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7,700 | Please write an abstract with title: Perspectives of granular computing, and key words: Concrete, Problem-solving, Computational modeling, Set theory, Computer science, Uniform resource locators, Stress, Context modeling, Computational intelligence, Fuzzy set theory. Abstract: Granular computing emerges as a new multi-disciplinary study and has received much attention in recent years. A conceptual framework is presented by extracting shared commonalities from many fields. The framework stresses multiple views and multiple levels of understanding in each view. It is argued that granular computing is more about a philosophical way of thinking and a practical methodology of problem solving. By effectively using levels of granularity, granular computing provides a systematic, natural way to analyze, understand, represent, and solve real world problems. With granular computing, one aims at structured thinking at the philosophical level, and structured problem solving at the practical level. |
7,701 | Please write an abstract with title: Bit-wise Autoencoder for Multiple Antenna Systems, and key words: Training, Wireless communication, Symmetric matrices, Transmitting antennas, Receiving antennas, Receivers, Artificial neural networks. Abstract: We propose an end-to-end learned bit-wise autoen-coder neural network (NN) for open loop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna based communication systems. The optimized transmit vector constellations are learned based on the number of transmit and receive antennas, the number of bits conveyed per channel use and the signal-to-noise ratio. By training through an i.i.d. complex Gaussian (i.e., Rayleigh ergodic) matrix channel, the system implicitly picks up constellation shaping gains “along the way”. We evaluate and analyze these gains in comparison to the single-input single-output (SISO) results shown in [1] for different symmetric and asymmetric MIMO configurations. We first show that the NN-based receiver is able to compete with the a posteriori probability (APP) receiver performance up to certain configuration settings. Then we perform an end-to-end optimization of the transmit vector constellations using the conventional APP receiver as the decoder part. Thereby, we also investigate an edge case where the number of bits per vector symbol is not a multiple of the number of transmit antennas. Finally, we examine the performance of the system if a non-optimal zero forcing (ZF) receiver is used for inference, while the vector constellation was optimized for the APP receiver during training. We show that constellations optimized for the APP receiver are not necessarily optimal for such sub-optimal receivers that operate with reduced complexity. To fix this, we propose a detector-aware training scheme to learn constellations that have been optimized for a specific sub-optimal receiver and, thus, achieve higher performance in inference. |
7,702 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectropolarimetry of NGC 3783 and Mrk 509: Evidence for powerful nuclear winds in Seyfert 1 Galaxies, and key words: galaxies: active, galaxies: individual: NGC 3783, Mrk 509, galaxies: nuclei, galaxies: Seyfert. Abstract: We present results from high signal-to-noise optical spectropolarimetric observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxies NGC 3783 and Mrk 509 in the 3500–7000 Å range. We find complex structure in the polarized emission for both objects. In particular, Position Angle (PA) changes across the Balmer lines show a distinctive ‘M’-shaped profile that had not been observed in this detail before, but could represent a common trait in Seyfert 1 galaxies. In fact, while this shape is observed in all Balmer lines in NGC 3783, Mrk 509 transitions into a ‘M’-shaped PA profile for higher transitions lines. We have modelled the observed profiles using the STOKES radiative transfer code and assuming that the scattering region is co-spatial with the BLR and outflowing. The results give compelling new evidence for the presence of nuclear winds in these two Seyfert 1 galaxies. |
7,703 | Please write an abstract with title: High-temperature thermoelectric power generation module of layered oxides improved by multistage structure with Bi-Te module, and key words: Thermoelectricity, Power generation, Ceramics, Contact resistance, Temperature, Passivation, Heat transfer, Zinc oxide, Lamps, Thermal stability. Abstract: A novel multistage module of layered oxides combined with Bi-Te module has been developed for high-temperature thermoelectric power generation. For the oxides module, we used highly-textured [Ca/sub 2/CoO/sub 3/]O/sub 0.62/[CoO/sub 2/] (p-type) and Ca-doped (ZnO)/sub 3/In/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (n-type) ceramics. We employed a bridge-type thermoelectric module using 10 p-n pairs of the layered oxides. In addition, we connected the oxides module to Bi-Te modules at its both sides to improve performance. The module typically gave temperature differences of 415 K and 60 K for the oxides and Bi-Te modules, respectively, with an exposure of the alcohol lamp. The maximum output power and power density were 704 mW and 440 mW/cm/sup 2/. The stability without any passivation provided a practical demonstration for high-temperature thermoelectric applications. |
7,704 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Enhancement of Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEEMD) - Independent Component Analysis (ICA) In Ocular Artifact Removal, and key words: Electroencephalography, Entropy, Signal to noise ratio, Integrated circuits, Mathematical model, Pollution measurement, Filtering. Abstract: Inaccuracies in removing Ocular Artifact (OA) in EEG signals can cause loss of information in EEG signals. Several previous methods utilize the feature of OA to detect OA and then remove all the components contaminated by OA. Those processes cause high errors in the OA removal results. A high error indicates that any information in EEG signals is lost during the OA removal process. The purpose of this research is to develop combination methods of CEEMD and ICA in order to improve performance in eliminating OA without omitting information in EEG signals. In its implementation, the combination of CEEMD and ICA are enhanced by the entropy method to find out the existence of OA, and Teager Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO) method to measure the OA energy. Both ways can make it easier to detect and eliminate the OA by using the modified z-score method. The result of the test by using Relative Error (RE) indicates that the proposed method successfully eliminates OA with the average error of 0.4365 for Dataset A, 0.4597 for Dataset B, and 0.5337 for Dataset C. Thus, the results show the proposed method is able to remove OA without interfering information of EEG signal. |
7,705 | Please write an abstract with title: Water Out of Thin Air: Designing an Atmospheric Water Generator to Address Water Scarcity, and key words: Temperature measurement, Temperature distribution, Atmospheric measurements, Atmospheric modeling, Water heating, Humidity, Generators. Abstract: Water scarcity is a significant and escalating issue that is currently affecting every continent on the globe. According to the United Nations, water usage has been increasing at more than twice the rate of population growth, and it is estimated that 4 billion people experience severe water scarcity during at least one month of the year [1]. Often, there is an abundance of water in the atmosphere, with nearly 12,900 cubic kilometers of water present at any time [2]. To take advantage of this water source, our solution involves the design of an Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) that can provide water to areas with medium to high humidity. The design converts water vapor into a liquid while minimizing the amount of input energy needed. The Earth is known to have a relatively cool and constant temperature of around 55°F at shallow underground depths [3]. The design uses the ground as a thermal sink by incorporating an optimized underground heat exchanger. This is accomplished with a closed-loop system of geothermal piping configured in a helical arrangement and a circulating pump powered by a photovoltaic (PV) panel. This allows for a liquid coolant (water) to reduce in temperature and be utilized above ground. The above-ground portion of the system consists of a crossflow finned heat exchanger, which allows for the cooled water to enter and condense humidity in the air. Air at 26.7°C and 85% relative humidity is directed at a rate of 0.23 kg per second across the heat exchanger by a fan which is powered by the PV panel. The air cools as it passes the heat exchanger and allows for water to condensate, which is collected, measured, and recorded via a remote data collection system. The system generates 200 milliliters of water every hour. Parameters such as temperatures, relative humidity, flow rate, and atmospheric conditions are also collected to verify the design and to model data for other regions around the world. It is an innovative design that offers a unique solution to help alleviate water scarcity. |
7,706 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fast Heuristic Algorithm for the Steiner Tree Problem with Uniform Edge Weights, and key words: Steiner trees, NP-hard problem, Heuristic algorithms, Benchmark testing, Search problems, Iterative algorithms, Pattern recognition. Abstract: The Steiner tree problem, which asks for a tree of minimum weight that spans all the terminals in the given network, is a challenging NP-hard problem. Applications of the problem can be found in many practical applications in artificial intelligence, network design and so on. In this paper, we study an effective iterative local search (ILS) algorithm for solving this problem in a graph with uniform edge weights. The algorithm uses several strong graph reduction techniques and a novel neighborhood generation method, namely Steiner-edge-vertex swap. We conduct experiments on a wide range of well-known instances and confirm that our algorithm competes favorably with other state-of-the-art algorithms. Further experiments also validate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. |
7,707 | Please write an abstract with title: Technological Capabilities and Value Chain of The Foreign Firms in Indonesia’s High-Tech Industries, and key words: Industries, Technological innovation, Software, Information management, Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Business. Abstract: The main focus of this research is to examine whether acquiring external technological capabilities and internally developed technological capabilities increase value chain of the foreign firm within Indonesia’s high-tech industries context. Foreign firms usually have better resources in term of technology, human resources and capital, in order to develop technological capabilities internally by increasing their ownership. On the other hands, foreign firms may also access to available technology, innovation and new method in the market by paying amount of royalty. Based on resource-based theory, this research argues that royalty and foreign ownership will contribute to increase value chain of the firms. Using ordinary least square (OLS) with Stata software, results show that contribution of technological capabilities have different effect on value chain for both chemical & pharmaceuticals firms and motor vehicles & other transport equipment firms. Acquiring external technological capabilities has increased value chain of the firms in these 2 types of industries. Meanwhile, internally developed technological capabilities has decreased value chain of the firms in chemical and pharmaceuticals industries but it has increased in motor vehicles & other transport equipment industries. The implication of this study is to provide the insights that the effect of technological capabilities on firm’s value chain depends on the characteristics of industries. For chemicals & pharmaceuticals industries, dominant foreign ownership provides greater flexibility to develop resources so that it has its own capability to compete and have the option of not getting involved in the value chain. For motor vehicles & other transport equipment industries, Indonesia’s firm played more of a role as upstream producers, where the products are produced to support other industries. |
7,708 | Please write an abstract with title: A predictor/corrector scheme for obtaining Q-limit points for power flow studies, and key words: Load flow analysis, Voltage, Bifurcation, Load flow, Power generation, Reactive power, Power system stability, Power system security, Stability analysis, Power engineering and energy. Abstract: This work proposes a new continuation power flow method tracing QV constraint exchange points (CEP), at which generators regulating voltages hit the reactive power limits. The proposed method is based on a predictor/corrector scheme to obtain CEPs in succession. The condition for Q-limit immediate instability is derived and used in the algorithm, where the stability of the obtained CEP is checked in each iteration. The point of collapse method is also combined in the algorithm to detect a saddle node bifurcation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical examinations in IEEE 118 bus systems. |
7,709 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-party Secure Computing Financial Shared Platform Based on Lightweight Privacy Protection under FHE, and key words: Computers, Visualization, Computational modeling, Information security, Blockchain, Financial management, Encryption. Abstract: Under the background of the "Internet+" era, enterprise management and production are faced with transformative intelligent transformation, which deeply affects the financial management work and puts forward higher requirements for information security technology. Based on multi-party security computing technology, this paper designs a cooperative computing scheme based on small-scale homomorphic encryption on multi-party security data platform, and innovates the operation mode of financial sharing. The overall design of operational financial management is constructed from multi-dimensional considerations in order to provide a useful reference for the digital transformation of enterprise financial intelligence. |
7,710 | Please write an abstract with title: Constrained Bundle Adjustment Applied To Wing 3d Reconstruction With Mechanical Limitations, and key words: Cameras, Aircraft, Strain, Jacobian matrices, Bundle adjustment, Cost function. Abstract: Aircraft certification procedures require the estimation of wing deformation, which is a very challenging problem in photogrammetry applications. Indeed, in real flight conditions with varying environment, 3D reconstruction is strongly degraded. To cope with this issue, we propose to introduce prior knowledge about the wing mechanical limits in the photogrammetry reconstruction method. These mechanical limits are expressed as appropriate regularizations that are included into the classical bundle adjustment step. The proposed approach is evaluated using data acquired on a real aircraft yielding promising results. |
