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background second partial derivative test quadratic approximations in the last article , i gave the statement of the second partial derivative test , but i only gave a loose intuition for why it 's true . this article is for those who want to dig a bit more into the math , but it is not strictly necessary if you just w... | if $ \bluee { f_ { xx } ( x_0 , y_0 ) } & lt ; 0 $ , $ f $ has a local maximum . if $ \bluee { f_ { xx } ( x_0 , y_0 ) } \rede { f_ { yy } ( x_0 , y_0 ) } - ( \greene { f_ { xy } ( x_0 , y_0 ) } ) ^2 = 0 $ , the second derivatives alone can not tell us whether $ f $ has a local minimum or maximum . our current tools ar... | why is that when fxx*fyy - fxy^2 = 0 then the second derivatives alone can not tell us whether f has a local minimum or maximum ? |
background second partial derivative test quadratic approximations in the last article , i gave the statement of the second partial derivative test , but i only gave a loose intuition for why it 's true . this article is for those who want to dig a bit more into the math , but it is not strictly necessary if you just w... | in fact , it is a global minimum , but we only care about the fact that it is a local minimum . when the quadratic approximation of a function has a local minimum at the point of approximation , the function itself must also have a local minimum there . i 'll say more on this in the last section , but for now the intui... | 2 ) does a scalar- or vector-valued function f defined on r^k having a local extremum at a point p in r^k always ( or at least sometimes ) imply that its quadratic approximation has a local minimum there ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | in hot conditions , the benefits of reduced photorespiration likely exceed the atp cost of moving $ \text { co } _2 $ from the mesophyll cell to the bundle-sheath cell . cam plants some plants that are adapted to dry environments , such as cacti and pineapples , use the crassulacean acid metabolism ( cam ) pathway to m... | what are the average acidity levels on the ph scale of c3 , c4 , and cam ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | $ \text c_4 $ plants in $ \text c_4 $ plants , the light-dependent reactions and the calvin cycle are physically separated , with the light-dependent reactions occurring in the mesophyll cells ( spongy tissue in the middle of the leaf ) and the calvin cycle occurring in special cells around the leaf veins . these cells... | does the calvin cycle in c4 photosynthesis occur in the cytoplasm of the bundle sheath cells ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | both the $ \text { c } _4 $ and cam pathways have evolved independently over two dozen times , which suggests they may give plant species in hot climates a significant evolutionary advantage $ ^5 $ . type|separation of initial $ \text { co } _2 $ fixation and calvin cycle|stomata open|best adapted to -|-|-|- $ \text c_... | based on the data depicted on the chart , do hot , sunny environments have more oxygen than cool , wet environments ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | c3 have more water of c4 plants ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | this wasteful metabolic pathway begins when rubisco , the carbon-fixing enzyme of the calvin cycle , grabs $ \text o_2 $ rather than $ \text { co } _2 $ . it uses up fixed carbon , wastes energy , and tends to happens when plants close their stomata ( leaf pores ) to reduce water loss . high temperatures make it even w... | and c3 uses water more efficiently or c4 plants ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . | hey in c4 plants , malate goes to b.s and dismantled to co2 and pyrovate this process produce also nadph so when calvin cycle occurs then there is nadph in b.s to be used for the calvin cycle to reduced pga -- > gap right ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | the $ \text { co } _2 $ is then fixed by rubisco and made into sugars via the calvin cycle , exactly as in $ \text c_3 $ photosynthesis . this process is n't without its energetic price : atp must be expended to return the three-carbon “ ferry ” molecule from the bundle sheath cell and get it ready to pick up another m... | because from what i learned the pga molecule cant be reduced in b.s due to shortage of napdh so what happens is the pga goes to the meshophyl 2 and returns back to the b.s as gap molecule , which one is the right one ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | at night , cam plants open their stomata , allowing $ \text { co } _2 $ to diffuse into the leaves . this $ \text { co } _2 $ is fixed into oxaloacetate by pep carboxylase ( the same step used by $ \text c_4 $ plants ) , then converted to malate or another type of organic acid $ ^3 $ . the organic acid is stored inside... | where else can we find substances like malate and pyruvate acid ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | the organic acid is stored inside vacuoles until the next day . in the daylight , the cam plants do not open their stomata , but they can still photosynthesis . that 's because the organic acids are transported out of the vacuole and broken down to release $ \text { co } _2 $ , which enters the calvin cycle . | so is it possible for photo-respiration to still happen in c4 and cam plans ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | the cam pathway requires atp at multiple steps ( not shown above ) , so like $ \text { c } _4 $ photosynthesis , it is not an energetic `` freebie . '' $ ^3 $ however , plant species that use cam photosynthesis not only avoid photorespiration , but are also very water-efficient . their stomata only open at night , when... | what is a relationship c3 c4 cam plant with rhizosphere bacteria ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . | in cam cycle , does n't the oxygen produced in light dependent reaction cause photorespiration ( the stomata is closed ) ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | in hot conditions , the benefits of reduced photorespiration likely exceed the atp cost of moving $ \text { co } _2 $ from the mesophyll cell to the bundle-sheath cell . cam plants some plants that are adapted to dry environments , such as cacti and pineapples , use the crassulacean acid metabolism ( cam ) pathway to m... | how are ; cam plants , c3 plants , and c4 plants adapted to photosynthesis ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | are c3 plants just plants which undergo the regular calvin cycle process ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | the cam pathway requires atp at multiple steps ( not shown above ) , so like $ \text { c } _4 $ photosynthesis , it is not an energetic `` freebie . '' $ ^3 $ however , plant species that use cam photosynthesis not only avoid photorespiration , but are also very