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a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . | could humans live on mars ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . | how thin is the mars 's atmosphere ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | it is believed that these streaks are formed by short term discharge of salty waters when mars heats up briefly in the summer . if we look at ancient mars using this topographic map , we see enormous outflow channels and valleys into blue depression . so water wasn ’ t “ short term ” in the past as it is today . | what are those blue vanes for ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid water during periods of warming . here is nasa ’ s hypothesised history of water on mars : today we still find evidence of ice below the surface when asteroids strike as seen by the ma... | did mars really have water millions of years ago ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid water during periods of warming . here is nasa ’ s hypothesised history of water on mars : today we still find evidence of ice below the surface when asteroids strike as seen by the ma... | why and how can mars get water ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | how can mars and earth was created at the same time ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | so we hope to examine the history of rock at key divisions in the geological record . right around the “ clay era ” , which is wet , then dry which results in sulphate deposits . next we choose our destination… . | what is the difference between a era and a period ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | below is a global map of valley networks on mars , based on a global mosaic of mars odyssey themis images . you can see how the valleys follow local topography these new results imply that mars had a long-lived period or periods of mild conditions toward the end of the noachian epoch that supported a hydrologic cycle a... | what is the `` noachian epoch '' ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | has mars existed longer than earth ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | should n't the ice on mars suppose to melt ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | why does mars have an thinner `` blanket `` then earth ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | martian valley networks have long been viewed as some of the best evidence of prolonged surface water on mars . the density and complexity of the networks makes it much more likely we 're looking at valleys that formed by runoff of some kind of precipitation . below is a global map of valley networks on mars , based on... | i wonder , why do we care so much about the other planets in our solar system when we know that they are inhabitable for humans ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | will the ice melt eventually , and will people be able to inhabit mars in the future ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | why is n't the mars axis stable like earth ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid water during periods of warming . | or conversely , why is the earth 's axis stable ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | is it because the earth has its moon to keep the earth 's rotational axis in a narrow range , while mars has two puny moons which do not stabilize it 's rotation ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | or is there another mechanism keeping earth 's rotation fairly stable but not stable for mars ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | what is need of aluminuem for life to be stable on mars , only nitrogen , hydrogen , oxygen , water are the basic needs.will any oganism eat aluminuem ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | how can i see mars from earth ? |
a mild history curiosity will land in a region where this key item on the checklist of life ’ s requirements has already been determined : it was wet . how could have mars been wet ? mars axis isn ’ t stable like earth , and when it tilts extremely the poles grow resulting in ice ages . this ice cycles back to liquid w... | below is some recent evidence of current outflows . it is believed that these streaks are formed by short term discharge of salty waters when mars heats up briefly in the summer . if we look at ancient mars using this topographic map , we see enormous outflow channels and valleys into blue depression . so water wasn ’ ... | building around my house are taller and the pollution is n't very good here , what can i do to see mars ? |
superposition is a super useful technique to add to your toolkit of circuit analysis methods . use superposition when you have a circuit with multiple inputs or multiple power sources . what we 're building to the principle of superposition is another name for the additivity property of linearity : $ f ( x_1 + x_2 ) = ... | we complete the analysis by adding the contributions from each source : $ i_1 = i_ { 1v } + i_ { 1i } = 0 + \text { is } = \text { is } $ $ i_2 = i_ { 2v } + i_ { 2i } = \dfrac { \text { vs } } { \text r2 } + 0 = \dfrac { \text { vs } } { \text r2 } $ the full solution looks like this : this could have been a tricky an... | how do you deal with dependent sources when doing superposition ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | you may be thinking that the $ \text { atp } $ output of the citric acid cycle seems pretty unimpressive . all that work for just one $ \text { atp } $ or $ \text { gtp } $ ? it ’ s true that the