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i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and then , once we keep adding more and more heat , then the liquid warms up too . now , we get to , what temperature becomes interesting again for water ? well , obviously 100 degrees celsius or 373 degrees kelvin .
why did n't the temperature ever get higher than boiling point ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let 's say that that hydrogen is going to want to be near this oxygen . because this has partial negative charge , this has a partial positive charge . and then i could do another one right there .
at around how can a molecule have partial charge ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil . but something happens .
why is water so special ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and in the case of water , when you 're a solid , you 're ice . when you 're a liquid , some people would call ice water , but let 's call it liquid water . i think we know what that is .
why does it have special characteristics such as ice floating on liquid water ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
because this has partial negative charge , this has a partial positive charge . and then i could do another one right there . and then maybe we 'll have , and just to make the point clear , you have two hydrogens here , maybe an oxygen wants to hang out there .
and why can all three states of water coexist with one another in the same environment ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth .
what about plasma and bose-einstein condensate ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
is light a state of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
you have some bonds to hydrogen . and then you have two extra pairs of valence electrons in the oxygen . and a couple of videos ago , we said oxygen is a lot more electronegative than the hydrogen .
what are valence pairs of electrons in an molecule of oxygen ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
well , it turns into a liquid . ice melts . not all solids , we 're talking in particular about water , about h2o .
what about dry ice does that change the temperture too ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and essentially bring the molecules into a higher energy state . so you 're saying , sal , what does that mean , higher energy state ? well , if there was n't all of this heat and all this kinetic energy , these molecules want to be very close to each other .
6 , what is the fourth state of matter sal refers to ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
let me draw these bonds , these polar bonds that start forming between the particles . these bonds , they 're called polar bonds because the molecules themselves are polar . and you can see it forms this lattice structure .
4 the bonds between the molecules are described as polar but what does polar mean ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
what are the other two states ( plasmas and bose-einstein condensate ) ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
no doubt rubberband is a solid but we can stretch it right ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
does bose-einstein condensate ( bes ) count as a state of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so you have oxygen there . you have some bonds to hydrogen . and then you have two extra pairs of valence electrons in the oxygen .
how are covalent bonds created between hydrogen and oxygen atoms anyway ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
sometimes people will talk about change in heat . they 'll use h , lowercase and uppercase h. they 'll put a delta in front of the h. delta just means change in . and sometimes you 'll hear the word enthalpy .
would they form bonds if individual atoms of h and o were put into a container , just like that ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil . but something happens . and they 're really getting kinetically active .
what happens when you approach the freezing temperature of something ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
can you heat up a rock so hot to make it a gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now let 's say at low temperatures i 'm here and as i add heat my temperature will go up . temperature is average kinetic energy . let 's say i 'm in the solid state here .
why do temperature increases when kinetic energy increases ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so what was happening at that state , is that the kinetic energy , the heat , was being used to essentially break these bonds . and essentially bring the molecules into a higher energy state . so you 're saying , sal , what does that mean , higher energy state ?
what exactly is potential energy in terms of molecules and changing state ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
what is the difference between vapour and gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
but the interesting thing is , what was going on here ? we were adding heat . so over here we were turning our heat into kinetic energy .
if you keep adding heat to the vapor stage in which the molecules are separated , will the bonds between atoms break to individual h2 and o ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and what do we know is average kinetic energy ? well , that 's temperature . then this lattice structure will be solid .
what is the temperature of room temperature water after salt is added to it ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
let me write that . because i used to say what is enthalpy ? it sounds like empathy , but it 's quite a different concept .
what does that weird symbol sal used ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil . but something happens .
when the water frozes , what actually takes the energy of the water molecules ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
why is it hard to see a gas ? because the molecules are much further apart . so they 're not acting on the light in the way that a liquid or a solid would .