water-efficient . their stomata only open at night , when... | or do c3 plants plant that can also use oxygen in the calvin cycle ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | i know that c4 plants have a better ability to save water than c3 plants , but why ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | in hot conditions , the benefits of reduced photorespiration likely exceed the atp cost of moving $ \text { co } _2 $ from the mesophyll cell to the bundle-sheath cell . cam plants some plants that are adapted to dry environments , such as cacti and pineapples , use the crassulacean acid metabolism ( cam ) pathway to m... | what are the products and reactants of c3 plants , c4 plants , and cam plants ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | cam plants some plants that are adapted to dry environments , such as cacti and pineapples , use the crassulacean acid metabolism ( cam ) pathway to minimize photorespiration . this name comes from the family of plants , the crassulaceae , in which scientists first discovered the pathway . instead of separating the lig... | how did scientists actually discover the specifics of these cycles ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | instead of separating the light-dependent reactions and the use of $ \text { co } _2 $ in the calvin cycle in space , cam plants separate these processes in time . at night , cam plants open their stomata , allowing $ \text { co } _2 $ to diffuse into the leaves . this $ \text { co } _2 $ is fixed into oxaloacetate by ... | why do stomata of c4 plants open at day ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | the cam pathway requires atp at multiple steps ( not shown above ) , so like $ \text { c } _4 $ photosynthesis , it is not an energetic `` freebie . '' $ ^3 $ however , plant species that use cam photosynthesis not only avoid photorespiration , but are also very water-efficient . their stomata only open at night , when... | how would you be able to see the difference in plant type ( c3 , c4 , and cam ) under a microscope ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | at night , cam plants open their stomata , allowing $ \text { co } _2 $ to diffuse into the leaves . this $ \text { co } _2 $ is fixed into oxaloacetate by pep carboxylase ( the same step used by $ \text c_4 $ plants ) , then converted to malate or another type of organic acid $ ^3 $ . the organic acid is stored inside... | what kind of tests have to be done to know which type they are ? |
key points : photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide . the majority of plants are $ \text c_3 $ plants , which have no special features to combat photorespiration . $ \text c_4 $ plants minimize photorespiration by separating init... | their stomata only open at night , when humidity tends to be higher and temperatures are cooler , both factors that reduce water loss from leaves . cam plants are typically dominant in very hot , dry areas , like deserts . comparisons of $ \text c_3 $ , $ \text c_4 $ , and cam plants $ \text c_3 $ , $ \text c_4 $ and c... | how do cam plants manage to reduce excessive water loss and still maintain photosynthetic activity in hot and dry environments ? |
you don ’ t need to be an aeronautical engineer to know that a plane ’ s ability to fly depends on more than just the parts that it ’ s built from . a powerful engine , well-designed wings , and an aerodynamic body are all necessary for flight—but they aren ’ t sufficient . the right structure is needed , too . a plane... | the relationship between the structure of a machine ’ s parts in relation to one another and the proper functioning of the machine itself , applies not just to the machines that you use on a daily basis , but also to the ones at work inside our bodies . these molecular machines , called globular proteins , depend on fi... | what is the difference between globular protiens and fibrous proteins ? |
you don ’ t need to be an aeronautical engineer to know that a plane ’ s ability to fly depends on more than just the parts that it ’ s built from . a powerful engine , well-designed wings , and an aerodynamic body are all necessary for flight—but they aren ’ t sufficient . the right structure is needed , too . a plane... | in other words , we don ’ t yet know , in general , how to cure one disease without potentially causing another . recent developments have shown promise in controlling the unintended consequences of gene therapy , and potential cures for genetic diseases and certain types of cancer via gene therapeutic routes are in cl... | could you please expound on the `` recent developments '' in controlling unintended consequences of gene therapy ? |
you don ’ t need to be an aeronautical engineer to know that a plane ’ s ability to fly depends on more than just the parts that it ’ s built from . a powerful engine , well-designed wings , and an aerodynamic body are all necessary for flight—but they aren ’ t sufficient . the right structure is needed , too . a plane... | somewhat surprisingly , the obvious problem with this approach—how can you tell a cell how to start using the right amino acids to build a protein ? —has largely been solved , at least in theory . gene editing techniques such as crispr-cas9 allow scientists to cut and paste dna sequences into the genome of living organ... | would n't another problem for gene editing be that it would be nearly impossible to get the crispr-cas9 into every cell that uses that protein ? |
you don ’ t need to be an aeronautical engineer to know that a plane ’ s ability to fly depends on more than just the parts that it ’ s built from . a powerful engine , well-designed wings , and an aerodynamic body are all necessary for flight—but they aren ’ t sufficient . the right structure is needed , too . a plane... | so true , in fact , that you can think of many diseases as errors of protein structure : something happens in the body that causes a protein to lose an aspect of its native conformation , and this loss of structure causes a loss of function . the most well known example of this happens in sickle cell anemia . the hemog... | i mean if they missed one cell , would n't that cell divide and leave you with a mosaic of treated and non-treated cells ? |
you don ’ t need to be an aeronautical engineer to know that a plane ’ s ability to fly depends on more than just the parts that it ’ s built from . a powerful engine , well-designed wings , and an aerodynamic body are all necessary for flight—but they aren ’ t sufficient . the right structure is needed , too . a plane... | many diseases are caused by errors in protein structure when it comes to people-sized machines , we know that changing the structure of the machine can alter its function . a plane can ’ t fly unless all its parts are put together in the right way . the same is true for proteins . | is there a way to print the written material ? |
