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i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
the temperature was not increasing . but the ice was going from ice to water . so what was happening at that state , is that the kinetic energy , the heat , was being used to essentially break these bonds .
if solids are supposed to be denser than the liquids of the same substance , how come ice floats on water ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
or it made them have higher kinetic energy , or higher average kinetic engery , and that 's what temperature is a measure of ; average kinetic energy . so as i add heat in the solid phase , my average kinetic energy will go up . and let me write this down .
where does the energy go to ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
is this process suppose to be showing the process of a solid turning into a gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so what was happening at that state , is that the kinetic energy , the heat , was being used to essentially break these bonds . and essentially bring the molecules into a higher energy state . so you 're saying , sal , what does that mean , higher energy state ?
are the words underneath it that are flowing with the arrow are these essentially steps like step 1 , step 2 , step 3.. ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule . so you have oxygen there .
why do the h atoms go lower than the o atom in a water molecule ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
sometimes people will talk about change in heat . they 'll use h , lowercase and uppercase h. they 'll put a delta in front of the h. delta just means change in . and sometimes you 'll hear the word enthalpy .
is this because o is `` hogging '' the electrons more than the h ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
what are the two factors responsible for interconversion of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let 's say that that hydrogen is going to want to be near this oxygen . because this has partial negative charge , this has a partial positive charge . and then i could do another one right there .
what is the little `` s '' looking symbol that sal drew to demonstrate a positive or negative charge ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now the heat is , once again , being used for kinetic energy . you 're making the water molecules move past each other faster , and faster , and faster . to some point where they want to completely disassociate from each other .
so my question is this what does the photons do with the electrons in the hydrogen molecule to make the molecule move faster ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth .
why is iodine sublimation done in a fume cupboard ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
we were adding heat . so over here we were turning our heat into kinetic energy . temperature is average kinetic energy . but over here , what was our heat doing ?
at 17 , the property of matter only depends on the temperature ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
let 's say that 's that line . what happens to a solid ? well , it turns into a liquid .
what is kelvin ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i 'll do it in celsius because that 's what we 're familiar with . what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil .
what happens to the particles in sublimation ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
it likes to hog the electrons . so even though this shows that they 're sharing electrons here and here . at both sides of those lines , you can kind of view that hydrogen is contributing an electron and oxygen is contributing an electron on both sides of that line .
makes me wonder , though - how exactly do wet objects become dry ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil . but something happens .
does the water actually vaporize into gas form ( which i 'd doubt , as it certainly does not seem like the appropriate temperature is reached ) ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth .
what are the properties and limits of bec and plasma ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and that 's why icebergs do n't just all fall to the bottom of the ocean . and ponds do n't completely freeze solid . but you can imagine that , because a liquid is in most cases other than water , less dense .
according to the graph the temperature of a solid is positive , but should n't it be negative since it freezes ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth .
what is the fifth element ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now let 's say at low temperatures i 'm here and as i add heat my temperature will go up . temperature is average kinetic energy . let 's say i 'm in the solid state here .
but does n't our blood contain plasma , and is n't our average temperature is 37c ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
well , it turns into a liquid . ice melts . not all solids , we 're talking in particular about water , about h2o .
when that graph has been plot , ( melting ice ) how come after showing the increase in temperature , reaching 0 degree celsius , sal says there is no change now ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth .
what 's a bose-einstein condensate ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
at least , as far as my neural connections could make it . but enthalpy is closely related to heat . it 's heat content .
is enthalpy like conducting heat ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
this is the heat of vaporization . and the same idea is happening . before we were sliding next to each other , now we 're pulling apart altogether .
how does that idea fit with the idea of the added heat increasing the pe of the molecules during phase changes ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
depending on what direction you 're going , either the freezing point of water or the melting point of ice , something interesting happens . as i add more heat , the temperature does not to go up . as i add more heat , the temperature does not go up for a little period . let me draw that .