7,711 | Please write an abstract with title: Digital Transformation Process of a Mechanical Parts Production workshop to fulfil the Requirements of Industry 4.0, and key words: Industries, Production systems, Production, Companies, Software, Production facilities, Fourth Industrial Revolution. Abstract: In today's high manufacturers' competition, companies attempt to involve new advanced technologies to retain their market share. With smart technology, process and production methods are improved to suit the new manufacturers' needs. Now in the era of industry 4.0, the production techniques have to be developed to fulfil the customers' demands. Indeed, industry 4.0 promotes the development of traditional factories to digitalization and networking. The aim of this paper is to characterize and analyze the transformation 4.0 process adopted by a factory producing spherical bushels. This study is conducting by FlexSim software to establish a production simulation platform; which manages in real time the production and supply; through the Material Requirement Planning (MRP), the logistics warehouse and the Cyber Physical Production System (CPPS). Moreover, we optimized the statistical findings of simulation by load-capacity adjustment method. It allows increasing the occupancy rates of equipment. The results show the developed platform can significantly rise the production efficiency and practical for smart industry and can be extended for other cases. The developed simulation platform present a basis for a future digital twin of the company. |
7,712 | Please write an abstract with title: Ensuring of reliability of discrete information reception in coherent FOTSI [fiber optic transmission systems], and key words: Optical fibers, Optical noise, Optical receivers, Optical sensors, Optical variables control, Oscillators, Phase noise, Interference, Noise generators, Fiber lasers. Abstract: Described in this paper are different reception homodyne schemes for coherent FOTSI interference immunity increase. Coherent FOTSI immunity depends on the optical oscillator shot noise and laser phase noise, stipulated by the finite width of the oscillation line of the optical sensor generator and oscillator. The reliability of discrete information reception in coherent FOTSI depends on the optical power of the receiver input signal, signal/noise ratio and on the digital information rate, which is the aggregate determined probability of binary symbol erroneous reception. Homodyne transmission systems with phase locked-loop frequency control optical circuits, on the basis of optical analog phase shifters or with external injection synchronization by optical signals, ensure phase error between the accepted carrier and reference signal does not exceed 0.2 rads. That allows us to reach a probability of binary symbol erroneous reception equal to 10/sup -9/. |
7,713 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimum output efficiency of homogeneously broadened lasers with constant loss, and key words: Laser modes, Power lasers, Optical losses, Equations, Absorption, Power generation, Mirrors, Power measurement, Optical coupling, Optical resonators. Abstract: The exact solution of a laser power extraction model is analyzed that relates the extraction efficiency with the laser parameters such as output coupling, small-signal gain, absorption loss, and laser cavity length. The model assumes a stable optical resonator and a homogeneously broadened gain medium. Optimum output coupling and resulting maximum extraction efficiency are determined for a range of values of the small-signal gain and absorption loss per pass. A relation is derived that allows determination of the intrinsic laser parameters from output power measurements when output mirrors are utilized with three different reflectances. |
7,714 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep Learning Approach to Discover Router Firmware Vulnerabilities, and key words: Convolutional neural network (CNN), Industrial Internet of Things cybersecurity, router firmware vulnerability. Abstract: Industrial Internet of Things (IoT)-connected devices are now nearly ubiquitous in the world, and routers are a central point for connecting these Industrial IoT devices. As a router's firmware controls the basic functions of Industrial IoT devices, it is considered the heart of IoT. An Industrial IoT cyberattack can cause huge damage to the connected devices and harm to their owners. Thus, router firmware vulnerability detection has recently become an emerging issue in this domain. As a result, an efficient and precise detection tool is a necessity to this domain. However, the firmware dataset collection is the most challenging step as there are no open-source datasets available online. A manual effort was required to verify the states of samples in both the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures and the National Vulnerability Database databases as either vulnerable or benign. After verification, 1450 samples were collected. This article investigates the effectiveness of using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and computer vision techniques to analyze home router firmware. The collected firmware samples were read as an array of byte strings, divided into subarrays based on the image's dimensions, and then layered on top of one another to produce the firmware images. The images were divided by manufacturer and used as inputs for various CNN models to test their accuracy. Three statistical filtering algorithms were used on each manufacturer's set to produce multiple versions of each set, totaling 24 datasets across four manufacturers, with six datasets per manufacturer (four filtered images and two grayscale and RGB images). The image filter algorithms used include local binary pattern (LBP), histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), and Gabor filter used on the LBP and HOG sets. After testing all the combinations of the filtered/normal datasets with the CNN training model, the HOG filter was the most accurate, with an average accuracy of 85.81% across all tests and models, with results as high as 97.94% when used with the appropriate CNN model. |
7,715 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning for Transport Policy Interventions on Air Quality, and key words: Air quality, clean air zone, data-driven framework, machine learning, policy validation, transportation system. Abstract: Air pollution reduction is a major objective for transport policy makers. This paper considers interventions in the form of clean air zones, and provide a machine learning approach to assess whether the objectives of the policy are achieved under the designed intervention. The dataset from the Newcastle Urban Observatory is used. The paper first tackles the challenge of finding datasets that are relevant to the policy objective. Focusing on the reduction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations, different machine learning algorithms are used to build models. The paper then addresses the challenge of validating the policy objective by comparing the NO2 concentrations of the zone in the two cases of with and without the intervention. A recurrent neural network is developed that can successfully predict the NO2 concentration with root mean square error of 0.95. |
7,716 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Phase-Delay-Free Commutation Method for BLDC Motors Based on Terminal Voltage, and key words: Commutation, Delays, Interference, Brushless DC motors, Hysteresis motors, Digital filters, Sensors. Abstract: It is well known that there is the commutation interference pulse in zero-crossing points (ZCPs) of back electromotive force (EMF) for brushless direct current (BLdc) motors. Generally, the interference pulse is handled by a low-pass filter (LPF) with a low cutoff frequency. However, the phase delay caused by LPF will deteriorate the performance of BLdc motors. In this letter, a novel phase-delay-free commutation method based on terminal voltage is proposed. The ZCPs and commutation freewheeling signals are obtained according to terminal voltages. Then, the main part of commutation interference pulse is removed through detected freewheeling signals. Finally, the remaining part is eliminated through a fixed delay digital filter (FDF). Comparing with the conventional commutation methods, the faster starting and the phase-delay-free commutation are achieved reliably by the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through an 80 W BLdc motor. |
7,717 | Please write an abstract with title: Dual-Band Local Oscillator with Adjustable Independent Outputs for 5G/WiFi Applications, and key words: Frequency synthesizer, local oscillator, phase-locked loop, phase noise. Abstract: This paper demonstrates two types of dual-band local oscillator architectures (LOs) for 5G and WiFi wireless systems. The proposed LO equips with an adjustable independent dual-band output and has lower in-band phase noise than the traditional one. The brief phase noise formula derivations of two LOs were also exhibited to effectively and accurately estimate their phase noise performance for different wireless system specifications. |
7,718 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel combined ICA and clustering technique for the classification of gene expression data, and key words: Independent component analysis, Gene expression. Abstract: This study presents an effective method of blindly classifying large amounts of gene expression data into biologically meaningful groups using a combination of independent component analysis (ICA) and clustering techniques. Specifically, we show that the genes can be classified blindly into several groups based solely on their expression profiles. These groups have a very close correspondence with benchmarks obtained by studies using domain knowledge. These results suggest that ICA can be a very useful pre-processing tool in blind gene classification, rather than using the resulting sources as the final model profiles. |
7,719 | Please write an abstract with title: An approach to tune fuzzy controllers based on reinforcement learning, and key words: Fuzzy control, Learning, Optimal control, Fuzzy systems, Programmable control, Adaptive control, Control systems, Takagi-Sugeno model, Vehicles, Control system synthesis. Abstract: This paper proposes a new approach for the tuning of fuzzy controllers parameters based on reinforcement learning. The architecture of the proposed approach comprises of a Q estimator network (QEN) and a Takagi-Sugeno type fuzzy inference system (FIS). Unlike the most of the existing fuzzy Q-learning approaches, which select an optimal action based on finite discrete actions, while the proposed controller obtain the control output directly. With the proposed architecture, the learning algorithms for all the parameters of the Q estimator network and the FIS are developed based on the temporal difference methods as well as the gradient descent algorithm. The performance of the proposed design technique is illustrated by simulation studies of a vehicle longitudinal control system. |
7,720 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart Grid and IEC 61850, and key words: Substation automation, Wires, Smart grids, Safety, Security, Reliability, Communication networks. Abstract: This paper presents a study on Smart Grid and communication standard IEC 61850. A Smart Grid is an electric power network that aims at providing economically efficient and sustainable power system through seamless integration of actions of all generation, transmission, distribution utilities and consumers in order to achieve low distribution losses, to improve quality and reliability of power supply without compromising security and safety of equipment and personnel. IEC 61850 is a family of communication standards that specifies protocols of naming devices, data and communication network pertaining to automation of electric power substation. It is has been adopted by utilities all over the world for data communication in the substation. Central utility and some state utilities in India have either developed or in the process of their own communication network with the help of Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) which will facilitate implementation of smart grid in a big way. This paper discusses use of IEC 61850 communication standard not only to develop cost effective and efficacious substation automation systems but also to realize various goals of smart grid applications and objectives. In this paper, a brief introduction of Smart Grid, IEC61850 and a summary of contents of IEC 61850 are presented sequentially, followed by an overview of implementation of IEC 61850 on Smart grid. Next, the challenges of IEC 61850 implementation on Smart grid are discussed. Thereafter, a case study of steps taken by an Indian state for adopting Smart grid is discussed. Subsequently, issues faced in development of Smart grid are presented along with suggestions and future R&D avenues. The paper concludes with a brief account on benefits and challenges of implementing IEC61850 on Smart grid. |
7,721 | Please write an abstract with title: Revisiting Graph Convolutional Networks with Mini-Batch Sampling for Hyperspectral Image Classification, and key words: Convolutional codes, Convolution, Conferences, Machine learning, Tools, Network architecture, Feature extraction. Abstract: Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been successfully and widely applied in computer vision and machine learning fields. As a powerful tool, GCNs have recently received increasing attention in the remote sensing community, e.g., hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, the application ability of GCNs in identifying the materials via spectral signatures remains limited, since traditional GCNs fail to extract node features for large-scale graphs efficiently. Also, simultaneous consideration of all samples in GCNs tends to obtain poor representations, possibly due to the vanishing gradient problem. To this end, we in this paper develop a novel mini-batch GCN (miniGCN) for HS image classification. More importantly, miniGCN not only can effectively train the network via mini-batch sampling in a supervised way, but also directly infer new samples (out-of-sample) without re-training GCNs. Experiments conducted on two commonly-used HSI datasets demonstrate the superiority of miniGCN over other state-of-the-art network architectures. The codes of this work are available at https://github.com/danfenghong/IEEE_TGRS_GCN for the sake of reproducibility. |
7,722 | Please write an abstract with title: Societal dimensions of nanotechnology, and key words: Nanotechnology, Investments, Ethics, Agricultural engineering, Nanomaterials, Collaboration, Sociotechnical systems, Context modeling, Research and development, Organisms. Abstract: The United States Congress is currently refining the details of a Nanotechnology Research and Development Act. In contrast to the earlier investments, this new Act specifically calls for a focus on the societal and ethical implications of nanotechnology (SEIN). The Advocates of SEIN studies point to the difficult reception for genetically-modified organisms (GMOs), a technology that promised a new green revolution but encountered resistance in Europe, Canada, and other parts of the world. |
7,723 | Please write an abstract with title: A method of moments formulation for bodies of translation, and key words: Moment methods, Research and development, Integral equations, Genetic expression, Strips. Abstract: A method of moments (MM) formulation is presented to calculate the radiation and scattering from finite bodies of translation (BOT) of arbitrary cross section. The formulation parallels in part the MM theory for bodies of revolution (BOR) and retains the modal expansion concept used in the latter. Computer implementable expressions are obtained that relax to the classic results for infinite cylinders considered before. |
7,724 | Please write an abstract with title: Applied Research on the Orderly Charging of Large-scale Electric Vehicles in Residential Areas, and key words: Economics, Analytical models, Biological system modeling, Government, Process control, Electric vehicles, Market research. Abstract: As a new type and large capacity load, electric vehicle will bring new challenges to the safety and economic operation of power system when it is connected to power grid in large quantities. According to the development trend of electric vehicle construction in residential area, this paper expounds the concept of orderly charging and demonstrates the necessity of its large-scale promotion. And from the point of view of suitable for rapid promotion and application, a scheme suitable for the orderly charging of large-scale electric vehicles in residential areas is put forward, and its architecture, business process, control strategy, reward and punishment mechanism are described in detail. The research results of this paper will provide useful reference for the future large-scale promotion of intelligent orderly charging in residential areas. |