you don ’ t need to be an aeronautical engineer to know that a plane ’ s ability to fly depends on more than just the parts that it ’ s built from . a powerful engine , well-designed wings , and an aerodynamic body are all necessary for flight—but they aren ’ t sufficient . the right structure is needed , too . a plane... | you don ’ t need to be an aeronautical engineer to know that a plane ’ s ability to fly depends on more than just the parts that it ’ s built from . a powerful engine , well-designed wings , and an aerodynamic body are all necessary for flight—but they aren ’ t sufficient . | what are some hands-on activities that can be done to illustrate the concepts in the essay ? |
you don ’ t need to be an aeronautical engineer to know that a plane ’ s ability to fly depends on more than just the parts that it ’ s built from . a powerful engine , well-designed wings , and an aerodynamic body are all necessary for flight—but they aren ’ t sufficient . the right structure is needed , too . a plane... | in other words , the primary structure of a protein is fixed as soon as the amino acids are linked together . primary structure is the two-dimensional component of the eventual three-dimensional shape . the secondary structure of a native conformation refers to the three dimensional organization of the main chain atoms... | how do you use your own shape and movements to accomplish tasks ? |
a quick study jean-auguste-dominique ingres was an artist of immense importance during the first half of the nineteenth century . his father , jean-marie-joseph ingres was a decorative artist of only minor influence who instructed his young son in the basics of drawing by allowing him to copy the family ’ s extensive p... | david remained a committed neoclassicist , while his former student retained his neoclassical line to embrace , in this case , a geographically distant and romantic subject . this tension between neoclassicism and romanticism will continue throughout the first half of the nineteenth century as painters will tend to sid... | so what is exactly the main tension between neoclassicism and romanticism , as the author says in the end ? |
the mean value theorem ( mvt ) is an existence theorem similar the intermediate and extreme value theorems ( ivt and evt ) . our goal is to understand the mean value theorem and know how to apply it . mvt and its conditions the mean value theorem guarantees , for a function $ f $ that 's differentiable over an interval... | notice how all of the possible tangent lines on the interval are necessarily increasing , while the secant line is decreasing . so there is n't any tangent line that 's parallel to the secant line . in general , if a function is n't continuous at the edges , the secant line will be disconnected from the tangent lines a... | i did not quite understand in the assumption that is considered , on why is it , that the secant line does n't join to a point in the curve considered ? |
the mean value theorem ( mvt ) is an existence theorem similar the intermediate and extreme value theorems ( ivt and evt ) . our goal is to understand the mean value theorem and know how to apply it . mvt and its conditions the mean value theorem guarantees , for a function $ f $ that 's differentiable over an interval... | to understand this , consider function $ g $ . as long as $ g $ is differentiable over $ ( a , b ) $ and continuous at $ x=a $ and $ x=b $ , mvt applies . now let 's change $ g $ so it 's not continuous at $ x=b $ . | specifically why not just say that f ( x ) is differentiable over [ a , b ] ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | maintaining homeostasis at each level is key to maintaining the body 's overall function . so , how is homeostasis maintained ? let 's answer this question by looking at some examples . | if we have any anxiety or depression , what will be the condition in homeostasis process ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | if these values get too high or low , you can end up getting very sick . homeostasis is maintained at many levels , not just the level of the whole body as it is for temperature . for instance , the stomach maintains a ph that 's different from that of surrounding organs , and each individual cell maintains ion concent... | if a person has hypothyroidism then how his body temperature is maintained ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | for instance , body temperature varies over a 24-hour period , from highest in the late afternoon to lowest in the early morning. $ ^2 $ fever also involves a temporary increase in the temperature set point so that heat-generating responses are activated at temperatures higher than the normal set point. $ ^3 $ disrupti... | is both negative and positive feedback a form of homeostasis ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | in fact , if your core body temperature does n't stay within relatively narrow limits—from about $ 95\ , ^\circ\text f $ / $ 35\ , ^\circ\text c $ to $ 107\ , ^\circ\text f $ / $ 41.7\ , ^\circ\text c $ —the results can be dangerous or even deadly. $ ^1 $ the tendency to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal... | where does homeostasis occur in the plant body ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | maintaining homeostasis at each level is key to maintaining the body 's overall function . so , how is homeostasis maintained ? let 's answer this question by looking at some examples . | how has homeostasis has been compromised ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | maintaining homeostasis at each level is key to maintaining the body 's overall function . so , how is homeostasis maintained ? let 's answer this question by looking at some examples . | what specific tissues play a role in homeostasis ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | how does this work ? first , high temperature will be detected by sensors—primarily nerve cells with endings in your skin and brain—and relayed to a temperature-regulatory control center in your brain . the control center will process the information and activate effectors—such as the sweat glands—whose job is to oppos... | what is the control center in temperature homeostasis hot ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | you may also get goose bumps—so that the hair on your body stands on end and traps a layer of air near your skin—and increase the release of hormones that act to increase heat production . notably , the set point is not always rigidly fixed and may be a moving target . for instance , body temperature varies over a 24-h... | what would be a consequence of moving outside the blood glucose set point for an extended period of time ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | insulin also causes glucose to be converted into glycogen—a storage molecule—in