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with concentrated attention, pour libation, on the sacred fire, of the urine of the cow mixed with cowdung and milk and ghee.
The deities accept the offerings of such a man on the expiration of a full year. His Pitris also, when the time comes for him for
performing the Sraddha, become gratified with him. I have thus recited what is righteous and what is unrighteous, with all their
unknown details, in respect of human beings desirous of attaining to heaven. Verily, men who abstain from these
transgressions or who having committed them undergo the expiatory rites indicated, succeed, in attaining to heaven when they
leave this world."
SECTION CXXIX
"Lomasa said, 'The Pitris of those men who, without having wedded wives of their own, betake themselves to the wives of
other people, become filled with disappointment when the time for the Sraddhas comes. He who betakes himself to the wives
of other people, he who indulges in sexual union with a woman that is barren, and he who appropriates what belongs to a
Brahmana, are equally sinful. Without doubt, the Pitris of such people cut them off without desiring to have any intercourse
with them. The offerings they make fail to gratify the deities and the Pitris. Hence, one should always abstain from sexual
congress with women that are the wedded wives of others, as also with women that are barren. The man who desires his own
good should not appropriate what belongs to a Brahmana. Listen now to another mystery, unknown to all with regard to
religion. One should, endued with faith, always do the bidding of one's preceptor and other seniors. On the twelfth lunar day, as
also on the day of the full moon, every month, one should make gifts unto Brahmanas of ghee and the offerings that constitute
Akshata. Listen to me as I say what the measure is of the merit that such a person acquires. By such an act one is said to
increase Soma and the Ocean. Vasava, the chief of the celestials, confers upon him a fourth part of the merits that attach to a
Horse-sacrifice. By making such gifts, a person becomes endued with great energy and prowess. The divine Soma, well-
pleased with him, grants him the fruition of his wishes. Listen now to another duty, together with the foundation on which it
rests, that is productive of great merit. In this age of Kali, that duty, if performed, brings about much happiness to men. That
man who, rising at early dawn and purifying himself by a bath, attires himself in white robes and with the concentrated
attention makes gifts unto Brahmanas of vessels full of sesame seeds, who makes offerings unto the Pitris of water with sesame
seeds and honey, and who gives lamps as also the food called Krisara acquires substantial merits. Listen to me as I say what
those merits are. The divine chastiser of Paka has ascribed these merits to the gift of vessels of copper and brass filled with
sesame seeds. He who makes gifts of kine, he who makes gifts of land that are productive of eternal merit, he who performs the
Agnishtoma sacrifice with copious presents in the form of Dakshina to the Brahmanas, are all regarded by the deities as
acquiring, merits equal to those which one acquires by making gifts of vessels filled with sesame seeds. Gifts of water with
sesame seeds are regarded by the Pitr is as productive of eternal gratification to them. The grandsires all become highly pleased
with gifts of lamps and Krisara. I have thus recited the ancient ordinance, laid down by the Rishis, that is highly applauded by
both the Pitris and the deities in their respective regions.'"
SECTION CXXX
"Bhishma said, 'The Rishis there assembled, together with the Pitris and the deities, then, with concentrated attention,
questioned Arundhati (the spouse of Vasishtha) who was endued with great ascetic merit. Possessed of abundant wealth of
penances, Arundhati was equal to her husband, the high-souled Vasishtha in energy for in both vows and conduct she was her
husband's equal. Addressing her they said, 'We desire to hear from thee the mysteries of duty and religion. It behoveth thee, O
amiable lady, to tell us what thou regardest as a high mystery.'
"Arundhati said, 'The great progress I have been able to achieve in penances is due to your consideration for me in thus
remembering my poor self. With your gracious permission I shall now discourse on duties that are eternal, on duties that are
high mysteries. I shall discourse thereon with the causes on which they depend. Listen to me as I discourse to you elaborately.
A knowledge of these should be imparted unto him only that is possessed of faith or that has a pure heart. These four, viz., he
that is bereft of faith, he that is full of pride, he that is guilty of Brahmanicide, and he that violates the bed of his preceptor,
should never be talked to. Religion and duty should never be communicated unto them. The merits acquired by a person who
gives away a Kapila cow every day for a period of two and ten years, or by a person who adores the deities every month in a
sacrifice, or by him who gives away hundreds of thousands of kine in the great Pushkara, do not come up to those that are his
with whom a guest is gratified. Listen now to another duty whose observance is fraught with happiness to mankind. It should
be observed with its secret ritual by a person endued with faith, Its merits are certainly high. Listen to what they are. If a
person, rising at early dawn and taking with him a quantity of water and a few blades of Kusa grass, proceeds into a cow-pen
and arriving there washes a cow's horns by sprinkling thereon that water with those blades of Kusa grass and then causes the
water to drip down on his own head, he is regarded, in consequence of such a bath, as one that has performed his ablutions in
all the sacred waters that the wise have heard to exist in the three worlds and that are honoured and resorted to by Siddhas and
Charanas.' After Arundhati had said these words, all the deities and Pitris applauded her, saying, 'Excellent, Excellent,' Indeed,
all the beings there were highly gratified and all of them worshipped Arundhati.'
