sid-th26/mains_question · Datasets at Hugging Face

Differentiate between manmade and natural hazard ?

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##Question:Differentiate between manmade and natural hazard ?##Answer:,

33,090

Though the Marathas managed to expand rapidly into North and Central India, they failed to become a pan-India empire. Discuss. (200 words)

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##Question:Though the Marathas managed to expand rapidly into North and Central India, they failed to become a pan-India empire. Discuss. (200 words)##Answer:,

33,091

Write short notes on the following: (50 words each) a.) Treaty of Salbai b.) Treaty of Bassein

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##Question:Write short notes on the following: (50 words each) a.) Treaty of Salbai b.) Treaty of Bassein ##Answer:,

33,092

What are causes and significance of Third Battle of Panipat?(150 words/10 marks)

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##Question:What are causes and significance of Third Battle of Panipat?(150 words/10 marks)##Answer:,

33,093

What do you understand by Anti-Defection law? Briefly mention the grounds of defection. Critically examine the importance of it.

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##Question:What do you understand by Anti-Defection law? Briefly mention the grounds of defection. Critically examine the importance of it.##Answer:,

33,094

Briefly bring out about nature of various types of bills. Also, discuss about the role of president w.r.t. various bills

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##Question:Briefly bring out about nature of various types of bills. Also, discuss about the role of president w.r.t. various bills##Answer:,

33,095

Explain following funds ( 100 words each) a) Consolidated fund of India b) Contingency fund of India

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##Question:Explain following funds ( 100 words each) a) Consolidated fund of India b) Contingency fund of India ##Answer:,

33,096

What is soil profile? Discus the main factors impacting soil formation (200 words/10marks)

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##Question:What is soil profile? Discus the main factors impacting soil formation (200 words/10marks)##Answer:,

33,097

What do you understand by drainage system? Explain various drainage systems in India.(150 words/10 marks)

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##Question:What do you understand by drainage system? Explain various drainage systems in India.(150 words/10 marks)##Answer:,

33,098

Write short notes on (150 words) 1. Difference between Himalayan and Peninsular river 2. West flowing rivers

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##Question:Write short notes on (150 words) 1. Difference between Himalayan and Peninsular river 2. West flowing rivers##Answer:,

33,099

What is Capital Account Convertibility? Why has India still not adopted full capital account convertibility? (10 Marks/ 150 Words)

Capital Account Convertibility is a facet of country’s financial system which allows for the conversion of foreign financial assets into domestic financial assets and vice versa at market determined rates. It may be completely restricted or partially regulated. There are certain pre requisites to introduce Capital Account Convertibility in economy such as low inflation, low fiscal deficit and high Forex reserve, functional independence of Central Bank etc. REASONS FOR NOT ADOPTING FULL ACCOUNT CONVERTIBILITY BY INDIA It can lead to erratic flow of capital and cause financial instability. Speculative activity can cause flight of capital as seen in East Asian Crisis of 1997. Full Capital Account Convertibility will expose Indian economy to global shocks like 2008 financial crisis. India has been witnessing trade deficit for a long time. A higher CAD indicates vulnerable position of domestic currency while fiscal deficit has implications for the inflation as well as interest rates. Reliance on hot money or FII inflows into equity market is cause of concern. India is also not ready to attract a lot of FDI which is stable money. Banking system has to be strong for full CCA. Indian banks are facing twin balance sheet challenges of capital and asset quality. The banks’ lending capacities are restricted due to high NPAs. India is an export oriented economy that prefers to keep its exchange rate low to have cost competitiveness for its exports. A rising rupee may make the exports uncompetitive. Full capital account convertibility has worked well in nations that have a robust infrastructure in place. India has high dependence on exports, burgeoning population, corruption, socio-economic complexities and challenges of bureaucracy that may lead to economic setbacks post-full rupee convertibility. Full Account Convertibility is a sign of mature and stable market. It helps in improved access to international financial markets, reduction in cost of capital and promote economic growth. However due to underdeveloped state of Indian financial system and associated volatility risks, partial Capital Account Convertibility is more prudent.

##Question:What is Capital Account Convertibility? Why has India still not adopted full capital account convertibility? (10 Marks/ 150 Words)##Answer:Capital Account Convertibility is a facet of country’s financial system which allows for the conversion of foreign financial assets into domestic financial assets and vice versa at market determined rates. It may be completely restricted or partially regulated. There are certain pre requisites to introduce Capital Account Convertibility in economy such as low inflation, low fiscal deficit and high Forex reserve, functional independence of Central Bank etc. REASONS FOR NOT ADOPTING FULL ACCOUNT CONVERTIBILITY BY INDIA It can lead to erratic flow of capital and cause financial instability. Speculative activity can cause flight of capital as seen in East Asian Crisis of 1997. Full Capital Account Convertibility will expose Indian economy to global shocks like 2008 financial crisis. India has been witnessing trade deficit for a long time. A higher CAD indicates vulnerable position of domestic currency while fiscal deficit has implications for the inflation as well as interest rates. Reliance on hot money or FII inflows into equity market is cause of concern. India is also not ready to attract a lot of FDI which is stable money. Banking system has to be strong for full CCA. Indian banks are facing twin balance sheet challenges of capital and asset quality. The banks’ lending capacities are restricted due to high NPAs. India is an export oriented economy that prefers to keep its exchange rate low to have cost competitiveness for its exports. A rising rupee may make the exports uncompetitive. Full capital account convertibility has worked well in nations that have a robust infrastructure in place. India has high dependence on exports, burgeoning population, corruption, socio-economic complexities and challenges of bureaucracy that may lead to economic setbacks post-full rupee convertibility. Full Account Convertibility is a sign of mature and stable market. It helps in improved access to international financial markets, reduction in cost of capital and promote economic growth. However due to underdeveloped state of Indian financial system and associated volatility risks, partial Capital Account Convertibility is more prudent.

