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7,600 | Please write an abstract with title: Chinese Event Detection Combining BERT Model with Recurrent Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Recurrent neural networks, Event detection, Bit error rate, Semantics, Tagging, Feature extraction. Abstract: With the rapid development of computer technology and the scale of the Internet, it is particularly important to extract useful information from the increasing amount of information on the Internet. Among them, event extraction is one of the research hotspots in the field of natural language processing and an important research direction in the field of information extraction. Event detection is the first step of the event extraction task, which plays a decisive role in the subsequent event extraction work. The article adopts BERT for word vector training, joint lexical vector, named entity vector, and semantic dependency vector as the input of Bi-LSTM, and then input them into the CRF sequence tagging layer after acquiring the features of sentences to achieve the recognition of event trigger words and the classification of event categories. The CEC corpus is selected as the training and test set, and experiments show that the method is effective in event detection, with F-values up to more than 70%. |
7,601 | Please write an abstract with title: Difference Pattern Synthesis for Spherical Arrays, and key words: Phased arrays, Sensors, Sensor arrays, Harmonic analysis, Parallel processing, Conferences, Acoustic arrays. Abstract: Spherical arrays with array processing based on spherical harmonics have been studied for a wide range of applications in the smart antenna community and the acoustic array community. In this paper, a direct difference pattern synthesis method for spherical array based on spherical harmonics is proposed. We first propose to synthesize the spherical array difference pattern with spherical harmonics of degree ±1. Then the mapping relationship between the spherical array difference pattern and the linear array difference pattern is studied with the help of Legendre functions decomposition. With this mapping, uniform linear array specific difference pattern synthesis techniques become readily available in closed form for spherical arrays. |
7,602 | Please write an abstract with title: Toward a scintillator based digital hadron calorimeter for the linear collider detector, and key words: Detectors, Energy resolution, Energy measurement, Physics, Photodetectors, Calorimetry, Dynamic range, Electromagnetic radiation, Optical fibers. Abstract: We report on the feasibility of a scintillator-based (semi) digital hadron calorimeter for the proposed linear collider detector (LCD). A finely segmented, (semi) digital hadron calorimeter, combined with energy flow algorithms, represents one of the most promising approaches to attaining the unprecedented jet energy resolutions required to fully exploit the physics potential of a future linear collider. At the Northern Illinois Center of Accelerator and Detector Development at Northern Illinois University we have made a number of initial studies of a scintillator-based (semi) digital tile calorimeter. These studies include determination of optimum cell size, comparison of light yield of cast and extruded scintillator cells, optimization of cell processing and performance of candidate photodetectors. Initial results are encouraging and indicate that a scintillator-based (semi) digital hadron calorimeter for the LCD merits continued study. |
7,603 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of a full duplex 2.4 kbps LPC vocoder on a single TMS-320 microprocessor chip, and key words: Linear predictive coding, Vocoders, Microprocessor chips, Integrated circuit synthesis, Availability, Digital signal processors, Instruments, Performance analysis, Writing, Power supplies. Abstract: With the commercial availability of high speed digital signal processors, it is now possible to implement all the linear predictive coding (LPC) tasks (excluding D-A/A-D conversion) on a single chip. In this paper, a very small, high quality, full-duplex, 10th order 2.4 kbps LPC vocoder is described. A single Texas Instruments TMS-320 microprocessor performs LPC analysis, pitch detection, synthesis, and data I/O. At the time of writing this paper, a total of 20 off-the-shelf integrated circuits were used occupying two thirds of a 14cm × 18cm wirewrap board (excluding power supply). The total power dissipation is less than 2 watts. The chip count may be reduced by a factor of two by combining the random logic on a semi-custom integrated circuit. When produced commercially, the cost of this vocoder should be considerably less than existing LPC units. |
7,604 | Please write an abstract with title: Recent progress in opto-electronic oscillator, and key words: Frequency, Microwave oscillators, Filters, Optical fiber devices, Phase noise, Phase modulation, Amplitude modulation, Bandwidth, Optical noise, Optical resonators. Abstract: unique device based on photonics techniques to generate highly spectrally pure microwave signals. The development of the OEO was motivated by the need for high performance oscillators in the frequency range larger than 10 GHz, where conventional electronic oscillators have a number of limitations. These limitations typically stem from the product of fQ, where f is the oscillator frequency and Q is the quality factor of the resonator in the oscillator. In conventional resonators, whether electromagnetic or piezoelectric, this product is usually a constant. Thus, as the oscillator frequency is pushed higher, the quality factor degrades, resulting in degradation of the phase noise of the oscillator. An approach to mitigate the problem is to start with a very high quality signal in the 5 to 100 MHz range generated by a quartz oscillator and multiply the frequency to achieve the desired microwave signal. Here again, frequency multiplication also results in an increase of the phase noise by a factor of 20logN, where N is the multiplication factor. |
7,605 | Please write an abstract with title: Power control system for minimizing SoC variation of ESS, and key words: Batteries, Mathematical model, State of charge, Load modeling, Power demand, Power grids, Data models. Abstract: This paper presents system and simulation result of state variation minimization in Energy Storage System (ESS) through flexible hourly power consumption of shiftable load and Electric Vehicle (EV). Depending on State of Charge (SoC) of ESS, electricity bills, battery stress and battery lifetime will be varied. Proposed system shaves peak load as well as minimizing SoC variation of ESS. |
7,606 | Please write an abstract with title: Improvement of Combined Aerial and Underwater Drone System, and key words: UAV, aerial drone, ROV, underwater drone, acoustic positioning, SSBL. Abstract: Underwater inspection work performed by ships and divers is always dangerous and consumes considerable time and money. Safer and more efficient underwater inspection work is therefore an important issue. To address this, we developed a combined aerial and underwater drone system which we reported on last year. It enables remote underwater inspection over LTE (mobile network) without using a boat or diver. However, we encountered some challenges with the previous body structure and functions such as it was sometimes difficult to combine the system with the ROV, and being swept away by ocean currents or winds on the sea surface. Therefore, we have made improvements to the system to rectify these issues. Using the improved drone system, we conducted demonstration experiments in domestic coastal waters and confirmed that the improvements were effective in an actual marine environment. This paper describes in detail the improvements made to our combined aerial and underwater drone system. |
7,607 | Please write an abstract with title: MG-Voltage: Characterizing and Mitigating Voltage Noise in MCM-GPU Architectures, and key words: Degradation, Scalability, High performance computing, Energy resolution, Graphics processing units, Voltage, Computer architecture. Abstract: Multi-chip-module (MCM) based package-level integration, a technology of forming large logical processing systems with small chiplets, is promising in the post-Moore era. It achieves great performance scalability and yield improvement for GPUs, which are highly desired by emerging high performance computing applications. However, critical problems, such as energy overhead and voltage instability, introduced by MCM-GPU designs, must be carefully resolved. Modern processors adopt large voltage guardbands to tolerate worst-case variations, such as voltage noises, which is pessimistic for most of the execution time. Exploiting supply voltage guardbands are effective to improve the processor’s energy efficiency. Even though voltage noise is studied for traditional monolithic GPUs, its effect on MCM-GPUs is unexplored.In this work, we characterize voltage noise effects on MCM-GPU architectures in detail. We analyze the maximum voltage droops of different applications, the temporal and spatial voltage droop distributions, and location-aware power variations. Based on the observations of staggered voltage droops across GPU modules (GPMs), we propose a GPM-aware voltage noise mitigation technique. Evaluation shows our technique is able to reduce the worst-case voltage droop by 29.4% on average, and up to 38.1% with negligible performance degradation. |
7,608 | Please write an abstract with title: Direct Calibration and Measurement of Microstrip Structures on Gallium Arsenide, and key words: Calibration, Microstrip, Gallium arsenide, Fixtures, Transmission line measurements, Microwave integrated circuits, Measurement techniques, Transmission line theory, Distributed parameter circuits, Circuit testing. Abstract: Measurements on coupled microstrip line structures on gallium arsenide are described which uses direct launch and calibration standards in the same microstrip medium. Novel techniques are adopted to ensure repeatability and overcome problems of fragility of the substrates. Measured results show good agreement with theoretical analysis. |
7,609 | Please write an abstract with title: Invariant feature extraction and biased statistical inference for video surveillance, and key words: Feature extraction, Video surveillance, Videoconference. Abstract: Using cameras for detecting hazardous or suspicious events has spurred new research for security concerns. To make such detection reliable, researchers trust overcome difficulties such as variation in camera capabilities, environmental factors. imbalances of positive and negative training data, and asymmetric costs of misclassifying events of different classes. Following up on the event-detection framework (Wu et al. (2003)) that we have proposed, we present in this paper the framework's two major components: invariant feature extraction and biased statistical inference. We report results of our experiments using the framework for detecting suspicious motion events in a parking lot. |
7,610 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of filter circuit of DC side in high-frequency current transformer based on battery performance measurement, and key words: Circuit analysis, Performance analysis, Current transformers, Power harmonic filters, Inductance, Battery charge measurement, Capacitance, Filtering theory, Switches, Impedance. Abstract: Along with the development of battery, the maintenance of battery becomes more and more important, performance measurement and capacity measurement of battery are needed. Moreover, the refreshment of the charge technique should not only feet the charge/discharge requirement of new battery, but also improve the quality of charge/discharge of battery, prolong the operation life span. The text discusses the choice and compare of several filters, on the basis of the demand of circuit in the process of charge or discharge. Finally, the T-filter is chose, the text analyze the dynamic response characteristic, especially when the load is capacitive load, analyze the response function, and the discussion of several physical quantity relatively. In order to eliminate the harmonic component and advance response speed, we design the filter parameter in particular. |
7,611 | Please write an abstract with title: Microstrip stub resonator on ferrite substrate, and key words: Microstrip resonators, Ferrites, Frequency, Saturation magnetization, Microwave technology, Magnetic materials, Reflection, Magnetosphere, Gaussian processes, Conductivity. Abstract: A simple reflection type stub resonator is designed at 6.0 GHz, which minimizes the end-gap coupling losses and therefore does not require tedious trial methods for calculating the coupling gap. Moreover, the performance versatility of the resonator could be increased by magnetic tuning. |
7,612 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic hybrid routing (DHR) in mobile ad hoc networks, and key words: Routing, Intelligent networks, Mobile ad hoc networks, Broadcasting, Unicast, Ad hoc networks, Wireless networks, Drives, Relays, Computer science. Abstract: The route discovery and maintenance processes in wireless mobile networks are very expensive tasks due to the mobility of the host. Route discovery requires a considerable amount of resources and therefore it is wise to utilize the effort already invested in existing paths. This paper proposes a dynamic hybrid routing (DHR) protocol in ad hoc networks, which constructs paths only upon demand by taking attributes from both proactive and reactive algorithms. The goal of DHR is to re-use, whenever possible, portions of several existing paths when establishing a new path. The reusability is accomplished by using dynamic proactive zones (PZs), through which nearby existing path information is disseminated. By utilizing the information stored in PZs, considerable savings (in time and traffic) can be achieved over other on-demand routing algorithms that use flooding. In other route-finding algorithms, proactive zones are formed throughout the network and remain unchanged, whereas in DHR, routes are created and destroyed dynamically around the existing paths. Even though DHR may not find the shortest path between source and destination, it does reduce the amount of traffic needed to find a path and therefore increases the available bandwidth for data transfer. |
7,613 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnetic Uncertainties for Compact Kibble Balances: An Investigation, and key words: Soft magnetic materials, Magnetic shielding, Magnetic noise, Current measurement, Measurement uncertainty, Inductance, Air gaps. Abstract: The Kibble balance has become one of the major instruments for realizing the mass unit, the kilogram, in the revised international system of units (SI). Researchers at about a dozen national metrology institutes (NMIs) are actively working with Kibble balances that are capable of weighing masses with nominal values from 10 g to 1 kg. In the future, the design of smaller Kibble balances will play a more significant role. Smaller Kibble balances require smaller magnet systems, and here we investigate the scaling of systematic uncertainties with the size of the magnet system. We describe the size dependence of three magnetic effects: the coil-inductance effect, the yoke nonlinear effect, and the thermal effect. The analysis shows that the relative systematic effects become increasingly larger with smaller sizes. For small magnets the thermal effects become dominant and, hence, a good thermal design is imperative. |
