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way in both the summer and the winter seasons, becomes freed from every sin. Cleansed of every sin, one acquires a splendour
of complexion for all time. Such a man blazes with energy like the Sun or shines in beauty like the Moon!' After this, the chief
of the deities, viz., he of a hundred sacrifices, seated in the midst of the gods, then sweetly addressed Vrihaspati, saying these
excellent words, 'O holy one, do thou duly discourse on what those mysteries of religion are that are fraught with happiness to
human beings, and what the faults are which they commit, together with the mysteries that attach to them!'
"Vrihaspati said, 'They who pass urine, facing the sun, they who do not show reverence for the wind, they who do not pour
libations on the blazing fire, they who milk a cow whose calf is very young, moved by the desire of obtaining from her as much
milk as possible, commit sins. I shall declare what those faults are, O lord of Sachi! Do thou listen to me. The Sun, Wind, the
bearer of sacrificial oblations, O Vasava, and kine who are the mothers of all creatures, were created by the Self born himself,
for rescuing all the worlds, O Sakra! These are the deities of human beings. Listen all of ye to the conclusions of religion.
Those wicked men and wicked women who pass urine facing the sun, live in great infamy for six and eighty years. That man,
O Sakra, who cherishes no reverence for the wind, gets children that fall away prematurely from the womb of his spouse.
Those men who do not pour libations on the blazing fire find that the fire, when they do ignite it for such rites as they wish to
perform, refuses to eat their libations[544]. Those men who drink the milk of kine whose calves are very young, never get
children for perpetuating their races.[545] Such men see their children, die and their races shrink. Even these are the
consequences of the acts referred to, as observed by regenerate persons venerable for age in their respective races. Hence, one
should always avoid that which has been interdicted, and do only that which has been directed to be done, if one is desirous of
achieving prosperity. This that I say unto thee is very true.' After the celestial preceptor had said this, the highly blessed deities,
with the Maruts, and the highly blessed Rishis questioned the Pitris, saying, 'Ye Pitris, at what acts of human beings, who are
generally endued with little understanding, do ye become gratified? What gifts, made in course of such rites as are gone
through for improving the position of deceased persons in the other world, become inexhaustible in respect of their
efficacy?[546] By performing what acts can men become freed from the debt they owe to the Pitris? We desire to hear this.
Great is the curiosity we feel.'
"The Pitris said, 'Ye highly blessed ones, the doubt existing in your minds has been properly propounded. Listen as we declare
what those acts are of righteous men that gratify us. Bulls endued with blue complexion should be set free. Gifts should be
made to us, on the day of the new moon, of sesame seeds and water. In the season of rains, lamps should be lighted. By these
acts of men, they can free themselves from the debt they owe to the Pitris.[547] Such gifts never become vain. On the other
hand, they become inexhaustible and productive of high fruits. The gratification we derive from them is regarded to be
inexhaustible. Those men who, endued with faith, beget offspring, rescue their deceased ancestors from miserable Hell'.
Hearing these words of the Pitris, Vriddha-Gargya, possessed of wealth of penances and high energy, became filled with
wonder so that the hair on his body stood erect. Addressing them he said, 'Ye that are all possessed of wealth of penances, tell
us. what the merits are that attach to the setting free of bulls endued with blue complexion. What merits, again, attach to the
gift of lamps in the season of rains and the gift of water with sesame seeds?'
"The Pitris said, 'If a bull of blue complexion, upon being set free, raises a (small) quantity of water with its tail, the Pitris (of
the person that has set that bull free) become gratified with that water for full sixty thousand years. The mud such a bull raises
with its horns from the banks (of a river or lake), succeeds, without doubt, in sending the Pitris (of the person that sets the
animal free) to the region of Soma. By giving lamps in the season of rains, one shines with effulgence like Soma himself. The
man who gives lamps is never subject to the attribute of Darkness. Those men who make gifts, on the day of the new moon, of
sesame seeds and water, mixed with honey and using a vessel of copper, O thou that art possessed of wealth of penances, are
regarded as duly performing a Sraddha with all its mysteries. These men get children of sound health and cheerful minds. The
merit acquired by the giver of the Pinda (to the Pitris) takes the form of the growth of his race. Verily, he who performs these
acts with faith, becomes freed from the debt he owes to the Pitris. Even thus has been laid down the proper time for the
performance of the Sraddha, the ordinance in respect of the rites to be observed, the proper person that should be fed at the
Sraddha, and the merits that attach to it. I have declared everything to thee in due order.'
