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introduction gregor mendel knew how to keep things simple . in mendel 's work on pea plants , each gene came in just two different versions , or alleles , and these alleles had a nice , clear-cut dominance relationship ( with the dominant allele fully overriding the recessive allele to determine the plant 's appearance... | in these cases , an organism 's genotype , or set of alleles , still determines its phenotype , or observable features . however , a variety of alleles may interact with one another in different ways to specify phenotype . as a side note , we 're probably lucky that mendel 's pea genes did n't show these complexities . | do heterozygous genotypes always share the trait of one of the alleles ? |
introduction gregor mendel knew how to keep things simple . in mendel 's work on pea plants , each gene came in just two different versions , or alleles , and these alleles had a nice , clear-cut dominance relationship ( with the dominant allele fully overriding the recessive allele to determine the plant 's appearance... | a $ c^hc^h $ rabbit has himalayan ( color-point ) patterning , with a white body and dark ears , face , feet , and tail a $ cc $ rabbit is albino , with a pure white coat . multiple alleles makes for many possible dominance relationships . in this case , the black $ c $ allele is completely dominant to all the others ;... | how do you know which alleles are dominant over others and which are dominated or not dominant over others ? |
introduction gregor mendel knew how to keep things simple . in mendel 's work on pea plants , each gene came in just two different versions , or alleles , and these alleles had a nice , clear-cut dominance relationship ( with the dominant allele fully overriding the recessive allele to determine the plant 's appearance... | however , heterozygotes ( $ l^ml^n $ ) have both types of markers in equal numbers on the cell surface . as for incomplete dominance , we can still use mendel 's rules to predict inheritance of codominant alleles . for example , if two people with $ l^ml^n $ genotypes had children , we would expect to see m , mn , and ... | why does n't mendelian inheritance apply to the inheritance of alleles that result in incomplete dominance and codominant ? |
introduction gregor mendel knew how to keep things simple . in mendel 's work on pea plants , each gene came in just two different versions , or alleles , and these alleles had a nice , clear-cut dominance relationship ( with the dominant allele fully overriding the recessive allele to determine the plant 's appearance... | for example , self-fertilization of a pink plant would produce a genotype ratio of $ 1 $ $ c^rc^r $ $ : $ $ 2 $ $ c^rc^w $ $ : $ $ 1 $ $ c^wc^w $ and a phenotype ratio of $ 1:2:1 $ red : pink : white . alleles are still inherited according to mendel 's basic rules , even when they show incomplete dominance . codominanc... | but when do we consider the white color of a plant as a recessive trait ( and thus mating occurs according to mendel 's law ) and when does it blend with the red color and the mating then follows the rule or category of incomplete dominance ? |
introduction gregor mendel knew how to keep things simple . in mendel 's work on pea plants , each gene came in just two different versions , or alleles , and these alleles had a nice , clear-cut dominance relationship ( with the dominant allele fully overriding the recessive allele to determine the plant 's appearance... | alleles are still inherited according to mendel 's basic rules , even when they show incomplete dominance . codominance closely related to incomplete dominance is codominance , in which both alleles are simultaneously expressed in the heterozygote . we can see an example of codominance in the mn blood groups of humans ... | what is the defining feature of codominance ? |
introduction gregor mendel knew how to keep things simple . in mendel 's work on pea plants , each gene came in just two different versions , or alleles , and these alleles had a nice , clear-cut dominance relationship ( with the dominant allele fully overriding the recessive allele to determine the plant 's appearance... | introduction gregor mendel knew how to keep things simple . in mendel 's work on pea plants , each gene came in just two different versions , or alleles , and these alleles had a nice , clear-cut dominance relationship ( with the dominant allele fully overriding the recessive allele to determine the plant 's appearance... | is it that there needs to be a third allele so one could say that two dominant alleles are codominant over a single recessive allele ? |
introduction gregor mendel knew how to keep things simple . in mendel 's work on pea plants , each gene came in just two different versions , or alleles , and these alleles had a nice , clear-cut dominance relationship ( with the dominant allele fully overriding the recessive allele to determine the plant 's appearance... | however , heterozygotes ( $ l^ml^n $ ) have both types of markers in equal numbers on the cell surface . as for incomplete dominance , we can still use mendel 's rules to predict inheritance of codominant alleles . for example , if two people with $ l^ml^n $ genotypes had children , we would expect to see m , mn , and ... | which inheritance does incomplete dominance follow , qualitive or quantitive ... ? |
introduction gregor mendel knew how to keep things simple . in mendel 's work on pea plants , each gene came in just two different versions , or alleles , and these alleles had a nice , clear-cut dominance relationship ( with the dominant allele fully overriding the recessive allele to determine the plant 's appearance... | if they had , it ’ s possible that mendel would not have understood his results , and would n't have figured out the core principles of inheritance—which are key in helping us understand the special cases ! incomplete dominance mendel ’ s results were groundbreaking partly because they contradicted the ( then-popular )... | what are the 7 traits that are examples of incomplete dominance ? |