the liver . both processes pull sugar out of the blood , bringing blood sugar levels down , reducing insulin secretion , and returning the whole system to homeostasis . glucagon does the opposite : it increases the concentration of glucose ... | how does blood clot relate to homeostasis ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | one is activated when the parameter is below the set point and is designed to bring it back up . to make this idea more concrete , let 's take a closer look at the opposing feedback loops that control body temperature . homeostatic responses in temperature regulation if you get either too hot or too cold , sensors in t... | is the entire body under homeostatic control ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | positive feedback loops are usually found in processes that need to be pushed to completion , not when the status quo needs to be maintained . a positive feedback loop comes into play during childbirth . in childbirth , the baby 's head presses on the cervix—the bottom of the uterus , through which the baby must emerge... | what are more examples of a positive feedback loop ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | maintaining homeostasis at each level is key to maintaining the body 's overall function . so , how is homeostasis maintained ? let 's answer this question by looking at some examples . | what is homeostasis and how does it differ from steady state ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . | homeostatis does not mean to keep a fixed internal environment .why ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | for instance , body temperature varies over a 24-hour period , from highest in the late afternoon to lowest in the early morning. $ ^2 $ fever also involves a temporary increase in the temperature set point so that heat-generating responses are activated at temperatures higher than the normal set point. $ ^3 $ disrupti... | is phosphofructokinase related to homeostasis using negative feedback mechanism as well ? |
key points homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable , relatively constant internal environment . homeostasis typically involves negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values , known as set points . in contrast to negative feedback loops ... | for instance , the stomach maintains a ph that 's different from that of surrounding organs , and each individual cell maintains ion concentrations different from those of the surrounding fluid . maintaining homeostasis at each level is key to maintaining the body 's overall function . so , how is homeostasis maintaine... | which three regions of the brain are responsible for maintaining homesostasis ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | this sense of spontaneity , of accuracy , and of the ephemeral corresponded to the racing tempo of modern culture ( think of factories , cars , trains , and the rapid pace of people in growing urban centers ) . umbo ’ s photomontage the roving reporter shows how modern technologies transform our perception of the world... | how would the world we live in today be different ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . | when there 's no noted author for an article , does this mean it 's written by stephen zucker ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | in the later nineteenth century , photography spread in its popularity , and inventions like the kodak # 1 camera ( 1888 ) made it accessible to the upper-middle class consumer ; the kodak brownie camera , which cost far less , reached the middle class by 1900 . in the sciences ( and pseudo-sciences ) , photographs gai... | in the third paragraph , the article says : `` in the sciences ( and pseudo-sciences ) ... '' by pseudo-sciences , is the author of the article referring to charlatans tossing plates in the air and photographing them to supposedly be ufos of extraterrestrial aliens , or doctoring photographs with photographic technique... |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | sander transforms the practice of portraiture with these sensational , arresting images . these figures reveal as much about the german professions as they do about self-image . cartier-bresson ’ s leaping figure in behind the gare st. lazare reflects the potential for photography to capture individual moments in time—... | how do we remain focused on limiting the parameters of a search when we have so much information ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | because of these questions , amateur photographers formed casual groups and official societies to challenge such conceptions of the medium . they—along with elite art world figures like alfred stieglitz—promoted the late nineteenth-century style of “ art photography , ” and produced low-contrast , warm-toned images lik... | just as kodak changed the availability of cameras which changed the medium of photography , how has the increased availability of camera phones and 'selfies ' changed the art of photography ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | because of these questions , amateur photographers formed casual groups and official societies to challenge such conceptions of the medium . they—along with elite art world figures like alfred stieglitz—promoted the late nineteenth-century style of “ art photography , ” and produced low-contrast , warm-toned images lik... | this question might take some philosophy to answer : what defines art ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | in the arts , the medium was valued for its replication of exact details , and for its reproduction of artworks for publication . but photographers struggled for artistic recognition throughout the century . it was not until in paris ’ s universal exposition of 1859 , twenty years after the invention of the medium , th... | i wonder how some of the photographers found the inspiration for their photos ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | photography , then , seemed to offer more than a new method of image-making—it offered the chance to change paradigms of vision and representation . with august sander ’ s portraits such as disabled man , pastry chef , or secretary at a radio station , cologne , we see an artist attempting to document—systematically—mo... | for example , what gave august sander the idea to take a photo of regular people of regular everyday people ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | photography , then , seemed to offer more than a new method of image-making—it offered the chance to change paradigms of vision and representation . with august sander ’ s portraits such as disabled man , pastry chef , or secretary at a radio station , cologne , we see an artist attempting to document—systematically—mo... | what does art mean to different types of artist and people with different