33,100

Write short note on the following (75 words each) a) J Curve b) Effective exchange rate

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##Question:Write short note on the following (75 words each) a) J Curve b) Effective exchange rate##Answer:,

33,101

Differentiate between FDI and FPI? Discuss merits and demerits of FDI?

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##Question:Differentiate between FDI and FPI? Discuss merits and demerits of FDI?##Answer:,

33,102

‘Preamble reflects ideals and aspirations of the people of India’. Discuss. (200 words)

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##Question:‘Preamble reflects ideals and aspirations of the people of India’. Discuss. (200 words)##Answer:,

33,103

Write short note on the following 1) Republic 2) Liberty 3) Nature of Fundamental Rights

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##Question:Write short note on the following 1) Republic 2) Liberty 3) Nature of Fundamental Rights##Answer:,

33,104

Explain different types of Democracy with examples.

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##Question:Explain different types of Democracy with examples.##Answer:,

33,105

What are the differences between fundamental rights and ordinary legal rights?

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##Question:What are the differences between fundamental rights and ordinary legal rights?##Answer:,

33,106

What are the characteristics of different types of soil found in mainland India? Also reflect upon the cropping pattern in these regions.(200 – 220 words)

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##Question:What are the characteristics of different types of soil found in mainland India? Also reflect upon the cropping pattern in these regions.(200 – 220 words)##Answer:,

33,107

Explain how agriculture evolved in India? Throw special light on the role of textile production w.r.t. agricultural development.

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##Question:Explain how agriculture evolved in India? Throw special light on the role of textile production w.r.t. agricultural development.##Answer:,

33,108

With the help of a diagram, explain the regions and characteristics of black soil in India. In the context of an agriculture crises such as farmer suicides, explain the significance of black soil. (150 words)

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##Question:With the help of a diagram, explain the regions and characteristics of black soil in India. In the context of an agriculture crises such as farmer suicides, explain the significance of black soil. (150 words)##Answer:,

33,109

Briefly discuss the land revenue systems adopted by the British in different parts of India. Analyze the effects of the British land revenue policy. (200 words

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##Question:Briefly discuss the land revenue systems adopted by the British in different parts of India. Analyze the effects of the British land revenue policy. (200 words##Answer:,

33,110

Write short notes on the following: (50 words each) a.) Utilitarianism. b.) Liberalism.

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##Question:Write short notes on the following: (50 words each) a.) Utilitarianism. b.) Liberalism.##Answer:,

33,111

What are different features of Land revenue System during British rule? (150 words/ 10 marks)

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##Question:What are different features of Land revenue System during British rule? (150 words/ 10 marks)##Answer:,

33,112

भारत परिसंघ तो नही है , किन्तु इसके अंदर कुछ परिसंघीय लक्षण विद्यमान है , स्पष्ट करें । (200 शब्द ) (10 marks )

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##Question:भारत परिसंघ तो नही है , किन्तु इसके अंदर कुछ परिसंघीय लक्षण विद्यमान है , स्पष्ट करें । (200 शब्द ) (10 marks )##Answer:.

33,113

भारतीय संविधान निर्माण में बाह्य स्त्रोत का विवरण दें ।

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##Question:भारतीय संविधान निर्माण में बाह्य स्त्रोत का विवरण दें ।##Answer:.

33,114

Explain the significance of Fundamental Rights. Also comment on the evolution of amendability of the fundamental rights. (200 words

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##Question:Explain the significance of Fundamental Rights. Also comment on the evolution of amendability of the fundamental rights. (200 words##Answer:,

33,115

Write short note on the following 1) Basic Structure Doctrine 2) Judicial Review

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##Question:Write short note on the following 1) Basic Structure Doctrine 2) Judicial Review##Answer:,

33,116

Discuss amendability of Fundamental Rights. Also mention important judgements related to it.

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##Question:Discuss amendability of Fundamental Rights. Also mention important judgements related to it.##Answer:,

33,117

What are the impediments in marketing and supply chain management in developing the food processing industry in India? Can e-commerce help in overcoming these bottlenecks? (200 words)

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##Question:What are the impediments in marketing and supply chain management in developing the food processing industry in India? Can e-commerce help in overcoming these bottlenecks? (200 words)##Answer:,

33,118

What are the reasons for poor acceptance of cost effective small processing units? How the food processing units will be helpful to uplift the socio-economic status of poor farmers? (150 word

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##Question:What are the reasons for poor acceptance of cost effective small processing units? How the food processing units will be helpful to uplift the socio-economic status of poor farmers? (150 word##Answer:,

33,119

Comment on the role of Mega Food Parks in enhancing regional as well as individual prosperity. (150 word

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##Question:Comment on the role of Mega Food Parks in enhancing regional as well as individual prosperity. (150 word##Answer:,

33,120

Article 32 of the Indian Constitution is often described as the cornerstone of the democratic edifice and soul of the constitution. Elucidate. (250 words)

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##Question:Article 32 of the Indian Constitution is often described as the cornerstone of the democratic edifice and soul of the constitution. Elucidate. (250 words) ##Answer:.

33,121

Briefly explain various factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents. Discuss the effects of ocean currents on coastal climates with examples. (200 words|

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##Question:Briefly explain various factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents. Discuss the effects of ocean currents on coastal climates with examples. (200 words|##Answer:,

33,122

What do you understand by the writ jurisdiction? Discuss different types of writs provided under the constitution.

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##Question:What do you understand by the writ jurisdiction? Discuss different types of writs provided under the constitution.##Answer:.

33,123

What are various forces responsible for the formation of Tides? Differentiate between Spring tides and Neap tides. Also bring out the economic advantages of tides. (150 words)

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##Question:What are various forces responsible for the formation of Tides? Differentiate between Spring tides and Neap tides. Also bring out the economic advantages of tides. (150 words)##Answer:,

33,124

Compare the power of issuing writs under the Article 32 and Article 226 of the constitution. (200 words|10 marks)

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##Question:Compare the power of issuing writs under the Article 32 and Article 226 of the constitution. (200 words|10 marks) ##Answer:.

