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introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
suppose , for the sake of keeping things simple , that we have a cell that ’ s shaped like a cube . some plant cells are , in fact , cube-shaped . if the length of one of the cube ’ s sides is $ l $ , the surface area of the cube will be $ 6l^2 $ , and the volume of the cube will be $ l^3 $ . this means that as $ l $ g...
what does the little red ball inside the cube represent ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an outer covering that separates the cell ’ s interior from its surrounding environment . cytoplasm consists of the jelly-like cytosol inside the cell , plus the cellular structures suspended in it . in eukaryotes , cytoplasm specifically means the region out...
what is the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
bacteria are very diverse in form , so not every type of bacterium will have all of the features shown in the diagram . most bacteria are , however , surrounded by a rigid cell wall made out of peptidoglycan , a polymer composed of linked carbohydrates and small proteins . the cell wall provides an extra layer of prote...
what is the cell wall of fungi made of ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
the surface-area-to-volume problem is just one of a related set of difficulties posed by large cell size . as cells get larger , it also takes longer to transport materials inside of them . these considerations place a general upper limit on cell size , with eukaryotic cells being able to exceed prokaryotic cells thank...
why is the flagellum only in the prokaryotic cells and not in the eukaryotic cells ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
that ’ s right ! you are home to around 100 trillion bacterial cells , which outnumber your own human cells by about 10 to one $ ^1 $ . this means that your body is actually an ecosystem .
do bacteria have their own cells ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
fimbriae are numeous , hair-like structures that are used for attachment to host cells and other surfaces . bacteria may also have rod-like structures known as pili , which come in different varieties . for instance , some types of pili allow a bacterium to transfer $ \text { dna } $ molecules to other bacteria , while...
what is the difference between cilia and pili ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins . despite these similarities , prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in a number of important ways . a prokaryote is a simple , single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles .
i am wondering is there any part of the human consists of the prokaryotes or is it my understanding is wrong ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
are prokaryotic cells the most `` ancient '' cell ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
what are the least important organelles in a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
what key features of eukaryotic cells have enabled them to have this increased cell volume in comparison with prokaryotes ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
suppose , for the sake of keeping things simple , that we have a cell that ’ s shaped like a cube . some plant cells are , in fact , cube-shaped . if the length of one of the cube ’ s sides is $ l $ , the surface area of the cube will be $ 6l^2 $ , and the volume of the cube will be $ l^3 $ .
is it due to the fact euks can carry out endo/exocytosis whereas proks can only carry out simple diffusion ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
the cell wall provides an extra layer of protection , helps the cell maintain its shape , and prevents dehydration . many bacteria also have an outermost layer of carbohydrates called the capsule . the capsule is sticky and helps the cell attach to surfaces in its environment .
and is it also a result of the possibility of euks having microvilli ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
what is the function of a prokaryotic cell ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
each unit of increase in a logarithmic scale represents a 10-fold increase in the quantity being measured , so these are big size differences we ’ re talking about ! with a few cool exceptions—check out the single-celled seaweed caulerpa—cells must remain fairly small , regardless of whether they ’ re prokaryotic or eu...
do prokaryotic cells have single-linear chromosomes or multiple-linear chromosomes ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
the surface-area-to-volume problem is just one of a related set of difficulties posed by large cell size . as cells get larger , it also takes longer to transport materials inside of them . these considerations place a general upper limit on cell size , with eukaryotic cells being able to exceed prokaryotic cells thank...
what are some similarities between pro and eukaryotic cells ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
do prokaryotic cells reproduce through mitosis or meiosis ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
where does ribosomes production occurs in prokaryotic cell ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
is it possible to alter a prokaryotic cell ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins . despite these similarities , prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in a number of important ways . a prokaryote is a simple , single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles .
do prokaryotes have double strand rna in their cytoplasm ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
that ’ s right ! you are home to around 100 trillion bacterial cells , which outnumber your own human cells by about 10 to one $ ^1 $ . this means that your body is actually an ecosystem .
do prokaryote cells have free floating mirna in their cytoplasm ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
most bacteria are , however , surrounded by a rigid cell wall made out of peptidoglycan , a polymer composed of linked carbohydrates and small proteins . the cell wall provides an extra layer of protection , helps the cell maintain its shape , and prevents dehydration . many bacteria also have an outermost layer of car...
