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in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let 's say we have a b cell and it 's got its membrane bound antibody on it . remember , it 's very specific to that b cells . so all of the membrane bound antibodies , all 10,000 or so of them on this b cell , they all expressed the same variable part . | what is the lifetime of b cells ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | but the interesting thing is that the b cell will also do what the phagocytes do . the b cell will also take this guy into the cell . maybe he 's initially attached to the antibody -- and break him up , take pieces of this pathogen and attach it to mhc ii proteins and then present them on the surface . | does the b-cell lymphocyte , when activated by bonding to the pathogen become cell mediated rather than it usually being humoral as it begins to copy the antibody ( if it differentiates into a plasma cell ) or become a professional antigen presenting cell ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | so a b cell will also present the antigen . so this is also an mhc ii complex -- a major histocompatibility complex -- and just so you know , histo means tissue . so this is related to whether something is compatible with the tissue in your body and we 'll talk more about that and how it relates to transplants and all ... | what determines the unique nature of the mhc ( major histocompatibility complex ) markers of individuals ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | i do n't know what type of bacteria or virus or protein you are , but in either case , they both engulf them , take pieces of them , cut them up , and present them on their surface in a complex with the major histocompatibility complexes . so cells that do this are called professional antigen presenting cells . this is... | where did the memory cells go ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let me write this down . this is an mhc class ii protein . it might seem like i 'm really going into the minutiae of what these proteins are , but we 're going to see this is key for activating other parts of the immune system , especially the cell mediated parts of the immune system . | what is an mhc class 1 ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | and this is essentially the topic of this video . so let 's say they bond to that special protein , bond to that special protein . and then those proteins get transported or get to the membrane or the outer surface of the cell and they present themselves along with the piece of the pathogen . | and is sal referring to the special protein and the peptide chain as an mhc class 2 or just the special protein ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let me write this down . this is an mhc class ii protein . it might seem like i 'm really going into the minutiae of what these proteins are , but we 're going to see this is key for activating other parts of the immune system , especially the cell mediated parts of the immune system . | what is the point in the mhc ii complexes exposing/presenting part of the pathogen to the outside ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | i do n't know what type of bacteria or virus or protein you are , but in either case , they both engulf them , take pieces of them , cut them up , and present them on their surface in a complex with the major histocompatibility complexes . so cells that do this are called professional antigen presenting cells . this is... | does that increase the likelihood of immune cells fighting against said pathogen ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | but the interesting thing is that the b cell will also do what the phagocytes do . the b cell will also take this guy into the cell . maybe he 's initially attached to the antibody -- and break him up , take pieces of this pathogen and attach it to mhc ii proteins and then present them on the surface . | 8.04 you said plasma b cell producing antigens is that same with effector cell ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | i do n't know what type of bacteria or virus or protein you are , but in either case , they both engulf them , take pieces of them , cut them up , and present them on their surface in a complex with the major histocompatibility complexes . so cells that do this are called professional antigen presenting cells . this is... | wait , phagocytes are professional antigen presenting cells as well right ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let me write this down . this is an mhc class ii protein . it might seem like i 'm really going into the minutiae of what these proteins are , but we 're going to see this is key for activating other parts of the immune system , especially the cell mediated parts of the immune system . | how are mhc class i and class ii proteins created ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | so let 's say that we 're dealing with a virus in this situation . and let 's say the virus just happens to bond to this b cell . remember , there might be other -- in fact , there definitely are tons of other b cells around , but their variable portions are all different . | can someone explain more in detail what happens if a normal cell gets infected by a virus vs a bacteria ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | so this whole thing gets engulfed by the b cell . and then when it gets activated , it proliferates itself and you normally need the t cells there and some part of them become plasma b cells , some part of them become memory b cells . remember , the plasma b cells say , gee , i 've been activated . i 'm just going to p... | does it presents mhc i and then the b-cells get activated by mhc i ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | i do n't know what type of bacteria or virus or protein you are , but in either case , they both engulf them , take pieces of them , cut them up , and present them on their surface in a complex with the major histocompatibility complexes . so cells that do this are called professional antigen presenting cells . this is... | in the professional antigen presenting cells ( apc ) and mhc ii complexes , do b cells need to be activated to create the memory and plasma cells ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | i do n't know what type