abilities ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | because of these questions , amateur photographers formed casual groups and official societies to challenge such conceptions of the medium . they—along with elite art world figures like alfred stieglitz—promoted the late nineteenth-century style of “ art photography , ” and produced low-contrast , warm-toned images lik... | do any of you actually think minimalist art should be held up with the same praise of the more technical artists ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . | ( in the seventh paragraph ) what is the difference between a futurist and a dadaist ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | after all , photographs are mechanically reproduced images : kodak ’ s marketing strategy ( “ you press the button , we do the rest , ” ) points directly to the “ effortlessness ” of the medium . since art was deemed the product of imagination , skill , and craft , how could a photograph ( made with an instrument and l... | and yet we have just looked at malevich 's white on white ; could it be considered the product of imagination , skill , and craft ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | so what transforms the perception of photography in the early twentieth century ? social and cultural change—on a massive , unprecedented scale.like everyone else , artists were radically affected by industrialization , political revolution , trench warfare , airplanes , talking motion pictures , radios , automobiles ,... | has modern society abandoned the idea that art is about skill and craftsmanship and replaced it with political ideology and the shock of the new ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | because of these questions , amateur photographers formed casual groups and official societies to challenge such conceptions of the medium . they—along with elite art world figures like alfred stieglitz—promoted the late nineteenth-century style of “ art photography , ” and produced low-contrast , warm-toned images lik... | the whole article talks about how photography enhanced the world and how people viewed the world , but were there any downfalls of photography ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | because of these questions , amateur photographers formed casual groups and official societies to challenge such conceptions of the medium . they—along with elite art world figures like alfred stieglitz—promoted the late nineteenth-century style of “ art photography , ” and produced low-contrast , warm-toned images lik... | in today 's world , what is the most common and influential place of photography in the arts field ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | in the arts , the medium was valued for its replication of exact details , and for its reproduction of artworks for publication . but photographers struggled for artistic recognition throughout the century . it was not until in paris ’ s universal exposition of 1859 , twenty years after the invention of the medium , th... | how photography serves or contributes to the culture and arts throughout the globe ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | the camera ’ s technology of mechanical reproduction made it the fastest , most modern , and arguably , the most relevant form of visual representation in the post-wwi era . photography , then , seemed to offer more than a new method of image-making—it offered the chance to change paradigms of vision and representation... | photography always seemed to be useful and still is but even then was it still used in ways that could ruin lives ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | after all , photographs are mechanically reproduced images : kodak ’ s marketing strategy ( “ you press the button , we do the rest , ” ) points directly to the “ effortlessness ” of the medium . since art was deemed the product of imagination , skill , and craft , how could a photograph ( made with an instrument and l... | also what made man want to capture something in that way when there was painting and sculpting , etc ? |
photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . in order to understand this change in perception and use—why photography appealed to ... | photography undergoes extraordinary changes in the early part of the twentieth century . this can be said of every other type of visual representation , however , but unique to photography is the transformed perception of the medium . | how did photography develop so rapidly to where it is today ? |
what are sexually transmitted infections ? it ’ s probably not the first thing that comes to mind , but if you are not careful , chances are you will be exposed to any one of more than 30 bacteria , viruses or parasites that can take advantage of you when you have sex . as the name suggests , a sexually transmitted inf... | how you can prevent an sti ? use a condom - unless you ’ re sure that you and your partner only have sex with each other and you have both tested negative for stis , you are at risk of getting an sti if you don ’ t use a condom . male and female condoms are very effective at preventing you from getting an sti . | are u still safe with out a condom too ? |
what are sexually transmitted infections ? it ’ s probably not the first thing that comes to mind , but if you are not careful , chances are you will be exposed to any one of more than 30 bacteria , viruses or parasites that can take advantage of you when you have sex . as the name suggests , a sexually transmitted inf... | once inside , the microbes multiply inside your body and get into your body fluids including your blood , semen , and vaginal fluids . during sex , these fluids often mix together and get spread in and around your genitals , anus , or mouth . this means the microbes are perfectly positioned to cross the mucous membrane... | what diseases can you get from open-mouth kissing ? |
hanging scrolls hanging scrolls are typically used for vertical compositions . they are hung for display using a cord , which is attached to a thin wooden strip along the top of the silk mounting . there is a wooden rod at the bottom which provides the necessary weight for the painting to hang smoothly . it is also use... | hanging scrolls hanging scrolls are typically used for vertical compositions . they are hung for display using a cord , which is attached to a thin wooden strip along the top of the silk mounting . | since the scrolls tended to deteriorate with prolonged exposure , what were they stored in ? |