33,125

Explain the conditions required for the growth of coral reefs in different parts of the world. Discuss the distribution of coral reefs around the world and its importance for local population. (200 words|

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##Question:Explain the conditions required for the growth of coral reefs in different parts of the world. Discuss the distribution of coral reefs around the world and its importance for local population. (200 words|##Answer:,

33,126

Write Short notes on: (50 words|5 marks) 1. Vertical distribution of salinity in oceans 2. Types of coral reefs

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##Question:Write Short notes on: (50 words|5 marks) 1. Vertical distribution of salinity in oceans 2. Types of coral reefs##Answer:,

33,127

Discuss the differences between Himalayan and Peninsular rivers of India. Why do the West flowing rivers in the peninsula not form extensive deltas like their eastern counterparts? (200 words)

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##Question:Discuss the differences between Himalayan and Peninsular rivers of India. Why do the West flowing rivers in the peninsula not form extensive deltas like their eastern counterparts? (200 words)##Answer:,

33,128

India is currently a water-stressed nation but is soon approaching towards becoming water scarce. In light of the statement discuss the issues of water availability in the country. (150 words)

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##Question:India is currently a water-stressed nation but is soon approaching towards becoming water scarce. In light of the statement discuss the issues of water availability in the country. (150 words)##Answer:,

33,129

Write short notes on: ( 100 words | 5 marks ) i) Ephemeral rivers in India ii) Classification of rivers

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##Question:Write short notes on: ( 100 words | 5 marks ) i) Ephemeral rivers in India ii) Classification of rivers##Answer:,

33,130

दक्षिण –पश्चिम मानसून से देश के विभिन्न भागों में वर्षा के वितरण की सकारण चर्चा कीजिए | (200 शब्द )|

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##Question:दक्षिण –पश्चिम मानसून से देश के विभिन्न भागों में वर्षा के वितरण की सकारण चर्चा कीजिए | (200 शब्द )|##Answer:.

33,131

निम्न पर टिप्पणी कीजिए 1. भारत में शीतकालीन वर्षा के क्षेत्र 2. राजस्थान व गुजरात में कम वर्षा के कारण

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##Question:निम्न पर टिप्पणी कीजिए 1. भारत में शीतकालीन वर्षा के क्षेत्र 2. राजस्थान व गुजरात में कम वर्षा के कारण ##Answer:.

33,132

केन्द्रीय आयोजना और परिसंघ ( संघवाद ) अच्छे साझेदार नही है , इसको स्पष्ट करें। (200 शब्द ) (10 marks )

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##Question:केन्द्रीय आयोजना और परिसंघ ( संघवाद ) अच्छे साझेदार नही है , इसको स्पष्ट करें। (200 शब्द ) (10 marks )##Answer:.

33,133

एक वास्तविक संघ के मूल भूत लक्षण क्या है, भारत के संदर्भ में समझाइए। (150-200 शब्द)

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##Question:एक वास्तविक संघ के मूल भूत लक्षण क्या है, भारत के संदर्भ में समझाइए। (150-200 शब्द)##Answer:.

33,134

Define GDP? Explain GDP at factor cost and market price? Also differentiate between the concepts of GDP and GNP?

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##Question:Define GDP? Explain GDP at factor cost and market price? Also differentiate between the concepts of GDP and GNP?##Answer:,

33,135

Write short note on- 1. Factor cost and market price 2. Purchasing power parity

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##Question:Write short note on- 1. Factor cost and market price 2. Purchasing power parity##Answer:,

33,136

Briefly explain various methods of GDP calculation?

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##Question:Briefly explain various methods of GDP calculation?##Answer:,

33,137

Discuss the evolution of music in India. Also, differentiate between the Hindustani and Carnatic forms in music. (200 words)

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##Question:Discuss the evolution of music in India. Also, differentiate between the Hindustani and Carnatic forms in music. (200 words)##Answer:,

33,138

Write short notes on the following: a) Dhrupad b) Thumri c) Tappa d) Ghazal e) Qawwali

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##Question:Write short notes on the following: a) Dhrupad b) Thumri c) Tappa d) Ghazal e) Qawwali##Answer:,

33,139

वृष्टि छाया प्रदेश से आप क्या समझते हैं? भरत में वर्षा के वितरण के सन्दर्भ में मुख्य वृष्टि छाया प्रदेशों की चर्चा करें| (शब्द 200)

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##Question:वृष्टि छाया प्रदेश से आप क्या समझते हैं? भरत में वर्षा के वितरण के सन्दर्भ में मुख्य वृष्टि छाया प्रदेशों की चर्चा करें| (शब्द 200)##Answer:,

33,140

प्रायद्वीपीय नदी तंत्र एवं हिमालयी अपवाह तंत्र में मुख्य अंतरों का उल्लेख करें|

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##Question:प्रायद्वीपीय नदी तंत्र एवं हिमालयी अपवाह तंत्र में मुख्य अंतरों का उल्लेख करें|##Answer:,

33,141

What do understand by Subsistence Agriculture? Discuss the types of subsistence agriculture and mention their locations around the world. (150 Words/10 Marks)

