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with a person, he can confer upon him the states of ether Brahma or of Kesava or of Sakra with all the deities under him, or the
sovereignty of the three worlds. Those men, O sire, who worship Bhava even mentally, succeed in freeing themselves from all
sins and attain to a residence in heaven with all the gods. A person who raises houses to the ground and destroys tanks and
lakes indeed, who devastates the whole universe, does not become stained with sin, if he adores and worships the illustrious
Deity of three eyes. A person that is destitute of every auspicious indication and that is stained by every sin, has all his sins
destroyed by meditating upon Siva. Even worm and insects and birds, O Kesava, that devote themselves to Mahadeva, are
enabled to rove in perfect fearlessness. Even this is my settled conviction that those men who devote themselves to Mahadeva
become certainly emancipated from rebirth. After this, Krishna again addressed Yudhishthira the son of Dharma in the
following words.
"Vishnu said, O Great King, 'Aditya, Chandra, Wind, Fire, Heaven, Earth, the Vasus, the Viswedevas, Dhatri, Aryyaman,
Sukra, Vrihaspati, the Rudras, the Saddhyas, Varuna, Brahma, Sakra, Maruts, the Upanishads that deal with knowledge of
Brahman, Truth, the Vedas, the Sacrifices, Sacrificial Presents, Brahmanas reciting the Vedas, Soma, Sacrificer, the shares of
the deities in sacrificial offerings or clarified butter poured in sacrifices, Raksha, Diksha, all kinds of restraints in the form of
vows and fasts and rigid observances, Swaha, Vashat, the Brahmanas, the celestial cow, the foremost acts of righteousness, the
wheel of Time, Strength, Fame, Self-restraint, the Steadiness of all persons endued with intelligence, all acts of goodness and
the reverse, the seven Rishis, Understanding of the foremost order, all kinds of excellent touch, the success of all (religious)
acts, the diverse tribes of the deities, those beings that drink heat, those that are drinkers of Soma, Clouds, Suyamas, Rishitas,
all creatures having Mantras for their bodies, Abhasuras, those beings that live upon scents only, those that live upon vision
only, those that restrain their speech, those that restrain their minds, those that are pure, those that are capable of assuming
diverse forms through Yoga-puissance, those deities that live on touch (as their food), those deities that subsist on vision and
those that subsist upon the butter poured in sacrifices, those beings that are competent to create by fiats of their will the objects
they require, they that are regarded as the foremost ones among the deities, and all the other deities, O descendant of Ajamila,
the Suparnas, the Gandharvas, the Pisachas, the Danavas, Yakshas, the Charanas, the snakes, all that is gross and all that is
exceedingly subtile, all that is soft and all that is not subtile, all sorrows and all joys, all sorrows that come after joy and all joy
that comes after sorrow, the Sankhya philosophy, Yoga, and that which transcends objects which are regarded as foremost and
very superior,--all adorable things, all the deities, and all the protectors of the universe who entering into the physical forces
sustain and uphold this ancient creation of that illustrious Deity,--have sprung from that Creator of all creatures. All this that I
have mentioned is grosser than that which the wise think of with the aid of Penances. Indeed, that subtile Brahma is the cause
of life. I bow my head in reverence to it. Let that immutable and indestructible Master, always adored by us, grant us desirable
boons. That person who, subjugating his senses and purifying himself, recites this hymn, without interruption in respect of his
vow, for one month, succeeds in obtaining the merit that is attached to a Horse-sacrifice. By reciting this hymn the Brahmana
succeeds in acquiring all the Vedas; the Kshatriya becomes crowned with victory, O son of Pritha; the Vaisya becomes
successful in obtaining wealth and cleverness; and the Sudra, in winning happiness here and a good end hereafter. Persons of
great fame, by reciting this prince of hymns that is competent to cleanse every sin and that is highly sacred and purifying, set
their hearts on Rudra. A man by reciting this prince of hymns succeeds in living in heaven for as many years as there are pores
in his body.'"
SECTION XIX
"Yudhishthira said, 'I ask, O chief of Bharata's race, what is the origin of the saying, about discharging all duties jointly at the
time of a person's taking the hand of his spouse in marriage? Is that saying in respect of discharging all duties together, due
only to what is laid down by the great Rishis in days of yore, or does it refer to the duty of begetting offspring from religious
motives, or has it reference to only the carnal pleasure that is expected from such union? I he doubt that fills my mind in this
respect is very great. What is spoken of as joint duties by the sages is in my consideration incorrect. That which is called in this
world the union for practising all duties together ceases with death and is not to be seen to subsist hereafter. This union for
practising all duties together leads to heaven. But heaven, O grandsire, is attained to by persons that are dead. Of a married
couple it is seen that only one dies at a time. Where does the other then remain? Do tell me this. Men attain to diverse kinds of
fruits by practising diverse kinds of duties. The occupations again, to which men betake themselves are of diverse kinds.
