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the good things of the world. Indeed, O goddess, it is through their acts that persons become wretched and poor. There are
others who are full of arrogance and pride caused by the possession of riches. Those senseless wretches never offer seats to
those that deserve such an offer. Endued with little understandings they do not give way to them that deserve such an
honour.[575] Nor do they give water for washing the feet to persons unto whom it should be given. Indeed, they do not honour,
agreeably to the ordinance, with gifts of the Arghya, such persons as deserve to be honoured therewith. They do not offer water
for washing the mouth unto such as deserve to have that honour. They do not treat their very preceptors, when the latter arrive
at their houses, in the manner in which preceptors should be treated. Living in cupidity and arrogance, they refuse to treat their
seniors and aged men with love and affection, even insulting those that deserve to be honoured and asserting their superiority
over them without showing reverence and humility. Such men, O goddess, sink in Hell. When their sufferings come to an end
after a long course of years, they rise from Hell, and take birth in the order of humanity, in low and wretched families. Indeed.
they who humiliate their preceptors and seniors, have to take their birth in such castes as those of Swapakas and Pukkasas who
are exceedingly vile and bereft of intelligence. He who is not arrogant or filled with pride, who is a worshipper of the deities
and Brahmanas, who enjoys the respect of the world, who bows to every one that deserves his reverence, who utters smooth
and sweet words, who benefits persons of all orders, who is always devoted to the good of all beings, who does not feel
aversion for anybody, who is sweet-tongued, who is an utterer of agreeable and cooling words, who gives way to one that
deserves to have way, who adores his preceptors in the manner in which preceptors deserve to be adored, who welcomes all
creatures with proper courtesy, who does not hear ill will towards any creature, who lives, worshipping seniors and guests with
such honours as they deserve, who is ever bent upon securing as many guests as possible, and who worships all who honour his
house with their presence, succeeds, O goddess, in ascending to Heaven. Upon the exhaustion of his merit, he takes birth in the
order of humanity in a high and respectable family. In that life he becomes possessed of all articles of enjoyment in abundance
and jewels and gems and every kind of wealth in profusion. He gives unto deserving persons what they deserve. He becomes
devoted to the observance of every duty and every act of righteousness. Honoured by all creatures and receiving their
reverence, he obtains the fruits of his own acts. Even such a person acquires a high lineage and birth in this world. This that I
have recited to thee was said by the Ordainer (Brahman) himself in days of old. That man who is fierce in conduct, who
inspires terror in all creatures, who injures other beings with hands or feet or cords or sticks, or brick-bats or clods of hard clay,
or other means of wounding and paining, O beautiful lady, who practises diverse kinds of deceit for slaying living creatures or
vexing them, who pursues animals in the chase and causes them to tremble in fear,--verily, that man, who conducts himself in
this way, is certain to sink in Hell. If in course of time he takes birth in the order of humanity, he is obliged to be born in a low
and wretched race or family that is afflicted with impediments of every kind on every side. He becomes an object of aversion
to all the world. Wretched among men, he becomes so through the consequence of his own acts. Another, who is possessed of
compassion, casts his eye on all creatures. Endued with a friendly vision, behaving towards all creatures as if he were their
father, divested of every hostile feeling, with all his passions under complete control, he never vexes any creature and never
inspires them with fear by means of his hands or feet which are always under his control. He inspires the confidence of all
beings. He never afflicts any creature with either cords or clubs or brick-bats or clods of hard earth or weapons of any kind. His
deeds are never fierce or cruel, and he is full of kindness. One who is endued with such practices and conduct certainly ascend
to Heaven. There he lives like a god in a celestial mansion abounding with every comfort. If, upon the exhaustion of his merit,
he has to take birth in the order of humanity, he becomes born as a man that has not to fight with difficulties of any kind or to
encounter any fear. Indeed, he enjoys great happiness. Possessed of felicity, without the obligation of undergoing distressing
labour for his subsistence, he lives freed from every kind of anxiety. Even this, O goddess, is the path of the righteous. In it
there are no impediments or afflictions.'
"Uma said, 'In the world some men are seen well-versed in inferences and the premises leading to them. Indeed, they are
possessed of science and knowledge, have large progeny, and are endued with learning and wisdom. Others, O god, are
destitute of wisdom, science, and knowledge, and are characterised by folly. By what particular acts does a person become
possessed of wisdom? By what acts, again, does one become possessed of little wisdom and distorted vision? Do thou dispel
this doubt of mine, O thou that art the foremost of all beings conversant with duties. Others there are, O god, that are blind
from the moment of their birth. Others there are that are diseased and afflicted and impotent. Do thou, O god, tell me the reason
of this.'
