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8,800 | Please write an abstract with title: Computer Simulation System for Controlling Multiassortment Production of Sorption-catalytic Materials with Recycling of Returnable Waste, and key words: Productivity, Costs, Computational modeling, Catalysts, Process control, Production, Control systems. Abstract: The article presents the structure of a computer system for modeling the processes of obtaining sorbents and catalysts. The core of the computer system is a library of deterministic and empirical mathematical models of the key stages of production (granulating, drying, tempering, and impregnation). Based on the models, the system allows solving the problem of resource-saving control of multi-assortment production in various modes of operation: when reconfiguring to a new type of product, in the nominal mode of operation, when a defect occurs. The use of the system by management and production personnel in the mode of an adviser to the operator-technologist allows increasing productivity and quality of products, reducing defective products and returnable waste, and reducing the cost of conducting research and re-construction of flexible production. The testing of the computer system according to data of JSC Scientific Design and Technological Bureau “Kristall” (St. Petersburg) confirmed its operability. The system can be used in various industries of sorption-catalytic materials. |
8,801 | Please write an abstract with title: IoT Based Substation Monitoring & Control System Using Arduino with Data Logging, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Substations, Automation, Oil insulation, Control systems, Voltage control. Abstract: Monitoring and controlling the substations is a significant task in this period of automation to provide consumers with safe electricity. But the danger of blackouts, brownouts, and fires is rapidly increasing due to the old configuration of distribution grids (substations) and the absence of automation systems to monitor the vital conditions in substations systems. The substation includes various electronic components such as transformers, breakers, and relays. Overheating can lead to transformer fluid leakage or internal insulation breakdown problems. The old technique requires manual system checking that occurs periodically and with very little precision. Moreover, substations in urban areas are more difficult to check physically and thus take additional time to carry out related activities. We proposed a system that is low cost, user friendly, and works in auto mode to avoid labor involvement, electricity loss. The results of the system are displayed in many ways to assure that the system parameters will be monitored and controlled by more than one person because of safety and protection reasons. The uniqueness of this system is the display of results on desktop and mobile phones simultaneously. The result on the CAYENNE platform validates the performance of our proposed system in real-time monitoring, data logging, and controlling. |
8,802 | Please write an abstract with title: 1222-2003 - IEEE Standard for All-Dielectric Self-Supporting Fiber Optic Cable, and key words: Optical fiber cables, IEEE standards, Communication standards. Abstract: SUMMARY: This standard covers construction, mechanical, electrical, and optical performance, installation guidelines, acceptance criteria, test requirements, environmental considerations, and accessories for an all-dielectric, non-metallic, self-supporting fiber optic (ADSS) cable. The ADSS cable is designed to be located primarily on overhead utility facilities. This standard provides both construction and performance requirements that insure within the guidelines of the standard that the dielectric capabilities of the cable components and maintenance of optical fiber integrity and optical transmissions are proper. |
8,803 | Please write an abstract with title: Stochastic Multi-object Guidance Laws for Interception and Rendezvous Problems, and key words: Covariance matrices, Kalman filters, Target tracking, Mathematical model, Uncertainty, Noise measurement, Differential equations. Abstract: This article considers the problem of guiding an unknown number of controllable interceptors to rendezvous with the same target at the same time. It is assumed that the all of the interceptors and the target are described by linear dynamics with Gaussian noise, though the theory presented does not preclude more general models. This article extends the work of Athans to consider a scenario, where the number of interceptors is unknown and time-varying. In particular, the focus is on the development of a stochastic multiobject guidance law for simulaneous rendezvous and interception. The article is presented as an homage to Athans’ original work which was published nearly 50 years ago. |
8,804 | Please write an abstract with title: Twist-based Crouching Motion for Multi-Legged Inspection Robot, and key words: Legged locomotion, Actuators, Inspection, Mathematical model, Steel, Robots, Foot. Abstract: The monitoring and inspection of the condition of buildings, towers, or large chemical tanks have been dangerous for workers. Also, these processes can also be very costly. A wall climbing multi-legged robot can be used to tackle the problem stated. The robot has to alternatively climb and crouch to move the inspection probe close to the wall surface. The typical wall-sticking crouching motion of hexapods could not do this without an additional actuator at the foot base. This paper proposes a new crouching mechanism using the twisting action of the robot legs. The mathematical model of the twisting crouch is introduced and A prototype test has been done to confirm the validity of the proposed concept. |
8,805 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Smart Classroom: Affordable and Simple Approach to Dynamic Projection Mapping for Education, and key words: Cameras, Education, Transforms, Hardware, Sensors, Calibration, Mathematical model. Abstract: In order to transform the traditional classroom into an interactive space, we developed a projection mapping toolbox: an affordable, simple alternative to complex systems. Our system uses Python and Microsoft Kinect V2 for dynamic projection mapping (PM). We demonstrated three ways PM can be used to make Augmented Reality (AR) applications for classroom use. We projected free body diagrams onto boxes, made AR quiz tacking for teachers, and made an AR game. The goal of the projection mapping toolbox is to help students learn more efficiently and raise academic achievement. |
8,806 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning and Image Processing Combined Organization of Shirakawa’s Hand-Notated Documents on OBI Research, and key words: Image segmentation, Histograms, Image recognition, Neural networks, Organizations, Feature extraction, Bones. Abstract: The purpose of this work is to organize Professor Shirakawa’s newly discovered hand-notated documents on his Oracle Bone Inscription (OBI) research. During the second half of the 20th-century, Professor Shirakawa was a prominent researcher on Chinese culture, especially in the field of OBIs, and he left behind many research documents he had notated by hand. However, some of these documents have not been properly organized yet. The reorganization of OBIs is not only helpful for better understanding his research but also for further studying about OBIs in general and their importance in ancient Chinese history. Part of Professor Shirakawa’s hand-notated research documents on OBIs is introduced to the world for the first time in this work. For organizing these documents, Firstly, a morphology-based segmentation method is applied to segment the characters in the documents and then the paper proposes a slight neural network for removing the noise from the mis- segmented characters. Finally, a dynamic K-means method is applied for classifying the segmented characters. Specifically, the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) descriptors are extracted as features, and the class number of K is dynamically decided by using the silhouette coefficient. The results of this evaluation showed that the accuracy of noise and character classification after segmentation achieves 96.50%, and the accuracy of character classification achieves 74.91%. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
8,807 | Please write an abstract with title: InP millimeter-wave Gunn sources, and key words: Indium phosphide, III-V semiconductor materials, Tuning, Radio frequency, Epitaxial growth, Doping, Varactors. Abstract: Significant improvements in InP Gunn diode performance and manufacturing yields have been demonstrated with tighter controls over epitaxial growth and improved device processing. New InP source developments are being done with planar circuits at 35 and 94 GHz and with monolithic circuits at 35 GHz. Current limiting InP Gunn diodes are proving to be reliable designs operating over standard military operating temperatures and are also showing good room temperature operating life times. |
8,808 | Please write an abstract with title: Wideband Precoding for MIMO-OFDM Systems With Per-Antenna Power Constraints, and key words: Precoding, Wideband, Optimization, MIMO communication, Transmitting antennas, Stochastic processes, Narrowband. Abstract: This letter describes a wideband precoding design for multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems under per-antenna power constraints, wherein all subcarriers share one wideband precoder. With new insight into the objective function, we first reformulate the precoding designing as a stochastic optimization problem. Then, an algorithm based on the free probability theory is proposed to solve the stochastic optimization problem; consequently, a wideband precoder is obtained, with a computational complexity nearly equivalent to that required for a single narrowband precoder. The effectiveness of this wideband precoder is validated through simulations. |
8,809 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Pre-Filtered Three-Phase SRF-PLL for Rapid Detection of Grid Voltage Attributes, and key words: Phase locked loops, Harmonic analysis, Frequency estimation, Steady-state, Time factors, Transient response, Demodulation. Abstract: Phase-locked loops (PLLs) are often deployed in a specialized control unit of grid-connected converters (GCCs) for their control and protection purposes. Moreover, presence of DC-offset, fundamental negative sequence (FNS) component, and harmonics in the grid signal may hinder the dynamic performance of the PLLs. In this paper, a robust three-phase synchronous reference frame (SRF)-PLL algorithm has been presented. The proposed algorithm will be helpful for rapid tracking of fundamental grid voltage attributes with those including amplitude, phase, and frequency. This is achieved by employing a delayed signal cancellation (DSC) operator cascaded to a modified moving average filter based orthogonal signal generator (MAF-OSG) in the pre-filtering stage. This combination of filters improves the transient response time and demonstrate the potential performance of the scheme if fundamental positive sequence (FPS) component alone is present in the input signal. Also, an instantaneous symmetrical component method is applied to obtain FPS component which facilitates ease tuning of loop parameters. The proposed scheme is tested for nominal and off-nominal frequency conditions in MATLAB/Simulink environment. |
8,810 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of Voice Service in LEO Communication with 3GPP PUSCH Repetition Enhancement, and key words: Low earth orbit satellites, Channel estimation, Interference, Information processing, 3GPP, Channel models, Internet telephony. Abstract: In recent years, 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) has studied and developed the standards for Non-terrestrial networks (NTN). One of the newest working items for NTN is coverage enhancements. In this paper, we construct the NTN channel described in 3GPP. Moreover, we summarize the NTN channel model and current coverage enhancements. Since the scenario of NTN is very different from the traditional terrestrial network systems, we also summarize the challenges and phenomena of the NTN. To reach the high communication quality of voice over internet protocol (VoIP) service in NTN, we evaluate the performance and discuss the benefit of the PUSCH repetition technique in the NTN low Earth orbit (LEO) scenario. |
8,811 | Please write an abstract with title: Mutilevel Bipolar Back-to-Back HVDC Transmission System Based on the Dual Inverter Converter Structure with Model Predictive Control, and key words: Reactive power, HVDC transmission, Capacitors, High-voltage techniques, Inverters, Topology, Steady-state. Abstract: High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) is an attractive solution to conventional ac transmission systems, to transmit bulk electric power over long distances. Multilevel bipolar back-to-back dual inverters convey advantages to HVDC systems, at the cost of increased difficulties to control the AC currents and DC link voltage. This paper presents a control approach for a bipolar HVDC transmission system based on a dual two-level inverter topology with a multilevel structure. For both multilevel inverter AC sides a model predictive control strategy is designed to control active and reactive power, establishing AC grid currents in the sending and receiving ends. The multilevel converter also guarantees the balancing of the DC bus capacitor voltages. To test the performance and effectiveness of this proposed control strategy, several simulation studies are presented and discussed. |
8,812 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of update rate on perceived instability of virtual haptic texture, and key words: Haptic interfaces, Rendering (computer graphics), Surface texture, Psychology, Virtual environment, Laboratories, Resonance, Testing, Imaging phantoms, Force measurement. Abstract: This study investigates the effect of update rate on the perceived quality of haptic virtual textures, focusing on one type of perceived instability called "buzzing." Buzzing refers to the high-frequency noises that may emanate from a force-feedback device during haptic texture rendering. We first present a simulation of a haptic texture rendering system that explicitly models the sampled-data nature of the system. The simulation shows that a slow haptic update rate can significantly increase the high-frequency noise in the reconstructed force command sent to the haptic interface. This noise may excite the structural resonance of the haptic interface and result in a high-frequency buzzing at the interaction tool that a user holds. A subsequent psychophysical experiment, conducted over a wide range of update rate (250 Hz - 40 kHz), has confirmed the simulation results. The results show a 278% increase in the maximum stiffness (0.325 - 0.904 N/mm over the update rates tested) that could be used for rendering perceptually "clean" virtual haptic textures. These results argue for haptic update rates that are much higher than the widely-accepted value of 1 kHz. Considering that an application requiring hard surface rendering needs a stiffness value of at least 0.8 - 1.0 N/mm, we recommend a haptic update rate in the range 5-10 kHz for perceptually stable haptic texture rendering. |
