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key points succession is a series of progressive changes in the composition of an ecological community over time . in primary succession , newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time . in secondary succession , an area previously occupied by living things is disturbed—disrupted—t... | this process repeats multiple times during succession . at each stage , new species move into an area , often due to changes to the environment made by the preceding species , and may replace their predecessors . at some point , the community may reach a relatively stable state and stop changing in composition . | why does only one or two tree species dominate the environment of a forest ? |
the order of operations are a set of rules for how to evaluate expressions . they make sure everyone gets to the same answer . $ \purpled { \text { p } } $ arentheses : we evaluate what 's inside parentheses first , before anything else . for example , $ 2\times \purpled { ( 3+1 ) } =2\times4=8 $ . $ \blued { \text { e... | they make sure everyone gets to the same answer . $ \purpled { \text { p } } $ arentheses : we evaluate what 's inside parentheses first , before anything else . for example , $ 2\times \purpled { ( 3+1 ) } =2\times4=8 $ . | do brackets come before or after parentheses ? |
the order of operations are a set of rules for how to evaluate expressions . they make sure everyone gets to the same answer . $ \purpled { \text { p } } $ arentheses : we evaluate what 's inside parentheses first , before anything else . for example , $ 2\times \purpled { ( 3+1 ) } =2\times4=8 $ . $ \blued { \text { e... | the correct way to do this is to work from left to right . correct | incorrect -|- $ \begin { align } & amp ; 7-2+3\\= & amp ; 5+3\\= & amp ; 8\end { align } $ | $ \begin { align } & amp ; 7-2+3\\= & amp ; 7-5\\= & amp ; 2\end { align } $ remember : even though `` a '' comes before `` s '' in pemdas , that does n't mea... | so does negation need to go in pemdas somewhere ? |
the order of operations are a set of rules for how to evaluate expressions . they make sure everyone gets to the same answer . $ \purpled { \text { p } } $ arentheses : we evaluate what 's inside parentheses first , before anything else . for example , $ 2\times \purpled { ( 3+1 ) } =2\times4=8 $ . $ \blued { \text { e... | $ =\blued { 6 } ^\blued 2- 2 ( { 9 } ) $ | find $ \blued { 6^2 } $ , which is $ 6\cdot 6 = 36 $ . $ = { 36 } -\greend { 2 ( { 9 } ) } $ | multiply $ \greend2 $ and $ \greend { 9 } $ . $ =\goldd { { 36 } - { 18 } } $ | subtract $ 18 $ from $ { 36 } $ . | do you add 135+7 which is 142 to the back of 9 making the number 9,142 ? |
the order of operations are a set of rules for how to evaluate expressions . they make sure everyone gets to the same answer . $ \purpled { \text { p } } $ arentheses : we evaluate what 's inside parentheses first , before anything else . for example , $ 2\times \purpled { ( 3+1 ) } =2\times4=8 $ . $ \blued { \text { e... | $ =18 $ | ... and we 're done ! example 3 evaluate $ 7-2+3 $ . the correct way to do this is to work from left to right . | what is the best way to solve a quotation with a exponent when the exponent is 3 or above ? |
the order of operations are a set of rules for how to evaluate expressions . they make sure everyone gets to the same answer . $ \purpled { \text { p } } $ arentheses : we evaluate what 's inside parentheses first , before anything else . for example , $ 2\times \purpled { ( 3+1 ) } =2\times4=8 $ . $ \blued { \text { e... | $ \blued { \text { e } } $ xponents : we evaluate exponents before multiplying , dividing , adding , or subtracting . for example , $ 2\times\blued { 3^2 } = 2\times9=18 $ . $ \greend { \text { m } } $ ultiplication and $ \greend { \text { d } } $ ivision : we multiply and divide before we add or subtract . | for example if the exponent of the number 2 is 3 , should i do 2 times 2 which is 4 and then do 4 times 2 which equals 8 again ? |
the order of operations are a set of rules for how to evaluate expressions . they make sure everyone gets to the same answer . $ \purpled { \text { p } } $ arentheses : we evaluate what 's inside parentheses first , before anything else . for example , $ 2\times \purpled { ( 3+1 ) } =2\times4=8 $ . $ \blued { \text { e... | addition and subtraction are at the same `` level '' in the order of operations . the same is true of multiplication and division . want to learn more about order of operations ? | so the multiplication is first ? |
the order of operations are a set of rules for how to evaluate expressions . they make sure everyone gets to the same answer . $ \purpled { \text { p } } $ arentheses : we evaluate what 's inside parentheses first , before anything else . for example , $ 2\times \purpled { ( 3+1 ) } =2\times4=8 $ . $ \blued { \text { e... | there are no parentheses or exponents , so we jump straight to multiplication and division . $ \phantom { = } 6 \times 4 + 2 \times 3 $ | $ $ - | - $ =\green { 6 \times 4 } + 2 \times 3 $ | multiply $ \greend6 $ and $ \greend { 4 } $ . $ =24 + \green { 2 \times 3 } $ | multiply $ \greend2 $ and $ \greend { 3 } $ . | so a negative number times a negative number equals a positive number ? |
the order of operations are a set of rules for how to evaluate expressions . they make sure everyone gets to the same answer . $ \purpled { \text { p } } $ arentheses : we evaluate what 's inside parentheses first , before anything else . for example , $ 2\times \purpled { ( 3+1 ) } =2\times4=8 $ . $ \blued { \text { e... | they make sure everyone gets to the same answer . $ \purpled { \text { p } } $ arentheses : we evaluate what 's inside parentheses first , before anything else . for example , $ 2\times \purpled { ( 3+1 ) } =2\times4=8 $ . | what does it mean when a parenthesis is inside a parenthesis ? |
hidden away in the hills of northwest india , some 200 miles from the busy streets of mumbai , emerge a magnificent jewel of art and religion : the ajanta caves . the caves , cut into the face of a mountain , form a horseshoe shape around the wangorah river . they are an example of one of indian 's unique artistic trad... | ajanta consists of thirty caves , each dedicated to the life of the buddha . each cave is filled with sculpture , wall murals , and ceiling paintings . though much of this site has collapsed , what remains at ajanta has allowed a glimpse into the artistic traditions of ancient india . | how ceiling paintings make cave so beautiful ? |
hidden away in the hills of northwest india , some 200 miles from the busy streets of mumbai , emerge a magnificent jewel of art and religion : the ajanta caves . the caves , cut into the face of a mountain , form a horseshoe shape around the wangorah river . they are an example of one of indian 's unique artistic trad... | nevertheless , each cave has its own unique characteristics , making it difficult to write about ajanta as a whole . the ajanta caves are engulfed in darkness . in fact , this lack of light is crucial to the experience at ajanta ; demanding the viewer ’ s time while intensifying a sense of the mysterious . | why did the sculptors abandon the caves before completing it ? |