does cilia have any bother purpose than just helping a cell to move ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
the volume , however , will increase even faster since it changes with the cube of $ l $ . thus , as a cell gets bigger , its surface-area-to-volume ratio drops . for example , the cube-shaped cell on the left has a volume of 1 mm $ ^3 $ and a surface area of 6 mm $ ^2 $ with a surface-area-to-volume ratio of six to on...
how and why does the volume of a cell and surface area increases , what causes cells to grow ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
fimbriae are numeous , hair-like structures that are used for attachment to host cells and other surfaces . bacteria may also have rod-like structures known as pili , which come in different varieties . for instance , some types of pili allow a bacterium to transfer $ \text { dna } $ molecules to other bacteria , while...
i know that their are some differences between archea and bacteria , but how else are they different ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
how does the semi-protist monocercomoides differ from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
the capsule is sticky and helps the cell attach to surfaces in its environment . some bacteria also have a specialized structures found on the cell surface , which may help them move , stick to surfaces , or even exchange genetic material with other bacteria . for instance , flagella are whip-like structures that act a...
but what stays here for bacteria ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
how do prokaryotic cells reproduce ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’ s right ! you are home to around 100 trillion bacterial cells , which outnumber your own human cells by about 10 to one $ ^1 $ .
so phospholipids have two ends , right ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
bacteria may also have rod-like structures known as pili , which come in different varieties . for instance , some types of pili allow a bacterium to transfer $ \text { dna } $ molecules to other bacteria , while others are involved in bacterial locomotion—helping the bacterium move . archaea may also have most of thes...
what is the correlation between these and lipids , if lipids , as far as i know , are just fatty acid molecules ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
the cell wall provides an extra layer of protection , helps the cell maintain its shape , and prevents dehydration . many bacteria also have an outermost layer of carbohydrates called the capsule . the capsule is sticky and helps the cell attach to surfaces in its environment .
also , what 's the difference between mitosis and binary fission ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’ s right !
has the classification of virus as living or non living been decided ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
suppose , for the sake of keeping things simple , that we have a cell that ’ s shaped like a cube . some plant cells are , in fact , cube-shaped . if the length of one of the cube ’ s sides is $ l $ , the surface area of the cube will be $ 6l^2 $ , and the volume of the cube will be $ l^3 $ .
so , to clarify , prokaryotic cells are neither plant or animal cells , just fungi and bacteria ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
despite these similarities , prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in a number of important ways . a prokaryote is a simple , single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles . we ’ ll talk more about the nucleus and organelles in the next article on eukaryotic cells , but the main thing to keep in...
can a single-celled organism have a metabolism ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
for instance , flagella are whip-like structures that act as rotary motors to help bacteria move . fimbriae are numeous , hair-like structures that are used for attachment to host cells and other surfaces . bacteria may also have rod-like structures known as pili , which come in different varieties .
are virus ' prokaryotic as they have fimbriae to attach themselves to the host body ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
in eukaryotes , cytoplasm specifically means the region outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane . dna is the genetic material of the cell . ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins .
what is the difference between dna and chromatin material ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
most bacteria are , however , surrounded by a rigid cell wall made out of peptidoglycan , a polymer composed of linked carbohydrates and small proteins . the cell wall provides an extra layer of protection , helps the cell maintain its shape , and prevents dehydration . many bacteria also have an outermost layer of car...
i just wanted to ask that how can cell wall play its role in preventing dehydration ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
some bacteria also have a specialized structures found on the cell surface , which may help them move , stick to surfaces , or even exchange genetic material with other bacteria . for instance , flagella are whip-like structures that act as rotary motors to help bacteria move . fimbriae are numeous , hair-like structur...
why do some animals like mammals feel the need to produce live young , whereas , animals like birds and reptiles give birth by laying eggs ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
that ’ s right ! you are home to around 100 trillion bacterial cells , which outnumber your own human cells by about 10 to one $ ^1 $ . this means that your body is actually an ecosystem .
is microrgasim will survive without human ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
that ’ s right ! you are home to around 100 trillion bacterial cells , which outnumber your own human cells by about 10 to one $ ^1 $ . this means that your body is actually an ecosystem .
why are there a variety of cells in living things ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
a prokaryotic cell exclusively contains which of the following structures ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
how do prokaryotic cells reproduce ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
the basic answer is that as cells become larger , it gets harder for them to exchange enough nutrients and wastes with their environment . to see how this works , let ’ s look at a cell ’ s surface-area-to-volume ratio . suppose , for the sake of keeping things simple , that we have a cell that ’ s shaped like a cube .
