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7,800 | Please write an abstract with title: Interpretable Convolutional Neural Networks for Subject-Independent Motor Imagery Classification, and key words: Heating systems, Deep learning, Training data, Surfaces, Brain modeling, Electroencephalography, Brain-computer interfaces. Abstract: Deep learning frameworks have become increasingly popular in brain-computer interface (BCI) study thanks to their outstanding performance. However, in terms of the classification model alone, they are treated as black boxes as they do not provide any information on what led them to reach a particular decision. In other words, we cannot convince whether the neuro-physiological factor or simply noise is the factor of high performance. Because of this disadvantage, it is difficult to ensure adequate reliability compared to their high performance. In this study, we propose an explainable deep learning model aimed at classifying EEG signal which is obtained from the motor-imagery (MI) task. Layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) was adopted on the model to interpret the reason that the model derived certain classification output. We visualized the heatmap which indicates the output of the LRP in the form of topography to certify neuro-physiological factors. Furthermore, we classified EEG in the subject-independent manner to learn robust and generalized EEG features by avoiding subject dependency. The methodology also provides the advantage of avoiding the expense of building training data for each subject. With our proposed model, we obtained generalized heatmap patterns for all subjects. As a result, we can conclude that our proposed model provides neuro-physiologically reliable interpretation. |
7,801 | Please write an abstract with title: Feasibility of Large-Scale Vulnerability Notifications after GDPR, and key words: Electronic mail, Servers, Security, Privacy, Regulation, Postal services, Optimized production technology. Abstract: In this paper, we consider the problem of effective notifications of domain abuse or vulnerabilities to the domain owners, administrators, or webmasters. We have developed a scanner to test whether selected email aliases specified in RFC 2142 are correctly configured and whether notifications can be successfully delivered. We also test the reachability of email addresses collected from the DNS Start of Authority (SOA) records. Based on a measurement campaign of a large number of domains compared to the previous studies (4,602,907 domains), we show that domains are more reachable through SOA contacts. We find that the country-code TLD names are more reachable compared to the new gTLD names. We have also observed that the most used generic email alias is abuse (67.95%). Using regression analysis, we show the relationship between the reachability of email addresses and the fact that names are hosted on large shared platforms or have a significant value. Our results confirm that direct notification channels are currently not scalable, so we propose a scheme that preserves user privacy in compliance with GDPR and supports large-scale vulnerability notifications. |
7,802 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of ASO Algorithm in Parameter Identification of Photovoltaic Cells, and key words: Atomic measurements, Photovoltaic systems, Parameter estimation, Photovoltaic cells, Sociology, Search problems, Reliability. Abstract: In order to establish an accurate photovoltaic cell model, it is necessary to enhance the precise and credible able of the parameter identification of the PV cell model. Aiming at the defects of traditional iterative method and gradient method, such as large amount of calculation and difficult initial value selection, this paper advance a parameter identification measure based on atomic search algorithm. The experiment results indicate that the ASO algorithm has higher accuracy and faster convergence speed, and has even better result in parameter identification of PV cell model. |
7,803 | Please write an abstract with title: Orbital Angular Momentum-dependent Phase Detection using Single-pixel Dual-comb Spectroscopy towards Versatile Manipulation of Optical Vortex Light-wave, and key words: Spectroscopy, Optical vortices, Laser feedback, Lasers and electrooptics, Orbits, Feedback control, Space division multiplexing. Abstract: Single-pixel dual-comb spectroscopy is applied to demonstrate detection of phase spectra that depend on the OAM modes of optical vortices. The OAM-dependent phase monitoring method has a great potential as a versatile light-wave manipulation technique. |
7,804 | Please write an abstract with title: MOS Characteristics of synthesized HfAlON-HfO/sub 2/ stack using AlN-HfO/sub 2/, and key words: Hafnium oxide, Rapid thermal annealing, Thermal stability, Leakage current, Crystallization, Grain boundaries, Degradation, Dielectric substrates, Silicon, MOCVD. Abstract: We demonstrate a top-surface aluminized and nitrided HfO/sub 2/ gate dielectric using a synthesis of ultrathin aluminum nitride (AlN) and HfO/sub 2/. The reaction of AlN with HfO/sub 2/ through a subsequent high-temperature annealing incorporates Al and N into an HfO/sub 2/ layer, which results in a synthesis of HfAlON near the top surface of HfO/sub 2/, forming an HfAlON-HfO/sub 2/ stack structure. This approach suppresses interfacial layer growth and improves thermal stability of the dielectric, resulting in significant improvement in leakage current. It also shows no adverse effects caused by N and Al incorporation at the bottom interface. |
7,805 | Please write an abstract with title: Stability definitions for 2-player conflict models with uncertain preferences, and key words: Stability, Game theory, Humans, Delta modulation, Mathematics, Mathematical model, Uncertainty, History, Modems, Nash equilibrium. Abstract: Four types of solution concepts for modeling human behavior under conflict are defined to accommodate uncertainty in preferences. For a given decision-maker participating in a conflict the preference structure includes components to handle strict preference of one state over another, equal preference between states, and uncertainty or unknown preference when comparing two states or scenarios. Four distinct ways to incorporate uncertain preference information into the four types of solution concepts are considered and the "sustainable development game" is used to illustrate how the new solution concepts can be applied in practice and strategic insights that can be garnered. |
7,806 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Receding Horizon Control for Multi-agent Systems with Conflicting Siganl Temporal Logic Tasks, and key words: Task analysis, Robustness, Optimization, Safety, Semantics, Multi-agent systems, Collision avoidance. Abstract: In this paper, a multi-agent cooperative control problem with conflicting temporal logic tasks is studied. Each agent is assigned a temporal logic task which contains a motion task and safety requirements. We consider the cases where the satisfaction of both the motion task and safety requirements may be conflicting due to the limited velocity, so that such a task can not be fulfilled. In order to solve this problem, we give priority to the the safety requirements and the degree of satisfaction of the motion task is slacked. This work proposes a two-stage distributed receding horizon optimization strategy consisting of offline stage and online stage where signal temporal logic (STL) is utilized to formally describe the temporal logic tasks and the receding horizon optimization framework is adopted for cooperative collision avoidance tasks. At offline stage, according to the motion task, a reference robustness evolution curve is presented for each agent by the robust semantics of STL formulas. At online stage, based on the short-term goal region determined by the reference robustness evolution curve, together with the known obstacles' information and agents' real-time information, constraints of both the motion task and safety requirements are constructed in the receding horizon optimization problem for each agent. When conflicting situations happen, the constraint of the motion task is relaxed by a robustness slackness to find a least violating solution. In the proposed framework, the offline stage and the online stage are combined to satisfy the motion task as much as possible and to guarantee the safety requirements. The effectiveness of the framework is verified by simulation results. |
7,807 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved Pilot-Symbol-Aided Phase Estimation Algorithm in Homodyne Coherent Scheme, and key words: Phase noise, Integrated optics, Maximum likelihood estimation, Optical polarization, System performance, Laser noise, Simulation. Abstract: This paper studies the carrier phase recovery based on pilot symbols in a single carrier system. The system model considered in the paper includes channel additive white noise, phase noise, and device bandwidth limitations. In optical transmission systems based on high-order modulation, the effect of phase noise that affects the phase of the received carrier on system performance may be relevant. We propose an improved pilot symbol aided optical carrier phase recovery (CPR) method, which uses a fixed symbol set for noise suppression in M-QAM. Through the simulation of the 64-QAM system, the performance of this method is studied and compared with the CPR method without a fixed symbol set. The results show that CPR with a fixed symbol set is much better than CPR without a fixed symbol set. In addition, the use of maximum likelihood (ML) phase estimation after pilot symbol assisted CPR can be used to further improve the laser phase noise tolerance. For a dual-polarization system, by inserting pilot symbols in different time slots with different polarization states, the system performance can be further improved. |
7,808 | Please write an abstract with title: CoMine: efficient mining of correlated patterns, and key words: Data mining. Abstract: Association rule mining often generates a huge number of rules, but a majority of them either are redundant or do not reflect the true correlation relationship among data objects. We re-examine this problem and show that two interesting measures, all-confidence (denoted as /spl alpha/) and coherence (denoted as /spl gamma/), both disclose genuine correlation relationships and can be computed efficiently. Moreover, we propose two interesting algorithms, CoMine(/spl alpha/) and CoMine(/spl gamma/), based on extensions of a pattern-growth methodology. Our performance study shows that the CoMine algorithms have high performance in comparison with their Apriori-based counterpart algorithms. |
7,809 | Please write an abstract with title: Four Electrode Bioimpedance Sensor System on CMOS Chip, and key words: Electrodes, Scanning electron microscopy, Semiconductor device measurement, Gold, Aluminum, Probes, Testing. Abstract: In this work, we explore the implementation of an integrated complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) multi-electrode array (MEA) dedicated to 4-electrode bio-impedance measurements. The sensor consists of an 8 x 8 pixel array, where each pixel contains an inner circular current carrying (CC) electrode and an outer voltage pick up (PU) ring electrode. The CC electrode has a diameter of 10 µm, and the PU electrode has an inner and outer diameter of 20.9 µm and 29.3 µm respectively. The pixels were defined by openings in the passivation layer exposing the aluminum top metal layer, which will be electroplated with gold in later work. The integrity of the pixel metal stack was confirmed by focused ion beam (FIB) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and initial bench top testing with electrical probes was performed to validate the functionality of the on chip amplifiers and pixel addressing. |
7,810 | Please write an abstract with title: An Intuitive and Accurate EMI Model for a Modular Multilevel Converter, and key words: Electromagnetic interference, Integrated circuit modeling, Equivalent circuits, Capacitance, Capacitors, Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Heat sinks. Abstract: Modular multilevel converter (MMC) has numerous sub-modules (SMs) that are complex electromagnetic interference (EMI) sources. It poses a challenge on the EMI analysis of MMC. Motivated by the challenge, this article presents an intuitive and accurate EMI model of MMC based on the superposition theorem. The stray parameters of MMC system are extracted to characterize the high-frequency characteristics of the circuit. By modeling the SMs as individual EMI sources, an EMI equivalent circuit is derived which can intuitively tell the conducted EMI principles of MMC. The EMI model based on the EMI equivalent circuit can accurately predict the EMI results of MMC without a great deal of calculation. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and validity of the proposed EMI model. |
7,811 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient and Fast Softmax Hardware Architecture (EFSHA) for Deep Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Computer vision, Circuits and systems, Conferences, Neural networks, Computer architecture, Hardware. Abstract: Deep neural networks are widely used in computer vision applications due to their high performance. However, DNNs involve a large number of computations in the training and inference phase. Among the different layers of a DNN, the softmax layer has one of the most complex computations as it involves exponent and division operations. So, a hardware-efficient implementation is required to reduce the on-chip resources. In this paper, we propose a new hardware-efficient and fast implementation of the softmax activation function. The proposed hardware implementation consumes fewer hardware resources and works at high speed as compared to the state-of-the-art techniques. |
7,812 | Please write an abstract with title: Senior Executive Incentives and Corporate EVA Based Performance—A Study Based on OLS Model, and key words: Companies, Robustness, Remuneration, Stock markets. Abstract: Corporate performance reflects the operating results, which is closely concerned by the corporate management, owners and creditors, so how to improve the corporate performance is very important. As a major means of corporate governance, incentive system has become the focus of research on whether it can play a positive role in improving performance. This paper examines the impact of salary incentive and equity incentive on corporate performance. Based on the empirical analysis of the data of China's A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2010 to 2017, the following conclusions are drawn: The two incentive modes are significantly positively correlated with corporate performance respectively, and the relevant conclusions have also passed the robustness test. At the end of the paper, some targeted suggestions are also given. |