of bacteria or virus or protein you are , but in either case , they both engulf them , take pieces of them , cut them up , and present them on their surface in a complex with the major histocompatibility complexes . so cells that do this are called professional antigen presenting cells . this is... | could you say that antigen presenting cells are the cells that `` decide '' whether cell-mediated immunity or humoral immunity takes place ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let me write this down . this is an mhc class ii protein . it might seem like i 'm really going into the minutiae of what these proteins are , but we 're going to see this is key for activating other parts of the immune system , especially the cell mediated parts of the immune system . | where and how are mhc 's synthesized ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | i do n't know what type of bacteria or virus or protein you are , but in either case , they both engulf them , take pieces of them , cut them up , and present them on their surface in a complex with the major histocompatibility complexes . so cells that do this are called professional antigen presenting cells . this is... | if phagocytes engulf pathogens and return their parts back to the membrane , then are they antigen presenting cells ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | i do n't know what type of bacteria or virus or protein you are , but in either case , they both engulf them , take pieces of them , cut them up , and present them on their surface in a complex with the major histocompatibility complexes . so cells that do this are called professional antigen presenting cells . this is... | is it technically possible to examine cells ( cells in the minor saliva glands for example ) to check if the mhc i complexes are presenting antigens ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | it 's professional because it takes pathogens from in the fluid of our system and then engulfs them , breaks them up , and then presents them . now there are also nonprofessional antigen presenting cells . and in fact , most cells are this . | also , how are these antigen presenting cells used to create memory ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | that 's that part of the pathogen that binds to our variable sequencer . it wo n't bind to this b cell or this b cell because they have different sequences here , but it binds to this b cell and then that starts the activation process . we 'll go into -- sometimes this by itself can get the b cell activated , but you n... | how does the cell create enough diverse mhc molecules to bind to a variety of pieces of pathogen ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | could n't a pathogen evolve to utilize pieces that the mhc does n't detect ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let 's say we have a b cell and it 's got its membrane bound antibody on it . remember , it 's very specific to that b cells . so all of the membrane bound antibodies , all 10,000 or so of them on this b cell , they all expressed the same variable part . | is there a specific part of the pathogens that the phagocytes and the b-cells present on the mhc 2 ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | that 's that part of the pathogen that binds to our variable sequencer . it wo n't bind to this b cell or this b cell because they have different sequences here , but it binds to this b cell and then that starts the activation process . we 'll go into -- sometimes this by itself can get the b cell activated , but you n... | are plasma b-cell and effector b-cell the same thing ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | it 's professional because it takes pathogens from in the fluid of our system and then engulfs them , breaks them up , and then presents them . now there are also nonprofessional antigen presenting cells . and in fact , most cells are this . | what 's the difference between epitope and antigen ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | it 's going to be surrounded by a membrane . that membrane 's called a phagosome . and we learned there 's different types of phagocytes -- could be a macrophage , could be a neutrophil , could be a dendritic cell -- and we have it like this and then we also saw in that video , it 's not just done -- the macrophage doe... | what is the membrane that surrounds the pathogen in a phagocyte called ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | that 's that part of the pathogen that binds to our variable sequencer . it wo n't bind to this b cell or this b cell because they have different sequences here , but it binds to this b cell and then that starts the activation process . we 'll go into -- sometimes this by itself can get the b cell activated , but you n... | how b-cell can make their antibody by self in the first time ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | it does n't know what type of pathogen it is , but that 's enough for the phagocyte . it 'll engulf the pathogen . so let 's say this is the phagocyte . | i mean when new pathogen infect our body , who have responsibility to make a new antibody ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let 's say we have a b cell and it 's got its membrane bound antibody on it . remember , it 's very specific to that b cells . so all of the membrane bound antibodies , all 10,000 or so of them on this b cell , they all expressed the same variable part . | how is it happening , can b-cells phagosite ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | and we said , once this happens , once you get activated or the activation process starts , this guy actually gets engulfed -- and i did n't talk about that in the last video just because i did n't want to go into too much detail . so this whole thing gets engulfed by the b cell . and then when it gets activated , it p... | so when the pathogen gets chewed up and a piece gets presented on the outside of the cell , does it matter what kind of piece ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | so this is also an mhc class ii . in both cases , whether we 're talking about b cells that recognize a very specific pathogen -- and it could be a specific virus , a specific protein , a specific bacteria , or in the cases of phagocytes , they 'll just say , oh , you look shady . let me take