a temple with a lost name angkor wat in siem reap , cambodia is the largest religious monument in the world . angkor wat , translated from khmer ( the official language of cambodia ) literally means “ city temple. ” as far as names go this is as generic as it gets . angkor wat was not the original name given to the tem... | in addition to envisioning angkor wat as mt . meru on earth , the temple ’ s architects , of whom we know nothing , also ingeniously designed the temple so that embedded in the temple ’ s construction is a map of the cosmos ( mandala ) as well as a historical record of the temple ’ s patron . angkor wat as a mandala ac... | is there any dress code to be followed while entering angor temple ? |
photomontage in the soviet union have you ever wondered what came before photoshop ? after the first world war , artists in germany and the soviet union began to experiment with photomontage , the process of making a composite image by juxtaposing or mounting two or more photographs in order to give the illusion of a s... | photomontage in the soviet union have you ever wondered what came before photoshop ? after the first world war , artists in germany and the soviet union began to experiment with photomontage , the process of making a composite image by juxtaposing or mounting two or more photographs in order to give the illusion of a s... | is photo montage really the twentieth century 's version of photoshop ? |
photomontage in the soviet union have you ever wondered what came before photoshop ? after the first world war , artists in germany and the soviet union began to experiment with photomontage , the process of making a composite image by juxtaposing or mounting two or more photographs in order to give the illusion of a s... | constructing the image in stepanova ’ s photomontage , everything is carefully constructed . the artist uses only three types of color and tone . she alternates black and white with sepia photographs and integrates geometric planes of red to structure the composition . | did the artist just cut and paste pictures and news clippings overlap the cut outs ? |
photomontage in the soviet union have you ever wondered what came before photoshop ? after the first world war , artists in germany and the soviet union began to experiment with photomontage , the process of making a composite image by juxtaposing or mounting two or more photographs in order to give the illusion of a s... | although stepanova worked hand in hand with the soviet government , her work shows great personal creativity . by using vibrant color , and striking images in a dynamic composition , she pioneered photomontage and revolutionized the way we now understand photography . historical hindsight can make it difficult for cont... | what was the purpose behind using photo montage ? |
key points : the two prokaryote domains , bacteria and archaea , split from each other early in the evolution of life . bacteria are very diverse , ranging from disease-causing pathogens to beneficial photosynthesizers and symbionts . archaea are also diverse , but none are pathogenic and many live in extreme environme... | the third domain ( eukarya ) includes all eukaryotes , such as plants , animals , and fungi. $ ^2 $ since splitting off from one another millions of years ago , both bacteria and archaea have split off into many groups and species . bacteria domain bacteria contains $ 5 $ major groups : proteobacteria , chlamydias , sp... | why are n't gram negative bacteria included under the domain ? |
key points : the two prokaryote domains , bacteria and archaea , split from each other early in the evolution of life . bacteria are very diverse , ranging from disease-causing pathogens to beneficial photosynthesizers and symbionts . archaea are also diverse , but none are pathogenic and many live in extreme environme... | the third domain ( eukarya ) includes all eukaryotes , such as plants , animals , and fungi. $ ^2 $ since splitting off from one another millions of years ago , both bacteria and archaea have split off into many groups and species . bacteria domain bacteria contains $ 5 $ major groups : proteobacteria , chlamydias , sp... | did archea and bacteria branch before or after eukarya appeared ? |
key points : the two prokaryote domains , bacteria and archaea , split from each other early in the evolution of life . bacteria are very diverse , ranging from disease-causing pathogens to beneficial photosynthesizers and symbionts . archaea are also diverse , but none are pathogenic and many live in extreme environme... | however , work by microbiologist carl woese in the 1970s showed that prokaryotes are divided into two distinct lineages , or lines of descent : archaea and bacteria . today , these groups are considered to form two out of three domains of life . the third domain ( eukarya ) includes all eukaryotes , such as plants , an... | if before , from which of these domains did eukarya branch ? |
key points : the two prokaryote domains , bacteria and archaea , split from each other early in the evolution of life . bacteria are very diverse , ranging from disease-causing pathogens to beneficial photosynthesizers and symbionts . archaea are also diverse , but none are pathogenic and many live in extreme environme... | the third domain ( eukarya ) includes all eukaryotes , such as plants , animals , and fungi. $ ^2 $ since splitting off from one another millions of years ago , both bacteria and archaea have split off into many groups and species . bacteria domain bacteria contains $ 5 $ major groups : proteobacteria , chlamydias , sp... | why mycoplasmas included in gram positif when it dont have cell wall ? |
key points : the two prokaryote domains , bacteria and archaea , split from each other early in the evolution of life . bacteria are very diverse , ranging from disease-causing pathogens to beneficial photosynthesizers and symbionts . archaea are also diverse , but none are pathogenic and many live in extreme environme... | if an organism could be grown on an agar plate or in a liquid culture , then it could be studied , analyzed , and added to our growing catalog of prokaryotic species and strains . some prokaryotes , however , ca n't grow in a laboratory setting ( at least , not under the conditions scientists have tried ) . in fact , a... | how will prokaryotes grow in a laboratory ? |
key points : the two prokaryote domains , bacteria and archaea , split from each other early in the evolution of life . bacteria are very diverse , ranging from disease-causing pathogens to beneficial photosynthesizers and symbionts . archaea are also diverse , but none are pathogenic and many live in extreme environme... | for instance , we might know that there were animals , but be in the dark about plants or fungi ! what is a prokaryotic species ? in order to talk about finding prokaryotic species , we probably need to define what they are . | why is the classification of prokaryotic cells not not useful from an evolutinary prospective ? |
an anthropomorphic stele from ha ’ il this stele is tall , measuring approximately three feet high . but it is not just vertical height that makes this free-standing stone sculpture appear human , or anthropomorphic . while both sides are sculpted , emphasis is on the front , particularly the face , chest , and waist :... | an anthropomorphic stele from ha ’ il this stele is tall , measuring approximately three feet high . but it is not just vertical height that makes this free-standing stone sculpture appear human , or anthropomorphic . | does it perhaps pose some academic risk in the long run to use the word stele in so universal a sense ? |