introduction gregor mendel knew how to keep things simple . in mendel 's work on pea plants , each gene came in just two different versions , or alleles , and these alleles had a nice , clear-cut dominance relationship ( with the dominant allele fully overriding the recessive allele to determine the plant 's appearance... | codominance closely related to incomplete dominance is codominance , in which both alleles are simultaneously expressed in the heterozygote . we can see an example of codominance in the mn blood groups of humans ( less famous than the abo blood groups , but still important ! ) . a person 's mn blood type is determined ... | people with blood group ab possess which kind of antibodies ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | as we will see below , the periodic table organizes elements in a way that reflects their number and pattern of electrons , which makes it useful for predicting the reactivity of an element : how likely it is to form bonds , and with which other elements . electron shells and the bohr model an early model of the atom w... | if the bohr model is an inaccurate representation of electron 's movement , why is it so universally accepted ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the periodic table , how atoms organize their electrons , and how this allows us to predict the reactivity of elements . the periodic table by convention , elements are organized in the periodic table , a structure that captures important patterns in their behavior . dev... | why is the table in a specific shape ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | this is why third-row elements , such as argon , can be stable with just eight valence electrons : their $ s $ and $ p $ subshells are filled , even though the entire 3n shell is not . while electron shells and orbitals are closely related , orbitals provide a more accurate picture of the electron configuration of an a... | would it be possible to get a diagram of the shell 's 3d shape as displayed in the `` more on orbitals and electron configuration '' video ( @ ~5 ) on this document ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in general , atoms are most stable , least reactive , when their outermost electron shell is full . most of the elements important in biology need eight electrons in their outermost shell in order to be stable , and this rule of thumb is known as the octet rule . some atoms can be stable with an octet even though their... | how can you actually define the octet rule ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | we can break each electron shell down into one or more subshells , which are simply sets of one or more orbitals . subshells are designated by the letters $ s $ , $ p $ , $ d $ , and $ f $ , and each letter indicates a different shape . for instance , $ s $ subshells have a single , spherical orbital , while $ p $ subs... | is the elctron subshell the s , p , d and f orbitals ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | this is why third-row elements , such as argon , can be stable with just eight valence electrons : their $ s $ and $ p $ subshells are filled , even though the entire 3n shell is not . while electron shells and orbitals are closely related , orbitals provide a more accurate picture of the electron configuration of an a... | and is it a probability function describing where an electron is likely to be ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | subshells $ d $ and $ f $ have more complex shapes and contain five and seven orbitals , respectively . the first electron shell , 1n , corresponds to a single $ 1s $ orbital . the $ 1s $ orbital is the closest orbital to the nucleus , and it fills with electrons first , before any other orbital . | what 's the difference between an electron shell and subshell ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | electron configurations and the periodic table elements are placed in order on the periodic table based on their atomic number , how many protons they have . in a neutral atom , the number of electrons will equal the number of protons , so we can easily determine electron number from atomic number . in addition , the p... | how can you determine the number of outer shell electrons based on the full electron configuration ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the number of electrons in the outermost shell of a particular atom determines its reactivity , or tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms . this outermost shell is known as the valence shell , and the electrons found in it are called valence electrons . in general , atoms are most stable , least reactive , wh... | in the second last paragraph , i do n't really get why because of the d subshell having more energy , argon is stable with 8 valence electrons ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | we can break each electron shell down into one or more subshells , which are simply sets of one or more orbitals . subshells are designated by the letters $ s $ , $ p $ , $ d $ , and $ f $ , and each letter indicates a different shape . for instance , $ s $ subshells have a single , spherical orbital , while $ p $ subs... | why do the sub-shells ( s , p , d ) have different shapes ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | because its 2n shell is filled , it is energetically stable as a single atom and will rarely form chemical bonds with other atoms . the third electron shell , 3n , also contains an $ s $ orbital and three $ p $ orbitals , and the third-row elements of the periodic table place their electrons in these orbitals , much as... | are the p-orbitals in the 2n or 3n shells distinguishable , and if so , in what way ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | thus , group number is a good predictor of how reactive each element will be : helium ( $ \text { he } $ ) , neon ( $ \text { ne } $ ) , and argon ( $ \text { ar } $ ) , as group 18 elements , have outer electron shells that are full or satisfy the octet rule . this makes them highly stable as single atoms . because of... | do we have microscopes powerful enough to view atoms and observe this behavior or is there some other method ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | subshells $ d $ and $ f $ have more complex shapes and contain five and seven orbitals , respectively . the first electron shell , 1n , corresponds to a single $ 1s $ orbital . the $ 1s $ orbital is the closest orbital to the nucleus , and it fills with electrons first , before any other orbital . hydrogen has just one... | in it 's first orbital , 8 in it 's second , and 18 in it 's third , what happens if you have an atom that has more than 2+8+18 electrons ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | this can be written out in a shorthand form called an electron configuration as $ 1s^ 1 $ , where the superscripted 1 refers to the one electron in the $ 1s $ orbital . helium has two electrons , so it can completely fill the $ 1s $ orbital with its two electrons . this is written out as $ 1s^ 2 $ , referring to the tw... | so does the electrons fill the 4s before 3d as 4s has less energy than 3d ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | this is why third-row elements , such as argon , can be stable with just eight valence electrons : their $ s $ and $ p $ subshells are filled , even though the entire 3n shell is not . while electron shells and orbitals are closely related , orbitals provide a more accurate picture of the electron configuration of an a... | who appropriated the accurate structure of the atom ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | this is why third-row elements , such as argon , can be stable with just eight valence electrons : their $ s $ and $ p $ subshells are filled , even though the entire 3n shell is not . while electron shells and orbitals are closely related , orbitals provide a more accurate picture of the electron configuration of an a... | who invented the electron shells or orbitals ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the periodic table , how atoms organize their electrons , and how this allows us to predict the reactivity of elements . the periodic table by convention , elements are organized in the periodic table , a structure that captures important patterns in their behavior . dev... | why are elements 57-79 and 89-103 written separately in the periodic table ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the bohr model shows the atom as a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons , with the electrons in circular electron shells at specific distances from the nucleus , similar to planets orbiting around the sun . each electron shell has a different energy level , with those shells closest to the nucleus being lowe... | if an electron can wander so far away from the nucleus just because of a small blast of light waves , if a strong blast of energy hits an electron can it `` escape '' the atom entirely ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | hydrogen and helium are the only two elements that have electrons exclusively in the $ 1s $ orbital in their neutral , non-charged , state . the second electron shell , 2n , contains another spherical $ s $ orbital plus three dumbbell-shaped $ p $ orbitals , each of which can hold two electrons . after the $ 1s $ orbit... | if electrons 'fill ' from the inside out , why are `` d '' orbitals not filled before s & p ( when looking at rows four and on ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | neon ( $ \text { ne } $ ) , on the other hand , has a total of ten electrons : two are in its innermost $ 1s $ orbital and eight fill the second shell—two each in the $ 2s $ and three $ p $ orbitals , $ 1s^ 2 $ $ 2s^ 2 $ $ 2p^6 $ . because its 2n shell is filled , it is energetically stable as a single atom and will ra... | for example : why is 4s & 4p filled before 3d ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in order to move between shells , an electron must absorb or release an amount of energy corresponding exactly to the difference in energy between the shells . for instance , if an electron absorbs energy from a photon , it may become excited and move to a higher-energy shell ; conversely , when an excited electron dro... | so should n't 4s/4p have higher energy than 3d ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in order to move between shells , an electron must absorb or release an amount of energy corresponding exactly to the difference in energy between the shells . for instance , if an electron absorbs energy from a photon , it may become excited and move to a higher-energy shell ; conversely , when an excited electron dro... | so is the 3d shell higher in energy than the 4s shell ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the periodic table , how atoms organize their electrons , and how this allows us to predict the reactivity of elements . the periodic table by convention , elements are organized in the periodic table , a structure that captures important patterns in their behavior . dev... | i was wondering - how do the rows/periods of the periodic table relate to orbit being filled ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | we can break each electron shell down into one or more subshells , which are simply sets of one or more orbitals . subshells are designated by the letters $ s $ , $ p $ , $ d $ , and $ f $ , and each letter indicates a different shape . for instance , $ s $ subshells have a single , spherical orbital , while $ p $ subs... | sal says p sub z is up and down , while p sub y is forward in backwards , but this article says that p sub z is forward and backward while p sub y is up and down , which would make a little more sense because it fits in with graphing in math , but which one is correct ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the periodic table , how atoms organize their electrons , and how this allows us to predict the reactivity of elements . the periodic table by convention , elements are organized in the periodic table , a structure that captures important patterns in their behavior . dev... | what is a quick way to learn the materials on the periodic table ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | most of organic chemistry—the chemistry of carbon-containing compounds , which are central to biology—involves interactions between electrons in $ s $ and $ p $ subshells , so these are the most important subshell types to be familiar with . however , atoms with many electrons may place some of their