0 is there a name for this little period where the temperature stays constant although we are adding or removing a certain amount of heat ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
i know there are 4 main states ( solid , liquid , gas , plasma ) but i 've heard of this 5th one called bose-einstein condensate.what is it ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
or we could say the average kinetic energy of this matter is fairly low . and what do we know is average kinetic energy ? well , that 's temperature .
we know that there is a limit to how much energy you can take from a particle ( 0 kelvin ) , but is there a limit to how much energy you can put into a particle ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and if we keep making that extended further , a solid -- well , i probably should n't use the example with ice . because ice or water is one of the few situations where the solid is less dense than the liquid . that 's why ice floats .
are there any liquids besides water that become less dense when they become solid ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so what was happening at that state , is that the kinetic energy , the heat , was being used to essentially break these bonds . and essentially bring the molecules into a higher energy state . so you 're saying , sal , what does that mean , higher energy state ? well , if there was n't all of this heat and all this kin...
what does higher energy state mean ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and what do we know is average kinetic energy ? well , that 's temperature . then this lattice structure will be solid .
how liquid crystal works as a temperature sensor ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth .
what is a dipolar bond ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now let 's say at low temperatures i 'm here and as i add heat my temperature will go up . temperature is average kinetic energy . let 's say i 'm in the solid state here .
what happens if the kinetic energy of the composite particles increases ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so you have oxygen there . you have some bonds to hydrogen . and then you have two extra pairs of valence electrons in the oxygen .
how many electrons are there in a hydrogen atom ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
let me draw these bonds , these polar bonds that start forming between the particles . these bonds , they 're called polar bonds because the molecules themselves are polar . and you can see it forms this lattice structure .
to about i really do n't understand what polar bonds are exactly so what are they ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas .
what is the fourth possible state of matter at very high temperatures sal mentions at the beginning ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
if oxygen is a gas and has a very high energy level , why does it not feel hot ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think that makes intuitive sense if you just think about what a gas is . for example , it 's hard to see a gas . why is it hard to see a gas ?
what is an example of something that is not a solid liquid or gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas .
is plasma the fourth matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and then finally , after that point , we 're completely vaporized , or we 're completely steam . then we can start getting hot , the steam can then get hotter as we add more and more heat to the system . so the interesting question , i think it 's intuitive , that as you add heat here , our temperature is going to go u...
after 1 is there such a thing that if you add more heat , the kinetic energy is so high that bonds of h and o start to break up and atoms of h and o start to move away and being independent elements ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
the temperature was not increasing . but the ice was going from ice to water . so what was happening at that state , is that the kinetic energy , the heat , was being used to essentially break these bonds .
so i was wondering what happens if i put water at 0 `c and keep the temperature constant ... will it turn into ice and then into water , and then into ice , ind then into water and so on for ever ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
temperature is average kinetic energy . let 's say i 'm in the solid state here . and i 'll do the solid state in purple . no i already was using purple .
what state are atoms in ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
the best way to think about it is heat content . change in enthalpy is really just change in heat . and just remember , all of these things , whether we 're talking about heat , kinetic energy , potential energy , enthalpy .
when sal says that water and steam can be at the same heat , it makes me wonder what stimulates the change is it consistency of temperature or something more complex like quantum fluctuations ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
well , our heat was was not adding kinetic energy to the system . the temperature was not increasing . but the ice was going from ice to water . so what was happening at that state , is that the kinetic energy , the heat , was being used to essentially break these bonds .
at about 1 what are the periods in which the temperature does not increase called ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
because that 's what it is . i could take that analogy a bunch of different ways . but the interesting thing that happens at zero degrees .
do non-newtonian fluids take shape only when pressure is applied ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
at least , as far as my neural connections could make it . but enthalpy is closely related to heat . it 's heat content .
what is hardness and how is it related to density ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
but that 's not necessarily the case . if you start with water and you make it colder and colder and colder to zero degrees , you 're essentially taking heat out of the water . you can have zero degree water and it has n't turned into ice yet . and likewise , you could have 100 degree water that has n't turned into ste...
at 1roughly , how does superchilled water fit into this diagram ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i could do work when i 'm falling back to the earth . a waterfall does work . it can move a turbine .
how exactly does evaporation work ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
let 's say that 's that line . what happens to a solid ? well , it turns into a liquid .
what happens during sublimation ( solid to gas ) and deposition ( gas to solid ) , in terms of kinetic energy ( heat ) ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
is that solid happens when things are colder , relatively colder . and then as you warm up , you go into a liquid state . and as your warm up even more you go into a gaseous state .
how do the molecules skip the liquid state and go directly to the gas state ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
what are the various gas laws ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
at least , as far as my neural connections could make it . but enthalpy is closely related to heat . it 's heat content . for our purposes , when you hear someone say change in enthalpy , you should really just be thinking of change in heat .
