validated through the simulation of two robots cooperating in parallel. This paper establishes an accurate framework for simulating simple robot systems with single contacts, which can be extended to multi-robot, multi-contact systems performing general tasks. |
7,530 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-Supervised Learning With a Dual-Branch ResNet for Hyperspectral Image Classification, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Fuses, Geoscience and remote sensing, Feature extraction, Data mining, Task analysis. Abstract: Deep learning methods have made considerable progress in many fields, but most of them rely on a large amount of sample. In the hyperspectral image (HSI) classification task, many unlabeled data and few labeled data exist, so it is necessary to use a small number of training samples to achieve good results. In this letter, in order to fuse spectral and spatial information, a dual-branch residual neural network (ResNet) is proposed, with one branch for extracting spectral features and one branch for extracting patch features. Further, according to the properties of the HSI, self-supervised learning training methods are designed for these two branches. When spectral information is used for training, the image is artificially divided into several parts, with each part being a category for the classification task. When patch features are used for training, the task is to recover the spectral information of the intermediate pixels. After the pretext task training is completed, a pre-training weight will be provided for classification task training. Experiments with a small number of samples of two public datasets show that this method has better classification performance than existing methods. |
7,531 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-Orthogonality and Amplitude Mismatch of Vertical Hall Based Angular Sensors Due to In-Plane Shear Stress, and key words: Semiconductor device measurement, Crystals, CMOS technology, Numerical simulation, Sensors, Finite element analysis, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: We report on the influence of in-plane shear stress on the output of CMOS vertical Hall devices (VHD) and co-integrated stress sensors implemented in standard 180 nm CMOS technology. Experimental investigations on a torsional bridge setup for an angular sensor frontend with VHD orientations along (110) crystal directions resulted in values of 16.6 degrees of non-orthogonality error per 100 MPa of shear stress. Similarly, with VHD orientations along (100) a relative amplitude change of 16.5% was observed. The results are in agreement with values obtained from FEM numerical simulations. |
7,532 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Mobile User Authentication Service with Privacy Preservation and User Untraceability, and key words: Human computer interaction, Cloud computing, Authentication, Security, Servers, General Data Protection Regulation, Password. Abstract: Security questions and answers for authentication are a common approach to enable the user to reset forgotten passwords. Moreover, they are also sometimes used as alternative for the classical username-password system, which fails in offering a good balance between user friendliness and security as long and complex passwords are required. However, in order to guarantee the privacy of the user as imposed by the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), it should be impossible to derive the answer of the user by any other entity, including the server provider or the server managing the authentication.In this paper, we present an efficient mobile based security mechanism to realise this goal. The proposed scheme can be applied on top of any type of question-answer based authentication system. In addition, our solution also offers anonymity and untraceability of the user, such that no activity patterns can be drawn by simply eavesdropping on the communication channel to the service provider or the authentication server. We show that our proposed mechanism not only offers more security features compared to related work, but it is also significantly faster, in particular at the side of the user. |
7,533 | Please write an abstract with title: Hacking CCTV by changing time, and key words: Access control, Law enforcement, Surveillance, Linux, Tools, Lead, Cameras. Abstract: “Now” is the future of the past; it is also the past of the future. The creation of time is only in our mind and in any system. As most computer systems rely on only one timeline to sequence the log and video, this paper explores the possibility of altering the recording function in a typical network video recorder through a Network Time Protocol (NTP) attack. The attack consists of an NTP redirection router and a local time server. If an attacker changes the recording time as the crime occurs, can the law enforcement notice the crime? This paper focuses on this weak point in the CCTV system. Video Summary: https://youtu.be/xzT9ELlA6RA |
7,534 | Please write an abstract with title: Expanding Data Encoding Patterns For Quantum Algorithms, and key words: Computers, Quantum algorithm, Runtime, Software architecture, Conferences, Qubit, Loading. Abstract: As quantum computers are based on the laws of quantum mechanics, they are capable of solving certain problems faster than their classical counterparts. However, often algorithms which a theoretical speed-up assume that data can be loaded efficiently. In general, the runtime complexity of the loading routine depends on (i) the data encoding that defines how the data is represented and (ii) the data itself. In some cases, loading the data requires at least exponential time which destroys a potential speed-up. And especially for the first generation of devices that are currently available, the resources (qubits and operations) needed to encode the data are limited. Therefore, understanding the consequences of a particular data encoding is crucial. To capture knowledge about different encodings, we present two data encoding patterns that extend our previous collection of encoding patterns [1]. |
7,535 | Please write an abstract with title: Adapting Power Electronics to the Flipped Classroom for Internationalisation, and key words: Education, Tools, Power electronics, Software, Hardware, Internet, Online services. Abstract: The goal of the work explained in this paper consists of bringing both the students and the lecturers the methods used in the flipped classroom and the online classes, showing all the procedures used in making the videos of the subject Power Electronics. Firstly, the different frameworks used today for taking online classes: Skype, Google Meet (Hangouts), Zoom and Microsoft Teams, among others. After that, the hardware and software necessary for making a basic studio without losing functionality compared to something more professional will be shown to make good quality content. Once the studio is detailed, there will be a focus on showing how the YouTube platform works for sharing video classes, showing the different tools this platform provides. Finally, the content made in the form of a presentation using the Notion framework is shown. Notion lets people create a portfolio/webpage to show our work all together in only one link. |
7,536 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Loss Model Control for Robustness and Efficiency Improvement of Induction Motor Drives, and key words: Induction motors, Rotors, Stators, Robustness, Bandwidth, Torque, Hysteresis motors. Abstract: Indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) can provide an excellent dynamic response in three-phase induction motor drives and is widely used in the industry. Still, as a considerable part of the electrical energy is used to drive motors, intense research has been carried out to reduce the energy consumption of the induction motor drives and improve their efficiency. In this article, a high-efficiency smooth IFOC (SIFOC) scheme is proposed and implemented experimentally with improved current controllers and the loss model control (LMC) technique, which achieves up to 41% reduction in energy consumption compared to the traditional IFOC approach. The main contribution is the new adaptive LMC (ALMC) control scheme, which includes two recursive adaptation algorithms to minimize the LMC technique sensitivity to the variation of the motor parameters. The algorithms are derived considering the model reference adaptive system concept and both active and reactive power to estimate the stator and rotor bandwidths, which are used to update the ALMC controller. The SIFOC-ALMC approach is verified experimentally, with up to 7.2% energy saving compared to SIFOC-LMC. Moreover, since the traditional IFOC controller is sensitive to rotor bandwidth variation, estimating this parameter improves the robustness of the SIFOC drive system. |
7,537 | Please write an abstract with title: Blockchain-Based Authentication and Registration Mechanism for SIP-Based VoIP Systems, and key words: Privacy, Smart contracts, Authentication, Encoding, Blockchains, Encryption, Security. Abstract: The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is the principal signalling protocol in Voice over IP (VoIP) systems, responsible for initialising, terminating, and maintaining sessions amongst call parties. However, the problem with the SIP protocol is that it was not designed to be secure by nature as the HTTP digest authentication used in SIP is insecure, making it vulnerable to a variety of attacks. The current solutions rely on several standardised encryption protocols, such as TLS and IPsec, to protect SIP registration messages. However, the current centralised solutions do not scale well and cause algorithm overload when encoding and decoding SIP messages. In trying to rectify this issue, we propose in this paper a blockchain-based lightweight authentication mechanism, which involves a decentralised identity model to authenticate the SIP client to the SIP server. Our mechanism uses a smart contract on the Ethereum blockchain to ensure trust, accountability and preserves user privacy. We provided a proof-of-concept implementation to demonstrate our work. Further analysis of this approach's usability, mainly CPU and memory usage, was conducted comparing to IPsec and TLS. Then we discussed our system's security and presented a security analysis. Our analysis proves that our approach satisfies the SIP protocol security requirements. |