you in . | is it like a specific part of the pathogen 's dna or could it be any part of its structure ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | but let 's say some new bacteria and just some part of its surface just happens to bind to only this b cell -- because this b cell has just the right combination . so some part of his surface binds just to that b cell right there . that part of the surface that binds , remember , that was called the epitope . | how is it that a right b-cell come into contact with the right antigen ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | but let 's say some new bacteria and just some part of its surface just happens to bind to only this b cell -- because this b cell has just the right combination . so some part of his surface binds just to that b cell right there . that part of the surface that binds , remember , that was called the epitope . | in other words , what are the odds that the b-cell with the right antibody is at the right place , at the right moment to recognize its specific antigen ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | i do n't know what type of bacteria or virus or protein you are , but in either case , they both engulf them , take pieces of them , cut them up , and present them on their surface in a complex with the major histocompatibility complexes . so cells that do this are called professional antigen presenting cells . this is... | here only macrophages and dendritic cells are mentioned , but are neutrophils also professional antigen presenting cells ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | but the interesting thing is that the b cell will also do what the phagocytes do . the b cell will also take this guy into the cell . maybe he 's initially attached to the antibody -- and break him up , take pieces of this pathogen and attach it to mhc ii proteins and then present them on the surface . | does that mean that b cell is a type of phagocytotic cell ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | maybe he 's initially attached to the antibody -- and break him up , take pieces of this pathogen and attach it to mhc ii proteins and then present them on the surface . so a b cell will also present the antigen . so this is also an mhc ii complex -- a major histocompatibility complex -- and just so you know , histo me... | towards the end of the video when you discussed the `` double handshake '' that occurs with the th cells and the b cells , you say that the antibody on the surface of the b cell can recognize a different antigen than the antigen that is presented on the mhcii complex of the same b cell after phagocytosis ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let 's say we have a b cell and it 's got its membrane bound antibody on it . remember , it 's very specific to that b cells . so all of the membrane bound antibodies , all 10,000 or so of them on this b cell , they all expressed the same variable part . | where are the b-cells found within the body once they have matured ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | and we said , once this happens , once you get activated or the activation process starts , this guy actually gets engulfed -- and i did n't talk about that in the last video just because i did n't want to go into too much detail . so this whole thing gets engulfed by the b cell . and then when it gets activated , it p... | are there more plasma b cells or more memory b cells ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | maybe he 's initially attached to the antibody -- and break him up , take pieces of this pathogen and attach it to mhc ii proteins and then present them on the surface . so a b cell will also present the antigen . so this is also an mhc ii complex -- a major histocompatibility complex -- and just so you know , histo me... | whats it called when the b cell takes up the antigen/antibody ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | maybe he 's initially attached to the antibody -- and break him up , take pieces of this pathogen and attach it to mhc ii proteins and then present them on the surface . so a b cell will also present the antigen . so this is also an mhc ii complex -- a major histocompatibility complex -- and just so you know , histo me... | does the b cell take up the whole pathogen that the antigen belongs to via phagocytosis , then processes it and then displays it on its mhc ii to present it to t helper cells ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | i do n't know what type of bacteria or virus or protein you are , but in either case , they both engulf them , take pieces of them , cut them up , and present them on their surface in a complex with the major histocompatibility complexes . so cells that do this are called professional antigen presenting cells . this is... | are antigen presenting cells the only ones that present antigens ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let me write this down . this is an mhc class ii protein . it might seem like i 'm really going into the minutiae of what these proteins are , but we 're going to see this is key for activating other parts of the immune system , especially the cell mediated parts of the immune system . | what is the role of mhc in antibody presentation ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | i do n't know what type of bacteria or virus or protein you are , but in either case , they both engulf them , take pieces of them , cut them up , and present them on their surface in a complex with the major histocompatibility complexes . so cells that do this are called professional antigen presenting cells . this is... | at around 0 , you introduce the `` professional antigen presenting cells '' - are you referring to the macrophage or the b-cell ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | but the interesting thing is that the b cell will also do what the phagocytes do . the b cell will also take this guy into the cell . maybe he 's initially attached to the antibody -- and break him up , take pieces of this pathogen and attach it to mhc ii proteins and then present them on the surface . | so is a plasma cell the same thing as an effector cell ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | and so these -- the variable ends of these membrane bound antibodies are specific to certain parts of certain pathogens , to