"Brahman said, 'O highly blessed one, excellent is the duty that thou hast enunciated, together with its secret ritual. Praise be to
thee! I grant thee this boon, viz., that thy penances will continually increase!'
"Yams said, 'I have heard from thee an excellent and agreeable discourse. Listen now to what Chitragupta has said and what is
agreeable to me. Those words relate to duty with its secret ritual, and are worthy of being heard by the great Rishis, as also by
men endued with faith and desirous of achieving their own good. Nothing is lost of either piety or sin that is committed by
creatures. On days of the full moon and the new moon, those acts are conveyed to the sun where they rest. When a mortal goes
into the region of the dead, the deity of the sun bears witness to all his acts. He that is righteous acquires the fruits of his
righteousness there. I shall now tell you of some auspicious duties that are approved by Chitragupta. Water for drink, and
lamps for lighting darkness, should always be given, as also sandals and umbrellas and Kapila kine with due rites. In Pushkara
especially should one make the gift of a Kapila cow unto a Brahmana conversant with the Vedas. One should also always
maintain one's Agnihotra with great care. Here is another duty which was proclaimed by Chitragupta. It behoveth them that are
the best of creatures to listen to what the merits are of that duty separately. In course of time, every creature is destined to
undergo dissolution. They that are of little understanding meet with great distress in the regions of the dead, for they become
afflicted by hunger and thirst. Indeed, they have to rot there, burning in pain. There is no escape for them from such calamity.
They have to enter into a thick darkness. I shall now tell you of those duties by performing which one may succeed in crossing
such calamity. The performance of those duties costs very little but is fraught with great merit. Indeed, such performance is
productive of great happiness in the other world. The merits that attach to the gift of water for drink are excellent. In the next
world in especial, those merits are very high. For them that make gifts of water for drink there is ordained in the other world a
large river full of excellent water. Indeed, the water contained in that river is inexhaustible and cool and sweet as nectar. He
who makes gifts of water in this world drinks from that stream in the world hereafter when he goes thither. Listen now to the
abundant merits that attach to the giving of lamps. The man who gives lamps in this world has never to even behold the thick
darkness (of Hell). Soma and Surya and the deity of fire always give him their light when he repairs to the other world. The
deities ordain that on every side of such a person there should be blazing light. Verily, when the giver of lights repairs to the
world of the dead, he himself blazes forth in pure effulgence like a second Surya. Hence, one should give lights while here and
water for drink in especial. Listen now to what the merits are of the person who makes the gift of a Kapila cow to a Brahmana
conversant with the Vedas, especially if the gift be made in Pushkara. Such a man is regarded as having made a gift of a
hundred kine with a bull, a gift that is productive of eternal merit. The gift of a single Kapila cow is capable of cleansing
whatever sins the giver may be guilty of even if those sins be as grave. Brahmanicide, for the gift of a single Kapila cow is
regarded as equal in point of merit to that of a hundred kine. Hence, one should give away a Kapila cow at that Pushkara which
is regarded as the senior (of the two Tirthas known by that name) on the day of the full moon in the month of Karttika. Men
that succeed in making such a gift have never to encounter distress of any kind, or sorrow, or thorns giving pain. That man who
gives away a pair of sandals unto a superior Brahmana that is deserving of the gift, attains to similar merits. By giving away an
umbrella a person obtains comfortable shade in the next world. (He will not have to be exposed to the sun). A gift made to a
deserving person is never lost. It is certain to produce agreeable consequences to the giver.' Hearing these opinions of
Chitragupta, Surya's hairs stood on their ends. Endued with great splendour, he addressed all the deities and the Pitris, saying
'Ye have heard the mysteries relating to duty, as propounded by the high-souled Chitragupta. Those human beings who, endued
with faith, make these gifts unto high-souled Brahmanas, become freed from fear of every kind. These five kinds of men,
stained with vicious deeds, have no escape. Verily, of sinful behaviour and regarded as the worst of men, they should never be
talked to. Indeed they should always be avoided. Those five are he who is the slayer of a Brahmana, he who is the slayer of a
cow, he who is addicted to sexual congress with other people's wives, he who is bereft of faith (in the Vedas), and he who