7,538 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid for Residential Applications, and key words: Microgrids, Buildings, Hybrid power systems, Power systems, Architecture, Power electronics, Curve fitting. Abstract: In this paper, we present the architecture and feasibility analysis of a hybrid AC/DC microgrid for residential applications. Although AC is ruling the building distribution architecture for years, however now DC is also appearing as a strong contestant due to a) large penetration of solar PV in residential power networks, b) decreasing prices of battery storage and c) market availability of highly efficient DC loads. Adding an extra DC distribution layer in conjunction with the existing AC distribution can reduce overall losses in the path of power flow from the source end to the load end. Therefore, we propose a hybrid AC/DC microgrid capable of driving AC loads through AC power and DC loads through DC power, thereby minimizing AC/DC interconversion losses. The interlinking AC/DC converter in the proposed architecture allows bi-directional power transformation between AC and DC sub-grids, thereby, enables efficient resource utilization. The framework for the analysis of distribution and power electronic interconversion losses is presented. For a typical urban household load variations, a fair comparison among AC-only, DC-only, and hybrid AC/DC microgrid suggests that hybrid AC/DC microgrid can significantly enhance the efficiency of residential power systems. |
7,539 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiobjective U-Shaped Disassembly Line Balancing Problem Considering Human Fatigue Index and an Efficient Solution, and key words: Task analysis, Workstations, Fatigue, Layout, Indexes, Mathematical models, Costs. Abstract: The progress of science and technology speeds up the replacement of products and produces a large number of end-of-life products. Traditional incineration causes a waste of resources and pollution to the environment. Disassembling and recycling end-of-life products are the recommended way to maximize the utilization of resources and reduce environmental pollution. Disassembly performance is affected by many factors, such as the disassembly posture of the human body, the fatigue of workers on a workstation, disassembly profit, and task precedence relationship. In this article, a mixed integer linear programming mathematical model for U-shaped layout disassembly line balancing problems is developed, in which the balance of workers’ fatigue indices is an optimization objective in addition to disassembly profits. An efficient solution to the problem that uses a collaborative resource allocation strategy of the multiobjective evolutionary algorithm is proposed. The linear programming solver CPLEX is used to verify the accuracy of the model and compared with the proposed algorithm. Experiments demonstrate that the algorithm is significantly superior to the CPLEX solver in handling large-scale cases. The proposed algorithm is also compared with two well-known algorithms, which further verifies its superiority. |
7,540 | Please write an abstract with title: A new control methodology toward advanced teleoperation of master-slave robot systems, and key words: Control systems, Master-slave, Force control, Robot sensing systems, Servomechanisms, Stability analysis, Asymptotic stability, Humans, Arm, Manuals. Abstract: A new type of bilateral servo controller for a master-slave robot system (MSRS) is proposed through the stability analysis based on the Liapunov theory. This controller is easily implementable and assures the asymptotic stability in a sense that just after the human operator leaves hold of the joystick, the position of the tip of slave arm asymptotically approaches the position of the joystick of master arm and eventually coincides with it, even if each of master and slave arms has a different structure and complex nonlinear dynamics. It possesses some remarkable functions indispensable for advanced teleoperation systems and consists of three control modes, viz. manual operation mode, force feedback control mode, and hybrid control mode, each of which is selected to use according to the substance of tasks. The performance of teleoperation under each control mode is comparatively examined by referring to experimental results. |
7,541 | Please write an abstract with title: Large Range Dynamic Phase Extraction of Extrinsic Fabry-Pérot Interferometric Sensors Using Phase-step Insensitive FM-PSI, and key words: Fabry-Perot interferometer, Fiber-optic sensor, Multiplexing, Phase demodulation, Tunable laser. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a phase-step insensitive frequency modulated phase shifting interferometry (FM-PSI) for large range dynamic phase extraction of extrinsic Fabry-Pérot (F-P) interferometric sensors. A modulated grating Y-branch (MG-Y) laser is employed to achieve fast and programmable phase shifting. In order to extend the dynamic range of the conventional quadrature phase demodulation scheme, it is necessary to consider the real-time dynamic changes of the phase shift step, reflected light intensity, and interference contrast when the cavity length changes over a wide range. Herein, we introduce equal phase difference by fast switching of four optical frequencies with fixed frequency intervals, and calibrate the laser injection current to keep the output power at different optical frequencies consistent, thereby mitigating the influence of light intensity modulation effect. Combined with the 4-step Carré algorithm, fast and large dynamic range phase demodulation is realized while the initial cavity length and phase shift step are unknown. Furthermore, the proposed FM-PSI serves as an ideal choice for the simultaneous measurement of multi-channel dynamic interferometric sensors. Simulation and experimental results show that the technique can detect large-amplitude vibrations and monitor multi-dimensional dynamic displacements. |
7,542 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-SIM Support in 5G Evolution: Challenges and Opportunities, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Quality of service, 3GPP, Reliability, Communication standards. Abstract: Devices with multiple SIM cards are expected to prevail over the conventional devices with only one SIM. Despite the growing demand for such devices, only proprietary solutions are available so far. To fill this gap, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is aiming at the development of a unified cross-platform solution for multi-SIM device coordination. This article extends the technical discussion and investigation of the 3GPP solutions for improving mobile terminated (MT) service delivery to multi-SIM devices. Implementation trade-offs, impact on quality of service, and possible future directions in 3GPP are outlined. |
7,543 | Please write an abstract with title: Emotion Recognition Method Based on EEG in Few Channels, and key words: Training, Emotion recognition, Wearable computers, Transforms, Feature extraction, Brain modeling, Electroencephalography. Abstract: EEG acquired by wearable devices can effectively monitor human emotion. Some traditional methods based on some artificial designed features and deep learning technology have achieved good results in emotion recognition based on the EEG signals. However, in the actual experimental process, there are still some problems, such as the high number of channels, the feature redundancy and so on. These challenges hinder the application of the emotion recognition in portable wearable devices. This paper proposes a 4-channel method to achieve the classification accuracy in more channels (62 channels in SEED dataset and 14 channels in our dataset). In this paper, a parallel signal processing method, which is based on the intrinsic time scale decomposition (ITD), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), variational mode decomposition (VMD) and phase space reconstruction(PSR), is proposed to obtain more modes of signals. The differential entropy for each mode is extracted as the feature, and the linear dynamic system is used to smooth the feature. Based on the artificial features, this paper designs a simple CNN model with fewer parameters to complete the classification task. It also applies this method to SEED dataset and our own dataset, and carries out three types of experiments. Experimental results show that the average accuracy of the method in 4 channels can reach the performance of more channels. Due to the versatility of this method, it is expected to be more widely used in wearable devices with weak computing power under 4 channels. |
7,544 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast Prediction of a Worker’s Reaching Motion Without a Skeleton Model (F-PREMO), and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Sensors, Skeleton, Robot kinematics, Collaborative work, Service robots. Abstract: This paper proposes a fast and highly accurate prediction method for the reaching motions performed by a worker in cooperative work with a robot, called fast prediction of reaching motion (F-PREMO). Cooperative work is permitted by a 2011 ISO revision under the condition that risk assessment has been performed. To increase production effectivity, it is essential to predict the worker's movement and control the robot based on the prediction. This paper focuses on the movement of a worker's hand, called the reaching motion, which is relevant to many types of assembling tasks. The most common existing methods require attaching markers to the workers or installing three-dimensional (3D) sensors in front of the workers since these methods require the real-time estimation of skeleton models of the workers. These requirements lead to difficulties in introducing prediction methods at production sites. To solve this problem, we propose a prediction method for the reaching motion that neither requires the attachment of markers nor limits the placement of the 3D sensor. The proposed method first computes a feature vector of the reaching motion and then performs the prediction using random forest with the computed feature vector as input. Experimental results show that the proposed method can predict the reaching motion from the initial 50% of the movement of the worker with more than 80% accuracy in less than 5.2 [ms]. |
7,545 | Please write an abstract with title: Sliding Mode Control of the Semi-active Hover Backpack Based on the Bioinspired Skyhook Damper Model, and key words: Target tracking, Biological system modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Conferences, Force, Dynamics, Shock absorbers. Abstract: It is inevitable for human to bear the gravitational and inertial force when carrying loads. The impact force exerted on human body is originated from the inertial force which can increase the energy expenditure and cause injury to human body. This paper proposes a semi-active hover backpack with controllable air damper to minimize the inertial force. The skyhook damper model of hover backpack is established which is the dynamic target of the practical backpack. Sliding mode control is designed to eliminate the tracking error and the effectiveness of the control method is analyzed. Simulation and experiment are conducted and comparative results are stated. The results demonstrate that the semi-active hover backpack with sliding mode control can reduce the inertial force. |