7,813 | Please write an abstract with title: Introduction, and key words: Law, Computer crime, Law enforcement, Companies, Task analysis, Security, Medical services. Abstract: This introduction presents an overview of key concepts covered in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book is intended for the person assigned the task of investigating the cyber event with a view to gaining a full understanding of the event and where possible recovering the intellectual property/personally identifying information before it is exploited. They may also be tasked with finding evidence to support an action in a tribunal (e.g., employment court) or a potential prosecution in a civil or criminal court should the attacker be identified. It will also be of benefit to the manager/executive/lawyer who is tasked to review an investigation to understand the actions of the investigation team and why certain decisions were made and to gain an understanding of the evidence available from a cybercrime scene and the follow‐up investigation. |
7,814 | Please write an abstract with title: ‘Learning Outcomes Depreciation’ to Solve Knowledge Timeliness in Lifelong Education, and key words: Standards, Certification, Qualifications, Information management, Planning, Aging. Abstract: In the learning outcomes accumulation and exchange system, learners can get academic certificates or professional qualification certificates, by exchanging learning outcomes they hold. At present, the learning outcomes is lifetime effective in the credit bank. It causes a contradiction between renewal and lifetime effective of knowledge and skills. If learners apply an academic certificate by using the learning outcomes obtained a long time ago, the knowledge and skills mastered by the learners maybe do not match the current discipline development and vocational skills requirements. In view of the above contradiction, `learning outcomes depreciation' and its application is proposed. The specific method is adding a `learning outcomes depreciation coefficient digit' on the learning outcomes ID in the credit bank system. When exchange outcomes to certificates, judge whether the outcomes are effective by the `learning outcomes depreciation coefficient digit', and expired outcomes cannot be exchanged. The depreciation mentioned above can avoid outdated knowledge and skills of learners who getting certificates, and promote fair educational results. |
7,815 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Development of E-Vehicle with Phone Control, and key words: Lead acid batteries, Vibrations, Pollution, Service robots, Surface contamination, Surface charging, Automobiles. Abstract: A vehicle is commonly described as any mobile equipment that is controlled by a method that does not restrict its movement. This is also known as a radio control device or an IR controller because there is a cable between the controller and the car. A remote control vehicle that, unlike a robot, is always commanded by a person and does not take positive action on its own. Remote vehicle control is one of the most essential technologies in this industry. This paper focuses a e-vehicle capable to drive accurately at a destination location, navigating within that target region and return back to base station accurately and safely. Also, this paper proposes a e-vehicle is designed and its control can be carried out by Arduino via a cell phone. |
7,816 | Please write an abstract with title: Fusion of Multi-Modal Underwater Ship Inspection Data with Knowledge Graphs, and key words: Computer vision, Soft sensors, Roads, Taxonomy, Inspection, Telemetry, Marine vehicles. Abstract: With recent advances in underwater inspections of ships with remote sensing technologies the need for automated data annotations and analysis becomes apparent. During underwater ship inspections, various data such as video, positioning information, and other telemetry data are collected and combined with the results of computer vision models. The variability in the modalities of data makes the automatic analysis across multiple data sources challenging. We propose the use of a Knowledge Graph in combination with industry standards in the ship inspection domain for the taxonomy. This enables automated data analysis for underwater ship inspection videos which is the requirement for different downstream use cases. In this work, we demonstrate the applicability of our approach on 12 ship inspections in two downstream tasks. First, we aim at supporting a detailed ship status report generation, and second, we demonstrate big data analytics for several inspections. We use the fused data to compare different ships by identifying patterns in the findings aided by computer vision algorithms. |
7,817 | Please write an abstract with title: Derek A. Paley [People in Control], and key words: Interviews. Abstract: Presents an interview conducted with Derek A. Paley. |
7,818 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Scheduling Decision System of Coal Mine Roadway Repair Machine Based on Optimized Particle Swarm Optimization, and key words: Maintenance engineering, Optimization, Machinery, Linear programming, Particle swarm optimization, Coal mining, Automobiles. Abstract: Due to the optimized configuration, dynamic scheduling and management level of the machine group in the construction process of the coal mine roadway repair machine, the construction progress, engineering quality and economic benefits of the whole project were directly determined. In order to meet the needs of safe and efficient repair and treatment of the coal mine roadway floor heave, this paper put forward the optimization configuration principle of the roadway repair machine group construction, and a multi-objective optimal allocation model was established with the construction cost and the comprehensive utilization rate of the unit shift cost as the objective function. The optimal scheduling decision scheme was obtained by solving the configuration model with particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, two examples were given to verify the practicability of the model and the feasibility of the algorithm to solve the problem. The research results provided a theoretical basis for the scheduling decision-making of the roadway repair machine construction, at the same time, it provided the basis and method for improving the mechanized construction level of the machine group. |
7,819 | Please write an abstract with title: Technology laboratory automation: Labs go auto, and key words: Robots, Nose, Automation, Standards, Software, Hospitals, Testing. Abstract: THE COVID-19 CRISIS has taxed biomedical laboratories to their utmost, under the urgent imperatives of rapid diagnostic testing and drug discovery. On top of workflow pressures, facilities had to cope with the added stresses of workplace distancing and staff sickness. For many, the pandemic has highlighted a need to automate many standard laboratory procedures sooner rather than later. |
7,820 | Please write an abstract with title: Uncovering Active Structural Subspaces Associated with Changes in Indicators for Alzheimer’s Disease, and key words: Neuroimaging, Magnetic resonance imaging, Semisupervised learning, Thalamus, Feature extraction, Biology, Alzheimer's disease. Abstract: We present a framework for identifying subspaces in the brain that are associated with changes in biological and cognitive indicators for a given disorder. By employing a method called active subspace learning (ASL) on structural MRI features from an Alzheimer’s disease dataset, we identify subsets of regions that form co-varying subspaces in association with biological age and mini-mental state exam (MMSE) scores. Features generated by projecting structural MRI components onto these subspaces performed equally well on regression tasks when compared to non-transformed features as well as PCA-based transformations. Thus, without compromising on predictive performance, we present a way to extract sparse subspaces in the brain which are associated with a particular disorder but inferred only from the neuroimaging data along with relevant biological and cognitive test measures.Clinical relevance—This work provides a way to identify active structural subspaces in the brain, i.e. subsets of brain regions which collectively change the most, in association with changes in the indicators of a given disorder. |
7,821 | Please write an abstract with title: The Comparison of Two SVPWM Methods for Low-Speed Control of PMSM in Servo System, and key words: Space vector pulse width modulation, Simulation, Digital signal processors, Modulation, Aerospace electronics, Permanent magnet motors, Synchronous motors. Abstract: Two space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) methods for low-speed control of PMSM are described in this paper. One is the traditional modulation method using 180-degree space vectors. Another is a novel hybrid modulation method using 120-degree space vectors and 180-degree space vectors, which has no need to set up the dead time and can avoid the effects as well. When the PMSM runs at ultra-low speed condition, the dead time effects in traditional six-sector modulation method is significant and the speed stability is poor. To avoid the distortion of motor current caused by dead time effects and improve the low-speed control performance of PMSM in servo system, the twelve-sector modulation method using hybrid vectors is proposed. From the analysis of principles to the derivation of formulas, from the construction of SIMULINK models to the analysis of simulation results, the similarities and differences between the two kinds of modulation methods are compared in detail. The simulation results of the two methods are supported by experimentation. The experimental system is consisted of a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a PWM inverter and a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). |
7,822 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of Communication Delay Based Attack Against the Smart Grid, and key words: Delays, Voltage measurement, Generators, Power system stability, Smart grids, Automatic generation control, Transmission line measurements. Abstract: The smart grid is becoming increasingly reliant on communications systems for measurement and control data. A simple cyber-physical attack on the power grid is to introduce delays in the delivery of these measurement and control messages to the control centers of the grid. This paper investigates the consequences of delay using the IEEE 30 bus standard benchmark. The Power System Simulation software PSCAD is used to model the power system. A case study to introduce delays and line cuts and measure the line voltage is presented. The case study is designed to pinpoint the amount of delay that can be tolerated before the system becomes unstable. |
7,823 | Please write an abstract with title: CPR - curved planar reformation, and key words: Biomedical imaging, Computed tomography, Data visualization, Magnetic resonance imaging, Blood vessels, Image generation, Computer graphics, Radiology, Computer displays, Chromium. Abstract: Visualization of tubular structures such as blood vessels is an important topic in medical imaging. One way to display tubular structures for diagnostic purposes is to generate longitudinal cross-sections in order to show their lumen, wall, and surrounding tissue in a curved plane. This process is called curved planar reformation (CPR). We present three different methods to generate CPR images. A tube-phantom was scanned with computed tomography (CT) to illustrate the properties of the different CPR methods. Furthermore we introduce enhancements to these methods: thick-CPR, rotating-CPR and multi-path-CPR. |
7,824 | Please write an abstract with title: Negative capacitance bus terminator for improving the switching speed of a microcomputer databus, and key words: Capacitance, Microcomputers, Automatic testing, Driver circuits, Active circuits, Voltage, Propagation delay, Operational amplifiers, Magnetic heads, Microprocessors. Abstract: The data transfer speed of a microcomputer bus can be improved by adding an active circuit to the bus. This active circuit amplifies the bus voltage and feeds back to the bus a current which is proportional to the time rate of change of the bus voltage. This circuit effectively adds a negative capacitance to the bus. The practical capacitance canceling capability is limited by the propagation delay time of the operational amplifier in the active circuit. The theory of microcomputer bus structures with negative capacitance including effects of amplifier delay is presented. Typically, an operational amplifier with propagation delay less than one tenth of the bus time constant is required to achieve significant (factor of 2) bus speed improvement. High performance operational amplifiers were used to construct a working model of the negative capacitance bus terminator. The experimental results agree well with the theory. |
7,825 | Please write an abstract with title: Biofuels Policy and Future in Jordan, and key words: Economic indicators, Oils, Sociology, Production, Wind power generation, Biomass, Biofuels. Abstract: Jordan is one of the few countries in the Middle East that has very limited resources of fossil fuel such as natural gas and crude oil. The country is fast growing with a population growth rate of 1.8%. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Jordan reached USD 40.4 billion in 2015 with a population exceeding 9.96 million. Food and energy demands are increasing every year. Energy security and maintaining energy flow to meet the yearly demands are the biggest economic challenges facing Jordan. Renewable energies are the most vital solutions that provide energy security and accelerate economic growth. There are numerous studies and projects that focused on solar and wind power systems as an energy mix strategy. However, biomass to energy is not deeply explored in Jordan. Biofuel production from renewable biomass has a big potential for biogas and bioethanol production. The biofuels in Jordan can play significant roles in reducing dependency on imported oil and gas, and significantly reduce Jordan’s energy bill. The bioethanol utilization as a source of fuel can reduce the oil import bill by mixing it with classical gasoline. From a mechanical point of view, a normal car engine can handle up to 10% bioethanol blend without engine modifications. The bioethanol blend can save up to 200 kt of imported oil which will have a direct impact on the Jordanian economy. Jordan has a big biogas production potential despite the very humble projects for biogas production from renewable resources. The available resources for direct biogas production can replace about 5% of the total gas consumption for power generation. In this paper, we will discuss the right policy and mechanism to implement biofuel mix and blend which aims at reducing the energy bill. |