7,725 | Please write an abstract with title: Reflections on Visualization Research Projects in the Manufacturing Industry, and key words: Data visualization, Production, Manufacturing, Monitoring, Collaboration, Task analysis, Manufacturing processes. Abstract: The rise of Industry 4.0 and cyber-physical systems has led to an abundance of large amounts of data, particularly in the manufacturing industry. Visualization and visual analytics play essential roles in harnessing this data. They have already been acknowledged as being among the key enabling technologies in the fourth industrial revolution. However, there are many challenges attached to applying visualization successfully, both from the manufacturing industry and visualization research perspectives. As members of research institutions involved in several applied research projects dealing with visualization in manufacturing, we characterized and analyzed our experiences for a detailed qualitative view, to distill important lessons learned, and to identify research gaps. With this article, we aim to provide added value and guidance for both manufacturing engineers and visualization researchers to avoid pitfalls and make such interdisciplinary endeavors more successful. |
7,726 | Please write an abstract with title: Enabling Opportunistic Low-cost Smart Cities By Using Tactical Edge Node Placement, and key words: Wireless communication, Measurement, Wireless sensor networks, Smart cities, Delays, Internet of Things, Sustainable development. Abstract: Smart city projects aim to enhance the management of city infrastructure by enabling government entities to monitor, control and maintain infrastructure efficiently through the deployment of Internet-of-things (IoT) devices. However, the financial burden associated with smart city projects is a detriment to prospective smart cities. A noteworthy factor that impacts the cost and sustainability of smart city projects is providing cellular Internet connectivity to IoT devices. In response to this problem, this paper explores the use of public transportation network nodes and mules, such as bus-stops as buses, to facilitate connectivity via device-to-device communication in order to reduce cellular connectivity costs within a smart city. The data mules convey non-urgent data from IoT devices to edge computing hardware, where data can be processed or sent to the cloud. Consequently, this paper focuses on edge node placement in smart cities that opportunistically leverage public transit networks for reducing reliance on and thus costs of cellular connectivity. We introduce an algorithm that selects a set of edge nodes that provides maximal sensor coverage and explore another that selects a set of edge nodes that provide minimal delivery delay within a budget. The algorithms are evaluated for two public transit network data-sets: Chapel Hill, North Carolina and Louisville, Kentucky. Results show that our algorithms consistently outperform edge node placement strategies that rely on traditional centrality metrics (betweenness and in-degree centrality) by over 77% reduction in coverage budget and over 20 minutes reduction in latency. |
7,727 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-Bayesian Social Learning with Gaussian Uncertain Models, and key words: Computational modeling, Measurement uncertainty, Training data, Data models, Uncertainty, Bayes methods, Social network services. Abstract: Non-Bayesian social learning theory provides a framework for distributed inference of a group of agents interacting over a social network by sequentially communicating and updating beliefs about the unknown state of the world through likelihood updates from their observations. Typically, likelihood models are assumed known precisely. However, in many situations the models are generated from sparse training data due to lack of data availability, high cost of collection/calibration, limits within the communications network, and/or the high dynamics of the operational environment. Recently, social learning theory was extended to handle those model uncertainties for categorical models. In this paper, we introduce the theory of Gaussian uncertain models and study the properties of the beliefs generated by the network of agents. We show that even with finite amounts of training data, non-Bayesian social learning can be achieved and all agents in the network will converge to a consensus belief that provably identifies the best estimate for the state of the world given the set of prior information. |
7,728 | Please write an abstract with title: Resource Allocations for Symbiotic Radio With Finite Blocklength Backscatter Link, and key words: Backscatter, Receivers, Internet of Things, Resource management, Channel estimation, Radio frequency, Symbiosis. Abstract: This article exploits a generic downlink symbiotic radio (SR) system, where a base station (BS) establishes a direct (primary) link with a receiver having an integrated backscatter device (BD). In order to accurately measure the backscatter link, the backscattered signal packets are designed to have finite block length. As such, the backscatter link in this SR system employs the finite blocklength channel codes. According to different types of the backscatter symbol period and transmission rate, we investigate the noncooperative and cooperative SR systems, and derive their average achievable rate of the direct and backscatter links, respectively. We formulate two optimization problems, i.e., transmit power minimization and energy-efficiency maximization. Due to the nonconvex property of these formulated optimization problems, the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation and the successive convex approximation (SCA) are considered to design the transmit beamforming vector. Moreover, a low-complexity transmit beamforming structure is constructed to reduce the computational complexity of the SDP relaxed solution. Finally, the simulation results are demonstrated to validate the proposed schemes. |
7,729 | Please write an abstract with title: Compact, lightweight, superconducting power generators, and key words: Power generation, High temperature superconductors, Superconducting microwave devices, High power microwave generation, Weapons, Power systems, Electromagnetic launching, Solid lasers, Packaging, Conductors. Abstract: Many future military systems will depend heavily on high electrical power input ranging from hundreds of kilowatts up to the multimegawatt level. These weapon systems include electromagnetic launch applications as well as electrically driven directed energy weapons (DEW), such as high-power microwaves and solid-state lasers. These power generation subsystems must often be packaged using limited space and strict weight limits on either ground mobile or airborne platforms. Superconducting generators made of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) will enable megawatt-class airborne power systems that are lightweight and compact. Also discussed briefly are new advances in HTS conductors and refrigeration systems furthering the development of HTS power systems. |
7,730 | Please write an abstract with title: Analyzing PIMA Indian Diabetes Dataset through Data Mining Tool ‘RapidMiner’, and key words: Analytical models, Computational modeling, Predictive models, Tools, Diabetes, Data mining, Pancreas. Abstract: Data mining plays a significant role in the healthcare sector's disease anticipation. Diabetes is one of the most primary public wellness issues. Approximately 463 million people worldwide bear from diabetes according to the Diabetes research and clinical practice 2019 data. Diabetes and diabetes-related diseases put tremendous burthen on countries around the world's health-care systems. The percent for the diabetes patient is continuously growing. Our paper gives an elaborated review of existent data mining techniques used against the foretelling of diabetic illness. It also gives succeeding path towards acuteness estimation of diabetic illness using data mining tool RapidMiner. It provides a preview of different model and parameter that can be tested/ implemented with the help of RapidMiner like diagrams, models etc, for generating various view. Which can help to understand the other related hidden pattern in the same data. This report provides a preview of dataset which is taken from Kaggle website, and the same data is available for any user to use. Kaggle is a website where a user can find any kind of dataset of his desire. At last paper compares the different model and produces the final preview about which model is best for forecasting, running and scoring time. |
7,731 | Please write an abstract with title: Examining the practicality and accuracy of Unmanned Aerial System Topographic Mapping (Drones) Compared to Traditional Topographic Mapping, and key words: Training, Mechatronics, Estimation, Tools, Subcontracting, Software, Surface topography. Abstract: This paper examines the accuracy of the limitations of using drone to generate contour maps. Contour mapping involves the location of elevation datum referenced in the x, y and z planes to accurately depict the contours of an area and for generating topographic maps. Traditionally, this was conducted by using Total Station and other surveying tools which is based on manually locating points on the site using the angle and distance method often referred to as trigonometric leveling. This method is usually labor intensive and relatively time consuming. Several “Drone surveying systems” were introduced to the market. These systems were advertised to replace the traditional surveying method. This case study examines practicality and accuracy of creating topographic maps using unmanned aerial systems (drones). As a case study a 5.522 acres site was surveyed by traditional methods and by Kespry© 2 drone to collect the surface data required to generate a topographic map. The results showed the drone readings are within an average accuracy of 0.0075 ft and 0.0175 for the northing and easting distances respectively with a standard deviation of 0.022ft. and 0.029 ft. and a range of 0.02 ft. The Elevation accuracy average was 0.332 ft with a standard deviation of 0.278 ft. and a range of 0.77 ft. The difference in the calculated cut and fill volume between the drone system and the traditional system was 8.2% The results indicated that topographic mapping using drones can generate topographic maps with acceptable accuracy for general site grading. The Drone system also saves time and reduce human error. However, it usually requires subcontracting the work to a company with special training personnel who have access to special analytical software and relatively expensive equipment. Special Drone flight permissions is also required for some sites. |
7,732 | Please write an abstract with title: Network simplification through oracle learning, and key words: Artificial neural networks, Handheld computers, Neural networks, Telephony, Application software, Power system modeling, Training data, Bagging, Data mining, Computer science. Abstract: Often, the best artificial neural network to solve a real-world problem is relatively complex. However, with the growing popularity of smaller computing devices (hand-held computers, cellular telephones, automobile interfaces, etc.), there is a need for simpler models with comparable accuracy. This paper presents evidence that using a larger model as an oracle to train a smaller model on unlabeled data results in (1) a simpler acceptable model and (2) improved results over standard training methods on a similarly-sized smaller model. On automated spoken-digit recognition, oracle learning resulted in an artificial neural network of half the size that (1) maintained comparable accuracy to the larger neural network and (2) obtained up to a 25% decrease in error over standard training methods. |
7,733 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comparative analysis of the phases of a three-phase Prepaid meter on some selected Loads, and key words: Meters, Phase measurement, Power demand, Conferences, Aggregates, Watches, Time measurement. Abstract: This study presents a comparative analysis of power consumption of the phases of a three-phase prepaid meter on some selected loads. This investigation was stimulated by the insinuations of some users of prepaid meters that there exist some inaccuracies in the measuring capacities of the different phases of some models of three-phase prepaid meters. The methodology involved an experimental measurement of time using non-reactive loads of 360w, 200w and 160w. The other apparatus used were an existing model of a commercial three-phase prepaid meter and a stop watch. The loads were connected to each phase of the three-phase meter at a time and measurements were taken on each of the load categories at 220V supply. The results show that the mean time for the consumption of 0.01kWh at each load categories in the three phases were not equal. From the results it can be concluded that there are variations in the measuring capability of the various phases of a three-phase prepaid meter. |
7,734 | Please write an abstract with title: Simple and easy one step method for synthesizing ZnO nanorods for high frequency device application, and key words: Visualization, Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray scattering, II-VI semiconductor materials, Thermal decomposition, Surface morphology, X-ray diffraction. Abstract: ZnO nanorods were prepared by simple and easy one step thermal decomposition method calcined at two different temperatures 400°C and 600°C for three hours. Prepared ZnO nanorods were characterized with various characterization techniques. Structural analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and found single phase formation with wurtzite hexagonal structure. Surface morphology was visualized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). FESEM images clearly showed formation of ZnO nanorods for both samples. The dielectric results showed that sample sintered at 600°C is more suitable for high frequency memory device application due to its high value of dielectric constant 60 and small dielectric loss 0.9 at 1 KHz. |
7,735 | Please write an abstract with title: Tomorrow's needs - yesterday's technology: DoD's architectural dilemma & plan for resolution, and key words: Service oriented architecture, Runtime, Computer architecture, Specification languages, Testing, Operating systems, Software architecture, Web services, Government, NASA. Abstract: As department of defense (DoD) is moving rapidly towards service-oriented computing (SOC), new challenges arise. SOC represents a new and emerging paradigm of computing. The new paradigm would affect every phase of system development and operation. This paper presents the impact of SOC on software architecture, specification languages, and engineering techniques. |
7,736 | Please write an abstract with title: An Eye Blink detection technique in video surveillance based on Eye Aspect Ratio, and key words: Head, Sleep, Face recognition, Education, Video surveillance, Fatigue, Cameras. Abstract: Detecting the open/closed state of the eyes is an important step in determining the state of the face in applications related to human facial expressions. This report deals with an eye open/closed detection technique based on the variation of the ratio rectangle surrounding the eye. The technique has been tested and proven effective in determining sleepiness based on images. |