7,546 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Wireless Power Distribution Communication Network Planning Method Based on Planning of Energy Consumption Optimizing, and key words: Wireless communication, Energy consumption, Base stations, Correlation, Simulation, Power distribution, Reliability engineering. Abstract: In distribution communication network, network energy consumption and coverage are a group of contradictory indicators. In this paper, a distribution communication network planning method based on energy consumption optimization is proposed. The method aims at subordinating base stations to constitute a distribution wireless communication network with low energy consumption and high coverage, by establishing a multi-objective optimization model; and the method obtains the optimal solution of the model by using heterogeneous planning algorithm. The simulation results show that the base station subordinate scheme can not only ensure the high coverage of the terminal, but also ensure that the network can be at a low level. |
7,547 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication and repair of ion source components in the 80 keV neutral beam lines for DIII-D, and key words: Fabrication, Ion sources, Rails, Steel, Bellows, Probes, Plasma accelerators, Fingers, Ion accelerators, Plasma materials processing. Abstract: After eight years of operation, leaks began to develop in critical components of the ion sources of the 80 keV neutral beam lines in DIII-D. Operational adjustments were made that seemed to remedy the problems, but five years later leaks began occurring again, this time with greater frequency. Failures occurred in the stainless steel bellows and molybdenum rails of the grid rail modules as well as in the Langmuir probes. Failure analyses identified several root causes of the leaks and operational adjustments were again made to mitigate the problems, but the rash of failures depleted the program's supply of spare grid rail modules and probes and removed one of the ion sources from regular operation. Fifteen years after their original fabrication, the ion source components were no longer commercially available. In 2001 a program was initiated to fabricate new grid rail modules, including new molybdenum grid rails, bellows, and stainless steel grid rail holders, as well as new Langmuir probes. In parallel, components removed from service due to leaks were to be repaired with new rails and bellows and returned to service. An overview of the root causes of the service failures is offered, details of the repair processes are described, and a summary and evaluation of the fabrication procedures for the new molybdenum rails, grid modules, and Langmuir probes are given. |
7,548 | Please write an abstract with title: MMSE frequency-domain equalization combined with space-time transmit diversity and antenna receive diversity for DS-CDMA, and key words: Receiving antennas, Transmitting antennas, Multiaccess communication, Diversity reception, Bit error rate, Downlink, Mean square error methods, Performance evaluation, Computer simulation, Degradation. Abstract: DS-CDMA transmission performance can be improved with minimum mean square error frequency-domain equalization (MMSE-FDE) compared to the use of coherent rake combining. In this paper, to achieve a further performance improvement, combined use of space-time transmit diversity (STTD) and antenna receive diversity is applied. The bit error rate (BER) performances of DS-CDMA downlink and uplink are evaluated by computer simulation. It is confirmed that the use of STTD and antenna receive diversity combined with MMSE-FDE is very effective to improve the BER performance. When STTD/receive diversity is used at both base and mobile stations, both uplink and downlink have almost the same BER performance for small number U of users. As U increases, the uplink performance degrades and exhibits BER floors due to large multiuser interference (MUI). However, the uplink BER floor When U=16 can be reduced to around 2/spl times/10/sup -3/ when the spreading factor of SF=64 is used. |
7,549 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D Scene Compression through Entropy Penalized Neural Representation Functions, and key words: Visualization, Image coding, Three-dimensional displays, Bit rate, Neural networks, Receivers, Media. Abstract: Some forms of novel visual media enable the viewer to explore a 3D scene from essentially arbitrary viewpoints, by interpolating between a discrete set of original views. Compared to 2D imagery, these types of applications require much larger amounts of storage space, which we seek to reduce. Existing approaches for compressing 3D scenes are often based on a separation of compression and rendering: each of the original views is compressed using traditional 2D image formats; the receiver decompresses the views and then performs the rendering. We unify these steps by directly compressing an implicit representation of the scene, a function that maps spatial coordinates to a radiance vector field, which can then be queried to render arbitrary viewpoints. The function is implemented as a neural network and jointly trained for reconstruction as well as compressibility, in an end-to-end manner, with the use of an entropy penalty on the parameters. Our method significantly outperforms a state-of-the-art conventional approach for scene compression, achieving simultaneously higher quality reconstructions and lower bitrates. Furthermore, we show that the performance at lower bitrates can be improved by jointly representing multiple scenes using a soft form of parameter sharing. |
7,550 | Please write an abstract with title: A Learning-Based Discretionary Lane-Change Decision-Making Model With Driving Style Awareness, and key words: Decision making, Mathematical models, Vehicles, Human factors, Analytical models, Computational modeling, Predictive models. Abstract: Discretionary lane change (DLC) is a basic but complex maneuver in driving, which aims at reaching a faster speed or better driving conditions, e.g., further line of sight or better ride quality. Although modeling DLC decision-making has been studied for years, the impact of human factors, which is crucial in accurately modelling human DLC decision-making strategies, is largely ignored in the existing literature. In this paper, we integrate the human factors that are represented by driving styles to design a new DLC decision-making model. Specifically, our proposed model takes not only the contextual traffic information but also the driving styles of surrounding vehicles into consideration and makes lane-change/keep decisions. Moreover, the model can imitate human drivers’ decision-making maneuvers by learning the driving style of the ego vehicle. Our evaluation results show that the proposed model captures the human decision-making strategies and imitates human drivers’ lane-change maneuvers, which can achieve 98.66% prediction accuracy. Moreover, we also analyze the lane-change impact of our model compared with human drivers in terms of improving the safety and speed of traffic. |
7,551 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhancement of tolerance to MAIs by the synergistic effect between M-ary PAM and the chip-level receiver for optical CDMA systems, and key words: Optical receivers, Multiaccess communication, Multiple access interference, Optical modulation, Correlators, Optical pulses, Pulse modulation, Modulation coding, System performance, Bit rate. Abstract: In this paper, an M-ary pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) coded optical code division multiple access (CDMA) system applying the chip-level receiver with M-level threshold detection is proposed. First, in order to increase the number of transmitted bits per pulse, the PAM coded system is considered. However, when the correlator is applied in the receiver, the multiple access interferences (MAIs) with high intensities deteriorate the system performance significantly even if the number of MAIs is small. Consequently, the chip-level receiver with M-level threshold detection instead of the correlator in the M-ary PAM-CDMA system is proposed. The proposed system can obtain the synergistic effect between the PAM and the chip-level receiver, in which the chip-level receiver reduces more MAIs compared with the correlator and the PAM has the larger number of transmitted bits per frame than ON-OFF keying (OOK). As a result, the proposed system can increase the code length and the number of weights, and achieves higher tolerance to MAIs than the OOK-CDMA system with the chip-level receiver under the condition in which the chip duration, the bit rate, and the number of subscribers are kept constant. It is shown that the proposed M-ary PAM-CDMA system with the chip-level receiver achieves better bit error probability (BEP) than the OOK-CDMA system with the chip-level receiver. |
7,552 | Please write an abstract with title: About the possibility of increasing of noise defended radio-wave radar at application of the "short" signal, and key words: Radar applications, Noise level, Radar detection, Signal processing, Delay effects, Radar measurements, Noise measurement, Radar tracking, Potential energy, Power engineering and energy. Abstract: The purpose of the article is the decision of a problem of increasing of quality characteristic radio-wave radar. The method of the "short" signal is given. One of ways of increasing of quality indicators radio-wave radar is increasing energy potential of radio-wave radar: 1) increasing potential of a probing signal; 2) increasing radars length. |
7,553 | Please write an abstract with title: An active SiGe sub-harmonic direct-conversion receiver front-end design for 5-6 GHz band applications, and key words: Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, Circuits, Radio frequency, Business, Semiconductor device packaging, Performance gain, Noise figure, Bandwidth, Filters. Abstract: This paper describes a packaged SiGe RF front-end design for use in the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) bands. The front-end is based on a sub-harmonic direct-conversion architecture and is composed of an LNA, I and Q x2 sub-harmonic mixers (SHMs), and an LO conditioning chain. The receiver is completely differential and is designed for operation from a 3.3 V supply. Simulated performance shows >25 dB conversion gain, 6.8 dB noise figure (cascode LNA), 0/spl deg/ I/Q phase imbalance, and 39.1 mA total current consumption. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first 5-6 GHz SiGe active sub-harmonic direct-conversion receiver design presented in literature. |