Approach- 1. Define subsistence agriculture. 2. Mention the types through maps. Answer : Subsistence agriculture is one in which farming is done for personal consumption by the farmer"s family. The farming areas consume all, or nearly so, of the products locally grown. It can be grouped into two categories — Primitive Subsistence Agriculture and Intensive Subsistence Agriculture. 1. Primitive Subsistence Agriculture Primitive subsistence agriculture or shifting cultivation is widely practised by many tribes in the tropics, especially in Africa, south and central America and south-east Asia The vegetation is usually cleared by fire, and the ashes add to the fertility of the soil. Shifting cultivation is thus, also called slash and burn agriculture. The cultivated patches are very small and cultivation is done with very primitive tools such as sticks and hoes. After some time (3 to 5 years) the soil loses its fertility and the farmer shifts to other parts and clears other patches of the forest for cultivation. The farmer may return to the earlier patch after some time. One of the major problems of shifting cultivation is that the cycle of Jhum becomes less and less due to the loss of fertility in different parcels. It is prevalent in the tropical region in different names, e.g. Jhuming in Northeastern states of India, Milpa in central America and Mexico andLadang in Indonesia and Malaysia. Find out other areas and the names with which shifting cultivation is done. 2. Intensive Subsistence Agriculture This type of agriculture is largely found in densely populated regions of monsoon Asia. Basically, there are two types of intensive subsistence agriculture. (i) Intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by wet paddy cultivation: This type of agriculture is characterised by the dominance of the rice crop. Land holdings are very small due to the high density of population. Farmers work with the help of family labour leading to intensive use of land. Use of machinery is limited and most of the agricultural operations are done by manual labour. Farmyard manure is used to maintain the fertility of the soil. In this type of agriculture, the yield per unit area is high but per labour productivity is low. (ii) Intensive subsidence agriculture dominated by crops other than paddy: Due to the difference in relief, climate, soil and some of the other geographical factors, it is not practical to grow paddy in many parts of monsoon Asia. Wheat, soybean, barley and sorghum are grown in northern China, Manchuria, North Korea and northern Japan. In India, wheat is grown in western parts of the Indo-Gangetic plains and millets are grown in dry parts of western and southern India. Most of the characteristics of this type of agriculture are similar to those dominated by wet paddy except that irrigation is often used. [Note- Drawing the region is mandatory, all the points are discussed comprehensively in the class. Reviewers can take a clue from mentioned regions in the answer]

##Question:What do understand by Subsistence Agriculture? Discuss the types of subsistence agriculture and mention their locations around the world. (150 Words/10 Marks)##Answer:Approach- 1. Define subsistence agriculture. 2. Mention the types through maps. Answer : Subsistence agriculture is one in which farming is done for personal consumption by the farmer"s family. The farming areas consume all, or nearly so, of the products locally grown. It can be grouped into two categories — Primitive Subsistence Agriculture and Intensive Subsistence Agriculture. 1. Primitive Subsistence Agriculture Primitive subsistence agriculture or shifting cultivation is widely practised by many tribes in the tropics, especially in Africa, south and central America and south-east Asia The vegetation is usually cleared by fire, and the ashes add to the fertility of the soil. Shifting cultivation is thus, also called slash and burn agriculture. The cultivated patches are very small and cultivation is done with very primitive tools such as sticks and hoes. After some time (3 to 5 years) the soil loses its fertility and the farmer shifts to other parts and clears other patches of the forest for cultivation. The farmer may return to the earlier patch after some time. One of the major problems of shifting cultivation is that the cycle of Jhum becomes less and less due to the loss of fertility in different parcels. It is prevalent in the tropical region in different names, e.g. Jhuming in Northeastern states of India, Milpa in central America and Mexico andLadang in Indonesia and Malaysia. Find out other areas and the names with which shifting cultivation is done. 2. Intensive Subsistence Agriculture This type of agriculture is largely found in densely populated regions of monsoon Asia. Basically, there are two types of intensive subsistence agriculture. (i) Intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by wet paddy cultivation: This type of agriculture is characterised by the dominance of the rice crop. Land holdings are very small due to the high density of population. Farmers work with the help of family labour leading to intensive use of land. Use of machinery is limited and most of the agricultural operations are done by manual labour. Farmyard manure is used to maintain the fertility of the soil. In this type of agriculture, the yield per unit area is high but per labour productivity is low. (ii) Intensive subsidence agriculture dominated by crops other than paddy: Due to the difference in relief, climate, soil and some of the other geographical factors, it is not practical to grow paddy in many parts of monsoon Asia. Wheat, soybean, barley and sorghum are grown in northern China, Manchuria, North Korea and northern Japan. In India, wheat is grown in western parts of the Indo-Gangetic plains and millets are grown in dry parts of western and southern India. Most of the characteristics of this type of agriculture are similar to those dominated by wet paddy except that irrigation is often used. [Note- Drawing the region is mandatory, all the points are discussed comprehensively in the class. Reviewers can take a clue from mentioned regions in the answer]

33,142

What is slash and burn agriculture? How it is different from settled agriculture? (150 words|10 marks)

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##Question:What is slash and burn agriculture? How it is different from settled agriculture? (150 words|10 marks)##Answer:,

33,143

What is plantation agriculture? Discuss various characteristics of this type of agriculture. (150 words/10 Marks)

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##Question:What is plantation agriculture? Discuss various characteristics of this type of agriculture. (150 words/10 Marks)##Answer:,

33,144

Write Short notes on: (50 words|5 marks) 1. Nomadic Herding 2. Transhumance 3. Extensive commercial grains farming

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##Question:Write Short notes on: (50 words|5 marks) 1. Nomadic Herding 2. Transhumance 3. Extensive commercial grains farming##Answer:,

33,145

भुगतान शेष के अर्थ को स्पष्ट करते हुये इसके असंतुलन के प्रमुख कारणों की चर्चा करें ? (200 शब्द )

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##Question:भुगतान शेष के अर्थ को स्पष्ट करते हुये इसके असंतुलन के प्रमुख कारणों की चर्चा करें ? (200 शब्द )##Answer:.

33,146

अवमूल्यन और रुपए का मूल्य-ह्रास मे अंतर स्पष्ट करे | (200 शब्द )

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##Question:अवमूल्यन और रुपए का मूल्य-ह्रास मे अंतर स्पष्ट करे | (200 शब्द )##Answer:.

33,147

विदेशी मुद्रा भंडार बढ्ने के कारण तथा इसके प्रभाव को लिखे | (200 शब्द )

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##Question:विदेशी मुद्रा भंडार बढ्ने के कारण तथा इसके प्रभाव को लिखे | (200 शब्द )##Answer:.