7,737 | Please write an abstract with title: Passivity-based Fixed-order H-infinity Controller Design for Grid-forming VSCs, and key words: Uncertainty, Systematics, Robust stability, Switches, Stability analysis, Robustness, Power conversion. Abstract: This paper presents a systematic approach on voltage controller design for three-phase inverters with passivity-based robust stability capabilities. Such design involves several requirements as stand-alone stability margins and tracking behavior along with input impedance shaping for passivity-based robustness. Besides, symmetrical three-phase systems are expressed as multiple-input multiple-output systems, which makes controller synthesis intricate. Then, the proposed multi-objective approach synthesizes the controller by means of a non-smooth ${{\mathcal{H}}_{\infty} }$ optimization technique that tunes all free parameters of the corresponding vector-based controller function. We present the design methodology for the two most usual grid-forming strategies: single-loop and dual-loop (cascaded with inner current control). Both designs are validated in time and frequency domain by means of theoretical, simulation and experimental results. |
7,738 | Please write an abstract with title: Finite Frequency <tex>$\mathrm{H}\infty$</tex> Control for Electro-Hydraulic Servo System With Parameter Uncertainties, and key words: Servomotors, Uncertain systems, Mathematical model, Frequency-domain analysis, Valves, Frequency control. Abstract: The frequency of the disturbance of electro-hydraulic servo system is often within a certain range, and the uncertainty of system parameters is common in physical systems. For the above issues, this paper focuses on solving the disturbances within a certain frequency range and the parameters uncertainties in the electro-hydraulic servo system by using finite frequency H∞ control method. To accomplish this study, a nonlinear model of electro-hydraulic servo system was established and derived into an uncertain linearized mathematical model. This linear model also fully considered the uncertainties of system parameters and reserved a large space for them. For the stability of electro-hydraulic servo system with parameter uncertainties and disturbance within a certain range, the finite frequency H∞ control method was used here. After performing operations on linear matrix inequalities, a feasible solution was obtained for satisfying asymptotic stability. The simulation shows that the proposed method has a better robust effect on the stability under the influence of parameters uncertainties and external disturbance within a certain frequency domain. |
7,739 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatial Oversampling for Quantized LoS MIMO, and key words: Radio frequency, Phase shift keying, Quantization (signal), Receiving antennas, Computer architecture, Bandwidth, Radiofrequency integrated circuits. Abstract: Line of sight (LoS) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems provide attractive scaling properties for emerging millimeter wave (mmWave) systems, with the number of spatial degrees of freedom and available bandwidth both scaling up with carrier frequency. A standard architecture for LoS MIMO is an array of subarrays, where the number of subarrays equals the number of available spatial degrees of freedom. While this has the advantage of permitting each subarray to employ radio frequency (RF) beamforming, recent developments in mmWave radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) motivate consideration of more flexible configurations employing a larger number of receive antennas, with each element having its own RF chain and digital output. In this paper, we investigate how spatial oversampling with such configurations can help relax precision requirements for analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), which is a significant challenge as signaling bandwidths scale up. We illustrate our ideas via LoS MIMO systems with 4 spatially multiplexed QPSK and 16QAM modulated data streams and 2/3/4-bit ADCs, showing that 16 receive antenna elements spaced evenly across the aperture outperform standard array of subarrays architectures with the same number of antenna elements. |
7,740 | Please write an abstract with title: A framework for an evolutionary path toward 4G by means of cooperation of networks, and key words: Wireless networks, Research and development, GSM, Digital video broadcasting, Resource management, TV broadcasting, Digital audio broadcasting, Wireless LAN, Context modeling, Mobile communication. Abstract: Combining networks to form a composite network for joint operations in the current business context is desirable in order to limit capital and operational expenditures, but currently requires complying with existing value chains and business models. However, commonalities between the two most popular infrastructures, mobile cellular and TV broadcast, are such that a common framework for services and QoS management can be built, without the expense of starting from scratch in the design of a universal system able to connect users for communications and entertainment. This article describes such a framework that can potentially ally mobile cellular and TV broadcast platforms as one stepping stone toward 4G and the information society. |
7,741 | Please write an abstract with title: Monolithic piezoelectric push-pull actuators for inertial drives, and key words: Piezoelectric actuators, Optical microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Optical device fabrication, Costs, Electromechanical systems, Chemical technology, Robots, Robotic assembly, Marketing and sales. Abstract: In many miniature systems for positioning and especially in microrobotics the assembly of the components becomes difficult. At sizes of systems of a few cm/sup 2/ not only the assembly becomes more difficult, downscaling also means that single parts become more fragile and individually more difficult to fabricate. We propose a method which allows to integrate several piezoelectric actuators of one or two degrees of freedom within the same bulk material, permitting to fabricate tiny positioning systems and microrobots at a mesoscopic scale. The principle of the actuator is presented, followed by some remarks on dimensioning and fabrication. Finally, some application examples are given. |
7,742 | Please write an abstract with title: Mirror Pulse Modulation for Image Sensor-based Optical Wireless Communication, and key words: Integrated optics, Wireless communication, Protocols, Optical imaging, Optical sensors, Optical modulation, Pulse modulation. Abstract: This paper describes Mirror Pulse Modulation (MPM), which is an image sensor-based optical wireless communication protocol using line scan sampling. MPM is designed to be featured on current and future smartphones, and has the advantages of a wide communication range and the ability to transmit small pieces of information at high speed. MPM has been published as IEEE standard 802.15.7-2018, but this is the first paper to describe it in detail. We evaluate here the performance of MPM with parameter settings individually optimized for several scenarios. Our results show a 4.4-fold increase in communication range and a 2.3 fold increase in dimming rate compared to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 62943:2017, which is adopted in several commercial services. |
7,743 | Please write an abstract with title: Cost-Effective Optimal Multi-Source Energy Management Technique in Heterogeneous Networks, and key words: Wireless communication, Base stations, Energy consumption, Energy loss, Renewable energy sources, Costs, Simulation. Abstract: Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) involve multi-source energy supply for energy consumption through energy conservation and emission reduction. This research paper considers traditional energy's Torono Real-Time (TOU) price and fairness among users. It uses exponential utility functions that build a relationship between energy consumption, energy cost, and user fairness. Furthermore, it divides user selection into two stages such as (i) edge user allocation and (ii) service user determination to obtain an optimally balanced load distribution. We evaluate the proposed technique by combining two algorithms such as PA1 and PA2. The proposed approach significantly reduces the cost and energy consumption of the base station system in heterogeneous networks. |
7,744 | Please write an abstract with title: Analog rotating ring decoder for an LDPC convolutional code, and key words: Parity check codes, Convolutional codes, Belief propagation, Iterative decoding, AWGN, Additive white noise, Circuit simulation, Hardware, Energy consumption, Delay. Abstract: We present an analog rotating ring decoder for decoding an LDPC convolutional code. The decoder architecture uses a window of soft received L-values, K time units in the past and K time units in the future, to decode a given bit. The window of 2K+1 time units is arranged in a ring structure, and decoding proceeds in a continuous fashion by rotating around the ring. Simulation results indicate performance almost identical to that achieved with digital decoding. |
7,745 | Please write an abstract with title: Series resistance estimation and C(V) measurements on ultra thin oxide MOS capacitors, and key words: Electrical resistance measurement, MOS capacitors, Capacitance measurement, Current measurement, Thickness measurement, Area measurement, Electric variables measurement, Electric resistance, Testing, Silicon. Abstract: Based on measurements on test structures with various electrical silicon oxide thicknesses (from 21 /spl Aring/ to 13 /spl Aring/) and areas (from 27000 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ to 2 /spl mu/m/sup 2/), this paper describes the effect of gate current on measured capacitance using a standard 10 kHz-to-1 MHz LCR-meter. We show that, in presence of high gate leakage, the series impedance, and also the channel debiasing, have a dramatic effect on observed C(V) curves. We also propose a segmented-MOS model, allowing discrete solution of the current continuity equation along the channel, which fits the measured C(V) and provides a solution for process monitoring (such as oxide thickness) and intrinsic capacitance determination for device modeling. |
7,746 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication and performance of Nb/sub 3/Sn Rutherford-type cable with Cu added as a separate component, and key words: Fabrication, Niobium, Superconducting cables, Superconducting magnets, Conductors, Costs, Manufacturing, Strips, Tin, Magnetic cores. Abstract: From the standpoint of overall conductor cost, it is desirable to minimize the amount of Cu that is co-processed with the superconductor during strand fabrication. We are investigating several approaches for fabricating multistrand cables in which the Cu is added at the final, i.e., cabling, stage of manufacture. These include mixed strand Rutherford-type cables with pure Cu strands cabled together with superconductor strands that have a low volume fraction of Cu, Cu added as a core to a Rutherford-type cable, and Cu strip added to the surface of the cable. Results on fabrication of several alternate types of Nb/sub 3/Sn cables are presented. The more promising types of mixed strand and cored cables are being evaluated in short sample and small magnet tests. These results will be presented and the performance will be compared with conventional Rutherford cables where the Cu is an integral component of the superconductor strand. |
7,747 | Please write an abstract with title: 593 nm laser generation by summing simultaneously dual wavelength diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO/sub 4/ laser with periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/, and key words: Diodes, Laser excitation, Pump lasers, Laser stability, Optimized production technology, Lasers and electrooptics, Power lasers, Power generation, Heat pumps, Optical materials. Abstract: Summary form only given. We demonstrated compact efficient cw yellow laser generation from single-pass sum frequency mixing (SFM) of a diode-pumped Nd:YVO/sub 4/ dual-wavelength laser with periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). A three-mirror linear cavity was proposed to generate stable simultaneous cw emission of two wavelengths, one of which /spl lambda//sub 1/ is 1342 nm and the other /spl lambda//sub 2/ is 1064 nm, from a diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO/sub 4/ laser. With 1.2 W of power at 1064 nm and 1.0 W at 1342 nm incident on the PPLN crystal, a sum-frequency output power of 92 mW was obtained at 593 nm with the single pass efficiency approximately 4.2%. The output powers at each lasing wavelength versus input power and the dependence of the generated yellow power on the total incident fundamental power at the optimum phase-matching temperature are shown. |
7,748 | Please write an abstract with title: A Two-Stage Mechanism for Demand Response Markets, and key words: Costs, ISO, Demand response, Real-time systems, Probability distribution, Random variables, Probabilistic logic. Abstract: Demand response involves system operators using incentives to modulate electricity consumption during peak hours or when faced with an incidental supply shortage. However, system operators typically have imperfect information about their customers’ baselines, that is, their consumption had the incentive been absent. The standard approach to estimate the reduction in a customer’s electricity consumption then is to estimate their counterfactual baseline. However, this approach is not robust to estimation errors or strategic exploitation by the customers and can potentially lead to overpayments to customers who do not reduce their consumption and under payments to those who do. Moreover, optimal power consumption reductions of the customers depend on the costs that they incur for curtailing consumption, which in general are private knowledge of the customers, and which they could strategically misreport in an effort to improve their own respective utilities even if it deteriorates the overall system cost. The two-stage mechanism proposed in this letter circumvents the aforementioned issues. In the day-ahead market, the participating loads are required to submit only a probabilistic description of their next-day consumption and costs to the system operator for day-ahead planning. It is only in real-time, if and when called upon for demand response, that the loads are required to report their baselines and costs. They receive credits for reductions below their reported baselines. The mechanism for calculating the credits guarantees incentive compatibility of truthful reporting of the probability distribution in the day-ahead market and truthful reporting of the baseline and cost in real-time. |
7,749 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural Network Models for Russian Language Speaker Recognition, and key words: Art, Biometrics (access control), Delay effects, Neural networks, Speech recognition, Data models, Acoustics. Abstract: Speaker recognition is a form of biometrics that treats a person's voice as a unique biological characteristic for identification, verification or speakers diarisation. Speech recognition usually used acoustic features of human speech. These acoustic patterns reflect both the anatomy and learned behavioral patterns of the individual. Present work has shown a performance of state of art approaches for speaker recognition on dataset of Russian voices. We have compared a performance of Time Delay Neural Network model based on Emphasized Channel Attention, Propagation, and Aggregation (ECAPA-TDNN) pre-trained on English data, model trained directly on Russian data and pre-trained model additionally trained on Russian data and model with some improvements in TDNN architecture. |