7,554 | Please write an abstract with title: Middleware infrastructure for parallel and distributed programming models in heterogeneous systems, and key words: Middleware, Parallel programming, Java, Application software, Runtime environment, Prototypes, Libraries, Scheduling, Control systems, Monitoring. Abstract: We introduce a middleware infrastructure that provides software services for developing and deploying high-performance parallel programming models and distributed applications on clusters and networked heterogeneous systems. This middleware infrastructure utilizes distributed agents residing on the participating machines and communicating with one another to perform the required functions. An intensive study of the parallel programming models in Java has helped identify the common requirements for a runtime support environment, which we used to define the middleware functionality. A Java-based prototype, based on this architecture, has been developed along with a Java object-passing interface (JOPI) class library. Since this system is written completely in Java, it is portable and allows executing programs in parallel across multiple heterogeneous platforms. With the middleware infrastructure, users need not deal with the mechanisms of deploying and loading user classes on the heterogeneous system. Moreover, details of scheduling, controlling, monitoring, and executing user jobs are hidden, while the management of system resources is made transparent to the user. Such uniform services are essential for facilitating the development and deployment of scalable high-performance Java applications on clusters and heterogeneous systems. An initial deployment of a parallel Java programming model over a heterogeneous, distributed system shows good performance results. In addition, a framework for the agents' startup mechanism and organization is introduced to provide scalable deployment and communication among the agents. |
7,555 | Please write an abstract with title: Coral-software to help operate and manage advanced university laboratories, and key words: Laboratories, Application software, Databases, Software packages, Java, Software standards, Open source software, Hardware, Runtime, Software design. Abstract: This paper describes the Coral software package. Coral is a Java application designed specifically for use in advanced university research laboratories with numerous pieces of equipment. Wherever possible, Coral has been based on widely accepted standards and makes use of public domain or open-source software. |
7,556 | Please write an abstract with title: Board level solder reliability vs. ramp rate & dwell time during temperature cycling, and key words: Testing, Thermal stresses, Soldering, Fatigue, Temperature sensors, Laboratories, US Department of Energy, Finite element methods, Capacitive sensors, Plastics. Abstract: The effects of ramp rate and dwell time are studied through laboratory results and Design Of Experiments (DOE) using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) incorporating stress/strain and plastic work history. Results demonstrate that solder joint fatigue life is more sensitive to dwell time than ramp rate during thermal cycling. A non-linear relationship exists between solder fatigue life (Mean Time To Failure, MTTF) and dwell time. Increasing dwell time past 20 minutes has a minimal effect on the acceleration factor or lifetime. This study also reveals that a dual chamber test presents harsher stress conditions than a single chamber test (when comparing the same number of cycles/hour) for solder joints because of an associated longer dwell time (faster ramp rate has a lesser effect). Modeling shows that the acceleration factor increases by a factor of 1.23-fold for a specific BGA assembly when the test condition changes from single chamber to dual chamber. Experiments were performed to validate the FEA modeling. Different ramp time/dwell times were achieved by modulating the temperature profile in a single chamber oven. If dwell time changes from 5 minutes to 10 minutes with a ramp time of 5 minutes, apparent MTTF decreases by 55%. However, MTTF remains practically the same as the ramp time increases from 5 to 10 minutes, if dwell time is 10 minutes. These test results are consistent with modeling predictions. The focus of temperature cycling tests should NOT be on number of chambers, nor upon ramp rate, but upon dwell time. We recommend 8 minutes to 10 minutes dwell at a high temperature of 125/spl deg/C. |
7,557 | Please write an abstract with title: Z-source current-type inverters: digital modulation and logic implementation, and key words: Digital modulation, Pulse inverters, Pulse width modulation inverters, Power conversion, Power industry, Voltage, Topology, Signal design, Logic design, Equations. Abstract: Traditionally, current source (CS) inverters have been adopted for use in medium and high power industry applications. These inverters however support only current-buck dc-ac power conversion and need a relatively complex modulator, as compared to conventional voltage source (VS) inverters. To address these limitations, this paper presents an integration of the buck-boost Z-source power conversion concept to the CS inverter topology to develop single and three-phase Z-source CS inverters. For their efficient control, the paper starts by evaluating different carrier-based reference formulations to identify different inverter state placement possibilities. The paper then proceeds to design appropriate "reference-to-switch" assignments or logic equations for mapping out the correct CS gating signals, allowing a simple carrier-based modulator to control a Z-source CS inverter with complications such as commutation difficulties and "many-to-many" state assignments readily resolved. The developed system can be implemented using a digital signal processor with an embedded pulse-width modulator and an external programmable logic device, hence offering a competitive solution for medium power single and three-phase buck-boost power conversion. Theory, simulation and experimental results are presented in the paper. |
7,558 | Please write an abstract with title: Visualization Analysis of Multidimensional Data for Online Transaction Log, and key words: Handheld computers, Conferences, Automation. Abstract: The online transaction data presents significant multi-dimensional and spatiotemporal attributes. The existing visualization methods cannot fully combine the time series, hierarchical, geospatial and multi-dimensional features of online transaction log to perform multi-aspect analysis on commodity sales. Therefore, this paper proposes a collaborative visualization method for multi-dimensional and spatiotemporal data. The attribute collaborative view is designed to present the multi-dimensional properties and their relationships of spatial objects of interest. By means of multi-dimensional scaling, the original dataset is degraded to one-dimensional space in a chronological order, which further enable the construction of the sequence parallel coordinates. In order to enhance the visual perception of the parallel coordinates, the coordinate axes are scaled, so the sparse areas are compressed and the dense areas are stretched. Hierarchical clustering is used to further analyze the display results of parallel coordinates, and the temporal features of different categories can be found more clearly. It can be concluded that the proposed method is able to help users quickly explore the characteristic patterns hidden in the multi-dimensional and spatiotemporal dataset through the actual case study of online transaction data. |
7,559 | Please write an abstract with title: An Automatic Rectilinear Partitioning Procedure for Standard Cells, and key words: Read only memory, Permission, Programmable logic arrays, Design automation, Standards publication, Geometry, Integrated circuit technology, Integrated circuit interconnections, Partitioning algorithms, Distributed computing. Abstract: This paper describes a new approach to automatically partition and place the standard cells in a rectilinear area on a chip among the pre-placed macro cells (RAM, ROM, PLA etc.) and I/O pads. The macro cells may be placed anywhere on the chip. The topological and physical constraints, and the net list connectivity are accounted for simultaneously. This procedure has been implemented in the AT&T Bell Laboratories LTX2 chip layout system. |
7,560 | Please write an abstract with title: PID controller design for robust performance, and key words: Three-term control, Robust control, Proportional control, Uncertainty, Robustness, Polynomials, Delay effects, Control system synthesis, Optimization methods, Performance gain. Abstract: This note is devoted to the problem of synthesizing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers for robust performance for a given single-input-single-output plant in the presence of uncertainty. First, the problem of robust performance design is converted into simultaneous stabilization of a complex polynomial family. An extension of the results on PID stabilization is then used to devise a linear programming design procedure for determining all admissible PID gain settings. The most important feature of the proposed approach is that it computationally characterizes the entire set of the admissible PID gain values for an arbitrary plant. |
7,561 | Please write an abstract with title: A new mutual authentication and key agreement protocol in wireless body area network, and key words: Authentication, Wireless communication, Protocols, Body area networks, Security, Biomedical monitoring, Wireless sensor networks. Abstract: Due to the mobility and openness of wireless body area networks (WBANs), the security of WBAN has been questioned by people. The patient's physiological information in WBAN is sensitive and confidential, which requires full consideration of user anonymity, untraceability, and data privacy protection in key agreement. Aiming at the shortcomings of Li et al.'s protocol in terms of anonymity and session unlinkability, forward/backward confidentiality, etc., a new anonymous mutual authentication and key agreement protocol was proposed on the basis of the protocol. This scheme only uses XOR and the one-way hash operations, which not only reduces communication consumption but also ensures security, and realizes a truly lightweight anonymous mutual authentication and key agreement protocol. |
7,562 | Please write an abstract with title: PrudentExposure: a private and user-centric service discovery protocol, and key words: Digital audio players, Privacy, Bluetooth, Pervasive computing, Information security, Personal digital assistants, Headphones, Computer science, Access protocols, Mathematical model. Abstract: Service discovery as an essential element in pervasive computing environments is widely accepted. Much active research on service discovery has been conducted, but privacy has been ignored and may be sacrificed. While it is essential that legitimate users should be able to discover services of which they have credentials, it is also necessary that services be hidden from illegitimate users. Since service information, service provider's information, service requests, and credentials to access services via service discovery protocols may be sensitive, we may want to keep them private. Existing service discovery protocols do not solve these problems. We present a user-centric model, called Prudentexposure, as the first approach designed for exposing minimal information privately, securely, and automatically for both service providers and users of service discovery protocols. We analyze the mathematical properties of our model and formally verify our security protocol. |
