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"Bhishma continued, 'Having heard these words of the self-born Brahman, O Yudhishthira, Sakra of a thousand eyes began
from that time to worship kine every day and to show them the greatest respect. I have thus told thee everything about the
sanctifying character of kine, O thou of greet splendour. The sacred and high pre-eminence and glory of kine, that is capable of
cleansing one from every sin, has, O chief of men, been thus explained to thee. That man who with senses withdrawn from
every other object will recite this account unto Brahmanas, on occasions when Havya and Kavya are offered, or at sacrifices, or
on occasions of adoring the Pitris, succeeds in conferring upon his ancestors an inexhaustible felicity fraught with the fruition
of every wish. That man who is devoted to kine succeeds in obtaining the fruition of every wish of his. Indeed, even those
women that are devoted to kine succeed in obtaining the accomplishment of every wish of theirs. He that desireth sons
obtaineth them. He that desireth daughters obtaineth them. He that desireth wealth succeedeth in aquiring it and he that desireth
religious merit succeedeth in winning it. He that desireth knowledge acquireth it and he that desireth felicity succeedeth in
acquiring it. Indeed, O Bharata, there is nothing that is unattainable to one that is devoted to kine.'"
SECTION LXXXIV
"Yudhishthira said, 'Thou hast, O grandsire, discoursed to me on the gift of kine that is fraught with great merit. In the case of
kings observant of their duties, that gift is most meritorious. Sovereignty is always painful. It is incapable of being borne by
persons of uncleansed souls. In the generality of cases, kings fail to attain to auspicious ends. By always making, however,
gifts of earth, they succeed in cleansing themselves (of all their sins). Thou hast, O prince of Kuru's race, discoursed to me on
many duties. Thou hast discoursed to me on the gifts of kine made by king Nriga in days of old. The Rishi Nachiketa, in
ancient times, had discoursed on the merits of this act. The Vedas and the Upanishads also have laid down that in all
sacrifices,--in fact, in all kinds of religious acts,--the Dakshina should be earth or kine or gold. The Srutis, however, declare
that in all Dakshinas, gold is superior and is, indeed, the best. I desire, O grandsire, to hear thee discourse truly on this topic.
What is gold? How did it spring up? When did it come into existence? What is its essence? Who is its presiding deity? What
are its fruits? Why is it regarded as the foremost of all things? For what reason do men of wisdom applaud the gift of gold? For
what reason is gold regarded as the best Dakshinas in all sacrifices? Why also is gold regarded as a cleanser superior to earth
itself and kine? Why, indeed, is it regarded so superior as a Dakshina? Do thou, O grandsire, discourse to me on all this!'
"Bhishma said, Listen, O king, with concentrated attention to me as I recite to thee in detail the circumstances connected with
the origin of gold as understood by me. When my father Santanu of great energy departed from this world, I proceeded to
Gangadwara for performing his Sraddha. Arrived there, I commenced the Sraddha of my father. My mother Jahnavi, coming
there, rendered me great help. Inviting many ascetics crowned with success and causing them to take their seats before me, I
commenced the preliminary rites consisting of gifts of water and of other things. Having with a concentrated mind performed
all preliminary rites as laid down in the scriptures, I set myself to duly offer the obsequial cake. I then saw, O king, that a
handsome arm, adorned with Angadas and other ornaments, rose up, piercing the ground, through the blades of Kusa grass
which I had spread. Beholding that arm rise from the ground, I became filled with wonder. Indeed, O chief of Bharata's race, I
thought that my father had come himself for accepting the cake I was about to offer. Reflecting then, by the light of the
scriptures, the conviction soon came upon me that the ordinance does occur in the Vedas that the cake should not be presented
into the hand of him whose Sraddha is performed. Even this was the conviction that took possession of my mind, viz., that the
obsequial cake should never be presented in this world by a man into the visible hand of the man whose obsequial rites are
performed. The Pitris do not come in their visible forms for taking the cake. On the other hand, the ordinance provides that it
should be presented on the blades of Kusa grass spread on the earth for the purpose. I then, disregarding that hand which
constituted an indication of my father's presence, and recollecting the true ordinance depending upon the authority of the
scriptures respecting the mode of presenting the cake, offered the entire cake, O chief of the Bharatas, upon those blades of
Kusa grass that were spread before me. Know, O prince of men, that what I did was perfectly consistent with the scriptural
ordinance. After this, the arm of my sire, O monarch, vanished in our very sight. On that night as I slept, the Pitris appeared to
me in a dream. Gratified with me they said, O chief of Bharata's race, even these words, 'We have been pleased with thee, for
the indication thou hast afforded today of thy adherence to the ordinance. It has pleased us to see that thou hast not swerved
from the injunctions of the scriptures. The scriptural ordinance, having been followed by thee, has become more authoritative,
O king. By such conduct thou hast honoured and maintained the authority of thyself, the scriptures, the auditions of the Vedas,
the Pitris and the Rishis, the Grandsire Brahman himself, and those seniors, viz., the Prajapatis. Adherence to the scriptures has
been maintained. Thou hast today, O chief of the Bharatas, acted very properly. Thou hast made gifts of earth and kine. Do