will you be able to see the flagella of a cell under the microscope ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
that ’ s right ! you are home to around 100 trillion bacterial cells , which outnumber your own human cells by about 10 to one $ ^1 $ . this means that your body is actually an ecosystem .
does men and woman have the same amount of bacterial cells ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
in eukaryotes , cytoplasm specifically means the region outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane . dna is the genetic material of the cell . ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins . despite these similarities , prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in a number of important ways .
so do we have all the things that a cell need like dna , cytoplasm , ribosomes , and plasm membrane in the human body ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ?
why are viruses considered dead ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
that ’ s right ! you are home to around 100 trillion bacterial cells , which outnumber your own human cells by about 10 to one $ ^1 $ . this means that your body is actually an ecosystem .
what is the main difference between the function of prokaryote and eukaryote cells ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ?
why is it saying that an adult female is a meter tall in the image ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
the surface-area-to-volume problem is just one of a related set of difficulties posed by large cell size . as cells get larger , it also takes longer to transport materials inside of them . these considerations place a general upper limit on cell size , with eukaryotic cells being able to exceed prokaryotic cells thank...
how is the dna in prokaryotic cells also not destroyed due to a lack of nucleus ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ?
what are `` plasmids '' and why ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
it also means that you—for some definition of the word you—actually consist of both of the major types of cells : prokaryotic and eukaryotic . all cells fall into one of these two broad categories . only the single-celled organisms of the domains bacteria and archaea are classified as prokaryotes—pro means before and k...
how is the union of two prokaryotic cells , one aerobic and the other anaerobic , might be mutually beneficial and lead to sustained endosymbiosis.why might this cell have a selective advantage over other members of the two individual species ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
most bacteria are , however , surrounded by a rigid cell wall made out of peptidoglycan , a polymer composed of linked carbohydrates and small proteins . the cell wall provides an extra layer of protection , helps the cell maintain its shape , and prevents dehydration . many bacteria also have an outermost layer of car...
is an archaea its own type of cell , or is it classified as a prokaryote ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
why are prokaryotic cells only found as unicellular organisms ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
it also means that you—for some definition of the word you—actually consist of both of the major types of cells : prokaryotic and eukaryotic . all cells fall into one of these two broad categories . only the single-celled organisms of the domains bacteria and archaea are classified as prokaryotes—pro means before and k...
how are bacteria and archaea , which are single-celled , considered organisms if organisms are individuals that consist of one of more cells ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
that ’ s right ! you are home to around 100 trillion bacterial cells , which outnumber your own human cells by about 10 to one $ ^1 $ . this means that your body is actually an ecosystem .
what are totipotent and pleuripotent cells ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
what are the organelles inside a prokaryotic cell ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
are prokaryotic cells only in our digestive system ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
for instance , although archaea also have a cell wall , it 's not made out of peptidoglycan—although it does contain carbohydrates and proteins . cell size typical prokaryotic cells range from 0.1 to 5.0 micrometers ( μm ) in diameter and are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells , which usually have diameters ra...
why are some cells smaller than others ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
most bacteria are , however , surrounded by a rigid cell wall made out of peptidoglycan , a polymer composed of linked carbohydrates and small proteins . the cell wall provides an extra layer of protection , helps the cell maintain its shape , and prevents dehydration . many bacteria also have an outermost layer of car...
whats the largest known cell ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
this means that your body is actually an ecosystem . it also means that you—for some definition of the word you—actually consist of both of the major types of cells : prokaryotic and eukaryotic . all cells fall into one of these two broad categories .
what does the word `` protist '' mean ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
dna is the genetic material of the cell . ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins . despite these similarities , prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in a number of important ways .
are there any machines to calculate the smallest of small measurement like nanometer ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
dna is the genetic material of the cell . ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins . despite these similarities , prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in a number of important ways .
how do ribosomes synthesize proteins ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
in eukaryotes , cytoplasm specifically means the region outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane . dna is the genetic material of the cell . ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins .
what is a cell 's hereditary material ( for prokaryotes ) ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins . despite these similarities , prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in a number of important ways . a prokaryote is a simple , single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles .
what is the main distinction between prokaryotes and cyanobacteria ?
introduction take a moment and look at yourself . how many organisms do you see ? your first thought might be that there 's just one : yourself . however , if you were to look closer , at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract , you would see that there are actually many organisms living there . that ’...
often , though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around . components of prokaryotic cells there are some key ingredients that a cell needs in order to be a cell , regardless of whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic . all cells share four key components : the plasma membrane is an ...