33,148

In view of the decling average size of land holding in India which has made agriculture non viable for the majority of farmers. Should the contract farming and land leasing be promoted in agriculture. Critically examine prose and cons. (200 words/10 marks)

APPROACH- - Introduction- Briefly discuss land reforms and their aims. - Discuss reasons for the failure of land reforms ANSWER- Land reforms were launched with the aim of improving agricultural productivity; improve the socio-economic conditions of farmers and having a more egalitarian society. It included measures and policies relating to the redistribution of land, regulation of rent, improving the conditions of tenancy, cooperative organisation, agricultural education, and so on. Many land reforms have been initiated since independence. REASONS FOR FAILURES OF THE LAND REFORMS 1. Abolition of intermediaries- Abolition of Zamindars and intermediaries happened to some extent that has reduced the extent of exploitation of farmers. However, there was a rise in absentee landlordism. Also, there was no security given to sharecroppers and tenant-at-will which led to these reforms being ineffective. 2. Tenancy Reforms- It aimed at regulation of rent, security of tenure and giving rights of ownership to tenants. The reforms have not been implemented properly and there has been a gross violation of the laws. The fact that many officials themselves were owners of farms, made it difficult to implement these reforms. 3. Consolidation of Land Holdings- It has been completed to some extent in the states of Punjab and Haryana. However, the absence of the will of farmers and poor land records has led to their poor implementation. 4. Computerization of Land Records- National Land Records Modernization Programmewas launched in 2008. However, the land records are maintained by various departments at district and village level that lack coordination. Negative attitude of bureaucracy and lack of digital infrastructure have led to poor maintenance of land records in India 5. Ceiling on Land Holdings- This reform has also seen very little success due to lack of political will, manipulation of land records due to the time lag between the passing of act and its implementation. Also land is a state subject due to which there is a huge variation in the implementation of these reforms across India. However, in few states like Kerala, West Bengal and Jammu & Kashmir land reforms have been successful due to efforts made by the government in those states. There is a need to increase awareness in farmers about their rights, consolidation of land holding and explore new initiatives like Land Leasing, Contract Farming and Land Banks.

##Question:In view of the decling average size of land holding in India which has made agriculture non viable for the majority of farmers. Should the contract farming and land leasing be promoted in agriculture. Critically examine prose and cons. (200 words/10 marks)##Answer:APPROACH- - Introduction- Briefly discuss land reforms and their aims. - Discuss reasons for the failure of land reforms ANSWER- Land reforms were launched with the aim of improving agricultural productivity; improve the socio-economic conditions of farmers and having a more egalitarian society. It included measures and policies relating to the redistribution of land, regulation of rent, improving the conditions of tenancy, cooperative organisation, agricultural education, and so on. Many land reforms have been initiated since independence. REASONS FOR FAILURES OF THE LAND REFORMS 1. Abolition of intermediaries- Abolition of Zamindars and intermediaries happened to some extent that has reduced the extent of exploitation of farmers. However, there was a rise in absentee landlordism. Also, there was no security given to sharecroppers and tenant-at-will which led to these reforms being ineffective. 2. Tenancy Reforms- It aimed at regulation of rent, security of tenure and giving rights of ownership to tenants. The reforms have not been implemented properly and there has been a gross violation of the laws. The fact that many officials themselves were owners of farms, made it difficult to implement these reforms. 3. Consolidation of Land Holdings- It has been completed to some extent in the states of Punjab and Haryana. However, the absence of the will of farmers and poor land records has led to their poor implementation. 4. Computerization of Land Records- National Land Records Modernization Programmewas launched in 2008. However, the land records are maintained by various departments at district and village level that lack coordination. Negative attitude of bureaucracy and lack of digital infrastructure have led to poor maintenance of land records in India 5. Ceiling on Land Holdings- This reform has also seen very little success due to lack of political will, manipulation of land records due to the time lag between the passing of act and its implementation. Also land is a state subject due to which there is a huge variation in the implementation of these reforms across India. However, in few states like Kerala, West Bengal and Jammu & Kashmir land reforms have been successful due to efforts made by the government in those states. There is a need to increase awareness in farmers about their rights, consolidation of land holding and explore new initiatives like Land Leasing, Contract Farming and Land Banks.

33,149

In the view of the declining average size of land holdings in India which has made agriculture non – viable for a majority of farmers, should contract farming and land leasing is promoted in agriculture? Critically evaluate the pros and cons. (150 word | 10 marks)

,

##Question:In the view of the declining average size of land holdings in India which has made agriculture non – viable for a majority of farmers, should contract farming and land leasing is promoted in agriculture? Critically evaluate the pros and cons. (150 word | 10 marks)##Answer:,

33,151

Establish the relationship between land reforms, agriculture productivity and elimination of poverty in the Indian economy. Discuss the difficulties in designing and implementation in agriculture friendly land reforms in India. (150 word | 10 marks)

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##Question:Establish the relationship between land reforms, agriculture productivity and elimination of poverty in the Indian economy. Discuss the difficulties in designing and implementation in agriculture friendly land reforms in India. (150 word | 10 marks)##Answer:,

33,152

Explain the need to add DPSPs in the constitution. Also, analyse the rationale to keep them non- justiciable in nature. (200 words)

,

##Question:Explain the need to add DPSPs in the constitution. Also, analyse the rationale to keep them non- justiciable in nature. (200 words) ##Answer:,

33,153

Discuss the significance of DPSPs given under Part IV of the Indian constitution. (150 words)

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##Question:Discuss the significance of DPSPs given under Part IV of the Indian constitution. (150 words)##Answer:,

33,154

Explain the rationale behind making DPSPs non-justiciable. (150 words)

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##Question:Explain the rationale behind making DPSPs non-justiciable. (150 words)##Answer:,

33,155

दक्षिण –पश्चिम मानसून से देश के विभिन्न भागों में वर्षा के वितरण की सकारण चर्चा कीजिए | (200 शब्द )|

.

