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i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and then when it 's in the gas state , you 're essentially vapor or steam . so let 's think a little bit about what , at least in the case of water , and the analogy will extend to other types of molecules . but what is it about water that makes it solid , and when it 's colder , what allows it to be liquid .
do you have types of measurements for water like the i think the si or the is units and if you do can u tell me were they are at ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil . but something happens .
what is the plasma state of water ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
1 , how many states of matter are there ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and then you have two extra pairs of valence electrons in the oxygen . and a couple of videos ago , we said oxygen is a lot more electronegative than the hydrogen . it likes to hog the electrons .
why is oxygen more electronegative than hydrogen ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
at least , as far as my neural connections could make it . but enthalpy is closely related to heat . it 's heat content .
what 's the difference between enthalpy , heat and temperature ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth .
are there only three states of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
in the video why is it that there are only 3 states mentioned ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and essentially bring the molecules into a higher energy state . so you 're saying , sal , what does that mean , higher energy state ? well , if there was n't all of this heat and all this kinetic energy , these molecules want to be very close to each other .
what does latostructure mean ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
which matter do the molecules r mor seperated ; liquid or solid ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
let me draw these bonds , these polar bonds that start forming between the particles . these bonds , they 're called polar bonds because the molecules themselves are polar . and you can see it forms this lattice structure .
what is polar and non polar bonds that sal mentions in ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
well , it turns into a liquid . ice melts . not all solids , we 're talking in particular about water , about h2o .
khan can you please tell me , where does plasma goes between these three states and without of any raise in temperature , how dry ice produces gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
we 're still a solid . and then , we finally turn into a liquid . let 's say right there .
what happens to the energy ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
all solids are n't ice . although , you could think of a rock as solid magma . because that 's what it is .
rock can be considered as solid magma , but then what about diamond ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule . so you have oxygen there . you have some bonds to hydrogen . and then you have two extra pairs of valence electrons in the oxygen . and a couple of videos ago , we said oxygen is a lot more electronegative than the hydrogen . it likes to hog the electrons .
how can hydrogen and oxygen obtained from water ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
if there is no fifth state of matter , then what is bose einstein condensate ( bec ) ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
why are the states of matter so clearly defined ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and in the case of water , when you 're a solid , you 're ice . when you 're a liquid , some people would call ice water , but let 's call it liquid water . i think we know what that is .
why is there not , say , a `` solid-liquid '' structure between the formation of ice and liquid water if the state is only defined by the presence of intermolecular forces and kinetic energy ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
that 's not very scientific . but they would vibrate around , they would buzz around a little bit . i 'm drawing arrows to show that they are vibrating .
would then be time for london dispersion forces to shine or would it not become solid or something else ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil . but something happens . and they 're really getting kinetically active .
i know there is something called bose-einstein condensate , but what is it ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
what will happen when a gas is continuouly heated.after molecules of gas have maximum intermolecular space they can attain ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
let me draw these bonds , these polar bonds that start forming between the particles . these bonds , they 're called polar bonds because the molecules themselves are polar . and you can see it forms this lattice structure .
is the state of mater ( liquid ) polar or bi- polar ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
well , that 's temperature . then this lattice structure will be solid . these molecules will not move relative to each other .
what is a lattice structure ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
you can also have 100 degree steam . you can also have zero degree water . anyway , hopefully that gives you a little bit of intuition of what the different states of matter are .
if we take a cloth which is completely wet in zero gravity and spin over there will the water fall down ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
how does sublimation ( transformation from a solid to a gas ) work ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
i have a dought on plasma [ 4 rth state of matter ] what does it do ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
let me draw these bonds , these polar bonds that start forming between the particles . these bonds , they 're called polar bonds because the molecules themselves are polar . and you can see it forms this lattice structure .
how to identify polar bonds ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so this is ice in our example . all solids are n't ice . although , you could think of a rock as solid magma .
i really do n't understand the factors affecting the solubility especially the micelles ... is there any video for the description ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
it 's heat content . for our purposes , when you hear someone say change in enthalpy , you should really just be thinking of change in heat . i think this word was really just introduced to confuse chemistry students and introduce a non-intuitive word into their vocabulary .
can someone tell me the difference between diffusion and brownian motion ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so maybe you have an oxygen that wants to be here because it 's got its partial negative here . and it 's connected to two hydrogens right there that have their partial positives . but you can kind of see a lattice structure .