electrons in $ d $... | can a hydrogen atom have no electrons ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | hydrogen and helium are the only two elements that have electrons exclusively in the $ 1s $ orbital in their neutral , non-charged , state . the second electron shell , 2n , contains another spherical $ s $ orbital plus three dumbbell-shaped $ p $ orbitals , each of which can hold two electrons . after the $ 1s $ orbit... | does anyone know why p shell only have 3 orbitals but 6 electrons ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | specifically , electrons don ’ t really circle the nucleus , but rather spend most of their time in sometimes-complex-shaped regions of space around the nucleus , known as electron orbitals . we can ’ t actually know where an electron is at any given moment in time , but we can mathematically determine the volume of sp... | why ca n't we know exactly where an electron is at any given time ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the number of electrons in the outermost shell of a particular atom determines its reactivity , or tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms . this outermost shell is known as the valence shell , and the electrons found in it are called valence electrons . in general , atoms are most stable , least reactive , wh... | is there any way to mathematically find out how a shell / sub shell will fill up ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the periodic table , how atoms organize their electrons , and how this allows us to predict the reactivity of elements . the periodic table by convention , elements are organized in the periodic table , a structure that captures important patterns in their behavior . dev... | why is the table in a specific shape ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | atoms , like other things governed by the laws of physics , tend to take on the lowest-energy , most stable configuration they can . thus , the electron shells of an atom are populated from the inside out , with electrons filling up the low-energy shells closer to the nucleus before they move into the higher-energy she... | how many shells can an atom have ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | if we consider just the first three rows of the table , which include the major elements important to life , each row corresponds to the filling of a different electron shell : helium and hydrogen place their electrons in the 1n shell , while second-row elements like li start filling the 2n shell , and third-row elemen... | could someone give me an example of how an element in th `` b '' column is written ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in addition , the position of an element in the periodic table—its column , or group , and row , or period—provides useful information about how those electrons are arranged . if we consider just the first three rows of the table , which include the major elements important to life , each row corresponds to the filling... | how does filling the d shell work ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | this outermost shell is known as the valence shell , and the electrons found in it are called valence electrons . in general , atoms are most stable , least reactive , when their outermost electron shell is full . most of the elements important in biology need eight electrons in their outermost shell in order to be sta... | are elements constantly looking to be stable ( have a full outer shell ) ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | on the periodic table , hydrogen and helium are the only two elements in the first row , or period , which reflects that they only have electrons in their first shell . hydrogen and helium are the only two elements that have electrons exclusively in the $ 1s $ orbital in their neutral , non-charged , state . the second... | how the tendencies of metal and non metallic elements of the third peeriod , was shown by the arrows to illustrate the increase direction of the metal and non metal ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | electron configurations and the periodic table elements are placed in order on the periodic table based on their atomic number , how many protons they have . in a neutral atom , the number of electrons will equal the number of protons , so we can easily determine electron number from atomic number . in addition , the p... | how would we come to know number of elements in an period easily ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the periodic table , how atoms organize their electrons , and how this allows us to predict the reactivity of elements . the periodic table by convention , elements are organized in the periodic table , a structure that captures important patterns in their behavior . dev... | why is the table in a specific shape ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the position of each element in the table gives important information about its structure , properties , and behavior in chemical reactions . specifically , an element ’ s position in the periodic table helps you figure out its electron configuration , how the electrons are organized around the nucleus . atoms use thei... | how can we know the electron configuration of an element if we do n't know the element but know something like its frequency ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the first electron shell , 1n , corresponds to a single $ 1s $ orbital . the $ 1s $ orbital is the closest orbital to the nucleus , and it fills with electrons first , before any other orbital . hydrogen has just one electron , so it has a single spot in the $ 1s $ orbital occupied . | if the orbital notation is 4p ( ) ( ) ( ) are there any electrons in the blank orbitals or do you count them as zeros ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | because its 2n shell is filled , it is energetically stable as a single atom and will rarely form chemical bonds with other atoms . the third electron shell , 3n , also contains an $ s $ orbital and three $ p $ orbitals , and the third-row elements of the periodic table place their electrons in these orbitals , much as... | also , is the number of electrons that a shell ( orbital ) can contain different in different elements ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the periodic table , how atoms organize their electrons , and how this allows us to predict the reactivity of elements . the periodic table by convention , elements are organized in the periodic table , a structure that captures important patterns in their behavior . dev... | why are the lanthanides and actinides under the rest of the periodic table ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | these electron configurations make helium and neon very stable . although argon does not technically have a full outer shell , since the 3n shell can hold up to eighteen electrons , it is stable like neon and helium because it has eight electrons in the 3n shell and thus satisfies the octet rule . in contrast , chlorin... | i do n't understand why , electrons in the 3n shell can not fit in d orbital ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | looking at hydrogen , for example , its symbol , $ \text { h , } $ and name appear , as well as its atomic number of one—in the upper left-hand corner—and its relative atomic mass of 1.01 . differences in chemical reactivity between elements are based on the number and spatial distribution of their electrons . if two a... | what does `` spatial distribution of their electrons '' mean ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | similarly , neon has a complete outer 2n shell containing eight electrons . these electron configurations make helium and neon very stable . although argon does not technically have a full outer shell , since the 3n shell can hold up to eighteen electrons , it is stable like neon and helium because it has eight electro... | can two neon atoms come together and make a molecule ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | thus , the electron shells of an atom are populated from the inside out , with electrons filling up the low-energy shells closer to the nucleus before they move into the higher-energy shells further out . the shell closest to the nucleus , 1n , can hold two electrons , while the next shell , 2n , can hold eight , and t... | how would i know how many electrons each shell or orbital around an atom can hold ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | similarly , neon has a complete outer 2n shell containing eight electrons . these electron configurations make helium and neon very stable . although argon does not technically have a full outer shell , since the 3n shell can hold up to eighteen electrons , it is stable like neon and helium because it has eight electro... | in so4 , why does sulphur make 3 extra covalent bonds ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | helium has two electrons , so it can completely fill the $ 1s $ orbital with its two electrons . this is written out as $ 1s^ 2 $ , referring to the two electrons of helium in the $ 1s $ orbital . on the periodic table , hydrogen and helium are the only two elements in the first row , or period , which reflects that th... | i chose a random line with this this is written out as 1s^ 21s 2 1 , s , start superscript , 2 , end superscript , referring to the two electrons why s ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | similarly , neon has a complete outer 2n shell containing eight electrons . these electron configurations make helium and neon very stable . although argon does not technically have a full outer shell , since the 3n shell can hold up to eighteen electrons , it is stable like neon and helium because it has eight electro... | how do you figure out the electron configurations for lead ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the number of electrons in the outermost shell of a particular atom determines its reactivity , or tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms . this outermost shell is known as the valence shell , and the electrons found in it are called valence electrons . in general , atoms are most stable , least reactive , wh... | how many electrons can fit in each shell ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . | why does nitrogen have greater 1st ionization potential than oxygen ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | atoms , like other things governed by the laws of physics , tend to take on the lowest-energy , most stable configuration they can . thus , the electron shells of an atom are populated from the inside out , with electrons filling up the low-energy shells closer to the nucleus before they move into the higher-energy she... | what shells do the transitional metals in the middle row have ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the bohr model shows the atom as a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons , with the electrons in circular electron shells at specific distances from the nucleus , similar to planets orbiting around the sun . each electron shell has a different energy level , with those shells closest to the nucleus being lowe... | when we say the closest orbital to the nucleus has low energy levels compared to an orbital farther away from the nucleus , what energy are we talking about ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in general , the number of valence electrons is the same within a column and increases from left to right within a row . group 1 elements have just one valence electron and group 18 elements have eight , except for helium , which has only two electrons total . thus , group number is a good predictor of how reactive eac... | if the 1a group tend to throw one electron away and the 7a group tend to pick up one electron , then why ca n't they just become ion ( na+ , cl- ) , why do they need to become molecule ( nacl ) ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the first electron shell , 1n , corresponds to a single $ 1s $ orbital . the $ 1s $ orbital is the closest orbital to the nucleus , and it fills with electrons first , before any other orbital . hydrogen has just one electron , so it has a single spot in the $ 1s $ orbital occupied . | how many orbital shells exist ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | so , how do these mathematically defined orbitals fit in with the electron