key points according to the biological species concept , organisms belong to the same species if they can interbreed to produce viable , fertile offspring . species are separated from one another by prezygotic and postzygotic barriers , which prevent mating or the production of viable , fertile offspring . speciation i... | key points according to the biological species concept , organisms belong to the same species if they can interbreed to produce viable , fertile offspring . species are separated from one another by prezygotic and postzygotic barriers , which prevent mating or the production of viable , fertile offspring . speciation i... | ( see http : //www.wired.co.uk/article/dna-analysis-humans-neanderthals-breeding ) so , if organisms which can interbreed to produce viable , fertile offspring means that they belong to the same species , does this mean we ( modern day human , homo sapiens ) is the same specie as the extinct neanderthals ? |
key points according to the biological species concept , organisms belong to the same species if they can interbreed to produce viable , fertile offspring . species are separated from one another by prezygotic and postzygotic barriers , which prevent mating or the production of viable , fertile offspring . speciation i... | although a mule , pictured below , is perfectly healthy and can live to a ripe old age , it is infertile and can not have its own offspring . because of this , we consider horses and donkeys separate species . the biological species concept connects the idea of a species to the process of evolution . | now should we consider the two groups separate species or not ? |
key points according to the biological species concept , organisms belong to the same species if they can interbreed to produce viable , fertile offspring . species are separated from one another by prezygotic and postzygotic barriers , which prevent mating or the production of viable , fertile offspring . speciation i... | for instance , human embryos that are triploid or tetraploid are non-viable—they can not survive . sympatric speciation without polyploidy can sympatric speciation , speciation without geographical separation , occur by mechanisms other than polyploidy ? there ’ s some debate about how important or common a mechanism i... | why have n't dogs undergone speciation yet ? |
key points according to the biological species concept , organisms belong to the same species if they can interbreed to produce viable , fertile offspring . species are separated from one another by prezygotic and postzygotic barriers , which prevent mating or the production of viable , fertile offspring . speciation i... | other species concepts exist and may be more useful for certain types of organisms . species are kept distinct from one another by prezygotic and postzygotic barriers . these barriers keep organisms of different species from mating to produce fertile offspring , acting before and after the formation of a zygote , respe... | what major changes must one breed undergo in order that they become incompatible to mate to another bread ? |
background contour maps gradient local maxima and minima what we 're building to : the lagrange multiplier technique lets you find the maximum or minimum of a multivariable function $ \bluee { f ( x , y , \dots ) } $ when there is some constraint on the input values you are allowed to use . this technique only applies ... | this is unique to our example since $ \bluee { f } $ is linear . for example , take a look at this function : $ \bluee { f ( x , y ) = 2x^2 + \sqrt { 5y } } $ , its contour lines look like this : that said , the key observation still holds , and is worth repeating : when $ k $ is a maximum or minimum of $ f $ subject t... | why is that the maximum or minimum value for f lies at the point where the contour lines of f and g are tangent ? |
background contour maps gradient local maxima and minima what we 're building to : the lagrange multiplier technique lets you find the maximum or minimum of a multivariable function $ \bluee { f ( x , y , \dots ) } $ when there is some constraint on the input values you are allowed to use . this technique only applies ... | but for our purposes here , the property we care about is that the gradient of $ f $ evaluated at a point $ ( x_0 , y_0 ) $ always gives a vector perpendicular to the contour line passing through that point . this means when the contour lines of two functions $ \bluee { f } $ and $ \rede { g } $ are tangent , their gra... | question ... how does a parallel gradient tell us that the 2 contour lines are tangent to each other ? |
background contour maps gradient local maxima and minima what we 're building to : the lagrange multiplier technique lets you find the maximum or minimum of a multivariable function $ \bluee { f ( x , y , \dots ) } $ when there is some constraint on the input values you are allowed to use . this technique only applies ... | $ \begin { align } \quad \nabla f ( x , y ) = \lambda \nabla g ( x , y ) \end { align } $ therefore , the three conditions we need to solve to find $ x , y $ and $ \lambda $ come down to the various partial derivatives of $ \mathcal { l } $ being equal to $ 0 $ . this can be written extremely compactly by setting the g... | parallel gradients should be possible even if the 2 functions do n't touch right ? |
background contour maps gradient local maxima and minima what we 're building to : the lagrange multiplier technique lets you find the maximum or minimum of a multivariable function $ \bluee { f ( x , y , \dots ) } $ when there is some constraint on the input values you are allowed to use . this technique only applies ... | this is unique to our example since $ \bluee { f } $ is linear . for example , take a look at this function : $ \bluee { f ( x , y ) = 2x^2 + \sqrt { 5y } } $ , its contour lines look like this : that said , the key observation still holds , and is worth repeating : when $ k $ is a maximum or minimum of $ f $ subject t... | in `` using contour maps '' , what exactly is drawn for the contour of 2x^2 + sqrt ( 5y ) , say for k = -2 ? |
background contour maps gradient local maxima and minima what we 're building to : the lagrange multiplier technique lets you find the maximum or minimum of a multivariable function $ \bluee { f ( x , y , \dots ) } $ when there is some constraint on the input values you are allowed to use . this technique only applies ... | more general form in general , constrained optimization problems involve maximizing/minimizing a multivariable function whose input has any number of dimensions : $ \bluee { f ( x , y , z , \dots ) } $ its output will always be one-dimensional , though , since there 's not a clear notion of `` maximum '' with vector-va... | what is the geometrical interpretation for lagrange multipliers involving two constraints ? |
background contour maps gradient local maxima and minima what we 're building to : the lagrange multiplier technique lets you find the maximum or minimum of a multivariable function $ \bluee { f ( x , y , \dots ) } $ when there is some constraint on the input values you are allowed to use . this technique only applies ... | background contour maps gradient local maxima and minima what we 're building to : the lagrange multiplier technique lets you find the maximum or minimum of a multivariable function $ \bluee { f ( x , y , \dots ) } $ when there is some constraint on the input values you are allowed to use . this technique only applies ... | and when we have inequality constrains ? |