an anthropomorphic stele from ha ’ il this stele is tall , measuring approximately three feet high . but it is not just vertical height that makes this free-standing stone sculpture appear human , or anthropomorphic . while both sides are sculpted , emphasis is on the front , particularly the face , chest , and waist :... | while both sides are sculpted , emphasis is on the front , particularly the face , chest , and waist : a trapezoidal head rests directly on squared shoulders with the outline of a face framing two closely-spaced eyes and a flattened nose ; on the robed figure ’ s torso a necklace hangs with two cords diagonally crossin... | could it be possible that these were more of family crests , or a sculpture of someone ? |
an anthropomorphic stele from ha ’ il this stele is tall , measuring approximately three feet high . but it is not just vertical height that makes this free-standing stone sculpture appear human , or anthropomorphic . while both sides are sculpted , emphasis is on the front , particularly the face , chest , and waist :... | 3-8 . ute franke , “ early stelae in stone , '' roads of arabia : the archaeological treasures of saudi arabia , edited by ute franke and joachim gierlichs ( tubingen : wasmuth verlag , 2011 ) , pp . 68-71 . | what is the evidence that the stelae shown are to be regarded as male and not deliberately gender-less or ambiguous ? |
an anthropomorphic stele from ha ’ il this stele is tall , measuring approximately three feet high . but it is not just vertical height that makes this free-standing stone sculpture appear human , or anthropomorphic . while both sides are sculpted , emphasis is on the front , particularly the face , chest , and waist :... | an anthropomorphic stele from ha ’ il this stele is tall , measuring approximately three feet high . but it is not just vertical height that makes this free-standing stone sculpture appear human , or anthropomorphic . | how was it possible to find such fragial masterpeices ? |
an anthropomorphic stele from ha ’ il this stele is tall , measuring approximately three feet high . but it is not just vertical height that makes this free-standing stone sculpture appear human , or anthropomorphic . while both sides are sculpted , emphasis is on the front , particularly the face , chest , and waist :... | an anthropomorphic stele from ha ’ il this stele is tall , measuring approximately three feet high . but it is not just vertical height that makes this free-standing stone sculpture appear human , or anthropomorphic . | does the anthropomorphic stele have any connection with the fantasy shadow hunter stele ? |
an anthropomorphic stele from ha ’ il this stele is tall , measuring approximately three feet high . but it is not just vertical height that makes this free-standing stone sculpture appear human , or anthropomorphic . while both sides are sculpted , emphasis is on the front , particularly the face , chest , and waist :... | an anthropomorphic stele from ha ’ il this stele is tall , measuring approximately three feet high . but it is not just vertical height that makes this free-standing stone sculpture appear human , or anthropomorphic . | how are we sure on what the paintings in the caves stand for ? |
andy warhol 's marilyn diptych is made of two silver canvases on which the artist silkscreened a photograph of marilyn monroe fifty times . at first glance , the work—which explicitly references a form of christian painting ( see below ) in its title—invites us to worship the legendary icon , whose image warhol plucked... | though he was an award-winning illustrator , instead of making his own drawing of monroe , he appropriates an image that already exists . furthermore , the image is not some other artist ’ s drawing , but a photograph made for mass reproduction . even if we don ’ t recognize the source ( a publicity photo for monroe ’ ... | was the artist often accused of being unoriginal despite the extreme changes he made to the photograph ? |
andy warhol 's marilyn diptych is made of two silver canvases on which the artist silkscreened a photograph of marilyn monroe fifty times . at first glance , the work—which explicitly references a form of christian painting ( see below ) in its title—invites us to worship the legendary icon , whose image warhol plucked... | andy warhol 's marilyn diptych is made of two silver canvases on which the artist silkscreened a photograph of marilyn monroe fifty times . at first glance , the work—which explicitly references a form of christian painting ( see below ) in its title—invites us to worship the legendary icon , whose image warhol plucked... | can someone tell me what the size of the marilyn photo in the middle of `` gold marilyn '' is ? |
andy warhol 's marilyn diptych is made of two silver canvases on which the artist silkscreened a photograph of marilyn monroe fifty times . at first glance , the work—which explicitly references a form of christian painting ( see below ) in its title—invites us to worship the legendary icon , whose image warhol plucked... | steven henry madoff , ed. , pop art : a critical history ( berkeley : university of california press , 1997 ) . kynaston mcshine , ed. , andy warhol : a retrospective , exh . cat . | besides warhol 's own `` quoting '' himself in further work like jackie kennedy , have others created derivitave works of other subjects in the warhol style ? |
although assyrian civilization , centred in the fertile tigris valley of northern iraq , can be traced back to at least the third millennium b.c.e. , some of its most spectacular remains date to the first millennium b.c.e . when assyria dominated the middle east . ashurnasirpal ii the assyrian king ashurnasirpal ii ( 8... | the stone is easily eroded when exposed to wind and rain and when it was used outside , the reliefs are presumed to have been protected by varnish or paint . it is possible that this form of decoration was adopted by assyrian kings following their campaigns to the west , where stone reliefs were used in neo-hittite cit... | were there ever reliefs of the lions that were killed being eaten or anything like that ? |
although assyrian civilization , centred in the fertile tigris valley of northern iraq , can be traced back to at least the third millennium b.c.e. , some of its most spectacular remains date to the first millennium b.c.e . when assyria dominated the middle east . ashurnasirpal ii the assyrian king ashurnasirpal ii ( 8... | ashurnasirpal ii the assyrian king ashurnasirpal ii ( 883-859 b.c.e . ) established nimrud as his capital . many of the principal rooms and courtyards of his palace were decorated with gypsum slabs carved in relief with images of the king as high priest and as victorious hunter and warrior . | what would have been at nimrud ? |
although assyrian civilization , centred in the fertile tigris valley of northern iraq , can be traced back to at least the third millennium b.c.e. , some of its most spectacular remains date to the first millennium b.c.e . when assyria dominated the middle east . ashurnasirpal ii the assyrian king ashurnasirpal ii ( 8... | this wealth was ploughed into impressive building works undertaken in a new capital city created at kalhu ( modern nimrud ) . here a citadel mound was constructed and crowned with temples and the so-called north-west palace . military successes led to further campaigns , this time to the west , and close links were est... | was there a palace , a temple or the remains of other structures ? |