7,614 | Please write an abstract with title: DIAN: Differentiable Accelerator-Network Co-Search Towards Maximal DNN Efficiency, and key words: Electron accelerators, Boosting, Hardware, Time measurement, Low-power electronics, Task analysis, Field programmable gate arrays. Abstract: We present DIAN, a Differentiable Accelerator-Network Co-Search framework for automatically searching for matched networks and accelerators to maximize both the accuracy and efficiency. Specifically, DIAN integrates two enablers: (1) a generic design space for DNN accelerators that is applicable to both FPGA- and ASIC-based DNN accelerators; and (2) a joint DNN network and accelerator co-search algorithm that enables the simultaneous search for optimal DNN structures and their accelerators. Experiments and ablation studies based on FPGA measurements and ASIC synthesis show that the matched networks and accelerators generated by DIAN consistently outperform state-of-the-art (SOTA) DNNs and DNN accelerators (e.g., 3.04× better FPS with a 5.46% higher accuracy on ImageNet), while requiring notably reduced search time (up to $1234.3\times)$ over SOTA co-exploration methods, when evaluated over ten SOTA baselines on three datasets. |
7,615 | Please write an abstract with title: AI-VR Platform for Hand Rehabilitation, and key words: Visualization, Tracking, Sociology, Virtual reality, Muscles, Statistics, System analysis and design. Abstract: Fractures and injuries can happen anytime to any person. However, there are body parts such as the upper limbs that have a high recurrence of lesions such as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), Scaphoid fracture and Trigger Finger (TF) which are more prevalent in young adult populations. The purpose of this work is to develop an AI-VR-based hand rehabilitation system with a quantitative objective scale that aims to optimize the rehabilitation of the patients. The system analyses muscle (EMG) signals using an AI algorithm to classify different rehabilitation movements and provides visual feedback through a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. Moreover, a tracking hand system was used to acquire the difference in degrees for each movement to keep track of the hand movement in order to provide a better measure of accuracy. |
7,616 | Please write an abstract with title: Virtual Instrument Technology for Elevator Safety Monitoring and Alarm System, and key words: Elevators, Monitoring, Cameras, Floors, Safety, Accidents, Debugging. Abstract: Recently, with the increase of high-rise buildings, as a convenient tool, elevator has become more and more popular. However, the cost of safety monitoring equipment is relatively high in the elevator market, and is not suitable for the promotion of small and medium-sized elevator use. This paper makes use of virtual instrument technology to monitor the operation state of elevator. Labview visual module has a large of specialized controls and function libraries, with cameras. It can monitor and warn the elevator running state efficiently and accurately. In addition, the system is easy to modify, can add some other common elevator conditions, such as calculating the number of passengers, face recognition and so on. The system will be more perfect by increasing functional models. |
7,617 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced Brillouin-based Fast Light via Rayleigh-scattered Random Lasing Oscillation in Half-open Linear Cavity, and key words: Rayleigh scattering, Scattering, Electro-optic modulators, Fast light, Laser excitation, Oscillators, Pump lasers. Abstract: We experimentally demonstrated Brillouin-induced fast light based on Rayleigh scattering-assisted half-open random lasing oscillation along kilometers optical fibers, providing enhanced all-optical manipulation of light group velocity. |
7,618 | Please write an abstract with title: NightDNet: A Semi-Supervised Nighttime Haze Removal Frame Work for Single Image, and key words: Deep learning, Technological innovation, Image synthesis, Atmospheric modeling, Imaging, Data models, Task analysis. Abstract: Because the radiation of the night scene is relatively complex, compared to the situation where the atmospheric light is globally consistent during the day, the night image dehazing is more challenging. Due to the complex atmospheric imaging conditions, the night haze image synthesis method is not mature enough, and the synthesized night haze images are easy to distinguish. Existing night dehazing methods use hand-designed prior knowledge, but prior knowledge is not very stable for real scenes and is prone to serious failures. In this work, we propose a weakly supervised image translation method. This method is a generative confrontation network combining haze atmosphere imaging model to translate the image from hazy to clear domain. The train and test data we use is all public and real night outdoor images, so the trained model can generate realistic nighttime images without haze. |
7,619 | Please write an abstract with title: A GAN-Based Anti-obfuscation Detection Method for Malicious Code, and key words: Training, Face recognition, Detectors, Machine learning, Gray-scale, Generative adversarial networks, Malware. Abstract: To avoid detection, malicious code developers often use various obfuscation methods to evade detection by malicious code detection systems. In this paper, we propose a GAN-based anti-obfuscation training method for malicious code detection models. The method addresses the problem that the obfuscated malicious code can easily evade the malicious code detector. Based on the idea of adversarial training, the method proposes to use GAN to enhance the data of small samples of obfuscated malicious code samples and use the data-enhanced samples to train the malicious code for anti-obfuscation to improve the detection performance of the malicious code detector against the obfuscated malicious code. Finally, experiments are conducted on three different malicious code detectors, and the experiments show that the anti-obfuscation training method proposed in this paper helps to improve the anti-obfuscation capability of the malicious code detector and enhance its detection performance against the obfuscated malicious code. |
7,620 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep Learning Inspired Belief Rule-Based Expert System, and key words: Uncertainty, Deep learning, Expert systems, Learning systems, Associative memory, Prediction algorithms, Fuzzy systems. Abstract: Recent technological advancements in the area of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud services, enable the generation of large amounts of raw data. However, the accurate prediction by using this data is considered as challenging for machine learning methods. Deep Learning (DL) methods are widely used to process large amounts of data because they need less preprocessing than traditional machine learning methods. Various types of uncertainty associated with large amounts of raw data hinder the prediction accuracy. Belief Rule-Based Expert Systems (BRBES) are widely used to handle uncertain data. However, due to their incapability of integrating associative memory within the inference procedures, they demonstrate poor accuracy of prediction when large amounts of data is considered. Therefore, we propose the integration of an associative memory based DL method within the BRBES inference procedures, allowing to discover accurate data patterns and hence, the improvement of prediction under uncertainty. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, which is named BRB-DL, it has been fine tuned against two datasets, one in the area of air pollution and the other in the area of power generation. The reliability of the proposed BRB-DL method, has also been compared with other DL methods such as Long-Short Term Memory and Deep Neural Network, and BRBES by taking into account of the air quality dataset from Beijing city and the power generation dataset of a combined cycle power plant. BRB-DL outperforms the above-mentioned methods in terms of prediction accuracy. For example, the Mean Square Error value of BRB-DL is 4.12 whereas for Long-Short Term Memory, Deep Neural Network, Fuzzy Deep Neural Network, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System and BRBES it is 18.66, 28.49, 17.05, 16.37 and 38.15 for combined cycle power plant respectively, which are significantly higher. |
7,621 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical method for determining the quantization error PDF of single-bit /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ Modulators, and key words: Quantization, Delta-sigma modulation, Delta modulation, Integral equations, Probability density function, Design methodology, Predictive models, Signal to noise ratio, Additive noise, Error analysis. Abstract: Existing models for the quantizer of /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators make assumptions on the probability density function (pdf) of the quantization error, or some other convenient signal of the modulator. In this paper, a method for the determination of this pdf for single-bit /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators is presented. First, a numerical method is proposed in order to solve the simplified equation for the quantization error pdf for first-order systems considering noiseless and noisy dc input signals. Then, it is shown how most practical high-order (>2)/spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators, resulting from well-established design methods, can be modeled as first-order systems plus an additive noise source at the input. Hence, their quantization error pdf is analyzed using the proposed method. Simulation results are shown to be in considerable agreement with those of the proposed method. |
7,622 | Please write an abstract with title: Three-Port Isolated Hybrid Converter for Power Supply Systems in EV, and key words: Ports (computers), Renewable energy sources, Power supplies, Windings, Soft switching, Voltage, Hybrid power systems. Abstract: A novel Three-Port Isolated Hybrid Converter (3-PIHC) applicable for power supply systems in EV applications were discussed in this paper. The proposed 3-PIHC topology employs a multilevel half bridge in the primary side of the converter which in turn reduces voltage stress across the primary side switches to half of the supply voltage. The power transfer between any ports in the proposed 3-PIHC is possible by selecting appropriate phase shift angles. The main challenge in this converter topology is that supply voltage variations results in increased RMS value of current stress across the semiconductor switches and the transformer windings, while employing conventional phase shift modulation. To enhance the performance of the proposed converter a new modulation technique has been applied and the power flow equations were derived. The performance of a 1.5kW, 3-PIHC converter was evaluated and presented. |
7,623 | Please write an abstract with title: Genetic programming with smooth operators for arithmetic expressions: diviplication and subdition, and key words: Genetic programming, Digital arithmetic, Computer science, System identification, Evolutionary computation, Iterative algorithms, Space exploration, Traveling salesman problems, Cities and towns, Boolean functions. Abstract: This paper introduces the smooth operators for arithmetic expressions as an approach to smoothening the search space in Genetic Programming (GP). Smooth operator GP interpolates between arithmetic operators such as * and /, thereby allowing a gradual adaptation to the problem. The suggested approach is compared to traditional GP on a system identification problem. |
7,624 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Recommendation System in Education Data Mining using Knowledge Discovery for Academic Predictive Analysis: Systematic Literature Review, and key words: Systematics, Databases, Education, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Market research, Knowledge discovery. Abstract: Recent studies of predictive data mining for academics typically produce datasets and methods that allow them to explore data from the education system and using this method is expected to better understand students and the classification in which they study. Many published datasets and methods on predictive data mining for academics are complex and different so that a comprehensive picture of the status of predictive data mining research is lost. Identifying and reviewing trends, topics, data sets, methods and answering research questions regarding predictive data mining for academia between 2017 and 2020 is the aim of this systematic review. Based on data search, 14 related studies were selected to be further identified. The analysis of the selected studies shows that eight topics are the focus and trend topics, namely classification, recommender systems, educational data mining, knowledge discovery databases, student prediction, academic performance, predictive analysis, and predictive analysis. The use of datasets in the selected studies shows that 100% of studies use private datasets and 0% of studies use public datasets. Of the twenty-one methods, there are five methods which are the methods with the most research users in the field of data mining education prediction. Identifies no strong consensus on which algorithm performs best when the study is viewed individually. Therefore, predictive studies on data mining for academics are trying as optimally as possible in choosing an algorithm model to produce more optimal predictions. |
7,625 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on digital welding technology of spacecraft pipeline system, and key words: Space vehicles, Robotic assembly, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Welding, Heuristic algorithms, Pipelines. Abstract: Based on the actual situation of pipeline production in the current spacecraft development process, this paper proposes a method for rapid calculation and simulation of joint poses in the pipeline system welding process, and designs a fast and accurate simulation of pipe joints A six-dimensional adjustment platform for the actual position and angle of the road assembly. Firstly, the spatial pose of the joint is studied. After that, a six-dimensional kinematic model of the adjustment platform is established, and the homogenous transformation matrix of the end of the platform relative to the base coordinate system is derived, and the relationship between the parameters of each motion axis and the function of the posture matrix is established; Finally, Adams dynamics simulation software was used to simulate and verify the pipe joint pose adjustment process, which proved the feasibility and accuracy of the pipe joint pose calculation algorithm and the space simulation process plan. |