background contour maps gradient local maxima and minima what we 're building to : the lagrange multiplier technique lets you find the maximum or minimum of a multivariable function $ \bluee { f ( x , y , \dots ) } $ when there is some constraint on the input values you are allowed to use . this technique only applies ... | the gradient of $ f $ is and the gradient of $ g $ is therefore , the tangency condition ends up looking like this : solving the problem in the specific case to sum up where we are so far , we are looking for input points $ ( x_0 , y_0 ) $ with the following properties : $ g ( x_0 , y_0 ) = 1 $ , which for our example ... | how we can formulate the lagrangian equation ? |
the hindu preserver vishnu is one of the most popular gods of the hindu pantheon . his portrayal here is standard : a royal figure standing tall , crowned and bejeweled , in keeping with his role as king and preserver of order within the universe . he carries a gada ( mace ) and chakra ( disc ) in his hands . the other... | the only one of renown is at pushkar , in rajasthan . brahma can be recognized by his four heads , only three of which are visible in this sculpture . in two of his four hands he holds a water pot and a rosary . | where do the other gods fall under these three ? |
the hindu preserver vishnu is one of the most popular gods of the hindu pantheon . his portrayal here is standard : a royal figure standing tall , crowned and bejeweled , in keeping with his role as king and preserver of order within the universe . he carries a gada ( mace ) and chakra ( disc ) in his hands . the other... | in two of his four hands he holds a water pot and a rosary . brahma originally had five heads but shiva , in a fit of rage , cut one off . shiva as bhairava is depicted as a wandering ascetic with brahma 's fifth head stuck to his hand as a reminder of his crime . | what do the 5 heads of brahma represent ? |
the hindu preserver vishnu is one of the most popular gods of the hindu pantheon . his portrayal here is standard : a royal figure standing tall , crowned and bejeweled , in keeping with his role as king and preserver of order within the universe . he carries a gada ( mace ) and chakra ( disc ) in his hands . the other... | the hindu preserver vishnu is one of the most popular gods of the hindu pantheon . his portrayal here is standard : a royal figure standing tall , crowned and bejeweled , in keeping with his role as king and preserver of order within the universe . | what if medusa had children ? |
the hindu preserver vishnu is one of the most popular gods of the hindu pantheon . his portrayal here is standard : a royal figure standing tall , crowned and bejeweled , in keeping with his role as king and preserver of order within the universe . he carries a gada ( mace ) and chakra ( disc ) in his hands . the other... | the hindu preserver vishnu is one of the most popular gods of the hindu pantheon . his portrayal here is standard : a royal figure standing tall , crowned and bejeweled , in keeping with his role as king and preserver of order within the universe . | so , does medusa have children or not ? |
the hindu preserver vishnu is one of the most popular gods of the hindu pantheon . his portrayal here is standard : a royal figure standing tall , crowned and bejeweled , in keeping with his role as king and preserver of order within the universe . he carries a gada ( mace ) and chakra ( disc ) in his hands . the other... | the hindu preserver vishnu is one of the most popular gods of the hindu pantheon . his portrayal here is standard : a royal figure standing tall , crowned and bejeweled , in keeping with his role as king and preserver of order within the universe . | where did the gods originate ? |
the hindu preserver vishnu is one of the most popular gods of the hindu pantheon . his portrayal here is standard : a royal figure standing tall , crowned and bejeweled , in keeping with his role as king and preserver of order within the universe . he carries a gada ( mace ) and chakra ( disc ) in his hands . the other... | the heart-shaped face with stylized arched eyebrows , long eyes that are slightly upturned at the ends , the broad nose , and the pursed smile are all characteristic . a temple image of the divine couple : shiva and parvati shiva is a powerful hindu deity . he has a female consort , like most of the gods , one of whose... | what are the white lines surrounding the first deity statue ? |
the hindu preserver vishnu is one of the most popular gods of the hindu pantheon . his portrayal here is standard : a royal figure standing tall , crowned and bejeweled , in keeping with his role as king and preserver of order within the universe . he carries a gada ( mace ) and chakra ( disc ) in his hands . the other... | in this example two separate bronze images have been designed as a group . both shiva and parvati wear elaborate jewelry . shiva is the more powerful deity and so he is depicted with four arms and is the taller figure . | what is parvati goddess of ? |
the hindu preserver vishnu is one of the most popular gods of the hindu pantheon . his portrayal here is standard : a royal figure standing tall , crowned and bejeweled , in keeping with his role as king and preserver of order within the universe . he carries a gada ( mace ) and chakra ( disc ) in his hands . the other... | the heart-shaped face with stylized arched eyebrows , long eyes that are slightly upturned at the ends , the broad nose , and the pursed smile are all characteristic . a temple image of the divine couple : shiva and parvati shiva is a powerful hindu deity . he has a female consort , like most of the gods , one of whose... | was n't there a laser system named after shiva ? |
brain cells called neurons send information and instructions throughout the brain and body . the information is sent via electro-chemical signals known as action potentials that travel down the length of the neuron . these neurons are then triggered to release chemical messengers called neurotransmitters which help tri... | this means that as the action potential comes rushing by , it is easier to depolarize the areas that are sheathed , because there are fewer negative ions to counteract . the spaces between the myelin sheaths are known as the nodes of ranvier . these areas are brimming with voltage-gated ion channels to help push the si... | is ion exchange occurring underneath myelination or is it only occurring at the nodes of ranvier ? |
