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an abbreviator (plural "abbreviators" in english and "abbreviatores" in latin) or breviator was a writer of the papal chancery who adumbrated and prepared in correct form papal bulls, briefs, and consistorial decrees before these were written out in extenso by the scriptores. they are first mentioned in the papal bull ... |
ʿabd al-laṭīf al-baghdādī (, 1162 baghdad–1231 baghdad), short for muwaffaq al-dīn muḥammad ʿabd al-laṭīf ibn yūsuf al-baghdādī (), was a physician, philosopher, historian, arabic grammarian and traveller, and one of the most voluminous writers of his time. biography many details of ʿabd al-laṭīf al-baghdādī's life are... |
abd al-rahman i ibn mu’awiya (in full: abd al-rahman ibn mu'awiya ibn hisham ibn abd al-malik ibn marwan; 7 march 731 – 30 september 788; arabic: عبد الرحمن الأول) was the founder of the umayyad dynasty that ruled the greater part of iberia in al-andalus for nearly three centuries (including the succeeding caliphate of... |
abd ar-rahman ii () (792–852) was the fourth umayyad emir of córdoba in al-andalus from 822 until his death. a vigorous and effective frontier warrior, he was also well known as a patron of the arts. abd ar-rahman was born in toledo, the son of emir al-hakam i. in his youth he took part in the so-called "massacre of th... |
ʿabd al-raḥmān ibn muḥammad ibn ʿabd allāh ibn muḥammad ibn ʿabd al-raḥmān ibn al-ḥakam al-rabdī ibn hishām ibn ʿabd al-raḥmān al-dākhil (; 890–961), or simply ʿabd al-raḥmān iii, was the umayyad emir of córdoba from 912 to 929, at which point he founded the caliphate of córdoba, serving as its first caliph until his d... |
abd ar-rahman iv mortada () was the caliph of córdoba in the umayyad dynasty in al-andalus, succeeding sulayman ibn al-hakam, in 1018. that same year, he was murdered at cadiz while fleeing from a battle in which he had been deserted by the very supporters which had brought him into power. his brief reign was similar t... |
abd ar-rahman v () was an umayyad caliph of córdoba. in the agony of the umayyad dynasty in the al-andalus (moorish iberia), two princes of the house were proclaimed caliph of córdoba for a very short time, abd-ar-rahman iv mortada (1017), and abd-ar-rahman v mostadir (1023–1024). both were the mere puppets of factions... |
abdulaziz (; ; 8 february 18304 june 1876) was the sultan of the ottoman empire from 25 june 1861 to 30 may 1876, when he was overthrown in a government coup. he was a son of sultan mahmud ii and succeeded his brother abdulmejid i in 1861. born at eyüp palace, constantinople (present-day istanbul), on 8 february 1830, ... |
abdera was an ancient carthaginian and roman port on a hill above the modern adra on the southeastern mediterranean coast of spain. it was located between malaca (now málaga) and carthago nova (now cartagena) in the district inhabited by the bastuli. name abdera shares its name with a city in thrace and another in nort... |
abdera () is a municipality in the xanthi regional unit of thrace, greece. in classical antiquity, it was a major greek polis on the thracian coast. the ancient polis is to be distinguished from the municipality, which was named in its honor. the polis lay 17 km east-northeast of the mouth of the nestos river, almost d... |
apollos () was a 1st-century alexandrian jewish christian mentioned several times in the new testament. a contemporary and colleague of paul the apostle, he played an important role in the early development of the churches of ephesus and corinth. biblical account acts of the apostles apollos is first mentioned as a chr... |
the community acquis or acquis communautaire (; ), sometimes called the eu acquis and often shortened to acquis, is the accumulated legislation, legal acts and court decisions that constitute the body of european union law that came into being since 1993. the term is french: acquis meaning "that which has been acquired... |
an antacid is a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity and is used to relieve heartburn, indigestion or an upset stomach. some antacids have been used in the treatment of constipation and diarrhea. marketed antacids contain salts of aluminium, calcium, magnesium, or sodium. some preparations contain a combination ... |
an anti-diarrhoeal drug (or anti-diarrheal drug in american english) is any medication which provides symptomatic relief for diarrhoea. types electrolyte solutions, while not true antidiarrhoeals, are used to replace lost fluids and salts in acute cases. bulking agents like methylcellulose, guar gum or plant fibre (bra... |
áed mac cináeda (modern scottish gaelic: aodh mac choinnich; ; anglicized: hugh; died 878) was a son of cináed mac ailpín. he became king of the picts in 877, when he succeeded his brother constantín mac cináeda. he was nicknamed áed of the white flowers, the wing-footed () or the white-foot (). sources the chronicle o... |
abdulhamid or abdul hamid i (, `abdü’l-ḥamīd-i evvel; ; 20 march 1725 – 7 april 1789) was the 27th sultan of the ottoman empire from 1774 to 1789. early life abdul hamid was born on 20 march 1725, in constantinople. he was a younger son of sultan ahmed iii (reigned 1703–1730) and his consort şermi kadın. ahmed iii abdi... |
abdur rahman khan, gcsi (pashto/dari: ) (between 1840 and 1844 – 1 october 1901) also known by his epithets, the iron amir, or the dracula amir, was amir of afghanistan from 1880 to his death in 1901. he is known for uniting the country after years of internal fighting and negotiation of the durand line agreement with ... |