citric acid cycle doesn ’ t produce much $ \text { atp } $ directly . | is there a difference between atp and gtp ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! | explain why citric acid cycle ca n't operate in the absence of oxygen ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | the citric acid cycle is a closed loop ; the last part of the pathway reforms the molecule used in the first step . the cycle includes eight major steps . in the first step of the cycle , acetyl $ \text { coa } $ combines with a four-carbon acceptor molecule , oxaloacetate , to form a six-carbon molecule called citrate... | how kerebs found this cycle ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | we ’ ll walk through the cycle step by step , seeing how $ \text { nadh } $ , $ \text { fadh } _2 $ , and $ \text { atp } $ / $ \text { gtp } $ are produced and where carbon dioxide molecules are released . step 1 . in the first step of the citric acid cycle , acetyl $ \text { coa } $ joins with a four-carbon molecule ... | which provides more energy output , 1 atp molecule or 1 gtp molecule ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | in the third step , isocitrate is oxidized and releases a molecule of carbon dioxide , leaving behind a five-carbon molecule—α-ketoglutarate . during this step , $ \text { nad } ^+ $ is reduced to form $ \text { nadh } $ . the enzyme catalyzing this step , isocitrate dehydrogenase , is important in regulating the speed... | how many nad+ are reduced to nadh in glycolysis ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | this is actually a two-step process , involving first the removal and then the addition of a water molecule , which is why the citric acid cycle is sometimes described as having nine steps—rather than the eight listed here $ ^3 $ . step 3 . in the third step , isocitrate is oxidized and releases a molecule of carbon di... | what happens to all the h produced in step 3 , 4 , and 8 ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | each glucose produces two acetyl $ \text { coa } $ molecules , so we need to multiply these numbers by $ 2 $ if we want the per-glucose yield . two carbons—from acetyl $ \text { coa } $ —enter the citric acid cycle in each turn , and two carbon dioxide molecules are released . however , the carbon dioxide molecules don... | why is a carbon not taken from the malate during the production of nadh from nad+ like it was in the first two times this occurred ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | in step five , the $ \text { coa } $ of succinyl $ \text { coa } $ is replaced by a phosphate group , which is then transferred to $ \text { adp } $ to make $ \text { atp } $ . in some cells , $ \text { gdp } $ —guanine diphosphate—is used instead of $ \text { adp } $ , forming $ \text { gtp } $ —guanine triphosphate—a... | hi there , what is pi next to gdp on the diagram ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | you may be thinking that the $ \text { atp } $ output of the citric acid cycle seems pretty unimpressive . all that work for just one $ \text { atp } $ or $ \text { gtp } $ ? it ’ s true that the citric acid cycle doesn ’ t produce much $ \text { atp } $ directly . | how is gtp turned into atp ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! | is there a surplus h ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | after enough turns , all the carbon atoms from the acetyl group of acetyl $ \text { coa } $ will be released as carbon dioxide . where ’ s all the $ \text { atp } $ ? you may be thinking that the $ \text { atp } $ output of the citric acid cycle seems pretty unimpressive . | what is the difference of atp and adp ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! | what would happen if aconitase did n't bind asymmetrically ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | each glucose produces two acetyl $ \text { coa } $ molecules , so we need to multiply these numbers by $ 2 $ if we want the per-glucose yield . two carbons—from acetyl $ \text { coa } $ —enter the citric acid cycle in each turn , and two carbon dioxide molecules are released . however , the carbon dioxide molecules don... | how many carbons would be released from acetyl coa ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | in the third step , isocitrate is oxidized and releases a molecule of carbon dioxide , leaving behind a five-carbon molecule—α-ketoglutarate . during this step , $ \text { nad } ^+ $ is reduced to form $ \text { nadh } $ . the enzyme catalyzing this step , isocitrate dehydrogenase , is important in regulating the speed... | from where does the nad+ ions come in each processes ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | overall , one turn of the citric acid cycle releases two carbon dioxide molecules and produces three $ \text { nadh } $ , one $ \text { fadh } _2 $ , and one $ \text { atp } $ or $ \text { gtp } $ . the citric acid cycle goes around twice for each molecule of glucose that enters cellular respiration because there are t... | how many total nadh , fadh2 , gtp , and co2 are produced per glucose molecule in all 3 stages of cellular respiration ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | we ’ ll walk through the cycle step by step , seeing how $ \text { nadh } $ , $ \text { fadh } _2 $ , and $ \text { atp } $ / $ \text { gtp } $ are produced and where carbon dioxide molecules are released . step 1 . in the first step of the citric acid cycle , acetyl $ \text { coa } $ joins with a four-carbon molecule ... | how many atp , nadh and fadh2 mlecules are produced