8,813 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical receiver IC for CD/DVD/blue-laser application, and key words: Optical receivers, Application specific integrated circuits, Photonic integrated circuits, DVD, BiCMOS integrated circuits, Optical amplifiers, High speed optical techniques, Stimulated emission, Optical buffering, Optical sensors. Abstract: An optoelectronic receiver IC for optical data storage applications is presented. The IC was developed in a 0.5 /spl mu/m BiCMOS technology with integrated PIN-photodiodes. It includes a new architecture of high-speed and low-noise transimpedance amplifiers with a gain range of 130 /spl Omega/ to 270 k/spl Omega/ programmable with a serial interface. The bandwidth is 260 MHz for highest gain which gives a gain-bandwidth-product of 70 THz/spl Omega/ and a sensitivity improvement by a factor of 2 compared to published OEICs. The amplifiers support a special write/clip mode. The output buffers are 130 /spl Omega/ impedance matched for optimized data transmission over a flex cable. |
8,814 | Please write an abstract with title: Congestion Minimization for Service Chain Routing Problems With Path Length Considerations, and key words: Routing, Heuristic algorithms, Minimization, Network function virtualization, Resource management, IEEE transactions, Noise measurement. Abstract: Network function virtualization (NFV), with its perceived potential to accelerate service deployment and to introduce flexibility in service provisioning, has drawn a growing interest from industry and academia alike over the past few years. One of the key challenges in realizing NFV is the service chain routing problem, whereby traffic must be routed so as to traverse the various components of a network service that have been mapped onto the underlying network. In this work, we consider the online service chain routing problem. We route the service chain with the goal of jointly minimizing the maximum network congestion and the number of hops from the source to the destination. To this end, we present a simple yet effective online algorithm in which the routing decision is irrevocably made without prior knowledge of future requests. We prove that our algorithm is O(log m)-competitive in terms of congestion minimization, where m is the number of edges of the underlying network topology, and we show that this ratio is asymptotically optimal. |
8,815 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimum Sizing Strategy of Starving resistor in Buffer for Short Circuit Loss Minimization, and key words: Resistors, Buck converters, Mathematical analysis, Logic gates, SPICE, Minimization, Inverters. Abstract: This paper investigated the optimum sizing strategy of a starving resistor in a pre-driver/buffer scheme. The starving resistor is helpful in short through loss reduction of a buffer. Inside a buffer, the NMOS and PMOS of the penultimate stage inverter are driven by different time-skewed signals employing a starving resistor. The optimum size of the starving MOS w.r.t inverter's MOS is nearly fixed for standard processes. The value seven and eight have emerged as the optimum ratio in 0.35 µm and 0.18 µm processes for a standalone buffer unit. We implemented a buck converter utilizing this buffer in both 0.35 µm and 0.18 µm processes. The optimum ratio has not changed much during full-scale converter implementation. SPICE simulations and mathematical analysis validate the claim. |
8,816 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance analysis of a VoIP access architecture, and key words: Performance analysis, Internet telephony, Traffic control, Telecommunication traffic, Delay, Communication system traffic control, Quality of service, Sections, IP networks, Routing protocols. Abstract: Using a simulation model for a benchmark VoIP access architecture, we investigate the performance issues associated with mixing real-time voice and congestion-sensitive data traffic. Arbitration of shared facility is accomplished via First Come First Serve (FCFS), Strictly Priority (SP), and Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) disciplines. The performance metrics used are facility utilization, transmission delay, queuing delay and packet loss. Engineering rules for sizing the network are provided. More specifically, our results indicate that proper engineering of the queue size under the SP discipline can prevent any packet loss of voice traffic; proper setting the weights of the WFQ scheduler can control the delay for voice traffic; and increasing the queuing delay of the WFQ scheduler can improve the packet loss rate of data traffic. |
8,817 | Please write an abstract with title: Empirical Policy Evaluation With Supergraphs, and key words: Trajectory, Complexity theory, Information theory, Markov processes, Robots, Reinforcement learning, Games. Abstract: We devise algorithms for the policy evaluation problem in reinforcement learning, assuming access to a simulator and certain side information called the supergraph. Our algorithms explore backward from high-cost states to find high-value ones, in contrast to approaches that work forward from all states. While several papers have demonstrated the utility of backward exploration empirically, we conduct rigorous analyses which show that our algorithms can reduce average-case sample complexity from O(S logS) to as low as O(logS). Analytically, we adapt tools from the network science literature to provide a new methodology for reinforcement learning problems. |
8,818 | Please write an abstract with title: Parallel Implementation of the Algorithm for Solving a Partial Differential Equation with a Fractional Derivative in the Sense of Riemann-Liouville, and key words: Geometry, Fluids, Partial differential equations, Computational modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Approximation algorithms, Fractals. Abstract: The paper is devoted to the numerical solution of a two-dimensional partial differential equation with a fractional derivative in the sense of Riemann-Liouville. This equation is of great applied importance and underlies many multiphysical simulators for modeling the distribution of pollutants in the atmosphere, fluid motion in a fractured porous medium with fractal fracture geometry, and many others. A two-step implicit computational algorithm for solving the problem is proposed, which leads to the need to solve a large number of systems of linear algebraic equations with dense matrices. To solve the latter, three iterative Krylov subspace algorithms are considered, namely, generalized method of minimal residuals with restarts, quasiminimal residual method, and induced dimension reduction method. A method for organizing parallel computations using CPU threads is proposed. The proposed method is tested on a two-dimensional model problem for an equation with fractional derivatives. An equation of this type typically arises when considering non-Darcian fluid flow in a fractured porous medium with a fractal geometry of fractures. The results of calculations for different values of the fractional derivative exponent and mesh configurations are presented. It is shown that this approach is able to increase the performance of the algorithm by more than 3.6 times. |
8,819 | Please write an abstract with title: High rep-rate inductive-energy-storage pulsed power modulator using high voltage static induction thyristor, and key words: Pulse modulation, Thyristors, Switches, Acceleration, Synchrotrons, Magnetic cores, Circuits, Magnetic flux, Low voltage, Phase modulation. Abstract: A high voltage static induction thyristor (SI Thy) has two significant features. One is that carriers can be quickly pulled out of gate region without applying a high voltage to the gate. The other is that its ON-state voltage is very low. These features make the SI Thy especially suitable for a switch of high rep-rate inductive-energy-storage pulsed power modulators, since the switch can interrupt a current rapidly and energy loss by the switch in a conduction phase can be remarkably reduced. In this research, a high rep-rate inductive-energy-storage pulsed power modulator, which uses a high voltage SI Thy as an opening switch, has been designed and constructed for application to an induction synchrotron. The maximum operating frequency of the modulator is expected to be 1 MHz. The induction synchrotron accelerates bunched charged particle beams using induced electric fields, which is proportional to the time derivative of magnetic flux in a toroidal core. In order to prevent a magnetic flux of the core from saturating, it is necessary to reset the toroidal core after each acceleration pulse. Therefore, a reset circuit independent of an acceleration circuit is needed in general. However, the proposed modulator can supply both the acceleration and the reset pulses without any additional circuit and is especially suitable for an induction synchrotron accelerator. |
8,820 | Please write an abstract with title: The Advancement of Industrial LED Lighting and Its Future Applications, and key words: Pollution, Environmentally friendly manufacturing techniques, Cement industry, Lighting, Light emitting diodes, Industrial facilities, Safety. Abstract: This paper will discuss key factors to consider in designing an industrial lighting space. Key lighting technologies used in industrial facilities with special focus on light emitting diode (LED) is discussed and compared. This paper will discuss in detail attributes that needs to be considered in selecting a luminaire with emphasis on LED technology. How these attributes impact safety, sustainability, light pollution, and digitalization is discussed. A framework to consider when selecting luminaire is presented as a conclusion. |
8,821 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved ICP Algorithm for Point Cloud Registration, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Mechatronics, Conferences, Transforms, Approximation algorithms, Iterative algorithms, Robots. Abstract: In order to solve the problems that classical ICP algorithm has low registration efficiency in the process of point cloud data registration and high requirements for the initial position of point cloud, an improved point cloud registration method with ICP algorithm is proposed. A spatial registration scheme combining initial registration with accurate registration is adopted, using the FPFH algorithm to transform initial point cloud to an ideal position, which reduces the possibility of iterative nearest point algorithm falling into the optimal solution, Then, based on ICP algorithm, ISS algorithm is used to extract key points, and the search time of the nearest neighbor points is shortened by using the k-d tree structure, distance constraint and cosine constraint of normal vector angle are used to exclude wrong point pairs. By observing the experimental results we found that the running time and accuracy of the algorithm are obviously improved, which can meet the registration requirements and improve the registration efficiency. |
8,822 | Please write an abstract with title: High-dynamic-range SPIDER characterization of compressed octave-spanning continuum pulses, and key words: Pulse compression methods, Optical pulses, Pulse measurements, Frequency, Nonlinear optics, Fiber nonlinear optics, Optical interferometry, Optical pumping, Optical pulse compression, Dynamic range. Abstract: An improved SPIDER apparatus for characterization of pulses with strong spectral amplitude variations is demonstrated with sub-5-fs supercontinuum pulses. This apparatus employs double phase retrieval for an increased dynamic-range. |
8,823 | Please write an abstract with title: Travel time prediction with support vector regression, and key words: Support vector machines, Traffic control, Time series analysis, Predictive models, Neural networks, Telecommunication traffic, Data analysis, Machine intelligence, Intelligent transportation systems, Support vector machine classification. Abstract: Travel time prediction is essential for the development of advanced traveler information systems. In this paper, we apply support vector regression (SVR) for travel-time predictions and compare its results to the other baseline travel-time prediction methods using real highway traffic data. Since support vector machines have greater generalization ability and guarantee global minima for given training data, it is believed that support vector regression performs well for time series analysis. Compared to other baseline predictors, our results show that the SVR predictor can reduce significantly both relative mean errors and root mean squared errors of predicted travel times. We demonstrate the feasibility of applying SVR in travel-time prediction and prove that SVR is applicable and perform well for traffic data analysis. |
8,824 | Please write an abstract with title: Terahertz Radiation Detection Using Glow Discharge Detectors by Electrical and Optical Modes, and key words: Neon, Discharges (electric), Detectors, Geometry, Electrodes, Current measurement, Optical modulation. Abstract: Based on the phenomenon that the incident terahertz (THz) radiation can increase the discharge current and luminescent intensity of a glow discharge detector (GDD), the electrical and optical modes were used to detect the THz wave. The influence of GDD’s discharge current, orientation, size, phosphor coating, and polarization sensitivity were investigated in detail. The results show that the electron density, the receiving efficiency to THz wave and effectively collecting the output signals of GDD are important to improve the responsivity of GDD. |
8,825 | Please write an abstract with title: SAFLA: Scheduling Multiple Real-Time Periodic Task Graphs on Heterogeneous Systems, and key words: Task analysis, Program processors, Processor scheduling, Real-time systems, Optimal scheduling, Routing, Schedules. Abstract: Many modern Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) are composed of multiple independent periodically executing real-time control tasks having inter-dependent component sub-tasks. Each such control task is therefore usually represented as <i>Directed-acyclic Task Graphs</i> (DTGs). These CPSs are often distributed in nature and are quickly shifting from homogeneous to heterogeneous processing platforms in order to meet ever increasing demands for performance and energy savings, within limited resource budgets. In spite of the practical relevance of the problem in today's CPS design scenario, very few research works in literature have tried to address this due to its inherent computational as well as design complexity. This work endeavors to solve the problem of co-scheduling a set of periodic real-time applications each modelled as an independent DTG, to be executed on a distributed platform consisting of heterogeneous processors communicating using shared buses. Assuming the processing platform to be DVFS (Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling) enabled, we attempt to minimize dynamic energy dissipation associated with the execution of all DTGs over an hyperperiod $\mathcal {H}$ while ensuring that no DTG instance within $\mathcal {H}$ misses its deadline. The problem has first been formally represented as a constraint optimization problem. However, an optimal solution using standard solvers become prohibitively compute as well as memory intensive and doesn't scale even for moderate problem sizes. Hence, in this work, we attempt to develop a three-phase list-based hierarchical scheduling algorithm called <i>Slack Aware Frequency Level Allocator</i> (<i>SAFLA</i>). The efficacy of <i>SAFLA</i> has been critically evaluated through simulation using benchmark DTGs. |