although assyrian civilization , centred in the fertile tigris valley of northern iraq , can be traced back to at least the third millennium b.c.e. , some of its most spectacular remains date to the first millennium b.c.e . when assyria dominated the middle east . ashurnasirpal ii the assyrian king ashurnasirpal ii ( 8... | although assyrian civilization , centred in the fertile tigris valley of northern iraq , can be traced back to at least the third millennium b.c.e. , some of its most spectacular remains date to the first millennium b.c.e . when assyria dominated the middle east . | what artifacts remained at the site ? |
although assyrian civilization , centred in the fertile tigris valley of northern iraq , can be traced back to at least the third millennium b.c.e. , some of its most spectacular remains date to the first millennium b.c.e . when assyria dominated the middle east . ashurnasirpal ii the assyrian king ashurnasirpal ii ( 8... | ashurnasirpal ii the assyrian king ashurnasirpal ii ( 883-859 b.c.e . ) established nimrud as his capital . many of the principal rooms and courtyards of his palace were decorated with gypsum slabs carved in relief with images of the king as high priest and as victorious hunter and warrior . | how much world heritage has is destroyed at nimrud ? |
although assyrian civilization , centred in the fertile tigris valley of northern iraq , can be traced back to at least the third millennium b.c.e. , some of its most spectacular remains date to the first millennium b.c.e . when assyria dominated the middle east . ashurnasirpal ii the assyrian king ashurnasirpal ii ( 8... | the scenes were originally picked out with paint , which occasionally survives , and work like modern comic books , starting the story at one end and following it along the walls to the conclusion . the assyrians used a form of gypsum for the reliefs and carved it using iron and copper tools . the stone is easily erode... | could those sinful people be the assyrians ? |
key points since gdp is measured in a country ’ s currency , in order to compare different countries ’ gdps , we need to convert them to a common currency . one way to compare different countries ' gdps is with an exchange rate , the price of one country ’ s currency in terms of another . gdp per capita is gdp divided ... | one way to compare different countries ' gdps is with an exchange rate , the price of one country ’ s currency in terms of another . gdp per capita is gdp divided by population . introduction it is common to use gdp as a measure of economic welfare or standard of living in a nation . | is there a mistake with the gdp of brazil ? |
the puerto rico born artist , pepón osorio trained as a sociologist and became a social worker in the south bronx . his work is inspired by each of these experiences and is rooted in the spaces , experiences , and people of american latino culture , particularly nuyorican communities ( nuyorican refers to the puerto ri... | [ 2 ] erika suderburg , space , site , intervention : situating installation art ( university of minnesota press , 2000 ) , p. 323 . additional resources : pepón osorio from art21 ( video ) pepón osorio from the ronald feldman gallery | so , in what way is osorio challenging definitions of masculinity ? |
the puerto rico born artist , pepón osorio trained as a sociologist and became a social worker in the south bronx . his work is inspired by each of these experiences and is rooted in the spaces , experiences , and people of american latino culture , particularly nuyorican communities ( nuyorican refers to the puerto ri... | essay by dr. maya jimenez [ 1 ] “ nuyorican baroque : pepón osorio ’ s chucherías , ” art journal , vol.60 , issue 1 , 2001 , p. 75 . [ 2 ] erika suderburg , space , site , intervention : situating installation art ( university of minnesota press , 2000 ) , p. 323 . additional resources : pepón osorio from art21 ( vide... | was this sort of `` record keeping '' a part of the art installation itself ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | you can learn more about how this works in the articles on ligands and receptors , signal relay , and cellular responses . forms of signaling cell-cell signaling involves the transmission of a signal from a sending cell to a receiving cell . however , not all sending and receiving cells are next-door neighbors , nor do... | wait , so then whats the feature of a target cell that makes it receptive to a particular signalling molecule ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | ultimately , it leads to a change in the cell , such as alteration in the activity of a gene or even the induction of a whole process , such as cell division . thus , the original intercellular ( between-cells ) signal is converted into an intracellular ( within-cell ) signal that triggers a response . you can learn mo... | in the second diagram , it is said that , '' chemical messengers relay the signal '' is there any specific place where these signal function ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | from a medical standpoint , autocrine signaling is important in cancer and is thought to play a key role in metastasis ( the spread of cancer from its original site to other parts of the body ) $ ^6 $ . in many cases , a signal may have both autocrine and paracrine effects , binding to the sending cell as well as other... | what happens if a ligand to a paracrine system moves past the binding reception ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | ultimately , it leads to a change in the cell , such as alteration in the activity of a gene or even the induction of a whole process , such as cell division . thus , the original intercellular ( between-cells ) signal is converted into an intracellular ( within-cell ) signal that triggers a response . you can learn mo... | how do the seven transmembrane domain g-protein =coupled receptors transmit a signal across the plasma membrane ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | you can learn more about how this works in the articles on ligands and receptors , signal relay , and cellular responses . forms of signaling cell-cell signaling involves the transmission of a signal from a sending cell to a receiving cell . however , not all sending and receiving cells are next-door neighbors , nor do... | what is the difference between cell signaling and signal transduction ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | we 'll first look at how cell-cell signaling works , then consider different kinds of short- and long-range signaling that happen in our bodies . overview of cell signaling cells typically communicate using chemical signals . these chemical signals , which are proteins or other molecules produced by a sending cell , ar... | typically , what kind of molecule is the ligand ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | however , not all sending and receiving cells are next-door neighbors , nor do all cell pairs exchange signals in the same way . there are four basic categories of chemical signaling found in multicellular organisms : paracrine signaling , autocrine signaling , endocrine signaling , and signaling by direct contact . th... | i know in endocrine it is a hormone , but how about in the other kinds of signaling ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | when the proteins bind to one another , this interaction changes the shape of one or both proteins , transmitting a signal . this kind of signaling is especially important in the immune system , where immune cells use cell-surface markers to recognize “ self ” cells ( the body 's own cells ) and cells infected by patho... | can cells communicate with the cells of other species ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | you can learn more about how this works in the articles on ligands and receptors , signal relay , and cellular responses . forms of signaling cell-cell signaling involves the transmission of a signal from a sending cell to a receiving cell . however , not all sending and receiving cells are next-door neighbors , nor do... | can a mammal cell communicate with a plant cell ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | in order to detect a signal ( that is , to be a target cell ) , a neighbor cell must have the right receptor for that signal . when a signaling molecule binds to its receptor , it alters the shape or activity of the receptor , triggering a change inside of the cell . signaling molecules are often called ligands , a gen... | how does a ligand move inside the body so that it binds to a receptor ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving millions of messages in the form of chemical signaling molecules ! in this article , we 'll examine the basic principles of how cells... | is the movement through diffusion if so what is the driving concentration gradient and how does it form ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | ultimately , it leads to a change in the cell , such as alteration in the activity of a gene or even the induction of a whole process , such as cell division . thus , the original intercellular ( between-cells ) signal is converted into an intracellular ( within-cell ) signal that triggers a response . you can learn mo... | cells signal because of a change in their environment , or because of a mutation in regulation gene expression right ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | ultimately , it leads to a change in the cell , such as alteration in the activity of a gene or even the induction of a whole process , such as cell division . thus , the original intercellular ( between-cells ) signal is converted into an intracellular ( within-cell ) signal that triggers a response . you can learn mo... | is endocrine signalling a type of intercellular signal transmission ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | when the proteins bind to one another , this interaction changes the shape of one or both proteins , transmitting a signal . this kind of signaling is especially important in the immune system , where immune cells use cell-surface markers to recognize “ self ” cells ( the body 's own cells ) and cells infected by patho... | why are all cells not target cells for all hormones ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | there , they can float – like messages in a bottle – over to neighboring cells . not all cells can “ hear ” a particular chemical message . in order to detect a signal ( that is , to be a target cell ) , a neighbor cell must have the right receptor for that signal . | which chemical is used by both the nervous and endocrine systems ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | you can learn more about how this works in the articles on ligands and receptors , signal relay , and cellular responses . forms of signaling cell-cell signaling involves the transmission of a signal from a sending cell to a receiving cell . however , not all sending and receiving cells are next-door neighbors , nor do... | do the cell singal catagories vary to the access of the brain ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | although they 're used in many different tissues and contexts , paracrine signals are especially important during development , when they allow one group of cells to tell a neighboring group of cells what cellular identity to take on . synaptic signaling one unique example of paracrine signaling is synaptic signaling ,... | is there a difference in the paracrine , synaptic and endocrine cells signals between humans and animals ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | you can learn more about how this works in the articles on ligands and receptors , signal relay , and cellular responses . forms of signaling cell-cell signaling involves the transmission of a signal from a sending cell to a receiving cell . however , not all sending and receiving cells are next-door neighbors , nor do... | what can be a general example of cell communication ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | each endocrine gland releases one or more types of hormones , many of which are master regulators of development and physiology . for example , the pituitary releases growth hormone ( gh ) , which promotes growth , particularly of the skeleton and cartilage . like most hormones , gh affects many different types of cell... | what are the precursors of the growth hormone ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | we 'll first look at how cell-cell signaling works , then consider different kinds of short- and long-range signaling that happen in our bodies . overview of cell signaling cells typically communicate using chemical signals . these chemical signals , which are proteins or other molecules produced by a sending cell , ar... | are cell signals sent continuously ? |
introduction think your cells are just simple building blocks , unconscious and static as bricks in a wall ? if so , think again ! cells can detect what 's going on around them , and they can respond in realtime to cues from their neighbors and environment . at this very moment , your cells are sending and receiving mi... | however , not all sending and receiving cells are next-door neighbors , nor do all cell pairs exchange signals in the same way . there are four basic categories of chemical signaling found in multicellular organisms : paracrine signaling , autocrine signaling , endocrine signaling , and signaling by direct contact . th... | why ca n't plants have endocrine signaling ? |
what would you consider today ’ s most coveted status symbols ? a mercedes or a ferrari , a diamond rolex or a designer handbag ? a european villa ? in rachel ruysch ’ s day it was a simple tulip . looking at her floral still life paintings can reveal an entire hidden world—of wealth , status , even the economics of th... | “ vanitas ” : hidden meanings ? some scholars believe there is another way to view ruysch ’ s flower paintings . one common interpretation is to understand them in light of vanitas , a moral message common at the time . | did anyone notice the small flower bulb in the front bottom of the painting , which is seed ? |
what would you consider today ’ s most coveted status symbols ? a mercedes or a ferrari , a diamond rolex or a designer handbag ? a european villa ? in rachel ruysch ’ s day it was a simple tulip . looking at her floral still life paintings can reveal an entire hidden world—of wealth , status , even the economics of th... | wealthy dutch consumers were being reminded to not become too attached to their material possessions and worldly pleasures ; eternal salvation came only through devotion to god . essay by lynn robinson additional resources : flower still life in the toledo museum of art still-life painting in northern europe 1600-1800 ... | do you know , is it possible that exist two pieces of art work still life with flowers and fruit ? |
what would you consider today ’ s most coveted status symbols ? a mercedes or a ferrari , a diamond rolex or a designer handbag ? a european villa ? in rachel ruysch ’ s day it was a simple tulip . looking at her floral still life paintings can reveal an entire hidden world—of wealth , status , even the economics of th... | a european villa ? in rachel ruysch ’ s day it was a simple tulip . looking at her floral still life paintings can reveal an entire hidden world—of wealth , status , even the economics of the world ’ s first financial crises . | did rachel ruysch paint a bouquet of flowers because she was wealthy ? |