##Question:दक्षिण –पश्चिम मानसून से देश के विभिन्न भागों में वर्षा के वितरण की सकारण चर्चा कीजिए | (200 शब्द )|##Answer:.

33,156

निम्न पर टिप्पणी कीजिए 1. भारत में शीतकालीन वर्षा के क्षेत्र 2. राजस्थान व गुजरात में कम वर्षा के कारण

.

##Question:निम्न पर टिप्पणी कीजिए 1. भारत में शीतकालीन वर्षा के क्षेत्र 2. राजस्थान व गुजरात में कम वर्षा के कारण ##Answer:.

33,157

भारत के अपवाह तंत्र की संक्षिप्त चर्चा कीजिए तथा हिमालयी अपवाह तंत्र व प्रायद्वीपीय अपवाह तंत्र में अंतर के बिन्दुओं को रेखांकित कीजिए | (200 शब्द )|

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##Question:भारत के अपवाह तंत्र की संक्षिप्त चर्चा कीजिए तथा हिमालयी अपवाह तंत्र व प्रायद्वीपीय अपवाह तंत्र में अंतर के बिन्दुओं को रेखांकित कीजिए | (200 शब्द )|##Answer:,

33,158

“प्रायद्वीपीय भारत में पश्चिमी दिशा में बहने वाली नदियाँ डेल्टा का निर्माण नहीं करती ,जबकि पूर्व दिशा में बहने वाली नदियाँ डेल्टा का निर्माण करती हैं “ टिप्पणी कीजिए ( (200 शब्द )|

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##Question:“प्रायद्वीपीय भारत में पश्चिमी दिशा में बहने वाली नदियाँ डेल्टा का निर्माण नहीं करती ,जबकि पूर्व दिशा में बहने वाली नदियाँ डेल्टा का निर्माण करती हैं “ टिप्पणी कीजिए ( (200 शब्द )|##Answer:,

33,159

क्या कारण है कि प्रायद्वीपीय भारत में पश्चिमी भाग की नदियों के द्वारा डेल्टा का निर्माण नहीं होता है? चर्चा करें| (शब्द200

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##Question:क्या कारण है कि प्रायद्वीपीय भारत में पश्चिमी भाग की नदियों के द्वारा डेल्टा का निर्माण नहीं होता है? चर्चा करें| (शब्द200##Answer:,

33,160

जल संकट की समस्या को समझाएँ| जल संकट के कारणों एवं एवं उसके प्रभावों को कम करने के महत्वपूर्ण उपायों को बताएं|

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##Question:जल संकट की समस्या को समझाएँ| जल संकट के कारणों एवं एवं उसके प्रभावों को कम करने के महत्वपूर्ण उपायों को बताएं|##Answer:,

33,161

Examine the need to add DPSPs in the constitution? What was the rationale behind keeping them non-justiciable in nature?

,

##Question:Examine the need to add DPSPs in the constitution? What was the rationale behind keeping them non-justiciable in nature?##Answer:,

33,162

Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizen a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Policy?

,

##Question:Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizen a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Policy?##Answer:,

33,163

Examine the relation between Fundamental rights and Directive Principle of State Policy using various interpretation and judgement by judiciary in India?

,

##Question:Examine the relation between Fundamental rights and Directive Principle of State Policy using various interpretation and judgement by judiciary in India?##Answer:,

33,164

To what extent Justice has been done to the goals and objectives of Part IV of Indian constitution?

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##Question:To what extent Justice has been done to the goals and objectives of Part IV of Indian constitution?##Answer:,

33,165

Discuss the manner in which President of India is elected for the office?

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##Question:Discuss the manner in which President of India is elected for the office?##Answer:,

33,166

List down the Qualification to become President of India? Also define Office of Profit?

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##Question:List down the Qualification to become President of India? Also define Office of Profit?##Answer:,

33,167

Despite of the forests well developed in the equatorial and tropical regions of the world, yet lumbering industry is better developed in the cool temperate region. Discuss the factors for this. (200 words|

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##Question:Despite of the forests well developed in the equatorial and tropical regions of the world, yet lumbering industry is better developed in the cool temperate region. Discuss the factors for this. (200 words|##Answer:,

33,168

Marine diversity is tropical equatorial regions is very high, but fishing industry is not well developed in this region as compared to temperate regions. Discuss (150 words

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##Question:Marine diversity is tropical equatorial regions is very high, but fishing industry is not well developed in this region as compared to temperate regions. Discuss (150 words##Answer:,

33,169

Describe various characteristics of Commercial Livestock Rearing or Livestock Ranching. Discuss the significance of this type of farming. (150 words)

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##Question:Describe various characteristics of Commercial Livestock Rearing or Livestock Ranching. Discuss the significance of this type of farming. (150 words)##Answer:,

33,170

Congress of Vienna was the first collective security organization formed during the 19th century. Discuss the main objectives of Congress of Vienna and to what extent it succeeded in achieving them? (250 words)

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##Question:Congress of Vienna was the first collective security organization formed during the 19th century. Discuss the main objectives of Congress of Vienna and to what extent it succeeded in achieving them? (250 words)##Answer:,

33,171

Discuss the reasons for the defeat of Napoleon.

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##Question:Discuss the reasons for the defeat of Napoleon.##Answer:,

33,172

Write Short notes on (150 words|10 marks) Market Gardening or Truck farming Mediterranean Agriculture

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##Question:Write Short notes on (150 words|10 marks) Market Gardening or Truck farming Mediterranean Agriculture ##Answer:,

33,173

What was the role of Bismarck’s policies in German Unification.(10 marks/150 words)

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##Question:What was the role of Bismarck’s policies in German Unification.(10 marks/150 words)##Answer:,

33,174

Write a short note on role of Zollverein in German unification.(150 words/10Marks)

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##Question:Write a short note on role of Zollverein in German unification.(150 words/10Marks)##Answer:,

33,175

To what extent the growth of German Unification received support of the Capitalist Class. Discuss.