7,750 | Please write an abstract with title: Simultaneous Positive and Negative Pressure Control Using Disturbance Observer Compensating Coupled Disturbance Dynamics, and key words: Atmospheric modeling, Actuators, Pressure control, Mathematical models, Valves, Disturbance observers, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: This letter introduces a simultaneous positive and negative pressure controller for a pneumatic pump. For precise position or force control of the pneumatic soft actuator, the pressure from the source has to be regulated. When the positive and negative pressures are regulated, coupled dynamics caused by the pressure change affect the controller performance. In other words, changes in the positive or negative pressure concurrently act as disturbances in the opposite pressure controller. Therefore, a disturbance observer is designed to compensate for the coupled pressure dynamics. A nominal model of the system is obtained based on the output-error model used in the MATLAB System Identification Toolbox. A simulation study is also performed to design a controller when the demand for the positive and negative pressures varies. Finally, a verification of the effectiveness of the controller is done through a series of experiments. In the step response test, the maximum pressure error of the positive and negative pressure was reduced from 0.159 to 0.152 kPa and from 0.3297 to 0.2334 kPa with the disturbance observer. Where positive and negative pressures change at the same time, the root mean square of the positive and negative pressure error decreased from 0.9701 to 0.4457 kPa and from 0.9848 to 0.4634 kPa applying the proposed pressure controller. |
7,751 | Please write an abstract with title: Sub-mm encapsulated accelerometers: a fully implantable sensor for cochlear implants, and key words: Accelerometers, Cochlear implants, Ear, Acoustic sensors, Packaging, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Vibration measurement, Auditory implants, Thick films, Encapsulation. Abstract: We present, for the first time, a submillimeter sized fully packaged accelerometer as an alternative sensor for use in cochlear implants and middle ear implants. The sensor is as small as 387/spl times/387/spl times/230 /spl mu/m and weighs approximately 100 /spl mu/g. This miniaturization is realized by utilizing an advanced packaging scheme using a thick film encapsulation with epi-polysilicon. The sensor is attached on the middle ear ossicles and measures the vibration transmitted from the tympanic membrane due to the sound in the ear canal. The sensor is fully characterized on a human cadaveric temporal bone preparation. |
7,752 | Please write an abstract with title: High performance Cu interconnects capped with full-coverage ALD TaNx layer for Cu/low-k (k/spl sim/2.5) metallization, and key words: Metallization, Electromigration, Testing, Delay, Atomic layer deposition, Adhesives, Dielectric substrates, Transmission electron microscopy, Leakage current, Coatings. Abstract: Performance of Cu dual damascene interconnects with a full coverage ALD TaNx cap layer coating on the top surface of Cu line has been investigated. With deposition process that generates different ALD TaNx film properties on Cu and low-k dielectrics, 100% yield of line-to-line leakage can be achieved. ALD TaNx cap layer can improve electromigration lifetime by more than 3 times due to improvement of the interface between Cu and cap layer which actually suppress the Cu surface migration without degradation of stress migration performance. This work demonstrates that ALD TaNx cap layer can be successfully integrated with Cu/low-k (k/spl sim/2.5) metallization with potential5% reduction in RC delay as compared to conventional cap layer. |
7,753 | Please write an abstract with title: e-learning and HK school education, and key words: Electronic learning, Educational institutions, Hardware, Computer networks, Web server, Internet, Computer science education, Network servers, Information technology, Industrial training. Abstract: e-learning has become increasingly important. The situation in Hong Kong is no exception. Since the implementation of the five-year strategy for information technology in education, there have been substantial changes in the infrastructure in Hong Kong schools in terms of hardware, software and peopleware. These advances are providing a good platform for Hong Kong schools to further develop a better and necessary learning environment for their students. This paper reports some of the development of e-learning in Hong Kong and reflects critically on its future. |
7,754 | Please write an abstract with title: Semisupervised learning of hierarchical latent trait models for data visualization, and key words: Semisupervised learning, Data visualization, Data mining, Sun, Multidimensional systems, Data analysis, Feedback, Gaussian noise, Quantization. Abstract: Recently, we have developed the hierarchical generative topographic mapping (HGTM), an interactive method for visualization of large high-dimensional real-valued data sets. We propose a more general visualization system by extending HGTM in three ways, which allows the user to visualize a wider range of data sets and better support the model development process. 1) We integrate HGTM with noise models from the exponential family of distributions. The basic building block is the latent trait model (LTM). This enables us to visualize data of inherently discrete nature, e.g., collections of documents, in a hierarchical manner. 2) We give the user a choice of initializing the child plots of the current plot in either interactive, or automatic mode. In the interactive mode, the user selects "regions of interest", whereas in the automatic mode, an unsupervised minimum message length (MML)-inspired construction of a mixture of LTMs is employed. The unsupervised construction is particularly useful when high-level plots are covered with dense clusters of highly overlapping data projections, making it difficult to use the interactive mode. Such a situation often arises when visualizing large data sets. 3) We derive general formulas for magnification factors in latent trait models. Magnification factors are a useful tool to improve our understanding of the visualization plots, since they can highlight the boundaries between data clusters. We illustrate our approach on a toy example and evaluate it on three more complex real data sets. |
7,755 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-complexity joint synchronization of symbol timing and carrier frequency for OFDM systems, and key words: Frequency synchronization, Timing, OFDM, Correlators, Frequency estimation, Frequency division multiplexing, Hardware, Low pass filters, Estimation error, Error analysis. Abstract: Timing synchronization for guard-interval-based (GIB) orthogonal frequency multiplexing (OFDM) systems requires a correlator to correlate the last N/sub g/ (length of the guard interval) samples of the received OFDM symbol with their copies ahead. The straightforward implementation of this correlator results in the need to perform N/sub g/ complex additions for each correlator output. In this paper, we present an improved synchronization algorithm for the coarse joint estimation of symbol timing and carrier frequency offset. With the proposed algorithm, the coarse estimator can be implemented with extremely low hardware complexity by replacing the conventional correlator with a l-order low pass filter. Only one complex addition is needed for each output. The probability for frequency offset estimation error is analyzed for ideal channel. Simulation results show that it works reliably over both AWGN and multipath fading channels. |
7,756 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical Phase Locking of Modelocked Lasers for Particle Accelerators, and key words: Laser mode locking, Linear particle accelerator, Laser modes, Laser stability, Frequency, Power lasers, Optical control, Laser theory, Optical pulses, Optical variables control. Abstract: Particle accelerators require precise phase control of the electric field through the entire accelerator structure. Thus a future laser driven particle accelerator will require optical synchronism between the high-peak power laser sources that power the accelerator. The precise laser architecture for a laser driven particle accelerator is not determined yet, however it is clear that the ability to phase-lock independent modelocked oscillators will be of crucial importance. We report the present status on our work to demonstrate long term phaselocking between two modelocked lasers to within one dregee of optical phase and describe the optical synchronization techniques that we employ. |
7,757 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced particle swarm optimization through external memory support, and key words: Particle swarm optimization, Constraint optimization, Evolutionary computation, Birds, Marine animals, Educational institutions, Acceleration, Linear programming, Algorithm design and analysis, Convergence. Abstract: A particle swarm optimization strategy using an external memory of partial position and velocity vectors for the purpose of achieving better and faster search capabilities is introduced. Partially complete position and velocity vectors stored in memory are segments cut from the two components of promising solutions over a number of previous iterations, where the size and location of segments are selected completely at random. Elements of external memory (segments) are also associated with their parents' fitness values that are used in retrieving the stored elements. After every iteration, the worst k% of the swarm population is considered and position and velocity vectors of each particle in this subpopulation are partly modified by memory elements retrieved using a fitness-based selection procedure. To update the memory, randomly-sized and randomly located segments cut from the best m% of the current swarm population replaces those memory elements with the worst fitness values. The proposed approach is used for the solution of several benchmark numerical optimization problems for which the obtained results demonstrate that both the speed and solution quality are improved compared to conventional PSO algorithms. |
7,758 | Please write an abstract with title: Time-Varying Downlink Channel Tracking for Quantized Massive MIMO Networks, and key words: Channel estimation, Massive MIMO, Downlink, Message passing, Bayes methods, Quantization (signal), Training. Abstract: This paper proposes a Bayesian downlink channel estimation framework for time-varying massive MIMO networks. In particular, the quantization effects at the receiver are considered. In order to fully exploit the sparsity and time correlations of channels, we formulate the time-varying massive MIMO channel as the simultaneously sparse signal model. Then, we propose a sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) framework to estimate the model parameters of the sparse virtual channel. The expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is employed to reduce complexity. Specifically, the factor graph and the general approximate message passing (GAMP) algorithms are used to compute the desired posterior statistics in the expectation step, so that high-dimensional integrals over the marginal distributions can be avoided. The non-zero supporting vector of the virtual channel is then obtained from channel statistics by a k-means clustering algorithm. After that, the reduced dimensional GAMP-based scheme is designed to make the full use of the channel temporal correlation so as to enhance the virtual channel tracking accuracy. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed framework is demonstrated through simulations. |
7,759 | Please write an abstract with title: Security Management, and key words: Security, Information security, Organizations, Standards organizations, Security management, Risk management, Information systems. Abstract: Security management is a broad field of management that includes asset management, physical security, cybersecurity, and human resources safety functions. A basic concept of security management is the information security. The management's role is to determine the objectives, scope, policies, priorities, and strategies to implement the security program. A security program describes the structure and organization of the effort related to information security and physical security. Security process is the method an organization uses to implement and achieve its security objectives. Asset management is a management paradigm and a body of management practices. The asset management analytics can be used for the development of operations, maintenance, and capital improvement projects. The safety and security considerations at all levels of technology are expressed by the human factors, which determine how technology is perceived, adopted, and used. Related to information security are the concepts of information security management system and information security management. |
7,760 | Please write an abstract with title: Time variability of the foliated fixed wireless access channel at 3.5 GHz, and key words: Wind speed, Rician channels, Scattering, Antenna measurements, Laboratories, Frequency measurement, Base stations, Directive antennas, Antennas and propagation, Signal processing. Abstract: This paper examines the temporal characteristics of the fixed wireless access channel resulting from the combined effects of foliage and wind. Measurements at a frequency of 3.5 GHz taken over the course of one year are presented. The temporal variability of the path loss is shown to be well approximated by a Rician process. The dependency of the median K factor on excess path loss, average wind speed and season is investigated. An empirical expression for the median K factor encompassing these variables is presented. The median K factor is found to be approximately inversely proportional to average wind speed. |
7,761 | Please write an abstract with title: Recursive Matrix Decomposition Methods and Applications in Wireless Communication, and key words: Wireless communication, Interference cancellation, Simulation, Signal processing algorithms, Detectors, Signal processing, Decoding. Abstract: Matrix decomposition methods such as the Cholesky and the QR decomposition arise in several applications in signal processing for multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. The computational complexity of regular Cholesky and QR solvers is known to be $\mathcal{O}\left( {{N^3}} \right)$. To reduce this, several recursive algorithms at both column- and block-levels have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we utilize one such recursive structure in Cholesky and QR decompositions for matrices with entries from the field of complex numbers, which results in a level of complexity reduction. The use of the considered techniques is discussed in the context of a MIMO decoder. In particular, the utility of proposed methods is illustrated in a MIMO successive interference cancellation based detector. Simulation results are provided to substantiate the performance of a detector under two different antenna and receiver configurations. |