what is exactly the function , or in better words , the task of a prokaryotic cell ?
who is depticted here ? this statue depicts the bodhisattva maitreya . bodhisattvas are enlightened beings who postpone their own salvation in order to help all sentient beings . the bodhisattva is an ideal type , not a depiction of an historical person like the buddha . bodhisattvas have some of the characteristics of...
who is depticted here ? this statue depicts the bodhisattva maitreya . bodhisattvas are enlightened beings who postpone their own salvation in order to help all sentient beings .
do most of all portrayal of bodhisattva have a halo ?
background the gradient line integrals in a vector field only needed if you want to understand the proof : multivariable chain rule what we 're building to the fundamental theorem of line integrals , also called the gradient theorem , states that $ \begin { align } \int_a^b \nabla \bluee { f } ( \greene { \vec { \textb...
how could you mathematically keep track of the change in this height as we walk along the path . instead of projecting the path onto the graph of $ f $ , we could also overlay it with the gradient field of $ f $ ( the vector field where each vector represents $ \nabla f $ ) : let 's write down the gradient theorem agai...
how come in these articles were taking the gradient of f along the vector field r , but in the videos sal is doing with work he is taking the integral of the function along the vector field r times dr ?
background the gradient line integrals in a vector field only needed if you want to understand the proof : multivariable chain rule what we 're building to the fundamental theorem of line integrals , also called the gradient theorem , states that $ \begin { align } \int_a^b \nabla \bluee { f } ( \greene { \vec { \textb...
concept check 4 : finally , how can you interpret​ the integral $ \begin { align } \int_a^b \bluee { \nabla f ( \vec { \textbf { r } } ( t ) ) } \cdot \rede { \vec { \textbf { r } } ' ( t ) dt } \end { align } $ however , there is a much simpler way to think about the change in the value of $ f $ from the start of the ...
is n't where we see the term nabla f r ( t ) times r ' ( t ) in the fundamental theorem of line integrals merely a consequence of the chain rule ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
the cave spaces range widely in size and ease of access . the famous hall of bulls ( below ) is large enough to hold some fifty people . other `` rooms '' and `` halls '' are extraordinarily narrow and tall .
in hall of bulls you can see that there are bulls as well as other animals , could it be depicting a herd ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
the original lascaux cave is now a designated unesco world heritage site . lascaux will require constant vigilance and upkeep to preserve it for future generations . many mysteries continue to surround lascaux , but there is one certainty .
i wonder if such art is the beginning of an attempt at written tradition , perhaps , as others have surmised , an instructional guide on how to hunt for informational purposes for both current and future generations ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
archaeologists have found hundreds of stone tools , they have also identified holes in some walls that may have supported tree-limb scaffolding that would have elevated an artist high enough to reach the upper surfaces . fossilized pollen has been found . these grains were inadvertently brought into the cave by early v...
have any remains of burning materials been found to explain what kind of lights they used to do the painting ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
a replica called lascaux ii was created about 200 yards away from the site . the original lascaux cave is now a designated unesco world heritage site . lascaux will require constant vigilance and upkeep to preserve it for future generations .
what is the purpose then of the second lascaux cave , was this to replicate what people can not go and see/ visit ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
a replica called lascaux ii was created about 200 yards away from the site . the original lascaux cave is now a designated unesco world heritage site . lascaux will require constant vigilance and upkeep to preserve it for future generations .
why some of lascaux cave paintings took place in deep and narrow gaps ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
the cave of lascaux , france is one of almost 350 similar sites that are known to exist—most are isolated to a region of southern france and northern spain . both neanderthals ( named after the site in which their bones were first discovered—the neander valley in germany ) and modern humans ( early homo sapiens sapiens...
would the neanderthals paint plants , too ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
a replica called lascaux ii was created about 200 yards away from the site . the original lascaux cave is now a designated unesco world heritage site . lascaux will require constant vigilance and upkeep to preserve it for future generations . many mysteries continue to surround lascaux , but there is one certainty . th...
is there a way to preserve the caves of lascaux , besides closing it to the public ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
some researchers believe that `` master '' artists enlisted the help of assistants who mixed pigments and held animal fat lamps to illuminate the space . alternatively , in the case of the `` rooms '' containing mostly engraved and overlapping forms , it seems that the pure process of drawing and repetitive re-drawing ...
when was the rhinoceros depicted in the drawing estimated to have gone extinct ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
how did they do it ? the animals are rendered in what has come to be called `` twisted perspective , '' in which their bodies are depicted in profile while we see the horns from a more frontal viewpoint . the images are sometimes entirely linear—line drawn to define the animal 's contour .