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##Question:To what extent the growth of German Unification received support of the Capitalist Class. Discuss.##Answer:,

33,176

भारत में राज्यों के गठन एवं पुनर्गठन से संबंधित संवैधानिक उपबंध का वर्णन करते हुए नवीन राज्य के निर्माण प्रक्रिया का संक्षिप्त विश्लेषित कीजिये |(200 शब्द)

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##Question:भारत में राज्यों के गठन एवं पुनर्गठन से संबंधित संवैधानिक उपबंध का वर्णन करते हुए नवीन राज्य के निर्माण प्रक्रिया का संक्षिप्त विश्लेषित कीजिये |(200 शब्द)##Answer:,

33,177

भारत में परिसंघीय राज्य व्यवस्था पर प्रभाव डालने वाले करको का जिक्र करें । क्या बहुदलीय शासन प्रणाली में क्षेत्रीय दलों की अतिजीविता संघ को मजबूत बनाए रखने के लिए आवश्यक है ? स्पष्ट करें | (200 शब्द

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##Question:भारत में परिसंघीय राज्य व्यवस्था पर प्रभाव डालने वाले करको का जिक्र करें । क्या बहुदलीय शासन प्रणाली में क्षेत्रीय दलों की अतिजीविता संघ को मजबूत बनाए रखने के लिए आवश्यक है ? स्पष्ट करें | (200 शब्द##Answer:,

33,178

मृदा निर्माण के लिए प्रमुख रूप से उत्तरदायी कारक कौन-कौन से हैं? साथ ही प्रकृति एवं गुणों के आधार पर भारतीय मृदा के वर्गीकरण पर भी प्रकाश डालें| (शब्द200

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##Question:मृदा निर्माण के लिए प्रमुख रूप से उत्तरदायी कारक कौन-कौन से हैं? साथ ही प्रकृति एवं गुणों के आधार पर भारतीय मृदा के वर्गीकरण पर भी प्रकाश डालें| (शब्द200##Answer:,

33,179

Bring out the difference between the parliamentary and presidential forms of government. Discuss the benefits of the Parliamentary system in the context of India. (150 words/10 marks)

Parliamentary System The Constitution of India provides for a parliamentary form ofgovernment, both at the Centre and in the states. Articles 74 and 75 dealwith the parliamentary system at the Centre and Articles 163 and 164 in thestates. Modern democratic governments are classified into parliamentary and presidential on the basis of the nature of relations between the executive and the legislative organs of the government. The parliamentary system of government is the one in which the executive is responsible to the legislature for its policies and acts. The presidential system of government, on the other hand, is one in which the executive is not responsible to the legislature for its policies and acts, and is constitutionally independent of the legislature in respect of its term of office. The parliamentary government is also known as cabinet government or responsible government or Westminster model of government and is prevalent in Britain, Japan, Canada, and India among others. The presidential government, on the other hand, is also known as the non-responsible or nonparliamentary or fixed executive system of government and is prevalent in the USA, Brazil, Russia, and Sri Lanka among others. Difference between Parliamentary and Presidential system Parliamentary 1. Dual executive.2. Majority party rule 3. Collective responsibility. 4. Political homogeneity 5. Double membership.6. The leadership of the Prime minister.7. Dissolution of Lower House.8. A fusion of powers. Presidential system 1. Single executive.2. President and legislators are elected separately for a fixed term.3. Non-responsibility 4. Political homogeneity may not exist.5. Single membership 6. Domination of the resident. 7. No dissolution of Lower House.8. Separation of powers. Benefits The parliamentary system is more suitable for India. Here the member of the COM is drawn taken from the legislature /parliament .which in itself is a mini India. That is having a representation of every section of society. Thus com can also be diversely composed. Reflecting the aspiration of the heterogeneous population of India. The parliamentary system provide system provides for direct continuous and concurrent control of people and parliament over the executive .which is better than the periodic control over the executive seen in the Presidential system The parliamentary system provides close cooperation and coordination and cooperation between the executive and legislature because which functioning of the executive and government becomes smooth on the other hand in the presidential system .there is a complete separation of power which cause frequent confrontation and clashes between executive and legislature. Indian are familiar with the parliamentary system since British times which makes sense to continue with it even now. In the parliamentary system there is a direct election to parliament only and not to the office of pm .that is the parliamentary system people choose a local representative and not PM directly .which is good for a country like India .which so big and diverse because of which one man that is head of government cannot understand the diverse aspiration of the heterogeneous groups in Indian population Often political instability is given a strong argument,but in reality, the parliamentary system inherently does not carry this problem since the same parliamentary system has provided for a stable government in the UK as well as in Canada UK and even in India for the last 2 decades, in fact, the potential instability of the executive or com is major because no com has been able to full fill the aspiration of all the sections of Indian society and does not been absolutely popular proved by the fact that till now no political party has got even fifty per cent of the votes in Lok sabha election .insatbility is also because of coalition partners blackmailing the Government for vested interest and misusing the tool of no-confidence motion for the right purpose Way Forward Responsible voting -People can vote responsible for taking care of Pros and Cons. We can replace a tool of non-confidence motion with the constructive motion of non-confidence .constructive motion of no confidence.it is a general concept in which the opposition introduces two motion simultaneously in the lower house of the parliament first motion express the lack of confidence of the house in com but the second motion represent the confidence of the house in the leader from the opposition both the motion is put to vote simultaneously if both are passed it amounts to house expressing .thus current com goes out of the office and a new government comes to power without going for reelection .however if the first motion is passed and second defeated than current com remain in the office .then the current com will remain in the office leading to the stability. because of the fear of instability in the parliamentary system Com is mostly concerned about political survival rather than administration of the country and thus may not take a bold decision. horse-trading and defection are more common in the parliamentary system .legislature control over the executive was its basic benefit. but in reality, this control is more of a myth in fact it is the executive .which controls the legislature