7,826 | Please write an abstract with title: An Overview on Handling Anti Forensic Issues in Android Devices Using Forensic Automator Tool, and key words: Support vector machines, Operating systems, Digital forensics, Signal processing algorithms, Manuals, Signal processing, Emergency services. Abstract: The digital forensic methods and tools have become a very important part for the investigators. During the investigation on Cyber-crimes, collection of the digital evidences during the case is the vital part. Mobile forensics being an important domain in digital forensics which includes acquisition of the data and analysing it to recover the digital evidences in a forensic manner. But there are some of the anti-forensic issues faced during the investigation. The Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) investigates an incident for creation of a detailed description on how the crime was executed and makes a report on the incident. This paper focuses on how the antiforensic issues can be handled in android mobiles and how the improvements took place in the field of mobile forensics and data acquisition. This paper also aims to introduce how the files are acquired during the investigation, what are the techniques and tools that were used to tamper with the evidence found and how the forensic investigators can identify the data tampered. The solution is proposed for one of the Forensic issue of files that are in encoded format where the encoding of the file is not known, using the SVM Machine Learning technique how it can be achieved. |
7,827 | Please write an abstract with title: Gated Decap: gate leakage control of on-chip decoupling capacitors in scaled technologies, and key words: Gate leakage, Capacitors, Power supplies, Clocks, Leakage current, Power dissipation, Logic, Pipelines, Very large scale integration, Threshold voltage. Abstract: A novel on-chip Decoupling Capacitor (Decap) design - Gated Decoupling Capacitor (GDecap) - is proposed to minimize the leakage power dissipation associated with present-day on-chip decoupling capacitors. Experiments on the application of GDecap in an 8-way clock-gated cluster pipeline show that on average, 41.7% Decap leakage power is improved, with only 0.037% worst-case performance degradation, at 70nm technology node. Around 5.36% area overhead in Decap area is incurred, compared to the conventional Decap deployment. |
7,828 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of sensitivity functions for ideal probe and ring-type heads, and key words: Probes, Magnetic heads, Soft magnetic materials, Magnetostriction, Perpendicular magnetic recording, Saturation magnetization, Permeability, Laboratories, Testing, Transistors. Abstract: Analytical models of ideal infinitesimally thin probe-type heads have been presented and compared with a model of an ideal ring-type head. It is shown that with respect to readback resolution the characteristics of probe models are inferior to those of the ring model. It is also shown that resolution of the probe model is reduced further if media with a soft magnetic underlayer is used. |
7,829 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic queue length thresholds for multiple loss priorities, and key words: Switches, Packet switching, Traffic control, Memory management, Bandwidth, Analytical models, Resource management, Thumb, Throughput, Asynchronous transfer mode. Abstract: Buffer management schemes are needed in shared-memory packet switches to regulate the sharing of memory among different output port queues and among traffic classes with different loss priorities. Earlier, we proposed a single-priority scheme called dynamic threshold (DT), in which the maximum permissible queue length is proportional to the unused buffering in the switch. A queue whose length equals or exceeds the current threshold value may accept no new arrivals. We propose, analyze and simulate several ways of incorporating loss priorities into the DT scheme. The analysis models sources as deterministic fluids. We determine how each scheme allocates buffers among the competing ports and loss priority classes under overload conditions. We also note how this buffer allocation induces an allocation of bandwidth among the loss priority classes at each port. We find that minor variations in the DT control law can produce dramatically different resource allocations. Based on this study, we recommend the scheme we call OWA, which gives some buffers and bandwidth to every priority class at every port. Scheme OWA has tunable parameters, which we give rules of thumb for setting. Another scheme, called AWA, is also a good choice. It has an allocation philosophy more akin to strict priority and hence is not tunable. |
7,830 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on precision picking technology of Aircraft Assembly Standard Parts, and key words: Technical requirements, Manufacturing industries, Manuals, Manufacturing, Safety, Aircraft manufacture, Aircraft. Abstract: In the aviation manufacturing industry, the single aircraft assembly process needs thousands of standard parts, more than one hundred thousand, and tens of thousands of assembly processes, the product assembly process used in the standard parts specifications, the number of traceability has strict requirements. However, the current method of manual selection is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of specifications and quantities in the process of standard parts selection. Once the specifications and quantities of standard parts used are wrong, it is easy to cause changes in the load-carrying capacity of the whole machine or to produce redundant materials, finally, the safety, fatigue life and stability of the aircraft are affected. Aiming at the above-mentioned outstanding problems, in the process of automatic selection of standard parts, the precise selection of specification and quantity of standard parts is realized in the process of automatic selection of standard parts for aircraft assembly, ensure the quality of product assembly. |
7,831 | Please write an abstract with title: A New 90° Constant Phase Shifter for the VHF Band, and key words: Phase shifters, Frequency, Transmission line theory, Inductors, Circuits, Voltage, Transmission lines, Equations, Amplitude modulation, Phase modulation. Abstract: This concise paper presents the realization of a 90°constant phase shifter in the VHF band, which is entirely different from the conventional method for the realization of constant phase shifters in the audio frequency range. The construction of the 90° constant phase shifter is simple and can be easily realized by using a transmission line, and the lumped constant elements, R, L, C. Experimental verification is included. |
7,832 | Please write an abstract with title: Material properties of sheep trabecular bone determined by nanomechanical testing, and key words: Material properties, Cancellous bone, Materials testing, High-resolution imaging, Mechanical factors, In vivo, Irrigation, Protocols, Ethanol, Plastics. Abstract: How the material properties of trabecular bone relate to its bulk mechanical behavior is not well understood. Multiple trabeculae in four cubic samples harvested from the distal femora of sheep were evaluated using a nanoindentation testing device. The average modulus and hardness was 20.2/spl plusmn/4.0 GPa and 1.1/spl plusmn/0.4 GPa, respectively. These values were consistent across surface region, specimen, and feature, thereby exhibiting a very homogenous quality at this level. The source of the highly anisotropic trabecular continuum, therefore, does not directly derive from its material properties. |
7,833 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimating the Potential Accuracy of Magnetic Navigation Based on Magnetic Survey Data, and key words: Earth, Measurement errors, Geomagnetism, Cramer-Rao bounds, Navigation, Estimation, Stochastic processes. Abstract: The paper discusses estimation of the potential accuracy of navigation systems using various parameters of the Earth's magnetic field with the help of the Cramer-Rao bound. For a simple measurement error model, a formula that relates the navigation accuracy and the spatial derivatives of the magnetic field is derived. A spectral method for the continuation of the magnetic field to a higher altitude is described. Using the data of geophysical surveys, the potential accuracy of navigation is estimated at various altitudes and for both field-based and gradient-based navigation systems. |
7,834 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated testing of protective relays using advanced visual test software, and key words: Automatic testing, Software testing, Protection, Protective relaying, Manufacturing, Power industry, Relays, Microprocessors, System testing, Impedance. Abstract: The article describes the concept of automatic testing of protective relays in power industry. First, the increased need for automatic test modules is explained. Next, a detailed example is provided using the "load encroachment characteristic". Relay settings and testing approach are explained step by step. Finally, the capability of the software is emphasized and conclusions are drawn. |
7,835 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Measurement Method for the Object Size and Shape Based on Image Recognition, and key words: Image recognition, Shape, Smart cities, Shape measurement, Roads, Measurement by laser beam, Laser feedback. Abstract: In order to overcome the problem of non-contact, convenient and rapid measurement of the shape, size and distance of targets in the process of vehicle automatic driving, this paper proposes a non-contact measurement method based on image recognition and laser ranging. In this method, the shape and size of the object can be recognized after image segmentation, and the actual size of the object can be calculated by combining the distance data of laser feedback. The experimental tests show that the system has small object recognition and measurement errors, and can better determine obstacles on the road in the field of automatic driving. |
7,836 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Experiment of Control Architecture and Adaptive Dual-Loop Controller for Brake-by-Wire System With an Electric Booster, and key words: Brakes, Boosting, Force, Hydraulic systems, Mathematical model, Wheels. Abstract: Brake-by-wire (BBW) is a critical technology in modern automotive and lays a solid foundation for intelligent vehicles. A control strategy to take full advantage of this system both in the active brake and the conventional boosting brake is essential for the BBW system, which is a challenging issue because of its complex structure and high requirement for rapid dynamic response and control accuracy. To get satisfying performance and control effect, this article designs a new type of electric booster installing on the electrohydraulic brake (EHB) system that can realize active brake control and brake boosting simultaneously, and then, a synthetic control architecture special for this system is put forward. First, the system principle and detailed modeling are given. Then, an adaptive dual-loop brake pressure control approach is proposed where a modified PID controller is used as the outer control loop to track the desired pressure and an inner loop named adaptive current control is employed to guarantee the brushless direct electric motor (BLDC) performance of tracking current considering the parametric variation and system uncertainties. Besides, the stability of the inner loop control is proven. Meanwhile, a user-defined brake-boosting framework is designed to realize the electric boosting brake. Simulation and experimental validation are implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of the system and the effectiveness of the control strategy design eventually, manifesting that the proposed BBW system and its control strategy can obtain satisfying performance. |
7,837 | Please write an abstract with title: Platoon as a Mobile Vehicular Cloud, and key words: Cloud computing, Registers, Protocols, Delays, Servers, Urban areas. Abstract: A Vehicular Cloud (VC) is a group of connected vehicles in which vehicles offer their computational, data storage, sensor and communication resources as services to others. One key functionality of VCs is so called cloud directory, where vehicles in and around VCs can register their own services as well as looking up the services offered by other vehicles. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using vehicle platoons as mobile vehicular clouds where platoons act as cloud directories that bridge service providers and service users. Extensive simulations in different vehicle densities and mobilities indicate that cluster-based mobile vehicular clouds may suffer from low service discovery rate and high delay due to the dynamicity of vehicles. Platoon-based mobile vehicular clouds, on the other hand, can improve the efficiency in terms of service discovery and selection of the most suitable cloud directory. This is because platoon maneuvers are managed by a protocol which makes the platoon movements stable and predictable. We show that service discovery rate and delay can be improved significantly by using platoons. |
7,838 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Analysis of Different Controllers for Enhancing the LVRT of DFIG system, and key words: Reactive power, Torque, PI control, Doubly fed induction generators, Rotors, Power system stability, Stability analysis. Abstract: Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) characteristics are critical for grid integration of Wind Turbine (WT) generators under fault conditions. Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs), which are prone to faults, need LVRT for continuous grid feeding operation. This article proposes the PR and PID controllers for the DFIG sytem. These controllers replace the PI controller in real and reactive power control. The improved dynamic behaviour and reduced parameters overshoot are advantages of the proposed controllers. The performance of the PI, PID and PR controllers are compared. The stability studies prove the effectiveness of the proposed controllers during a 3-phase fault. An attempt has made to improve the LVRT of the DFIG system during the three-phase fault. |
7,839 | Please write an abstract with title: A rehabilitation engineering course for biomedical engineers, and key words: Biomedical engineering education, Prostheses/orthoses, Handicapped persons. Abstract: This paper describes an upper division elective course in rehabilitation engineering that addresses prosthetics and orthotics, wheelchair design, seating and positioning, and automobile modifications for individuals with disabilities. Faculty lectures are enhanced by guest lectures and class field trips. Guest lecturers include a prosthetist and a lower extremity amputee client, an engineer/prosthetist specializing in the upper extremity, and a rehabilitation engineer. The lower extremity prosthetist and his client present a case study for prosthetic prescription, fabrication, fitting, alignment, and evaluation. The engineer/prosthetist contrasts body-powered versus externally powered upper extremity prostheses and associated design, fitting, and functional considerations; he also discusses myoelectric signal conditioning, signal processing, and associated control strategies for upper extremity prosthetic control. Finally, the rehabilitation engineer presents case studies related to assessment and prescription of mobility aids, environmental control systems, and children's toys. The course also includes visits to a local prosthetic and orthotic facility to observe typical fabrication, fitting, and alignment procedures and a driver rehabilitation program for exposure to driver assessment, training, and common vehicle modifications. These applications of biomedical engineering to persons with disabilities have been well received by the students and have furthered interdisciplinary design and research projects. |
