text
stringlengths
0
182
does not discharge the duties of hospitality towards the guest arrived at his abode, comes to be regarded as equally sinful with
those that are slayers of women or of kine, that are ungrateful towards benefactors, that are slayers of Brahmanas, or that are
violators of the beds of their preceptors.'
"Agni said, 'Listen ye with concentrated attention. I shall recite the demerits of that man of wicked understanding who lifts up
his feet for striking therewith a cow or a highly blessed Brahmana or a blazing fire. The infamy of such a man spreads
throughout the world and touches the confines of heaven itself. His Pitris become filled with fear. The deities also become
highly dissatisfied on his account. Endued with great energy, Fire refuses to accept the libations poured by him. For a hundred
lives he has to rot in hell. He is never rescued at any time. One should, therefore, never touch a cow with one's feet, or a
Brahmana of high energy, or a blazing fire, if one is endued with faith and desires one's own good. These are the demerits
declared by me of one who lifts up one's feet towards these three.'
"Viswamitra said, 'Listen to a high mystery that is unknown to the generality of men and that is connected with religion. He
who offers the Pitris rice boiled in sugared milk, sitting with face directed to the south at noontide in the shade caused by an
elephant's body, in the month of Bhadrapada, under the constellation Magha, acquires great merits. Listen to what those merits
are. The man who makes such an offering to the Pitris under such circumstances, is regarded as performing a great Sraddha
each year for thirteen years in succession.'[552]
"The kine said, 'That man becomes cleansed of all his sins who adores a cow with these Mantras, viz., 'O Vahula, O Samanga,
O thou that art fearless everywhere, O thou that art forgiving and full of auspiciousness, O friend, O source of all plenty, in the
region of Brahman, in days of yore, thou wert present with thy calf in the sacrifice of Indra, the wielder of the thunderbolt.
Thou tookest thy station in the firmament and in the path of Agni. The deities with Narada among them adored thee on that
occasion by calling thee Sarvamsaha. Such man attains to the region of Purandara. He acquires, besides, the merits that attach
to kine, and the splendour of Chandramas also. Such a man becomes freed from every sin, every fear, every grief. At the end,
he obtains residence in the happy region of the Thousand-eyed Indra!'
"Bhishma continued, 'After this, the highly blessed and celebrated seven Rishis, with Vasishtha at their head, rose and
circumambulating the Lotus-born Brahman, stood around him with hands joined in reverence. Vasishtha, that foremost of all
persons conversant with Brahma, became their spokesman and asked this question that is beneficial to every creature, but
especially so to Brahmanas and Kshatriyas, 'By doing what acts may men of righteous conduct who are, however, destitute of
the good of this world, succeed in acquiring merits attaching to sacrifices?' Hearing this question of theirs, the Grandsire
Brahman began to say what follows.'
"Brahman said, 'Excellent is this question, ye highly blessed ones! It is at once auspicious and high and fraught with a mystery.
This question that ye have put is subtil and is fraught with high benefit to mankind. Ye Rishis possessed of wealth of penances,
I shall recite everything to you in detail. Do ye listen with attention to what I say as to how men acquire the merits attaching to
sacrifices (even when they are unable to perform them through poverty.) In the lighted fortnight of the month of Pausha, when
the constellation Rohini is in conjunction, if one, purifying oneself by a bath, lies under the cope of heaven, clad in a single
piece of raiment, with faith and concentrated attention, and drinks the rays of the moon, one acquires the merits that attach to
the performance of great sacrifices. Ye foremost of regenerate persons, this is a high mystery that I declare unto you in reply to
your questions, ye that are possessed of insight into the subtil truths of all topics of enquiry.'"
SECTION CXXVII
"Vibhavasu (otherwise called Surya) said, 'There are two offerings. One of those consists of a palmful of water and the other
called Akshata consists of rice-grains with ghee. One should, on the day of the full moon, stand facing that bright orb and make
unto him the two offerings mentioned, viz., a palmful of water and the rice-grains with ghee called Akshata. The man who
presents these offerings is said to adore his sacred fire. Verily, he is regarded as one that has poured libations on the three
(principal) fires. That man of little understanding who cutteth down a large tree on the day of the new moon, becomes stained
with the sin of Brahmanicide. By killing even a single leaf one incurs that sin. That foolish man who chews a tooth-brush on
the day of the new moon is regarded as injuring the deity of the moon by such an act. The Pitris of such a person become
annoyed with him.[553] The deities do not accept the libations poured by such a man on days of the full moon and the new
moon. His Pitris become enraged with him, and his race and the family become extinct.'