in the krebs cycle per 1 mol of glucose ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! | how come 3nadh and 1fadh2 can be 8e-s ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , citric acid . however , you may also hear this series of reactions called the tricarboxylic acid ( tca ) cycle , for the three carboxyl groups on its... | what is the significance of krebs cycle ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | in the third step , isocitrate is oxidized and releases a molecule of carbon dioxide , leaving behind a five-carbon molecule—α-ketoglutarate . during this step , $ \text { nad } ^+ $ is reduced to form $ \text { nadh } $ . the enzyme catalyzing this step , isocitrate dehydrogenase , is important in regulating the speed... | how does fad have a higher electron affinity than nad+ when nad+ has a positive charge ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | however , it can make a lot of $ \text { atp } $ indirectly , by way of the $ \text { nadh } $ and $ \text { fadh } _2 $ it generates . these electron carriers will connect with the last portion of cellular respiration , depositing their electrons into the electron transport chain to drive synthesis of atp molecules th... | would n't nad+ want to take an electron more in order to balance its ' positive charge ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | the enzyme catalyzing this step , α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase , is also important in regulation of the citric acid cycle . step 5 . in step five , the $ \text { coa } $ of succinyl $ \text { coa } $ is replaced by a phosphate group , which is then transferred to $ \text { adp } $ to make $ \text { atp } $ . | does the hydrogen in step 5 come from gdp/adp ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | the citric acid cycle is a closed loop ; the last part of the pathway reforms the molecule used in the first step . the cycle includes eight major steps . in the first step of the cycle , acetyl $ \text { coa } $ combines with a four-carbon acceptor molecule , oxaloacetate , to form a six-carbon molecule called citrate... | is oxygen required for the kreb 's cycle ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | the citric acid cycle is a closed loop ; the last part of the pathway reforms the molecule used in the first step . the cycle includes eight major steps . in the first step of the cycle , acetyl $ \text { coa } $ combines with a four-carbon acceptor molecule , oxaloacetate , to form a six-carbon molecule called citrate... | where does the oaa molecule come from to start thefirst round of tca cycle ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | it takes acetyl $ \text { coa } $ —produced by the oxidation of pyruvate and originally derived from glucose—as its starting material and , in a series of redox reactions , harvests much of its bond energy in the form of $ \text { nadh } $ , $ \text { fadh } _2 $ , and $ \text { atp } $ molecules . the reduced electron... | can the tca be active during anaerobic respiration ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | the enzymes that catalyze these reactions are key regulators of the citric acid cycle , speeding it up or slowing it down based on the cell ’ s energy needs $ ^2 $ . the remaining four-carbon molecule undergoes a series of additional reactions , first making an $ \text { atp } $ molecule—or , in some cells , a similar ... | how many atp can a molecule of nadh generate ; how many for fadh2 ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | instead , the carbons from acetyl $ \text { coa } $ are initially incorporated into the intermediates of the cycle and are released as carbon dioxide only during later turns . after enough turns , all the carbon atoms from the acetyl group of acetyl $ \text { coa } $ will be released as carbon dioxide . where ’ s all t... | is it just there in the mitochondrial matrix , waiting for an acetyl group to attach to ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | each glucose produces two acetyl $ \text { coa } $ molecules , so we need to multiply these numbers by $ 2 $ if we want the per-glucose yield . two carbons—from acetyl $ \text { coa } $ —enter the citric acid cycle in each turn , and two carbon dioxide molecules are released . however , the carbon dioxide molecules don... | does the acetyl coa that entered into the tca cycle released in the first round of the cycle as carbon dioxide ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | in the third step , isocitrate is oxidized and releases a molecule of carbon dioxide , leaving behind a five-carbon molecule—α-ketoglutarate . during this step , $ \text { nad } ^+ $ is reduced to form $ \text { nadh } $ . the enzyme catalyzing this step , isocitrate dehydrogenase , is important in regulating the speed... | the first goes to nad to make nadh , where does the second go ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | in a single turn of the cycle , two carbons enter from acetyl $ \text { coa } $ , and two molecules of carbon dioxide are released ; three molecules of $ \text { nadh } $ and one molecule of $ \text { fadh } _2 $ are generated ; and one molecule of $ \text { atp } $ or $ \text { gtp } $ is produced . these figures are ... | if you label the carbonyl carbon of succinyl-coa : co2ch2ch3 -14co-s-coa and allow it to go through one round of the tca cycle- where does the label end up and in what proportion ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | in a single turn of the cycle , two carbons enter from acetyl $ \text { coa } $ , and two molecules of carbon dioxide are released ; three molecules of $ \text { nadh } $ and one molecule of $ \text { fadh } _2 $ are generated ; and one molecule of $ \text { atp } $ or $ \text { gtp } $ is produced . these figures are ... | so 2 turns of the cycle will create one glucose molecule ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | step 7 . in step seven , water is added to the four-carbon molecule fumarate , converting it into another four-carbon molecule called malate . step 8 . | when there are only 4 carbon molecule left , how did adp be reduced to atp ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | after enough turns , all the carbon atoms from the acetyl group of acetyl $ \text { coa } $ will be released as carbon dioxide . where ’ s all the $ \text { atp } $ ? you may be thinking that the $ \text { atp } $ output of the citric acid cycle seems pretty unimpressive . | during cyclic and oxidative phosphorylation atp is produced by chemical gradient in membranous organelles.how atp is produced during glycolysis , occuring in cytosol that lacks such type o f gradient ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | each glucose produces two acetyl $ \text { coa } $ molecules , so we need to multiply these numbers by $ 2 $ if we want the per-glucose yield . two carbons—from acetyl $ \text { coa } $ —enter the citric acid cycle in each turn , and two carbon dioxide molecules are released . however , the carbon dioxide molecules don... | where does the free energy go that is released from acetyl coa in the krebs cycle ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | after a quick rearrangement , this six-carbon molecule releases two of its carbons as carbon dioxide molecules in a pair of similar reactions , producing a molecule of $ \text { nadh } $ each time $ ^1 $ . the enzymes that catalyze these reactions are key regulators of the citric acid cycle , speeding it up or slowing ... | what happens hypothetically when the amount of atp available to the cell if the entire cori cycle were to occur and remain within a single cell such as the muscle cell ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | the citric acid cycle is a closed loop ; the last part of the pathway reforms the molecule used in the first step . the cycle includes eight major steps . in the first step of the cycle , acetyl $ \text { coa } $ combines with a four-carbon acceptor molecule , oxaloacetate , to form a six-carbon molecule called citrate... | so what is the major input and the final products ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! | does the citric acid cycle produce just gtps ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | after enough turns , all the carbon atoms from the acetyl group of acetyl $ \text { coa } $ will be released as carbon dioxide . where ’ s all the $ \text { atp } $ ? you may be thinking that the $ \text { atp } $ output of the citric acid cycle seems pretty unimpressive . | the total number of atp produced during conversion of succinates to oxaloacetates are ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | all that work for just one $ \text { atp } $ or $ \text { gtp } $ ? it ’ s true that the citric acid cycle doesn ’ t produce much $ \text { atp } $ directly . however , it can make a lot of $ \text { atp } $ indirectly , by way of the $ \text { nadh } $ and $ \text { fadh } _2 $ it generates . | why cant piruvate acid just react with oxaloacetate directly ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | we ’ ll walk through the cycle step by step , seeing how $ \text { nadh } $ , $ \text { fadh } _2 $ , and $ \text { atp } $ / $ \text { gtp } $ are produced and where carbon dioxide molecules are released . step 1 . in the first step of the citric acid cycle , acetyl $ \text { coa } $ joins with a four-carbon molecule ... | 1 h+ is come from coa-sh right ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | you may be thinking that the $ \text { atp } $ output of the citric acid cycle seems pretty unimpressive . all that work for just one $ \text { atp } $ or $ \text { gtp } $ ? it ’ s true that the citric acid cycle doesn ’ t produce much $ \text { atp } $ directly . however , it can make a lot of $ \text { atp } $ indir... | does gtp need to be converted into atp or can it directly be used for energy ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | you may be thinking that the $ \text { atp } $ output of the citric acid cycle seems pretty unimpressive . all that work for just one $ \text { atp } $ or $ \text { gtp } $ ? it ’ s true that the citric acid cycle doesn ’ t produce much $ \text { atp } $ directly . | if it has to , how will the gtp be converted into atp ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , citric acid . however , you may also hear this series of reactions called the tricarboxylic acid ( tca ) cycle , for the three carboxyl groups on its... | what is the first product of the krebs cycle ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! | of ammonia decreases citric acid cycle ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | below , we ’ ll look in more detail at how this remarkable cycle works . overview of the citric acid cycle in eukaryotes , the citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria , just like the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl $ \text { coa } $ . in prokaryotes , these steps both take place in the cytoplas... | where exactly does breaking pyruvate into acetyl coa takes place ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , citric