7,840 | Please write an abstract with title: Planning to Practice: Efficient Online Fine-Tuning by Composing Goals in Latent Space, and key words: Reinforcement learning, Generators, Hybrid power systems, Data models, Planning, Behavioral sciences, Task analysis. Abstract: General-purpose robots require diverse repertoires of behaviors to complete challenging tasks in real-world unstructured environments. To address this issue, goal-conditioned reinforcement learning aims to acquire policies that can reach configurable goals for a wide range of tasks on command. However, such goal-conditioned policies are notoriously difficult and time-consuming to train from scratch. In this paper, we propose Planning to Practice (PTP), a method that makes it practical to train goal-conditioned policies for long-horizon tasks that require multiple distinct types of interactions to solve. Our approach is based on two key ideas. First, we decompose the goal-reaching problem hierarchically, with a high-level planner that sets intermediate subgoals using conditional subgoal generators in the latent space for a low-level model-free policy. Second, we propose a hybrid approach which first pre-trains both the conditional subgoal generator and the policy on previously collected data through offline reinforcement learning, and then fine-tunes the policy via online exploration. This fine-tuning process is itself facilitated by the planned subgoals, which breaks down the original target task into short-horizon goal-reaching tasks that are significantly easier to learn. We conduct experiments in both the simulation and real world, in which the policy is pre-trained on demonstrations of short primitive behaviors and fine-tuned for temporally extended tasks that are unseen in the offline data. Our experimental results show that PTP can generate feasible sequences of subgoals that enable the policy to efficiently solve the target tasks. <sup>1</sup><sup>1</sup>Supplementary video: sites.google.com/view/planning-to-practice |
7,841 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Research of Scientific Research Integrated Management Platform, and key words: Databases, Operating systems, Project management, Collaboration, Collaborative work, Planning, Information technology. Abstract: Through the analysis and card of the business process of project management and integrated management of environmental policy research and planning units, this paper designs and studies a set of scientific research integrated management platform. The purpose is to solve the problems with the collaborative work of processing to notice, approval and opinion solicitation, and constantly improve the work efficiency. In the process of continuous promotion of information, the advantage of platform type automatic office system in enhancing the level of collaborative office is more and more obvious. Highly automated workflow can not only achieve high efficiency and accuracy, but also continuously find and improve problems in actual operation, which reversely promotes the construction and improvement of high standard automated workflow paradigm. |
7,842 | Please write an abstract with title: A Boom With a View: The Satellite-Imaging Industry is Exploding. Here's how to take Advantage of it, and key words: Satellites, Government, Image processing, Market research, Satellite navigation systems. Abstract: Every day, satellites circling overhead capture trillions of pixels of high-resolution imagery of the surface below. In the past, this kind of information was mostly reserved for specialists in government or the military. But these days, almost anyone can use it. |
7,843 | Please write an abstract with title: Generalized Local Aggregation for Large Scale Gaussian Process Regression, and key words: Entropy, Ground penetrating radar, Gaussian processes, Mutual information, Prediction algorithms, Bayes methods, Training. Abstract: Despite being one of the most popular nonparametric approaches, Gaussian process regression (GPR) suffers from $\mathcal{O}\left( {{n^3}} \right)$ computational burden and the computation is infeasible for large-scale scenarios. To reduce the computational complexity, many Shannon-mutual-information-based aggregation methods were proposed, whereas these methods can not effectively identify the importance of experts in some cases. To address this problem, we generalize the traditional mutual-information-based methods (GPoE, RBCM, GRBCM) based on Tsallis mutual information. Accordingly, the generated weight distribution is more sparse tending to focus on those experts with good performance. To obtain adaptive and data-dependent entropic-index in Tsallis entropy, we propose three heuristic algorithms to solve our model. Extensive experiments show that, the proposed method can improve the prediction of both the mean and variance, and the improvement of variance prediction is significant in many cases. |
7,844 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Lightweight Adaptive Headlamp System Based on STM32, and key words: Adaptive systems, Costs, Microcontrollers, Lighting control, Distance measurement, Safety, Gyroscopes. Abstract: Aiming at the shortcomings of the adaptive headlamps, such as limited rotation angle, complex structure and high price. In this paper, a lightweight adaptive headlamp system based on STM32 microcontroller is designed. It is mainly composed of STM32 microcontroller, photosensitive sensor, ranging sensor, gyro angle sensor, remote infrared module and other auxiliary modules. The system has the characteristics of stable performance, simple structure, wide range of headlamp rotation angle and low cost. It can be applied to the intelligent transformation of the traditional automobile lighting control system to improve the driving safety. The application prospect is very broad. |
7,845 | Please write an abstract with title: High Torque/Ampere Direct Torque Control of Switched Reluctance Motor Drives, and key words: Torque, Reluctance motors, Stators, Torque measurement, Rotors. Abstract: Direct flux and torque (DFTC) scheme is introduced for switched reluctance motors (SRMs) to minimize the inherent output torque ripples. In DTFC voltage vectors are chosen in such a way that the stator flux is kept constant, making it very sensitive to working condition. However, in SRM phases are independently excited, resulting in a nonlinear flux trajectory. In this paper, a new direct torque control (DTC) scheme is proposed, where sector boundaries are redesigned, and alternative optimized voltage vectors are selected. The proposed control technique also makes stator flux less sensitive to the working condition. This allows the phase to de-energize faster than the conventional DFTC, along with achieving high torque/ampere ratio with reduced ripples in torque. To show the effectiveness of the proposed DTC scheme over the conventional DTFC scheme simulation studies for the same operating conditions is carried out using Matlab/Simulink environment. |
7,846 | Please write an abstract with title: DeepFake Videos Detection Using Self-Supervised Decoupling Network, and key words: Image coding, Social networking (online), Databases, Conferences, Feature extraction, Forgery, Task analysis. Abstract: With wide applications of facial manipulation technology, fake images and videos are becoming a great public concern. Although existing methods for face forgery detection could achieve fairly good results on public database, most of them perform poorly when the fake images/videos are compressed as they are usually done in social networks. To tackle this issue, a self-supervised decoupling network (SSDN), that incorporates compression irrelevance, is proposed in this paper. The proposed model learns two separate feature representations for the suspect videos, i.e., authenticity and compression. A joint self-supervised strategy is then utilized for feature decoupling, in which, the similarity decoupling is carried out by similarity learning on authentic features, whereas for adversarial decoupling, the proposed SSDN model is trained in an adversarial manner for robust feature learning. Experimental results show that the SSDN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for deepfake detection against compression attacks on public datasets, e.g., FaceForensics++. |
7,847 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Clutter Covariance Matrix Reconstruction Method for Airborne STAP, and key words: Clutter, Covariance matrices, Training, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Simulation, Signal to noise ratio, Reconstruction algorithms. Abstract: The clutter plus noise covariance matrix (CNCM) usually estimated by the training snapshots is the key to obtain the weight vector in space-time adaptive processing (STAP). However, the CNCM is difficult to estimate accurately in small samples, which affects the target estimation seriously. To solve this problem, a novel CNCM reconstruction method is developed. The proposed method reconstructs the CNCM with Toeplitz structure and then derives closed-form expression for the estimated CNCM. Finally, the weight vector is built, which is convenient to detect and analyze the target signals. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown in simulated results. |
7,848 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep convolutional neural network for detection of pathological speech, and key words: Voice activity detection, Pathology, Transfer learning, Neural networks, Convolutional neural networks, Task analysis, Spectrogram. Abstract: This paper describes the investigation of the use of the deep neural networks (DNN) for the detection of pathological speech. The state-of-the-art VGG16 convolutional neural network based transfer learning was the basis of this work and different approaches were trialed. We tested the different architectures using the Saarbrucken Voice database (SVD). To overcome limitations due to language and education, the SVD was limited to /a/, /i/ and /u/ vowel subsets with sustained natural pitch. The scope of this study was only diseases that classify as organic dysphonia. We utilized multiple simple networks trained separately on different vowel subsets and combined them as a single model ensemble. It was found that model ensemble achieved an accuracy on pathological speech detection of 82 %. Thus, our results show that pre-trained convolutional neural networks can be used for transfer learning when input is the spectrogram representation of the voice signal. This is significant because it overcomes the need for very large data size that is required to train DNN, and is suitable for computerized analysis of the speech without limitation of the language skills of the patients. |
7,849 | Please write an abstract with title: Evolution of analog networks using local string alignment on highly reorganizable genomes, and key words: Genomics, Bioinformatics, Genetics, Decoding, Electronic circuits, Evolution (biology), Artificial neural networks, Control systems, Laboratories, Joining processes. Abstract: We introduce and apply a genetic representation for analog electronic circuits based on the association of character strings extracted from the genome with the terminals and parameters of components, and the use of local string alignment to generate the connection between components. The representation produces a variable genome length structure that tolerates the execution of major genome reorganization operators such as duplication and transposition, along with less disruptive ones such as character insertion, deletion and substitution. The representation can be applied also to other analog networks such as artificial neural networks, control systems, and genetic regulatory networks. |
7,850 | Please write an abstract with title: Multilevel cooperative search for the circuit/hypergraph partitioning problem, and key words: Circuits, Partitioning algorithms, Very large scale integration, Design automation, Design optimization, Computer science, Time sharing computer systems, Algorithm design and analysis, Clustering algorithms, Concurrent computing. Abstract: The objectives in this paper are twofold: design an approach for the netlist partitioning problem using the cooperative multilevel search paradigm introduced by Toulouse et al. and study the effectiveness of this paradigm for solving combinatorial optimization problems, in particular, those arising in the very large scale integration (VLSI) computer-aided design (CAD) area. The authors present a cooperative multilevel search algorithm CoMHP and describe a parallel implementation on the SGI O2000 system. Experiments on ISPD98 benchmark suite of circuits show, for four-way and eight-way partitioning, a reduction of 3% to 15% in the size of hyperedge cuts compared to those obtained by hMETIS. Bisections of hypergraphs based on the algorithm also outperform hMETIS, although more modestly. The authors present experimental results to demonstrate that the cooperation scheme plays a key role in the performance of CoMHP. In fact, the improvement in the quality of the solutions produced by CoMHP is to a large extent independent of the partitioners used in the implementation of CoMHP. The experimental results also demonstrate the effectiveness of the cooperative multilevel search paradigm for solving the netlist partitioning problem. |
7,851 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural classification of high resolution remote sensing imagery for power transmission lines surveillance, and key words: Image resolution, Remote sensing, Power transmission lines, Surveillance, Space technology, Availability, Aircraft, Image sensors, Image processing, Object recognition. Abstract: The larger availability of high resolution remotely sensed data, provided by novel aircraft and space sensors, offers new perspective to image processing techniques, but it introduces also the need for operational classification tools in order to completely exploit the potentialities of these data In many applicative contexts, in particular for technological network surveillance tasks, which involve specific requirements, such as (1) high resolution and accuracy in object recognition and positioning; (2) straightforward update and change detection; (3) geographic generalisation. The application presented deals with the recognition of features of interest for the surveillance of power transmission lines using IKONOS imagery. We proposed a methodology in which multi-scale and neural techniques are synergically combined to identify features at different scales and to fuse them for class discrimination. The results obtained on a pilot area in Northern Italy proved that the combination of multi-window feature extraction and neural soft classification produced an agile and flexible model that can act as a classifier of objects that vary in shape, size and structure. |