7,626 | Please write an abstract with title: An improved normalized PLL-based high-order SMO for Sensorless Control of PMSM, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Low-pass filters, Sensorless control, Observers, Permanent magnet motors, Turning, Regulation. Abstract: When the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is reversed, using the traditional sliding-mode observer (SMO), there is a 180° phase difference between the actual electrical angle and the estimated value. This paper proposes an improved normalized phase-locked loop-based high-order sliding-mode observer (HSMO-INPLL) method to solve this problem. First, HSMO is used to observe the current and back-EMF to reduce the chattering of SMO and the phase delay caused by the low-pass filter (LPF). Secondly, the 180° phase difference in the reverse rotation of traditional SMO is analyzed. Finally, the angle and speed information are extracted by INPLL to solve this problem. The simulation model and ARM experimental platform are built. Simulation and experimental results show that HSMO-INPLL can significantly improve the velocity observation range and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of SMO, and it is highly efficient and feasible. |
7,627 | Please write an abstract with title: Synthesis of TLBO Algorithm Research, and key words: Conferences, Neural networks, Computational efficiency, Optimization, Consumer electronics, Convergence. Abstract: Teaching-Learning optimization (TLBO) is simple, easy to implement, requires few parameters to be tuned, and has a higher computational efficiency than traditional methods, which has been widely used in function optimization, neural network optimization, engineering optimization and other fields. However, there is also the phenomenon of precocious convergence. The paper briefly introduces the current state of research, the TLBO algorithm, analyzes the improvements and applications of the algorithm, and makes a prospect for the research. |
7,628 | Please write an abstract with title: An improved random neighborhood graph approach, and key words: Navigation, Feedback, Robots, Orbital robotics, Computer science, Sampling methods, Path planning, Topology, Data structures, Nearest neighbor searches. Abstract: As a general framework to determine a collision-free feedback motion strategies, the Random Neighborhood Graph (RNG) approach [19] defines a global navigation function over an approximate representation of the free configuration. In this paper, we improve the RNG approach in several aspects. We present an ANN-accelerated RNG construction a1gorithm to achieve near 1ogarithmic running time in each iteration of the RNG expansion. Two probabilistic termination conditions of the RNG constructibn a1gorithm are presented and analyzed. To help overcome the difficulty of narrow corridors, we also introduce a randoniized perturbation algorithm to enhance the sampling quality. Our implementation illustrates a significant performance improvement. |
7,629 | Please write an abstract with title: Semi-Analytic Spacecraft Maneuver Design with Stochastic Constraints, and key words: Space vehicles, Tensors, Uncertainty, Heuristic algorithms, Stochastic systems, Stochastic processes, Optimal control. Abstract: This paper develops the mathematical framework to use semi-analytic higher-order state transition tensor (STT) approximations of a nonlinear system to solve an optimal control problem with impulsive controls and stochastic constraints. It is shown that STTs can be used to construct several different constraint formulations to account for the nonlinear evolution of state uncertainties. An analytical optimization algorithm is developed which takes advantage of the easily differentiable properties of STTs. The proposed methodology is promising for situations with highly nonlinear dynamics but limited computational resources, such as on-board a spacecraft. |
7,630 | Please write an abstract with title: Conversational Query Rewriting with Self-Supervised Learning, and key words: Annotations, Learning automata, Conferences, Buildings, Training data, Signal processing, Acoustics. Abstract: Context modeling plays a critical role in building multi-turn dialogue systems. Conversational Query Rewriting (CQR) aims to simplify the multi-turn dialogue modeling into a single-turn problem by explicitly rewriting the conversational query into a self-contained utterance. However, existing approaches rely on massive supervised training data, which is labor-intensive to annotate. And the detection of the omitted important information from context can be further improved. Besides, intent consistency constraint between contextual query and rewritten query is also ignored. To tackle these issues, we first propose to construct a large-scale CQR dataset automatically via self-supervised learning, which does not need human annotation. Then we introduce a novel CQR model Teresa based on Transformer, which is enhanced by self-attentive keywords detection and intent consistency constraint. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on two public datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms existing CQR baselines significantly, and also prove the effectiveness of self-supervised learning on improving the CQR performance. |
7,631 | Please write an abstract with title: Background-Annihilated Target-Constrained Interference-Minimized Filter (TCIMF) for Hyperspectral Target Detection, and key words: Object detection, Detectors, Hyperspectral imaging, Training, Sparse matrices, Minimization, Kernel. Abstract: The target-constrained interference-minimized filter (TCIMF) has been widely used in various target detection applications for hyperspectral data exploitation. However, like other classic target detection algorithms, the complex background (BKG) of a scene significantly impacts its performance. To better cope with BKG, this article develops a BKG-annihilated TCIMF (BA-TCIMF) that can be implemented in two stages with BKG annihilation in the first stage followed by target detectability (TD) enhancement and target BKG suppression performed by TCIMF in the second stage. In particular, the second stage extracts additional BKG signatures from the BA data as unwanted signatures to enhance TD via orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) while suppressing target BKG in the BA data by constrained energy minimization (CEM). Depending upon how these two stages are carried out, three versions of BA-TCIMF, data sphered BA-TCIMF (DS-BA-TCIMF), low-rank and sparse matrix decomposition (LRaSMD) BA-TCIMF (LRaSMD-BA-TCIMF), and component decomposition analysis-BA-TCIMF (CDA-BA-TCIMF), are derived. Experimental results demonstrate that BA-TCIMF performs as it is designed and better than many existing target detection algorithms. |
7,632 | Please write an abstract with title: An optimal linear time algorithm for quasi-monotonic segmentation, and key words: Councils, Pattern recognition, Labeling, Data mining, Aggregates. Abstract: Monotonicity is a simple yet significant qualitative characteristic. We consider the problem of segmenting an array in up to K segments. We want segments to be as monotonic as possible and to alternate signs. We propose a quality metric for this problem, present an optimal linear time algorithm based on novel formalism, and compare experimentally its performance to a linear time top-down regression algorithm. We show that our algorithm is faster and more accurate. Applications include pattern recognition and qualitative modeling. |
7,633 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Ka-band TWT with Four Helix Channels, and key words: Electron beam applications, Broadband amplifiers, Traveling wave tubes, Simulation, Electromagnetic interference, Power amplifiers, Voltage. Abstract: A novel slow wave structure (SWS) based on four compressed helix channels is proposed to achieve simultaneous multiple signals amplification. It’s driven by one electron pencil beam. These four compressed helices are evenly distributed around the electron pencil beam in the middle of travelling wave tube (TWT). The input/output ports are located at ends of each compressed helix. Thus, the proposed novel SWS has four channels which are isolated from each other. Simulated results demonstrate that the proposed structure has a good transmission at 31–36GHz. The PIC simulation results show that each helix channel can get an output power of 21W and achievable gain of 16dB, when the beam voltage and current is set to 5300V and 0.4A, respectively. The multiple-channels TWT, which combines the virtues of the solid state amplifier and vacuum electronic device, is a promising SWS for miniaturized broadband electronic countermeasures (ECM). With advantage of multiple channels power synthesis, it is also an attractive choice for many applications, such as high power phased array radar detection based on vacuum electronic devices, big data radio communication, and broad-band EMI application. |
7,634 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive control of bilateral teleoperation system under denial of service attacks, and key words: Adaptive control, Robots, Mathematical model, Sensor systems, Denial-of-service attack, Symmetric matrices. Abstract: The adaptive control of bilateral teleoperation system under denial of service (DoS) attacks is studied in this letter. The model of bilateral teleoperation system under DoS attacks is presented. The adaptive controllers are designed to deal with the influence of data missing caused by packet dropouts and DoS attacks. Two Bernoulli distributed variables are introduced to describe the system dynamic for the case that both packet dropouts and DoS attacks are involved in the communication channels. The globally asymptotically stability criterion is proposed by using Lyapunov functional methods, which implies the dynamics of the Master and the Slave are globally asymptotically synchronized. A numerical example of two degree of freedom bilateral teleoperation system is provided to show the effectiveness of obtained results. |
7,635 | Please write an abstract with title: High Gain Rectangular Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G mm-Wave Wireless Communication, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Resonant frequency, Bandwidth, Wireless communication, Patch antennas, Microstrip antennas. Abstract: In this Paper a rectangular shape low profile, High gain and high efficiency patch antenna with rectangular slot is presented for 30 GHz 5G wireless communication. In fact 5G wireless communication system requires a compact size, low profile and simple design structure to make sure the reliability, mobility and high efficiency. The proposed antenna is designed on a compact Rogers Substrate Rt-5880 with overall dimensions of 4. 8$\times 5\times$ 0.508 mm with relative permittivity $\varepsilon$r of 2.2 and loss tangent $\delta$ value, 0.0009. the proposed design provides a very high gain of 10 dBi at resonance frequency of 30 GHz which is one of the distinct features of the proposed Antenna The Impedance bandwidth of the proposed design ranges from 29.5-30.5 GHz which is sufficient enough spectrum for smooth flawless communication. For achieving very high gain and efficiency no any complex performance improvement techniques has been utilized like Split Ring Resonator (CRR),Electromagnetic bandgap as well as extra metamaterial involvement which itself demands some extra challenges. the antenna is more than 98% efficient. The proposed antenna is designed and optimized using commercial 3D full-wave software, viz HFSS 2018 The simulated results qualify the required standard criteria for the value of reflection coefficient |SII|$\leq$-10dB. the of radiation pattern is directional.. all these attractive Performance parameters specify the proposed design as a potential candidate for 5G wireless Communication. |
7,636 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of Multi-Controller Locations in SDWAN using Various Method, and key words: Wide area networks, Performance evaluation, Electrical engineering, Costs, Clustering algorithms, Software, Partitioning algorithms. Abstract: Software Define Wide Area Network (SDWAN) is a solution for utilizing technology in sending information. SDWAN is designed by separating the control plane and data plane by applying the Software Define Network (SDN) concept; therefore, it can use physical devices more effectively and efficiently. With many nodes and spread, node grouping is needed to facilitate control and supervision that requires a controller in each cluster. Installing many nodes on SDWAN will require several controllers to make it more effective and efficient placement. Optimal controller placement will improve the performance of the network. In this study, determining the optimal controller location requires various methods that are interconnected with each other. The algorithms used are the Haversine method, Johnson's Algorithm, Partition Around Medoids (PAM), and Silhouette Analysis. The number of nodes and locations obtained from Zootopology in this research using the Indonesia Biznet network, therefore the recommendation for the optimal number of controllers is obtained using the Silhouette, Gap, Calinski-Harabasz, and Davies-Bouldien evaluation methods. The algorithms aim to get the optimal point by determining the number of controllers and recommendations for the optimal number of controllers as an initial recommendation for a company that uses this method. In this study, the most optimal number of controllers on the Biznet network with 29 nodes were two controllers and an average value of Silhouette analysis calculation of 0.51846. |
7,637 | Please write an abstract with title: Advanced algorithms for autonomous hyperspectral change detection, and key words: Change detection algorithms, Hyperspectral sensors, Hyperspectral imaging, Statistics, Surveillance, Reconnaissance, Remote sensing, Radiometry, Physics, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Persistent ISR (intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance) has proven its value as a tactic for national defense. This activity can collect, in particular, information necessary for executing an important concept of operations: wide-area autonomous change detection over long time intervals. Here we describe the remarkable potential of hyperspectral remote sensing systems for enabling such missions, using either visible or thermal infrared wavelengths. First we describe blind change detection, in which no target knowledge is assumed. Targets that have moved can nevertheless be distinguished from naturally occurring background radiometric changes through the use of multivariate statistics informed by simple physics. Detection relies on the ability of hyperspectral algorithms to predict certain conserved properties of background spectral patterns over long time intervals. We also describe a method of mitigating the most worrisome practical engineering difficulty in pixel-level change detection, image misregistration. This has led, in turn, to a method of estimating spectral signature evolution using multiple-scene statistics. Finally, we present a signature-based detection technique that fuses two discrimination mechanisms: use of some prior knowledge of target spectra, and the fact that a change has occurred. |