can we substitute 'time ' for 'heat ' in the temperature.vs.heat graph ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example that always comes to at least my mind . is that solid happens when things are colder , relatively colder . and then as you warm up , you go into a liquid state .
if solid things are supposedly colder , why do i feel warmer when i 'm lying down on the floor rather than in a pool ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
change in enthalpy is really just change in heat . and just remember , all of these things , whether we 're talking about heat , kinetic energy , potential energy , enthalpy . you 'll hear them in different contexts , and you 're like , i thought i should be using heat and they 're talking about enthalpy .
can anybody explain the various energy changes taking place ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
change in enthalpy is really just change in heat . and just remember , all of these things , whether we 're talking about heat , kinetic energy , potential energy , enthalpy . you 'll hear them in different contexts , and you 're like , i thought i should be using heat and they 're talking about enthalpy .
during the phase change all the heat energy is converted only into potential energy and there is no increase in kinetic energy ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now let 's say at low temperatures i 'm here and as i add heat my temperature will go up . temperature is average kinetic energy . let 's say i 'm in the solid state here . and i 'll do the solid state in purple . no i already was using purple .
liquid state will have have both kinetic and potential energy more than that of solid state ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now let 's say at low temperatures i 'm here and as i add heat my temperature will go up . temperature is average kinetic energy . let 's say i 'm in the solid state here .
how will the average kinetic energy be low even if each molecule has high kinetic energy ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and then , once you are fully a liquid , then you just become a warmer and warmer liquid . now the heat is , once again , being used for kinetic energy . you 're making the water molecules move past each other faster , and faster , and faster .
why are ranges used when dealing with specific heat of steel and brass ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
well , it turns into a liquid . ice melts . not all solids , we 're talking in particular about water , about h2o .
how is it possible that the same temperature is required to melt the ice and then freeze it back ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so they 're not going to move around relative to each other . but they will convert that heat , and heat is just a form of energy , into kinetic energy which is expressed as the vibration of these molecules . now , if you make these molecules start to vibrate enough , and if you put enough kinetic energy into these mol...
does the speed of vibration in the molecules increase the vibration does ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so they 're not going to move around relative to each other . but they will convert that heat , and heat is just a form of energy , into kinetic energy which is expressed as the vibration of these molecules . now , if you make these molecules start to vibrate enough , and if you put enough kinetic energy into these mol...
what is the nature of heat such that it imparts additional momentum to molecules ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
then this lattice structure will be solid . these molecules will not move relative to each other . i could draw a gazillion more , but i think you get the point that we 're forming this kind of fixed structure .
what is the mechanism of heat transfer that makes molecules move ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth .
waiiiiittttt ... what about plasma and bose enstein condensate ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule . so you have oxygen there .
is a molecule bigger than an atom ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and when i add it to these molecules , as i did in this example , what did it do ? it made them vibrate more . or it made them have higher kinetic energy , or higher average kinetic engery , and that 's what temperature is a measure of ; average kinetic energy .
oxigen is made out of what ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
because it 's the same amount of heat regardless how much direction we go in . when we go from solid to liquid , you view it as the heat of melting . it 's the head that you need to put in to melt the ice into liquid .
why the volume of liquid is higher than the volume of solid ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and when i add it to these molecules , as i did in this example , what did it do ? it made them vibrate more . or it made them have higher kinetic energy , or higher average kinetic engery , and that 's what temperature is a measure of ; average kinetic energy .
is a black hole made out of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
you can also have zero degree water . anyway , hopefully that gives you a little bit of intuition of what the different states of matter are . and in the next problem , we 'll talk about how much heat exactly it does take to move along this line .
what gives waves it curvy shape ( sea wave ) ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
is there a fifth state of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
if sand is solid , how does it flow ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
the best way to think about it is heat content . change in enthalpy is really just change in heat . and just remember , all of these things , whether we 're talking about heat , kinetic energy , potential energy , enthalpy .
can anyone tell me why there is no rise in temperature of a substance when it undergoes a change of state although it is still being heated ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and actually , it 's a good amount at this point . where the water is turning into vapor , but it 's not getting any hotter . so we have to keep adding heat , but notice that the temperature did n't go up .