7,852 | Please write an abstract with title: Diminished Reality for Sense of Movement with XR Mobility Platform, and key words: Visualization, Actuators, Inverse problems, Design methodology, Force, Green products, Drives. Abstract: This paper proposes a method to reduce a sense of movement by controlling a passenger's sense of movement using a multimodal XR system mounted on an autonomous vehicle. The passenger should not be given the sense of movement from the accelerating stimulus, in order to make the space comfortable during self-driving. In the field of VR, technologies have been developed to simulate a sense of movement that does not occur, such as in a driving simulator. However, the purpose of this paper is to solve the inverse problem to reduce the sense of movement generated by real autonomous driving. By using a multimodal XR mobility platform that consists of an immersive display and a motion platform with a tilting seat, we develop a state-of-the-art method to reduce the passenger's perceived sense of movement. This method enables one to perceive the vehicle as if they are not moving, even though they are in automated driving. In the experiments, we evaluated 20 participants under the condition of the combination of visual and force acceleration stimuli. From experimental results, it was confirmed that the sense of movement was reduced significantly when both visual and force acceleration stimuli were not presented in the condition. |
7,853 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a sliding mode controller based on fuzzy logic, and key words: Sliding mode control, Fuzzy logic, Switches, Nonlinear control systems, Control systems, Nonlinear systems, Uncertainty, Automatic control, Automation, Smoothing methods. Abstract: On the basis of fuzzy logic, a sliding mode control is developed for a class of nonlinear systems. To eliminate the chattering in sliding mode control, a fixed boundary layer around the switch surface is used. Within the boundary layer, since the fuzzy logic control is applied, the chattering phenomenon, which is inherent in a sliding mode control, is avoided by smoothing the switch signal. Outside the boundary, the sliding mode control is applied to driving the system states into the boundary layer. The control method is verified by designing a controller for a nonlinear time-varying system using the proposed method and the simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the method. |
7,854 | Please write an abstract with title: An Integrated Control System for Optimal Human Trunk Motion, and key words: Muscles, Torque, Artificial neural networks, Computational modeling, Predictive models, Centralized control, Trajectory. Abstract: A major desire of individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) is the ability to functionally move the trunk while at the same time maintaining a stable posture. The trunk movements can be actuated by Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation (FNS), which applies low-level current to the peripheral nerves to activate the paralyzed muscle, and thus generate forces and joint moments sufficient to move the limbs. Ensuring the precision and stability of the movement requires powerful control methods as the musculoskeletal dynamics of the trunk are highly complex. In this paper, an integrated control loop, which combines a joint moment (JMT) controller and a muscle (MUS) controller, is developed to control trunk motions. The JMT controller which is comprised of a prior computed feedforward torque and a model predictive controller (MPC), determines the torque vector required to achieve the motion. However, the computed torque cannot be directly applied to an actual trunk system. This limitation motivates the MUS design, where a feed-forward activation map (FAM) determines the muscle activation that can generate the desired torque vector while a neural network (NN) based correction mechanism is adjusted by an anatomy-based updating law. Therefore, when the desired motion is determined, the corresponding activation can be found and applied to the muscles of the trunk. The integrated control system is validated in simulation, in which the trunk is moved to a variety of reference postures. Simulation performance suggests that the method has a high potential for trunk control applications in individuals with SCI and other impairments. |
7,855 | Please write an abstract with title: Bounded Antisynchronization of Multiple Neural Networks via Multilevel Hybrid Control, and key words: Artificial neural networks, Synchronization, Observers, Uncertainty, Stability criteria, Predictive models, Mathematical models. Abstract: The bounded antisynchronization (AS) problem of multiple discrete-time neural networks (NNs) based on the fuzzy model is studied, in consideration of the differences in quantity and communication among different NN groups, the variabilities of dynamics, and communication topological affected by environments. To reduce the energy consumption of communication, a cluster pinning communication mechanism is proposed, and an impulsive observer is designed to estimate the state of target NN. Then, a multilevel hybrid controller based on the impulsive observer is built including the AS controller and the bounded synchronization (BS) controller. Sufficient conditions for bounded AS are obtained by analyzing the stability of the BS augmented error (BSAE) and the AS augmented error (ASAE) based on the fuzzy-based Lyapunov functional (FBLF). Finally, a numerical example and an application example are given to verify the validity of the obtained results. |
7,856 | Please write an abstract with title: WISHED: Wavefront imaging sensor with high resolution and depth ranging, and key words: Integrated optics, Image sensors, Three-dimensional displays, Biomedical optical imaging, Optical recording, Imaging, Optical variables measurement. Abstract: Phase-retrieval based wavefront sensors have been shown to reconstruct the complex field from an object with a high spatial resolution. Although the reconstructed complex field encodes the depth information of the object, it is impractical to be used as a depth sensor for macroscopic objects, since the unambiguous depth imaging range is limited by the optical wavelength. To improve the depth range of imaging and handle depth discontinuities, we propose a novel three-dimensional sensor by leveraging wavelength diversity and wavefront sensing. Complex fields at two optical wavelengths are recorded, and a synthetic wavelength can be generated by correlating those wavefronts. The proposed system achieves high lateral and depth resolutions. Our experimental prototype shows an unambiguous range of more than 1,000 x larger compared with the optical wavelengths, while the depth precision is up to 9µm for smooth objects and up to 69µm for rough objects. We experimentally demonstrate 3D reconstructions for transparent, translucent, and opaque objects with smooth and rough surfaces. |
7,857 | Please write an abstract with title: Balancing between Demand and Trading in Microgrids, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Costs, Supply and demand, Microgrids, Pricing, Convex functions, Smart grids. Abstract: The envisaged future generation power or smart grid (SG) will incorporate ICT technologies as well as innovative ideas for advanced integrated and automated power systems. The bidirectional information and energy flows within the envisaged advanced SG together with other aiding devices and objects, promote a new vision to energy supply and demand response. Meanwhile, the gradual shift to the next generation fully fledged SGs will be preceded by individual isolated microgrids voluntarily collaborating in the managing of all the available energy resources within their control to optimally serve both demand and distribution. In so doing, innovative applications will emerge that will bring numerous benefits as well as challenges in the SG. This paper introduces a power management approach that is geared towards optimizing power distribution, trading, as well as storage among cooperative microgrids (MGs). The initial task is to formulate the problem as a convex optimization problem and ultimately decompose it into a formulation that jointly considers user utility as well as factors such as MG load variance and associated transmission costs. It is deduced from obtained analytical results that the formulated generic optimization algorithm characterizing both aggregated demand and response from the cooperative microgrids assist greatly in determining the required resources hence enabling operational cost viability of the entire system. |
7,858 | Please write an abstract with title: X-Controlled Memristive Devices for Automatic Gain Control in RC Oscillators, and key words: Integrated circuits, Robust control, Memristors, Automatic generation control, Distortion, Nanoscale devices, Steady-state. Abstract: Classical memristive systems, also referred to as the extended memristors, are generalized to memristive systems whose internal state can be controlled via the voltage or current of an auxiliary port. The usefulness of these proposed devices is illustrated on the example of AGC (Automatic Gain Control) of RC oscillators. The parameters of the corresponding memristive systems required for a smooth startup and low harmonic distortion of the oscillation signal are formulated. It is shown that this concept includes some hitherto employed methods of gain control as special cases, and that its key added value consists in the possibility of nanoscale implementation. |
7,859 | Please write an abstract with title: Resource Allocation for Infrastructure Resilience using Artificial Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Artificial neural networks, Tools, Power system reliability, Resource management, Optimization, Resilience. Abstract: From an optimization point of view, resource allocation is one of the cornerstones of research for addressing problems commonly arising in applications such as power outages and traffic jams. In this paper, we take a data-driven approach to estimate an optimal nodal restoration sequence for immediate recovery of infrastructure networks after natural disasters such as earthquakes. Data is generated from td-INDP, a high-fidelity simulator of optimal restoration strategies for interdependent networks, and employ artificial neural networks to approximate those strategies. Despite the fact that the underlying problem is NP-complete, the restoration sequences obtained by our method are observed to be nearly optimal. In addition, by training multiple models—the so-called estimators—for a variety of resource availability levels, our proposed method balances a tradeoff between resource utilization and restoration time. Decision-makers can use our trained models to allocate resources more efficiently before and after contingencies, and in turn, improve the community resilience. Besides their predictive power, such trained estimators unravel the effect of interdependencies among different nodal functionalities in the restoration strategies. We showcase our methodology by the real-world interdependent infrastructure of Shelby County, TN. |
7,860 | Please write an abstract with title: Chinese Musician Playlist Co-occurrence Network of Power-Law Distribution, and key words: Social networking (online), Mood, Music, Production, Complex networks, Metadata. Abstract: In this paper, we study the topological structure of Chinese musician playlist co-occurrence network. The metadata of constructed network comes from online music platform. We use processed data to construct a Chinese musician playlist co-occurrence network, in which the node represents a Chinese musician and the edge between nodes represents that two musicians appear together in the same playlist. The playlist collects different song on the same theme, which includes current mood and scene, or preferred song style. In some degree, it plays the role of recording life. For the topological structure of network, we study a variety of statistical properties including node degree distribution, clustering coefficient, average path length and node centrality etc. The resulting network shows that the degree distribution in the Chinese musician playlist co-occurrence network follows the power-law distribution. The network is a scale-free network with an exponent of 3.97, a higher clustering coefficient, a smaller average path length and typical small-world characteristics. |
7,861 | Please write an abstract with title: Convergence Analysis of Single Latent Factor-Dependent, Nonnegative, and Multiplicative Update-Based Nonnegative Latent Factor Models, and key words: Convergence, Computational modeling, Learning systems, Analytical models, Sparse matrices, Big Data. Abstract: A single latent factor (LF)-dependent, nonnegative, and multiplicative update (SLF-NMU) learning algorithm is highly efficient in building a nonnegative LF (NLF) model defined on a high-dimensional and sparse (HiDS) matrix. However, convergence characteristics of such NLF models are never justified in theory. To address this issue, this study conducts rigorous convergence analysis for an SLF-NMU-based NLF model. The main idea is twofold: 1) proving that its learning objective keeps nonincreasing with its SLF-NMU-based learning rules via constructing specific auxiliary functions; and 2) proving that it converges to a stable equilibrium point with its SLF-NMU-based learning rules via analyzing the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions of its learning objective. Experimental results on ten HiDS matrices from real applications provide numerical evidence that indicates the correctness of the achieved proof. |
7,862 | Please write an abstract with title: Construction of Modern Information Education Platform Based on Embedded Resource Scheduling, and key words: Information science, Education, Conferences, Big Data. Abstract: In order to improve the ability of modern information education, this paper puts forward the construction model of modern information education platform based on embedded resource scheduling. The overall design description and functional modularization analysis of modern information education platform are carried out. The bus automatic monitoring design of bus control program control method of modern information education platform is carried out, and the underlying database is established. The system design includes modern information education resource retrieval module, modern information education digital information resource integration processing module, bus control module, resource information fusion module, output interface control module, etc., Big data mining of modern information education is carried out, the identification model of digital information fusion of modern information education is constructed, and the software development and design of modern information education platform are realized by combining the digital integration algorithm and resource scheduling design of modern information education, and the integrated design of modern information education platform is realized under MVB bus control protocol and embedded environment. The simulation results show that the designed modern information education platform has good intelligence and strong control ability of information output, which improves the level of modern information education and management. |