7,638 | Please write an abstract with title: Designing the Hierarchical Fuzzy Systems Via FuzzyR Toolbox, and key words: Fuzzy logic, Iris, Computer languages, Buildings, Hafnium, Tools, Programming. Abstract: The use of Hierarchical Fuzzy Systems (HFS) has been well acknowledged as a good approach in reducing the complexity and improving the interpretability of fuzzy logic systems (FLS). Over the past years, many fuzzy logic toolkits have been made available for type-1, interval type-2 and general type-2 fuzzy logic systems under different programming languages. However, it is still challenging for people, especially for those who are not expert in fuzzy systems or programming, to build models based on HFSs. The main reason could be the lack of practical tools and examples of using HFSs. This paper presents a step-by-step guide to the implementation of an HFS with the open-source toolbox, FuzzyR, utilising the R Programming Language. |
7,639 | Please write an abstract with title: Lung Nodule Segmentation and Uncertain Region Prediction with an Uncertainty-Aware Attention Mechanism, and key words: Lung Nodules Segmentation, Uncertainty, Multiple Annotations, Computed Tomography. Abstract: Radiologists possess diverse training and clinical experiences, leading to variations in the segmentation annotations of lung nodules and resulting in segmentation uncertainty. Conventional methods typically select a single annotation as the learning target or attempt to learn a latent space comprising multiple annotations. However, these approaches fail to leverage the valuable information inherent in the consensus and disagreements among the multiple annotations. In this paper, we propose an Uncertainty-Aware Attention Mechanism (UAAM) that utilizes consensus and disagreements among multiple annotations to facilitate better segmentation. To this end, we introduce the Multi-Confidence Mask (MCM), which combines a Low-Confidence (LC) Mask and a High-Confidence (HC) Mask. The LC mask indicates regions with low segmentation confidence, where radiologists may have different segmentation choices. Following UAAM, we further design an Uncertainty-Guide Multi-Confidence Segmentation Network (UGMCS-Net), which contains three modules: a Feature Extracting Module that captures a general feature of a lung nodule, an Uncertainty-Aware Module that produces three features for the annotations’ union, intersection, and annotation set, and an Intersection-Union Constraining Module that uses distances between the three features to balance the predictions of final segmentation and MCM. To comprehensively demonstrate the performance of our method, we propose a Complex-Nodule Validation on LIDC-IDRI, which tests UGMCS-Net’s segmentation performance on lung nodules that are difficult to segment using common methods. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can significantly improve the segmentation performance on nodules that are difficult to segment using conventional methods. |
7,640 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards a general-purpose sequence design system in DNA computing, and key words: Sequences, DNA computing, Design engineering, Chemicals, Design optimization, Hamming distance, Biochemistry. Abstract: Sequence design has turned out to be a crucial factor in successful DNA computing. We present a support system for sequence design in DNA computing. Our system can fit various requirements for sequence design. The /spl beta/-version of this software is available for download. |
7,641 | Please write an abstract with title: Improvement of particle outbreak for chamber wall deterioration, and key words: Etching, Voltage, Plasma measurements, Constitution, Fault detection, Plasma applications, Semiconductor devices, Particle measurements, Ceramics, Data mining. Abstract: We used fault detect and classification (FDC) application to collect sensor's data of tool. The origin of particles is specified by correlating the data with plasma parameters. We proved particles were caused by the deterioration of chamber wall. The deterioration is the coat of Al alumilite peels off from chamber wall. After recoating the coat of Al alumilite on chamber wall, the outbreak of particles reduced. |
7,642 | Please write an abstract with title: COVID-19 Spreading Prediction with Enhanced SEIR Model, and key words: COVID-19, Epidemics, Adaptation models, Computational modeling, Sociology, Optimization methods, Predictive models. Abstract: The COVID-19 epidemic broke out at the end of 2019 and developed into a global infectious disease in early 2020. In order to understand the spreading trend of the epidemic, we propose an enhanced epidemiology predictive model—eSEIR model by improving the well-mixed SEIR model on the infectious disease dynamics. The eSEIR model incorporates an optimization method to calculate β and γ parameters. Our proposed model is verified using the epidemic data in Italy and China with reduced RMSE (root mean square error) of the predicted curves, and is used to predict the potential epidemic progress in the United States. |
7,643 | Please write an abstract with title: Didactic Prototype for Teaching the MQTT Protocol Based on Free Hardware Boards and Node-RED, and key words: Hardware, Ethernet, Education, Prototypes, Protocols, Meteorology, Microprogramming. Abstract: Due to the constant evolution of the technologies related to the Internet of Things and the great expansion of the protocols and devices that possibilitate their use, there is a need to enforce and to approach the study of its concepts and applications to the students of electronic engineering and technical university careers. In this work, a weather station is designed and built based on low-cost technologies, whose data can be visible through an online platform designed for this purpose. The weather station is oriented to be used in laboratory practices and for teaching of subjects related to IoT, sensing platforms, communication platforms, etc. The general objective of the low-cost weather station platform is to provide a didactic, portable and simple design for replication in classroom in order to provide a whole system from the beginning to the students. Thanks to the use of this low cost platform it was possible to perform better approach to this technology obtaining great improvements in the learning process of the students. |
7,644 | Please write an abstract with title: Sentiment Analysis of Tweets Related to SUS Before and During COVID-19 pandemic, and key words: Social networking (online), Blogs, COVID-19, Pandemics, Sentiment analysis, Internet, Visualization. Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the whole world since the beginning of 2020. In Brazil, over 70% of the population rely on the Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS). Knowing public opinion related to SUS is very important for the improvement of services and assistance provided by such an entity. Sentiment analysis has been used in several applications including social networks and blogs to extract public opinion. Despite the fact that other papers have already worked with sentiment analysis, none of them have focused on SUS. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to analyse the sentiments shown by Brazillian Twitter users about SUS before and during COVID-19 pandemic. To reach this goal, a database of portuguese tweets regarding SUS posted between december 2019 and october 2020 was created. The tweets were pre-processed, classified and then analysed. The results show that, in most cases, users are in favor of SUS. |
7,645 | Please write an abstract with title: Usability of a 5G Fronthaul Based on a DML and External Modulation for M-QAM Transmission Over Photonically Generated 40 GHz, and key words: Optical fibers, Optical modulation, Modulation, Bandwidth, Optical attenuators, Optical filters, Optical transmitters. Abstract: In this paper, we numerically and experimentally present the bandwidth constraints of a cost-effective 5G mobile fronthaul based on a directly-modulated laser for data modulation and a Mach-Zehnder modulator-based optical double sideband with carrier suppression scheme for optical millimeter wave (mmW) signal generation. The effect of chirp, fiber dispersion and a combination of both on different bandwidth M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) signals, i.e. M = 4, 16 and 64, at 40 GHz has also been investigated. Simulation results are first carried out to evaluate the impact of higher chirp of the directly-modulated laser on the link performance as a function of modulation format and signal bandwidth. We then experimentally demonstrate the same scheme transmitting M-QAM signals with bandwidths ranging from 50 to 1000 MHz over a 10 km long single mode fiber. Both experimental and simulation results show that larger signal bandwidths lead to higher optical power penalties due to the combined effect with the error vector magnitudes (EVMs), however still satisfying the required limits of 3GPP standard for all QAM signals. Experimental measurements also show the feasibility of including free space optics links in the optical distribution network with no further significant penalties. Finally, a multiband signal (three-band) transmission is demonstrated leading to an increase of the total bitrate with the measured EVMs are well below the EVM requirement. |
7,646 | Please write an abstract with title: Deployment of a Policy-Based Management System for the Dynamic Provision of IPsec-Based VPNs in IPv6 Networks, and key words: Virtual private networks, Intelligent networks, Protocols, Cryptography, Communication system security, Open source software, IP networks, Authentication, Internet, Protection. Abstract: Security is considered as a key service in IP networks. This is equally true for IPv4- and IPv6-based networks, and for them the IPsec protocol was defined to provide security at the network layer. IPsec can be used in different scenarios, being the VPN the most widely used. However, IPsec-based VPNs are experiencing important limitations mainly because they are usually based on information manually configured, and the integration with PKI-related services is still under definition and is far from being mature. This is especially true in IPv6 networks where IPsec is defined as a mandatory component to be implemented in all stacks and PKI services in these networks are just starting to be designed and deployed. This paper describes how IPsec-based VPNs can be dynamically deployed in an IPv6 network as the one designed in the Euro6IX EU IST project. Such dynamicity is provided using a new management paradigm based on security policies. |
7,647 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Scalability And Security Medical Dataset Using Recurrent Neural Network And Blockchain Technology, and key words: Technological innovation, Recurrent neural networks, Automation, Scalability, Information security, Blockchains, Task analysis. Abstract: Nowadays, dealing with medical data is very difficult task. Because medical dataset contains very sensible details. And also handling of this crucial data is another difficult task. While dealing and handling with such data’s, data leakage problem may occur which paves the way to unstable the cloud environment. Existing approaches enables blockchain technology over cloud environment by processing large amounts of raw data which in turn reduces the overall network performance. In order to overcome these issues, we suggest a blockchain technology combined with Recurrent Neural Networks. The main objectives of the proposed system are two folded. Initially, we classify the data into high priority and low priority using Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to improve the performance and scalability. Second, the blockchain technology is applied over high priority data to enhance the security of the sensitive information. Then, the low priority data is stored into a separate log file for later use. Comparison results have shown that the proposed system outperforms existing systems. |
7,648 | Please write an abstract with title: Visualization as a Tool to Understand the Experience of College Students with Autism, and key words: Autism, Conferences, Data visualization, Tools, Software, Physiology. Abstract: College students with autism have an estimated retention rate of 38.8% in the USA, which is attributed to challenges resulting from mental and behavioral problems, lack of adequate support from colleges, and a lack of awareness of their unique needs. We propose visualizations guided by the self-determination theory to help understand the experiences and needs of college students with autism and to empower them to manage their behavior. The visualizations are created based on physiological and contextual data collected from 20 college students (10 with autism, 10 neurotypical) using Fitbit and smartphone, and are incorporated in a dashboard to offer seamless access. We evaluated the effectiveness of these visualizations by conducting a lab study (N=18) and learned that such visualizations can highlight experiences of students with autism, can enhance awareness about individuals’ behaviors and habits, and can help to identify areas that can potentially improve the college experience. |
7,649 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Online Trajectory Planning for Integrator Chain Dynamics Using Polynomial Elimination, and key words: Trajectory, Planning, Trajectory planning, Vehicle dynamics, Switches, Heuristic algorithms, Decision trees. Abstract: Providing smooth reference trajectories can effectively increase performance and accuracy of tracking control applications while overshoot and unwanted vibrations are reduced. Trajectory planning computations can often be simplified significantly by transforming the system dynamics into decoupled integrator chains using methods such as feedback linearization, differential flatness or the Brunovsky normal form. We present an efficient method to plan trajectories for integrator chains subject to derivative bound constraints. Therefore, an algebraic precomputation algorithm formulates the necessary conditions for time optimality in form of a set of polynomial systems, followed by a symbolic polynomial elimination using Gröbner bases. A fast online algorithm then plans the trajectories by calculating the roots of the decomposed polynomial systems. These roots describe the switching time instants of the input signal and the full trajectory simply follows by multiple integration. This method presents a systematic way to compute fast, for low system orders even time optimal trajectories exactly via algebraic calculations without numerical approximation iterations. It is applied to various trajectory types with different continuity order, asymmetric derivative bounds and non-rest initial and final states. |
7,650 | Please write an abstract with title: Construction of Scenic Spots Knowledge Map under the Integration of Culture and Tourism, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Statistical analysis, Databases, Cultural differences. Abstract: In the context of culture and tourism integration, how to achieve the combination of the two effectively is an urgent question to be explored. This study builds a structured database of the overlapping attractions by finding the intersection of the cultural relics protection units and tourist attractions, and conducts thematic analysis, statistical analysis, and feature cross-analysis. Then, a spots knowledge map system with functions of culture popularization and tourism recommendation is finally constructed. The results show that there is a certain relationship between the overlapping attractions, which have obvious spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. The spots knowledge map system will be open to the public and help to promote the popularization of cultural tourism knowledge. |
