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the righteous meet and exchange seven words (or, walk with each other for
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only seven steps), they become friends.
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453. The Bombay text has Somapithi and upavati instead of upayanti. The
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Bengal text reads Somavithi which seems to be inaccurate. The sense seems
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to be that of Somapithi or drinker of (sacrificial) soma.
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454. The Ekaratra, Pancharatra, and Ekadasaratra, sacrifices consist of
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fasts and gifts for the periods indicated by the names, viz., one night,
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five nights, and eleven nights.
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455. 'Golden moons' imply those well-carved and beautifully fringed discs
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of gold that are worn by Hindu ladies on the forehead and that hang by
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thin chains of gold attached to the, hair. In Bengal, ladies of
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respectable houses wear a kind of ornament called 'Chandrahara' or the
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moon-wreath. This ornament is worn round the waist, on the hip. Several
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chains of gold, from half a dozen to a dozen, having a large disc of
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well-carved gold to which they are attached, constitute this really very
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beautiful ornament. The disc is divided into two halves, attached to each
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other by hinges, so that in sitting down, the ornament produces no
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inconvenience.
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456. In the Santi Parva it has been explained that in ancient times kings
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sometimes performed sacrifices causing altars to be raised at small
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distances from one another. These distances were measured by hurling a
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heavy piece of wood called Sami, so that throwing the Sami from one
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altar, the next altar would be created upon the spot where it fell.
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457. i.e. if a sinful man mends his conduct, he succeeds in warding off
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the misery and evils to which he would otherwise be subject in
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consequence of his sins.
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458. What is said here is this; certain persons have the ugly habit of
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picking up little clods of earth and pound them into dust, while sitting
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on the ground and engaged in talking. The habit also of tearing the grass
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while sitting on the ground may be marked. It should be remembered that
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the people of India in ancient times used often to sit on the bare
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ground. As to cutting off the nails with the teeth, it is an ugly habit
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with many young men.
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459. The Brahma Muhurta is that when the sun is just below the horizon.
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460. The prayers said in the morning and the evening are also spoken of
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as adoring the two twilights.
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461. 'One should always observe the vow of Brahmacharya' means that one
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should abstain from sexual congress except with one's wedded wives and in
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the proper season.
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462. The Bombay text reads the second line differently. What is meant, is
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that the wounds inflicted by wordy shafts rankle and fester and lead to
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death.
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463. Samyava is a thin cake of unleavened bread, fried with ghee, pounded
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and again made up into an oblong form with fresh bread, sugar and spices,
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and again fried with ghee. Krisara is a kind of liquid food made of milk,
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sesame, rice, sugar, and spices. Sashkuli is a kind of pie. Payasa is
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rice boiled in sugar and milk.
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464. Antarddhane implies 'in darkness'; hence one should always examine
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the bed with a light before one lies down on it.
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465. Pranan, the commentator explains, implies the upper holes of the
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body, such as the nostrils, the ear-holes and, the eyes.
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466. The Brahmana is more powerful than the other two, for while the
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other two cannot injure except when they have, their foe within sight,
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the Brahmana can do so even by not seeing his enemy.
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467. The custom in India, with especially all orthodox Brahmanas, is to
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wear a single flower on the head, inserted into the coronal lock. This
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flower may be a red one, it is said, after the prohibition in the
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previous verse about the wearing of garlands made of red flowers.
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468. What is stated here is that dry perfumes should not be used, but
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those which are pounded with water and made into a paste.
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469. The cloth worn by a Hindu has two lateral fringes which contain a
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lesser number of threads than the body of the cloth.
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470. It has been said that Hinduism is a vast system of personal hygiene.
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These directions about change of attire are scrupulously observed by
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every rigid Hindu to this day. No change seems to have taken place in the
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daily habits of the people.
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471. Priyangu is the Aglaia Roxburghiana. Vilwa is the Egle marmelos.
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Tagara is the Taberuaemontana coronaria, Linn. Kesara is probably the
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Eclipta alba, Hassk.
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472. Na is the nom, sing. of Nri, implying man.
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473. One of the Vernacular translations takes valena as signifying child
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and para-sraddha as meaning the first or adya sraddha.
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474. This noise refers to that of chewing or sucking or licking, etc. It
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is an ugly habit with some people.
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475. Doubting, for example, as to whether he would be able to digest it
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or not, or whether what he is taking is clean or not, or whether it would
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be too much for him.
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