acid . however , you may also hear this series of reactions called the tricarboxylic acid ( tca ) cycle , for the three carboxyl groups on its... | during glycolysis or during the krebs cycle ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | in a single turn of the cycle , two carbons enter from acetyl $ \text { coa } $ , and two molecules of carbon dioxide are released ; three molecules of $ \text { nadh } $ and one molecule of $ \text { fadh } _2 $ are generated ; and one molecule of $ \text { atp } $ or $ \text { gtp } $ is produced . these figures are ... | what would happen in the kerbs cycle if acetyl coa became unavailable ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | step 8 . in the last step of the citric acid cycle , oxaloacetate—the starting four-carbon compound—is regenerated by oxidation of malate . another molecule of $ \text { nad } ^+ $ is reduced to $ \text { nadh } $ in the process . | as i 'm concerned about that in the citric acid cycle : 1/ malate -- > go to the cytoplasm -- > become oxaloacetate 2/ oxaloacetate -- > aspartate -- > go to the cytoplasm -- > amino acid 3/ citrate -- > go to the cytoplasm ( meet citrate lyase ) -- > oxaloacetate but how can they go to the cytoplasm ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , citric acid . however , you may also hear this series of reactions called the tricarboxylic acid ( tca ) cycle , for the three carboxyl groups on its... | what is the relation vitamin b complex with krebs cycle as we know vit b complex can enhance appetite ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | the cycle includes eight major steps . in the first step of the cycle , acetyl $ \text { coa } $ combines with a four-carbon acceptor molecule , oxaloacetate , to form a six-carbon molecule called citrate . after a quick rearrangement , this six-carbon molecule releases two of its carbons as carbon dioxide molecules in... | how is the molecule formed in first step ( citrate ) i mean the structure does not make any sense ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | in the last step of the citric acid cycle , oxaloacetate—the starting four-carbon compound—is regenerated by oxidation of malate . another molecule of $ \text { nad } ^+ $ is reduced to $ \text { nadh } $ in the process . products of the citric acid cycle let ’ s take a step back and do some accounting , tracing the fa... | hey , could you elaborate exactly on how the whole energy-into-electrons thing with the nad+ molecule works ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | in this case , it ’ s α-ketoglutarate that ’ s oxidized , reducing $ \text { nad } ^+ $ to $ \text { nadh } $ and releasing a molecule of carbon dioxide in the process . the remaining four-carbon molecule picks up coenzyme a , forming the unstable compound succinyl $ \text { coa } $ . the enzyme catalyzing this step , ... | why does the reaction catalysed by mitochondrial succinyl coa synthetase proceed in the direction of succinate production ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | these figures are for one turn of the cycle , corresponding to one molecule of acetyl $ \text { coa } $ . each glucose produces two acetyl $ \text { coa } $ molecules , so we need to multiply these numbers by $ 2 $ if we want the per-glucose yield . two carbons—from acetyl $ \text { coa } $ —enter the citric acid cycle... | hi , i 'm wondering that the total carbon dioxide produced is 6 co2 or 4 co2 in kreb cycle and also per glucose ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | the citric acid cycle goes around twice for each molecule of glucose that enters cellular respiration because there are two pyruvates—and thus , two acetyl $ \text { coa } $ s—made per glucose . steps of the citric acid cycle you 've already gotten a preview of the molecules produced during the citric acid cycle . but ... | for kreb cycle , do we have to include the co2 and nadh molecules for the total energy harvest ? |
introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! the name we 'll primarily use here , the citric acid cycle , refers to the first molecule that forms during the cycle 's reactions—citrate , or , in its protonated form , ... | introduction how important is the citric acid cycle ? so important that it has not one , not two , but three different names in common usage today ! | how the principles of biochemistry could help in achieving the desirable effects during food manufacturing ? |
this tibetan manuscript is one of the oldest objects in the museum ’ s tibetan collection . it consists of twenty-two loose pages . the text is written in u-chen script , in pure gold ink , which has been applied on a ground of lapiz lazuli painted on indigo-dyed paper . what is written in this text ? this is the manju... | while u-chen has one basic form , there are a large variety of u-me scripts , some being very different and quite obscure . although tibetan belongs to the tibeto- burman language group , the_u-chen_ script was modeled on a ancient sanskritic alphabet known in sixth and seventh-century india . tibetans developed their ... | prior to being put into the kind of script that reads alphabetically ( as opposed to ideographically ) , was the tibetan language written in any form ? |