benjamin west has always been a difficult artist to classify . american historians generally claim him as an american artist as he was born in what would become the state of pennsylvania . west ’ s earliest paintings date from his fifteenth year , and if his own attempts at myth making are to be believed—they should be... | shown in what is now the universal pose of contemplation , the native american firmly situates this as an event from the new world , making the composition all the more exciting to a largely english audience . wolfe as christ perhaps most important is the way west portrayed the painting ’ s protagonist as christ-like .... | perhaps the painting could be shifted upwards to fix that ? |
benjamin west has always been a difficult artist to classify . american historians generally claim him as an american artist as he was born in what would become the state of pennsylvania . west ’ s earliest paintings date from his fifteenth year , and if his own attempts at myth making are to be believed—they should be... | of the many he completed , the death of general wolfe ( 1770 ) is certainly the most celebrated . in this painting , west departed from conventions in two important regards . generally , history paintings were reserved for narratives from the bible or stories from the classical past . | do somebody know where the painting was shown through time ? |
benjamin west has always been a difficult artist to classify . american historians generally claim him as an american artist as he was born in what would become the state of pennsylvania . west ’ s earliest paintings date from his fifteenth year , and if his own attempts at myth making are to be believed—they should be... | shown in what is now the universal pose of contemplation , the native american firmly situates this as an event from the new world , making the composition all the more exciting to a largely english audience . wolfe as christ perhaps most important is the way west portrayed the painting ’ s protagonist as christ-like .... | did west 's portayal of wolfe as christ-like receive criticism ? |
the emancipation of european jews from ghettos became a benchmark of sorts indicating a nation ’ s transformation from the medieval to the modern . upon the formation of a secular nation , french jews received civil rights in 1791 and 1792 . other european nations followed throughout the 19th century . national communi... | jews were forcibly gathered and shipped to local concentration camps and to death camps in poland and the ussr . six million jews died in the holocaust . text by dr. jessica hammerman and dr. shaina hammerman *moses mendelssohn , `` 19 . | can we add these three resources about jews and the holocaust ? |
the emancipation of european jews from ghettos became a benchmark of sorts indicating a nation ’ s transformation from the medieval to the modern . upon the formation of a secular nation , french jews received civil rights in 1791 and 1792 . other european nations followed throughout the 19th century . national communi... | these reformers believed that their mission was to bring judaism in line with modern thought ; they also promoted the idea that prayers should be chanted in the local language rather than in hebrew . they encouraged rabbis to look beyond the talmud and torah for guidance . reformers spurned the idea that the past could... | was the torah crown ever returned or are the american 's still holding onto it ? |
the emancipation of european jews from ghettos became a benchmark of sorts indicating a nation ’ s transformation from the medieval to the modern . upon the formation of a secular nation , french jews received civil rights in 1791 and 1792 . other european nations followed throughout the 19th century . national communi... | holocaust “ the antisemite creates the jew , ” wrote the french philosopher jean-paul sartre in 1945 . antisemitism had generated a false image of what a jew is , making jews seem like a social danger for the majority of europeans . after world war i , liberal democracies everywhere appeared to be failing . | why does there seem to be water on the floors where the cots are ? |
the emancipation of european jews from ghettos became a benchmark of sorts indicating a nation ’ s transformation from the medieval to the modern . upon the formation of a secular nation , french jews received civil rights in 1791 and 1792 . other european nations followed throughout the 19th century . national communi... | moses mendelssohn pioneered the jewish enlightenment , or haskalah , which advocated many of the same ideas about freedom and equal rights as those that jean-jacques rousseau and immanuel kant explored . mendelssohn openly discussed the ways that jews could live in a multi-religious society . “ adopt the mores and cons... | does anyone know if we are seeing that again with jews who live in israel and jews who live in other parts of the world ? |
the emancipation of european jews from ghettos became a benchmark of sorts indicating a nation ’ s transformation from the medieval to the modern . upon the formation of a secular nation , french jews received civil rights in 1791 and 1792 . other european nations followed throughout the 19th century . national communi... | they opposed many of the secular cultural forms that judaism took in the coming decades : the yiddishist movement , zionism , and any other divergences from strict halakhah . some insisted that established customs not grounded in jewish law should take on the weight of halakhah—this is why some groups continue to dress... | or are we now so connected ( through social media , tv , radio , etc ) that jewish practices and customs 'radiate ' from the country of israel to their international community ( much like vatican city and the catholic church ) ? |
an emperor worth celebrating marcus ulpius traianus , now commonly referred to as trajan , reigned as rome ’ s emperor from 98 until 117 c.e . a military man , trajan was born of mixed stock—part italic , part hispanic—into the gens ulpia ( the ulpian family ) in the roman province of hispania baetica ( modern spain ) ... | ( new haven : yale university press , 1982-1986 ) . r. meneghini , l. messa , and l. ungaro , il foro di traiano ( rome : fratelli palombi , 1990 ) . r. meneghini , il foro e i mercati di traiano : roma ( rome : istituto poligrafico e zecca dello stato , 1995 ) . j. e. packer , k. l. sarring , and r. m. sheldon , “ a n... | was it a place where people of rome get their food , tools , and stuff that they want ? |
