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with righteousness. I desire to hear thee discourse on that subject from the beginning. Thou practisest all the duties of
righteousness with me. Thy conduct is exactly like mine, and the vows thou observest are the same that are observed by me.
Thy puissance and energy are equal to mine, and thou hast undergone the austerest penances. The subject, when discoursed
upon by thee, will become endued with great merit. Indeed, that discourse will then become authoritative in the world. Women,
in especial, are the highest refuge of women. O thou of beautiful hips, among human beings that course of conduct which thou
wilt lay down will be followed from generation to generation.[577] Half of my body is made up of half thy body. Thou art
always engaged in doing the work of the deities, and it is thou that art the cause of the peopling of the earth, O auspicious lady,
all the eternal duties of women are well-known to thee. Do thou, therefore, tell me in detail what are the duties of thy sex.'
"Uma said, 'O holy one, O lord of all created things, O source of all that is past, present, and future, it is through thy grace that
the words I am uttering are taking their rise in my mind. All these Rivers (that are of my sex), O god of gods, endued with the
waters of all the Tirthas, are approaching thy presence for enabling thee to perform thy ablutions in them.[578] After
consulting them I shall discourse on the topic named, in due order. That person who, though competent, is still free from
egotism, is rightly called a Purusha.[579] As regards woman, O lord of all beings, she follows persons of her sex. By
consulting these foremost of Rivers, they will be honoured by me. The sacred Saraswati is the foremost river of all rivers. She
courses towards the ocean and is truly the first of all streams. Vipasa also here, and Vitasta, and Chandrabhaga, and Iravati, and
Satadru, and the river Devika, and Kausiki, and Gomati.[580] and this celestial River who has in her all the sacred Tirthas, viz.,
the goddess Ganga, who having her rise in Heaven hath descended on the Earth and is regarded as the foremost of all streams;
Having said this, the spouse of that god of gods, that foremost of all righteous persons, smilingly addressed all those Rivers of
her sex. Indeed, the spouse of the great god, devoted to the performance of all duties, questioned those individuals of her sex
about the duties of women. Verily, those foremost of rivers having Ganga for their first are all conversant with the duties of
women.'
"Uma said, 'The illustrious god has asked a question relating to the duties of women. I desire to answer Sankara after having
consulted with you. I do not see any branch of knowledge on Earth or Heaven that is capable of being mastered by any unaided
individual. Ye rivers that run towards the ocean, it is for this that I seek your opinions! It was in this way that those foremost of
Rivers, all of whom were auspicious and highly sacred, were questioned by Siva's spouse. Then the celestial River Ganga, who
worshipped the daughter of the prince of mountains in return, was selected for answering the question. Verily, she of sweet
smiles is held as swelling with diverse kinds of understanding and well-conversant with the duties of women. The sacred
goddess, capable of dispelling all fear of sin, possessed of humility in consequence of her intelligence, well acquainted with all
duties, and enriched with an intelligence exceedingly comprehensive, sweetly smiling, uttered these, words, 'O goddess, thou
art always devoted to the due performance of all duties. Thou hast favoured me highly by thus questioning me! O sinless one,
thou art honoured by the entire universe, yet thou askest me that am but a river. That person who, though himself competent (to
discourse on a topic) yet asks another, or who pays a graceful tribute to another, certainly deserves, I think, to be regarded as
righteous-souled. Verily, such a person deserves to be called learned and wise. That person never falls into disgrace who asks
such speakers as are endued with knowledge and science and as are well-conversant with premises and inferences. A proud
man, even when enriched with intelligence, by speaking in the midst of an assembly otherwise (that is, by relying upon his own
powers alone and without reference to or consultation with others), finds himself uttering only words of weak import. Thou art
possessed of spiritual insight, Thou art the foremost of all denizens in Heaven. Thou hast taken thy rise accompanied by
diverse kinds of excellent merit. Thou, O goddess, art fully competent to discourse on the duties of women! In this way, the
goddess Uma was worshipped by Ganga and honoured with the ascription of many high merits. The beautiful, goddess, thus
praised, then began to discourse upon all the duties of women in full.'
"Uma said, 'I shall, according to the ordinance, discourse on the subject of women's duties as far as they are known to me. Do
ye all listen with concentrated attention! The duties of women arise as created at the outset by kinsmen in the rites of wedding.