if molecules stick together because of this small electrical charge then why if i break apart a solid into 2 halfs wont the halfs reattach to each other if i place them next to each other again ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
if you start with water and you make it colder and colder and colder to zero degrees , you 're essentially taking heat out of the water . you can have zero degree water and it has n't turned into ice yet . and likewise , you could have 100 degree water that has n't turned into steam yeat . you have to add more energy .
your explaination hinges on the attraction between water molecules that have this charge separation , but how about other liquids that do n't ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and in the case of water , when you 're a solid , you 're ice . when you 're a liquid , some people would call ice water , but let 's call it liquid water . i think we know what that is .
why would liquid nitrogen for example stay a liquid under the right pressure and temperature when n2 is more or less electrically neutral ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
but you can kind of see a lattice structure . let me draw these bonds , these polar bonds that start forming between the particles . these bonds , they 're called polar bonds because the molecules themselves are polar . and you can see it forms this lattice structure .
do the polar bonds cause water to follow other water particles ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
is frost considered a gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
the best way to think about it is heat content . change in enthalpy is really just change in heat . and just remember , all of these things , whether we 're talking about heat , kinetic energy , potential energy , enthalpy .
does during change of states electrons get excited too ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i 'll do it in celsius because that 's what we 're familiar with . what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil .
can someone please explain this to me , as well as how this happens at a molecular level ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
is # fire # a solid , liquid , or gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and essentially bring the molecules into a higher energy state . so you 're saying , sal , what does that mean , higher energy state ? well , if there was n't all of this heat and all this kinetic energy , these molecules want to be very close to each other .
what is the symbol sal draws ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
if technically possible , what would a 0 k `` solid '' /be condensate be called ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
force times distance . but anyway , that 's a side-note . but it 's good to know this word enthalpy .
on a similar note , how cold does a be ( bose-einstein ) condensate have to be to be called so ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
all solids are n't ice . although , you could think of a rock as solid magma . because that 's what it is .
could you theoretically melt a rock ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil . but something happens .
ok so if you are cooking and you are boiling water there is really a range of temperatures that will give you a rolling boil that is at a constant temperature even though you could go between a range of temperatures being applied ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
if heating a solid have these steps , then how does it change to gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so this is ice in our example . all solids are n't ice . although , you could think of a rock as solid magma .
is n't density an intensive property ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and it is true with water . the liquid form is definitely more dense than the gas form . in the gas form , the molecules are going to jump around , not touch each other .
what i dont get is that oxygen is a form of gas , correct ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and what do we know is average kinetic energy ? well , that 's temperature . then this lattice structure will be solid .
well when you are exhaling when you are breathing its carbon monoxide or dioxide , right ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
when you put me in a plane you have put me in a higher energy state . i have a lot more potential energy . i have the potential to fall towards the earth .
the order of potential energies for substances goes gas = highest potential energy liquid = middle potential energy solid = lowest potential energy ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let 's say that that hydrogen is going to want to be near this oxygen . because this has partial negative charge , this has a partial positive charge . and then i could do another one right there .
should n't there be 2 partial negative charges on the oxygen atom in water ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so what was happening at that state , is that the kinetic energy , the heat , was being used to essentially break these bonds . and essentially bring the molecules into a higher energy state . so you 're saying , sal , what does that mean , higher energy state ?
if you are in a higher energy state does it means like he said when you are going up the potential energy grows b/c u r going up but the energy goes higher because the gravity is pulling u down ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and what do we know is average kinetic energy ? well , that 's temperature . then this lattice structure will be solid .
in term of charles 's law explain why -273*c is the lowest possible temperature ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
well , it 's joules . force times distance . but anyway , that 's a side-note .
does the salt particle occupy the space due to force of attraction from the water particle ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and in the case of water , when you 're a solid , you 're ice . when you 're a liquid , some people would call ice water , but let 's call it liquid water . i think we know what that is .
why liquid does not obey boyle 's law ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule . so you have oxygen there .