7,863 | Please write an abstract with title: Neutral ground resistor monitoring schemes, and key words: Resistors, Industrial power systems, Power system faults, Breakdown voltage, Condition monitoring, Electrical equipment industry, Substations, Transformers, Fault currents, Dielectrics and electrical insulation. Abstract: One distribution industrial/utility company in the Middle East has experienced several neutral ground resistor [NGR] failures during the past few years at its residential substations. These NGR's are installed in the neutral of the distribution power system transformers to limit the ground fault current. The failure of these NGR's caused the distribution system to be ungrounded. The existence of a phase to ground failure in the ungrounded power system leads to phase to ground voltage build-up in the other two healthy phases which can result in insulation breakdown and electrical equipment failures. This work is aimed at the development of two schemes and the evaluation of a third commercial existing scheme to detect NGR's failures. |
7,864 | Please write an abstract with title: Design patterns and change proneness: an examination of five evolving systems, and key words: Concrete, Software design, Software maintenance, Pattern analysis, Programming, Laboratories, Computer science, Educational institutions, Pattern recognition, Size measurement. Abstract: Design patterns are recognized, named solutions to common design problems. The use of the most commonly referenced design patterns should promote adaptable and reusable program code. When a system evolves, changes to code involving a design pattern should, in theory, consist of creating new concrete classes that are extensions or subclasses of previously existing classes. Changes should not, in theory, involve direct modifications to the classes in prior versions that play roles in a design patterns. We studied five systems, three proprietary systems and two open source systems, to identify the observable effects of the use of design patterns in early versions on changes that occur as the systems evolve. In four of the five systems, pattern classes are more rather than less change prone. Pattern classes in one of the systems were less change prone. These results held up after normalizing for the effect of class size - larger classes are more change prone in two of the five systems. These results provide insight into how design patterns are actually used, and should help us to learn to develop software designs that are more easily adapted. |
7,865 | Please write an abstract with title: NDRAM: nonlinear dynamic recurrent associative memory for learning bipolar and nonbipolar correlated patterns, and key words: Associative memory, Neural networks, Hypercubes, Hopfield neural networks, Neurofeedback, Iterative algorithms, Computer simulation, Unsupervised learning, Feedback loop, State feedback. Abstract: This paper presents a new unsupervised attractor neural network, which, contrary to optimal linear associative memory models, is able to develop nonbipolar attractors as well as bipolar attractors. Moreover, the model is able to develop less spurious attractors and has a better recall performance under random noise than any other Hopfield type neural network. Those performances are obtained by a simple Hebbian/anti-Hebbian online learning rule that directly incorporates feedback from a specific nonlinear transmission rule. Several computer simulations show the model's distinguishing properties. |
7,866 | Please write an abstract with title: An adaptive entropy optimization algorithm for blind source separation, and key words: Entropy, Blind source separation, Signal processing algorithms, Independent component analysis, Source separation, Sonar applications, Radar applications, Radar imaging, Radar signal processing, Acoustic applications. Abstract: Independent component analysis (ICA) or blind signal separation (BSS) has become an increasing important research field due to its rapidly growing applications in various areas, such as telecommunication systems, sonar and radar systems, audio and acoustics, image enhancement and biomedical signal processing. First, a novel adaptive ICA (AICA) entropy optimization algorithm for finding pairs of simplified activation functions (SAF) is introduced. Then, the theoretical explanation is described. Finally we discuss the algorithm with a few existing representative methods. Experimental simulation results prove that the algorithm is effective at separating signals. |
7,867 | Please write an abstract with title: URLLC Edge Networks With Joint Optimal User Association, Task Offloading and Resource Allocation: A Digital Twin Approach, and key words: Ultra reliable low latency communication, Task analysis, Resource management, Optimization, Computational modeling, Servers, Digital twins. Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of minimising latency in computation offloading with digital twin (DT) wireless edge networks for industrial Internet-of-Things (IoT) environment via ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) links. The considered DT-aided edge networks provide a powerful computing framework to enable computation-intensive services, where the DT is used to model the computing capacity of edge servers and optimise the resource allocation of the entire system. The objective function is comprised of local processing latency, URLLC-based transmission latency and edge processing latency, subject to both communication and computation resources budgets. In this regard, the minimum latency is obtained by jointly optimising the transmit power, user association, offloading portions, the processing rate of users and edge servers. The formulated problem is highly complicated due to complex non-convex constraints and strong coupling variables. To deal with this computationally intractable problem, we propose an iterative algorithm which decomposes the original problem into three sub-problems and resolve this problem in the fashion of alternating optimisation approach combined with an inner convex approximation framework. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing the latency compared with other benchmark schemes. |
7,868 | Please write an abstract with title: Saturation Backstepping Controller for Spacecraft Attitude Agile Maneuvering, and key words: Attitude control, Backstepping, Angular velocity, Torque, Acceleration, Space vehicles, Quaternions. Abstract: Agile spacecraft with rapid rotational maneuverability still attracts considerable attentions due to the increasingly complex space missions. Input saturation and low energy consumption are taken into consideration in the design of the attitude agile maneuvering controller. This paper aims to address the above problems using a saturation backstepping based attitude controller for rapid rotational maneuver. The backstepping attitude controller is designed at first for the maneuvering only includes acceleration phase and deceleration phase. After considering input constraints of attitude angular velocity and control torque, the backstepping controller is modified into a two-layer cascade-saturation backstepping controller using saturation control method. The attitude angular velocity and the control torque constraints are satisfied respectively by designing the one-layer cascade-saturation based virtual control input and the control torque saturation function. The resulted maneuvering is divided into three phases: acceleration phase, coast phase and deceleration phase. In the coast phase, the energy cost for attitude maneuvering is reduced. Finally, simulations are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed controller. The maximum control torque and attitude angular velocity are constrained and the energy cost is greatly reduced with high control accuracy. |
7,869 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless Monitoring of Displacement Using Spiral Resonators, and key words: Sensors, Spirals, Impedance, Resonators, Integrated circuit modeling, Inductance, Wireless sensor networks. Abstract: A distance sensor based on a spiral resonator (SR) label printed on a dielectric substrate and remotely interrogated through a small loop antenna acting as reader is presented. The proposed system is working at a single frequency (856.5 MHz) and could be compliant with conventional RFID readers. The measurement of distance is carried out by observing the magnitude variation of the response at resonance, namely the real part of the input impedance of the probing loop. Indeed, the latter response changes as a function of the distance between the tag and the loop due to the variation of mutual coupling between the pair. The proposed sensor is capable of providing estimates of the distance with high resolution within the specified range of operation. The results also show that the sensitivity of the sensor, which is quantified by the change of input impedance over distance, decreases at large displacements, eventually reaching a saturation point which defines the maximum detectable distance. The sensing principle is verified using simulations and measurements. It is also demonstrated that the maximum readable distance is comparable to the size of the SR. Finally, the effect of lateral displacement was investigated experimentally to demonstrate how the sensor performs in conditions where perfect axial alignment cannot be guaranteed. Thanks to its scalability potential, the proposed sensor is suitable for various practical scenarios. |
7,870 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of the Effects of Multi-Layer Winding Structures in Two Pole Synchronous Reluctance Machines, and key words: Torque, Windings, Stator windings, Production, Pareto optimization, Harmonic analysis, Torque measurement. Abstract: In this paper, a comparative study is performed between single, various double, and triple-layer winding structures to investigate the effects of the winding MMF harmonics and end winding length on the two-pole synchronous reluctance machines (SynRM). A two-step design approach is used including winding and geometry optimization using multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) algorithm. In the first stage, a Pareto front is obtained which determines the number of turns for each coil group for all winding configurations. Later in the second stage, three results are selected from the first stage to perform a geometric optimization to distinguish the effects of the THD and end winding length on the synchronous performance of a 4 kW two-pole SynRM. For the same average torque output, efficiency, mass, and the torque ripple of the selected designs are investigated and compared. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that rather than focusing on shortening the end winding length, reducing the MMF harmonics have a more positive effect on the machine performance as reduced harmonics resulted in efficiency improvement up to 2 points and torque ripple is reduced up to 8 points while having similar motor mass. |
7,871 | Please write an abstract with title: A Visual-Inertial Localization Method for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Underground Tunnel Dynamic Environments, and key words: Cameras, Heuristic algorithms, Pose estimation, Robustness, Vehicle dynamics, Simultaneous localization and mapping. Abstract: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can significantly improve the autonomy of the mining industry, and self-localization is the key to autonomous flights of underground UAVs. A localization method of visual-inertial sensor data fusion is proposed in this paper. The method aims to improve the localization accuracy and robustness of underground UAVs in dynamic environments. First, an algorithm for dynamic point detection and rejection is presented, which combines a semantic segmentation neural network, an optical flow method, and an epipolar constraint method. Second, a visual-inertial sensor fusion algorithm is used to enhance performance in areas lacking static visual features. It can also provide absolute scales to the localization results, as opposed to monocular systems. Finally, a hand-held multi-sensor data collection system is developed with accurate calibration, for imitating flights of underground UAVs and easing data collection in real underground tunnels. We evaluate our proposed localization method and compare it with state-of-art method VINS-Mono on both the public EuRoC dataset and our own collected data in underground tunnels. Experimental results show that the proposed visual-inertial localization method can improve the accuracy by more than 67% over VINS-Mono in high dynamic environments, and it can be applied to underground dynamic scenes with high robustness and accuracy. |
7,872 | Please write an abstract with title: A method of test generation for path delay faults in balanced sequential circuits, and key words: Circuit testing, Sequential analysis, Delay, Circuit faults, Sequential circuits, Feedback circuits, National electric code, System testing, Very large scale integration, Design for testability. Abstract: This paper shows that path delay fault test generation problem for sequential circuits with balanced structure can be reduced to segment delay fault test generation problem for their combinationally transformed circuits. We also propose a test generation method and a partially enhanced scan design method for path delay fault. |
7,873 | Please write an abstract with title: Power flow control and loss minimization with unified power flow controller (UPFC), and key words: Load flow control, Load flow, Power system modeling, Power system simulation, Equations, Flexible AC transmission systems, Voltage control, Circuits, Java, Automatic voltage control. Abstract: In this paper, the UPFC injection model is used to investigate its effect on load flow and loss reduction in power systems. In this study, the Newton-Raphson algorithm is modified to consider the benefits of having a UPFC in the power system. Simulations have been implemented in MATLAB and the IEEE 14-bus system has been used as a case study. Simulations investigate the effect of injecting a series voltage with various magnitude and phase characteristics on the power flow of the system. It also considers the effect of the parallel branch on the voltage of the related bus. Finally, the optimum place for installing a UPFC, in order to have minimum loss in the system, is suggested based on the simulation results and the structure of the power system. |