certain epitopes . remember , epitopes were the parts of certain pathogens that these specific chains can recognize and bond to . so let 's say that we 're dealing with a virus in this situation ... | are epitopes synonymous with antigens ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | and then some subset of the leftovers , particular chains of the peptides -- and remember , proteins are long chains of amino acids . polypeptides are short chains . so you take short chains of those and they 're going to bond to special proteins . | can only macrophages divide the pathogens into peptide chains ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | but the interesting thing is that the b cell will also do what the phagocytes do . the b cell will also take this guy into the cell . maybe he 's initially attached to the antibody -- and break him up , take pieces of this pathogen and attach it to mhc ii proteins and then present them on the surface . | why do the bacteria have proteins on the last layer of their cell wall ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let me write this down . this is an mhc class ii protein . it might seem like i 'm really going into the minutiae of what these proteins are , but we 're going to see this is key for activating other parts of the immune system , especially the cell mediated parts of the immune system . | do you have an easy way to explain what mhc iii complexes do ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let me write this down . this is an mhc class ii protein . it might seem like i 'm really going into the minutiae of what these proteins are , but we 're going to see this is key for activating other parts of the immune system , especially the cell mediated parts of the immune system . | what is the effect/point of present part of the target on mhc ii ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | but the interesting thing is that the b cell will also do what the phagocytes do . the b cell will also take this guy into the cell . maybe he 's initially attached to the antibody -- and break him up , take pieces of this pathogen and attach it to mhc ii proteins and then present them on the surface . | what is the difference between a dendritic cell and a macrophage ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | i do n't know what type of bacteria or virus or protein you are , but in either case , they both engulf them , take pieces of them , cut them up , and present them on their surface in a complex with the major histocompatibility complexes . so cells that do this are called professional antigen presenting cells . this is... | do these professional antibody presenting cells present only the 'epitope ' region or any other regions of the pathogens surface ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | that membrane 's called a phagosome . and we learned there 's different types of phagocytes -- could be a macrophage , could be a neutrophil , could be a dendritic cell -- and we have it like this and then we also saw in that video , it 's not just done -- the macrophage does n't just digest this thing . that by itself... | how does a macrophage digest a pathogen if it does not contain granules/lysozomes ( which i currently understand to be synonymous ) like a granulocyte ; mast cell , neutrophil ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | this is what they do for a living , although they do other things , as we 've seen . the phagocytes eat things . the b cells generate antibodies or memories so that they can later be activated to generate antibodies , but these are called professional antigen presenting cell . | to `` whom '' do the phagocytes present to ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | the phagocytes eat things . the b cells generate antibodies or memories so that they can later be activated to generate antibodies , but these are called professional antigen presenting cell . and the antigen in question is this little piece of the actual thing that you 're trying to track , that little piece -- the ac... | are memory bcells still triggered by their igd antibodies ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let me write this down . this is an mhc class ii protein . it might seem like i 'm really going into the minutiae of what these proteins are , but we 're going to see this is key for activating other parts of the immune system , especially the cell mediated parts of the immune system . | what antibody class does the memory bcell use to respond to a repeat antigen ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | remember , the plasma b cells say , gee , i 've been activated . i 'm just going to produce a ton of these antibodies . so the plasma b cell will just produce tons of these antibodies and start spitting them out so that they can attach to more and more of that pathogen and just mess them up in different ways , either t... | how does the diptheria or any other repiratory vaccine trigger bcell specifically to produce iga type antibodies ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | it 's professional because it takes pathogens from in the fluid of our system and then engulfs them , breaks them up , and then presents them . now there are also nonprofessional antigen presenting cells . and in fact , most cells are this . | what are the different factors that make an antigen effective ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | but the interesting thing is that the b cell will also do what the phagocytes do . the b cell will also take this guy into the cell . maybe he 's initially attached to the antibody -- and break him up , take pieces of this pathogen and attach it to mhc ii proteins and then present them on the surface . | i understand that , but when does the plasma cell know when all the viruses are gone ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | the phagocytes eat things . the b cells generate antibodies or memories so that they can later be activated to generate antibodies , but these are called professional antigen presenting cell . and the antigen in question is this little piece of the actual thing that you 're trying to track , that little piece -- the ac... | does it have a trigger function that shuts off the production of antibodies ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | it does n't know what type