8,826 | Please write an abstract with title: Compressed pattern diagnosis for scan chain failures, and key words: Integrated circuit testing, Fault diagnosis, Automatic testing, Hardware, Logic testing, Software testing, Costs, Manufacturing, Failure analysis, Scanning electron microscopy. Abstract: In scan based designs, 10%-30% defects are in scan chains. Hence scan chain fault diagnosis becomes an important process for silicon debug and yield ramp up. With embedded compression techniques getting popular, chain diagnosis on devices with the embedded compression techniques becomes a challenge. In this paper, we provide a general methodology that can be applied for performing chain diagnosis in the context of any embedded compression techniques with any existing chain diagnosis algorithms. The proposed methodology enables seamless reuse of the existing chain diagnosis infrastructure with compressed test data. Experimental results show that with compressed patterns, the chain diagnosis resolution can be enhanced up to one order of magnitude with only 25% of failure cycles collected from ATE, compared to the diagnosis results with uncompressed patterns. |
8,827 | Please write an abstract with title: Apparatus aspects of man-caused electromagnetic fields metrology when using national normative base, and key words: Electromagnetic fields, Metrology, Magnetic field measurement, Electromagnetic measurements, Electric variables measurement, Antenna measurements, Probes, Magnetic sensors, Electromagnetic radiation, Magnetic separation. Abstract: Apparatus aspects of metrology of artificial electromagnetic fields caused at workplaces and in environment by devices and facilities used in industry, transport and domestic life are analyzed in the article. Comparison of man-caused emission and permissible limits, defined by the normative documentation, and instruments for electromagnetic environment monitoring are considered. |
8,828 | Please write an abstract with title: On Performance of Two-Way Full-Duplex Communication System With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface, and key words: Signal to noise ratio, Wireless communication, Transmitting antennas, Receiving antennas, Relays, Interference cancellation, Interference. Abstract: In this paper, we apply a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to a two-way (TW) full-duplex (FD) wireless communication system, where a RIS has N reflecting elements and operates as a relay station forwarding signals between two FD terminals. To demonstrate the advantages of RIS compared with traditional relay, we also present the system and signal models of the TW-FD amplify-and-forward relay (AFR) system. We mathematically analyze the performance of the TW-FD-RIS system by deriving the exact closed-form expressions of the average outage probability (AOP) and the average symbol error rate (ASER) in the case N=1, and approximate expressions of the AOP and the ASER in the case N ≥ 2. Besides, we provide the exact closed-form expression of the AOP and approximate expression of the ASER of the TW-FD-AFR system. Monte-Carlo simulations validate all derived mathematical expressions. Numerical results demonstrate that using the RIS greatly improves the TW-FD communication system's performance compared with using amplify-and-forward (AF) relay. Specifically, even the RIS with one element ( N=1), the AOP and ASER of the TW-FD-RIS system are still lower than those of the TW-FD-AFR system in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. However, in the high SNR regime, the AOP and ASER of the TW-FD-RIS system are higher. In the case N ≥ 2, the AOP and ASER of the TW-FD-RIS system are significantly reduced. On the other hand, the impact of residual self-interference (SI) due to FD transmission mode on the performance of TW-FD-RIS and TW-FD-AFR systems is remarkable, making the AOP and ASER of these two systems reach the error floor in the high SNR regime. Fortunately, the usage of RIS with N ≥ 2 can greatly reduce this impact and avoid the error floor for the TW-FD-RIS system. |
8,829 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Modular XRAM-Like Inductive High- Current Pulse Generator Circuit Topology, and key words: Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Pulse generation, Circuit topology, Capacitors, Switches, Discharges (electric), Pulse transformers. Abstract: XRAM (MARX spelt back words) is currently a very important circuit for high current pulse generators. In our previous studies, an XRAM-like circuit was proposed based on multiple pulse transformer modules and a capacitor connected in parallel. Compared with the traditional XRAM circuit, the same number of inductive energy storage modules can be used to generate higher current pulses. This circuit is also capable to recover the residual energy and generate repetitive high-current pulses. However, this circuit topology requires more power electronic switches (three IGBT switches per pulse transformer module). In order to reduce the number of switches, by adding two IGBT switches in the capacitor module, a new modular XRAM-like circuit with reduced switches (one IGBT switch per pulse transformer module) is proposed in this paper. The change of the circuit topology makes the capacitor discharge the primary inductors of the pulse transformer in series during the residual energy recovery stage, instead of the parallel discharge in the previous circuit. This requires the closing time of the IGBT switch in each pulse transformer module ahead of the discharge start time of the capacitor. Working process of the proposed circuit was described in detail and simulations of a 12-module circuit were carried out to verify the circuit operation. Finally, the preliminary experimental results of a two-module laboratory prototype are presented. The results confirm the theoretical analysis and show the validity of the converter scheme. |
8,830 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D Simple Monte Carlo Statistical Model for GaAs Nanowire Single Photon Avalanche Diode, and key words: Gallium arsenide, Single-photon avalanche diodes, Semiconductor process modeling, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Scattering, Phonons. Abstract: GaAs based nanowire single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) has been demonstrated with extremely small afterpulsing probability and low dark count rate, and hence it has attracted wide attention for the near infrared applications. However, there is a lack of model to accurately evaluate the avalanche breakdown performance in nanowire SPAD with a spatially non-uniform electric field. In this work, we have developed a three-dimensional (3D) Simple Monte Carlo statistical model for GaAs nanowire SPADs. Model validation includes ionisation coefficients of GaAs and avalanche gain in GaAs nanowire avalanche photodiode. We also apply our model to predict the device performances of breakdown probability, mean time to breakdown and timing jitter, which are essential parameters for SPAD design. Simulating a PN junction GaAs nanowire SPAD design using our model, we found that device performances have little dependence on the primary carrier injection type, but the nanowire doping concentration requires optimization for high performance SPAD design and operation. |
8,831 | Please write an abstract with title: Benthic Resources Assessment Technique, a Method for Quantifying the Effects of Benthic Community Changes on Fish Resources, and key words: Marine animals, Sediments, Surface morphology, Monitoring, Sea measurements, Data engineering, Size measurement, Data analysis, Information analysis, Biomass. Abstract: Preoperational baseline characterizations and postoperational monitoring strategies associated with dredged material disposal in the coastal zone commonly document changes in sediment and benthic invertebrate communities inhabiting those sediments. The U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station is developing and field-testing a technique that uses benthic invertebrate community data to make quantitative statements about the feeding habitat value to fish of natural bottoms and bottoms modified by dredged material disposal or other activities influencing substrate quality. The technique, called Benthic Resources Assessment Technique (BRAT), employs two different types of information from a project area. A list of the bottom-feeding fishes inhabiting a project area is used to select the benthic resources important to an impact assessment. As the first step, observations and measurements of the morphology of specimens of these species are carried through a data reduction and analysis sequence that assigns each fish to a feeding strategy class or guild that appears to correlate with potential prey size and a prey's location (depth) below the sediment surface. The second step involves the analysis of information from a benthic macroinfaunal invertebrate community survey. The BRAT then classifies the invertebrate taxa according to their size and the distribution of their biomass relative to the sediment surface. Estimates of standing crop complement this classification scheme. When combined, the two types of information provide an estimate of the potential prey biomss (grams/ meter squared) or energy (kilocalories/meter squared) available to the fish in a particular feeding guild. This technique facilitates the development of a quantitative impact statement using data on changes in the benthos related to project activities. Additionally it allows quantitative comparison to be made between areas being considered for disposal and/or other modification during project planning and uses a measure with social significance (i.e., the potential productivity of the demersal fishery). |
8,832 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of gyrotron-based technological systems at Gycom/IAP, and key words: Gyrotrons, Voltage, Oscillators, Frequency, Materials processing, Applicators, Power supplies, Power generation, Physics, Ceramics. Abstract: The line of gyro-device systems produced jointly by Gycom and IAP for millimetre-wave processing of materials has been extended by two new setups. The general description and major technical specifications of a 5 kW 24.1 GHz gyrotron-based system and a dual-frequency system exploiting a 15 kW 28 GHz gyrotron and a 2.5 kW 24.1 GHz gyro-backward-wave oscillator (BWO) frequency tuneable in the range of /spl plusmn/0.5 GHz are presented. |
8,833 | Please write an abstract with title: An under-sampling technique for imbalanced data classification based on DBSCAN algorithm, and key words: Training, Flowcharts, Clustering algorithms, Training data, Classification algorithms, Intelligent systems. Abstract: In the classification problem, the classification accuracy will be influenced by the training data significantly. However, data sets distribution in real-world applications, is mostly imbalanced. Imbalanced data sets mean that most of the samples are in one class named the majority class, whereas the other class named the minority class has little samples. In these situations, most of the classifiers confront the problem, because they designed to classify samples that are distributed between classes equally. Therefore, selecting a suitable training set is an essential step in the domain of imbalanced data classification. In this paper, a novel and effective under-sampling technique is presented to select the suitable samples of majority class using the well-known DBSCAN algorithm. According to this algorithm, the most appropriate samples from the majority class are selected, and other majority class samples will be removed to balance the training set. Experimental results over fifteen imbalanced data sets demonstrate the supremacy of the proposed method compared with six other preprocessing methods. |
8,834 | Please write an abstract with title: A Study on Ontology Based Semantic Information Classification for Epileptic Seizure Using Optimal Fuzzy System, and key words: Electroencephalography, Ontologies, Machine learning, Diseases, Feature extraction, Semantics, Telemedicine. Abstract: An Epileptic seizure is an unpredicted medical situation defined with an inter-connected motion of sensory organs, which occurred with an interval of time of existence. The recordings are mapped using Electroencephalogram (EEG) on a larger research. Various approaches have been proposed to diagnose and retrieve the causes and pre-occurrence scenarios for the last decade. In this paper, various approaches and defined terminologies to detect, predict, and analyze ES is discussed with an ideal solution of discussion using semantic information classification based ES detection using machine learning terminology. |
8,835 | Please write an abstract with title: A Virtual Network Mapping Method Based on Power Service Delay Sensitivity and Service Reliability, and key words: Wireless communication, Sensitivity, 5G mobile communication, Simulation, Signal processing, Delays, Topology. Abstract: As one of the new features and key technologies of 5G, network slicing (NS) is composed of a set of virtual network function (VNF) instances, which can realize the flexible sharing and on-demand distribution of physical resources. The deployment of NS is a typical virtual network embedded (VNE) question. This paper sorts service requests based on delay sensitivity and attribute parameters to shorten virtual network requests. Then, the topology attributes and the importance of neighboring nodes are used as the sorting parameters to sort the nodes to avoid the unbalanced link load after the mapping. Finally, at the link mapping layer, a link mapping model based on multiple constraints is established. The simulation results show that the proposed method guarantees the delay and reliability requirements of power services, and at the same time effectively improves the success rate of virtual mapping. |