Diverse, again, are the hells to which they go in consequence of such diversity of duties and acts. Women, in particular, the
Rishis have said, are false in behaviour. When human beings are such, and when women in particular have been declared in the
ordinances to be false, how, O sire, can there be a union between the sexes for purposes of practising all duties together? In the
very Vedas one may read that women are false. The word 'Duty', as used in the Vedas, seems to have been coined in the first
instance for general application (so that it is applied to practices that have no merit in them). Hence the application of that word
to the rites of marriage is, instead of being correct, only a form of speech forcibly applied where application it has none.[187]
The subject seems to me to be inexplicable although I reflect upon it incessantly. O grandsire, O thou of great wisdom, it
behoveth thee to expound this to me in detail, clearly and according to what has been laid down in the Sruti. In fact, do thou
explain to me what its characteristics are, and the way in which it has come to pass!'[188]
"Bhishma said, 'In this connection is cited the old narrative of the discourse between Ashtavakra and the lady known by the
name of Disa. In days of yore Ashtavakra of severe penances, desirous of marriage, begged the high-souled Rishi Vadanya of
his daughter. The name by which the damsel was known was Suprabha. In beauty she was unrivalled on Earth. In virtues,
dignity, conduct, and manners, she was superior to all the girls. By a glance alone that girl of beautiful eyes had robbed him of
his heart even as a delightful grove in spring, adorned with flowers, robs the spectator of his heart. The Rishi addressed
Ashtavakra and said,--Yes, I shall bestow my daughter on thee. Listen, however, to me. Make a journey to the sacred North.
Thou wilt see many things there!'[189]
"Ashtavakra said, 'It behoveth thee to tell me what I shall see in that region. Indeed, I am ready to execute whatever command
may be laid upon me by thee.'"
"Vadanya said, 'Passing over the dominions of the lord of Treasures thou will cross the Himavat mountains. Thou wilt then
behold the plateau on which Rudra resides. It is inhabited by Siddhas and Charanas. It abounds with the associates of
Mahadeva, frolicsome and fond of dance and possessed of diverse forms. It is peopled with also many Pisachas, O master, of
diverse forms and all daubed with fragrant powders of diverse hues, and dancing with joyous hearts in accompaniment with
instruments of different kinds made of brass. Surrounded by these who move with electric rapidity in the mazes of the dance or
refrain at times altogether from forward or backward or transverse motion of every kind, Mahadeva dwells there. That
delightful spot on the mountains, we have heard, is the favourite abode of the great Deity. It is said that that great god as also
his associates are always present there. It was there that the goddess Uma practised the severest austerities for the sake of
(obtaining for her lord) the three-eyed Deity. Hence, it is said, that spot is much liked by both Mahadeva and Uma. In days of
yore there, on the heights of the Mahaparswa, which are situate to the north of the mountains sacred to Mahadeva, the sessions,
and the last Night, and many deities, and many human beings also (of the foremost order), in their embodied forms, had adored
Mahadeva.[190] Thou shalt cross that region also in thy northward journey. Thou will then see a beautiful and charming forest
blue of hue and resembling a mass of clouds. There, in that forest, thou wilt behold a beautiful female ascetic looking like Sree
herself. Venerable in age and highly blessed, she is in the observance of the Diksha. Beholding her there thou shouldst duly
worship her with reverence. Returning to this place after having beheld her, thou wilt take the hand of my daughter in marriage.
If thou wanteth to make this agreement, proceed then on thy journey and do what I command thee.'"
"Ashtavakra said, 'So be it. I shall do thy bidding. Verily, I shall proceed to that region which thou speakest of, O thou of
righteous soul. On thy side, let thy words, accord with truth.'"
"Bhishma continued, "The illustrious Ashtavakra set out on his journey. He proceeded more and more towards the north and at
last reached the Himavat mountains peopled by Siddhas and Charanas.[191] Arrived at the Himavat mountains, that foremost
of Brahamanas then came upon the sacred river Vahuda whose waters produce great merit. He bathed in one of the delightful
Tirthas of that river, which was free from mud, and gratified the deities with oblations of water. His ablutions being over, he
spread a quantity of Kusa grass and laid himself down upon it for resting awhile at his ease.[192] Passing the night in this way,
the Brahmana rose with the day. He once more performed his ablutions in the sacred waters of the Vahuda and then ignited his
homa fire and worshipped it with the aid of many foremost of Vedic mantras.[193] He then worshipped with due rites both
Rudra and his spouse Uma, and rested for some more time by the side of that lake in the course of the Vahuda whose shores he
had reached. Refreshed by such rest, he set out from that region and then proceeded towards Kailasa. He then beheld a gate of
gold that seemed to blaze with beauty. He saw also the Mandakini and the Nalini of the high-souled Kuvera, the Lord of