thou make gifts of gold. The gifts of gold is very cleansing. O thou that art well-conversant with duties, know that by such acts
of thine, both ourselves and our forefathers will all be cleansed of all our sins. Such gifts rescue both ancestors and descendants
to the tenth degree of the person who makes them.' Even these were the words that my ancestors, appearing unto me in a
dream, said unto me, I then awoke, O king, and became filled with wonder. Indeed, O chief of Bharata's race, I set my heart
then upon making gifts of gold. Listen now, monarch, to this old history. It is highly praiseworthy and it extends the period of
his life who listens to it. It was first recited to Rama, the son of Jamadagni In former days Jamadagni's son Rama, filled with
great wrath, exterminated the Kshatriyas from off the face of the earth for thrice seven times. Having subjugated the entire
earth the heroic Rama of eyes like lotus-petals began to make preparations for performing a Horse-sacrifice, O king, that is
praised by all Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and that is capable of granting the fruition of every wish. That sacrifice cleanses all
creatures and enhances the energy and splendour of those who succeed in performing it. Endued with great energy, Rama, by
the performance of that sacrifice became purified. Having, however, performed that foremost of sacrifices, the high-souled
Rama failed yet to attain to perfect lightness of heart. Repairing unto Rishis conversant with every branch of learning as also
the deities, Rama of Bhrigu's race questioned them. Filled with repentance and compassion, he addressed them, saying, 'Ye
highly blessed ones, do ye declare that which is more cleansing still for men engaged in fierce deeds.' Thus addressed by him,
those great Rishis, fully acquainted with the Vedas and the scriptures, answered him, saying, 'O Rama, guided by the authority
of the Vedas, do thou honour all learned Brahmanas. Following this conduct for some time do thou once more ask the
regenerate Rishis as to what should be done by thee for cleansing thyself. Follow the advice which those persons of great
wisdom give.' Repairing then to Vasishtha and Agastya and Kasyapa, that delighter of the Bhrigus, endued with great energy,
asked them that question, 'Ye foremost of Brahmanas, even this is the wish that has arisen in my heart. How, indeed, may I
succeed in cleansing myself? By what acts and rites may this be brought about? Or, if by gifts, what is that article by giving
away which this wish of mine may be accomplished? Ye foremost or righteous persons, if your minds be inclined to do me a
favour, then do tell me, ye that are endued with wealth of asceticism, what is that by which I may succeed in cleansing myself.'
"The Rishis said, 'O delighter of the Bhrigus, the mortal that has sinned becomes cleansed by making gifts of kine, of earth, and
of wealth. Even this is what we have heard. There is another gift that is regarded as a great cleanser. Listen to us, O regenerate
Rishi, as we discourse on it. That article is excellent and is endued with wonderful aspect and is, besides, the offspring of Fire.
In days of yore, the god Agni burnt all the world. It has been heard by us that from his seed sprung gold of bright complexion.
It came to be celebrated under the name of good complexioned. By making gifts of gold thou art sure to have thy wish crowned
with fruition. Then the illustrious Vasishtha in especial, of rigid vows, addressing him, said, 'Hear, O Rama, how gold, which
has the splendour of fire sprang into existence. That gold will confer merit on thee. In matters of gifts, gold is highly
applauded. I shall also tell thee what is gold, whence it has come, and how it has come to be invested with superior attributes.
Listen to me, O thou of mighty arms, as I discourse upon these topics. Know this as certain that gold is of the essence of Fire
and Soma. The goat is Fire (for it given, it leads to the region of the deity of fire); the sheep is Varuna (for if leads to the region
of Varuna the lord of waters); the horse is Surya (for if leads to the region of Surya); elephants are Nagas (for they lead to the
world of Nagas); buffaloes are Asuras (for they lead to the region of Asuras); cocks and boars are Rakshasas (for they lead to
the regions of the Rakshasas), O delighter of the Bhrigus; earth is sacrifice, kine, water, and Soma (for it leads to the merits of
sacrifice, and to the region of kine, of the lord of waters and of Soma). Even these are the declarations of the Smritis. Churning
the entire universe, a mass of energy was found. That energy is gold. Hence, O regenerate Rishi, compared to all these objects
(which I have named above) gold is certainly superior. It is a precious thing, high and excellent.'[383] It is for this reason that
the deities and Gandharvas and Uragas and Rakshasas and human beings and Pisachas hold it with care. All these beings, O
son of Bhrigu's race, shine in splendour, with the aid of gold, after converting it into crowns and armlets and diverse kinds of
ornaments. It is also for this reason that gold is regarded as the most cleansing of all cleansing things such as earth and kine and
all other kinds of wealth, O prince of men. The gift of gold, O puissant king, is the highest gift. It is distinguished above the
gifts of earth, of kine, and of all other things, O thou that art endued with the effulgence of an immortal, gold is an eternal
cleanser. Do thou make gifts of it unto the foremost of Brahmanas as it is the foremost of cleansing things. Of all kinds of
Dakshina, gold is the best. They who make gifts of gold are said to be givers of all things. Indeed, they who make gifts of gold
come to be regarded as givers of deities. Agni is all the deities in one, and gold has Agni for its essence. Hence it is that the
person who makes gifts of gold gives away all the deities. Hence, O chief of men, there is no gift higher than the gift of gold.'