were there any imaginary beings depicted or was this artistic realism ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
interpreters of this image tend to agree that some sort of interaction has taken place among these animals and the bird-headed human figure—in which the bison has sustained injury either from a weapon or from the horn of the rhinoceros . why the person in the image has the rudimentary head of a bird , and why a bird fo...
mabey the bird was a lure ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
from 1940 to 1963 , the numbers of visitors and their impact on the delicately balanced environment of the cave—which supported the preservation of the cave images for so long—necessitated the cave ’ s closure to the public . a replica called lascaux ii was created about 200 yards away from the site . the original lasc...
what period were the cave paintings in the caves at altamira and lascaux created in ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
perhaps the most famous theory was put forth by a priest named henri breuil . breuil spent considerable time in many of the caves , meticulously recording the images in drawings when the paintings were too challenging to photograph . relying primarily on a field of study known as ethnography , breuil believed that the ...
is it possible that the drawings were an `` instruction manual '' for hunting ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
further below and to the far left the partial outline of a rhinoceros can be identified . interpreters of this image tend to agree that some sort of interaction has taken place among these animals and the bird-headed human figure—in which the bison has sustained injury either from a weapon or from the horn of the rhino...
could the bird stick be some sort of ceremonial staff or imaginary weapon used by the bird-headed shaman ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
approximately 15,000 years later in the valley of vèzére , in southwestern france , modern humans lived and witnessed the migratory patterns of a vast range of wildlife . they discovered a cave in a tall hill overlooking the valley . inside , an unknown number of these people drew and painted images that , once discove...
does anybody know the specific scientific name of the plant that contained the pollen spores that was discovered in the cave ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one of almost 350 similar sites that are known to exist—most are isolated to a region of southern france and northern spain . both neanderthals ( named after the site in which their bones wer...
these cave paintings were found in france , correct ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking .
do you think that only the `` holy '' men of these groups are pictured ?
we are as likely to communicate using easily interpretable pictures as we are text . portable handheld devices enable us to tell others via social media what we are doing and thinking . approximately 15,000 years ago , we also communicated in pictures—but with no written language . the cave of lascaux , france is one o...
interpreters of this image tend to agree that some sort of interaction has taken place among these animals and the bird-headed human figure—in which the bison has sustained injury either from a weapon or from the horn of the rhinoceros . why the person in the image has the rudimentary head of a bird , and why a bird fo...
why do they believe that the head of the man is a bird ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
carbohydrates are biological molecules made of carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen in a ratio of roughly one carbon atom ( $ \text c $ ) to one water molecule ( $ \text h_2\text o $ ) . this composition gives carbohydrates their name : they are made up of carbon ( carbo- ) plus water ( -hydrate ) . carbohydrate chains come ...
what 's the difference between carbohydrates and hydrocarbons ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
this gives cellulose its rigidity and high tensile strength , which are important to plant cells . the β glycosidic linkages in cellulose ca n't be broken by human digestive enzymes , so humans are not able to digest cellulose . ( that ’ s not to say that cellulose isn ’ t found in our diets , it just passes through us...
are beta-glycosidic linkages inherently stronger due to some chemical property , or is it just that humans lack the enzymes to digest it ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
cellulose , for example , is a major component of plant cell walls , which are rigid structures that enclose the cells ( and help make lettuce and other veggies crunchy ) . wood and paper are mostly made of cellulose , and cellulose itself is made up of unbranched chains of glucose monomers linked by $ 1 $ $ \mbox { - ...
whatever the answer , this is not to be confused with the reason cellulose is so strong ( which is due to the hydrogen bonds acting between different polymers of glucose , forming thin fibrils ) , am i correct ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
the most common disaccharide is sucrose ( table sugar ) , which is made of glucose and fructose . polysaccharides a long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds is known as a polysaccharide ( poly- = “ many ” ) . the chain may be branched or unbranched and may contain different types of monosaccharides .
why are galactose and glucose isomers , when the hydroxyl group that is `` flipped '' is linked to the chain by single bonds only ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
these chains cluster together to form parallel bundles that are held together by hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups $ ^ { 4,5 } $ . this gives cellulose its rigidity and high tensile strength , which are important to plant cells . the β glycosidic linkages in cellulose ca n't be broken by human digestive enzymes , ...