7,563 | Please write an abstract with title: Ceramic secondary electron emission and surface charge measurements, and key words: Ceramics, Electron emission, Charge measurement, Surface treatment, Pulse measurements, Surface finishing, Electron beams, Insulation, Spectroscopy, Lattices. Abstract: The secondary electron emission (SEE) coefficient is strongly dependent on material type due to the fact that secondary electrons come primarily from inelastic electron collisions and intrinsic lattice losses. Other macroscopic factors affecting the emission process are related to surface finish, surface coatings, ion implantation, and surface preparation and cleaning procedures. SEE plays a key role in most proposed models for insulator surface flashover development. We have measured total surface electron yield from a number of materials as well as from similar materials with different surface treatments. The experiments were performed using both a continuous wave and a pulsed electron gun with a hemispherical electron energy spectrometer at vacuum levels in the range of 10/sup -8/ torr. Electron spectroscopy reveals substantial difference in total electron yield due to minor changes in surface finish. The results of SEE measurements and the secondary electron energy distribution, using both continuous wave and pulsed electron beams, are presented. Quasimetalized surfaces show distinct SEE reduction over nontreated samples. Another measurement taken, characterized insulator surface charge as a function of pulse length, number of pulses, and total electron beam current. Material surface charge characteristics using electron pulses from 100 /spl mu/s and up to 1 ms are presented. Results indicate radically different surface charge behavior between single pulse, repetitive pulse, and continuous wave experiments. |
7,564 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multi-Cluster-Based Distributed CDD Scheme for Asynchronous Joint Transmissions in Local and Private Wireless Networks, and key words: Reliability, Delays, Synchronization, Wireless networks, Fading channels, Communication system security, Throughput. Abstract: In this paper, a multiple cluster-based transmission diversity scheme is proposed for asynchronous joint transmissions (JT) in private networks. The use of multiple clusters or small cells is adopted to reduce the transmission distance to users thereby increasing data-rates and reducing latency. To further increase the spectral efficiency and achieve flexible spatial degrees of freedom, we consider that a distributed remote radio unit system (dRRUS) is installed in each of the clusters. A key characteristic of deploying the dRRUS in private networks is the associated multipath-rich and asynchronous delay propagation environment. Therefore, we consider asynchronous multiple signal reception at the remote radio units and propose an intersymbol interference free distributed cyclic delay diversity (dCDD) scheme for JT to achieve the full transmit diversity gain without requiring full channel state information of the private network. The spectral efficiency of the proposed dCDD-based JT is analyzed by deriving a new closed-form expression, and then compared with link-level simulations for non-identically distributed frequency selective fading over the entire network. Due to its distributed structure, the dRRUS relies on backhaul communications between the private network server and cluster master (CM), which is the main backhaul connection, and between the CM to remote radio units, which are the secondary backhaul connections. Thus, it is important for us to investigate the impact of reliability of main and secondary backhaul connections on the system. Our results show that the resulting composite backhaul connections can be accurately modeled by our proposed product of independent Bernoulli processes. |
7,565 | Please write an abstract with title: Biological Activity Prediction of GPCR-targeting Ligands on Heterogeneous FPGA-based Accelerators, and key words: Proteins, Drugs, Graphics processing units, Prediction algorithms, Energy efficiency, Biology, Encoding. Abstract: In the drug discovery process, the biological activity value (BAV) of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) targeting ligands is a large consideration. Past BAV prediction on CPU consumes tremendous time and power, yet there is rarely any related acceleration research. Therefore, this paper proposes a series of heterogeneous FPGA-based accelerators for well-performing algorithms to predict GPCRs ligands BAV. Communication delay is reduced by compressing the sparse matrix and directly coupling accelerators on the system BUS. Computation is accelerated by the remapping during the weight storage. Experimental results show that our FPGA accelerator implemented on Xilinx XCZU7EV performs 54.5× faster than CPU and 35.2× more energy-efficient than GPU. |
7,566 | Please write an abstract with title: Multitarget Transcranial Ultrasound Therapy in Small Animals Based on Phase-Only Acoustic Holographic Lens, and key words: Ultrasonic imaging, Lenses, Acoustics, Transducers, Medical treatment, Bones, Frequency control. Abstract: Transcranial ultrasound therapy has become a noninvasive method for treating neurological and psychiatric disorders, and studies have further demonstrated that multitarget transcranial ultrasound therapy is a better solution. At present, multitarget transcranial ultrasound therapy in small animals can only be achieved by the multitransducer or phased array. However, multiple transducers may cause spatial interference, and the phased array system is complicated, expensive, and especially unsuitable for small animals. This study is the first to design and fabricate a miniature acoustic holography lens for multitarget transcranial ultrasound therapy in rats. The acoustic holographic lens, working at a frequency of 1.0 MHz, with a size of 10.08 mm $\times10.08$ mm and a pixel resolution of 0.72 mm, was designed, optimized, and fabricated. The dual-focus transcranial ultrasound generated based on the lens was measured; the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the focal spots in the ${y}$ -direction was 2.15 and 2.27 mm and in the ${z}$ -direction was 2.3 and 2.36 mm. The focal length was 5.4 mm, and the distance between the two focuses was 5.6 mm, close to the desired values of 5.4 and 6.0 mm. Finally, the multiple-target blood–brain barrier opening in rats’ bilateral secondary visual cortex (mediolateral area, V2ML) was demonstrated using the transcranial ultrasound therapy system based on the lens. These results demonstrate the good performance of the multitarget transcranial ultrasound therapy system for small animals, including high spatial resolution, small size, and low cost. |
7,567 | Please write an abstract with title: Using differential confocal microscopy to study voltage-induced membrane movements of lipid vesicles, and key words: Voltage, Biomembranes, Lipidomics, Atomic force microscopy, Cells (biology), Atomic measurements, Force measurement, Energy conservation, Biomedical optical imaging, Optical sensors. Abstract: Voltage-induced lipid-vesicle membrane movements are characterized with differential confocal microscopy. Deformations are three orders of magnitude larger than those measured on cells using atomic force microscopy. Data are consistent with a model from energy conservation. |
7,568 | Please write an abstract with title: Effects of temporal modeling on the statistical uncertainty of spatiotemporal distributions estimated directly from dynamic SPECT projections, and key words: Uncertainty, Spatiotemporal phenomena, Image reconstruction, Kinetic theory, Computational modeling, Spline, Image sequences, Single photon emission computed tomography, Parameter estimation, Data analysis. Abstract: Artifacts can result when reconstructing a dynamic image sequence from inconsistent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) projection data acquired by a slowly rotating gantry. The artifacts can lead to biases in kinetic parameters estimated from time-activity curves generated by overlaying volumes of interest on the images. To overcome these biases in conventional image based dynamic data analysis, we have been investigating the estimation of time-activity curves and kinetic model parameters directly from dynamic SPECT projection data by modeling the spatial and temporal distribution of the radiopharmaceutical throughout the projected field of view. In the present work, we perform Monte Carlo simulations to study the effects of the temporal modeling on the statistical variability of the reconstructed spatiotemporal distributions. The simulations utilize computationally efficient methods for fully four-dimensional (4-D) direct estimation of spatiotemporal distributions and their statistical uncertainties, using a spatial segmentation and temporal B-splines. The simulation results suggest that there is benefit in modeling higher orders of temporal spline continuity. In addition, the accuracy of the time modeling can be increased substantially without unduly increasing the statistical uncertainty, by using relatively fine initial time sampling to capture rapidly changing activity distributions. |
7,569 | Please write an abstract with title: Radiation efficiency of water-window Cherenkov sources using atomic shell resonances, and key words: Atomic measurements, Resonance, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Electrons, Nitrogen, Optical microscopy, Synchrotron radiation, Refractive index, Frequency, Chemical elements. Abstract: We developed simple theory of Cherenkov radiation at atomic resonances in the X-ray water window for L-shells in 5 trans-oxigen elements and proposed K-shell resonance in liquid nitrogen. Our results compare favorably with experimental data |
7,570 | Please write an abstract with title: Business Feasibility Study for Storage-Based Customer Flexibility Platform of Load-Serving Entity, and key words: Business, Uncertainty, Profitability, Optimization, Economics, Decision making, Batteries. Abstract: A storage-based customer flexibility (SCF) platform enables on-demand remote access to a shared pool of utility-scale energy storage resources at substantially low costs. It can provide users the ability to charge and discharge electrical energy to and from remote batteries. This study demonstrates the economic feasibility of an SCF platform business under realistic conditions. Accordingly, the load-serving entity is set as the SCF operator, and the subscriptions from various types of customers and multi-use battery energy storage systems are considered to increase profitability. An economic feasibility verification is provided based on the generating pattern of individual customers, and a robust optimization is performed for the SCF platform operations considering the market price uncertainty, aggregated requests, and customers' willingness to pay for the SCF service. The proposed study is simulated in a California environment. |