brain cells called neurons send information and instructions throughout the brain and body . the information is sent via electro-chemical signals known as action potentials that travel down the length of the neuron . these neurons are then triggered to release chemical messengers called neurotransmitters which help tri... | this continues down the axon and creates the action potential . larger diameter axons have a higher conduction velocity , which means they are able to send signals faster . this is because there is less resistance facing the ion flow . | is the `` diameter '' the distance covered by the dendrites ? |
with her fingers delicately grasping the thickly coiled rope of a swing suspended mid-flight , a life-sized female mannequin flirtatiously kicks up her left foot , projecting her slipper into the air where it hovers above a tangle of branches . our gaze is directed from the arch of her foot towards the vibrant trim of ... | however , his use of the dutch wax fabric , with its spurious origins and its misleading aesthetic identity , serve as a reminder that history and truth are also themselves constructions . essay by allison young | given that much of this essay discusses the difficulty in distinguishing something that is uniquely `` african '' or `` dutch '' or `` pure '' of any one nationality ( post imperialism ) ... what is the etymology of the artist 's name himself ? |
a rare night landscape the curving , swirling lines of hills , mountains , and sky , the brilliantly contrasting blues and yellows , the large , flame-like cypress trees , and the thickly layered brushstrokes of vincent van gogh ’ s the starry night are engrained in the minds of many as an expression of the artist ’ s ... | since this room did not look out upon the mountains but rather had a view of the asylum ’ s garden , it is assumed that van gogh composed the starry night using elements of a few previously completed works still stored in his studio , as well as aspects from imagination and memory . it has even been argued that the chu... | what is the reason van gogh made the church windows dark ? |
key points succession is a series of progressive changes in the composition of an ecological community over time . in primary succession , newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time . in secondary succession , an area previously occupied by living things is disturbed—disrupted—t... | on the big island , approximately 32 acres of land are added each year . what happens to this land during primary succession ? first , weathering and other natural forces break down the substrate , rock , enough for the establishment of certain hearty plants and lichens with few soil requirements , known as pioneer spe... | what are some of the stages that occur during primary succession ? |
key points succession is a series of progressive changes in the composition of an ecological community over time . in primary succession , newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time . in secondary succession , an area previously occupied by living things is disturbed—disrupted—t... | in fact , they have spent a lot of time observing how complex communities , like forests , arise from empty land or bare rock . they study , for example , sites where volcanic eruptions , glacier retreats , or wildfires have taken place , clearing land or exposing rock . in studying these sites over time , ecologists h... | why is sucession in ecology so difficult to study ? |
key points succession is a series of progressive changes in the composition of an ecological community over time . in primary succession , newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time . in secondary succession , an area previously occupied by living things is disturbed—disrupted—t... | in many cases , a community arising in a disturbed area goes through a series of shifts in composition , often over the course of many years . this series of changes is called ecological succession . succession ecological succession is a series of progressive changes in the species that make up a community over time . ... | how and why does biodiversity differ in various stages of succession and why ? |
key points succession is a series of progressive changes in the composition of an ecological community over time . in primary succession , newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time . in secondary succession , an area previously occupied by living things is disturbed—disrupted—t... | the path and endpoint of succession the early ecologists who first studied succession thought of it as a predictable process in which a community always went through the same series of stages . they also thought that the end result of succession was a stable , unchanging final state called a climax community , largely ... | what is a climax community ? |
key points succession is a series of progressive changes in the composition of an ecological community over time . in primary succession , newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time . in secondary succession , an area previously occupied by living things is disturbed—disrupted—t... | in many cases , a community arising in a disturbed area goes through a series of shifts in composition , often over the course of many years . this series of changes is called ecological succession . succession ecological succession is a series of progressive changes in the species that make up a community over time . ... | how are succession and biodiversity related ? |
key points succession is a series of progressive changes in the composition of an ecological community over time . in primary succession , newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time . in secondary succession , an area previously occupied by living things is disturbed—disrupted—t... | however , it 's unclear if there is always—or even usually—a stable endpoint to succession , as we 'll discuss later in the article . secondary succession in secondary succession , a previously occupied area is re-colonized following a disturbance that kills much or all of its community . a classic example of secondary... | what is the second step of secondary succession ? |
key points succession is a series of progressive changes in the composition of an ecological community over time . in primary succession , newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time . in secondary succession , an area previously occupied by living things is disturbed—disrupted—t... | what happens to this land during primary succession ? first , weathering and other natural forces break down the substrate , rock , enough for the establishment of certain hearty plants and lichens with few soil requirements , known as pioneer species , see image below . these species help to further break down the min... | why do n't we see pioneer species dominating for long periods of time if there are not continued disturbances ? |
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