what is the difference between an atom and a molecule ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
but just like when you went from solid to liquid , there 's a certain amount of energy that you have to contribute to the system . and actually , it 's a good amount at this point . where the water is turning into vapor , but it 's not getting any hotter .
the amount of matter in a given space ; the relationship between a substance mass and its volume is known as ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
well , it turns into a liquid . ice melts . not all solids , we 're talking in particular about water , about h2o .
why does the ice turn into a gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil . but something happens .
what about auto-ionization of water ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
by falling towards each other , in theory , they could do some work . so what 's happening here is , when we 're contributing heat -- and this amount of heat we 're contributing , it 's called the heat of fusion . because it 's the same amount of heat regardless how much direction we go in .
why is it called heat of fusion if its not fusing two things together rather its drawing two things away ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
or it made them have higher kinetic energy , or higher average kinetic engery , and that 's what temperature is a measure of ; average kinetic energy . so as i add heat in the solid phase , my average kinetic energy will go up . and let me write this down .
can we add latent heat concept also with this topic explained in the phase diagram ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
how many kinds of matter are there and what are they called ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
what are the characteristics of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
but the interesting thing that happens at zero degrees . depending on what direction you 're going , either the freezing point of water or the melting point of ice , something interesting happens . as i add more heat , the temperature does not to go up .
how can a triple point ever be reached ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and it is true with water . the liquid form is definitely more dense than the gas form . in the gas form , the molecules are going to jump around , not touch each other .
i could see a point between solid and liquid , and liquid and gas being possible , but how could there ever be the appropriate conditions for the solid form and the gaseous form of the same substance to exist simultaneously ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil . but something happens .
why does water expand when it freezes instead of contracting ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so this is ice in our example . all solids are n't ice . although , you could think of a rock as solid magma . because that 's what it is .
you said a rock is solid magma ... is n't that only ingenuous rocks ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
let me draw that . for a little period , the temperature stays constant . and then while the temperature is constant , it stays a solid .
why does n't the temperature change ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
is anti-matter a type of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
what state of matter is toothpaste in ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
is cream is an one of the state of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
what do gas and solid have in common ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
what type of matter is shaving cream ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
how many states of matter are there ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas .
what 's the fourth state of matter and how high does the temperature have to be to reach it ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
but the interesting thing that happens at zero degrees . depending on what direction you 're going , either the freezing point of water or the melting point of ice , something interesting happens . as i add more heat , the temperature does not to go up .
how and why pressure affects melting point and boiling point ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth .
at what are the three main states of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
let me draw these bonds , these polar bonds that start forming between the particles . these bonds , they 're called polar bonds because the molecules themselves are polar . and you can see it forms this lattice structure .
what are polar bonds ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth .
what is bose einstine condensate ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
or it made them have higher kinetic energy , or higher average kinetic engery , and that 's what temperature is a measure of ; average kinetic energy . so as i add heat in the solid phase , my average kinetic energy will go up . and let me write this down .
my question is that since energy can not be created nor destroyed , where does it go ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so this is ice in our example . all solids are n't ice . although , you could think of a rock as solid magma .
if solids have a very high amount of attraction forces between their particles , then why the why do n't two broken pieces of a wooden plank attract each other ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and if we keep making that extended further , a solid -- well , i probably should n't use the example with ice . because ice or water is one of the few situations where the solid is less dense than the liquid . that 's why ice floats .
why then is solid ice less dense than liquid water ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so this is ice in our example . all solids are n't ice . although , you could think of a rock as solid magma .
also , if you have a graph similar to the one sal drew , should n't there be a `` jump '' in the graph when the ice in this case has fully melted because of all of the accumulated heat ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
is plasma considered a state of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
but it got us to the point that the ice turned into a liquid . it was kind of melting the entire time . that 's the best way to think about it .
would n't the bar be going up at a slight angle ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
well , it turns into a liquid . ice melts . not all solids , we 're talking in particular about water , about h2o .