are humans able to break down chitin , or does this pass through in a similar manner to plant-based cellulose ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
these chains cluster together to form parallel bundles that are held together by hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups $ ^ { 4,5 } $ . this gives cellulose its rigidity and high tensile strength , which are important to plant cells . the β glycosidic linkages in cellulose ca n't be broken by human digestive enzymes , ...
what are functions of cellulose besides support ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
this small difference is enough for enzymes to tell glucose and galactose apart , picking just one of the sugars to take part in chemical reactions $ ^1 $ . ring forms of sugars you may have noticed that the sugars we ’ ve looked at so far are linear molecules ( straight chains ) . that may seem odd because sugars are ...
we have looked at the linear structures of these sugars my question is how these atoms of sugars are arranged in real life means in linear form or in ringed form ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
the most common disaccharide is sucrose ( table sugar ) , which is made of glucose and fructose . polysaccharides a long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds is known as a polysaccharide ( poly- = “ many ” ) . the chain may be branched or unbranched and may contain different types of monosaccharides .
if single bonds can rotate freely do the stereoisomers become each other interchangeably ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
sugars are also named according to their number of carbons : some of the most common types are trioses ( three carbons ) , pentoses ( five carbons ) , and hexoses ( six carbons ) . glucose and its isomers one important monosaccharide is glucose , a six-carbon sugar with the formula $ \text c_6\text h_ { 12 } \text o_6 ...
with the glucose and galactose isomers , ca n't glucose 's 3rd carbon spin around if it does n't have a double bond ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
even when glucose is in a six-membered ring , it can occur in two different forms with different properties . during ring formation , the $ \text o $ from the carbonyl , which is converted to a hydroxyl group , will be trapped either “ above ” the ring ( on the same side as the $ \text { ch } _2\text { oh } $ group ) o...
would not the carbon backbone have single bonds making it tetrahedral and thus able to rotate freely allowing the hydroxyl group be on either side ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
maltose , or malt sugar , is a disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules . the most common disaccharide is sucrose ( table sugar ) , which is made of glucose and fructose . polysaccharides a long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds is known as a polysaccharide ( poly- = “ many ” ) .
in case of fructose which is a pentose sugar how can we distinguish between alpha and beta fructose ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
these chains cluster together to form parallel bundles that are held together by hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups $ ^ { 4,5 } $ . this gives cellulose its rigidity and high tensile strength , which are important to plant cells . the β glycosidic linkages in cellulose ca n't be broken by human digestive enzymes , ...
is the ability to digest cellulose one of the important factors to determine whether an animal is a herbivore ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
you can see this in the diagram as a switch in the orientation of the hydroxyl ( $ \text { oh } $ ) group , marked in red . this small difference is enough for enzymes to tell glucose and galactose apart , picking just one of the sugars to take part in chemical reactions $ ^1 $ . ring forms of sugars you may have notic...
what is the difference between aldose and triose ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
in a sucrose molecule , the $ 1 $ carbon of glucose is connected to the $ 2 $ carbon of fructose , so this bond is called a $ 1 $ $ \mbox { - } $ $ 2 $ glycosidic linkage . common disaccharides include lactose , maltose , and sucrose . lactose is a disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose and is found naturally...
what 's the difference between lactase and lactose ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
this gives cellulose its rigidity and high tensile strength , which are important to plant cells . the β glycosidic linkages in cellulose ca n't be broken by human digestive enzymes , so humans are not able to digest cellulose . ( that ’ s not to say that cellulose isn ’ t found in our diets , it just passes through us...
so if glycosidic linkages in cellulose ca n't be broken down with the human digestive system , does that mean they do n't supply anything useful to the body ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
you can see this in the diagram as a switch in the orientation of the hydroxyl ( $ \text { oh } $ ) group , marked in red . this small difference is enough for enzymes to tell glucose and galactose apart , picking just one of the sugars to take part in chemical reactions $ ^1 $ . ring forms of sugars you may have notic...
what is the difference between a monomer and a monosaccharide ?
introduction what ’ s in a spud ? besides water , which makes up most of the potato ’ s weight , there ’ s a little fat , a little protein…and a whole lot of carbohydrate ( about 37 grams in a medium potato ) . some of that carbohydrate is in the form of sugars . these provide the potato , and the person eating the pot...
many people ca n't digest lactose as adults , resulting in lactose intolerance ( which you or your friends may be all too familiar with ) . maltose , or malt sugar , is a disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules . the most common disaccharide is sucrose ( table sugar ) , which is made of glucose and fructose .
is it possible to be allergic to sugar ?