Indeed, a woman becomes, in the presence of the nuptial fire, the associate of her lord in the performance of all righteous
deeds.[581] Possessed of a good disposition, endued with sweet speech, sweet conduct, and sweet features, and always looking
at the face of her husband and deriving as much joy from it as she does from looking at the face of her child, that chaste woman
who regulates her acts by observing the prescribed restraints, comes to be regarded as truly righteous in her conduct. Listening
(with reverence) to the duties of wedded life (as expounded in the scriptures), and accomplishing all those auspicious, duties,
that woman who regards righteousness as the foremost of all objects of pursuit, who observes the same vows as those that are
observed by her husband, who adorned with chastity, looks upon her spouse as a god, who waits upon and serves him as if he
is a god, who surrenders her own will completely to that of her lord, who is cheerful, who observes excellent vows, who is
endued with good features, and whose heart is completely devoted to her husband so much that she never thinks even of any
other man, is regarded as truly righteous in conduct. That wife who, even when addressed harshly and looked upon with angry
eyes by her lord, presents a cheerful aspect to him, is said to be truly devoted to her husband. She who does not cast her eyes
upon the Moon or the Sun or a tree that has a masculine name, who is adored by her husband and who is possessed of beautiful
features, is regarded as truly righteous. That woman who treats her husband with the affection which she shows towards her
child, even when he (the husband) happens to be poor or diseased or weak or worn out with the toil of travelling, is regarded as
truly righteous in her conduct. That woman who is endued with self-control, who has given birth to children, who serves her
husband with devotion, and whose whole heart is devoted to him, is regarded as truly righteous in her conduct. That woman
who waits upon and serves her lord with a cheerful heart, who is always cheerful of heart, and who is possessed of humility, is
regarded as truly righteous in her conduct. That woman who always supports her kinsmen and relatives by giving them food,
and whose relish in gratifying her desires or for articles of enjoyment, or for the affluence of which she is possessed, or for the
happiness with which she is surrounded, falls short of her relish for her husband, is regarded as truly righteous in her conduct.
That woman who always takes a pleasure in rising at early down, who is devoted to the discharge of all household duties, who
always keeps her house clean, who rubs her house daily with cowdung, who always attends to the domestic fire (for pouring
libations upon it), who never neglects to make offerings of flowers and other articles to the deities, who with her husband
gratifies the deities and guests and all servants and dependants of the family with that share of food which is theirs by the
ordinances, and who always takes, according to the ordinance, for herself, what food remains in the house after the needs have
been met of gods and guests and servants, and who gratifies all people who come in contact with her family and feed them to
their fill, succeeds in acquiring great merit. That woman who is endued with accomplishments, who gratifies the feet of her
father-in-law and mother-in-law, and who is always devoted to her father and mother, is regarded as possessed of ascetic
wealth. That woman who supports with food Brahmanas that are weak and helpless, that are distressed or blind or destitute,
comes to be regarded as entitled to share the merit of her husband. That woman who always observes, with a light heart vows
that are difficult of observance, whose heart is devoted to her lord, and who always seeks good of her lord, is regarded as
entitled to share the merits of her husband. Devotion to her lord is woman's merit; it is her penance; it is her eternal Heaven.
Merit, penances, and Heaven become hers who looks upon her husband as her all in all, and who, endued with chastity, seeks
to devote herself to her lord in all things. The husband is the god which women have. The husband is their friend, The husband
is their high refuge. Women have no refuge that can compare with their husbands, and no god that can compare with him. The
husband's grace and Heaven, are equal in the estimation of a woman; or, if unequal, the inequality is very trivial. O Maheswara,
I do not desire Heaven itself if thou are not satisfied with me. If the husband that is poor, or diseased or distressed or fallen
among foes, or afflicted by a Brahmana's curse, were to command the wife to accomplish anything that is improper or
unrighteous or that may lead to destruction of life itself, the wife should, without any hesitation, accomplish it, guided by the
code whose propriety is sanctioned by the law of Distress. I have thus, O god, expounded, at thy command, what the duties of
women are, Verily, that woman who conducts herself in this way becomes entitled to a share of the merits won by her
husband,'
"Narada continued, 'Thus addressed, the great god applauded the daughter of the prince of mountains and then dismissed all
persons that had assembled there, together with all his own attendants. The diverse tribes of ghostly beings, as also all the
embodied Rivers, and the Gandharvas and Apsaras, all bowed their heads unto Mahadeva and departed for returning to the
places whence they had come."
SECTION CXLVII
"The Rishis said, 'O wielder of Pinaka, O tearer of the eyes of Bhaga, O thou that art worshipped by all the universe, we desire
to hear the glory of Vasudeva.'
"Maheswara said, 'Hari is superior to the Grandsire himself. He is the Eternal Purusha. Otherwise called Krishna, he is endued
with the splendour of gold, and shines with effulgence like a second sun. Possessed of ten arms, he is endued with great energy,