is the heat of vapor like that too or are they both just for the water molecules ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now let 's say at low temperatures i 'm here and as i add heat my temperature will go up . temperature is average kinetic energy . let 's say i 'm in the solid state here .
so , my question is that- if they move around so much then definitely the energy would have been used , so there will be a time when all the kinetic energy will be used up in you know moving around so why do n't the gases convert into liquid after losing kinetic energy ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
that 's not very scientific . but they would vibrate around , they would buzz around a little bit . i 'm drawing arrows to show that they are vibrating .
what would make a molecule electronegative ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
quick question : can we capture gas and heat it more ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and in the case of water , when you 're a solid , you 're ice . when you 're a liquid , some people would call ice water , but let 's call it liquid water . i think we know what that is .
when it was i was wondering how many atoms does liquid have ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so the way to think about it is , right here this heat is being converted to kinetic energy . then , when we 're at this phase change from solid to liquid , that heat is being used to add potential energy into the system . to pull the molecules apart , to give them more potential energy .
when a solid changes to a liquid , does its mass change ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
where the water is turning into vapor , but it 's not getting any hotter . so we have to keep adding heat , but notice that the temperature did n't go up . we 'll talk about it in a second what was happening then .
is n't heat and temperature the same thing ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
what is the word when you turn gas into another state ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
so if there is the states of matter then what type of matter is dark matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i 'll do it in celsius because that 's what we 're familiar with . what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil .
what happens when a gas gets really hot ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
change in enthalpy is really just change in heat . and just remember , all of these things , whether we 're talking about heat , kinetic energy , potential energy , enthalpy . you 'll hear them in different contexts , and you 're like , i thought i should be using heat and they 're talking about enthalpy .
what is the relationship between entropy and internal energy ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
but what are atoms - are they solid , liquid , gas , or something else ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now , we get to , what temperature becomes interesting again for water ? well , obviously 100 degrees celsius or 373 degrees kelvin . i 'll do it in celsius because that 's what we 're familiar with .
for the temperature to increase beyond 100 degrees celsius , would n't you need a closed container to allow the pressure to increase ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
but you can kind of see a lattice structure . let me draw these bonds , these polar bonds that start forming between the particles . these bonds , they 're called polar bonds because the molecules themselves are polar . and you can see it forms this lattice structure .
and now i 'm confused , which bonds are breaking and what bonds are where ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
by falling towards each other , in theory , they could do some work . so what 's happening here is , when we 're contributing heat -- and this amount of heat we 're contributing , it 's called the heat of fusion . because it 's the same amount of heat regardless how much direction we go in .
what does the heat of fusion mean in the video ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth .
how cold is bose-einstein condensates ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
how are the states of matter related ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
what state of matter is slime ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
why is it hard to see a gas ? because the molecules are much further apart . so they 're not acting on the light in the way that a liquid or a solid would .
is it possible that in order to be invisible , all you have to do is separate your molecules farther apart ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
what is the forth state of matter , called plasma ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
depending on what direction you 're going , either the freezing point of water or the melting point of ice , something interesting happens . as i add more heat , the temperature does not to go up . as i add more heat , the temperature does not go up for a little period .
why does n't the temperature go up ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
is n't matter made up of solid liquid , gas , and plasma ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
well , it turns into a liquid . ice melts . not all solids , we 're talking in particular about water , about h2o .
what was the begginning part about hydrogen and heat and ice ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
what are the seven states of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
sublimation is when you go straight from solid to gas , right ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
are n't there 5 states of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
1.solid 2.liquid 3.gas 4.plasma 5.bose-einstein what about them ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
or it made them have higher kinetic energy , or higher average kinetic engery , and that 's what temperature is a measure of ; average kinetic energy . so as i add heat in the solid phase , my average kinetic energy will go up . and let me write this down .
where does the energy go ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so this is ice in our example . all solids are n't ice . although , you could think of a rock as solid magma .
why is n't fusion used to generate electricity ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil . but something happens . and they 're really getting kinetically active .
why exactly is this , is there something specific that happens on a molecular level ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
anyway , hopefully that gives you a little bit of intuition of what the different states of matter are . and in the next problem , we 'll talk about how much heat exactly it does take to move along this line . and maybe we can solve some problems on how much ice we might need to make our drink cool .
at 1did sal mean 0 celsius water or 0 celsius ice ?