7,571 | Please write an abstract with title: Operation Energy Consumption Calculation Model Based on Energy Conservation, and key words: accelerometer, calculation of human energy consumption, conservation of energy. Abstract: Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing motion energy consumption calculation algorithm in accuracy, a motion energy consumption calculation model based on energy conservation is proposed. Taking the energy conservation theorem as an example, the energy conversion formula of the human body is established. The three-axis acceleration sensor is used to obtain the monitoring data, calculate the changes of human kinetic energy and potential energy, and calculate the energy consumption of walking, running and up and down stairs. The accuracy of the calculation model in energy consumption calculation is verified by comparative experiments. Compared with the calculation model of pedometer energy consumption, energy consumption calculation based on eigenvalue IAtot, energy consumption calculation based on eigenvalue Counts, calorie energy consumption calculation and energy balance energy consumption calculation, the calculation model of motion energy consumption simplifies the amount of data required for calculation, simplifies the calculation steps, and has higher accuracy. |
7,572 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel parameter estimation algorithm and its iterative extension for chirp signals, and key words: Parameter estimation, Iterative algorithms, Chirp, Signal to noise ratio, Maximum likelihood estimation, Computational complexity, Noise robustness, Radar applications, Sonar applications, Performance analysis. Abstract: The chirp signal is a nonstationary signal that is often met in applications including radar and sonar etc. The parameter estimation of the unknown parameters in chirp signals by traditional maximum likelihood method or the open-loop optimum method bear some problems, such as the excessive computational complexity. We propose a novel fast and robust method. The method is robust in the sense that it can be well suitable for the case of low signal to noise ratio (SNR). For example, in the case of -10 dB of SNR, the new method achieves a good performance quite close to that of the maximum likelihood method, and the computational complexity is reduced to only 1/40 of the original. We present the motivation of the new algorithm and the performance analysis. Also some simulation results are presented to illustrate its effectiveness. |
7,573 | Please write an abstract with title: A methodology for evaluating the operational effectiveness of facial recognition systems, and key words: Face recognition, Image databases, Spatial databases, Surveillance, Data mining, Feature extraction, Signal processing algorithms, Biometrics, Access control, Biomedical signal processing. Abstract: In this paper we present a methodology for evaluating the operational effectiveness of facial recognition systems. After a brief introduction, we provide a description of the facial recognition process, its modes of operation (such as enrollment and operation), and signal processing operations (face capture, normalisation, feature extraction, database comparison and decision and action). We describe the methodology; from initial facial recognition system installation, tuning of the system, statistical analysis, to human factors and operational impact. |
7,574 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of spatial temporal geographic information system and risk adaptive regional management information system - toward development of GIS based on Asian culture for disaster prevention, and key words: Geographic Information Systems, Adaptive systems, Management information systems, Information analysis, Decision making, Local government, Navigation, Costs, Internet, Collaboration. Abstract: Through the experience of developing GIS for disaster prevention we noticed that requirements for GIS could be divided into at least 3 categories. The first type of GIS is for regional analysis and decision-making based on data integrating detailed geographical historical (temporal) information of a region to the maximum extent. This type of GIS can give solutions for federal or local government requirements. The second type of GIS is for general public use such as to use instead of a paper map. Requirement of data is mainly positions of geographic objects which are subsets of the first type of GIS data and such as service information mainly as attributes which are gathered by unspecified people and system has to be simple. The third type of GIS is for special purposed GIS such as car navigation systems of which functional requirements are almost finalized. Compactness, efficiency, and cost are important. We propose a solution which satisfies a variety of requirements of GIS by combination of non-Internet GIS and Internet/Web GIS related to realization of disaster mitigation and environment analysis. As geographic information is based on culture and way of living of each country, we believe GIS based on Asian culture has to be developed by collaborative research and development of Asian countries. |
7,575 | Please write an abstract with title: 2-D Directed Formation Control Based on Bipolar Coordinates, and key words: Shape, Formation control, Convergence, Sensors, Position measurement, Rigidity, Coordinate measuring machines. Abstract: This work proposes a novel 2-D formation control scheme for acyclic triangulated directed graphs (a class of minimally acyclic persistent graphs) based on bipolar coordinates with (almost) global convergence to the desired shape. Prescribed performance control is employed to devise a decentralized control law that avoids singularities and introduces robustness against external disturbances while ensuring predefined transient and steady-state performance for the closed-loop system. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed formation control scheme can handle formation maneuvering, scaling, and orientation specifications simultaneously. Additionally, the proposed control law is implementable in agents’ arbitrarily oriented local coordinate frames using only low-cost onboard vision sensors, which are favorable for practical applications. Finally, a formation maneuvering simulation study verifies the proposed approach. |
7,576 | Please write an abstract with title: Compensation Strategy Based on Rotating Rhombus Method for Five-Phase PMSM With One-Phase Terminal Short-Circuit Fault, and key words: Circuit faults, Torque, Windings, Rotors, Harmonic analysis, Fault tolerant systems, Fault tolerance. Abstract: Based on the rotating rhombus method (RRM), an equal-magnitude sinusoidal current compensation strategy is proposed to improve the post-fault performance of the five-phase permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with short-circuit fault. RRM is a graphic method which is proposed to obtain optimal compensation currents, and the equal-magnitude phase currents are treated as rhombic current vectors. To maintain the same magnetomotive force (MMF) under fault condition, the geometric relations of a rhombus are used to derive phase angles of the compensation currents. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by a 10-slot/8-pole five-phase PMSM, and the torque ripple caused by short-circuit fault is significantly reduced. In addition, the proposed strategy is compared with an existing strategy from aspects of torque, torque ripple, losses, and efficiency, and the proposed strategy has advantages of balanced copper loss of the healthy phases and lower inverter cost. |
7,577 | Please write an abstract with title: Computerized games sequency for written language acquisition in special education, and key words: Computer science education, Writing, Computer peripherals, Software maintenance, Concrete, Instruments, Delay, Connectors, Magnetic heads, Mice. Abstract: School, on its initial grades, has writing and reading as a main goal. Parents anxiously expect their children to acquire these abilities. These expectatives are a problem to children who don't have the expected performance, which reduces their self-steem and contributes to giving up learning. If a child in process of written acquisition presents any physical disability, even a small one, the situation gets worse. If the deficiency is serious, it is more easily recognised and the students have the opportunity to receive special treatment. If it is a small deficiency, it tends not to be recognised and is frequently taken as stubbornness or lack of interest. This article presents a sequence of computational games, directed by an specific didactic process, which respects individual particularities of each child, with peripheral adapted to motor difficulties, which allows the alphabetization of children with learning difficulties. |
7,578 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Analysis of a Band Pass Setback Arming Mechanism in MEMS Safety and Arming Device, and key words: Band-pass filters, Latches, Safety, Micromechanical devices, Springs, Stress, Simulation. Abstract: In this paper, a band pass setback arming mechanism of the MEMS Safety and Arming Device (SAD) is proposed. It is used to lock the movement of the U-shape electro-thermal actuator until arming conditions have been met and is capable of dual threshold (acceleration amplitude and pulse width) recognition. The recognition boundary has been determined, and only if the mechanism acted by load within the recognition boundary, can the latch be locked and the U-shape electro-thermal actuator be released. Mathematic model has been established according to the structural dynamics theory and the Castigliano's second theorem. The numerical solution has been calculated, and the band pass effect has been demonstrated. Finite element model has been established and the recognition boundary of simulation results match quite well with that of theoretical results. |
7,579 | Please write an abstract with title: GPU-Accelerated Vision for Robots: Improving System Throughput Using OpenCV and CUDA, and key words: Graphics processing units, Image edge detection, Robots, Videos, Feature extraction, Detectors. Abstract: OpenCV is an open source computer vision and machine learning library for C/C++/Python available for Windows, Linux, macOS, and Android platforms. It contains low-level image processing functions as well as high-level algorithms such as object identification, face recognition, and action classification in videos. OpenCV has become very popular, with more than 47,000 people in its user community and 18 million downloads (see https://opencv.org/about/). Under a Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) license, it can be used for both academic and commercial applications. |