8,836 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Optimization of the Implicit Broadcasts in FPGA HLS to Improve Maximum Frequency, and key words: Frequency synthesizers, Design automation, Pipelines, Manuals, Frequency diversity, Delays, Synchronization. Abstract: Designs generated by high-level synthesis (HLS) tools typically achieve a lower frequency compared to manual RTL designs. In this work, we study the timing issues in a diverse set of realistic and complex FPGA HLS designs. (1) We observe that in almost all cases the frequency degradation is caused by the broadcast structures generated by the HLS compiler. (2) We classify three major types of broadcasts in HLS-generated designs, including high-fanout data signals, pipeline flow control signals and synchronization signals for concurrent modules. (3) We reveal a number of limitations of the current HLS tools that result in those broadcast-related timing issues. (4) We propose a set of effective yet easy-to-implement approaches, including broadcast-aware scheduling, synchronization pruning, and skid-buffer-based flow control. Our experimental results show that our methods can improve the maximum frequency of a set of nine representative HLS benchmarks by 53% on average. In some cases, the frequency gain is more than 100 MHz. |
8,837 | Please write an abstract with title: Basketball Footwork Recognition using Smart Insoles Integrated with Multiple Sensors, and key words: Support vector machines, Training, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Feature extraction, Sensor systems, Classification algorithms, Intelligent sensors. Abstract: In the basketball training, statistical data of basketball footwork can be used to improve training level. However, most basketball motion recognition systems are with high cost, and the recognition of footwork is often overlooked. In this paper, we propose a system to recognize basketball footwork using smart insoles. The system collects data through the three-axis accelerometer and three-axis angular velocity meter embedded in smart insoles. Then, five kinds of basic basketball footwork such as sideslip step, back step, cross step, jab step and jump step can be recognized. In this paper, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are used for footwork recognition. The experimental results show that the proposed system can recognize five kinds of basketball footwork effectively. |
8,838 | Please write an abstract with title: Varying complexity in tree-structured image distribution models, and key words: Hidden Markov models, Tree graphs, Hip, Statistical analysis, Statistical distributions, Image analysis, Computational modeling, Gaussian distribution, Wavelet coefficients, Image coding. Abstract: Probabilistic models of image statistics underlie many approaches in image analysis and processing. An important class of such models have variables whose dependency graph is a tree. If the hidden variables take values on a finite set, most computations with the model can be performed exactly, including the likelihood calculation, training with the EM algorithm, etc. Crouse et al. developed one such model, the hidden Markov tree ( HMT). They took particular care to limit the complexity of their model. We argue that it is beneficial to allow more complex tree-structured models, describe the use of information theoretic penalties to choose the model complexity, and present experimental results to support these proposals. For these experiments, we use what we call the hierarchical image probability (HIP) model. The differences between the HIP and the HMT models include the use of multivariate Gaussians to model the distributions of local vectors of wavelet coefficients and the use of different numbers of hidden states at each resolution. We demonstrate the broad utility of image distributions by applying the HIP model to classification, synthesis, and compression, across a variety of image types, namely, electrooptical, synthetic aperture radar, and mammograms (digitized X-rays). In all cases, we compare with the HMT. |
8,839 | Please write an abstract with title: Role of flexibility in achieving a decarbonized Nordic energy system by 2050, and key words: Wind energy generation, Renewable energy sources, Wind, Wind energy, Europe, Low-carbon economy, Wind power generation. Abstract: Carbon neutrality targets are driving demand for new renewable energy generation, which in turn increases demand for flexibility resources. This paper studies the demand for and role of flexibility in two decarbonization pathways for Finland. In both pathways, highly electrified energy systems reach carbon neutrality by 2035 and full decarbonization by 2050. The high share of wind energy in the scenarios is supported by demand-side flexibility, short-term supply-side flexibility from batteries, and long-term supply-side flexibility from power-to-gas-to-power generation. Based on the results, full decarbonization is possible and carbon neutrality can be enabled by electrification, carbon neutral energy generation, and flexibility resources. |
8,840 | Please write an abstract with title: Feature Integration-Based Training for Cross-Domain Hyperspectral Image Classification, and key words: Training, Geoscience and remote sensing, Feature extraction, Data mining, Hyperspectral imaging, Image classification. Abstract: One difficulty in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is that there are limited labeled examples to train a classifier. In practice, we often encounter an HSI with limited labels, while another HSI contains enough labels. Domain adaptation (DA) tries to use labeled auxiliary classes data in the second domain (i.e. source domain) to help classify classes in the first domain (i.e. target domain). The categories of source and target domains are not necessarily the same. However, the existing methods do not fully consider the conflict of data distribution between the two domains. To solve the challenge, this paper proposes a feature integration-based deep cross-domain fewshot learning (DCFSL-FI) method. Specifically, the information of source domain and target domain are integrated at the feature level, and the integrated data are used in the training process of FSL and DA at the same time, in an attempt to reduce the conflicts of data distribution and extract the common and discriminative information of the two domains. Experiments on three real datasets confirm the effectiveness of our method. |
8,841 | Please write an abstract with title: Practical Strategies for Extreme Missing Data Imputation in Dementia Diagnosis, and key words: Data models, Training, Computational modeling, Alzheimer's disease, Feature extraction, Testing, Medical diagnostic imaging. Abstract: Accurate computational models for clinical decision support systems require clean and reliable data but, in clinical practice, data are often incomplete. Hence, missing data could arise not only from training datasets but also test datasets which could consist of a single undiagnosed case, an individual. This work addresses the problem of extreme missingness in both training and test data by evaluating multiple imputation and classification workflows based on both diagnostic classification accuracy and computational cost. Extreme missingness is defined as having ∼50% of the total data missing in more than half the data features. In particular, we focus on dementia diagnosis due to long time delays, high variability, high attrition rates and lack of practical data imputation strategies in its diagnostic pathway. We identified and replicated the extreme missingness structure of data from a real-world memory clinic on a larger open dataset, with the original complete data acting as ground truth. Overall, we found that computational cost, but not accuracy, varies widely for various imputation and classification approaches. Particularly, we found that iterative imputation on the training dataset combined with a reduced-feature classification model provides the best approach, in terms of speed and accuracy. Taken together, this work has elucidated important factors to be considered when developing a predictive model for a dementia diagnostic support system. |
8,842 | Please write an abstract with title: An adaptive negotiation framework for agent based dynamic manufacturing scheduling, and key words: Job shop scheduling, Dynamic scheduling, Processor scheduling, Computer aided manufacturing, Environmental economics, Microeconomics, Computer integrated manufacturing, Pulp manufacturing, Virtual manufacturing, Autonomous agents. Abstract: Manufacturing scheduling problems, especially in a dynamic, uncertain environment, belong to the NP-hard class. Agent based approach has been considered as a promising solution to these types of problems. However, it brings in another challenge which is how to make those costly negotiation processes among agents effective. This paper addresses this problem by proposing an Adaptive Negotiation Framework which models the dynamic nature of agent based manufacturing scheduling at negotiation level explicitly. The main contributions of this paper include: (1) an Agent-Based Adaptive Negotiation Framework for manufacturing scheduling, (2) selection heuristics of multiple economically inspired negotiation models, (3) the integration of adaptive negotiation heuristics, economic models and the Coordinated Intelligent Rational agent architecture. |
8,843 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast Changeset-based Bug Localization with BERT, and key words: Location awareness, Codes, Computer bugs, Bit error rate, Semantics, Computer architecture, Transformers. Abstract: Automatically localizing software bugs to the changesets that induced them has the potential to improve software developer efficiency and to positively affect software quality. To facilitate this automation, a bug report has to be effectively matched with source code changes, even when a significant lexical gap exists between natural language used to describe the bug and identifier naming practices used by developers. To bridge this gap, we need techniques that are able to capture software engineering-specific and project-specific semantics in order to detect relatedness between the two types of documents that goes beyond exact term matching. Popular transformer-based deep learning architectures, such as BERT, excel at leveraging contextual information, hence appear to be a suitable candidate for the task. However, BERT-like models are computationally expensive, which precludes them from being used in an environment where response time is important. In this paper, we describe how BERT can be made fast enough to be applicable to changeset-based bug localization. We also explore several design decisions in using BERT for this purpose, including how best to encode changesets and how to match bug reports to individual changes for improved accuracy. We compare the accuracy and performance of our model to a non-contextual baseline (i.e., vector space model) and BERT-based architectures previously used in software engineering. Our evaluation results demonstrate advantages in using the proposed BERT model compared to the baselines, especially for bug reports that lack any hints about related code elements. |
8,844 | Please write an abstract with title: Mutual-Information-Based Sensor Placement for Spatial Sound Field Recording, and key words: Sensor placement, Signal processing algorithms, Numerical simulation, Numerical models, Mathematical model, Kernel, Mutual information. Abstract: A sensor (microphone) placement method based on mutual information for spatial sound field recording is proposed. The sound field recording methods using distributed sensors enable the estimation of the sound field inside a target region of arbitrary shape; however, it is a difficult task to find the best placement of sensors. We focus on the mutual-information-based sensor placement method in which spatial phenomena are modeled as a Gaussian process (GP). We propose the use of the sound-field-interpolation kernel for the covariance of measurements in a GP model to obtain the sensor placement suitable for sound field recording. We also extend the method to treat broadband signals and derive an efficient algorithm based on block matrix inversion. Numerical simulation results indicated that the proposed method achieves accurate sound field estimation compared with a method using the generally used Gaussian kernel. |
8,845 | Please write an abstract with title: A Power Rerouting Strategy in Electrical Microgrids Under Power Electronics Faults, and key words: Lead acid batteries, Fault tolerant systems, Redundancy, Microgrids, Switches, Control systems, Inverters. Abstract: This paper presents a system-level fault tolerant method for microgrid inverters. It is applied by adding a controlled bidirectional switch between parallel inverters to allow for rerouting power during faults. The method is simulated and verified on PV inverters as well as grid-interfaced batteries. Results show that it is possible to recover significant amounts of curtailed power lost from distributed energy resources when their power electronics interfaces suffer from faults. |
8,846 | Please write an abstract with title: A Wide Range Sonar System for Oceanic Investigations, and key words: Frequency, Sea measurements, Noise level, Backscatter, Dynamic range, Acoustic scattering, Particle scattering, Oceans, Event detection, Acoustic signal detection. Abstract: A modular, multi-channel sonar system capable of operation over the range from less than ten kilohertz to over one megahertz is described. The system features large dynamic range, low electronic noise level, variable output power to over one kilowatt and digital control of transmit and receive frequency. Capable of operation with a wide variety of transducers with only matching network changes, the system has found especial utility in acoustic studies of midwater scattering and mixing phenomena in both coastal and open ocean environments. Data is shown typical of the phenomena amenable to acoustic examination with the system. Waste dump dispersion, internal waves, shear instabilities and particulate transport observations are shown. |
8,847 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantitative analysis of diffraction-limited three-dimensional single secretory vesicle tracking in live neuroendocrine cells, and key words: Diffraction, Particle tracking, Fluorescence, Gaussian processes, Microscopy, Cells (biology), Biochemistry, Optical transmitters, Image resolution, Monitoring. Abstract: Neuroendocrine cells release hormones and transmitters by regulated exocytosis of secretory vesicles. Three-dimensional (3D) tracking of single secretory vesicles throughout live whole cells is crucial for understanding the intracellular trafficking of secretory vesicles. But one notable problem with 3D particle tracking is that the lateral and axial resolution is not equivalent for 3D live-cell images, which is attributed to the diffraction limit inherent to the microscope. How the performance of particle tracking is affected by diffraction-limited images is still unclear. Here we show, employing both centroid and Gaussian-fit tracking algorithm to monitor sub-pixel positions of single fluorescent particles, that the performance of three-dimensional single particle tracking is nonisotropic. The efficacy of the particle tracking in the axial direction is much lower than that in the lateral direction. Gaussian-fit tracking algorithm provides better performance in the axial direction at low signal-to-noise levels around or below 10. Using neuroendocrine cell line PC12, we illustrate the feasibility of Gaussian-fit algorithm to follow the mobility of single secretory vesicles in all three dimensions. |