7,762 | Please write an abstract with title: How to take advantage of aliasing in bandlimited signals, and key words: Image resolution, Optical signal processing, Signal processing, Optical filters, Signal resolution, Digital filters, Signal sampling, Frequency conversion, Optical frequency conversion, Signal processing algorithms. Abstract: In signal processing systems, aliasing is normally treated as a disturbing signal. That motivates the need for effective analog, optical and digital anti-aliasing filters. However, aliasing also conveys valuable information on the signal above the Nyquist frequency. Hence, an effective processing of the samples, based on a model of the input signal, would virtually allow the sampling frequency to be increased using slower and cheaper converters. We present such an algorithm for bandlimited signals that are sampled below twice the maximum signal frequency. Using a subspace method in the frequency domain, we show that these signals can be reconstructed from multiple sets of samples. The offset between the sets is unknown and can have arbitrary values. This approach can be applied to the creation of super-resolution images from sets of low resolution images. In this application, registration parameters have to be computed from aliased images. We show that parameters and high resolution images can be computed precisely, even when high levels of aliasing are present on the low resolution images. |
7,763 | Please write an abstract with title: Mask Mandates and COVID-19 Infection Growth Rates, and key words: COVID-19, Pandemics, Sociology, Big Data, Statistics, Springs, Viruses (medical). Abstract: Several government agencies (including the CDC and other federal and state level agencies) have been collecting and creating big datasets around the COVID-19 global pandemic. These data provide important information that can be used to inform our understanding of the effectiveness of different policies and measures in reducing the spread of the virus. In this paper, we explore the relationship between mask mandates and COVID-19 infection rates to try to understand the role that mask mandates play in infection growth rates. Using a difference-in-difference estimation and data from the CDC and other state agencies, the results suggest that mask mandates are associated with a 15% decrease in COVID-19 infection growth rates during the late spring/early summer of 2020. These results are not impacted by differences in population density. Considering Republican controlled states only, masks were associated with a 9% decrease in COVID-19 infection growth rates. Considering states that had stay-at-home orders only, mask mandate were associated with an 18% decrease in COVID-19 infection growth rates. Overall, the results in this paper suggest that mask mandates had a significant impact on reducing the spread of COVID-19 during the late spring and early summer of 2020 in the US. |
7,764 | Please write an abstract with title: The Integration of STEMC in Indonesia: Current Status and Future Prospects, and key words: Industries, Education, Government, Collaboration, Media, Mathematics, Stakeholders. Abstract: It is necessary to develop students to become lifelong learning of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics to meet the challenges in the 21st century. Therefore, the STEM research center of Universitas Syiah Kuala in collaboration with other stakeholders in education, namely government, industry, public, and media has launched the Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Character (STEMC) learning approach. There are six aspects to be developed through the STEMC approach: critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, computational thinking, and characters. In general, the nature of STEMC is not only a process of transferring knowledge from teachers to students but also an effort to build students' character. STEMC approach is designed to improve students' scientific abilities, motivation, and perseverance. It means that every phase of learning is designing to support students' intellectual and emotional growth. This paper aims to address what has been done at the STEM Research Center of Universitas Syiah Kuala and the plan for integrating STEMC in Indonesia. It provides an overview of some projects that have been conducted, such as the development of STEMC modules for senior high schools and collaboration with State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in teacher professional development programs. In addition, this paper also highlights the STEM center's plan to implement STEMC in Indonesia |
7,765 | Please write an abstract with title: Current chopping control based on fuzzy logic rules for switched reluctance motor, and key words: Fuzzy logic, Torque, Switching frequency, Switches, Switched reluctance motors, Control systems, Torque measurement. Abstract: Switched reluctance motor has its inevitable torque ripple problem due to its unique structure and severe saturation of magnetic circuit, which affects its industrial development. The traditional current chopping control cannot track the speed deviation well, and the effect of suppressing the torque ripple is not obvious. Therefore, this paper designs a current chopping controller based on fuzzy logic rules, which achieves the purpose of reducing torque ripple more effectively by controlling the PWM on/off duty cycle of each interrupt period. The effectiveness of this strategy is verified by MATLAB / SIMULINK simulation model and experimental platform with three-phase 6/4 SRM. Results show that the proposed strategy can effectively reduce torque ripple and output a constant torque. |
7,766 | Please write an abstract with title: A history-based test prioritization technique for regression testing in resource constrained environments, and key words: Software testing, Time factors, Educational institutions, Permission, System testing, Computer science, Software maintenance, Costs, Performance evaluation, Programming. Abstract: Regression testing is an expensive and frequently executed maintenance process used to revalidate modified software. To improve it, regression test selection (RTS) techniques strive to lower costs without overly reducing effectiveness by carefully selecting a subset of the test suite. Under certain conditions, some can even guarantee that the selected test cases perform no worse than the original test suite. This ignores certain software development realities such as resource and time constraints that may prevent using RTS techniques as intended (e.g., regression testing must be done overnight, but RTS selection returns two days worth of tests). In practice, testers work around this by prioritizing the test cases and running only those that fit within existing constraints. Unfortunately this generally violates key RTS assumptions, voiding RTS technique guarantees and making regression testing performance unpredictable. Despite this, existing prioritization techniques are memoryless, implicitly assuming that local choices can ensure adequate long run performance. Instead, we propose a new technique that bases prioritization on historical execution data. We conducted an experiment to assess its effects on the long run performance of resource constrained regression testing. Our results expose essential tradeoffs that should be considered when using these techniques over a series of software releases. |
7,767 | Please write an abstract with title: Point Clouds Classification of Large Scenes based on Blueprint Separation Convolutional Neural Network, and key words: Point cloud compression, Industries, Three-dimensional displays, Convolution, Navigation, Conferences, Feature extraction. Abstract: In industry 4.0-related applications such as UAVs, autonomous driving, remote sensing, and navigation, environmental perception based on large-scene point clouds plays a crucial role. Accurate point clouds classification is the key and premise of environment perception. In this paper, we propose a new point clouds classification method, FeatureB2SE. First, we design a feature extraction method for point clouds by projecting features in different directions in 2D and 3D to form feature maps. Then, we present a B2SE convolution that can more adequately leverage the advantages from both blueprints separable convolution and Squeeze-and-Excitation networks. To effectively evaluate the performance of FeatureB2SE, extensive experiments have been conducted on two public datasets, GML_B and Vaihingen. The outcome demonstrates that our strategy has achieved state-of-the-art baselines. Specifically, the classification accuracy achieves 98.91% on the GML_B dataset and 85.11% on the Vaihingen dataset, respectively. |
7,768 | Please write an abstract with title: Mobility in hybrid networks architectures, and key words: Intelligent networks, Telecommunication traffic, Spread spectrum communication, Routing protocols, Web and internet services, IP networks, Wireless LAN, Wireless application protocol, Mobile computing, Peer to peer computing. Abstract: The demand for wireless mobile Internet access is driven by the continuing emergence of new multimedia services and applications. Thus, the overall traffic characteristics for a wireless Internet network such as a 'WiFi' (i.e., IEEE802.11b) system can include a wide range of dynamic traffic properties (e.g., asymmetric up and downlink message size, desired data rate and message latency, message-flow probability, etc.) that are dependent on the type of Internet service or application from each of the users on the network and the wireless terminal's capabilities. Combining the high data rate of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs and multihop connectivity of ad hoc networking, hybrid networks are an attractive solution for ubiquitous mobile access to the Internet. In this paper it is analyzed a routing protocol named flexible mobile access routing protocol (FMARP). Simulation results show that this routing protocol provides reliable data delivery, and swiftly reacts to the network changes with low overhead. |
7,769 | Please write an abstract with title: A Data Fusion Powered Bi-Directional Long Short Term Memory Model for Predicting Multi-Lane Short Term Traffic Flow, and key words: Predictive models, Roads, Spatiotemporal phenomena, Data models, Hidden Markov models, Correlation, Real-time systems. Abstract: In intelligent transportation system (ITS), accurate and real-time prediction of short-term multi-lane traffic flow with existing traffic data is an important part of urban traffic planning, traffic management and control. The data generated in the process of vehicle driving has the cooperative characteristics of multi-source, space-time and dynamic. Combining the data with high-performance computing or cloud computing, a new space-time information framework is designed, which is of great significance for the analysis and prediction of traffic flow, as well as intelligent traffic management, service and decision-making. This paper analyzes the statistical characteristics of urban road traffic flow from the two dimensions of time and space through the spatial-temporal correlation between multi-lane short term traffic flow in single observation point and multi observation points. We constructed a data fusion powered bi-directional long short term memory (DFBD-LSTM) model for individual lane and aggregate traffic flow, then used this model to predict multi-lane short term traffic flow. By taking individual lane traffic flow and aggregate traffic flow as different variables, the model produces more accurate predictions, which can better guide people to travel, alleviate the congestion of urban road traffic network to a certain extent, and improve the utilization rate and transportation efficiency of traffic road. |
7,770 | Please write an abstract with title: High-Efficiency Polarization Converter by Transmissive Metasurface, and key words: Polarization, Metasurfaces, Numerical simulation, Electromagnetics, Antennas. Abstract: A single-layer transmissive metasurface is presented for the efficient control the electromagnetic wave's polarization. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that such a metasurface can fully control the polarization of the linearly incident beam. It is also demonstrated that the circular polarized incident wave can be converted perfectly to the opposite polarization in such a metasurface. |
7,771 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated design of corrugated conical horns for dual-band applications, and key words: Dual band, Electromagnetic waveguides, Design automation, Frequency, Geometry, Waveguide junctions, Polarization, Electronic mail, Satellite communication, Bandwidth. Abstract: A highly efficient full-wave model and CAD of conical corrugated horns is discussed. The capabilities of the CAD tools are demonstrated by the design of dual-hand horn operating over the 20 - 21.5 and 29.5 - 31.5 GHz bands. A comparison of the designed horn characteristics obtained with the Kirchhoff-Huygens approach and Wiener-Hopf technique is presented. |
7,772 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication of nano-gap electrodes using ultrathin metal film, and key words: Fabrication, Electrodes, Atomic force microscopy, Substrates, Atomic layer deposition, Nanostructures, Probes, Surfaces, Semiconductor films, Voltage. Abstract: Organic molecules have attracted a great deal of attention because of their promising applications to electronics. Many researchers have recently studied electrical properties of ultrathin molecular films for the developments of molecular electronic devices (MEDs). Since electrical junctions between the metallic electrode and the molecular film are directly related to the carrier injection in the device, the nanoscale investigations of molecular structures and electrical properties at the metal/molecular film interface is indispensable. Scanning probe microscopy techniques are remarkably suitable methods for such investigations. However, it is often difficult to bring the probe tip in the close proximity of the electrode edge because of a large difference in height between the electrode and the ultrathin molecular film with the typical thickness of a few nm, which prevents us from the nanoscale investigations of the metal/molecular-film interface. In this study, for overcoming the difficulty we fabricated Pt nano-gap electrodes having a molecular-scale thickness and atomical flatness. We investigated the structures and the electrical properties of the molecular films at the electrode edge using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Kelvin force microscopy. |
7,773 | Please write an abstract with title: LFSR using CDFF and GDI, and key words: Logic gates, Computer architecture, Discharges (electric), Linear feedback shift registers, Delays, Flip-flops, Transistors. Abstract: A new design of the Linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) using the conditional discharge flip-flop (CDFF) and the Gate-Diffusion-Input (GDI) technique is proposed. This method results in efficient result parameters such as low power, reduced area and minimum usage of transistor than conventional techniques. With respect to the above parameters, other LFSR designing technique's performance is compared and presented. The resultant bits from LFSR are usually sampled for n-bit random number generation. Most importantly complexity of the design is very simple. With the proposed LFSR architecture, the average power consumed is saved up to 33%. Implementation techniques and net results are produced with Tanner EDA tool. |
7,774 | Please write an abstract with title: A state-space model for steady-state analysis of soft-switching PWM DC/DC converters based on MATLAB/Simulink, and key words: Mathematical model, Steady-state, Pulse width modulation, Pulse width modulation converters, DC-DC power converters, MATLAB, Analytical models, Switching converters, Computational modeling, Circuit simulation. Abstract: State-space modeling method for both hard-and soft-switching PWM DC/DC converters is discussed and a MATLAB/Simulink model to implement this method is proposed in this paper. Due to direct adoption of state-space equations and compact structure established with Simulink, the proposed model shows high reliability and more effective performance and it is particularly suitable for steady-state analysis of soft-switching PWM DC/DC converters. An example of transient process simulation for a hard-switching converter and another example of steady-state simulation for a soft-switching converter are presented to verify and highlight the features of the proposed model, with emphasis upon the latter. |