"Maheswara said, 'Those men that always enquire, about what is for their benefit and what is to their detriment, Brahmanas
learned in the Vedas, crowned with success, and conversant with all duties, that avoid all kinds of evil deeds and achieve only
such deeds as are good, succeed in ascending to Heaven after departing from this world and enjoy great happiness as long as
they live here. Indeed, upon the exhaustion of their merit when they take birth in the order of humanity, they become born as
men possessed of great intelligence. Every kind of felicity and auspiciousness becomes theirs in consequence of that
intelligence with which they are born. Those men of foolish understandings who cast wicked eyes upon the wedded spouses of
other men, become cursed with congenital blindness in consequence of that sinfulness of theirs. Those men who, impelled by
desire in their hearts, cast their eyes on naked women, those men of wicked deeds take birth in this world to pass their whole
lives in one continuous disease. Those men of foolish and wicked deeds who indulge in sexual congress with women of orders
different from their own,--those men of little wisdom,--have to take birth in their next lives as persons destitute of virility.
Those men who cause animals to be slain, and those who violate the beds of their preceptors, and those who indulge
promiscuously in sexual congress, have to take birth in their next lives as persons destitute of the virile power.'
"Uma said, 'What acts, O foremost of the deities, are faulty, and what acts are faultless? What, indeed, are those acts by doing
which a man succeeds in attaining to what is for your highest good?'
"Maheswara said, 'That man who is desirous of ascertaining what is righteousness, and who wishes to acquire prominent
virtues and accomplishments, and who always puts questions to the Brahmanas with a view to find out the path that leads to his
highest good, succeed in ascending to Heaven. If (after exhaustion of his merit) he takes birth in the order of humanity, he
becomes endued with intelligence and memory and great wisdom. This, O goddess, is the line of conduct that the righteous are
to follow and that is fraught with great benefit. I have told thee of it for the good of human beings.'
"Uma said, 'There are men who hate righteousness and who are possessed of little understanding. They never wish to approach
Brahmanas conversant with the Vedas. There are others who are observant of vows and who are devoted to the duty of
performing Sraddhas. Others, again, are destitute of all vows. They are unmindful of observance and are like Rakshasas in
conduct. Some there are who are devoted to the performance of sacrifices and some who are unmindful of the Homa. Through
the consequences of what acts do men become possessed of These different natures?'
"Maheswara said, 'Through the Vedas, the limits have been assigned of all the acts of human beings. Those men that conduct
themselves according to the authority of the Vedas, are seen (in their next lives) to become devoted to the observance of vows.
Those men, however, who having become subject to the sway of folly accept unrighteousness for its reverse, become destitute
of vows, transgress all restraints, and come to be regarded as Brahmarakshasas. Indeed, it is these men that become unmindful
of the Homa, that never utter the Vashat and other sacred Mantras, and that come to be regarded as the lowest and vilest of men
Thus, O goddess, have I explained to thee the entire ocean of duties in respect of human beings for the sake of removing thy
doubts, not omitting the sins of which they become guilty.'"
SECTION CXLVI
"Narada said, 'Having said these words, the puissant Mahadeva himself became desirous of hearing (instead of talking), and
with that view he questioned his dear spouse who was seated by his side and she was fully inclined to act up to his desire.'
"Mahadeva said, 'Thou, O goddess, art conversant with what is Supreme and what is not.[576] Thou art acquainted with all
duties, O thou that lovest to reside in the retreats of ascetics. Thou art endued with every virtue, possessed of beautiful
eyebrows and hair ending in the fairest curls, O daughter of Himavat, the king of mountains! Thou art skilled in every work.
Thou art endued with self-restraint and thou lookest impartially upon all creatures. Divested of the sense of meum, thou art
devoted to the practice of all the duties. O thou of beautiful features, I desire to ask thee about something. I wish that, asked by
me, thou wilt discourse to me on that topic. Savitri is the chaste wife of Brahma. The chaste Sachi is the wife of Indra.
Dhumrorna is the spouse of Markandeya, and Riddhi of (king) Vaisravana. Varuna has Gauri for his spouse, and Surya has
Suvarchala. Rohini is the chaste wife of Sasin, and Swaha of Vibhavasu. Kasyapa has Aditi. All these regard their husbands as
their gods. Thou hast, O goddess, conversed and associated with all of them every day. It is for this reason, O thou that art
conversant with every duty, that I desire to question thee about the duties of women, O thou whose words are always consistent