8,848 | Please write an abstract with title: An integrated GIS and micro-simulation system for dynamic routing, and key words: Geographic Information Systems, Routing, Traffic control, Telecommunication traffic, Analytical models, Energy management, Power system management, Intelligent transportation systems, Performance analysis, Microscopy. Abstract: Traditionally, GIS can only perform route analysis in a static transportation network. This is probably due to the lack of real-time traffic information and corresponding simulation functionalities. The introduction of a traffic simulation environment, however, provides an opportunity for GIS to sort out this problem. This paper explores how to conduct route analyses in dynamic transportation networks by coupling a microscopic traffic simulation engine (i.e. PARAMICS) with a GIS environment (i.e. MapObjects). An interface for such coupling has been developed, in which PARAMICS simulates the traffic conditions with consideration of incidents and feeds in the dynamic link travel time to the system. With the aid of dynamic path finding algorithms the integrated system can implement routing according to users' requirement. It shows that the integration of traffic simulation system with GIS offers a powerful tool for traffic data management, dynamic analysis and presentation, which in turn supports intelligent transportation planning and management effectively. |
8,849 | Please write an abstract with title: Semi-supervised 3D Object Detection via Temporal Graph Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Point cloud compression, Three-dimensional displays, Smoothing methods, Detectors, Object detection, Semisupervised learning. Abstract: 3D object detection plays an important role in autonomous driving and other robotics applications. However, these detectors usually require training on large amounts of annotated data that is expensive and time-consuming to collect. Instead, we propose leveraging large amounts of unlabeled point cloud videos by semi-supervised learning of 3D object detectors via temporal graph neural networks. Our insight is that temporal smoothing can create more accurate detection results on unlabeled data, and these smoothed detections can then be used to retrain the detector. We learn to perform this temporal reasoning with a graph neural network, where edges represent the relationship between candidate detections in different time frames. After semi-supervised learning, our method achieves state-of-the-art detection performance on the challenging nuScenes [3] and H3D [19] benchmarks, compared to baselines trained on the same amount of labeled data. Project and code are released at https://www.jianrenw.com/SOD-TGNN/. |
8,850 | Please write an abstract with title: Lightweight Generative Network for Image Inpainting Using Feature Contrast Enhancement, and key words: Convolutional neural networksa, Generators, Computer architecture, Generative adversarial networks, Image color analysis, Decoding, Feature extraction, Error analysis. Abstract: With the help of the convolutional neural network (CNN) and generative adversarial network (GAN), image inpainting has achieved remarkable advances in performance. However, there are still some bottleneck problems to be solved, such as unnatural colors and heavy-weight network. In this paper, we propose a lightweight generative network for image inpainting using feature contrast enhancement. We achieve feature contrast enhancement based on dilated convolution and channel attention. Dilated convolution enlarges the receptive field of the convolution kernel with the same number of parameters, while channel attention successfully enhances feature contrast using adaptive weights. For loss function, we utilize color enhancement and symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) losses to achieve image completion with high quality and natural color instead of the reconstruction losses. The proposed network needs only 4.5M parameters for image inpainting. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art ones in terms of visual quality and quantitative measurements. |
8,851 | Please write an abstract with title: How Developers and Managers Define and Trade Productivity for Quality, and key words: Productivity, Companies, Software quality, Writing, Extraterrestrial measurements, Robustness, Velocity measurement. Abstract: Background: Developer productivity and software quality are different but related multi-dimensional lenses into the software engineering process. The terms are used liberally in industry settings, but there is a lack of consensus and awareness of what these terms mean in specific contexts and which trade-offs should be considered. Objective & Method: Through an exploratory survey study with developers and managers at Microsoft, we investigated how these cohorts define productivity and quality, how aligned they are in their views, how aware they are of other views, and if and how they trade quality for productivity. Results: We find developers and managers, as cohorts, are not well-aligned in their views of productivity–developers think more about work activities, while more managers consider performance or quality outcomes. We find developers and managers have more aligned views of what quality means, with the majority defining quality in terms of robustness, while the timely delivery of evolvable features that delight users are also key quality aspects. Over half of the developers and managers we surveyed make productivity and quality trade-offs but with good reasons for doing so. Conclusion: Alignment on how developers and managers define productivity and quality is essential if they are to design effective improvement interventions and meaningful metrics to measure productivity and quality improvements. Our research provides a frame for developers and managers to align their views and to make informed decisions on productivity and quality trade-offs. |
8,852 | Please write an abstract with title: Second-Order Coupled Clustering Systems Consensus via Small-World Network Pinning Control, and key words: Couplings, Regulators, Network topology, Optimal control, Consensus control, Numerical simulation, Topology. Abstract: This paper studies consensus control of second-order inter-coupled clustering systems based on the interactive topology of small-world network modeling. By means of pinning control, an improved control strategy is proposed: select the pinning nodes with respect to the node-degree indices, optimize the control actions by the linear quadratic regulator theory to control the motion state of the pinning nodes, and the other nodes follow their pinning-controlled nodes directly or indirectly in terms of the coupling weight, so as to achieve consensus among the nodes position and velocity. The pinning input is obtained by linear quadratic regulator (LQR). Numerical simulations are included, through which the relationships between small-world network parameters and convergence speed are observed and verified. |
8,853 | Please write an abstract with title: Video Channel Suppression Method of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, and key words: Cooling, Organic light emitting diodes, Autonomous aerial vehicles, Distortion, Noise generators, Nanotechnology. Abstract: For this paper, a noise generator based on the ADF435x board was developed and a spectrum analyzer based on Pololu Wixel with OLED. A simple Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) DJI Tello was used as a test bench, which operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency range. The problem of cooling the stationary UAV was constructively solved during the creation of the experimental model. The study results show that the influence of an external noise generator can lead to significant image distortions, which can lead to piloting errors. And after the limit value of 7.33%, the video signal transmission is stopped, and the control signals may be partially lost. |
8,854 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of UV Curable Wafer Back Side Protection-Film for Wafer Level Chip Size Package, and key words: Band-pass filters, Productivity, Heating systems, Temperature sensors, Sealing materials, Sensitivity, Semiconductor device reliability. Abstract: Mobile communications packages are expected to become increasingly functional, thinner, and lighter. One of these package designs, WLCSP (Wafer Level Chip Size Package), is an excellent small, thin, and light weight package with electrical connections. However, the miniaturized WLCSPs are thin and brittle, so there is risk of damage during processing. Wafer back side protection-film (BPF) is used to mitigate handling damage, chipping during dicing, and increased package strength. Since the BPF requires a thermosetting process for several hours at $100 ^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ or higher like other resin sealants, there are some issues, such as reduction of productivity, thermal damage to the package, warpage of the wafer, and the like. In this paper we describe a new process using an UV curable BPF that eliminates the heat curing process and still provides the advantages of the UV curing process. As a result, we have developed UV curable BPF and applied it to this new process, confirming that productivity is improved and thermal damage to the package is reduced. This process is expected to increase productivity, improve package reliability, and enable new devices that would otherwise be difficult to manufacture due to their sensitivity to thermal damage. |
8,855 | Please write an abstract with title: Microprocessor Architecture for Discrete Manufacturing Control, Part III: System Architecture, and key words: Microprocessors, Manufacturing, Control systems, Central Processing Unit, Computer architecture, Random access memory, Read-write memory, Registers, Read only memory, Space technology. Abstract: A design for a Level (1) control computer, is presented. The objective is to define a system which meets the requirements of the control environment set forth in an earlier paper. The areas which are discussed are the input system, the output system, the memory system, and the central processing unit. |
8,856 | Please write an abstract with title: “Special purpose industrial motors”, and key words: Induction motors, Synchronous motors, Standards, High frequency, Temperature distribution, Steel, Regulators. Abstract: It is intended to describe and illustrate by slides examples of special purpose electric motors used in large numbers in modern industrial processes. Individually designed special purpose motors such as for electric winders are outside the scope of the present paper. All the types mentioned are a regular production of the manufacturers on a quantity basis. |
8,857 | Please write an abstract with title: Using Convolutional Neural Networks to Analyze X-Ray Radiographs for Multi-Label Classifications of Thoracic Diseases, and key words: Diseases, Hidden Markov models, Lung, Machine learning, Biomedical imaging, Neural networks. Abstract: Currently, it takes approximately 6 to 8 weeks from the initial doctor's examination to diagnose lung disease. This could potentially lead to the patient's condition worsening, the disease becoming unmanageable, or may lead to the patient's death. In order to aid doctors in the accurate and more timely diagnosis of their patients, we propose the use of convolutional neural networks for computer-aided diagnosis. Our application uses image recognition to identify the traits of various diseases in radiographs to successfully diagnose a patient. This is done through training a CNN with a dataset of 112,120 images of lung diseases. The model was tested with a resulting validation accuracy of 93 percent. The application will benefit patients suffering from these illnesses as it is time-efficient, cost-effective, and more accurate than manual diagnosis. |
8,858 | Please write an abstract with title: Graph-structural Modeling: Cluster Approach, and key words: Automation, Nonhomogeneous media, Control systems, Mathematical models, Energy efficiency. Abstract: It is shown on simple examples that in graph clustering using the notion of hypergraph is more natural and correct that using the notion of usual graph; thus the characteristic matrix of a graph clustering is in fact the incidence matrix of suitable hypergraph. It is shown as well how graph clustering is reflected on matrix characteristics. Connection with multilayer network is considered as one of the examples. |
8,859 | Please write an abstract with title: Demonstration of manufacturable free-space modules for multi-channel intra-chip optical interconnects, and key words: Manufacturing, Optical interconnections, Optical crosstalk, Optical arrays, Wire, Field programmable gate arrays, Delay, Lenses, Detectors, Stimulated emission. Abstract: We investigate the combination of a replicated plastic optical micro-component with an opto-electronic field programmable gate array for multi-channel intra-chip interconnects. Multichannel operation at 10 Mbit/s per channel has been demonstrated. |
8,860 | Please write an abstract with title: CoPEM: Cooperative Perception Error Models for Autonomous Driving, and key words: Uncertainty, Computational modeling, Web and internet services, Sensors, Safety, Behavioral sciences, Vehicle-to-everything. Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the notion of Cooperative Perception Error Models (coPEMs) towards achieving an effective and efficient integration of V2X solutions within a virtual test environment. We focus our analysis on the occlusion problem in the (onboard) perception of Autonomous Vehicles (AV), which can manifest as misdetection errors on the occluded objects. Cooperative perception (CP) solutions based on Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications aim to avoid such issues by cooperatively leveraging additional points of view for the world around the AV. This approach usually requires many sensors, mainly cameras and LiDARs, to be deployed simultaneously in the environment either as part of the road infrastructure or on other traffic vehicles. However, implementing a large number of sensor models in a virtual simulation pipeline is often prohibitively computationally expensive. Therefore, in this paper, we rely on extending Perception Error Models (PEMs) to efficiently implement such cooperative perception solutions along with the errors and uncertainties associated with them. We demonstrate the approach by comparing the safety achievable by an AV challenged with a traffic scenario where occlusion is the primary cause of a potential collision. |