7,874 | Please write an abstract with title: Convolutional Codes and Their Performance in Communication Systems, and key words: Convolutional codes, Communications technology, Logic, Information retrieval, Error correction, Iterative decoding, Error probability, Welding, Mathematics, Electrical engineering. Abstract: This tutorial paper begins with an elementary presentation of the fundamental properties and structure of convolutional codes and proceeds with the development of the maximum likelihood decoder. The powerful tool of generating function analysis is demonstrated to yield for arbitrary codes both the distance properties and upper bounds on the bit error probability for communication over any memoryless channel. Previous results on code ensemble average error probabilities are also derived and extended by these techniques. Finally, practical considerations concerning finite decoding memory, metric representation, and synchronization are discussed. |
7,875 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Stator Magnetomotive Force and Starting Current in Brushless Doubly Fed Machine with Multi Harmonic Combination, and key words: Brushless motors, Torque, Force, Air gaps, Windings, Stator windings, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: The brushless doubly fed machine (BDFM) with multi harmonic combined starting changes the motor stator winding connection mode, so that the excitation current generates the fundamental magnetomotive force (MMF) in the air gap and the harmonic MMF of different pole pairs in the same direction as the fundamental wave. The fundamental MMF cooperates with these harmonic MMFs to interact with the composite coil winding on the rotor to reduce the starting current and increase the starting torque, thereby improving the starting performance of the motor. This article establishes the mathematic model of the MMF of the stator winding of the motor through detailed derivation, analyzes the MMF harmonic content of the motor when starting; and analyzes the air gap flux density of the motor when starting to study its starting performance. Simulation and test results show that the use of multi harmonic combined starting method reduces the starting current of the motor, increases the starting torque, and makes the motor have better starting performance. |
7,876 | Please write an abstract with title: A Reinforcement Learning Hyper-heuristic for the optimisation of Flight Connections, and key words: Urban areas, Airports, Optimization, Heuristic algorithms, Learning (artificial intelligence), Search problems, Computer science. Abstract: Many combinatorial computational problems have been effectively solved by means of hyper-heuristics. In this study, we focus on a problem proposed by Kiwi.com and solve this problem by implementing a Reinforcement Learning (RL) hyperheuristic algorithm. Kiwi.com proposed a real-world NP-hard minimisation problem associated with air travelling services. The problem shares some characteristics with several TSP variants, such as time-dependence and time-windows that make the problem more complex in comparison to the classical TSP. In this work, we evaluate our proposed RL method on kiwi.com problem and compare its results statistically with common random-based hyper-heuristic approaches. The empirical results show that RL method achieves the best performance between the tested selection hyper-heuristics. Another significant achievement of RL is that better solutions were found compared to the best known solutions in several problem instances. |
7,877 | Please write an abstract with title: Instrumentation of an Inspection Test Rig for Geometry Measurement of Fiber Bundles in Automated Composite Manufacturing, and key words: Inspection, Windings, Optical fiber sensors, Geometry, Optical fiber testing, Glass, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: The major advantage of products made from composite materials is given by their superior weight-specific mechanical properties. These can be weakened by defects induced in the manufacturing process. Therefore, online detection and analysis of the processed fiber bundle geometry is a key factor for the quality assurance of the final part. In this article, the instrumentation and data evaluation for determining the surface geometry of fiber bundles by means of light sectioning was examined. Bundles of glass and carbon fibers were measured continuously on an inspection test rig. Different background materials have been used in order to validate the applicability of the approach. By utilization of a polynomial fitting algorithm, data segmentation of object and baseline was robustly achieved. By means of cross correlation, the data alignment could be evaluated faster and more reliable compared to a method previously presented by us. The information could then be used for the determination of the fiber bundle width, centerline, spatial changes, and oscillations. In addition, unwanted defects as well as lateral movement of the fiber bundles were reliably detected. The information revealed by the proposed algorithm provides the basis for robust online monitoring of fiber bundle geometry in highly automated composite manufacturing processes. |
7,878 | Please write an abstract with title: How to Learn from Others: Transfer Machine Learning with Additive Regression Models to Improve Sales Forecasting, and key words: Forecasting, Machine learning, Predictive models, Data models, Adaptation models, Time series analysis, Analytical models. Abstract: In a variety of business situations, the introduction or improvement of machine learning approaches is impaired as these cannot draw on existing analytical models. However, in many cases similar problems may have already been solved elsewhere-but the accumulated analytical knowledge cannot be tapped to solve a new problem, e.g., because of privacy barriers.For the particular purpose of sales forecasting for similar entities, we propose a transfer machine learning approach based on additive regression models that lets new entities benefit from models of existing entities. We evaluate the approach on a rich, multi-year dataset of multiple restaurant branches. We differentiate the options to simply transfer models from one branch to another (“zero shot”) or to transfer and adapt them. We analyze feasibility and performance against several forecasting benchmarks. The results show the potential of the approach to exploit the collectively available analytical knowledge.Thus, we contribute an approach that is generalizable beyond sales forecasting and the specific use case in particular. In addition, we demonstrate its feasibility for a typical use case as well as the potential for improving forecasting quality. These results should inform academia, as they help to leverage knowledge across various entities, and have immediate practical application in industry. |
7,879 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Driving Cycle with Wireless Communication in Electric Vehicles, and key words: Wireless communication, Antenna measurements, Wires, Prototypes, Process control, Transportation, Logic gates. Abstract: Considering the negative effects of fossil fuels on th environment, electric vehicles are considered as the future o transportation. According to the number of electric vehicle will increase day by day, vehicle development an improvement processes will show some differences compare to internal combustion engine vehicles. In this study, th subject of tracking and controlling the vehicle b communicating with the vehicle wirelessly in real time durin the driving test cycles for the development and improvemen processes of battery electric vehicles is examined. The new system development was planned, implemented and tested in different conditions. |
7,880 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Evaluation of 10 kV SiC Current Switch Based PWM Current Source Inverter for 4.16 kV Motor Drive Applications, and key words: Motor drives, MOSFET, Silicon carbide, Switching frequency, Switching loss, Switches, Medium voltage. Abstract: Series-connected 6.5 kV symmetric gate-commutated thyristor (SGCTs) are widely used as the reverse blocking switch (referred to as the current switch in this paper) in 4.16 kV PWM current source inverter (CSI) based motor drive applications up to 420 Hz switching frequency. Modern 10 kV SiC MOSFETs and SiC diodes have the potential to be implemented as the current switch with lower switching loss and a smaller count of the active switches in the 4.16 kV CSI-based drives. In this paper, a 10 kV SiC current switch is presented to enable a medium voltage (MV) PWM-CSI for 4.16 kV motor drive applications. The higher switching frequency capability of the 10 kV SiC current switch reduces the output current harmonics and the dc link inductor size significantly. Experimental tests have shown that the electrical and thermal performance of the 10 kV SiC current switch-based CSI is shown to be reasonably acceptable and near to 10 kV SiC MOSFET-based VSI drives at 10 kHz switching frequency. |
7,881 | Please write an abstract with title: Design Rule Checking with a CNN Based Feature Extractor, and key words: Productivity, Solid modeling, Layout, Time to market, Random access memory, Feature extraction, Engines. Abstract: Design rule checking (DRC) is getting increasingly complex in advanced nodes technologies. It would be highly desirable to have a fast interactive DRC engine that could be used during layout. In this work, we establish the proof of feasibility for such an engine. The proposed model consists of a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained to detect DRC violations. The model was trained with artificial data that was derived from a set of 50 SRAM designs. The focus in this demonstration was metal 1 rules. Using this solution, we can detect multiple DRC violations 32x faster than Boolean checkers with an accuracy of up to 92%. The proposed solution can be easily expanded to a complete rule set. |
7,882 | Please write an abstract with title: Surface Wettability Analysis of Nichrome Alloy Based on the Measurements of Sessile Droplet Contact Angles, and key words: Nickel, Contacts, Fitting, Surface treatment, Software, Plating. Abstract: Nichrome (Ni/Cr) alloys are widely used in electrical devices due to their favorable electrical properties. However, these alloys are known to have a protective oxide layer on their surfaces. The presence of this oxide layer leads to a significant reduction of wettability of common solder materials on the nichrome surfaces. Poor solderability will cause loose connections and electrical resistance fluctuations. This paper discusses an attempt made to address this issue through electroplating. Instead of the conventional industrial approach, this study has adopted a contact angle based method to monitor the solder wettability changes. A new piece of equipment, together with analytical software, was developed to do the task. Electrodeposition significantly improved solderability on the nichrome surface. The contact angle reduction due to electrodeposition was over 60%. It was concluded that the passivation oxide layer was removed at the strike bath because of the reactions that occurred between the passive oxide layer and chloride ions. The formation of Ni-rich surface has favorably altered the surface energies to achieve better solderability. |
7,883 | Please write an abstract with title: A Blogging Application Based on Facial Authentication, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Histograms, Social networking (online), Face recognition, Blogs, Authentication, Libraries. Abstract: Blogging is something where you can share your knowledge with a large network and it also serves as a means to continue your passion. In this project, we have designed a blogging application which has features like facial authentication, social media integration along with Paytm integration. It has been developed by making use of the functionalities available in the Open-Computer-Vision (Open CV) library using Python. It has used Haar-Cascades for face detection purposes and Local binary pattern histograms (LBPH) recognizer for facial recognition. |
7,884 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of Deep Learning for Fig Fruit Detection in The Wild, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Measurement, Location awareness, Detectors, Tin, Software. Abstract: This paper proposes an appropriate detection approach based on a deep learning methodology to accomplish fast and effective detection and localization of fig fruits in complicated environmental pictures, e.g., in the wild. A dataset is manually created by first taking pictures of fig fruits in their natural environment and then annotating them with the label "buah tin." The augmentation technique was then employed to prevent overfitting during the training phase. Thus, the dataset can be split into 30% for testing and 70% for training. The YOLOv3 and YOLOv4 one-stage detection deep learning models will be used in the Phyton environment with Google Colaboratory for this research. The experimental outcomes indicated that the YOLOv4 model-based recognition algorithm for detecting fig fruit had outperformed YOLOv3 in terms of average precision and other metrics. Compared to YOLOv3’s mAP value of 81.40%, YOLOv4’s is the highest at 90.02%. Thus, the YOLOv4 can fulfil essential practical criteria and has a good detecting impact on figs in a challenging environment. |
7,885 | Please write an abstract with title: Finite-Time Disturbance Attenuation Tracking Control of Flexible-Joint Robots Based on CTSMC, and key words: Trajectory tracking, Simulation, Force, Position measurement, Observers, Attenuation, Stability analysis. Abstract: A robust finite-time disturbance attenuation tracking control strategy of flexible-joint robotic systems affected by unpredictable matched and unmatched time-varying disturbances is presented in this work. By considering all the disturbances as an unknown total time-varying disturbance, a dynamic model with the flatness description of the FJR is firstly deduced. Then, a new dynamic terminal sliding mode surface is designed with the assistance of the estimates from a constructed sliding mode observer (SMO). Meanwhile, the continuous terminal sliding mode control (CTSMC) technique is employed to develop a finite-time disturbance attenuation control methodology. Besides, the finite-time stability of the closed-loop system acting on the proposed control framework is guaranteed. Finally, simulation results on a two-link FJ robot demonstrate the superiority of the specially devised constructed control approach. |
7,886 | Please write an abstract with title: Wideband Microwave Absorber based on Triangle Folded Dipole Element, and key words: Resistors, Dipole antennas, Transmitting antennas, Microwave theory and techniques, Ultra wideband antennas, Microwave antenna arrays, Broadband communication. Abstract: In some extent, a microwave absorber can be seen as an antenna array, while the captured signal by the absorber are dissipated but not transmitted to the loading system. Therefore, to get a broadband absorber, one can make the design from an ultra-wideband antenna array. Based on a closed-form formula of the radiation impedance, the bandwidth of a classical folded dipole can be made optimally broadband, with just a few steps of manual manipulation on the frequency locus of the folded-dipole in the Smith chart. With this method, a wideband triangle folded dipole array is carried out firstly in this work. Then by replacing the excitation ports of the antenna with lumped resistors, we can get a broadband absorber with a relative bandwidth of 116% at the center frequency of 9GHz. |