what are partial negatives and positives ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and it is true with water . the liquid form is definitely more dense than the gas form . in the gas form , the molecules are going to jump around , not touch each other .
how is liquid more dense than gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
what is the difference between gas and vapour ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and likewise , you could have 100 degree water that has n't turned into steam yeat . you have to add more energy . you can also have 100 degree steam .
how can you add heath without raising tempeture ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now the question is , how do we measure the amount of heat that it takes to do this to water ? and to explain that , i 'll actually draw a phase change diagram . which is a fancy way of describing something fairly straightforward .
why does the temperature stay the same during a phase change ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
why in sublimation the solid do not convert into liquids ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
maybe this side is moving here , that 's moving there . you have other molecules moving around that way . but they 're still attracted to each other .
if all molecules are vibrating and moving , then what fills the space where the molecules are not ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now the question is , how do we measure the amount of heat that it takes to do this to water ? and to explain that , i 'll actually draw a phase change diagram . which is a fancy way of describing something fairly straightforward .
can somebody explain to me what plasma is exactly ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
the five states of matter of plasma , boze einstein , liquids , gases , and solids , right ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
well , it turns into a liquid . ice melts . not all solids , we 're talking in particular about water , about h2o .
why do ice sublimate to gas when heated in vacuum ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
is bose-einstein condensate a state of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and when i add it to these molecules , as i did in this example , what did it do ? it made them vibrate more . or it made them have higher kinetic energy , or higher average kinetic engery , and that 's what temperature is a measure of ; average kinetic energy .
sal made a mention of a 'latostructure ' can anybody explain it ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
when we go from solid to liquid , you view it as the heat of melting . it 's the head that you need to put in to melt the ice into liquid . when you 're going in this direction , it 's the heat you have to take out of the zero degree water to turn it into ice .
can hot temps melt rocks too ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
the temperature was not increasing . but the ice was going from ice to water . so what was happening at that state , is that the kinetic energy , the heat , was being used to essentially break these bonds .
if ice is a solid , and water is a liquid , how come ice still floats on water ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule . so you have oxygen there .
is it possible to vibrate a water molecule loose without heating it up ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
is a bose-einstein condensate also a state of matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
we 're just heating up the gaseous water . and it 's just getting hotter and hotter and hotter . but the interesting thing there , and i mean at least the interesting thing to me when i first learned this , whenever i think of zero degrees water i 'll say , oh it must be ice .
what happens when the steam gets hotter and hotter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
if i were to freeze gas what would happened inside the molecules and substances ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
but the interesting thing that happens at zero degrees . depending on what direction you 're going , either the freezing point of water or the melting point of ice , something interesting happens . as i add more heat , the temperature does not to go up .
so if bromine reaches its melting point , what happens ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
we 're still a solid . and then , we finally turn into a liquid . let 's say right there .
since anything can be turned into a solid , liquid , or gas by adding or removing heat , why does n't burning wood turn into a liquid ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
at least , as far as my neural connections could make it . but enthalpy is closely related to heat . it 's heat content . for our purposes , when you hear someone say change in enthalpy , you should really just be thinking of change in heat .
would atm be equivalent to heat ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule .
about phase transitions , do all materials and elements follow the same rule of giving more heat changes into gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now the question is , how do we measure the amount of heat that it takes to do this to water ? and to explain that , i 'll actually draw a phase change diagram . which is a fancy way of describing something fairly straightforward .
how does a phase change graph differ from a cooling curve ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so you have oxygen there . you have some bonds to hydrogen . and then you have two extra pairs of valence electrons in the oxygen .
do all the hydrogen bonds break from the heat of fusion ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let 's say that that hydrogen is going to want to be near this oxygen . because this has partial negative charge , this has a partial positive charge . and then i could do another one right there .
in a compound like water will the oxygen always have a partial negative ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil . but something happens .
do hydrogen bonding and dipole forces play role in the anomalous behavior of water ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
that 's not very scientific . but they would vibrate around , they would buzz around a little bit . i 'm drawing arrows to show that they are vibrating .
what would happen if we boil blood ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
by falling towards each other , in theory , they could do some work . so what 's happening here is , when we 're contributing heat -- and this amount of heat we 're contributing , it 's called the heat of fusion . because it 's the same amount of heat regardless how much direction we go in .