you say the ice melts in that period , so why dosent the bar go up very slightly ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now , if these molecules have very little kinetic energy , they 're not moving around a whole lot , then the positive sides of the hydrogens are very attracted to the negative sides of oxygen in other molecules . let me draw some more molecules . when we talk about the whole state of the whole matter , we actually thin...
then how come the vacuum between these molecules of air does n't affect the molecules themselves ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example that always comes to at least my mind . is that solid happens when things are colder , relatively colder . and then as you warm up , you go into a liquid state .
why do only some things melt ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
would plasma be considered a state of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and then you have two extra pairs of valence electrons in the oxygen . and a couple of videos ago , we said oxygen is a lot more electronegative than the hydrogen . it likes to hog the electrons .
wait , why is oxygen more electronegative than hydrogen ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
why is oxygen not hot if its not a gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and then finally , after that point , we 're completely vaporized , or we 're completely steam . then we can start getting hot , the steam can then get hotter as we add more and more heat to the system . so the interesting question , i think it 's intuitive , that as you add heat here , our temperature is going to go u...
how much hot steam can get ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
the best way to think about it is heat content . change in enthalpy is really just change in heat . and just remember , all of these things , whether we 're talking about heat , kinetic energy , potential energy , enthalpy .
so for every substance , not just water , does it take energy to change states ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
how many states of matter are there ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now the question is , how do we measure the amount of heat that it takes to do this to water ? and to explain that , i 'll actually draw a phase change diagram . which is a fancy way of describing something fairly straightforward .
is the phase diagram supposed to be continuous ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
for example , i want to be close to the surface of the earth . when you put me in a plane you have put me in a higher energy state . i have a lot more potential energy .
there are discontinuities at the boiling and freezing points , but did khan put those there for simplicity ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth .
is there any difference in the lenght of 20 meter steel girder when standing vertically and horizontally ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
the best way to think about it is heat content . change in enthalpy is really just change in heat . and just remember , all of these things , whether we 're talking about heat , kinetic energy , potential energy , enthalpy .
how do non-newtonian substances like baking soda and water change their state of matter without heat being supplied ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think that makes intuitive sense if you just think about what a gas is . for example , it 's hard to see a gas . why is it hard to see a gas ? because the molecules are much further apart .
why is it that we can see solids and liquids but not gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now , we get to , what temperature becomes interesting again for water ? well , obviously 100 degrees celsius or 373 degrees kelvin . i 'll do it in celsius because that 's what we 're familiar with .
so anything above 100 degrees is the boiling point and anything below 0 degrees is the freezing point ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so this is ice in our example . all solids are n't ice . although , you could think of a rock as solid magma .
how do solids get a proper shape ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
why is it hard to see a gas ? because the molecules are much further apart . so they 're not acting on the light in the way that a liquid or a solid would .
what causes so much pressure that the molecules in the solid do n't tear of so easily ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and you can see it forms this lattice structure . and if each of these molecules do n't have a lot of kinetic energy . or we could say the average kinetic energy of this matter is fairly low .
how come the molecules do n't fall off on their own ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
let 's say right there . so we added a certain amount of heat and it just stayed a solid . but it got us to the point that the ice turned into a liquid .
ay why does n't it change temperature ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
or it made them have higher kinetic energy , or higher average kinetic engery , and that 's what temperature is a measure of ; average kinetic energy . so as i add heat in the solid phase , my average kinetic energy will go up . and let me write this down .
where does the energy go ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and if each of these molecules do n't have a lot of kinetic energy . or we could say the average kinetic energy of this matter is fairly low . and what do we know is average kinetic energy ?
what could be the 4th state of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
depending on what direction you 're going , either the freezing point of water or the melting point of ice , something interesting happens . as i add more heat , the temperature does not to go up . as i add more heat , the temperature does not go up for a little period . let me draw that . for a little period , the tem...
7 he was talking about how the temperature stays the same for a short amount of time ... can someone explain that to me ?