7,651 | Please write an abstract with title: A Glance On Various Image Denoising Techniques, and key words: Denoising, Convolutional Neural Network, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Generative Adversarial Network. Abstract: Since more and more digital images are being shot every day, there is an increase in demand for images that are more precise and aesthetically beautiful. But noise continually reduces the clarity of the visual images taken by the cameras that are now available. Therefore, efforts must be made to handle edges, corners and other sharp elements independently in order to extract useful information without degrading visual quality. Until now academics have presented a wide range of noise reduction strategies in an effort to eliminate noise while maintaining the image’s characteristics. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique vary acccordingly. This paper summarizes some of the important image denoising techniques and their feature research. Furthermore, the paper presents the various evaluation metrics used for performance evaluation of different techniques. |
7,652 | Please write an abstract with title: Generation of Intense Terahertz Radiation from Relativistic Laser Plasma, and key words: Pulse amplifiers, Plasma applications, Optical pulse generation, Ultrafast optics, Nonlinear optics, Optical saturation, Optical pulses, Gas lasers, Pump lasers, Infrared detectors. Abstract: Terahertz (THz) radiation from a Ta foil excited by tabletop terawatt (T-cube) laser pulses is observed. The mechanism of the terahertz radiation is attributed not to the black body radiation from a Ta plasma but to laser-plasma interaction, i.e. coherent plasma oscillation, nonlinear optical effect, and relativistic electron beam acceleration |
7,653 | Please write an abstract with title: Throughput of realistic multi-user MIMO-OFDM systems, and key words: Throughput, Base stations, Frequency, Fading, Channel state information, Signal processing, Bandwidth, MIMO, Interference cancellation, Upper bound. Abstract: We present an architecture for a realistic multi-user multi-antenna system operating on a frequency selective fading channel. We argue that it is highly unlikely that the base station has access to full channel state information and we design our system accordingly. By splitting the signal processing burden between the base station and the individual receivers, we take into consideration possible upgrades of the system and likely heterogeneity of the receivers. The proposed system divides the available transmission bandwidth into sub-bands and uses a layered MIMO approach to transmit information to all users, which in turn employ some form of interference cancellation. Based on simulations, we show the influence of different system parameters on upper bounds on the downlink throughput of the system. |
7,654 | Please write an abstract with title: Source Routing Protocol Based on Bayesian Network for Wireless Sensor Networks, and key words: Wireless Sensor Networks, Multi-path, Bayesian network, Routing. Abstract: Multi-path routing is always the focus in wireless sensor networks. Either energy efficiency or QoS is taken into account in the existing multi-path routing, which makes the protocol not realize in both requirements. In this paper, the paths selection approach based on Bayesian network are introduced into the multi-path routing establishment, while two phase path selection mechanism according to Path ID and Path Ability respectively, are applied into the protocol. The simulation shows that BNSR is better than the other protocols on longivity and transmission delay. |
7,655 | Please write an abstract with title: Synchronization of Radiography for Newborns Heart Study Using Electrocardiogram Analysis, and key words: Electrocardiography, X-ray imaging, Synchronization, Pediatrics, Adaptive filters, Diagnostic radiography, Neonatology. Abstract: The paper considers the possibility of using electrocardiogram analysis to synchronize the X-ray examination of the heart of newborns. The determination of the moment of the diastolic phase on the electrocardiogram allows radiography to be performed at a time when the patient's heart is at rest, which can significantly improve the quality of X-ray images. The paper presents the method of diastolic phase recognition on the electrocardiogram and the synchronization algorithm. |
7,656 | Please write an abstract with title: A new SCCD specific measurement technique to determine the effective fast interface state density, and key words: Measurement techniques, Interface states, Charge transfer, Electrodes, Tellurium, Electron traps, Frequency, Computer interfaces, Performance loss, Testing. Abstract: Taking into account the thermally generated minority carriers to determine the background charge level along a SCCD, a measurement technique is described to obtain an effective fast interface state density N/SUB SSeff/. Compared to other SCCD specific methods the authors achieve better accuracy. The measurement technique is simple to apply and is useful to determine very small values of N/SUB SSeff/. |
7,657 | Please write an abstract with title: A diode-pumped laser system for the photo-injector of an accelerator, and key words: Diodes, Acceleration, Pulse amplifiers, Laser stability, Optical pulses, Optical design, Test facilities, Electron accelerators, Power lasers, Steady-state. Abstract: In this paper, we present the design of a laser system for the CTF3 test facility for the Compact Linear Collider at CERN. The accelerator requires high repeatability of the charge per electron bunch, meaning that the energy stability of the laser system must be better than 0.25%. The laser will produce 1.5 /spl mu/s flat- top pulse trains of /spl sim/2300 micro-pulses, with 15 kW average power in the pulse train at the fundamental wavelength of 1047 nm. This will he achieved by amplifying a CW pulse train in a pulsed diode-pumped Nd:YLF amplifier. Our amplifier is designed to run in steady-state, in a configuration producing flat-top pulses with energy stability better than 1% which will then be feedback stabilised. |
7,658 | Please write an abstract with title: Control of Soft Architecture of Distributed Complex Information Security Systems, and key words: Analytical models, Decision making, Information security, Process control, Computer architecture, Organizations, Tools. Abstract: The article discusses the actual grounds for the development of soft architectures of distributed complex information security systems. The innovative principles of organizing soft architectures of distributed complex information security systems are formulated. Alternatives of classes of formal descriptions of subsystems of distributed complex information security systems are given. Formalisms for end-to-end linking of different classes of descriptions are proposed. The target landmarks of soft architecture management have been profiled. The support basis for the components of controlled soft architectures is highlighted. The mathematical apparatus for the formation of key elements of the selected reference basis of the components is presented. The developed software for managing the soft architecture of distributed complex information security systems is described. |
7,659 | Please write an abstract with title: Hunting Vulnerable Smart Contracts via Graph Embedding Based Bytecode Matching, and key words: Smart contracts, Task analysis, Interference, Blockchain, Prototypes, Business, Virtual machining. Abstract: Smart contract vulnerabilities have attracted lots of concerns due to the resultant financial losses. Matching-based detection methods extrapolating known vulnerabilities to unknown have proven to be effective in other platforms. However, directly adopting the technique to smart contracts is obstructed by two issues, i.e., diversity of bytecode generation resulting from the rapid evolution of compilers and interference of noise code easily caused by the homogeneous business logics. To address the problems, we propose contract bytecode-oriented normalization and slicing techniques to augment bytecode matching. Specifically, we conduct data- and instruction-level normalizations to uniform the bytecode generated by different compilers, and enforce contract-specific slicing by tracking data- and control-flows with simulated bytecode executions to prune the noise code as far as possible. Based on the above techniques, we design an unsupervised graph embedding algorithm to encode the code graphs into quantitatively comparable vectors. The potentially vulnerable smart contracts can be identified by measuring the similarities between their vectors and known vulnerable ones. Our evaluations have shown the efficiency (0.47 seconds per contract on average), effectiveness (160 verified true positives) and high precision (91.95% for top-ranked). It is worth noting that, we also identify dozens of honeypot contracts, further demonstrating the capability of our method. |
7,660 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnetic Fault–Tolerant Navigation Filter for a UAV, and key words: Magnetometers, Navigation, Accelerometers, Magnetic sensors, Gyroscopes, Force measurement. Abstract: The heading state of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) often diverges due to magnetic field disturbances, although the magnetic field can provide information about the heading. In this paper, we propose a novel magnetic fault-tolerant navigation filter (MFTNF) for UAVs, which combines a primary filter and a magnetometer-free attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) as a secondary backup filter to obtain an accurate and robust heading under an unknown magnetic disturbance. In the MFTNF framework, the primary filter that uses the magnetic field is the main filter used in normal situations for estimating the attitude, position, and velocity states. When an anomaly in the magnetic field is detected, the magnetometer-free AHRS replaces the heading of the primary filter. To detect magnetic disturbances, a novel decision-making algorithm is proposed in this paper. Flight experiments with UAVs demonstrate that the MFTNF is accurate and reliable under an unknown magnetic disturbance and that in such circumstances, the conventional approaches typically exhibit degraded accuracy in estimating the heading and the position. In addition, the advantage of the proposed MFTNF is that it always produces a robust heading estimate, regardless of the degree of magnetic interference, due to the magnetometer-free AHRS. |
7,661 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-destructive testing of sewer pipes by an acoustical method, and key words: Acoustic testing, Nondestructive testing, Vibration measurement, Water pollution, Acoustic signal detection, Surface acoustic wave devices, Surface contamination, Surface cracks, Acoustic measurements, Pollution measurement. Abstract: Due to defects in sewer systems there is a constant loss of waste water thus polluting the environment. An acoustical impact test device was developed to investigate the condition of sewer pipes. Cracks in the pipe wall can be detected by calculating the arrival times of the waves generated by a hammer impact on the inner pipe surface. Additionally the bedding conditions of sewer pipes can be evaluated by measuring the vibrations excited by the impact resulting in eigenmodes. The natural frequencies of the pipes being investigated were obtained by numerical calculations. The calculations allow precise data analysis yielding good and reproducible results. Numerical and experimental examples are given. |
7,662 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of Full-Bridge Resonant Converter with GaN E-HEMT, and key words: Resistors, Power system measurements, Density measurement, Photonic band gap, Switching frequency, RLC circuits, Switching loss. Abstract: Increasing the switching frequency of the power converters can increase the power density, but it will cause more switching losses. Gallium nitride enhancement mode high electron mobility transistors (GaN E-HEMTs) have fast switching speed characteristic, it is suitable for high switching frequency applications. In this paper, GaN E-HEMTs are used as the main switches of the full-bridge resonant converter with soft-switching to increase the power density with high frequency operation. The characteristics of GaN E-HEMT are investigated, the operating principles of full-bridge resonant converter are analyzed, and the design considerations of gate drive circuits are discussed in this paper. The digital signal processor, TMS320F28335, is used as the main controller. Finally, an experimental prototype is built with the switching frequency of 1 MHz, the input voltage of 380-420 V, the output voltage of 48 V, and the rated power of 960 W The highest efficiency is 90.5 % at 50 % load. |
7,663 | Please write an abstract with title: Sapphire end-cooling of high-power cryogenic Yb:YAG disk laser, and key words: Cryogenics, Thermal conductivity, Temperature, Cooling, Optical pumping, Crystals, Nitrogen, Power lasers, Pump lasers, Laser excitation. Abstract: We have demonstrated a high-power laser oscillator with end-cooling using a sapphire-sandwiched sapphire-sandwiched sapphire-sandwiched Yb:YAG disk at liquid nitrogen temperature. An output power of 75 W with near-diffraction-limited beam was obtained from a 0.6-mm thick active medium. |
7,664 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Calculation of Benchmark Rate of the Mining Rights Transfer Proceeds: Taking Iron Ore as an Example, and key words: the mining rights transfer proceeds, benchmark price, benchmark rate, iron ore, model. Abstract: The mining rights transfer proceeds reflects the rights of nation as the mineral resources owners, and in recent years, some regions have explored the collection of the mining rights transfer proceeds through the method of proceeds rate. Through comparative research, it is suggested that the calculation of benchmark rate of mining right transfer proceeds should be mainly based on the benchmark price conversion method, and the resource rent method and the transaction case comparison method should be used for comparative verification. Taking iron ore as an example, the benchmark rate of the mining rights transfer proceeds for open-mining iron ore is 2.0%, and pit mining iron ore is 1.9%. At present, the research on the benchmark rate of mining right transfer proceeds in various regions is still in its infancy, and it is recommended that relevant departments organize relevant experts as soon as possible to study and formulate guidelines for the verification of the benchmark rate of mining right transfer proceeds , and further standardize and guide relevant local practice. |