the abencerrages or abencerrajes (from the arabic for "saddler's son") were a family or faction that is said to have held a prominent position in the kingdom of granada in the 15th century. the name appears to have been derived from yussuf ben-serragh, the head of the tribe in the time of muhammed vii, sultan of granad... |
aberavon (welsh: aberafan) is a constituency represented in the house of commons of the parliament of the united kingdom since 2015 by stephen kinnock of the welsh labour party. it includes the town of aberavon, although the largest town in the constituency is port talbot. the constituency is set to be abolished, as pa... |
abercarn is a town and community in caerphilly county borough, wales. it is 10 miles (16 km) northwest of newport on the a467 between cwmcarn and newbridge, within the historic boundaries of monmouthshire. history an estate at abercarn was owned by the ironmaster richard crawshay; in 1808, it passed to his son-in-law, ... |
aberdare ( ; ) is a town in the cynon valley area of rhondda cynon taf, wales, at the confluence of the rivers dare (dâr) and cynon. aberdare has a population of 39,550 (mid-2017 estimate). aberdare is south-west of merthyr tydfil, north-west of cardiff and east-north-east of swansea. during the 19th century it became ... |
an aberration is something that deviates from the normal way. aberration may also refer to: biology and medicine form (zoology) or aberration, a rare mutant butterfly or moth wing pattern cardiac aberrancy, aberration in the shape of the ekg signal chromosome aberration, abnormal number or structure of chromosomes ente... |
in astronomy, aberration (also referred to as astronomical aberration, stellar aberration, or velocity aberration) is a phenomenon where celestial objects exhibit an apparent motion about their true positions based on the velocity of the observer: it causes objects to appear to be displaced towards the observer's direc... |
in optics, aberration is a property of optical systems, such as lenses, that causes light to be spread out over some region of space rather than focused to a point. aberrations cause the image formed by a lens to be blurred or distorted, with the nature of the distortion depending on the type of aberration. aberration ... |
amy lee grant (born november 25, 1960) is an american singer-songwriter and musician. she began in contemporary christian music (ccm) before crossing over to pop music in the 1980s and 1990s. she has been referred to as "the queen of christian pop". she had sold more than 30 million albums worldwide, won six grammy awa... |
arthur william à beckett (25 october 1844 – 14 january 1909) was an english journalist and intellectual. biography he was a younger son of gilbert abbott à beckett and mary anne à beckett, brother of gilbert arthur à beckett and educated at felsted school. besides fulfilling other journalistic engagements, beckett was ... |
aberdeen (lakota: ablíla) is a city in and the county seat of brown county, south dakota, united states, located approximately northeast of pierre. the city population was 28,495 at the 2020 census, making it the third most populous city in the state after sioux falls and rapid city. aberdeen is home of northern state ... |
au, au, au or a.u. may refer to: science and technology computing .au, the internet country code for australia au file format, sun microsystems' audio format audio units, a system level plug-in architecture from apple computer adobe audition, a sound editor program windows update or automatic updates, in microsoft wind... |
aberdour (; scots: , ) is a scenic and historic village on the south coast of fife, scotland. it is on the north shore of the firth of forth, looking south to the island of inchcolm and its abbey, and to leith and edinburgh beyond. according to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 1,633. the village's windi... |
aberfoyle () is a village in the historic county and registration county of perthshire and the council area of stirling, scotland. the settlement lies northwest of glasgow. the parish of aberfoyle takes its name from this village, and had a population of 1,065 at the 2011 census. geography the town is situated on the r... |
abergavenny (; , archaically abergafenni meaning "mouth of the river gavenny") is a market town and community in monmouthshire, wales. abergavenny is promoted as a gateway to wales; it is approximately from the border with england and is located where the a40 trunk road and the a465 heads of the valleys road meet. orig... |
abersychan is a town and community north of pontypool in torfaen, wales, and lies within the boundaries of the historic county of monmouthshire and the preserved county of gwent. abersychan lies in the narrow northern section of the afon lwyd valley. the town includes two schools; abersychan comprehensive school and vi... |
abertillery (; ) is a town and a community of the ebbw fach valley in the historic county of monmouthshire, wales. following local government reorganisation it became part of the blaenau gwent county borough administrative area. the surrounding landscape borders the brecon beacons national park and the blaenavon world ... |