why pompeii ? paintings from antiquity rarely survive—paint , after all , is a much less durable medium than stone or bronze sculpture . but it is thanks to the ancient roman city of pompeii that we can trace the history of roman wall painting . the entire city was buried in volcanic ash in 79 c.e . when the volcano at... | but it is thanks to the ancient roman city of pompeii that we can trace the history of roman wall painting . the entire city was buried in volcanic ash in 79 c.e . when the volcano at mount vesuvius erupted , thus preserving the rich colors in the paintings in the houses and monuments there for thousands of years until... | vesuvius a volcano that does n't release much lava with it erupts , and , instead , sends out ash and dangerous gases ? |
why pompeii ? paintings from antiquity rarely survive—paint , after all , is a much less durable medium than stone or bronze sculpture . but it is thanks to the ancient roman city of pompeii that we can trace the history of roman wall painting . the entire city was buried in volcanic ash in 79 c.e . when the volcano at... | ling , roger . roman painting . new york : cambridge university press , 1991 . | did the artists of the late gothic or renaissance have access to any roman wall painting ? |
why pompeii ? paintings from antiquity rarely survive—paint , after all , is a much less durable medium than stone or bronze sculpture . but it is thanks to the ancient roman city of pompeii that we can trace the history of roman wall painting . the entire city was buried in volcanic ash in 79 c.e . when the volcano at... | mau , august . pompeii : its life and art . translated by francis w. kelsey . | did the renaissance artists get those ideas from any ancient art or literature describing ancient art ? |
why pompeii ? paintings from antiquity rarely survive—paint , after all , is a much less durable medium than stone or bronze sculpture . but it is thanks to the ancient roman city of pompeii that we can trace the history of roman wall painting . the entire city was buried in volcanic ash in 79 c.e . when the volcano at... | why pompeii ? paintings from antiquity rarely survive—paint , after all , is a much less durable medium than stone or bronze sculpture . but it is thanks to the ancient roman city of pompeii that we can trace the history of roman wall painting . | how did people paint the pictures ? |
why pompeii ? paintings from antiquity rarely survive—paint , after all , is a much less durable medium than stone or bronze sculpture . but it is thanks to the ancient roman city of pompeii that we can trace the history of roman wall painting . the entire city was buried in volcanic ash in 79 c.e . when the volcano at... | as mau ’ s name for the second style implies , architectural elements drive the paintings , creating fantastic images filled with columns , buildings and stoas . in one of the most famous examples of the second style , p. fannius synistor ’ s bedroom ( now reconstructed in the metropolitan museum of art ) , the artist ... | what are `` vanishing points '' ? |
why pompeii ? paintings from antiquity rarely survive—paint , after all , is a much less durable medium than stone or bronze sculpture . but it is thanks to the ancient roman city of pompeii that we can trace the history of roman wall painting . the entire city was buried in volcanic ash in 79 c.e . when the volcano at... | the four styles that mau observed in pompeii were not unique to the city and can be observed elsewhere , like rome and even in the provinces , but pompeii and the surrounding cities buried by vesuvius contain the largest continuous source of evidence for the period . the roman wall paintings in pompeii that mau categor... | can you give me a specific example of artwork from that period that is buon fresco ? |
why pompeii ? paintings from antiquity rarely survive—paint , after all , is a much less durable medium than stone or bronze sculpture . but it is thanks to the ancient roman city of pompeii that we can trace the history of roman wall painting . the entire city was buried in volcanic ash in 79 c.e . when the volcano at... | the entire city was buried in volcanic ash in 79 c.e . when the volcano at mount vesuvius erupted , thus preserving the rich colors in the paintings in the houses and monuments there for thousands of years until their rediscovery . these paintings represent an uninterrupted sequence of two centuries of evidence . | how many people were killed during the volcano ? |
why pompeii ? paintings from antiquity rarely survive—paint , after all , is a much less durable medium than stone or bronze sculpture . but it is thanks to the ancient roman city of pompeii that we can trace the history of roman wall painting . the entire city was buried in volcanic ash in 79 c.e . when the volcano at... | the four styles that mau observed in pompeii were not unique to the city and can be observed elsewhere , like rome and even in the provinces , but pompeii and the surrounding cities buried by vesuvius contain the largest continuous source of evidence for the period . the roman wall paintings in pompeii that mau categor... | would only wealthy romans have these wall paintings ? |
why pompeii ? paintings from antiquity rarely survive—paint , after all , is a much less durable medium than stone or bronze sculpture . but it is thanks to the ancient roman city of pompeii that we can trace the history of roman wall painting . the entire city was buried in volcanic ash in 79 c.e . when the volcano at... | in temples and other official buildings , the romans used costly imported marbles in a variety of colors to decorate the walls . ordinary romans could not afford such expense , so they decorated their homes with painted imitations of the luxurious yellow , purple and pink marbles . painters became so skilled at imitati... | or was it normal for all romans to have paintings inside of their homes ? |