of pathogen it is , but that 's enough for the phagocyte . it 'll engulf the pathogen . so let 's say this is the phagocyte . | before destroying a pathogen , what mhc do lymphocytes exhibit ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let me write this down . this is an mhc class ii protein . it might seem like i 'm really going into the minutiae of what these proteins are , but we 're going to see this is key for activating other parts of the immune system , especially the cell mediated parts of the immune system . | what is the function of mhc ii bounded on the membrane of phagocytes ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | let 's say we have a b cell and it 's got its membrane bound antibody on it . remember , it 's very specific to that b cells . so all of the membrane bound antibodies , all 10,000 or so of them on this b cell , they all expressed the same variable part . | isnt it true the b cells have no interaction with the mhc ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | and these proteins right here , these are called -- it 's a fancy word and i talked about it in the previous video -- these are called major histocompatibility complexes , or mhc for short . and when we 're talking about phagocytes or macrophages or dendritic cells that are particular cases of phagocytes , the major hi... | what is the difference between macrophages and monocytes ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | but the interesting thing is that the b cell will also do what the phagocytes do . the b cell will also take this guy into the cell . maybe he 's initially attached to the antibody -- and break him up , take pieces of this pathogen and attach it to mhc ii proteins and then present them on the surface . | so what binds to the mhc2 on the b cell , is it the effector t helper cell , or the orginial t cell that binded to the dendritic cell ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | and let 's say the virus just happens to bond to this b cell . remember , there might be other -- in fact , there definitely are tons of other b cells around , but their variable portions are all different . and that 's what i always find amazing about b cells is that they come from the same genetic line , their genes ... | how are the genes shuffled around ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | i do n't know what type you are or whether i 've seen you before . when we 're talking about b cells , we 're talking about the adaptive or the specific immune system . and so these -- the variable ends of these membrane bound antibodies are specific to certain parts of certain pathogens , to certain epitopes . | what are the four primary types of cells involved in the adaptive immune system ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | i do n't know what type you are or whether i 've seen you before . when we 're talking about b cells , we 're talking about the adaptive or the specific immune system . and so these -- the variable ends of these membrane bound antibodies are specific to certain parts of certain pathogens , to certain epitopes . | i know b cells and t cells are an obvious answer , but what would 2 other primary cell types involved in the adaptive immune system be ? |
in the very first immunology video , where we talked about nonspecific defense mechanisms , we said if we had some type of a pathogen -- let 's say it 's a bacteria -- that our phagocytes can recognize either proteins on the bacteria or maybe it was some other type of pathogen -- some other marker on the pathogen . it ... | so this whole thing gets engulfed by the b cell . and then when it gets activated , it proliferates itself and you normally need the t cells there and some part of them become plasma b cells , some part of them become memory b cells . remember , the plasma b cells say , gee , i 've been activated . i 'm just going to p... | you said plasma b cells as effector cells ... do they mean the same ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . | ( like spinning a magnet inside the coil generates a current in the wire ) ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 're going to wrap our field coil around it . and we 're going to go around it seven times . and then once we 've got the coil a fairly good length , we have about 3 inches of wire on either side . | if you were to wind the coil more than 7 times would it go faster ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | and i think we 're going to make our field windings about the size of that cap . now be careful , the magnets will snap together . so now we 're just positioning all our parts that we 're going to need and trying to figure out where they 'll go and how close they 'll need to be together . | and how strong were the magnets you used ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | all right , now we 're just going to tape the edges of the wire to keep it together . and we 're just using electrical tape . you can really use any kind of tape that you happen to have . | what is the thing you 're using for the batteries ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . we 're going to use that to make our field windings . | can this motor be used as a generator by having the magnetic wires rotate and connecting the conducting wires to the bolts that holds the magnet ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | so we want their opposite poles facing one another . and so we just put some hot glue on the screw and then set the magnet in there . and the main reason we did it this way is that it 's really easy to change the position of the magnets if we need to . | what is put on the screw for pasting the magnets ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . | does the strength of the magnet affect how much it spins ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . | how can we make a simple electric generator ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | i 'll just loop the wire through . and that just kind of holds the loop together and gives us something to connect with our washers . all right , now we 're just going to tape the edges of the wire to keep it together . | is n't it similar to the above motor except for the reason that in motors we connect the washers with a battery source for power whereas in electric generator the washers are