##Question:Bring out the difference between the parliamentary and presidential forms of government. Discuss the benefits of the Parliamentary system in the context of India. (150 words/10 marks)##Answer:Parliamentary System The Constitution of India provides for a parliamentary form ofgovernment, both at the Centre and in the states. Articles 74 and 75 dealwith the parliamentary system at the Centre and Articles 163 and 164 in thestates. Modern democratic governments are classified into parliamentary and presidential on the basis of the nature of relations between the executive and the legislative organs of the government. The parliamentary system of government is the one in which the executive is responsible to the legislature for its policies and acts. The presidential system of government, on the other hand, is one in which the executive is not responsible to the legislature for its policies and acts, and is constitutionally independent of the legislature in respect of its term of office. The parliamentary government is also known as cabinet government or responsible government or Westminster model of government and is prevalent in Britain, Japan, Canada, and India among others. The presidential government, on the other hand, is also known as the non-responsible or nonparliamentary or fixed executive system of government and is prevalent in the USA, Brazil, Russia, and Sri Lanka among others. Difference between Parliamentary and Presidential system Parliamentary 1. Dual executive.2. Majority party rule 3. Collective responsibility. 4. Political homogeneity 5. Double membership.6. The leadership of the Prime minister.7. Dissolution of Lower House.8. A fusion of powers. Presidential system 1. Single executive.2. President and legislators are elected separately for a fixed term.3. Non-responsibility 4. Political homogeneity may not exist.5. Single membership 6. Domination of the resident. 7. No dissolution of Lower House.8. Separation of powers. Benefits The parliamentary system is more suitable for India. Here the member of the COM is drawn taken from the legislature /parliament .which in itself is a mini India. That is having a representation of every section of society. Thus com can also be diversely composed. Reflecting the aspiration of the heterogeneous population of India. The parliamentary system provide system provides for direct continuous and concurrent control of people and parliament over the executive .which is better than the periodic control over the executive seen in the Presidential system The parliamentary system provides close cooperation and coordination and cooperation between the executive and legislature because which functioning of the executive and government becomes smooth on the other hand in the presidential system .there is a complete separation of power which cause frequent confrontation and clashes between executive and legislature. Indian are familiar with the parliamentary system since British times which makes sense to continue with it even now. In the parliamentary system there is a direct election to parliament only and not to the office of pm .that is the parliamentary system people choose a local representative and not PM directly .which is good for a country like India .which so big and diverse because of which one man that is head of government cannot understand the diverse aspiration of the heterogeneous groups in Indian population Often political instability is given a strong argument,but in reality, the parliamentary system inherently does not carry this problem since the same parliamentary system has provided for a stable government in the UK as well as in Canada UK and even in India for the last 2 decades, in fact, the potential instability of the executive or com is major because no com has been able to full fill the aspiration of all the sections of Indian society and does not been absolutely popular proved by the fact that till now no political party has got even fifty per cent of the votes in Lok sabha election .insatbility is also because of coalition partners blackmailing the Government for vested interest and misusing the tool of no-confidence motion for the right purpose Way Forward Responsible voting -People can vote responsible for taking care of Pros and Cons. We can replace a tool of non-confidence motion with the constructive motion of non-confidence .constructive motion of no confidence.it is a general concept in which the opposition introduces two motion simultaneously in the lower house of the parliament first motion express the lack of confidence of the house in com but the second motion represent the confidence of the house in the leader from the opposition both the motion is put to vote simultaneously if both are passed it amounts to house expressing .thus current com goes out of the office and a new government comes to power without going for reelection .however if the first motion is passed and second defeated than current com remain in the office .then the current com will remain in the office leading to the stability. because of the fear of instability in the parliamentary system Com is mostly concerned about political survival rather than administration of the country and thus may not take a bold decision. horse-trading and defection are more common in the parliamentary system .legislature control over the executive was its basic benefit. but in reality, this control is more of a myth in fact it is the executive .which controls the legislature

33,180

Write a short note on the office of:- (50 words each) 1. Attorney general of India 2. Solicitor general

,

##Question:Write a short note on the office of:- (50 words each) 1. Attorney general of India 2. Solicitor general##Answer:,

33,181

Why Rajya Sabha is called as house of states? Discuss the special powers of Rajya Sabha

,

##Question:Why Rajya Sabha is called as house of states? Discuss the special powers of Rajya Sabha##Answer:,

33,182

Napoleon was the child of the Revolution, but in many ways he reversed the aims and principles of the movement from which he sprang.” Comment. (200 words|

,

##Question:Napoleon was the child of the Revolution, but in many ways he reversed the aims and principles of the movement from which he sprang.” Comment. (200 words|##Answer:,

33,183

Napoleon’s failure was triggered by his own political and economic policies. Discuss

,

##Question:Napoleon’s failure was triggered by his own political and economic policies. Discuss##Answer:,

33,184

Discuss the factors that led to the rise of Napoleon and the role played by Napoleon during the 1790 to 1815 period.

,

##Question:Discuss the factors that led to the rise of Napoleon and the role played by Napoleon during the 1790 to 1815 period.##Answer:,

33,185

To what extent did Napoleon upheld the ideas of French Revolution?

,

##Question:To what extent did Napoleon upheld the ideas of French Revolution?##Answer:,

33,186

To what extent did Napoleon’s economic war with England become his undoing

,

##Question:To what extent did Napoleon’s economic war with England become his undoing##Answer:,

33,187

What was the continental policy of Napoleon? Discuss the successes and failures of the policy?

,

##Question:What was the continental policy of Napoleon? Discuss the successes and failures of the policy?##Answer:,

33,188

The formation and nature of a soil depends on a number of factors other than the parent rock. Explain through examples of Indian soil types. (200 words)

,

##Question:The formation and nature of a soil depends on a number of factors other than the parent rock. Explain through examples of Indian soil types. (200 words)##Answer:,

33,189

Explain the changes brought by British colonial rulers in the agricultural setup of India. (150 words| 10 marks)

,

##Question:Explain the changes brought by British colonial rulers in the agricultural setup of India. (150 words| 10 marks)##Answer:,

33,190