shells we saw in the bohr model ? we can break each electron shell down into one or more subshells , which are simply sets of one or more orbitals . subshells are designated by the letters $ s $ , $ p $ , $ d $ , and $ f $ , and each letter indi... | can the electrons of one shell `` jump '' to another one close to it , but still keeping the configuration ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | each electron shell has a different energy level , with those shells closest to the nucleus being lower in energy than those farther from the nucleus . by convention , each shell is assigned a number and the symbol n—for example , the electron shell closest to the nucleus is called 1n . in order to move between shells ... | for example swap or jump from the 2p6 ( x axis ) dumpbell to the 2s2 shell ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | subshells and orbitals the bohr model is useful to explain the reactivity and chemical bonding of many elements , but it actually doesn ’ t give a very accurate description of how electrons are distributed in space around the nucleus . specifically , electrons don ’ t really circle the nucleus , but rather spend most o... | how is even possible for the electrons to move in such strange patterns and dont `` fly '' away from the nucleus ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the number of electrons in the outermost shell of a particular atom determines its reactivity , or tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms . this outermost shell is known as the valence shell , and the electrons found in it are called valence electrons . in general , atoms are most stable , least reactive , wh... | are n't all elements supposed to have 8 valence electrons ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | these properties determine an element ’ s physical state at room temperature—gas , solid , or liquid ) —as well as its chemical reactivity , the ability to form chemical bonds with other atoms . in addition to listing the atomic number for each element , the periodic table also displays the element ’ s relative atomic ... | in the description above , why mass of the hydrogen is give as `` relative atomic mass '' ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in general , atoms are most stable , least reactive , when their outermost electron shell is full . most of the elements important in biology need eight electrons in their outermost shell in order to be stable , and this rule of thumb is known as the octet rule . some atoms can be stable with an octet even though their... | how is the octet rule significant ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | as we will see below , the periodic table organizes elements in a way that reflects their number and pattern of electrons , which makes it useful for predicting the reactivity of an element : how likely it is to form bonds , and with which other elements . electron shells and the bohr model an early model of the atom w... | can there be five electron shells in the atomic model , or is it just the old atomic model ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | thus , group number is a good predictor of how reactive each element will be : helium ( $ \text { he } $ ) , neon ( $ \text { ne } $ ) , and argon ( $ \text { ar } $ ) , as group 18 elements , have outer electron shells that are full or satisfy the octet rule . this makes them highly stable as single atoms . because of... | how could people see atoms ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | carbon ( $ \text { c } $ ) , as a group 14 element , has four electrons in its outer shell . carbon typically shares electrons to achieve a complete valence shell , forming bonds with multiple other atoms . thus , the columns of the periodic table reflect the number of electrons found in each element ’ s valence shell ... | what are covalent and ionic bonds ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the number of electrons in the outermost shell of a particular atom determines its reactivity , or tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms . this outermost shell is known as the valence shell , and the electrons found in it are called valence electrons . in general , atoms are most stable , least reactive , wh... | considering the quantum mechanical model , what is the difference in energy 's of the valence electrons of calcium and barium ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | as we will see below , the periodic table organizes elements in a way that reflects their number and pattern of electrons , which makes it useful for predicting the reactivity of an element : how likely it is to form bonds , and with which other elements . electron shells and the bohr model an early model of the atom w... | if the bohr model is an inaccurate representation of electron 's movement , why is it so universally accepted ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | devised by russian chemist dmitri mendeleev ( 1834–1907 ) in 1869 , the table places elements into columns—groups—and rows—periods—that share certain properties . these properties determine an element ’ s physical state at room temperature—gas , solid , or liquid ) —as well as its chemical reactivity , the ability to f... | how do the properties helps to determine the physical state of an element ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | by convention , each shell is assigned a number and the symbol n—for example , the electron shell closest to the nucleus is called 1n . in order to move between shells , an electron must absorb or release an amount of energy corresponding exactly to the difference in energy between the shells . for instance , if an ele... | how do elements achieve their goal of gaining full outer energy shells ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . | does it always have to be 3 lines or can there be more ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | most of organic chemistry—the chemistry of carbon-containing compounds , which are central to biology—involves interactions between electrons in $ s $ and $ p $ subshells , so these are the most important subshell types to be familiar with . however , atoms with many