7,580 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Bound Based Ensemble Approach for Probabilistic Wind Power Forecasting, and key words: Wind power generation, Wind farms, Predictive models, Probabilistic logic, Stability analysis, Numerical models, Wind forecasting. Abstract: Due to the intermittency and fluctuation of wind power, a prediction interval (PI) with high stability, reliability and low sharpness is utmost important in system economic dispatch. This paper proposes a novel optimal bound based ensemble approach (OBE) where the weights for upper and lower prediction bounds are optimized by heuristic method respectively. Three base probabilistic model, K-means based conditional error Distribution (KCED), Quantile regression neural network (QRNN), and Pretraining-NN based direct interval forecast (PNNDI) are introduced where the KCED and PNNDI have been modified to obtain higher performance. A numerical case of a wind farm in Northeast China proves the superior PI-quality by the proposed ensemble method and the effectiveness of the modification of the base probabilistic models. |
7,581 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection of Beat Frequency in GPR Signal Using Zoom MUSIC, and key words: Radio frequency, Ground penetrating radar, Signal processing algorithms, Pattern classification, Receivers, Digital signal processing, Multiple signal classification. Abstract: This research deals with the signal analysis problem faced in a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system. The objects located underground are at close vicinity, as a result the beat frequencies corresponding to the range of these objects are closely spaced. The paper introduces the application of Digital Down Converter (DDC) and Zoom Multiple Signal Classification (ZMUSIC) to detect the beat frequencies of interest. To implement the system, in the first section, the RF receiver is modified which contains the analog IQ mixer to detect the beat frequencies. This mixer is implemented in digital domain using DDC with multistage decimation. The beat frequencies of interest are located in a particular range in the received spectrum and they are closely spaced. In the second section, to detect these beat frequencies Zoom MUSIC algorithm is used and it is divided into two parts, the Zoom unit and the MUSIC algorithm. The Zoom unit is used to zoom into the region of interest in the spectrum while MUSIC is used for the detection of closely spaced beat frequencies. The technique on comparison with other algorithms such as ZFFT and MUSIC showed better ability to distinguish between two closely spaced frequencies. |
7,582 | Please write an abstract with title: Design Theory of a Parallel-Plate Coupler for Underwater Wireless Power Transfer, and key words: Couplers, Integrated circuit modeling, Equivalent circuits, Q-factor, Wireless power transfer, Couplings, Computational modeling. Abstract: The design theory of a coupler with two pairs of parallel plates for underwater wireless power transfer is summarized in this paper. The accurate prediction of the power transfer efficiency by separating the kQ product into the coupling coefficient k and Q-factor is a difficult task when transmitting power in a high-permittivity medium, such as water, or a high-conductivity medium such as seawater. Two cases are introduced; the pseudo-coupling coefficient k for fresh water and the pseudo- kQ product for seawater, respectively, are adopted. |
7,583 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Study of Spatial Modulation and OFDM using QAM Symbol Mapping, and key words: OFDM, Bit error rate, Quadrature amplitude modulation, MIMO communication, Transmitting antennas, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: The research on modern communication devices and demand for data services are seen increasing predominantly during the recent years. Even though a lot of new modulation schemes are available, there is a vital requirement of a scheme which preserves transmission bandwidth and power without losing the qualities of MIMO systems. This paper deals with the analysis and comparison of two advanced MIMO modulation schemes Spatial Modulation and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, adopted for high performance digital transmission. The performance measures employed in this study are Bit Error Rate and Mean Square Error, assuming Quadrature Amplitude Modulation as the symbol mapping scheme. |
7,584 | Please write an abstract with title: Forensic of Solar PV: A Review of Potential Faults and Maintenance Strategies, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Forensics, Maintenance engineering, Hazards, Reliability. Abstract: Photovoltaics (PV) technology has grown strongly over the last decade, and along with this growth, there are issues and challenges related to electrical faults and fire hazards. Forensic is the investigation of any incidents or crimes in a legal context. Forensic electrical in a PV system is usually associated with incidents due to electrical equipment damage, design errors, improper installation, or product defects. Forensic work aims to identify the cause of the damage and ways to repair the damage. This paper aims to present electrical-related faults analysis and safety issues in PV systems, including fault maintenance involving corrective, predictive and preventive. A comparative study of these different maintenances strategies is discussed. The study is necessary for the improvement of PV system development safety, efficiency and reliability. Also, to speed up operating time and prevent financial losses consequences. Overall this study shall provide researchers and PV system/plant's operators with a valuable reference for better maintenance options to sustain PV systems optimally. |
7,585 | Please write an abstract with title: Algorithm and Software for Calculating the Design Parameters of LED Lighting Device, and key words: Visualization, Animals, Software algorithms, Lighting, Prototypes, Light emitting diodes, Search problems. Abstract: An algorithm is developed for calculating the design parameters of a LED lighting device. The method for calculating the main structural parameters is based on one of the optimization methods of mathematical analysis, a genetic algorithm with real coding. The genetic algorithm is a numerical heuristic search method used to solve optimization and modeling problems by sequentially selecting, combining and varying the desired parameters, searching for the global minimum of the function, not deteriorating the solution at each iteration, simplicity of limiting the corridor constraints. To simplify the calculation and minimize the number of calculations, based on the developed algorithm, a software is developed. The developed algorithm and software make it possible to define the parameters of the LED lighting device, providing normalized illumination on a horizontal working surface with minimal energy consumption, to evaluate the distribution of light flux taking into account the configuration and geometry of the LED lighting device. To check the operability of the program, its visualization is presented. The results of calculating a lighting device for illuminating a horizontal working surface (feeder) in the animal husbandry building are presented. When using the proposed device, the uniformity of illumination of the longitudinal horizontal zones of the working surface, which are located between adjacent LED lighting devices, is increased. |
7,586 | Please write an abstract with title: Open-set Classification of Common Waveforms Using A Deep Feed-forward Network and Binary Isolation Forest Models, and key words: Training, Time-frequency analysis, Frequency modulation, OFDM, Forestry, Radar, Synchronization. Abstract: In this paper, we examine the use of a deep multi-layer perceptron architecture to classify received signals as one of seven common waveforms, single carrier (SC), single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), linear frequency modulation (LFM), amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase-coded pulse modulation used in communication and radar networks. Synchronization of the signals is not needed as we assume there is an unknown and uncompensated time and frequency offset. The classifier is open-set meaning it assumes unknown waveforms may appear. Isolation forest (IF) models acting as binary classifiers are used for each known signal class to perform detection of possible unknown signals. This is accomplished using the 32-length feature vector from a dense layer as input to the IF models. The classifier and IF models work together to monitor the spectrum and identify waveforms along with detecting unknown waveforms. Results showed the classifier had 100% classification rate above 0 dB with an accuracy of 83.2% and 94.7% at -10 dB and -5 dB, respectively, with signal impairments present. Results for the IF models showed an overall accuracy of 98% when detecting known and unknown signals with signal impairments present. IF models were able to reject all unknown signals while signals similar to known signals were able to pass through 2% of the time due to the contamination rate used during training. Overall, the entire system can classify correctly in an open-set mode with 98% accuracy at SNR greater than 0 dB. |
7,587 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of equalization control strategy on dynamic response of optical networks, and key words: Optical control, Optical fiber networks, Erbium-doped fiber amplifier, Optical feedback, Optical network units, Signal to noise ratio, Optical noise, Power generation, Propagation delay, Gain control. Abstract: A simulation study is presented on the transient dynamics of optical WDM networks. Effects of parameters such as dynamic gain equalisation (DGE) time-constant, spectral equalization strategy and EDFA control strategy are considered as means to avoid oscillation regime. |
7,588 | Please write an abstract with title: The local projective shape of smooth surfaces and their outlines, and key words: Shape, Information geometry, Application software, Computational geometry, Computer vision, Solids, Cameras, Vectors. Abstract: We examine projectively invariant local properties of smooth curves and surfaces. Oriented projective differential geometry is proposed as a theoretical framework for establishing such invariants and describing the local shape of surfaces and their outlines. This framework is applied to two problems: a projective proof of Koenderink's famous characterization of convexities, concavities, and inflections of apparent contours; and the determination of the relative orientation of rim tangents at frontier points. |
7,589 | Please write an abstract with title: Dual-Code Bounds on Multiple Concurrent (Local) Data Recovery, and key words: Redundancy, Generators, Information theory. Abstract: We are concerned with linear redundancy storage schemes regarding their ability to provide concurrent (local) recovery of multiple data objects. This paper initiates a study of such systems within the classical coding theory. We show how we can use the structural properties of the generator matrix defining the scheme to obtain a bounding polytope for the set of data access rates the system can support. We derive two dual distance outer bounds, which are sharp for some large classes of matrix families. |