7,775 | Please write an abstract with title: Power system study solutions, and key words: Power systems, Power system protection, Grounding, Power quality, Harmonic filters, Power factor correction, Power system harmonics, Power harmonic filters, Thyristors, Frequency conversion. Abstract: The recommendation to modify the aerial lines with the lightening protection have already begun. Grounding the OHGW at every fourth pole, at tap points, and at the end of the lines is now in the implementation phase with the intent of getting the modification done before the next lightening sensor. Additional power quality analysis for the remaining well to determine their "health" has been planted, with waveform analysis also being planned as a normal maintenance tool. The addition of 24 kV harmonics filters for power factor correction has been funded and plans to address the future wells and proposed harmonic control using different phase connections is also being considered. Reprogramming the existing SCR VSDs to allow a better efficiency and harmonic generation minimization is in the process of being implemented as well-with only incidental labor costs. High-resistance grounding changes are also under advisement for the down hole ESPs. |
7,776 | Please write an abstract with title: A tunable incremental factor algorithm in fundus indocyanine green angiogram registration and mosaicing, and key words: Image registration, Jacobian matrices, Pixel, Tunable circuits and devices, Biomedical engineering, Image resolution, Image converters, Degradation, Optimization methods, Least squares approximation. Abstract: A tunable incremental factor is introduced to the inverse compositional image alignment method in registration of fundus blood vessel angiograms under confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, to build angiogram mosaics which have larger field of view without loss of resolution to assist diagnosis. The algorithm costs less iterations to converge usually and hardly causes degradation to the registration precision, mainly due to the favorable convexity of the normalized Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) function between the angiograms. The effectiveness and efficiency of the tunable incremental factor algorithm, as well as the convexity of the normalized SSD function, is exemplified in the experimental results on clinical indocyanine green angiograms. |
7,777 | Please write an abstract with title: Positive Effect Study of a Passive Waist-Assistive Exoskeleton on Human Muscle Activity and Stability, and key words: Mechatronics, Exoskeletons, Kinematics, Muscles, Market research, Stability analysis, Thorax. Abstract: Investigating effects of waist-assistive exoskeleton on human muscle activity and stability can not only help human to carry heavy objects easier and safer, but also promote the development of wearable robotic devices. To this end, this paper dedicates to studying positive impacts of a passive waist-assistive exoskeleton on human muscle activation and movement stability via experimental technology under carrying task. During the experiment studying, four subjects are recruited to carry different objects under three different tasks. The experimental results show that muscle activations of the left and right thorax thoracic erector spinaes of each subject are generally reduced around 10%. Also, the experimental results confirm that the root mean square (RMS) of the center of pressure (COP) of each subject is averagely reduced about 8% and movement trend of each subject’s trunk has become smoother and more stable. |
7,778 | Please write an abstract with title: The Design of Fractional I-LQR Controller for Constrained Quadrotor Using Grasshopper optimization Algorithm, and key words: Regulators, Heuristic algorithms, Simulation, Riccati equations, Neural networks, Metaheuristics, Cost function. Abstract: In control theory and its applications, the development of high-performance controllers is important. Therefore, this paper describes linear quadratic regulator (LQR), integral-LQR (I-LQR), and fractional integral-LQR (FI-LQR) with grasshopper optimization algorithm for quadrotors in hover mode. At first, the dynamic of a quadrotor is introduced, and the equations are presented to simulate the model, then the constraint of the quadrotor is presented which by this constraint, the structure should be described as a singular model. Then the LQR, I-LQR, and FI-LQR are designed to control the height and angles of the quadrotor. Then, by changing the dynamic of the system and defining the error as a new state, new quadrotor dynamics based on FI-LQR are achieved, and it is designed to eliminate the steady-state error. For optimizing the parameters of FI-LQR, a new optimized grasshopper optimization algorithm is used that the cost function has the lowest value. The input value of the motors is calculated to indicate the capability of the controller. For a more accurate comparison, the cost function is calculated for different values of the Q and R matrices for controllers and, the results are compared. The results show that the FI-LQR with grasshopper optimization algorithm has a higher ability to minimize the cost function rather than LQR and I-LQR. |
7,779 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhancing Reliability of Wireless Sensor Network Without Affecting Other QOS Parameters, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Wireless networks, Software algorithms, Signal processing algorithms, Quality of service, Signal processing, Market research. Abstract: In this era where the trend runs behind adapting wireless medium to communicate and sensing of data. Clustering is a process of grouping up of similar nodes and proposed work is to build path to transmit the messages which has more priority like hospital data, defense system data. To get the reliable network there is a requirement of cluster all the deployed nodes/motes and elect cluster head for each cluster. Cluster head will be elected based on optimal cluster head selection algorithm which is based on received signal strength index of the anchor motes in cluster. For monitoring whole network there is a need of SDN (software defined network) which is a new trend in the wireless network domain. This SDN based proposed work can assure to provide reliable network for the essential communication. |
7,780 | Please write an abstract with title: Moment method analysis and genetic algorithm design of shaped beam pillbox antennas, and key words: Algorithm design and analysis, Moment methods, Genetic algorithms, Polarization, Design methodology, Reflector antennas, Azimuth, Message-oriented middleware, Antenna feeds, Directive antennas. Abstract: This paper describes a design methodology for designing shaped beam pillbox antennas using a spectrum of two-dimensional solutions (S2DS) and genetic algorithms. The pillbox antenna is a type of parallel plate waveguide antenna that can be thought of as a cylindrical reflector and feed system confined between two parallel plates. The pillbox antenna can in many respects be analyzed as a two-dimensional structure, or be divided in two two-dimensional problems, as we outline here: one for the parallel plate reflector system and one for the outer two-dimensional horn. The full three-dimensional pattern is obtained by pattern multiplication with a very high degree of accuracy in the region of interest. Likewise, the total gain is efficiently calculated as the product of the elevation gain and the azimuth gain. |
7,781 | Please write an abstract with title: Personal and contextual requirements engineering, and key words: Taxonomy, Context, Human computer interaction, Monitoring, Space technology, Cultural differences, Informatics, Information science, Educational institutions, Computer science education. Abstract: A framework for requirements analysis is proposed that accounts for individual and personal goals and the effect of time and context on personal requirements. The implications of the framework on system architecture are considered as three implementation pathways: functional specifications, development of customisable features and automatic adaptation by the system. These pathways imply the need to analyse system architecture requirements. Different implementation pathways have cost-benefit implications for stakeholders, so cost-benefit analysis techniques are proposed to assess tradeoffs between goals and implementation strategies. The use of the framework is illustrated with two case studies in assistive technology domains: e-mail and a personalised navigation system. |
7,782 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of the Positioning of Single and Double Bypass Diodes in a PV String on its Reliability, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Analytical models, Monte Carlo methods, Reliability engineering, Power system reliability, Integrated circuit reliability, Transient analysis. Abstract: One of the more common operational problems in a solar PV system string is the open circuiting of one or more diodes. Open circuit conditions are often created in solar PV strings by mechanical failure of circuit continuity over a period of time or else due to transient conditions like shadow effects which affect one or more cells in the string This affects the reliability of the system. The reliability of a solar photovoltaic (SPV) string can be modified by the use of bypass diodes across affected cells suffering an open circuit. Cells in the string that are enclosed between the ends of the bypass diode, if affected, will be bypassed and the chances of power continuity will be improved. In this paper, we attempt reliability evaluation of a single string of 6 solar PV cells in series using a single bypass diode that can enclose a variable number of cells of the string between its ends. We assume that only one cell is open circuited in the string. Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the LOLP of the string with different bypass diode configurations. Next, we introduce a second bypass diode across the remaining cells not under the influence of the first bypass diode. The object is to examine if any improvements in the system reliability result. The results of the study appear to indicate that both types of bypass diode configurations result in almost identical reliability estimates although some configurations may prove to be better in terms of the LOLP estimates. The evaluation is done for three levels of load i.e. 90%, 80% and 70% of the rated power delivery of the string. |
7,783 | Please write an abstract with title: Radiation from a ferrite-filled rectangular waveguide with multiple slits, and key words: Rectangular waveguides, Ferrites, Leaky wave antennas, Fourier transforms, Beam steering, Antenna measurements, Magnetic field measurement, Slabs, Magnetic fields, Scattering. Abstract: Radiation from a ferrite-filled waveguide with multiple thick slits is investigated. The Fourier transform and mode matching are utilized to obtain a rigorous solution. The effect of the ferrite linewidth is included to account for the magnetic loss of ferrite. The maximum beam steering ratio 4.33/spl deg//100 oe is achieved with the magnetic bias field ranging from 1000 to 1400 oe. The ferrite-filled rectangular waveguide with nine slits is fabricated and its radiation patterns are measured at X-band. Our computational results agree with measurement data. |
7,784 | Please write an abstract with title: A behavioral synthesis system for asynchronous circuits, and key words: Circuit synthesis, Asynchronous circuits, Control system synthesis, Logic, Automatic generation control, Control systems, Clocks, Synchronization, Delay effects, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: Behavioral synthesis of synchronous systems is a well established and researched area. The transformation of behavioral description into a datapath and control graph, and hence, to a structural realization usually requires three fundamental steps: 1) scheduling (the mapping of behavioral operations onto time slots); 2) allocation (the mapping of the behavioral operations onto abstract functional units); and 3) binding (the mapping of the functional units onto physical cells). Optimization is usually achieved by intelligent manipulation of these three steps in some way. Key to the operation of such a system is the (automatically generated) control graph, which is effectively a complex sequence generator controlling the passage of data through the system in time to some synchronizing clock. The maximum clock speed is dictated by the slowest time slot. (This is the timeslot containing the longest combinational logic delay.) Timeslots containing quicker (less) logic will effectively waste time: the output of the combinational logic in the state will have settled long before the registers reading the data are enabled. If we allow the state to change as soon as the data is ready, by introducing the concepts of "ready" and "acknowledge," the control graph becomes a disjoint set of single-state machines-it effectively disappears, with the consequence that the timeslot-timeslot transitions become self controlling. Having removed the necessity for the timeslots to be of equal duration the system becomes selftiming: asynchronous. This paper describes a behavioral asynchronous synthesis system based on this concept that takes as input an algorithmic description of a design and produces an asynchronous structural implementation. Several example systems are synthesized both synchronously and asynchronously (with no modification to the high level description). In keeping with the well-established observation that asynchronous systems operate at average case time complexity rather than worse case, the asynchronous structures usually operate some 30% faster than their synchronous counterparts, although interesting counterexamples are observed. |
7,785 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel method of micro bubble manipulation by self organization in ultrasonic wave, and key words: Pharmaceutical technology, Drugs, Acoustic waves, Resonator filters, Payloads, Mass production, Production systems, Ferroelectric materials, Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control. Abstract: A novel method for micro bubble manipulation by ultrasonic waves is proposed. This method uses seed bubbles in order to manipulate the target bubbles. First, if the seed bubbles are introduced into an incident ultrasonic wave field, they start to oscillate, radiating secondary ultrasonic waves around them. These waves produce Bjerknes force between the bubbles. This produces seed bubble aggregation with a certain size. Then, the target bubbles are introduced, the Bjerknes force between the aggregated seed bubbles and the target bubbles trap the target bubbles, producing a bi-layer bubble mass of (inner layer: seed bubbles, outer layer: target bubbles). Experiments are carried out using bubbles with PVC shells. It is observed that the target bubbles, which are not trapped when they flow into the ultrasonic wave field, are trapped as a bi-layer bubble mass by the proposed method. |
7,786 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Compression Algorithm for Multimedia Data, and key words: Compression algorithms, Dimensionality reduction, Task analysis, Inference algorithms, Hash functions, Hamming distance, Data mining. Abstract: In this work, we consider the problem of Cosine Similarity preserving dimensionality reduction (compression) for the sparse binary dataset. [18] suggested a compression algorithm for high dimensional, sparse, binary data for preserving Inner product and Hamming distance. In this work, we show that their proposed algorithm also works well for Cosine Similarity. We present a theoretical analysis of the dimension reduction bound and complement it with rigorous experimentation on real-world datasets. We compare our results with the state-of-the-art for the considered problem - SimHash [8], MinHash [21], Circulant Binary Embedding [25], and Densified one Permutation Hashing [20], and show that our result offers a significant saving in the compression time and the number of random bits required for the compression, and simultaneously provides comparable performance. |