electrons may place some of their electrons in $ d $... | what is an electrons subshell ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | this is why third-row elements , such as argon , can be stable with just eight valence electrons : their $ s $ and $ p $ subshells are filled , even though the entire 3n shell is not . while electron shells and orbitals are closely related , orbitals provide a more accurate picture of the electron configuration of an a... | what is the difference between electron orbitals and shell ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | electron configurations and the periodic table elements are placed in order on the periodic table based on their atomic number , how many protons they have . in a neutral atom , the number of electrons will equal the number of protons , so we can easily determine electron number from atomic number . in addition , the p... | is an atom only considered full if it is occupied by 8 electrons..in many examples the slot 2s2 ( 2 being the max number ) is seen as valence meaning it is not filled ... but it is filled because it can only fit two ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the number of electrons in the outermost shell of a particular atom determines its reactivity , or tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms . this outermost shell is known as the valence shell , and the electrons found in it are called valence electrons . in general , atoms are most stable , least reactive , wh... | why does la have 2 valence electrons ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | these patterns do not fill the outermost shell or satisfy the octet rule , making chlorine and sodium reactive , eager to gain or lose electrons to reach a more stable configuration . electron configurations and the periodic table elements are placed in order on the periodic table based on their atomic number , how man... | where on the periodic table does it tell you the number of protons and nutrons in an atom ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | electron shells and the bohr model an early model of the atom was developed in 1913 by the danish scientist niels bohr ( 1885–1962 ) . the bohr model shows the atom as a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons , with the electrons in circular electron shells at specific distances from the nucleus , similar to p... | why does n't the electron fall into the positively charged nucleus ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | so , how do these mathematically defined orbitals fit in with the electron shells we saw in the bohr model ? we can break each electron shell down into one or more subshells , which are simply sets of one or more orbitals . subshells are designated by the letters $ s $ , $ p $ , $ d $ , and $ f $ , and each letter indi... | first , one question , so i can have a basis for the follow-up questions : is the 'p ' orbital one and the same for every shell ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | subshells $ d $ and $ f $ have more complex shapes and contain five and seven orbitals , respectively . the first electron shell , 1n , corresponds to a single $ 1s $ orbital . the $ 1s $ orbital is the closest orbital to the nucleus , and it fills with electrons first , before any other orbital . | does the 3rd electron shell contain a d sub-shell ( 5 orbitals ) or a single d orbital ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | however , atoms with many electrons may place some of their electrons in $ d $ and $ f $ subshells . subshells $ d $ and $ f $ have more complex shapes and contain five and seven orbitals , respectively . the first electron shell , 1n , corresponds to a single $ 1s $ orbital . the $ 1s $ orbital is the closest orbital ... | the way it reads is that a sub-shell d must contain 5 orbitals , so if it is not a typo , how can the 3rd shell only contain 1 d orbital ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | in general , the number of valence electrons is the same within a column and increases from left to right within a row . group 1 elements have just one valence electron and group 18 elements have eight , except for helium , which has only two electrons total . thus , group number is a good predictor of how reactive eac... | so the only reason why helium is grouped in group 18 elements is cause it fulfills the octet rule of full outer shell ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | atoms , like other things governed by the laws of physics , tend to take on the lowest-energy , most stable configuration they can . thus , the electron shells of an atom are populated from the inside out , with electrons filling up the low-energy shells closer to the nucleus before they move into the higher-energy she... | in the 21st paragraph , how do you know which electrons go in which sub-shells ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | these patterns do not fill the outermost shell or satisfy the octet rule , making chlorine and sodium reactive , eager to gain or lose electrons to reach a more stable configuration . electron configurations and the periodic table elements are placed in order on the periodic table based on their atomic number , how man... | why does n't d-block directly correspond to the row number in the periodic table like s-block and p-block do ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the first electron shell , 1n , corresponds to a single $ 1s $ orbital . the $ 1s $ orbital is the closest orbital to the nucleus , and it fills with electrons first , before any other orbital . hydrogen has just one electron , so it has a single spot in the $ 1s $ orbital occupied . | what kinds of experiments have shown/proven the orbital shapes as we currently understand them ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the number of electrons in the outermost shell of a particular atom determines its reactivity , or tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms . this outermost shell is known as the valence shell , and the electrons found in it are called valence electrons . in general , atoms are most stable , least reactive , wh... | if we lose all the valence electrons , would it be called a noble ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | subshells and orbitals the bohr model is useful to explain the reactivity and chemical bonding of many elements , but it actually doesn ’ t give a very accurate description of how electrons are distributed in space around the nucleus . specifically , electrons don ’ t really circle the nucleus , but rather spend most o... | why does n't the electron/electrons , simply crash into the nucleus via electromagnetic attraction ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | the periodic table by convention , elements are organized in the periodic table , a structure that captures important patterns in their behavior . devised by russian chemist dmitri mendeleev ( 1834–1907 ) in 1869 , the table places elements into columns—groups—and rows—periods—that share certain properties . these prop... | if we heat helium at what temperature will it lose its noble properties ? |