8,861 | Please write an abstract with title: A multi-target tracking platform for zebrafish based on deep neural network, and key words: Feature extraction, Videos, Tracking, Trajectory, Biology, Kernel, Image segmentation. Abstract: Zebrafish has been widely used in the field of biological behavior, for it is an excellent model organism. Many valuable biological data can be obtained by analyzing the behavioral characteristics of zebrafish. A large amount of data will be generated when studying the behavior of zebrafish. The current artificial statistical methods are inefficient and unpractical. Therefore, it is of great importance to get access to track the behavior of zebrafish automatically and accurately through software. We have proposed a zebrafish multi-target tracking algorithm based on deep convolution neural network to identify the location of multi-zebrafish with high tracking accuracy and speed. The tracking algorithm performs well in different videos with various numbers and sizes of zebrafish. It can greatly improve the efficiency of biological behavioral experiments. |
8,862 | Please write an abstract with title: High speed, high switching contrast quantum well saturable absorber for 160 Gbit/s operation, and key words: Nonlinear optics, Optical films, Optical saturation, Absorption, Mirrors, Delay, Microcavities, Optical pumping, Indium phosphide, Radiative recombination. Abstract: We report on a novel quantum well saturable absorber device whose measured response time of 1.5 psec and contrast of at least 4 dB make it suitable for all-optical extinction ratio enhancement at 160 Gbit/s. |
8,863 | Please write an abstract with title: L-band VV clutter analysis for natural land, and key words: L-band, Radar cross section, Radar clutter, Sea surface, Surface topography, Backscatter, Doppler radar, Land surface, Frequency, Radar antennas. Abstract: Land clutter is statistical by nature, and its values vary in many dimensions. This paper analyzes L-band VV polarized land clutter characteristics acquired by the NASA JPL AirSAR system. In particular, this paper mainly concentrates on the distribution of clutter values with respect to grazing angle for typical vegetation communities in the Northern Territory region in Australia. |
8,864 | Please write an abstract with title: Certain Investigations on Cognitive based Movie Recommendation system using Pairwise Cosine Similarity, and key words: Recommender system, Cosine similarity Content-based filtering, Python. Abstract: The Internet serves as a major source in various sectors to communicate and share data. It is being used by every individual across the world for several purposes. The main objective of the recommender system is to provide users with suitable products and information. The movie recommendation system also helps in providing customized decisions to the user, thus improving the experience of customer or user. Content-based filtering manipulates item attributes to suggest other items that are relevant to user likes, this suggestion is made using past actions of customers or users. Cosine Similarity is an evaluation metric that helps in finding how similar the items are regardless of their dimensions. The proposed study, furnish users with suggestions that rest on the prevalence and category of a movie. Content based recommendation system is built using cosine similarity. The movie recommendation system has its separate algorithms for making suggestions by examining users’ past data. Many attributes are considered like rating of each movie, name of the director and genre of the film. The system make recommendation by considering one attribute or mixture of attributes. For the proposed system, two different datasets used namely, the credits dataset and the movie dataset. The analysis of data is done with help of Python. |
8,865 | Please write an abstract with title: An Adaptive Droop Control Scheme Based on Sliding Mode Control for Parallel Buck Converters in Low-Voltage DC Microgrids, and key words: Adaptation models, Low voltage, PI control, Buck converters, Microgrids, Robustness, Mathematical model. Abstract: Droop control is a widely used method in DC microgrid to solve the problem of the current sharing errors. However, it is difficult to trade off the current sharing errors and bus voltage deviation in parallel converters microgrids. This paper designs an improved droop control scheme based on adaptive droop control and sliding mode control (SMC). The droop coefficient is adjusted adaptively by proportional integral (PI) control loop to minimize the current sharing errors and the bus voltage deviation is compensated adaptively by another PI control loop, through the acquisition of the bus voltage and current. Moreover, the SMC is used to control the output voltage of each converter instantaneously. Finally, a simulation model of three parallel buck converters is built based on MATLAB/Simulink, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed scheme in this paper. This scheme only needs power lines to transmit data, which reduces the communication burden. It is suitable and reliable for small and medium-sized DC microgrid. |
8,866 | Please write an abstract with title: Heterogeneous Domain Generalization Via Domain Mixup, and key words: Visualization, Target recognition, Training data, Feature extraction, Data mining, Task analysis, Speech processing. Abstract: One of the main drawbacks of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) is that they lack generalization capability. In this work, we focus on the problem of heterogeneous domain generalization which aims to improve the generalization capability across different tasks, which is, how to learn a DCNN model with multiple domain data such that the trained feature extractor can be generalized to supporting recognition of novel categories in a novel target domain. To solve this problem, we propose a novel heterogeneous domain generalization method by mixing up samples across multiple source domains with two different sampling strategies. Our experimental results based on the Visual Decathlon benchmark demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed method. |
8,867 | Please write an abstract with title: A Hybrid Approach for Object Localization Combining Mask R-CNN and Halcon in an Assembly Scenario, and key words: Location awareness, Robotic assembly, Image segmentation, Runtime, Image resolution, Service robots, Neural networks. Abstract: Robust and accurate object localization is a key component in the context of robotic grasping. Especially in collaborative assembly scenarios it is important that the robot is able to detect objects precisely to grasp them quickly and reliable. Therefore, classic image-based methods for object localization are not always applicable, as they may experience bad localization rates in large scenes or long runtimes at high camera resolutions. The focus of this paper is to provide a hybrid approach for the localization of objects in a scene by using a deep neural network for classification and segmentation of objects and classic shape-based matching for exact localization in the detected region of interest. We use Mask R-CNN as a deep neural network pixel based classifier and Halcon as an example for a well-known classic image processing program. Last but not least the solution is evaluated in comparison to only using Halcon by evaluating the performance regarding execution time and reliability of the object pose localization. |
8,868 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling of Output Power for Vehicle Charging System by improved K-means-LS-SVM, and key words: Support vector machines, Photovoltaic systems, Clustering algorithms, Virtual power plants, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Reliability engineering. Abstract: This research developed a charging system model based on an improved k-means-LS-SVM algorithm to deal with the influence of large-scale electric vehicle (EV) charging on grid dispatch. Firstly, we generated the output curve of the charging system by preprocessing the historical charging order data of the charging system. Second, we clustered the charging system's output curves using the improved K-means technique, resulting in a new data set of output curves that contained charging systems with comparable date clustering types for the three days before the test day and the test day. Finally, the photovoltaic output value of the test data was calculated by the LS-SVM algorithm. The results of the calculation example show that the improved k-means model combined with the LS-SVM algorithm can obtain better results in the output of the charging system. It is feasible to use the algorithm for establishing the charging system's output model. |
8,869 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-clairvoyant Scheduling of Coflows, and key words: Approximation algorithms, Optimized production technology, Switches, Schedules, Processor scheduling, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: The coflow scheduling problem is considered: given an input/output switch with each port having a fixed capacity, find a scheduling algorithm that minimizes the weighted sum of the coflow completion times respecting the port capacities, where each flow of a coflow has a demand per input/output port, and coflow completion time is the finishing time of the last flow of the coflow. The objective of this paper is to present theoretical guarantees on approximating the sum of coflow completion time in the non-clairvoyant setting, where on a coflow arrival, only the number of flows, and their input-output port is revealed, while the critical demand volumes for each flow on the respective input-output port is unknown. The main result of this paper is to show that the proposed BlindFlow algorithm is 8p-approximate, where p is the largest number of input-output port pairs that a coflow uses. This result holds even in the online case, where coflows arrive over time and the scheduler has to use only causal information. Simulations reveal that the experimental performance of BlindFlow is far better than the theoretical guarantee. |
8,870 | Please write an abstract with title: Modification of Polyurethane-based Binder for Stabilizing Electrical Conductivity of Silver-filled Stretchable Printed Wires During Cyclic Tensions, and key words: Electrodes, Printing, Silver, Chemistry, Wires, Conductivity, Strain. Abstract: This paper discussed effect of binder chemistry on electrical conductivity variation due to tensile deformation of stretchable wires and electrodes that were printed with polyurethane-based electrically conductive pastes containing silver micro-flakes. Although their electrical conductivity usually showed a significant variation during uniaxial cyclic tensions, use of some polyurethane-based binders, including polyhydroxyurethane, were found to be effective to suppress the electrical conductivity variation. Binder chemistry is believed to be one of the important factors in development of novel electrically conductive pastes for printing stretchable wires and electrodes. |
8,871 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of beam position using highly-damped accelerating structures, and key words: Position measurement, Acceleration, Damping, Particle beams, Linear particle accelerator, Optical coupling, Silicon carbide, Iris, Testing, Q factor. Abstract: Active alignment algorithms for linear colliders such as the Compact LInear Collider (CLIC), require measurements of beam positions inside accelerating structures in order to control short and long-range transverse wakefields. Highly-damped accelerating structures offer the possibility that damping waveguides can provide position signals so the accelerating structure itself can be used to make these position measurements. A demonstration of beam position measurement using a 3 GHz slotted iris structure with a dipole mode Q/spl ap/16 was made in CTF II (CLIC Test Facility) and results are compared to computations using HFSS and GdfidL. |
8,872 | Please write an abstract with title: Serverless Straggler Mitigation using Error-Correcting Codes, and key words: Conferences, Machine learning, Encoding, Decoding, Error correction codes, Distributed computing. Abstract: Inexpensive cloud services, such as serverless computing, are often vulnerable to straggling nodes that increase the end-to-end latency for distributed computation. We propose and implement simple yet principled approaches for straggler mitigation in serverless systems for matrix multiplication and evaluate them on several common applications from machine learning and high-performance computing. The proposed schemes are inspired by error-correcting codes and employ parallel encoding and decoding over the data stored in the cloud using serverless workers. This creates a fully distributed computing framework without using a master node to conduct encoding or decoding, which removes the computation, communication and storage bottleneck at the master. On the theory side, we establish that our proposed scheme is asymptotically optimal in terms of decoding time and provide a lower bound on the number of stragglers it can tolerate with high probability. Through extensive experiments, we show that our scheme outperforms existing schemes such as speculative execution and other coding theoretic methods by at least 25%. |
8,873 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic load balancing across mirrored multimedia servers, and key words: Load management, Protocols, Streaming media, Network servers, Traffic control, Propagation losses, Delay, Web server, Internet, Topology. Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present protocols for efficient load balancing across replicated multimedia servers in a metropolitan area network. Current multimedia infrastructures, even when they use mirrored servers, do not have standardized load balancing schemes. Existing schemes frequently require participation from the clients in balancing the load across the servers efficiently. We propose two protocols in this paper for fair load balancing without any client-side processing being required. Neither protocol requires any change to the network-level infrastructure. Using network packet loss and packet transmission delay as the chief metrics, we show the effectiveness of the protocols through extensive simulations. |
8,874 | Please write an abstract with title: Design considerations for low-power ultra wideband receivers, and key words: Ultra wideband technology, Transceivers, Energy consumption, FCC, Bandwidth, Receivers, Signal to noise ratio, Circuits, Wireless communication, Narrowband. Abstract: This paper studies design considerations for low-power ultra wideband (UWB) receiver architectures. First, three different architectures for the impulse-radio UWB transceiver are studied, while investigating the power-performance trade-offs. As is elaborated in the paper, a more power-efficient architecture should undertake part of the signal processing in the analog-domain. Next, the multiband UWB transceiver is studied and power-efficient circuits for the front-end of the UWB transceiver are presented. Finally, the performance and power consumption of these transceivers are compared and a number of design indications are provided. |