7,665 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and Verifying Uncertainty-Aware Timing Behaviors using Parametric Logical Time Constraint, and key words: Timing, Clocks, Uncertainty, Jitter, Task analysis, Schedules, Unified modeling language. Abstract: The Clock Constraint Specification Language (CCSL) is a logical time based modeling language to formalize timing behaviors of real-time and embedded systems. However, it cannot capture timing behaviors that contain uncertainties, e.g., uncertainty in execution time and period. This limits the application of the language to real-world systems, as uncertainty often exists in practice due to both internal and external factors. To capture uncertainties in timing behaviors, in this paper we extend CCSL by introducing parameters into constraints. We then propose an approach to transform parametric CCSL constraints into SMT formulas for efficient verification. We apply our approach to an industrial case which is proposed as the FMTV (Formal Methods for Timing Verification) Challenge in 2015, which shows that timing behaviors with uncertainties can be effectively modeled and verified using the parametric CCSL. |
7,666 | Please write an abstract with title: A security analysis of the Internet Chess Club, and key words: Internet, Web server, Computer security, Information security, Network servers, Privacy, Protocols, Protection, Binary search trees, Programming profession. Abstract: The Internet Chess Club (ICC) is a popular online chess server that started its existence in the early 1990s as the Internet chess server. Although the ICC Web site assures its users that the security protocol employed between the client and the server protects sensitive information, the authors show that this isn't true. This article examines two security aspects of the ICC. In moving from a free service to a commercial one, ICC's administrators introduced several enhancements to the original system, including time-stamping, a network security protocol, and online payments. |
7,667 | Please write an abstract with title: A Double Band-Notched UWB Antenna Based on Complementary ERR-Defected Ground, and key words: Resonant frequency, Planar arrays, Microstrip antennas, Ultra wideband antennas, Microstrip, Optical ring resonators, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: In this paper we introduce the complementary electric ring resonator (C-ERR) for a defected ground structure (DGS) in deal with a double band-notched ultra-wideband (UWB) planar antenna. The microstrip-fed monopole circular patch configuration was used for a baseline UWB planar antenna. It shows the UWB band response over 2.513 GHz. With applying the C-ERR based DGS structure into the baseline antenna, the notched frequencies were generated over that of the UWB band. The mechanism of the coupling effect is potential to dominate the electromagnetic process between the C-ERR element and microstrip feed-line. The targeted notch frequencies were designed in a control of a relevant dimension of the C-ERR element. |
7,668 | Please write an abstract with title: Research and Analysis on the Angles Normalization of the Domestic GF-1 Satellite Based on MODIS BRDF Products, and key words: Reflectivity, Earth, Satellites, Artificial satellites, Atmospheric modeling, Satellite broadcasting, Data models. Abstract: With the widespread application of multi-source remote sensing data, there are higher requirements for the consistency of data interpretation of different sensors. In view of the fact that the wide space coverage of the wide-format multispectral sensor carried by the domestic GF-1 satellite has a large observation field of view, a normalized model of the angle of the domestic high-resolution satellite is proposed to eliminate the differences caused by the observation geometry between the wide-width multispectral sensors of the domestic high-resolution satellite. Landsat-8 images are used as auxiliary data for orthography correction, and cross radiometric calibration method and atmospheric correction of 6S model are used for radiometric correction. Combined with MODIS low-resolution BRDF product data, the linear semi-empirical kernel-driven model was used to conduct BRDF correction for reflectivity data, and the observation angle is normalized to zenzenical direction. The reflectivity data of the Landsat-8 product is then used to compare with the effects. The results show that the normalized images have better reflectance information, and the rates of change in the first band of each sensor are 12.7%, 5.33%, 3.8%, and 5.07%, respectively, which confirms the applicability and feasibility of this angle normalization method. |
7,669 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Design and Manufacturing Collaboration of Ship Shop, and key words: Manufacturing, Marine vehicles, Collaboration, Cloud computing, Production, Data integration, Solid modeling. Abstract: In view of the problem of “information island” caused by the lack of collaborative management of application software in the current design and manufacturing process of ship shop, this paper puts forward a scheme of building application collaboration of ship shop design and manufacturing on the basis of private cloud platform. All kinds of resources needed in the whole life cycle of ship design and manufacturing are packaged together. Ship design and manufacturing units distributed in different places connect the private cloud platform, utilize the design and manufacturing resources on the cloud, realize business collaboration between design and manufacturing applications, and make the seamless flow of design and manufacturing data through. |
7,670 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fully Integrated, High Speed, Motion Controller Hardware Accelerator for Autonomous Systems, and key words: Actuators, Autonomous systems, Life estimation, Jitter, Software, Timing, Motion control. Abstract: Efficient and accurate motion control for any autonomous system (such as, aerial vehicles, ground robots) is a major challenge for robotics researchers and enthusiasts. Fast moving systems demand accurate control of motion for robust operation. To achieve this, high loop rate with fixed minimum jitter is required. As the size of these robots shrinks, they become more agile and are capable of performing very aggressive maneuvers. For such operations, the overall control loop timing requirements become critical. In state-of-the-art approaches, the problem of motion control is solved using a dedicated microcontroller with a specialized software stack. However, in this approach, the control loop suffers from jitter. Also, this approach fails for a multi-axis system (with increased number of axis in the system). Further, this approach increases the hardware component on the platform which adds to the total cost and weight. These challenging requirements demand a dedicated hardware accelerator for efficient operation. To this end, we devise an architecture and data flow for the design of motion controller hardware accelerator for the autonomous system use cases. This accelerator implements the complete control loop in hardware and allows multiple controllers (hence multiple actuators or motors) to run in parallel. Motion controller (MC) hardware accelerator was implemented and integrated on a test System-on-Chip (SoC) and the performance was fully characterized. Further, we have demonstrated the hardware accelerator operation on a physical mobile autonomous robotic system (ground and aerial vehicle). The experimental results demonstrate efficient control operation and our solution achieves ∼44x faster response time and ∼1000x improvement in overall power consumption compared to the software based solution. |
7,671 | Please write an abstract with title: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing Protocol for Clustered EV-VANET, and key words: Clustering algorithms, Routing, Routing protocols, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Reliability, Learning (artificial intelligence), Electric vehicles. Abstract: Vehicular Ad hoc Network for electric vehicles (EV-VANET) is an information and communication network composed of electric vehicles (EVs), charging stations and power grid. Due to the mobility and sparse distribution of electric vehicles, there exist many problems such as unstable link connection and routing void, so the reliability of communication between nodes cannot be guaranteed. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning-based routing protocol for clustered EV-V ANET (RLRC), where the network is divided into some clusters by employing the improved K-Harmonic Means (KHM) algorithm to improve the stability of cluster structure. RLRC uses reinforcement learning (RL) to calculate the Q-Value and evaluate the future reward of a decision, in which the available bandwidth and relative EVs movement are taken into account to improve the reliability and efficiency of the route. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed protocol. |
7,672 | Please write an abstract with title: Situational Awareness through Augmented Reality: 3D-SA Model to Relate Requirements, Design and Evaluation, and key words: Solid modeling, Visualization, Augmented reality, Proposals, Electronic mail, Green products, Task analysis. Abstract: This paper presents a proposal of a model for identification, selection and classification of Situational Awareness (SA) requirements together with the design of AR-based solutions. In this way, a three dimensional model that considers three main elements: SA phase, SA characteristics and interaction modality is introduced. This 3D-SA model facilitates the analysis, first, and the design later, of systems where the concept of SA is essential. The presented 3D-SA model tries to facilitate the use and application of AR-based solutions for SA for different kinds of stakeholders (developers, maintainers, etc.) as well as to cover a deficiency in the gap between SA requirements and SA design solutions. A particular use of the 3D-SA model in the military field is presented. |
7,673 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Flexible Control Strategy of Controllable Large Industrial Loads Based on Multi-Source Data Fusion of Internet of Things, and key words: Load modeling, Power grids, Internet of Things, Regulation, Data models, Optimization, Load management. Abstract: With the rapid development of the power grid, the high penetration of new energy sources and the diversity of loads have further aggravated the uncertainty of “source-load”, which has brought huge challenges to the peak shaving of the power grid. In order to ensure the reliable operation of the power system during the electricity peak, this paper combines the IoT technology to propose a flexible control strategy for controllable large industrial loads that considers the interrupt priority. Firstly, the perception and fusion framework of large industrial load information is constructed based on the IoT technology. After that, the improved TOPSIS method is adopted to establish the evaluation model of the adjustable potentials of large industrial loads and the load interruption priority is further divided. Finally, a three-stage rolling regulation model for controllable large industrial loads to participate in the deep peak shaving of the power grid is constructed to achieve the goal of bidirectional peak shaving on the power generation side and the demand side. The case uses an improved IEEE 30-node system for simulation. As the simulation results show, the method proposed in this paper can not only take the cost of peak load regulation into account, but also effectively achieve the goal of ‘peak shaving and valley filling’. |
7,674 | Please write an abstract with title: Computational Spectral-Domain Ghost Imaging Based on Hadamard Modulation, and key words: Imaging, Image resolution, Spectral analysis, Radar imaging, Optical sensors, Correlation, Optical imaging. Abstract: We propose and experimentally demonstrate a computational ghost imaging in the spectral domain based on Hadamard modulation. In the proposed ghost imaging system, the pre-programmed Hadamard patterns are encoded onto the spectrum of an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source using a programmable optical filter, which enables precise image reconstruction in real-time with 0.2 nm spectral resolution. The proposed spectral ghost imaging system is a low-cost solution for the applications of optical sensing, optical spectroscopy, and hyperspectral imaging. |
7,675 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and implementation of an EOS chip, and key words: Earth Observing System, Ethernet networks, Synchronous digital hierarchy, SONET, Data communication, Local area networks, Quality of service, Scalability, Payloads, Field programmable gate arrays. Abstract: As a very successful technology, Ethernet has now dominated the data transmission in LAN. However, some inborn defects, like the lack of guaranteed quality of services (QoS), restricts the maximum scope of Ethernet. Utilizing SDH/SONET, a technology for transmitting data over long distance, to overcome such limit is one promising solution. This solution termed Ethernet over SDH/SONET (EOS) combines the simplicity and affordability of Ethernet with the reliability and scalability of SDH/SONET. In this paper, the design and implementation of an EOS chip, which maps Ethernet frames into SONET/SDH payloads using both standard concatenation and virtual concatenation, is put forward. Several problems encountered during the implementation and their solutions are also discussed. The validity of the design has been proved by thorough functional simulation and FPGA verification. |
7,676 | Please write an abstract with title: An ROI image coding based on switching wavelet transform, and key words: Image coding, Wavelet transforms, Image restoration, Image quality, Bit rate, Wavelet coefficients, Shape, Indium tin oxide, Control systems, Systems engineering and theory. Abstract: We propose a region-of-interest (ROI) image coding based on the switching wavelet transform. In order to relax the restriction for the allocation of information quantity between ROI and region-of-non-interest (non-ROI), we employ a wavelet transform with shorter length basis for ROI, and a longer length wavelet with better compression performance for non-ROI. Moreover, we present a method of allocation of information quantity for the switching wavelet that can control the ratio of the restored image quality for ROI to that for non-ROI under a given total information quantity. Our method can avoid information loss for non-ROI at lower bitrate in JPEG-2000, therefore subjective image quality for the whole of the restored image is improved, maintaining the quality of ROI to be higher than that of non-ROI. |