introduction at some point in your chemistry education , you may have been introduced to the song “ the elements , ” in which tom lehrer does a rapid-fire musical rendition of all the elements ' names . like me , you may even have been offered the opportunity to memorize this song for extra credit . if so , it ’ s poss... | most of organic chemistry—the chemistry of carbon-containing compounds , which are central to biology—involves interactions between electrons in $ s $ and $ p $ subshells , so these are the most important subshell types to be familiar with . however , atoms with many electrons may place some of their electrons in $ d $... | how many electrons are there in 5n ? |
sql can be a beautiful thing , but it can also be a dangerous thing . if you 're using sql to access a database for an app that 's used by hundreds or thousands or even millions of users , you need to be careful - because you could accidentally damage or erase all that data . there are various techniques you can use to... | for example , before running : update users set deleted = true where id = 1 ; you could run : select id , deleted from users where id = 1 ; once you decide to run the update , you can use the limit operator to make sure you do n't accidentally update too many rows : update users set deleted = true where id = 1 limit 1 ... | what are the acid principles ? |
sql can be a beautiful thing , but it can also be a dangerous thing . if you 're using sql to access a database for an app that 's used by hundreds or thousands or even millions of users , you need to be careful - because you could accidentally damage or erase all that data . there are various techniques you can use to... | in that case , you should run in a transaction . for example , the following commands create a row denoting that a user earned a badge , and then update the user 's recent activity to describe that : insert into user_badges values ( 1 , `` sql master '' , `` 4pm '' ) ; update user set recent_activity = `` earned sql ma... | if i add user input to my database , what are the best practices to prevent such an attack ? |
sql can be a beautiful thing , but it can also be a dangerous thing . if you 're using sql to access a database for an app that 's used by hundreds or thousands or even millions of users , you need to be careful - because you could accidentally damage or erase all that data . there are various techniques you can use to... | if you 're using sql to access a database for an app that 's used by hundreds or thousands or even millions of users , you need to be careful - because you could accidentally damage or erase all that data . there are various techniques you can use to make your sql safer , however . avoiding bad updates/deletes before y... | are these best practices for ms sql or mysql ? |
sql can be a beautiful thing , but it can also be a dangerous thing . if you 're using sql to access a database for an app that 's used by hundreds or thousands or even millions of users , you need to be careful - because you could accidentally damage or erase all that data . there are various techniques you can use to... | it may be that we only want an update to go through if another update goes through as well , so we want to put both of them in the same transaction . in that case , we can wrap the commands in begin transaction and commit : begin transaction ; update people set husband = `` winston '' where user_id = 1 ; update people ... | with the concept of `` begin transaction '' , would it do the operations in order such as for example : begin transaction ; update people set husband = `` winston '' where user_id = 1 ; update people set wife = `` winnefer '' where husband = `` winston '' ; commit ; will user-id = 1 have husband `` winston '' and wife ... |
sql can be a beautiful thing , but it can also be a dangerous thing . if you 're using sql to access a database for an app that 's used by hundreds or thousands or even millions of users , you need to be careful - because you could accidentally damage or erase all that data . there are various techniques you can use to... | as a general rule , there should be only a few users that have full access to the database ( like backend engineers ) , since it can be so dangerous . for example , here 's how we can give full access to a particular user : grant full on table users to super_admin ; and here 's how we can give only select access to a d... | in the paragraph about the command grant , what would grant select on table users to analyzing_user do ? |
sql can be a beautiful thing , but it can also be a dangerous thing . if you 're using sql to access a database for an app that 's used by hundreds or thousands or even millions of users , you need to be careful - because you could accidentally damage or erase all that data . there are various techniques you can use to... | in that case , we can wrap the commands in begin transaction and commit : begin transaction ; update people set husband = `` winston '' where user_id = 1 ; update people set wife = `` winnefer '' where user_id = 2 ; commit ; if the database is unable to issue both those update commands for some reason , then it will ro... | are transactions similar to locks and synchronized blocks in other languages ? |
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