the rules the romanesque abbey of fontenay ( abbaye de fontenay ) is located in burgundy , france and stands today as a prime architectural example of the cistercian order . who are the cistercians , you ask ? the cistercian were ( and still are ) monks that broke away from the mainstream benedictines ( specifically th... | the rules the romanesque abbey of fontenay ( abbaye de fontenay ) is located in burgundy , france and stands today as a prime architectural example of the cistercian order . who are the cistercians , you ask ? the cistercian were ( and still are ) monks that broke away from the mainstream benedictines ( specifically th... | are the cistercians a functional order today ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | remember we have to switch the sign for the bond enthalpy values to find the energy released when the bond forms . step 4 . add up the bond enthalpy values for the formed product bonds . | in step 4 , why is it required to add the c-c bond enthalpy ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | we will discuss this method in more detail in the remainder of this article . bond enthalpy bond enthalpy ( which is also known as bond-dissociation enthalpy , average bond energy , or bond strength ) describes the amount of energy stored in a bond between atoms in a molecule . specifically , it 's the energy that need... | or does the double-bond enthalpy account for both bonds instead of just the pi bond that is destroyed ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | we will discuss this method in more detail in the remainder of this article . bond enthalpy bond enthalpy ( which is also known as bond-dissociation enthalpy , average bond energy , or bond strength ) describes the amount of energy stored in a bond between atoms in a molecule . specifically , it 's the energy that need... | hi , may i ask what is the difference between enthalpy change of formation and enthalpy change of bond forming ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | we will discuss this method in more detail in the remainder of this article . bond enthalpy bond enthalpy ( which is also known as bond-dissociation enthalpy , average bond energy , or bond strength ) describes the amount of energy stored in a bond between atoms in a molecule . specifically , it 's the energy that need... | the definition for bond enthalpy is the energy required to break 1 mole of bonds in gaseous covalent molecules under standard conditions ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | these values describe the change in enthalpy to form a compound from its constituent elements . subtracting the standard enthalpies of formation for the reactants from the standard enthalpies of the products approximates the enthalpy of reaction for the system . to learn more about enthalpies of formation ( which are a... | what are the standard conditions ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | the result is a change to the potential energy of the system . the heat absorbed or released from a system under constant pressure is known as enthalpy , and the change in enthalpy that results from a chemical reaction is the enthalpy of reaction . the enthalpy of reaction is often written as $ \delta\text h_ { \text {... | high temperatures and low pressure ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | we will discuss this method in more detail in the remainder of this article . bond enthalpy bond enthalpy ( which is also known as bond-dissociation enthalpy , average bond energy , or bond strength ) describes the amount of energy stored in a bond between atoms in a molecule . specifically , it 's the energy that need... | in step 1 of the example , why would the carbon = carbon bond need to be broken if the resultant has a carbon - carbon bond ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | using a reference table , we find that the $ \text { c } =\text { c } $ bond enthalpy is $ 610\ , \text { kj/mol } $ , and the $ \text { h } -\text { h } $ bond enthalpy is $ 436\ , \text { kj/mol } $ . step 2 : find total energy to break bonds combining the values from step 1 gives us : $ \greend { \text { energy adde... | would n't just one of those bonds need to break ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | summary bond enthalpy and enthalpy of reaction help us understand how a chemical system uses energy during reactions . the bond enthalpy describes how much energy is needed to break or form a bond , and it is also a measure of bond strength . by combining the bond enthalpy values for all of the bonds broken and formed ... | how to identify which carbon bond will break on reactant side and which carbon will form bond .is it just the carbon with more bonds will break but how could we identify with which carbon bond will form on product ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . | why is energy released when making bonds and energy absorbed when breaking bonds ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | this means that if there are multiples of the same bond breaking or forming in a reaction , you will need to multiply the bond enthalpy in your calculation by how many of that type of bond you have in the reaction . this also means it 's important to make sure the equation is balanced and that the coefficients are writ... | `` written as the smallest possible integer values so the correct number of each bond is used '' is this just for simplicity and convenience ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | we will discuss this method in more detail in the remainder of this article . bond enthalpy bond enthalpy ( which is also known as bond-dissociation enthalpy , average bond energy , or bond strength ) describes the amount of energy stored in a bond between atoms in a molecule . specifically , it 's the energy that need... | is the mean bond enthalpy always positive ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | we will discuss this method in more detail in the remainder of this article . bond enthalpy bond enthalpy ( which is also known as bond-dissociation enthalpy , average bond energy , or bond strength ) describes the amount of energy stored in a bond between atoms in a molecule . specifically , it 's the energy that need... | and is the bond enthalpy also always positive ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | to make the product propane , a new $ \purplec { \text { c-c } } $ bond and two new $ \purplec { \text { c-h } } $ bonds are then formed . since breaking bonds requires adding energy , the opposite process of forming new bonds always releases energy . the stronger the bond formed , the more energy is released during th... | why is that we release energy when forming bonds ? |
energy in chemical bonds chemical bonds represent potential energy . quantifying the energy represented by the bonds in different molecules is an important part of understanding the overall energy implications of a reaction . in this article , we 'll explore two different concepts that help describe that energy : entha... | combining these values , we get for the enthalpy of reaction : $ \begin { align } \delta\text h_ { \text { rxn } } & amp ; =\text { energy added to break reactant bonds } +\text { energy released when making product bonds } \ \ & amp ; =1046\ , \text { kj/mol } + ( -1172\ , \text { kj/mol } ) \ \ & amp ; =-126\ , \text... | what is standard enthalpy of neutralization ? |
key points : prokaryotes ( bacteria and archaea ) reproduce asexually through binary fission . most prokaryotes reproduce rapidly . due to their fast growth and simple genetics , e. coli bacteria are widely used in molecular biology . in the laboratory , a gene can be transferred into e. coli bacteria on a small , circ... | introduction let 's say you have one bacterium . how can you get more identical bacteria ? how quickly can you get them ? | are plasmids something that humans create and they give them to bacteria ? |