SECTION CXXVI
"Bhishma said, 'The chief of the deities, Indra, after the Pitri has ceased to speak, addressed the puissant Hari, saying, 'O Lord,
what are those acts by which thou becomest gratified? How, indeed, do men succeed in gratifying thee?'
"Vishnu said, "That which I greatly hate is the detraction of Brahmanas; without doubt, if the Brahmanas are worshipped, I
regard myself worshipped. All superior Brahmanas should always be saluted with reverence, after feeding them with
hospitality. One should reverence one's own feet also (in the evening). I am gratified with men who act in this way, as also with
those who worship and make offerings to the whirl that is noticeable on cowdung (when it first drops from the cow)[548]. They
who behold a Brahmana that is a dwarf in stature, or a boar that has just risen from water and that bears on his head a quantity
of mud taken up from the bank, have never to meet with any evil. They become freed from every sin. That man who worships
every day the Aswattha (Ficus religiosa) and the substance called Gorochana and the cow, is regarded as worshipping the
whole universe with the deities and Asuras and human beings. Verily, staying within these, I accept, in my own form, the
worship that is offered to them. The worship that is offered to these is the worship offered to me. This has been so as long as
the worlds have been created. Those men of little understanding that worship me in a different way worship me in vain, for the
worship of that kind I never accept. Verily, the worship of other kinds is not at all gratifying to me.'
"Indra said, 'Why dost thou applaud the circular marks on cowdung, the feet, the boar, the Brahmana that is a dwarf in stature,
and mud raised up from the soil? It is thou who createst and it is thou who destroyest them. Thou art the eternal nature of all
mortal or transitory things:'
"Bhishma continued, 'Hearing these words of Indra. Vishnu smiled a little and then said, 'It was with my circular disc that the
Daityas were slain. It was with my two feet that the world was covered. Assuming the form of a boar I slew Hiranyaksha.
Assuming the form of a dwarf I conquered (the Asura) king Vali. Those high-souled men who worship these gratify me.
Verily, they who worship me in these forms never meet with discomfiture. If one beholding a Brahmana leading the
Brahmacharya mode of life arrived at one's house, offers unto him the first portion of one's food that belongs as of right to a
Brahmana, and eats what remains thereafter, one is regarded as eating Amrita. If one, after adoring the morning twilight, stands
with face directed towards the sun, one reaps the merit that attaches to the performance of ablutions in all tirthas and becomes
cleansed of all sins. Ye Rishis possessed of wealth of penances, I have told you in details what constitutes a great mystery. On
what else shall I discourse unto you? Tell me your doubts.'
"Baladeva said, 'Listen now to another great mystery that is fraught with happiness to men. Ignorant persons, unacquainted
with it, meet with much distress at the hands of other creatures. That man who, rising at early dawn, touches a cow, ghee, and
curds, as also mustard seeds and the larger variety thereof called Priyangu, becomes cleansed of all sins. As regards Rishis
possessed of wealth of penances, they always avoid all creatures both before and behind, as also all that is impure while
performing Sraddhas.[549]
"The deities said, 'If a person, taking a vessel of copper, filling it with water, and facing the east, resolves upon a fast or the
observance of a particular vow, the deities become gratified with him and all his wishes become crowned with success. By
observing fasts, or vows in any other way, men of little understandings gain nothing.[550] In uttering the resolution about the
observance of fasts and in making offerings to the deities, the use of a vessel of copper is preferable. In presenting the offerings
to the deities, in (giving and accepting) alms, in presenting the ingredients of the Arghya and in offering oblations of water
mixed with sesame seeds to the Pitris, a vessel of copper should be used. By doing these acts in any other way, one acquires
little merit. Even these mysteries have been laid down relating to how the deities are gratified.'
"Dharma said, 'The offerings made in all rites in honour of the deities and in those in honour of the Pitris should never be given
away to a Brahmana that has accepted service under the king, or that rings the bell or attends to subsidiary duties in acts of
worship or at Sraddhas, or that keeps kine, or that is engaged in trade, or that follows some art as a profession, or that is an
actor, or that quarrels with friends or that is destitute of Vedic studies, or that marries a Sudra woman[551]. The performer of
the Sraddha who gives away such offerings unto such a Brahmana falls away from prosperity and multiplies not his race. He
fails, again, to gratify his Pitris by doing such an act. From the house of that person whence a guest returns unsatisfied, the
Pitris, the deities, and the sacred fires, all return disappointed in consequence of such treatment of the guest. That man who