why is the heat of vapourisation greater than the heat of fusion ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
at least , as far as my neural connections could make it . but enthalpy is closely related to heat . it 's heat content .
can anyone explain me the term enthalpy ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so this is ice in our example . all solids are n't ice . although , you could think of a rock as solid magma .
why are liquids termed as in-compressible and solids as not-compressible ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
well , that 's temperature . then this lattice structure will be solid . these molecules will not move relative to each other .
what is a `` lattice structure '' ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let 's say that that hydrogen is going to want to be near this oxygen . because this has partial negative charge , this has a partial positive charge . and then i could do another one right there .
what does it mean to say that a positive charge is surrounded and held by a sea of electrons ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and we talked about that a little bit . and on the hydrogen side of the molecules , you end up with a slightly positive charge . now , if these molecules have very little kinetic energy , they 're not moving around a whole lot , then the positive sides of the hydrogens are very attracted to the negative sides of oxygen...
why do solutions showing positive deviation from raoult 's law have enthalapy as endothermic ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
not just how the atoms are interacting with each other within a molecule . i just drew one oxygen , let me copy and paste that . but i could do multiple oxygens .
what is the s symbol that sal drew ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so what happens at zero degrees ? which is also 273.15 kelvin . let 's say that 's that line .
is plasma also present in earth ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
because this has partial negative charge , this has a partial positive charge . and then i could do another one right there . and then maybe we 'll have , and just to make the point clear , you have two hydrogens here , maybe an oxygen wants to hang out there .
during gaseous mode when molecules completely separate from each other , we could say that the distance from one molecule to another reduces electronegativity ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
at least , as far as my neural connections could make it . but enthalpy is closely related to heat . it 's heat content . for our purposes , when you hear someone say change in enthalpy , you should really just be thinking of change in heat .
is heat attracted to coldness ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and this is the temperature . we 'll talk about the states of matter in a second . so heat is often denoted by q .
if there is 4 states of matter , how come we are n't learning about plasma ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
the best way to think about it is heat content . change in enthalpy is really just change in heat . and just remember , all of these things , whether we 're talking about heat , kinetic energy , potential energy , enthalpy .
why does liquid change to steam ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
temperature is average kinetic energy . let 's say i 'm in the solid state here . and i 'll do the solid state in purple . no i already was using purple .
what type of state is glass ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i 'll use magenta . so as i add heat , my temperature will go up . heat is a form of energy .
how is heat different from temperature ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
i 'll do it in celsius because that 's what we 're familiar with . what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil .
what happens when you continually add heat to a gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
does a sooty flame contains gases and tiny solid paricles ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and then finally , after that point , we 're completely vaporized , or we 're completely steam . then we can start getting hot , the steam can then get hotter as we add more and more heat to the system . so the interesting question , i think it 's intuitive , that as you add heat here , our temperature is going to go u...
1so , when you go high enough , does it stop getting hotter as gas turns to plasma ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
how many states of matter are there altogether other than solid , liquid and gas ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
the best way to think about it is heat content . change in enthalpy is really just change in heat . and just remember , all of these things , whether we 're talking about heat , kinetic energy , potential energy , enthalpy .
5 , sal says `` the change in enthalpy is the change in heat content '' is n't 'enthalpy ' : the energy that is stored in bonds ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
at least , as far as my neural connections could make it . but enthalpy is closely related to heat . it 's heat content . for our purposes , when you hear someone say change in enthalpy , you should really just be thinking of change in heat .
so why would enthalpy be refered to as 'heat content ' ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
then , when we 're at this phase change from solid to liquid , that heat is being used to add potential energy into the system . to pull the molecules apart , to give them more potential energy . if you pull me apart from the earth , you 're giving me potential energy .
when sal refers to 'pulling the molecules apart to give them potential energy ' , is he basically referring to translational energy ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
now let 's say at low temperatures i 'm here and as i add heat my temperature will go up . temperature is average kinetic energy . let 's say i 'm in the solid state here .
when the temperature does not rise , does the heat convert into translational instead of kinetic energy ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil . but something happens .