7,887 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure Digital Signature Validated by Ambient User’s Wi-Fi-enabled devices, and key words: Public key, Seals, Receivers, Mobile handsets, Electronic mail, Servers, Information technology. Abstract: In cyberspace, a digital signature is a mathematical technique that plays a significant role, especially in validating the authenticity of digital messages, emails, or documents. Furthermore, the digital signature mechanism allows the recipient to trust the authenticity of the received message that is coming from the said sender and that the message was not altered in transit. Moreover, a digital signature provides a solution to the problems of tampering and impersonation in digital communications. In a real-life example, it is equivalent to a handwritten signature or stamp seal, but it offers more security. This paper proposes a scheme to enable users to digitally sign their communications by validating their identity through users’ mobile devices. This is done by utilizing the user’s ambient Wi-Fi-enabled devices. Moreover, the proposed scheme depends on something that a user possesses (i.e., Wi-Fi-enabled devices), and something that is in the user’s environment (i.e., ambient Wi-Fi access points) where the validation process is implemented, in a way that requires no effort from users and removes the "weak link" from the validation process. The proposed scheme was experimentally examined. |
7,888 | Please write an abstract with title: Biomechanical study of traumatic asphyxia due to thoracic load, and key words: Asphyxia, Force measurement, Humans, Anthropomorphism, Vehicles, Testing, Potentiometers, Photography, Kinematics, Injuries. Abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the force-deflection characteristics of the chest of the human surrogate dummy during the loading typical of traumatic asphyxia conditions. The 5th percentile female Hybrid III and 50th percentile male Hybrid III anthropomorphic dummies were used. The vehicle rear bumper impacted the chest of the dummy at idle speed and was allowed to remain in contact with the chest. A total of 14 tests were conducted. The chest force was measured using the load cell and chest deflection was measured using the potentiometer. High-speed photography was used to collect the kinematics data of the dummy. The measured peak deflection was above the proposed injury assessment reference value for chest compression. The peak force was found to be injurious. |
7,889 | Please write an abstract with title: A Graph-based Error Correction Model Using Lie-algebraic Cohomology and Its Application on Global Consistent Indoor Scene Reconstruction, and key words: Human-centered computing-Visualization- Visu-alization techniques-3D Scene Reconstruction, Human-centered computing- Visualization- Visualization design and evaluation methods-Modeling and simulation. Abstract: We present a novel, effective method for global indoor scene reconstruction problems by geometric topology. Based on point cloud pairwise registration methods (e.g ICP) or IMU, we focus on the problem of accumulated error for the composition of transformations along any loops. The major technical contribution of this paper is a linear method for the graph optimation, using only solving a Poisson equation. We demonstrate the consistency of our method from Hodge-Helmhotz decomposition theorem and experiments on multiple RGBD datasets of indoor scene. The experimental results also demonstrate that our global registration method runs quickly and provides accurate reconstructions. |
7,890 | Please write an abstract with title: Microwave Phase Detector Based on Optical Frequency Translation and Downconversion, and key words: Radio frequency, RF signals, Detectors, Optical filters, Phase modulation, Frequency modulation, Optical modulation. Abstract: A new techniqueto detect the phase difference of two high-frequency RF signals is presented. It is based on downconverting the two high-frequency input RF signals into two low-frequency signals via Serrodyne optical frequency translation and optical frequency downconversion. The phase difference of the two low-frequency downconverted signals is the same as the two high-frequency input RF signal phase difference. Hence a low-cost low-frequency electronic phase detector can be used after photodetection to generate a DC voltage with a value depending on the two input RF signal phase difference. The technique is simple, novel, and innovative. It utilises the advantage of ultra-wide operating frequency range in microwave photonics and the input RF power independent phase detection characteristic in electronic phase detectors. It overcomes the limitations of the input RF signal power and frequency need to be known prior to phase detection in the reported microwave photonic based phase detectors. Experimental results demonstrate 0°-180° RF signal phase difference detection with 1° resolution and less than ±2.6° errors for different RF signal frequencies (10 GHz, 14 GHz and 18 GHz) and different RF modulation indexes (0.2, 0.4 and 0.7). Results also demonstrate the proposed phase detector has excellentrepeatability. |
7,891 | Please write an abstract with title: Disambiguation of Japanese Idiomatic Expressions Using Bias in Occurrence of Verbs, and key words: Semantics, Thesauri, Decision trees, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: Some idiomatic expressions have both an original meaning and a literal meaning. It is important in understanding the context to determine which meaning of an expression is used in a sentence. An OpenMWE corpus has been used to determine the meaning of Japanese idiomatic expressions, but methods that use this corpus are not able to determine the meaning of expressions that are not included in the corpus. The only way to solve the problem with these methods is to increase the number of corpus examples by hand, which is time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a method for determining the meaning of idiomatic expressions by using the frequency of the occurrence of verbs and their related nouns in a sentence. The system consists of two phases: a learning phase and a disambiguation phase, in which a decision tree model is constructed and used to determine whether an expression in a sentence is idiomatic or literal. We also tested a method using literal usage representation, which has been used in previous studies. Evaluation experiments show that the combination of our method and a method of previous studies had the highest F value (0.795). An advantage of this method is that it is able to determine even idiomatic expressions that are not included in the corpus. |
7,892 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparing Visual Search between Physical Environments and VR, and key words: Training, Legged locomotion, Visualization, Surgery, Virtual reality, Visual systems, User interfaces. Abstract: Virtual reality is used under the assumption that humans behave similarly in virtual reality and in physical environments. This assumption lacks extensive testing, thus risking unexpected human behavior when working with virtual reality. In the current study, we tested this assumption by comparing the performance on visual search tasks in physical environments and in virtual reality. The participants (n = 29) performed search tasks while standing still and search tasks that required walking in both physical environments and in virtual reality. We compared search speed, accuracy, workload, and cognitive absorption with Bayesian t-tests and factorial ANOVAs. Our results provide weak to moderate evidence that all are similar in virtual reality as in physical environments, even when controlling for virtual reality experience and personal innovativeness. Our findings provide some evidence for the assumption that virtual reality can simulate and replace visual search tasks in physical environments. This knowledge can be used to justify the use of virtual reality to, for example, study the human visual system, train surgeons, and remotely operate ships. We suggest further scrutiny of the underlying assumptions of virtual reality use, for example, by studying more naturalistic scenarios, the role of memory, and interaction with objects. |
7,893 | Please write an abstract with title: Understanding the Opinion Leader Effect in Online Livestreaming Technology Application Platforms, and key words: Industries, Computer science, Media, Computer networks, Electronic commerce. Abstract: With the increasing development of computer network and device technologies, live streaming becomes a new media format for various industries, such as electronic commerce. The opinion leader can record and broadcast their product recommendation in online live streaming. In this paper, we explore the effect of opinion leader features on audiences from the perspective of flow theory, in order to provide important implications for online livestreaming platforms aiming to optimize their operation mechanisms and recommendation algorithm. |
7,894 | Please write an abstract with title: Parametric studies on isolation in probe-fed dual polarized microstrip antennas, and key words: Microstrip antennas, Probes, Bandwidth, Patch antennas, Air gaps, Parametric study, Guidelines, Optical polarization, Apertures, Geometry. Abstract: Dual polarized antennas are useful for both polarization diversity and frequency reuse applications. Isolation between the ports is a critical parameter and need to be considered in the design of dual polarized antennas. Parametric studies using IE3D have been presented to observe the relationship between height of layers and isolation. This paper also presents variation of isolation with spacing between the two probes for both single and stacked patch antennas. Guidelines for designing dual polarized antennas are provided |
7,895 | Please write an abstract with title: An experimental study of electrical characteristics of mesh reflecting surface for communication satellite antenna, and key words: Electric variables, Reflector antennas, Satellite antennas, Propagation losses, Electric variables measurement, Wire, Loss measurement, Artificial satellites, Antenna measurements, Extraterrestrial measurements. Abstract: While mesh material is often used for the reflecting surface of satellite antennas because it is lightweight and elastic due to its stitched structure, little research and development have been done for the mesh reflecting surface used for the satellite antenna using the frequency such as the Ka-band. A large deployable antenna with 7-m diameter, which provides communications service in the Ka-band, was proposed by the Communications Research Laboratory of Japan, in the framework 'of the research on the Japanese Highly Elliptic Orbital satellite system called the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System. This paper describes the measurements of the electrical characteristics of the mesh reflecting surface to investigate if the mesh is suitable for the Ka-band of frequency. |
7,896 | Please write an abstract with title: Aging of paper insulation retrofilled with natural ester dielectric fluid, and key words: Aging, Dielectrics and electrical insulation, Oil insulation, Power transformer insulation, Petroleum, Steel, Copper, Aluminum, Thermal degradation, Polymers. Abstract: The aging rate of transformer insulation Kraft paper is much slower in natural ester (vegetable oil) dielectric fluid than in conventional transformer oil. This study investigates the effect that replacing transformer oil with natural ester fluid (retrofilling) has on the aging rate of thermally upgraded (65/spl deg/C rise) paper initially aged in transformer oil. Sealed steel aging vessels containing copper, aluminum, dried thermally upgraded Kraft paper, and dielectric fluid (transformer oil or natural ester) were aged at 160 and 170/spl deg/C for 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, and 3000 hours. Half of the transformer oil systems were retrofilled with natural ester fluid after initial aging times of 750 and 250 hours at 160 and 170/spl deg/C, respectively. Paper degradation after aging is determined using paper tensile strength and degree of polymerization measurements. After replacing the transformer oil with natural ester, the aging rate of the paper initially aged in transformer oil showed an abrupt change to the reduced aging rate for paper in a natural ester. |
7,897 | Please write an abstract with title: An algorithm for rough alignment of point clouds in three-dimensional space, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Iterative closest point algorithm, Computer simulation, Approximation algorithms, Information technology, Nanotechnology. Abstract: Registration of 3D point clouds consists of two steps: preliminary coarse registration and precise registration. A typical algorithm for the precise registration is the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. To obtain a suitable registration result for point clouds with quite different initial positions, a rough registration algorithm should also be used. In this presentation, we propose a geometric rough registration algorithm. For two given point clouds with arbitrary initial positions, an approximation of the orthogonal transformation between the clouds is suggested. Computer simulation results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. |
7,898 | Please write an abstract with title: Annual report for the year ended 31st December, 1936, and key words: Companies, Meetings, IEEE Student Members, Africa, Power generation, Lightning, Government. Abstract: Your Council has much pleasure in submitting the Twenty-seventh Annual Report of the Institute herewith. |
7,899 | Please write an abstract with title: Mechanism of Torque Ripple Generation by Time and Space Harmonic Magnetic Fields in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Torque, Air gaps, Magnetic fields, Rotors, Torque measurement, Synchronization. Abstract: In this article, we investigate mechanism of torque ripple generation by time and space harmonic magnetic fields in interior permanent magnet synchronous motors to obtain advanced motor designs. The general expression between the torque ripples and harmonic air-gap flux densities in the motor are derived by using Maxwell stress tensor. Then, the major harmonic components that produce the torque ripples are specified. According to this observation, the shape of the rotor surface of an interior permanent magnet motor is optimized. It is clarified that specific harmonic components of the torque ripples can be reduced to be nearly zero by optimizing the rotor surface shape. |
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