connected to a led or something that we would like to work ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . | does the magnet have to be very strong ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | make sure that they are oriented so that they are attracted to one another . so we want their opposite poles facing one another . and so we just put some hot glue on the screw and then set the magnet in there . | should n't you add a resistor or something because that is just a short circuit and you want to avoid fire ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | and i think we 're going to make our field windings about the size of that cap . now be careful , the magnets will snap together . so now we 're just positioning all our parts that we 're going to need and trying to figure out where they 'll go and how close they 'll need to be together . | are the ring magnets ceramic or neodymium ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | now be careful , the magnets will snap together . so now we 're just positioning all our parts that we 're going to need and trying to figure out where they 'll go and how close they 'll need to be together . of course , the cap is what we 're going to make our winding around . | why the need to cover the parts of the coil with black insulating material ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | now , this coil is just one loop . the motor in our hair dryer had five loops , and so it was called a five-pole motor . so now we 're going to see if we can use this motor to do some work . | -- > what is the difference between a brushed motor and a brush-less motor ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . | -- > what thickness ( in mm ) should the wire be ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | now , this coil is just one loop . the motor in our hair dryer had five loops , and so it was called a five-pole motor . so now we 're going to see if we can use this motor to do some work . | how did you slice the motor ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . we 're going to use that to make our field windings . | would the forces on each side be more aligned and spin the motor faster if the wire was straightened on the sides rather than circular ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | and i think we 're going to make our field windings about the size of that cap . now be careful , the magnets will snap together . so now we 're just positioning all our parts that we 're going to need and trying to figure out where they 'll go and how close they 'll need to be together . | what kind of magnets are used ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | and before it does that , the electricity flows out of the other end of the coil , back to the batteries . and then the coil flips over . and then the process repeats . | how can we study the changes in the rotation of the coil ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | and that will just give us a reference point . we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . | my circle copper wire is small should it big right ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . | what changes when we add or take out a battery , does it effect the spin of the wire ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . we 're going to use that to make our field windings . | what are the measurements of the wood you used ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | and before it does that , the electricity flows out of the other end of the coil , back to the batteries . and then the coil flips over . and then the process repeats . | how would number of loops in a coil affect the current ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . | will the wire size change the speed of the rotations ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . we 're going to use that to make our field windings . | should the wire used be decently magnetic before creating the motor ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | now , this coil is just one loop . the motor in our hair dryer had five loops , and so it was called a five-pole motor . so now we 're going to see if we can use this motor to do some work . | how will you explain the operation of a simple electric motor ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . | and watt does the magnet do ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . we 're going to use that to make our field windings . | which material wire is used ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . we 're going to use that to make our field windings . | which type of wire is used ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | so the washers that are going to support the winding need to be pretty close to the cap . and the permanent magnets also need to be pretty close . so we 're just making our marks here so that we can position everything . | why is the coil attracted to the permanent magnets ( before the electricity is connected ) ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | and that will just give us a reference point . we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . | does the more copper you add make is faster ? |
all right , so we 're going to make a motor . and it 's similar to the one that we use in our hair dryer -- much simpler , but similar principles are involved . so we 're going to take a scrap block of wood , and we 're going to mark the corners , line to line . and we 're going to just do that so we can find the cente... | we 've got some copper coil here . this is magnet wire . and that 's the same type of wire that 's used inside of our motor . | what is the required thickness of the wire ? |
part c , evaluate the second derivative of y with respect to x squared at the point on the curve where x equals negative one and y is equal to one . alright , so let 's just go to the beginning where they tell us that dy dx is equal to y over three y squared minus x . so let me write that down . so dy dy dx is equal t... | so this is one fourth , this is one fourth , and this is one fourth . and now , we can solve for the second can solve for the second derivative . just gon na make sure i do n't make any careless mistakes . | is n't the second derivative supposed to be multiplied by 4 ? |
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