7,590 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatial-Temporal Inventory Rebalancing for Bike Sharing Systems With Worker Recruitment, and key words: Mobile computing, Clustering algorithms, Pricing, Heuristic algorithms, Routing, Prediction algorithms, Sustainable development. Abstract: Bike-sharing systems usually suffer from out-of-service events due to bike underflow or overflow. We propose to recruit workers to rebalance station loads. We partition the complex rebalancing problem in temporal and spatial domains. The temporal domain is divided into a sequence of slices with a fixed duration. In each slice, we allocate a pair of overflow/underflow stations to a worker such that the cost is minimized, which is NP-hard. A 3-approximation algorithm is proposed. We further investigate the worker shortage case and extend the matching algorithm to consider the number of unsatisfied users. Then, the configuration dynamic in the sequence of slices is captured by determining the rebalancing target for each rebalancing operation. We investigate heuristic approaches to minimize the total number of bike movements. Furthermore, we extend our scheme to dockless BSSs using clustering techniques. We simulate our algorithms on both real-world and synthetic datasets. Experiment results show that our approaches can reduce the average total detour per slice. In worker shortage, considering the number of unsatisfied users could improve the long-term performance of rebalancing. Besides, we find that our scheme could maintain worker satisfaction over multiple time slices, which indicates the sustainability of our rebalancing scheme. |
7,591 | Please write an abstract with title: 10 kV power semiconductors - breakthrough for 6.9 kV medium voltage drives, and key words: Medium voltage, Costs, Conductivity, Inverters, Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Silicon, Temperature, Power generation, Area measurement, Semiconductor diodes. Abstract: Requirements on semiconductor ratings and characteristics are established based on demands of voltage and current source inverters. Fundamental parameters such as blocking characteristics and safe operating area have been measured on 10 kV pin diodes and IGBTs and IGCTs for 4 kV DC link voltage to estimate the potential of these devices in the application. |
7,592 | Please write an abstract with title: A simple learning algorithm for growing self-organizing maps and its application to the skeletonization, and key words: Self organizing feature maps, Inspection, Shape, History, Feature extraction, Circuit topology, Counting circuits, Unsupervised learning, Data mining, Speech recognition. Abstract: This paper presents a simple learning algorithm for growing self-organization maps (ab. SOMs) and considers its application to the skeletonization. In order to adapt the shape of the input data, the map can have partial tree and loop topology. In the algorithm, the map can grow and the topology can change based on occasional inspection of learning history of each cell and MST. If the control parameters are selected suitable, the algorithm can be applied effectively for skeletonization of Japanese characters. |
7,593 | Please write an abstract with title: Multirate video multicast over the Internet: an overview, and key words: Internet, Streaming media, Bandwidth, Transcoding, Video compression, ISDN, Protocols, Quantization, High definition video, Encoding. Abstract: Multirate multicast is an effective method for video distribution to a set of heterogeneous receivers. We present a comprehensive survey on multirate video multicast over the best effort Internet. We first review the key techniques in video encoding and network transport, and describe the representative approaches. We then study various trade-offs based on some important design issues and performance criteria, such as bandwidth economy, adaptation granularity, and coding complexity. Finally, we present some ongoing work and discuss possible avenues for future research. |
7,594 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Load Identification Considering Effects of Harmonics and Voltage Variations, and key words: Portable computers, Sensitivity, Shape, Voltage, Power system harmonics, Harmonic analysis, Load management. Abstract: It is essential to face the problem of ever-increasing electrical load demand and to find advanced means for load management. Demand side management, as a promising solution, necessitates full monitoring of loads based on intrusive or non-intrusive techniques, to track the daily usage of energy. The V-I trajectory is an effective manner for identifying different types of loads. However, this technique is affected by the variations of voltage and harmonic. This paper investigates a new technique that is developed to overcome the variations of voltage and harmonic issues that arise, respectively, from the diversity of demand during day periods and the increased use of power electronic-based appliances. The proposed algorithm involves more than one phase. These phases aim, firstly, to get the trajectory of each appliance and extract its signatures. Checking the domains of the operating voltage and THDv and making the necessary modifications represent the second phase. Finally, the load data are compared with a DATABASE, which is constructed under reference voltage and THD. |
7,595 | Please write an abstract with title: The stability of nonlinear dissipative systems, and key words: Lyapunov method, Nonlinear systems, Asymptotic stability, Mathematical model, Australia, Control system synthesis, Stability analysis, Power supplies, Energy storage, Stability criteria. Abstract: This short paper presents a technique for generating Lyapunov functions for a broad class of nonlinear systems represented by state equations. The system, for which a Lyapunov function is required, is assumed to have a property called dissipativeness. Roughly speaking, this means that the system absorbs more energy from the external world than it supplies. Different types of dissipativeness can be considered depending on how one chooses to define "power input." Dissipativeness is shown to be characterized by the existence of a computable function which can be interpreted as the "stored energy" of the system. Under certain conditions, this energy function is a Lyapunov function which establishes stability, and in some cases asymptotic stability, of the isolated system. |
7,596 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a SiGe-Si quantum-well optical modulator, and key words: Optical modulation, Optical design, Quantum wells, Optical waveguides, Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, Quantum well devices, Epitaxial layers, Silicon on insulator technology, Numerical simulation. Abstract: A light modulator consisting of modulation-doped SiGe-Si multiple quantum wells integrated in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide is designed. The device is based on the electrorefractive effect due to the variation of holes density in the SiGe wells, induced by applying a reverse bias on a PIN diode. This mechanism is simulated by numerical calculations of the hole distribution coupled with the optical guided mode propagation characteristics. The mode effective index variation of TE-polarized light at the 1.31-μm wavelength can then be obtained as a function of the applied bias. The influences of the structure parameters such as the thickness and the doping level of the doped barrier layers or the number of SiGe wells is analyzed thanks to a design of experiment method. The optimization gives an effective index variation of 2.10/sup -4/ for an applied bias voltage of 6 V. To obtain optical intensity modulation, this structure has to be included in a Fabry-Perot cavity. The modulation performances are analyzed. |
7,597 | Please write an abstract with title: Single-Trace Attack Using One-Shot Learning With Siamese Network in Non-Profiled Setting, and key words: Side-channel attacks, Deep learning, Training data, Prediction algorithms, Noise measurement. Abstract: Recently, many studies have shown that using deep learning for side-channel attacks offers several advantages, including simplification of the attack phase and target breaking, even in protected implementations, while presenting outstanding attack performance. Power and electromagnetic analysis, which is known as the most robust attack, can be classified into profiling and non-profiling attacks. In the real world, a non-profiling attack is more ideal than a profiling attack. In particular, studies on non-profiling attacks using deep learning for asymmetric cryptosystems are rare and have shortcomings, such as a long analysis time. In this paper, we propose a novel non-profiling attack method for asymmetric cryptosystems that requires only a single trace and a reasonably short attack time to recover a full private key, overcoming the limitations of previous studies. The proposed method applies one-shot learning with a convolutional Siamese network, which is used for the first time in side-channel attacks. Thus, our proposed method can leak private keys used in a protected public-key cryptosystem with up to 100% accuracy with only one single trace in a non-profiled setting. |
7,598 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel control scheme for the STATCOM stability enhancement, and key words: Automatic voltage control, Power system stability, Power system modeling, Digital simulation, Phase locked loops, Automatic control, Stability analysis, Power system analysis computing, Power system simulation, Delay. Abstract: The paper investigates the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) stability enhancement Two major factors of the STATCOM instability, power system strength and phase-locked loop (PLL) delay, are analyzed theoretically as well as by exact digital simulation. A 24-pulse GTO converter model is designed to represent the exact operation of the STATCOM and the digital simulations are performed in a power transmission system. An automatic gain controller (AGC) is designed to ensure the stable operation of the STATCOM under various load conditions. The operation of the additional supplementary controller is also validated by digital simulation, using the 24-pulse converter model, to demonstrate the effect of the AGC on stabilization of the STATCOM. |
7,599 | Please write an abstract with title: Using hyperpanometrics for complexity modelling and analysis, and key words: Navigation, Australia, Gain measurement, Mathematics, Mathematical model, Power measurement, Tracking, Convergence, Physics. Abstract: The theory of hyperpanometrics is that we change the laws of nature, to be able to model the complexities of our universe. We establish alternative universes, where we have the power to establish our own laws of behaviour, and can adjust the degrees of measurement and inter-relativity. Hyperpanometrics is designed to work with the differences between various types of standardised measurements and then be able to map those differences and plot them in an artificial universe. The concept is to convert any series of observations into interval data, and then to be able to plot these observations. |
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