8,875 | Please write an abstract with title: Analytical test of the film/substrate boundary perfection in SnO/sub 2/ thin films, and key words: Testing, Substrates, Conductive films, Conductivity, Transistors, Numerical simulation, Microstructure, Instruments, Thickness control, Thin film sensors. Abstract: This work estimates the perfection of films/substrate boundary quality in SnO/sub 2/ thin films. The relation between activation energy of film conductivity and film thickness is studied. The numerical simulation show that electrical conductivity of SnO/sub 2/ thin film near 3D-2D transition is described well within the framework of percolation theory. In some cases the dependence of the activation energy on the film thickness allows one to examine the film perfection. Thus, the relation between electrical conductivity, film microstructure, and thickness gives an effective instrument to control thin film gas sensor parameters. |
8,876 | Please write an abstract with title: Apple Ripeness Level Detection Based On Skin Color Features With Convolutional Neural Network Classification Method, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Image color analysis, Neural networks, Color, Feature extraction, Skin. Abstract: Apple ripeness detection system based on skin color image is a system that can aid apple farmers, sellers, and buyers to determine the maturity or ripeness level of an apple based on its skin color. One of the weaknesses of identifying the level of ripeness of apples is the use of conventional methods using human power to assess the ripeness level of apples. This method certainly very tentative towards different perspectives of every human being. In this study, a ripeness detection system build for Manalagi Apples and Rome Beauty Apples was designed based on skin color images using the Convolutional Neural Network classification method trained with Deep Learning to predict the maturity level classification. From the training and testing during classification, showed that Manalagi Apples and Rome Beauty Apples that are predicted in the form of three ripeness level, such as: Ripe, Half Ripe and Raw, had very good accuracy with an average prediction accuracy rate of 86-95%. |
8,877 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on DOP-based Chinese parsing, and key words: Maximum likelihood estimation, Data engineering, Testing, Humans, Distributed computing, Computer science, Laboratories, Information processing, Information management, Finance. Abstract: This paper presents a Chinese parsing method which takes data-oriented parsing technique as the basic framework and utilizes the similarity-based probability estimate technique. Through the initial selection process, the fragment-combination forms of the input sentence are acquired on the constructed knowledge source including treebank, fragment-bank and fragment-combination-bank. Then by using the similarity-based probability estimate technique, the combination parsing process can be completed successfully. To prove the method efficiency, the knowledge source is constructed on the real-world Chinese corpus, and the other corpus is used as the test set. The experiment results show that every test parameter is satisfied. |
8,878 | Please write an abstract with title: Hierarchical learning architecture with automatic feature selection for multiclass protein fold classification, and key words: Databases, Bioinformatics, Biological neural networks, Data mining, Protein engineering, Support vector machines, Support vector machine classification, Control engineering, Neural networks, Testing. Abstract: The structure classification of proteins plays a very important role in bioinformatics, since the relationships and characteristics among those known proteins can be exploited to predict the structure of new proteins. The success of a classification system depends heavily on two things: the tools being used and the features considered. For the bioinformatics applications, the role of appropriate features has not been paid adequate importance. In this investigation we use three novel ideas for multiclass protein fold classification. First, we use the gating neural network, where each input node is associated with a gate. This network can select important features in an online manner when the learning goes on. At the beginning of the training, all gates are almost closed, i.e., no feature is allowed to enter the network. Through the training, gates corresponding to good features are completely opened while gates corresponding to bad features are closed more tightly, and some gates may be partially open. The second novel idea is to use a hierarchical learning architecture (HLA). The classifier in the first level of HLA classifies the protein features into four major classes: all alpha, all beta, alpha + beta, and alpha/beta. And in the next level we have another set of classifiers, which further classifies the protein features into 27 folds. The third novel idea is to induce the indirect coding features from the amino-acid composition sequence of proteins based on the N-gram concept. This provides us with more representative and discriminative new local features of protein sequences for multiclass protein fold classification. The proposed HLA with new indirect coding features increases the protein fold classification accuracy by about 12%. Moreover, the gating neural network is found to reduce the number of features drastically. Using only half of the original features selected by the gating neural network can reach comparable test accuracy as that using all the original features. The gating mechanism also helps us to get a better insight into the folding process of proteins. For example, tracking the evolution of different gates we can find which characteristics (features) of the data are more important for the folding process. And, of course, it also reduces the computation time. |
8,879 | Please write an abstract with title: Coherent LO phonon-plasma coupling in GaAs, and key words: Gallium compounds, Optical frequency conversion, Phonons, Plasmons. Abstract: Summary form only given. The coherent LO-plasma coupling in GaAs has been observed and controlled using two-pump time-resolved SHG technique. The coupling efficiency can be coherently enhanced by adjusting the relative phase between the injected plasma and LO phonon. This experiment demonstrates the possible coherent control of phonon-plasma interactions in semiconductors and their nanostructures. |
8,880 | Please write an abstract with title: An Algorithm of Nonlinear Interpolation Segmentation Based on Distance Mask Applied to Human Brain 3D Reconstruction, and key words: Interpolation, Humans, Image segmentation, Brain, Biomedical imaging, Image reconstruction, Medical diagnostic imaging, Visualization, Data mining, Biological system modeling. Abstract: In medical sequence slices, ROI (region of interest) in image need to be extracted and to be 3D reconstructed. An algorithm of nonlinear image interpolation segmentation is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is based on the distance mask. It effectively processes the segmentation of human brain image in which the distribution of intensities overlap one another, and can quickly extract ROI. The experiment shows that perfect results can be obtained by using this algorithm. And this algorithm was successfully applied to the medical image 3D visualization system |
8,881 | Please write an abstract with title: Prototyping EcoCAR Connected Vehicle Testing System Using DigiCAV Development Platform, and key words: Road transportation, Connected vehicles, Prototypes, Mechanical power transmission, Life estimation, Tools, Testing. Abstract: The EcoCAR Mobility Challenge is the latest iteration of the Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Vehicle Technology Competitions organized by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). EcoCAR’s new focus on Connected and Automated Vehicle (CAV) technology will require the development of new methods and tools for fairly assessing energy usage for each of the university prototype vehicles. This paper serves to introduce potential methods for assessing CAV technology energy impacts in controlled urban and highway proving ground environments. In addition, it describes the development process of a target vehicle test system in collaboration with HORIBA MIRA. The system, based on HORIBA MIRA’s DigiCAV platform, will accelerate test system development for EcoCAR and produce a test environment with both real and simulated target vehicles for accurately assessing EcoCAR prototype vehicle implementations of hybrid powertrains and CAV features. The authors developed and validated a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) test setup to perform initial calibrations of vehicle-specific DigiCAV controller implementations and will be testing those implementations in the next phase of development. |
8,882 | Please write an abstract with title: Successive interference cancellation for DS-CDMA systems with transmit diversity, and key words: Interference cancellation, Multiaccess communication, Silicon carbide, Detectors, Block codes, Fading, Multiple access interference, Transmitting antennas, System performance, Performance analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a new successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique for direct sequence code divided multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems with transmit diversity. The transmit diversity is achieved with a space-time block code (STBC). System performance over a Rayleigh fading channel is explored and the analysis is confirmed by simulation. |
8,883 | Please write an abstract with title: A winner-take-all spiking network with spiking inputs, and key words: Neurons, Brain modeling, Computer networks, Very large scale integration, Protocols, Biomembranes, Bidirectional control, Circuits, Computer interfaces, Routing. Abstract: Recurrent networks that perform a winner-take-all computation have been studied extensively. Although some of these studies include spiking networks, they consider only analog inputs. We present results from an analog VLSI implementation of a winner-take-all network that receives spike trains as input. We show how we can configure the connectivity in the network so that the winner is selected after a predetermined number of input spikes. To reduce the effect of transistor mismatch on the network operation, we use bursts of input spikes to compensate for this mismatch. The chip with a network of 64 integrate-and-fire neurons can reliably detect the winning neuron, that is, the neuron that receives spikes with the shortest inter-spike interval. |
8,884 | Please write an abstract with title: Mico-photoluminescence of surface plasmon enhanced emissions from semi-polar InGaN/GaN quantum wells, and key words: Quantum well lasers, Surface plasmons, Substrates. Abstract: We have reported that enhancement of blue/green emission by SP resonance of InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) on the polar-GaN substrate. In this study, we investigate SP enhanced light emissions also for InGaN/GaN QWs on semi-polar GaN substrate, where further enhancements can be expected. |
8,885 | Please write an abstract with title: DLFusion: An Auto-Tuning Compiler for Layer Fusion on Deep Neural Network Accelerator, and key words: Fuses, Computational modeling, Neural networks, C++ languages, Feature extraction, Hardware, Generators. Abstract: Many hardware vendors have introduced specialized deep neural networks (DNN) accelerators owing to their superior performance and efficiency. As such, how to generate and optimize the code for the hardware accelerator becomes an important yet less explored problem. In this paper, we perform the compiler-stage optimization study using a novel and representative Cambricon DNN accelerator and demonstrate that the code optimization knobs play an important role in unleashing the potential of hardware computational horsepower. However, even only two studied code optimization knobs, namely the number of cores and layer fusion scheme, present an enormous search space that prevents the naive brute-force search. This work introduces a joint, auto-tuning optimization framework to address this challenge. We first use a set of synthesized DNN layers to study the interplay between the hardware performance and layer characteristics. Based on the insights, we extract the operation count and feature map channel size as each layer's characteristics and derive a joint optimization strategy to decide the performance-optimal core number and fusion scheme. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach using a set of representative DNN models and show that it achieves the minimal of 3.6x and the maximal of 7.9x performance speedup compared to no optimization baseline. We also show that the achieved speedup is close to the oracle case that is based on a reduced brute-force search but with much less search time. |
8,886 | Please write an abstract with title: Based on Wavelet Transform to Analyze Rabbit Somatosensory Evoked Potential, and key words: Wavelet analysis, Wavelet transforms, Rabbits, Continuous wavelet transforms, Scalp, Signal processing, Time frequency analysis, Educational institutions, Electrodes, Medical diagnostic imaging. Abstract: Rabbits were narcotized and stimulated by 0.5 Hz electric pulse. Potential of scalp was sampled at 3764 Hz. Wave components of rabbit somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) can be located precisely through the method of continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Frequency feature of SEP can also be analyzed by CWT. The technique of continuous wavelet transform, which can project a one-dimension signal into a two-dimension time-frequency space, will become a useful method to process medical electronic signal |
8,887 | Please write an abstract with title: Elementary quantum-network links and nodes, and key words: Atomic beams, Atom optics, Narrowband, Optical coupling, Optical control, Lighting control, Control systems, Energy exchange, Atom lasers, Laser transitions. Abstract: The paper reports on the experimental demonstration of elementary quantum-network links and nodes with narrowband and transform-limited single-photon pulses that cannot be distinguished from one another. The photon source is realized in form of a strongly coupled atom-cavity system and it employs a controlled energy exchange between the atom and the quantized light field of the cavity. This is accomplished by laser pulses adiabatically driving one branch of a Raman transition in a /spl Lambda/-type three-level atom, which is located in a high-finesse optical cavity resonant with the other branch of the transition. The transition goes hand-in-hand with a change of the photon number in the cavity. |