7,787 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of an Instrumentation Platform for Studying the Electrical Property of Soft Tissue under Mechanical Stimulation, and key words: Correlation, Animals, Instruments, System performance, Biological tissues, Velocity control, Pressing. Abstract: The electrical property of soft tissue is reported to be sensitive to the applied pressure. In this paper, an instrumentation platform is designed to provide simultaneous electrical-mechanical sensing while different mechanical compression conditions are applied. For this purpose, mechanical structure and control system are integrated to provide different pressing forces or pressing speeds. In addition, an electrode is designed to generate a uniform electric field, and an impedance spectrometer is involved for electrical impedance measurement. After the platform is made, characterization experiments are performed to demonstrate that the designed platform is qualified with position, speed, and force control accuracy of 100%, 98%, and 97% respectively. Subsequently, ex vivo animal tissue experiments are carried out for a preliminary test of the association between electrical and mechanical properties of soft tissue. According to the experimental results, a positive association between electrical impedance and the applied pressure is observed. |
7,788 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical Computing STFT Based on Image Depth Learning, and key words: Deep learning, Time-frequency analysis, Image recognition, Chirp, Heuristic algorithms, RF signals, Optical computing. Abstract: The duration and bandwidth of the broadband signal can be detected by optical computing STFT based on deep learning image recognition algorithm. The experiment results show that mAP reaches 84.52% in 895 samples. |
7,789 | Please write an abstract with title: Identifying Fake News using Machine Learning, and key words: Support vector machines, Measurement, Machine learning algorithms, Sociology, Classification algorithms, Fake news, Statistics. Abstract: Fake data is purposely or accidentally transmitted throughout the internet. It has long been a social issue, and in the digital age, the average person now has easy access to all of the information available online. This is affecting a growing population of people who are technologically blind. One of the most serious problems in the modern day is fake news, which has the capacity to affect people's minds and influence their judgments. On web browsers, there are a few plugins that provide real-time information about the veracity of news. The algorithms used to create these plugins have a significant impact on them. The goal is to create a project that will propose which of the three implemented algorithms is the best for further development by the developer. Machine learning classification methods such as SVM, naive bayes, logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest are taught to detect if news is fake or real, and then compared based on metrics. |
7,790 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of Switching Forward Single-ended DC/DC Converter in the Course “Power Supplies”, and key words: Power supplies, Modulation, Switches, Timing, Voltage control, Oscillators, Switching circuits. Abstract: The proposed paper presents active learning methods using a laboratory module “Switching Forward Single-ended DC/DC Converter” during a laboratory exercise in the course “Power supplies” at the University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev”. The “Switching Forward Singleended DC/DC Converter” laboratory module enables students to solidify their knowledge, skills and experience in switching power supplies. During the class, students record basic timing diagrams of input and output voltages, input current, oscillator voltage, control pulses for the power switch, pulse width modulation, and the positive impact of protective circuits. From practical experiments, students receive results for load characteristics with and without feedback from the switching forward single-ended DC/DC converter. |
7,791 | Please write an abstract with title: Products plug WiFi security holes, and key words: Wireless LAN, IEEE standards, Data security. Abstract: Vendors are developing new security products for WiFi (IEEE 802.11) wireless LAN technology. WiFi has become very popular but has also caused concern because of vulnerabilities that, among other things, let unauthorized users intrude into networks relatively easily. The IEEE is working on its 802.11i standard that would improve overall WiFi security via authentication and encryption. Until 802.11i is finalized, the IEEE and the WiFi alliance have developed WiFi protected access to partially upgrade the technology's data protection and access control. However, WPA doesn't address all important security issues. |
7,792 | Please write an abstract with title: Preliminary performance evaluation of switched reluctance motors with segmental rotors, and key words: Reluctance motors, Rotors, Reluctance machines, Teeth, Measurement standards, Torque converters, Testing, Current measurement, Torque measurement, Voltage. Abstract: This paper examines the performance of switched reluctance machines which employ a segmental rotor construction in preference to the usual toothed structure. Two three-phase designs are considered, one in which the windings span a number of teeth and one in which they span a single tooth. Two demonstrators have been built-one for each design type, and their performances are compared with both conventional switched reluctance motors (SRMs) and a rare earth permanent-magnet machine. It is shown how these machines can operate from a standard SRM converter: running test results are presented and there is a discussion of general operating experience, ranging from the measurement of mean torque, voltage, and current-controlled operation to general thermal performance. |
7,793 | Please write an abstract with title: Fusion of Discrete Evaluation of the State Vector of Air Objects Based on 4D Measurement, and key words: Surveillance, Correlation, Trajectory, Filtering, Data processing, Traffic control, Coordinate measuring machines. Abstract: The paper shows that successive transition to 4D measurements of the air objects location by each surveillance system included in the information network allows to create a partially synchronous information network of observation systems. This allows to coordinate the processes of both receiving and processing data in scattered information systems, which predetermines the resolution of technical contradictions that cannot be resolved in existing asynchronous information networks of observation systems, in particular, to merge data from observation systems during the filtration phase of an air object consequence, exclude tertiary data processing in the information network of surveillance systems. |
7,794 | Please write an abstract with title: Integration of Three-Phase LLC Resonant Converter and Full-Bridge Converter for Hybrid Modulated Multioutput Topology, and key words: Bridge circuits, Topology, Resonant converters, DC-DC power converters, Zero voltage switching, Voltage control, Switches. Abstract: A multioutput dc–dc topology based on hybrid modulation of pulse frequency modulation and the phase shift is proposed in this article. The proposed hybrid modulated multioutput converter is derived from the integration of a three-phase LLC resonant converter and the full-bridge converter. With the hybrid modulation, the multioutput is controlled independently free from cross-regulation and isolated from each other. With the three-phase interleaving operation, the resonant currents can be reduced, and thus, the efficiency will be improved. Furthermore, the output current ripple of the main output voltage is reduced; as a consequence, the lifetime of the output filter capacitor is extended, and the reliability is reinforced. What is more, the number of the power switches is reduced, and the zero-voltage switching of the power switches can be achieved within the entire load range by the proposed integrated topology. All the abovementioned features of the proposed converter will lead to a compact, efficient, and cost-effective design. Finally, a 1.4-kW triple-output laboratory prototype is built and tested to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed converter. |
7,795 | Please write an abstract with title: Active Visuo-Haptic Object Shape Completion, and key words: Shape, Robots, Uncertainty, Image reconstruction, Surface reconstruction, Point cloud compression, Grasping. Abstract: Recent advancements in object shape completion have enabled impressive object reconstructions using only visual input. However, due to self-occlusion, the reconstructions have high uncertainty in the occluded object parts, which negatively impacts the performance of downstream robotic tasks such as grasping. In this letter, we propose an active visuo-haptic shape completion method called Act-VH that actively computes where to touch the objects based on the reconstruction uncertainty. Act-VH reconstructs objects from point clouds and calculates the reconstruction uncertainty using IGR, a recent state-of-the-art implicit surface deep neural network. We experimentally evaluate the reconstruction accuracy of Act-VH against five baselines in simulation and in the real world. We also propose a new simulation environment for this purpose. The results show that Act-VH outperforms all baselines and that an uncertainty-driven haptic exploration policy leads to higher reconstruction accuracy than a random policy and a policy driven by Gaussian Process Implicit Surfaces. As a final experiment, we evaluate Act-VH and the best reconstruction baseline on grasping 10 novel objects. The results show that Act-VH reaches a significantly higher grasp success rate than the baseline on all objects. Together, this letter opens up the door for using active visuo-haptic shape completion in more complex cluttered scenes. |
7,796 | Please write an abstract with title: Visual Attention Analysis Of Pathologists Examining Whole Slide Images Of Prostate Cancer, and key words: Heating systems, Deep learning, Visualization, Image segmentation, Annotations, Navigation, Predictive models. Abstract: We study the attention of pathologists as they examine whole-slide images (WSIs) of prostate cancer tissue using a digital microscope. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to report in detail how pathologists navigate WSIs of prostate cancer as they accumulate information for their diagnoses. We collected slide navigation data (i.e., viewport location, magnification level, and time) from 13 pathologists in 2 groups (5 genitourinary (GU) specialists and 8 general pathologists) and generated visual attention heatmaps and scanpaths. Each pathologist examined five WSIs from the TCGA PRAD dataset, which were selected by a GU pathology specialist. We examined and analyzed the distributions of visual attention for each group of pathologists after each WSI was examined. To quantify the relationship between a pathologist’s attention and evidence for cancer in the WSI, we obtained tumor annotations from a genitourinary specialist. We used these annotations to compute the overlap between the distribution of visual attention and annotated tumor region to identify strong correlations. Motivated by this analysis, we trained a deep learning model to predict visual attention on unseen WSIs. We find that the attention heatmaps predicted by our model correlate quite well with the ground truth attention heatmap and tumor annotations on a test set of 17 WSIs by using various spatial and temporal evaluation metrics. |
7,797 | Please write an abstract with title: An uncertain information fusion method for fault diagnosis of complex system, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Uncertainty, Bayesian methods, Artificial intelligence, Technology management, Safety, Noise reduction, Testing, Helium, Monitoring. Abstract: Fault diagnosis is becoming extremely important for safety and high reliability of complex systems. But the fault diagnosis for complex system is the decision with uncertainty under small sample. The characteristics of complex system fault diagnosis require utilizing all kinds of information adequately. BN provides a flexible means of representing and reasoning with probabilistic information. Uncertainty and dependences are easily incorporated in the analysis. In the article, the application of Bayesian networks (BN) for monitoring and diagnosis of complex system is described. Furthermore, we propose leaky noisy-OR model to reduce the data requirements in BN inference. The advantages of BN model for complex system fault diagnosis are demonstrated through example. |
7,798 | Please write an abstract with title: Zoning Effect on the Capacity and Placement Planning for Battery Exchange Stations in Battery Consolidation Systems, and key words: Batteries, Vehicles, Optimization, Linear programming, Nickel, Capacity planning, Computer science. Abstract: The concept of the battery exchange station (BES) as a part of the battery consolidation system (BCS) has certain criteria which makes it a significant player of better adaptation plan of electric vehicles (EVs) in the grid toward the smart grid (SG). In this paper, we focus on finding an efficient joint capacity and placement planning of BESs among candidate zones and exchange decisions of EV drivers at a BCS (CPPED) with the aim of minimizing the implementation cost of BESs placement, the distance traveled by EVs to exchange their batteries, and the waiting time of EVs at the BESs subject to the limitation on the number of BESs in the system. The formulated multi-objective optimization problem is non-convex with a combination of binary and continues variables which introduces a disjoint feasible solution set. To have a polynomial time complexity solution, we employ abstract Lagrangian duality and maximization-minimization methods to handle the binary variables. Our proposed method reaches to a robust solution of joint CPPED problem. Through simulation results, we investigate the effect of the number of zones and number of BESs on the performance of the proposed method for addressing the CPPED problem. Our numerical results show that increasing the number of zones and maximum number of BESs have significant effects on optimizing the CPPED problem, however after some certain points, their effects are less significant. |
7,799 | Please write an abstract with title: Effects of dummy patterns and substrate on spiral inductors for sub-micron RF ICs, and key words: Spirals, Inductors, Radio frequency, CMOS technology, Silicon, Q factor, Eddy currents, CMOS process, Conductivity, Inductance. Abstract: In today's sub-micron CMOS technologies, dummy patterns are necessary to obtain the desired metal density for uniform etching. This paper shows the effect of the dummy patterns on the quality factor of the inductor. The effects of the polysilicon ground shield and p-doped substrate on inductor performance have also been investigated. As the distance of between dummy and inductor is increased, the quality factor is less influenced by eddy current loss due to dummy. And we can achieve Q=13 @ 3GHz and L=6.05 nH using patterned ground shield using slotted polysilicon layers in a commercial standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. |
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