dazzling some medieval readers preferred pretty pictures and shiny decoration in their books . not only did the sparkling page appeal to them , it also proved their economic status , or that the gift they gave was special . undecorated books were also expensive , but decorated copies cost a true fortune , especially if... | penwork in medieval times , penwork flourishing was the quickest and easiest way to add some color to the page . this style of decoration typically involves thin lines , usually in red and blue , drawn with a pen rather than a brush . the swirly lines form lively patterns with unexpected twists and turns , creating min... | why were the colors red and blue chosen for `` historiated '' letters and the like ? |
dazzling some medieval readers preferred pretty pictures and shiny decoration in their books . not only did the sparkling page appeal to them , it also proved their economic status , or that the gift they gave was special . undecorated books were also expensive , but decorated copies cost a true fortune , especially if... | this page shows that the golden shapes were not appended directly to the surface of the parchment , but that they were stretched over little `` hills '' of plaster ( note how the orange primer is shining through ) . this way the gold would catch the light from different angles , maximizing its dazzling effect . colorfu... | would n't , for example , red and green ( complementary colors ) have made the colors visually `` pop '' a little bit more ? |
dazzling some medieval readers preferred pretty pictures and shiny decoration in their books . not only did the sparkling page appeal to them , it also proved their economic status , or that the gift they gave was special . undecorated books were also expensive , but decorated copies cost a true fortune , especially if... | this page shows that the golden shapes were not appended directly to the surface of the parchment , but that they were stretched over little `` hills '' of plaster ( note how the orange primer is shining through ) . this way the gold would catch the light from different angles , maximizing its dazzling effect . colorfu... | do you thing it would be 'oh-kay ' if someone now in days drew in a book of learning ? |
dazzling some medieval readers preferred pretty pictures and shiny decoration in their books . not only did the sparkling page appeal to them , it also proved their economic status , or that the gift they gave was special . undecorated books were also expensive , but decorated copies cost a true fortune , especially if... | the penwork decoration supported an important function of this letter , navigating the reader to the beginning of a new section of text . the specific flourishing patterns can often be pinpointed to a certain city or region , which turns these happy lines into a useful tool for the book historian . essay by dr. erik kw... | was the actual drawing done by the illustrator or by the scribe of the book ? |
dazzling some medieval readers preferred pretty pictures and shiny decoration in their books . not only did the sparkling page appeal to them , it also proved their economic status , or that the gift they gave was special . undecorated books were also expensive , but decorated copies cost a true fortune , especially if... | while decorated books stand out among their other cousins , on the whole they were not very common . one-letter stories normally , letters work together to form words that present a story . from time to time , however , we encounter a letter that contains a narrative all by itself . | in other words , what was the division of labor in producing these decorative elements and how far ahead were they planning the drawings in order to create space for the drawing/illustrations ? |
key points : charles darwin was a british naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection . darwin defined evolution as `` descent with modification , '' the idea that species change over time , give rise to new species , and share a common ancestor . the mechanism that darwin proposed f... | here are explanations about some potentially confusing points , which may help you get a better sense of how , when , and why natural selection takes place . natural selection depends on the environment natural selection does n't favor traits that are somehow inherently superior . instead , it favors traits that are be... | if natural selection is favouring traits which are beneficial for the environment then could n't it be stated that as a human choosing to have less children is a trait which is favourable to pass onto your children ? |
key points : charles darwin was a british naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection . darwin defined evolution as `` descent with modification , '' the idea that species change over time , give rise to new species , and share a common ancestor . the mechanism that darwin proposed f... | key points : charles darwin was a british naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection . darwin defined evolution as `` descent with modification , '' the idea that species change over time , give rise to new species , and share a common ancestor . | is there any theory which challenges darwin 's theory on natural selection ? |