why the is structure of water not linear but bent ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so let 's just draw a water molecule . so you have oxygen there . you have some bonds to hydrogen . and then you have two extra pairs of valence electrons in the oxygen . and a couple of videos ago , we said oxygen is a lot more electronegative than the hydrogen . it likes to hog the electrons .
how is oxygen more electro negitive than hydrogen ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
what state of matter is fire ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
the temperature was not increasing . but the ice was going from ice to water . so what was happening at that state , is that the kinetic energy , the heat , was being used to essentially break these bonds .
why volume of ice is more than that of water even though it is a solid ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so let 's just draw a water molecule . so you have oxygen there . you have some bonds to hydrogen . and then you have two extra pairs of valence electrons in the oxygen . and a couple of videos ago , we said oxygen is a lot more electronegative than the hydrogen . it likes to hog the electrons . so even though this sho...
when sal said the oxygen atom tends to 'hog ' the electrons , it that because it has a larger mass than hydrogen ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
just before few weak in news there was 6th state of matter 1 ) solid 2 ) liquid 3 ) gas 4 ) plasma 5 ) bose-einstein condensate 6 ) ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
is there 6th -7th state of matter exists ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
if you start with water and you make it colder and colder and colder to zero degrees , you 're essentially taking heat out of the water . you can have zero degree water and it has n't turned into ice yet . and likewise , you could have 100 degree water that has n't turned into steam yeat . you have to add more energy .
at 10 : is it possible to have < 0 degree c liquid water or > 100 degree c liquid water ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
i wonder what state is a black hole 's matter ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so what was happening at that state , is that the kinetic energy , the heat , was being used to essentially break these bonds . and essentially bring the molecules into a higher energy state . so you 're saying , sal , what does that mean , higher energy state ? well , if there was n't all of this heat and all this kin...
what element is easiest to get to a plasma state and how much energy does it take ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
let me draw these bonds , these polar bonds that start forming between the particles . these bonds , they 're called polar bonds because the molecules themselves are polar . and you can see it forms this lattice structure .
what does sal mean when he says '' molecules themselves are polar '' ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
the temperature was not increasing . but the ice was going from ice to water . so what was happening at that state , is that the kinetic energy , the heat , was being used to essentially break these bonds .
why the density of ice is less than water even the molecules of water are far apart than ice ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and then while the temperature is constant , it stays a solid . we 're still a solid . and then , we finally turn into a liquid . let 's say right there .
is it possible to turn a gas straight into a solid without it turning into a liquid ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
what is state of a matter of fire ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
temperature is average kinetic energy . let 's say i 'm in the solid state here . and i 'll do the solid state in purple . no i already was using purple .
how do u determine the state of a molecular compound in reactions ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
well , it 's joules . force times distance . but anyway , that 's a side-note .
if the heat is provided the force of attraction between molecules remains unaffected so why do the particles in liquid and gases repel each other ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
at least , as far as my neural connections could make it . but enthalpy is closely related to heat . it 's heat content . for our purposes , when you hear someone say change in enthalpy , you should really just be thinking of change in heat .
when someone heat a piece of wood in a room which does't have air , what will happen ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
so this is ice in our example . all solids are n't ice . although , you could think of a rock as solid magma .
why do only some solids like napthalene , iodine etc sublime ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
what happens ? that 's the temperature at which water will vaporize or which water will boil . but something happens .
what is the density of water ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
but what is it about water that makes it solid , and when it 's colder , what allows it to be liquid . and i 'll be frank , liquids are kind of fascinating because you can never nail them down , i guess is the best way to view them . or a gas .
what r miscible and immiscible liquids ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
you can have zero degree water and it has n't turned into ice yet . and likewise , you could have 100 degree water that has n't turned into steam yeat . you have to add more energy .
1.09 : is n't steam actually a liquid ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
or a gas . so let 's just draw a water molecule . so you have oxygen there .
when a water molecule is connecting to another water molecule , how can the hydrogen atom connect to two oxygen atoms , as it already has a full shell of two when covalently bonding with the first oxygen atom ?
i think we 're all reasonably familiar with the three states of matter in our everyday world . at very high temperatures you get a fourth . but the three ones that we normally deal with are , things could be a solid , a liquid , or it could be a gas . and we have this general notion , and i think water is the example t...
and let me write this down . this is in the solid phase , or the solid state of matter . now something very interesting happens .
does anyone know what the process is called when bec changes to solid , and when solid changes into bec ?