7,677 | Please write an abstract with title: Brushless DC Hub Motor Drive Control for Electric Vehicle Applications, and key words: Permanent magnet motors, Sensors, Induction motors, Brushless DC motors, Mathematical model. Abstract: Global warming, air pollution and sound pollution are major environmental problems faced by today's world. Environmental pollution and increasing cost of fuels had led to the importance of using alternate sources for transportation since Internal combustion (IC) engine vehicles carries more than 40% of the pollution. Battery electric vehicles (BEV) is an alternative which received high attention in transportation industry. This paper focus on the control of Brushless DC (BLDC) motor which is used to drive the Electric two-wheeler. Hardware implementation of the motor is developed and an Atmega 328 microcontroller is utilized to control the motor which is provides a speed control with current commutation. A 60V, 1000W BLDC hub Motor is used to meet the drive requirements. The mathematical modeling of BLDC motor is discussed with the mathematical equations. MATLAB Simulation is developed, and the closed loop speed control is done in Simulink. PWM pulses generated from the MCU as per the commutation sequence and loaded to control the switches of 3-phase inverter and in response to the driver inputs (start/stop, accelerator, brake) the motor speeds are dynamically varied. |
7,678 | Please write an abstract with title: A Generative Approach for Socially Compliant Navigation, and key words: Navigation, Robots, Force, Generators, Trajectory, Learning (artificial intelligence), Collision avoidance. Abstract: Robots navigating in human crowds need to optimize their paths not only for their task performance but also for their compliance to social norms. One of the key challenges in this context is the lack of standard metrics for evaluating and optimizing a socially compliant behavior. Existing works in social navigation can be grouped according to the differences in their optimization objectives. For instance, the reinforcement learning approaches tend to optimize on the comfort aspect of the socially compliant navigation, whereas the inverse reinforcement learning approaches are designed to achieve natural behavior. In this paper, we propose NaviGAN, a generative navigation algorithm that jointly optimizes both of the comfort and naturalness aspects. Our approach is designed as an adversarial training framework that can learn to generate a navigation path that is both optimized for achieving a goal and for complying with latent social rules. A set of experiments has been carried out on multiple datasets to demonstrate the strengths of the proposed approach quantitatively. We also perform extensive experiments using a physical robot in a realworld environment to qualitatively evaluate the trained social navigation behavior. The video recordings of the robot experiments can be found in the link: https://youtu.be/61blDymjCpw. |
7,679 | Please write an abstract with title: A UAV development platform for intelligent applications, and key words: Base stations, Target tracking, Scalability, Transportation, Inspection, Real-time systems, Classification algorithms. Abstract: To date, many UAV systems have been developed worldwide to operate at locations where access proved difficult, such as disaster zones, with the final aim being object transportation, inspection, identification, and mapping among others. In this respect, in recent years various researches have been done to develop aerial robots that have led, in turn, to many different types of UAV systems with varied kinds of structures, capabilities, and final scopes. In this research, we propose a UAV development platform for intelligent applications. Exactly, it enables fast real-time implementation and testing of various types of algorithms that are deployed either at the level of the flight management unit (e.g., algorithms for UAV command and control), on the companion computer (e.g., algorithms used to track, to identify or to classify different targets), or deployed on the base station. This open development platform requires full access to the source code of all these: the flight management unit, the base station, and the embedded system. Moreover, the hardware components and how they communicate must be specially designed to be easily replaceable with ones specially adapted to the application requirements. Also, the paper proposes new innovative and inexpensive solutions to have a better, and a more reliable system able to work as much as closely to real environments (e.g., an urban one). |
7,680 | Please write an abstract with title: Predicting the human behaviour in human-robot co-assemblies: an approach based on suffix trees, and key words: Adaptation models, Computational modeling, Collaboration, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Mathematical model, Robots. Abstract: Prediction of the human behaviour is essential for allowing an efficient human-robot collaboration. This was confirmed recently showing how scheduling approaches can significantly increase the productivity of a robotic cell by planning the robotic actions in a way as much as possible compliant with the human predicted behaviour. This work proposes an innovative approach for human activity prediction, exploiting both a-priori information and knowledge revealed during operation. The resulting approach is proved to achieve good performance through both off-line simulated sequences and in a realistic co-assembly involving a human operator and a dual arm collaborative robot. |
7,681 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Estimation of Mixing Matrix Using a Two-sensor Array, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Conferences, Estimation, Matching pursuit algorithms, Numerical simulation, Sensors, Speech processing. Abstract: Blind source separation involves the estimation of mixing matrix given only observed mixtures. Considering the computational cost in practice, this paper proposes an efficient mixing matrix estimation (MME) method using an easily configured two-sensor array. Time-frequency (TF) analysis, which has been an important field of research for MME, is invoked herein to precisely detect single-source TF points (SSPs) in combination with the principle of matching pursuit. We theoretically verify that the residual TF vectors at SSPs derived by mixture TF vectors tend to have zero-valued elements, based on which a criterion is designed to identify a set of exact SSPs for accurate MME. Furthermore, the number of sources can be simultaneously estimated by adopting mean-shift clustering on SSPs. Numerical simulations are carried out on both real-valued and complex-valued mixing matrices to provide corroborating evidence for the theoretical claims. |
7,682 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Device Performance of OFET by Changing its Geometry, and key words: Logic gates, OFETs, Periodic structures, Performance evaluation, Conferences, Tools, Substrates. Abstract: Organic semiconductors have recently gained significant research interest due to its flexible applications, low fabrication cost, large area and the profound advantages over the existing inorganic semiconductors. Out of this, the parameter that has gained increased research significance is Mobility. Mobility of organic semiconductors are not as good as its inorganic counterparts. Now-a-days organic semiconductors have gained much progress to improve its mobility when compared to inorganic semiconductors. One way to improve mobility is to use multiple gates as comparison to single gate. The results of the proposed research work has clearly demonstrates the comparison between SG-OFET and DG-OFET characteristics and its effects on mobility. Results are also shown that the same effect can be observed in case of inorganic semiconductors. OFET structures are designed and the characteristics are obtained by using SILVACO tool. |
7,683 | Please write an abstract with title: Confidence Analysis Method for Cable Distributed Parameter Model based on Verification & Validation, and key words: Analytical models, Power cables, Data models, Numerical models, Communication cables, Mathematical model, Optimization. Abstract: An effective confidence analysis method for the cable distributed parameter model is proposed in this paper, while it is still a blank question at present. As the cable electromagnetic coupling model is composed of a transmission line model and a distributed parameter model, the proposed confidence analysis method takes two steps based on verification & validation (V&V) theory. One step is that confidence analysis of both models is completed by getting numerical calculation accuracy verified with numerical results and model accuracy validated with experiments results, to confirm the quantification of numerical calculation errors and model accuracy errors analysis. The other step is that the confidence analysis of the cable distributed parameter model must be established on the basis of that of the transmission line model. Such method is completed and confirmed with numerical and experimental examples in this paper. Further more, confirmed confidence of cable model leads to the validity of simulation data, which is an important mathematical foundation for simulation to produce practical results in cable layout engineering design and electromagnetic response evaluation. |
7,684 | Please write an abstract with title: Determination of Liquefaction-prone Zones in Lebak, Banten Using the Machine Learning Method Approach, and key words: Support vector machines, Resistance, Seismic measurements, Soil measurements, Soil, Predictive models, Planning. Abstract: Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which soil becomes liquefied and loses its resistance, usually caused by earthquakes. Liquefaction should be one of the considerations in planning development because this phenomenon can damage building structures. The liquefaction susceptibility was measured by the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) method. The Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) value is obtained from the measurement results, divided into four levels (very low, low, high, very high). However, the cost required to measure only at one location point is quite expensive. In this paper, we propose a machine learning approach to modeling a liquefaction-prone zone map. |
7,685 | Please write an abstract with title: Battle the Wind: Improving Flight Stability of a Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle Under Wind Disturbance With Onboard Thermistor-Based Airflow Sensing, and key words: Sensors, Robot sensing systems, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Wind tunnels, Calibration, Thermal stability, Temperature sensors. Abstract: Flyers in nature equip different airflow sensing mechanisms to navigate through wind disturbances with remarkable flight stability. Embracing bio-inspiration, airflow sensing with conventional sensors has long been utilized in flight control for larger micro air vehicles (MAVs). Bio-inspired flapping wing MAVs (FWMAVs) have extremely limited power and payload, therefore implementing onboard airflow sensing has remained a challenge in spite of various attempts at miniaturized airflow sensor designs. This work characterizes the measurement performance of a lightweight off-the-shelf thermistor-based airflow sensor through comparison with a hot-wire probe. Wind tunnel tethered flight tests on a 31.3-gram FWMAV Delfly Nimble examine the onboard sensing performance at low flow speeds (up to 2 m/s), under the influence of flapping motion. This performance characterization further motivates a miniaturized re-design of the airflow sensor with over 40% size and weight reduction. The redesigned airflow sensor helps to realize the first flapping wing MAV free flight with onboard airspeed measurements, providing remarkable flight stability under wind speeds in the range of approximately 0.5 to 1.2 m/s. This embodied sensing configuration pushes the weight and power limit of miniaturized electronics for FWMAVs, providing an easy-to-integrate solution with good performance, and paving the way for more complex control of FWMAVs in dynamic conditions. |
7,686 | Please write an abstract with title: Regret Minimization for Linear Quadratic Adaptive Controllers Using Fisher Feedback Exploration, and key words: Adaptive control, Costs, Minimization, Control systems, Uncertainty, Covariance matrices, White noise. Abstract: In this letter, we study the trade-off between exploration and exploitation for linear quadratic adaptive control. This trade-off can be expressed as a function of the exploration and exploitation costs, called cumulative regret. It has been shown over the years that the optimal asymptotic rate of the cumulative regret is in many instances $\mathcal {O}(\sqrt {T})$ . In particular, this rate can be obtained by adding a white noise external excitation, with a variance decaying as $\mathcal {O}(1/\sqrt {T})$ . As the amount of excitation is pre-determined, such approaches can be viewed as open loop control of the external excitation. In this contribution, we approach the problem of designing the external excitation from a feedback perspective leveraging the well known benefits of feedback control for decreasing sensitivity to external disturbances and system-model mismatch, as compared to open loop strategies. We base the feedback on the Fisher information matrix which is a measure of the accuracy of the model. Specifically, the amplitude of the exploration signal is seen as the control input while the minimum eigenvalue of the Fisher matrix is the variable to be controlled. We call such exploration strategies Fisher Feedback Exploration (F2E). We propose one explicit F2E design, called Inverse Fisher Feedback Exploration (IF2E), and argue that this design guarantees the optimal asymptotic rate for the cumulative regret. We provide theoretical support for IF2E and in a numerical example we illustrate benefits of IF2E and compare it with the open loop approach as well as a method based on Thompson sampling. |
7,687 | Please write an abstract with title: A Secure Federated Deep Learning-Based Approach for Heating Load Demand Forecasting in Building Environment, and key words: Buildings, Heating systems, Forecasting, Predictive models, Load modeling, Load forecasting, Deep learning. Abstract: Recently, with the establishment of new thermal regulation, the energy efficiency of buildings has increased significantly, and various deep learning-based methods have been presented to accurately forecast the heating load demand of buildings. However, all of these methods are executed on a dataset with specific distribution and do not have the property of global forecasting, and have no guarantee of data privacy against cyber-attacks. This paper presents a novel approach to heating load demand forecasting based on Cyber-Secure Federated Deep Learning (CSFDL). The suggested CSFDL provides a global super-model for forecasting heating load demand of different local clients without knowing their location and, most importantly, without revealing their privacy. In this study, a CSFDL global server is trained and tested considering the heating load demand of 10 different clients in their building environment. The presented results, including a comparative study, prove the viability and accuracy of the proposed procedure. |