key points : prokaryotes ( bacteria and archaea ) reproduce asexually through binary fission . most prokaryotes reproduce rapidly . due to their fast growth and simple genetics , e. coli bacteria are widely used in molecular biology . in the laboratory , a gene can be transferred into e. coli bacteria on a small , circ... | if the goal is to use the bacteria to synthesize protein from the gene , the plasmid will also contain a promoter , or control sequence , that allows the target gene to be expressed in bacteria ( green dna above ) . when copies of the plasmid are mixed with e. coli cells and the cells are heat-shocked ( exposed briefly... | can pcr amplify prokaryotic cells ? |
key points : prokaryotes ( bacteria and archaea ) reproduce asexually through binary fission . most prokaryotes reproduce rapidly . due to their fast growth and simple genetics , e. coli bacteria are widely used in molecular biology . in the laboratory , a gene can be transferred into e. coli bacteria on a small , circ... | how quickly can you get them ? and , most importantly , why on earth would you want a whole bunch of identical bacteria ? let 's fast-forward to that last question : some bacteria , most notably escherichia coli ( e.coli ) , are widely used in molecular biology labs . there , they serve as little `` factories '' that c... | would e. coli be a gram negative bacteria or gram positive ? |
key points : prokaryotes ( bacteria and archaea ) reproduce asexually through binary fission . most prokaryotes reproduce rapidly . due to their fast growth and simple genetics , e. coli bacteria are widely used in molecular biology . in the laboratory , a gene can be transferred into e. coli bacteria on a small , circ... | steps of transformation in a typical transformation experiment , the target gene ( blue dna above ) is first inserted into a plasmid . in addition to the target gene , the plasmid also contains a gene that provides resistance to a particular antibiotic ( red dna above ) . if the goal is to use the bacteria to synthesiz... | can someone explain about the antibiotic resistance gene ? |
key points : prokaryotes ( bacteria and archaea ) reproduce asexually through binary fission . most prokaryotes reproduce rapidly . due to their fast growth and simple genetics , e. coli bacteria are widely used in molecular biology . in the laboratory , a gene can be transferred into e. coli bacteria on a small , circ... | if the goal is to use the bacteria to synthesize protein from the gene , the plasmid will also contain a promoter , or control sequence , that allows the target gene to be expressed in bacteria ( green dna above ) . when copies of the plasmid are mixed with e. coli cells and the cells are heat-shocked ( exposed briefly... | why does a heat shock trigger the bacterium to take the plasmid ? |
key points : prokaryotes ( bacteria and archaea ) reproduce asexually through binary fission . most prokaryotes reproduce rapidly . due to their fast growth and simple genetics , e. coli bacteria are widely used in molecular biology . in the laboratory , a gene can be transferred into e. coli bacteria on a small , circ... | if the goal is to use the bacteria to synthesize protein from the gene , the plasmid will also contain a promoter , or control sequence , that allows the target gene to be expressed in bacteria ( green dna above ) . when copies of the plasmid are mixed with e. coli cells and the cells are heat-shocked ( exposed briefly... | how does a bacterium take up the plasmid ? |
key points : prokaryotes ( bacteria and archaea ) reproduce asexually through binary fission . most prokaryotes reproduce rapidly . due to their fast growth and simple genetics , e. coli bacteria are widely used in molecular biology . in the laboratory , a gene can be transferred into e. coli bacteria on a small , circ... | introduction let 's say you have one bacterium . how can you get more identical bacteria ? how quickly can you get them ? | and what are some possible causes of bacteria not taking them ? |
key points : prokaryotes ( bacteria and archaea ) reproduce asexually through binary fission . most prokaryotes reproduce rapidly . due to their fast growth and simple genetics , e. coli bacteria are widely used in molecular biology . in the laboratory , a gene can be transferred into e. coli bacteria on a small , circ... | steps of transformation in a typical transformation experiment , the target gene ( blue dna above ) is first inserted into a plasmid . in addition to the target gene , the plasmid also contains a gene that provides resistance to a particular antibiotic ( red dna above ) . if the goal is to use the bacteria to synthesiz... | could this in theory , mean that the insulin produced carry a gene thats resistant to a particular antibiotic ? |
background ( ordinary ) derivatives multivariable functions graphs of multivariable function what we 're building to for a multivariable function , like $ f ( x , y ) = x^2y $ , computing partial derivatives looks something like this : $ \begin { align } \dfrac { \partial f } { \bluee { \partial x } } & amp ; = ! ! ! !... | for example , when you apply it to the graph of $ f $ , you can interpret this `` ratio '' $ \dfrac { df } { dx } $ as the rise-over-run slope of the graph of $ f $ , which depends on the point where you started . how does this work for multivariable functions ? consider some function with a two-dimensional input and a... | why there is no a mission in multivariable funtions ? |
background ( ordinary ) derivatives multivariable functions graphs of multivariable function what we 're building to for a multivariable function , like $ f ( x , y ) = x^2y $ , computing partial derivatives looks something like this : $ \begin { align } \dfrac { \partial f } { \bluee { \partial x } } & amp ; = ! ! ! !... | for example , when you apply it to the graph of $ f $ , you can interpret this `` ratio '' $ \dfrac { df } { dx } $ as the rise-over-run slope of the graph of $ f $ , which depends on the point where you started . how does this work for multivariable functions ? consider some function with a two-dimensional input and a... | is there a way to find points of maxima and minima of multivariable functions without plotting their graphs ? |
background ( ordinary ) derivatives multivariable functions graphs of multivariable function what we 're building to for a multivariable function , like $ f ( x , y ) = x^2y $ , computing partial derivatives looks something like this : $ \begin { align } \dfrac { \partial f } { \bluee { \partial x } } & amp ; = ! ! ! !... | what does it look like for $ h \to 0 $ ? summary for a multivariable function , like $ f ( x , y ) = x^2y $ , computing partial derivatives looks something like this : $ \begin { align } \dfrac { \partial f } { \bluee { \partial x } } & amp ; = ! ! ! ! ! \underbrace { \dfrac { \partial } { \bluee { \partial x } } \blue... | how do i apply this to find the partial derivative to a^x^x , i end up with ln ( a ) * ( 1+ln ( x ) ) when the answer is suppose to be ( x^x ) * ( a^x^x ) *ln ( a ) * ( 1+ln ( x ) ) , what have i missed ? |
introduction we sometimes talk about fat as if it were a malevolent substance bent on our dietary destruction . in reality , fats are elegant little molecules , each one made of three long hydrocarbon tails attached to a little coathanger-like molecule called glycerol . like the other large biological molecules , they ... | this makes it hard for fat molecules with one or more cis-unsaturated fatty acid tails to pack tightly . so , fats with unsaturated tails tend to be liquid at room temperature ( have a relatively low melting point ) – they are what we commonly call oils . for instance , olive oil is mostly made up of unsaturated fats $... | what are the main roles of unsaturated fats and saturated fats in our body ? |
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