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Time; the body is the ocean of delusion; the body is the creator,
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destroyer and reawakener of the universe. Through the body creatures act,
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and hence creation, destruction, and re-creation are due to the body.
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This accords with what is said elsewhere regarding the body.
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123. It would be wrong to take satah as implying 'the good,' the finite
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verses in every text being singular.
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124. The correct reading seems to be atmana as the last word of the first
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line, and not atman.
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125. What is said here is that the quality of passion predominates in
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these.
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126. Nyagrodha is the Ficus Bengalensis, Linn. Jamvu is Eugenia
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Jambolana, Lamk. Pippala is Ficus religiosa, Linn. Salmali is Bombax
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Malabaricum. Sinsapa is Dalbergia Sissoo, Roxb. Meshasringa is Asclepia
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geminata, Roxb. Kichaka is a variety of mountain bamboo. Here however it
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evidently implies the Nimba or Melia Azadirachta, Linn.
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127. Nilakantha is for taking the second line as consisting of two
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propositions. It would be better to take satinam as referring to strinam,
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and vasumatyah, as an adjective of Apsarasah.
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128. The sense seems to be that good men never allow others to know what
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their acts are. They are strangers to ostentation.
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129. The sense seems to be that the knowledge of one's own identity and
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of things as discriminated from one another is presided over by Prakriti.
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If the question is asked whence is the knowledge--'I am so,' and that
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'this is so,' the answer is that it comes from Prakriti or Nature.
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130. As explained by Nilakantha, the word Savitri is used here to imply
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all forms of worship observed by Brahmanas, etc, and the Mlecchas as
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well. This turning back to explain a word used before is said to be an
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instance of "looking back like the lion".
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131. Telang, I think, renders this verse wrongly. In the first line it is
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said that Brahman is superior to the Prajapatis. In the second it is
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pointed out that Vishnu is superior to Brahman.
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132. It is difficult to understand which part of the wheel is intended to
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be expressedly 'bandhanam' or the bond; I take it for the spokes.
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Pariskandha is Samuha or the materials that together compose an object.
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Here it may be taken for the nave or centre. Home is called the
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circumference, because, as the circumference limits the wheel, even so
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home (wife and children) limits the affections and acts of life.
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133. The words Kalachakram pravartate have been rendered in the first
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verse of this lesson. In verse 9, the words asaktaprabhavapavyam are
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explained by Nilakantha differently. Manas-krantam, I take, is equivalent
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to 'be bounded by the mind,' I do not know whence Telang gets 'never
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fatigued' as the substitute of this word.
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134. Implying that he should go to the house of his preceptor, study and
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serve there, and after completing his course, return for leading a life
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of domesticity.
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135. The sense seems to be that these last three duties are productive of
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merit and should, therefore, be performed. The first three however, are
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sources of living.
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136. Havishya is food cooked in a particular way and offered to the
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deities. It must be free from meat. There may be milk or ghee in it, but
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the cooking must be done in a single pot or vessel continuously; no
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change of vessels is allowed.
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137. Vilwa is the Aegle marmelos, and Palasa is the Butea frondosa of
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Roxburgh.
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138. At first he should live on fruits and roots and leaves, etc. Next on
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water, and then on air. There are different sects of forests recluses.
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The course of life is settled at the time of the initiatory rites.
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139. What is stated here is this. The Sannyasin should not ask for alms:
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or, if he ever seeks for aims, he should seek them in a village or house
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where the cooking has been already done and where every one has already
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eaten. This limitation is provided as otherwise the Sannyasin may be fed
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to his fill by the householder who sees him.
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140. He should never plunge into a stream or lake or tank for bathing.
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141. Kalakankhi implies, probably 'simply biding time', i.e., allowing
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time to pass indifferently over him.
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142. The sense seems to be this; the self or soul is without qualities.
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He who knows the self, or rather he who pursues the self with the desire
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of knowing it, should practise the truths of Piety laid down above. They
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constitute the path that leads to the self.
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143. 'That which has Brahman for its origin' implies the Vedas.
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144. Commentators differ about what is implied by the ten or the twelve.
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Nilakantha thinks that the ten mean the eight characteristics of Yoga,
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viz., Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana,
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Samadhi, and Tarka and Vairagya. The twelve would imply the first eight,
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and these four, viz., Maitri, Karuna, Mudita, and Upeksha. If ten plus
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twelve or two and twenty be taken, then that number would be made up by
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the five modes of Yama, the five of Niyama, the remaining six of Yoga
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(beginning with Asana and ending with Samadhi), the four beginning with
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