7,688 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation Of The Effect Of Dispersion On The Communication Range In A Wireless Underwater Optical Channel, and key words: Wireless communication, Optical attenuators, Estimation, Channel estimation, Optical fiber communication, Telecommunications, Optical transmitters. Abstract: The article discusses approaches to modeling effect of dispersion in underwater optical wireless communication channels. Underwater optical wireless communication systems have become an alternative to traditional acoustic underwater systems. Most of the work on modeling an underwater optical communication channel takes into account attenuation and scattering when calculating the allowable communication range, however, dispersion remains an important factor affecting the communication range in the system. The article presents a mathematical model for assessing the chromatic dispersion in the optical communication channel, as well as the group delay time. The simulation results for a horizontal communication channel are presented. |
7,689 | Please write an abstract with title: An Exploratory analysis of Machine Learning adaptability in Big Data Analytics Environments: A Data Aggregation in the age of Big Data and the Internet of Things, and key words: Wireless communication, Systematics, Education, Machine learning, Data aggregation, Big Data, Security. Abstract: The paper discusses a new concept combining the potentialities of Big Data processing as well as machine learning developed for security monitoring of mobile Internet of Things. The structure of the security monitoring system is considered as a most effective and useful element to create a new viewpoint of mobile IoT. This article focuses implementation of machine learning in online education. Thus mobile IoT has found successful application in few areas such as security monitoring in public places, transport management, medicine, smart houses, industrial production, electrical consumption, and robotics. All the mathematical foundations along with issues related to this have been considered in this study. In order to solve the classification task, several machine learning mechanisms have been mentioned in this paper. Large organizations are incorporating data-driven actions, and decision making in organizational function. The role of data aggregation is effective here achieving the business objectives. Vast amount of raw data can be processed linearly through data aggregation. This article describes the interaction of data aggregation through wireless networking assuming its effectiveness in online education. Data aggregation in machine learning is highlighted based on evidence based data. The purpose of this research article is to investigate the machine learning adaptability in big data analytics environments with the approach of IoT. In order to collect accurate data, the researcher has taken the help of a secondary data collection method. It has helped the researcher to find out the valid information about mobile IoT. In addition, qualitative methods have been adapted to malaise the collected data within a systematic way. Moreover, this study will help the readers to understand the value of mobile IoT helping in machine learning adaptability in big data analytics. |
7,690 | Please write an abstract with title: Security performance of optical CDMA Against eavesdropping, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Encoding, Communication system security, Data security, Cryptography, Signal to noise ratio, Protection, Jamming, Optical receivers, Data analysis. Abstract: Enhanced security has often been cited as an important benefit of optical CDMA (O-CDMA) signaling. However, the quality and degree of security enhancement has not been closely examined in the literature. This paper examines the degree and types of security that may be provided by O-CDMA encoding. A quantitative analysis of data confidentiality is presented for O-CDMA encoding techniques that use both time spreading and wavelength hopping. The probability of successful data interception is calculated as a function of several parameters, including signal-to-noise ratio and fraction of total available system capacity. For reasonable choices of system and encoding parameters, it is shown that increasing code complexity can increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for an eavesdropper to "break" the encoding by only a few dB, while the processing of fewer than 100 bits by an eavesdropper can reduce the SNR required to break the encoding by up to 12 dB. The overall degree of confidentiality obtainable through O-CDMA encoding is also compared with that obtainable through standard cryptography. time-spreading/wavelength-hopping in particular, and O-CDMA in general, are found to provide considerably less data confidentiality than cryptography, and the confidentiality provided is found to be highly dependent on system design and implementation parameters. |
7,691 | Please write an abstract with title: Cycle-accurate energy measurement and high-level energy characterization of FPGAs, and key words: Energy measurement, Field programmable gate arrays, Energy consumption, Programmable logic arrays, Logic devices, Logic design, System-on-a-chip, Resource management, Logic circuits, Design automation. Abstract: Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) play many important roles, ranging from small glue logic replacement to system-on-chip designs. Nevertheless, FPGA vendors can not accurately specify the energy consumption information of their products on the device data sheets because the energy consumption of FPGAs is strongly dependent on target circuit including resource utilization, logic partitioning, mapping, placement and route. While major CAD tools have started to report average power consumption under given transition activities, energy optimal FPGA design demands more detailed energy estimation. In this paper, we introduce an in-house cycle-accurate energy measurement tool and energy characterization schemes from low level to operation level. The tool offers all the necessary capability to investigate the energy consumption of FPGAs for high-level, operation-based energy characterization, which is useful for high-level, system-wide energy estimation. It also includes features for low-level energy characterization. We compare our tool with Xilinx XPower and demonstrate state machine energy characterization of an LCD controller and an SDRAM controller. |
7,692 | Please write an abstract with title: Decoupled control of robots via asymptotic regulators, and key words: Robot control, Regulators, Control system synthesis, Vectors, Actuators, Mathematical model, State-space methods, Service robots, Electrical equipment industry, Industrial control. Abstract: A procedure for industrial robot control synthesis based on asymptotic regulator properties is presented. It involves computer linearization of the dynamic manipulator model along a given nominal trajectory and an efficient algorithm for synthesis of a robust linear regulator ensuring the decoupled control of the system. |
7,693 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of an Intelligent Bracelet Based on IOT and LORA Protocol to Identify New COVID-19 Contact Cases, and key words: COVID-19, Wireless communication, Cloud computing, Pandemics, Surveillance, Real-time systems, Social factors. Abstract: COVID-19 is one of the most dangerous pandemics in human history. First emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, it has become a concern to all countries of the world. This virus only needs a short distance to spread rapidly between humans, and even if we could locate all the infected individuals, this would not solve the problem. The real solution is to identify all the people who have come in contact with the virus carrier. This paper is a study on online monitoring, intelligent assisted diagnosis, and treatment assistance for covid-19 in terms of early identification, social distancing, and quarantine. While focusing on wireless healthcare networks, the internet of things, and cloud computing. A federated or hybrid approach leverages the strengths and mitigates the weaknesses of both Data Medical Technology and IOT to detect and alert people who have been exposed to covid-19. |
7,694 | Please write an abstract with title: Experiment of FMCW Radar for Small Displacement Detection using VNA, and key words: Microwave antennas, Vibrations, Frequency modulation, Radar detection, Radar, Detectors, Phase frequency detectors. Abstract: Small displacement detection is indispensable for the monitoring process in several fields such as the health of large building structures, landslides, monitoring of vibrations in large mechanical structures, and also in the health sector. Noncontact monitoring processes will provide an advantage in covering a large area operation. The radar system is potentially applied as a noncontact sensor. However, small displacement detection requires high resolution referring to the range resolution perspective. Detecting a small displacement on a millimeter to centimeter scale requires a very wide bandwidth. The main information to be obtained from small displacement detection is the distance of the target and the size of the small displacement. Frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) is a radar system that has been widely used in various fields. In this paper, a small displacement detection method is proposed by developing the detection capabilities of the FMCW radar. The ability to detect distance using beat frequency identification is maintained and phase detection is elaborated to detect small displacement without having to increase bandwidth. The experimental modeling of proposed FMCW using a vector network analyzer (VNA) was conducted in this study. The results show that the proposed FMCW system using VNA has the ability to detect small displacement with average phase shift of 0.41 radians for a 2 mm shift in the direction close to the target and 0.44 radians for the direction away from the target. |
7,695 | Please write an abstract with title: Pattern recognition in hydraulic backlash using neural network, and key words: Pattern recognition, Intelligent networks, Neural networks, Hydraulic actuators, Neurons, Vectors, Multilayer perceptrons, Testing, Least squares approximation, Hydraulic systems. Abstract: An approach for estimating and classifying backlash clearance fault condition in hydraulic actuators is presented. Three networks (ADALINE network, a nonlinear neuron network, and multilayer perceptron network) are trained and applied to an experimental hydraulic system to identify the gap between an actuator pin and a load mass. The networks are trained on five clearance gaps of widths 1, 7, 12, 25, and 40 thousandths of an inch. They are tested on three clearance gaps of widths 10, 20, and 35 thousandths of an inch. The multilayer perceptron network performed very well in all testing. The other two networks did not perform well, except for small gaps. |
7,696 | Please write an abstract with title: Deposition of Tungsten Nanoparticles for Potential Use in Dispenser Cathodes, and key words: Nanoparticles, Transmission electron microscopy, Tungsten, Surface morphology, Nanoscale devices, Electron emission, Vacuum electronics. Abstract: Dispenser cathodes have attracted attention in both industrial and academic research for a long time, due to their application as high-brightness electron sources. Since most modern cathodes utilize tungsten as the base material, it is useful to investigate how novel forms of tungsten can influence a cathode. In the present study, nanoscale tungsten particles were generated by physical vapor deposition and deposited onto substrates, to gauge the effectiveness of generating a tungsten coating that can enhance electron emission. These nanoparticles were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The tungsten particles formed a continuous nanoporous structure, along with discrete larger particles on the substrate. |
7,697 | Please write an abstract with title: R-N Algorithm for Crowdsensing On-street Parking Spaces, and key words: Performance evaluation, Wireless communication, Crowdsensing, Urban areas, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Market research. Abstract: Parking becomes an insurmountable problem in cities as the usage of cars becomes common and the urbanization trend continues. Many efforts have been made to reduce the parking pressure by developing real-time sensing techniques or big data based parking occupancy prediction models. In this paper, we focus on a crowdsensing solution where ultrasonic sensors are chosen as the detecting devices. An R-N algorithm based on an innovative crowdsensing solution is developed to enhance the detection accuracy. The performance of the proposed R-N algorithm is evaluated by an analytical model. The results prove that the crowdsensing detection accuracy can be improved by employing the proposed R-N algorithm. |
7,698 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-Time Face Emotion Recognition and Visualization using Grad-CAM, and key words: Human computer interaction, Emotion recognition, Sensitivity, Face recognition, Computational modeling, Production, Feature extraction. Abstract: One of the most indicative ways of communication is facial expressions. The Face attributes are the contended mode to specify human sensitivity. Hence facial emotion recognition is necessary for human-machine interaction systems. The AI nowadays can also understand emotions verifying facial movement and intimation like a human brain does. But tracing the mechanism of AI is challenging as most of the AI methods are referred to as "Black box". To perceive the insights of AI algorithms the term Explainable AI has been brought to light. Explainable AI is a need to implement and build proper, fair, and responsible models that can even be flexible to use on a large production basis. In this paper, Cascade Classifier for emotion recognition and Grad-CAM for visualization of model detection has been employed. The region of interest of the face is located to extract features which are categorized into 7 classes. The results obtained are appreciable and can be applied in works relating to human expression detection. |
7,699 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Physiological Data of Short Track Speed Skaters Based on Hypoxia Environment, and key words: Training, Medical conditions, Red blood cells, Pulse measurements, Redundancy, Rhythm, Biomedical monitoring. Abstract: In the preparation of short-track speed skating competition, the male and female athletes in the low-oxygen environment are the research objects. The Researchers will tracking blood The indicators( red blood cells, hemoglobin, red blood cell backlog, average red blood cell volume, reticulocytes) and functional indicators (blood pressure, vital capacity, morning pulse) in different three periods and analysing them. The three periods are the stage In the plain body pre-adaptation training, the plateau enhances the physical function training stage and the plain physical fitness training stage before the competition. The study find that plans are made in the period of the stage in the Plateau enhances the body function according to the rhythm of the load training and the training load items of various parts of the body are interspersed in the conditions of close monitoring training and avoid overtraining. On the basis of establishing a strong aerobic metabolism, the training method of the intensity of the heavy load and the improvement of the athlete's physical fitness are better, which confirms the feasibility of this method in the paper. |
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