"Sree said, 'That sinful house, in which eating and drinking vessels and seats and beds lie scattered, and in which women are
beaten, the deities and Pitris leave in disgust. Verily, without accepting the offerings made unto them by the owners of such
houses, the deities and the Pitris fly away from such a sinful habitation.'
"Angiras said, 'The offspring of that man increase who stands every night for a full year under a Karanjaka tree with a lamp for
lighting it, and holds besides in his hand the roots of the Suvarchala plant.'[554]
"Gargya said, 'One should always do the duties of hospitality to one's guests. One should give lamps in the hall or shed where
sacrifices are performed. One should avoid sleep during the day, and abstain from all kinds of flesh or food. One should never
injure kine and Brahmanas. One should always recite names of the Pushkara lakes and the other sacred waters. Such a course
of duty, is the foremost. Even this constitutes a high religion with its mysteries. If observed in practice, it is sure to produce
great consequences. If a person performs even a hundred sacrifices, he is doomed to see the exhaustion of the merits attaching
to the libations poured therein. The duties, however, which I have mentioned are such that when observed by a person endued
with faith, their merit becomes inexhaustible. Listen now to another high mystery concealed from the view of many. The
deities do not accept the libations (poured upon the fire) on the occasion of Sraddhas and rites in their honour or on the
occasion of those rites that are performable on ordinary lunar days or on the especially sacred days of the full moon and the
new moon, if they behold a woman in her season of impurity or one that is the daughter of a mother afflicted with leprosy. The
Pitris of the man who allows such a woman to come near the place where the Sraddha is being performed by him, do not
become gratified with him for thirteen years. Robed in raiment of white, and becoming pure in body and mind, one should
invite Brahmanas and cause them to utter their benedictions (when one performs the Sraddha). On such occasions one should
also recite the Bharata. It is by observing all these that the offerings made at Sraddhas become inexhaustible.'
"Dhaumya said, 'Broken utensils, broken bedsteads, cocks and, dogs, as also such trees as have grown within the dwelling
houses, are all inauspicious objects. In a broken utensil is Kali himself, while in a broken bedstead is loss of wealth. When a
cock or a dog is in sight, the deities do not eat the offerings made to them. Under the roots of a tree scorpions and snakes
undoubtedly find shelter. Hence, one should never plant a tree within one's abode.'[555]
"Jamadagni said, 'That man whose heart is not pure is sure to go to Hell even if he adores the deities in a Horse-sacrifice or in a
hundred Vajapeya sacrifices, or if he undergoes the severest austerities with head downmost. Purity of heart is regarded as
equal to sacrifices and Truth. A very poor Brahmana, by giving only a Prastha of powdered barley with a pure heart unto a
Brahmana, attained to the region of Brahman himself. This is a sufficient proof (of the importance of purity of heart).'"
SECTION CXXVIII
"Vayu said, 'I shall recite some duties the observance of which is fraught with happiness to mankind. Do ye listen also with
concentrated attention to certain transgressions with the secret causes upon which they depend. That man who offers for the
four months of the rainy season sesame and water (unto the Pitris), and food, according to the best of his power, unto a
Brahmana well-conversant with the duties, who duly pours libations on the sacred fire, and makes offerings of rice boiled in
sugared milk, who gives lamps in honour of the Pitris, with sesame and water,--verily he who does all this with faith and
concentrated attention acquires all the merits that attach to a hundred sacrifices in which animals are offered to the deities.
Listen to this other high mystery that is unknown to all. That man who thinks it all right when a Sudra ignites the fire upon
which he is to pour libations or who does not see any fault when women who are incompetent to assist at Sraddhas and other
rites are allowed to assist at them, really becomes stained with sin[556]. The three sacrificial fires become enraged with such a
person. In his next life he has to take birth as a Sudra. His Pitris, together with the deities are never gratified with him. I shall
now recite what the expiations are which one must go through for cleansing oneself from such sins. Listen to me with attention.
By performing those expiatory acts, one becomes happy and free from fever. Fasting all the while, one should, for three days,