key points : charles darwin was a british naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection . darwin defined evolution as `` descent with modification , '' the idea that species change over time , give rise to new species , and share a common ancestor . the mechanism that darwin proposed f... | for instance , if the galápagos finch species shared a common ancestor , it made sense that they should broadly resemble one another ( and mainland finches , who likely shared that common ancestor ) . if groups of finches had been isolated on separate islands for many generations , however , each group would have been ... | would it be a transmission of the lifestyle of apes eating food from the ground to hunting ? |
key points : charles darwin was a british naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection . darwin defined evolution as `` descent with modification , '' the idea that species change over time , give rise to new species , and share a common ancestor . the mechanism that darwin proposed f... | here are explanations about some potentially confusing points , which may help you get a better sense of how , when , and why natural selection takes place . natural selection depends on the environment natural selection does n't favor traits that are somehow inherently superior . instead , it favors traits that are be... | the sub-heading natural selection and the evolution of species , in great detail , how is it that when genes are passed on to each other , for instance the mice , how would its surroundings determine its physical , natural color ? |
key points : charles darwin was a british naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection . darwin defined evolution as `` descent with modification , '' the idea that species change over time , give rise to new species , and share a common ancestor . the mechanism that darwin proposed f... | key points : charles darwin was a british naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection . darwin defined evolution as `` descent with modification , '' the idea that species change over time , give rise to new species , and share a common ancestor . | is there any examples of famous experiments used to test this theory ? |
key points : charles darwin was a british naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection . darwin defined evolution as `` descent with modification , '' the idea that species change over time , give rise to new species , and share a common ancestor . the mechanism that darwin proposed f... | this mechanism was elegant and logical , and it explained how populations could evolve ( undergo descent with modification ) in such a way that they became better suited to their environments over time . darwin 's concept of natural selection was based on several key observations : traits are often heritable . in livin... | what are the three observations that darwin 's concept of natural selection was based on ? |
key points : charles darwin was a british naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection . darwin defined evolution as `` descent with modification , '' the idea that species change over time , give rise to new species , and share a common ancestor . the mechanism that darwin proposed f... | key points : charles darwin was a british naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection . darwin defined evolution as `` descent with modification , '' the idea that species change over time , give rise to new species , and share a common ancestor . the mechanism that darwin proposed f... | there seems to be many definitions of the word `` evolution '' do we take darwin 's explanation of 'descent with modification ' or is the definition a change in gene distribution over time ? |
key points : charles darwin was a british naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection . darwin defined evolution as `` descent with modification , '' the idea that species change over time , give rise to new species , and share a common ancestor . the mechanism that darwin proposed f... | natural selection depends on the environment natural selection does n't favor traits that are somehow inherently superior . instead , it favors traits that are beneficial ( that is , help an organism survive and reproduce more effectively than its peers ) in a specific environment . traits that are helpful in one envir... | how did humans reproduce so quickly ? |
key points : charles darwin was a british naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection . darwin defined evolution as `` descent with modification , '' the idea that species change over time , give rise to new species , and share a common ancestor . the mechanism that darwin proposed f... | here are explanations about some potentially confusing points , which may help you get a better sense of how , when , and why natural selection takes place . natural selection depends on the environment natural selection does n't favor traits that are somehow inherently superior . instead , it favors traits that are be... | yes , natural selection , except how were our ancestors able to mate a lot ? |
key points : charles darwin was a british naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection . darwin defined evolution as `` descent with modification , '' the idea that species change over time , give rise to new species , and share a common ancestor . the mechanism that darwin proposed f... | darwin 's model of evolution by natural selection allowed him to explain the patterns he had seen during his travels . for instance , if the galápagos finch species shared a common ancestor , it made sense that they should broadly resemble one another ( and mainland finches , who likely shared that common ancestor ) . ... | but how did the ancestor 's legs become flippers ? |
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