abeyance (from the old french meaning "gaping") is a state of expectancy in respect of property, titles or office, when the right to them is not vested in any one person, but awaits the appearance or determination of the true owner. in law, the term abeyance can be applied only to such future estates as have not yet ve... |
anders celsius (; 27 november 170125 april 1744) was a swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician. he was professor of astronomy at uppsala university from 1730 to 1744, but traveled from 1732 to 1735 visiting notable observatories in germany, italy and france. he founded the uppsala astronomical observatory in 17... |
adam carolla (born may 27, 1964) is an american radio personality, comedian, actor and podcaster. he hosts the adam carolla show, a talk show distributed as a podcast which set the record as the "most downloaded podcast" as judged by guinness world records in 2011. carolla co-hosted the syndicated radio call-in program... |
autocorrelation, sometimes known as serial correlation in the discrete time case, is the correlation of a signal with a delayed copy of itself as a function of delay. informally, it is the similarity between observations of a random variable as a function of the time lag between them. the analysis of autocorrelation is... |
atlas autocode (aa) is a programming language developed around 1963 at the university of manchester. a variant of the language algol, it was developed by tony brooker and derrick morris for the atlas computer. the initial aa and ab compilers were written by jeff rohl and tony brooker using the brooker-morris compiler-c... |
arthur j. stone (1847–1938), a leading american silversmith, was born, trained and worked in sheffield, england, and edinburgh, scotland, before travelling to the united states in 1884. he was one of the last silversmiths in america to train apprentices to carry out designs in hand-wrought silver. in 1901, stone set up... |
the au file format is a simple audio file format introduced by sun microsystems. the format was common on next systems and on early web pages. originally it was headerless, being simply 8-bit μ-law-encoded data at an 8000 hz sample rate. hardware from other vendors often used sample rates as high as 8192 hz, often inte... |
events pre-1600 404 bc – admiral lysander and king pausanias of sparta blockade athens and bring the peloponnesian war to a successful conclusion. 775 – the battle of bagrevand puts an end to an armenian rebellion against the abbasid caliphate. muslim control over the south caucasus is solidified and its islamization b... |
events pre-1600 1479 bc – thutmose iii ascends to the throne of egypt, although power effectively shifts to hatshepsut (according to the low chronology of the 18th dynasty). 1183 bc – traditional reckoning of the fall of troy marking the end of the legendary trojan war, given by chief librarian of the library of alexan... |
events pre-1600 451 – attila the hun captures metz in france, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. 529 – first corpus juris civilis, a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by eastern roman emperor justinian i. 1141 – empress matilda becomes the first female ruler of england, adopting the title ... |
andalusia (, ; ) is the southernmost autonomous community in peninsular spain. andalusia is located in the south of the iberian peninsula, in southwestern europe. it is the most populous and the second-largest autonomous community in the country. it is officially recognised as a historical nationality and a national re... |
abhorrers, the name given in 1679 to the persons who expressed their abhorrence at the action of those who had signed petitions urging king charles ii of england to assemble parliament. feeling against catholics, and especially against james, duke of york, was running strongly; the exclusion bill had been passed by the... |
abiathar ( ʾeḇyāṯār, "father (of) abundance"/"abundant father"), in the hebrew bible, is a son of ahimelech or ahijah, high priest at nob, the fourth in descent from eli and the last of eli's house to be a high priest. bible account abiathar was the only one of the priests to escape from saul's (reigned c. 1020–1000 bc... |
abigail () was an israelite woman in the hebrew bible married to nabal; she married the future king david after nabal's death (1 samuel ). abigail was david's third wife, after ahinoam and saul's daughter, michal, whom saul later married to palti, son of laish, when david went into hiding. abigail became the mother of ... |
abila, also spelled abyla, may refer to: places abila in the decapolis, ancient city in the levant abila lysaniou, capital of ancient abilene, northwest of present-day damascus, syria abila (peraea), archaeological site in jordan abila, latin name of ávila, spain abyla, roman colony in the province of mauretania tingit... |
azad jammu and kashmir (; , ), abbreviated as ajk and colloquially referred to as simply azad kashmir, is a region administered by pakistan as a nominally self-governing entity and constituting the western portion of the larger kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between india and pakistan since 194... |
the arabian sea () is a region of sea in the northern indian ocean, bounded on the west by the arabian peninsula, gulf of aden and guardafui channel, on the northwest by gulf of oman and iran, on the north by pakistan, on the east by india, and on the southeast by the laccadive sea and the maldives, on the southwest by... |
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