8,888 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep Learning Radiomics Model to Identify Poor Outcome in COVID-19 Patients With Underlying Health Conditions: A Multicenter Study, and key words: COVID-19, Deep learning, Radiomics, Hospitals, Computed tomography, Lung, Solid modeling. Abstract: Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused considerable morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with underlying health conditions. A precise prognostic tool to identify poor outcomes among such cases is desperately needed. Methods: Total 400 COVID-19 patients with underlying health conditions were retrospectively recruited from 4 centers, including 54 dead cases (labeled as poor outcomes) and 346 patients discharged or hospitalized for at least 7 days since initial CT scan. Patients were allocated to a training set (n = 271), a test set (n = 68), and an external test set (n = 61). We proposed an initial CT-derived hybrid model by combining a 3D-ResNet10 based deep learning model and a quantitative 3D radiomics model to predict the probability of COVID-19 patients reaching poor outcome. The model performance was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), survival analysis, and subgroup analysis. Results: The hybrid model achieved AUCs of 0.876 (95% confidence interval: 0.752-0.999) and 0.864 (0.766-0.962) in test and external test sets, outperforming other models. The survival analysis verified the hybrid model as a significant risk factor for mortality (hazard ratio, 2.049 [1.462-2.871], P <; 0.001) that could well stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk of reaching poor outcomes (P <; 0.001). Conclusion: The hybrid model that combined deep learning and radiomics could accurately identify poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients with underlying health conditions from initial CT scans. The great risk stratification ability could help alert risk of death and allow for timely surveillance plans. |
8,889 | Please write an abstract with title: IoT Security and Privacy, and key words: Privacy, Portable computers, Social networking (online), Companies, Rocks, Software, Security. Abstract: We all love buying the best new tech that comes out from Apple or Microsoft or even Samsung. We love how their new tech crushes the boundaries on what we thought could not surpass the old product. Every year novel items are introduced on one of their smartphones, computers, laptops, tv’s etc., but with every new product there is also new software involved which could lead to vulnerability. Today we are all connected in some way unless you live under a rock. Social media has become a huge part of our lives whether it is to keep up with family or keep up to date on the latest fake news. Regular in-house appliances are now connecting to the internet in some way form which may open a door for an attacker. Therefore, the Internet of Things Security and Privacy is important. Security and privacy are what we focus on this paper and why it is extremely important to anyone who reads this. It is not a problem until your information gets out there so better to act early and not wait. |
8,890 | Please write an abstract with title: Modelling of Transmission Lines Based on Power Waves and Transfer Coefficients, and key words: Microwave technology, Microwave integrated circuits, Power transmission lines, Wires, Millimeter wave technology, Mathematical model, Microwave FET integrated circuits. Abstract: Transmission line model (TLM) has been widely used in various transmission systems. The traditional TLM takes voltages and currents as unknowns in modelling. In this paper, another modeling idea is proposed, which is named power wave-based transmission line modeling (PW-TLM) and takes power waves as unknowns. PW-TLM is applied to and validated on typical parallel wires. Although PW-TLM is equivalent to TLM in mathematical meaning, it may be easier to use for many cases. |
8,891 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep Ensemble Dynamic Learning Network for Corona Virus Disease 2019 Diagnosis, and key words: COVID-19, Feature extraction, Heuristic algorithms, Bagging, Pulmonary diseases, X-ray imaging, Diseases. Abstract: Corona virus disease 2019 is an extremely fatal pandemic around the world. Intelligently recognizing X-ray chest radiography images for automatically identifying corona virus disease 2019 from other types of pneumonia and normal cases provides clinicians with tremendous conveniences in diagnosis process. In this article, a deep ensemble dynamic learning network is proposed. After a chain of image preprocessing steps and the division of image dataset, convolution blocks and the final average pooling layer are pretrained as a feature extractor. For classifying the extracted feature samples, two-stage bagging dynamic learning network is trained based on neural dynamic learning and bagging algorithms, which diagnoses the presence and types of pneumonia successively. Experimental results manifest that using the proposed deep ensemble dynamic learning network obtains 98.7179% diagnosis accuracy, which indicates more excellent diagnosis effect than existing state-of-the-art models on the open image dataset. Such accurate diagnosis effects provide convincing evidences for further detections and treatments. |
8,892 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of genetic improved neural network in modeling of combat effectiveness evaluation, and key words: Weapons, Data integrity, Data acquisition, Neural networks, Data preprocessing, Software algorithms, Reconnaissance. Abstract: In the process of upgrading weapons and equipment, capability evaluation is an extremely important link, and accurate capability evaluation has strict requirements on the accuracy and quality of the index data of weapons and equipment. The current method of using various simulation software to carry out simulation deduction has shortcomings in data acquisition speed and data quality. The data acquisition method of the improved BP neural network learning algorithm based on genetic algorithm is adopted in this paper to learn the simulation deduction process of the weapon equipment system, which lays a good foundation for the construction of the subsequent capability evaluation model. |
8,893 | Please write an abstract with title: PC37.234/D11.1, Aug 2021 - IEEE Approved Draft Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power System Buses, and key words: IEEE Standards, Circuit breakers, Failure analysis, Impedance, Protective relaying, Voltage control, Substations. Abstract: Principles of power bus protection are discussed. The availability and location of breakers, current sensing devices, and disconnect switches are addressed, as well as bus configurations and switching schemes and their impact on the selection and application of bus protection. Bus protection schemes are presented, and their characteristics, strengths, and limitations are examined. Bus protection applications are presented. |
8,894 | Please write an abstract with title: Control of Modular Multilevel Converter under Unequal Arm Capacitor Values, and key words: Multilevel converters, Voltage measurement, Capacitors, Process control, Pulse width modulation, Voltage control, Sorting. Abstract: This paper presents analysis and control of the modular multilevel converter under unequal arm voltages shared by the capacitors. The effect of deviation between the instantaneous values of two DC-link capacitor voltages on the control algorithm is investigated in this paper. The control algorithm consists of the sorting method with the power decoupling, phase shifted pulse width modulation and measured arm voltages in process. This controller is modified in order for taking the voltage differences shared by the arm capacitors into consideration. The submodule and DC-link capacitors are estimated by using an analytical expression derived. The results of Matlab simulation obtained on the five-level modular multilevel converter are compared to the experimental ones. |
8,895 | Please write an abstract with title: The Extraction of Urban Built-Up Areas by Integrating Night-Time Light and POI Data—A Case Study of Kunming, China, and key words: Urban areas, Data mining, Image segmentation, Data integration, Spatial resolution, Planning. Abstract: With the urban built-up area becoming one of the most prominent forms of urban expansion, accurately extracting the urban built-up area is becoming more and more important to judge the urbanization process and evaluate the urban environment. Since it is difficult to significantly improve the accuracy of single satellite data in the extraction of urban built-up areas, this study proposes a method integrating POI (Point of Interest) data and Luojia-1A data to improve the extraction accuracy of urban built-up areas. In this study, integrated Density Graph, OSTU and geometric mean are used to extract urban built-up areas respectively. The highest precision of urban built-up areas extracted before data integration is 74.3% with the highest Kappa value of 0.54; while the highest precision of urban built-up area extracted after data integration is 91.4%, with the highest Kappa value of 0.91. Therefore, it can be concluded that compared with the existing widely used night-light-based methods, this method can integrate the advantages of POI data and Luojia-1A data, that is, it can not only solve the long-term oversaturation phenomenon of night light data, but also can extract urban built-up areas in a more refined way. The method used in this study, which integrates POI data and Luojia-1A data, can not only provide a new method for urban built-up area extraction, but also can play an active guiding role in urban planning and construction. |
8,896 | Please write an abstract with title: Adapting the DisCoCat-Model for Question Answering in the Chinese Language, and key words: Natural Language Processing, DisCoCat, Quantum Natural Language Processing, QNLP. Abstract: We introduce quantum natural language processing for the Chinese language. Our approach focuses on Question-answering on a set of sentences, whether a particular sentence is truthful with respect to the whole corpus of sentences. We employ the Categorical Distributional Compositional (DisCoCat) model to translate sentences to valid quantum circuits. We achieve a fitting score of 97% on the test set. Our sentence set is also significantly larger than previous experiments. The results show general applicability of the framework to other languages. We also show that it can be used to introspect natural language models and provide new approaches to model explainability. |
8,897 | Please write an abstract with title: A Mapping Study Research on Blockchain Technology in Education 4.0, and key words: Blockchain Technology, Education, Mapping Study. Abstract: Decentralized transactions and transaction management in the form of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency are part of Blockchain Technology. This Blockchain idea was created in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto. The attributes of Blockchain contain the importance of providing security, anonymity and integrity of transactions without third-party companies, which makes an exciting area due to Blockchain’s general and decentralized nature. In this study, systematic mapping observations were used to collect all applicable studies on Blockchain generation. This goal is supported by understanding Blockchain research topics, situations that demand development, and future guidance on technicalities in the Blockchain era. The author has successfully researched forty-one major papers from several scientific paper publishers. The results of this study show that more than 80% of Blockchain papers use Bitcoin and the rest check other Blockchain attributes such as security using smart contracts. In this study, the authors specialize in reducing the limitations of using Blockchain from a privacy and security perspective. However, among the solutions presented, there is a lack of concrete evaluations of their effectiveness. This research produces a novelty in the form of suggestions for the use of Blockchain that can be used by leading to Education 4.0. |
8,898 | Please write an abstract with title: A Non-Inverting High Gain DC-DC Converter With Continuous Input Current, and key words: Switches, Inductors, Capacitors, High-voltage techniques, Topology, DC-DC power converters, Stress. Abstract: High gain DC-DC converters are increasingly being used in solar PV and other renewable generation systems. Satisfactory steady-state and dynamic performance, along with higher efficiency, is a pre-requirement for selecting the converter for these applications. In this paper, a non-inverting high gain DC-DC boost converter has been proposed. The proposed converter has only one switch with continuous input current and reduced voltage stress across switching devices. The operating range of the duty cycle is wider, and it obtains a higher gain at a lower value of the duty cycle. Moreover, the converter has higher efficiency at a lower duty cycle while drawing a continuous input current. The continuous input current is a desirable feature of the dc-dc converter making it suitable for solar photovoltaic applications. The converter’s operation has been discussed in detail and extended to include the real circuit parameters for a practical performance evaluation. The proposed converter has been compared with other similar recently proposed converters on various performance parameters. The loss analysis for the proposed converter has also been carried out. Finally, the simulation has been validated with results from the experimental prototype. |
8,899 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation method of line loss in station area based on feature selection and GRU network, and key words: Correlation coefficient, Low voltage, Power system management, Electric variables, Predictive models, Feature extraction, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: As the terminal part of the power system, the station area is difficult to analyze due to the complex network structure and the large number of terminals. Therefore, a line loss evaluation method based on feature selection and GRU network is proposed. Firstly, the electrical characteristics are comprehensively analyzed based on the Spearman correlation coefficient method and the feature selection method of the XGBoost algorithm model, and the importance of each electrical characteristic to the line loss calculation and the optimal feature dimension for the line loss evaluation are obtained, and the optimal electrical feature is constructed. indicator system. Then, a network prediction model based on Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is established. The optimal electrical characteristic index system data is used as the input set of the prediction model, and RMSE, MSE and R2 are used as error evaluation indicators. Finally, actual station area data is used to verify the validity and accuracy of the suggested technique. |
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