text stringlengths 0 210k |
|---|
aspartame is an artificial non-saccharide sweetener 200 times sweeter than sucrose and is commonly used as a sugar substitute in foods and beverages. it is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid/phenylalanine dipeptide with brand names nutrasweet, equal, and canderel. aspartame was approved by the us food and drug adminis... |
autocad is a 2d and 3d computer-aided design (cad) software application for desktop, web, and mobile developed by autodesk. it was first released in december 1982 for the cp/m and ibm pc platforms as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers. initially a dos application, subsequent vers... |
autocad dxf (drawing interchange format, or drawing exchange format) is a cad data file format developed by autodesk for enabling data interoperability between autocad and other programs. dxf was introduced in december 1982 as part of autocad 1.0, and was intended to provide an exact representation of the data in the a... |
asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. the offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms inherit the full set of genes of their single parent and thus the newly created individua... |
aelbert jacobszoon cuyp or cuijp (; 20 october 1620 – 15 november 1691) was one of the leading dutch golden age painters, producing mainly landscapes. the most famous of a family of painters, the pupil of his father, jacob gerritszoon cuyp (1594–1651/52), he is especially known for his large views of dutch riverside sc... |
in organic chemistry, an alkene is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon–carbon double bond. the double bond may be internal or in the terminal position. terminal alkenes are also known as α-olefins. the international union of pure and applied chemistry (iupac) recommends using the name "alkene" only for acyclic hydrocarbo... |
in organic chemistry, allenes are organic compounds in which one carbon atom has double bonds with each of its two adjacent carbon atoms (, where r is h or some organyl group). allenes are classified as cumulated dienes. the parent compound of this class is propadiene (), which is itself also called allene. an group of... |
acetylene propyne 1-butyne in organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. the simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula . alkynes are traditionally known a... |
abiword () is a free and open-source software word processor. it is written in c++ and since version 3 it is based on gtk+ 3. the name "abiword" is derived from the root of the spanish word "abierto", meaning "open". abiword was originally started by sourcegear corporation as the first part of a proposed abisuite but w... |
the ames test is a widely employed method that uses bacteria to test whether a given chemical can cause mutations in the dna of the test organism. more formally, it is a biological assay to assess the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds. a positive test indicates that the chemical is mutagenic and therefore may a... |
angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ace inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. this class of medicine works by causing relaxation of blood vessels as well as a decrease in blood volume, which leads to lower blood pressure and decreased oxyg... |
an antianginal is a drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, a symptom of ischaemic heart disease. examples drugs used are nitrates, beta blockers, or calcium channel blockers. nitrates nitrates cause vasodilation of the venous capacitance vessels by stimulating the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (edrf). use... |
the anatomical therapeutic chemical (atc) classification system is a drug classification system that classifies the active ingredients of drugs according to the organ or system on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties. its purpose is an aid to monitor drug use and for research to... |
parallel ata (pata), originally , also known as ide, is a standard interface designed for ibm pc-compatible computers. it was first developed by western digital and compaq in 1986 for compatible hard drives and cd or dvd drives. the connection is used for storage devices such as hard disk drives, floppy disk drives, an... |
the atari 2600 is a home video game console developed and produced by atari, inc. released in september 1977, it popularized microprocessor-based hardware and games stored on swappable rom cartridges, a format first used with the fairchild channel f in 1976. branded as the atari video computer system (atari vcs) from i... |
the atari 5200 supersystem or simply atari 5200 is a home video game console introduced in 1982 by atari, inc. as a higher-end complement for the popular atari video computer system. the vcs was renamed to the atari 2600 at the time of the 5200's launch. created to compete with mattel's intellivision, the 5200 wound up... |
the atari 7800 prosystem, or simply the atari 7800, is a home video game console officially released by atari corporation in 1986 as the successor to both the atari 2600 and atari 5200. it can run almost all atari 2600 cartridges, making it one of the first consoles with backward compatibility. it shipped with a differ... |
the atari jaguar is a home video game console developed by atari corporation and released in north america in november 1993. part of the fifth generation of video game consoles, it competed with the 16-bit sega genesis, the super nes and the 32-bit 3do interactive multiplayer that launched the same year. powered by two... |
the atari lynx is a hybrid 8/16-bit fourth-generation hand-held game console released by atari corporation in september 1989 in north america and 1990 in europe and japan. it was the first handheld game console with a color liquid-crystal display. powered by a 16 mhz 65c02 8-bit cpu and a custom 16-bit blitter, the lyn... |
(, iast: , ) is the ancient indian principle of nonviolence which applies to actions towards all living beings. it is a key virtue in indian religions like jainism, buddhism, hinduism, and sikhism. is one of the cardinal virtues of jainism, where it is the first of the pancha mahavrata. it is also one of the central pr... |
the annals of mathematics is a mathematical journal published every two months by princeton university and the institute for advanced study. history the journal was established as the analyst in 1874 and with joel e. hendricks as the founding editor-in-chief. it was "intended to afford a medium for the presentation and... |
andrei dmitrievich sakharov (; 21 may 192114 december 1989) was a soviet physicist and a nobel peace prize laureate, which he was awarded in 1975 for emphasizing human rights around the world. although he spent his career in physics in the soviet program of nuclear weapons, overseeing the development of thermonuclear w... |
astrobiology is a scientific field within the life and environmental sciences that studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe by investigating its deterministic conditions and contingent events. as a discipline, astrobiology is founded on the premise that life may exist beyon... |
an air show (or airshow, air fair, air tattoo) is a public event where aircraft are exhibited. they often include aerobatics demonstrations, without they are called "static air shows" with aircraft parked on the ground. the largest air show measured by number of exhibitors and size of exhibit space is le bourget, follo... |
the anthropic principle, also known as the "observation selection effect", is the hypothesis, first proposed in 1957 by robert dicke, that the range of possible observations that could be made about the universe is limited by the fact that observations could happen only in a universe capable of developing intelligent l... |
the australian army is the principal land warfare force of australia, a part of the australian defence force (adf) along with the royal australian navy and the royal australian air force. the army is commanded by the chief of army (ca), who is subordinate to the chief of the defence force (cdf) who commands the adf. th... |
the american registry for internet numbers (arin) is the regional internet registry for the united states, canada, and many caribbean and north atlantic islands. arin manages the distribution of internet number resources, including ipv4 and ipv6 address space and as numbers. arin opened for business on december 22, 199... |
isaac asimov (1920–1992) was a writer. asimov may also refer to: people stanley asimov, isaac asimov's brother. eric asimov, isaac asimov's nephew. places asimov (crater), an impact crater on mars, named after isaac asimov 5020 asimov, an asteroid named after isaac asimov other asimov (surname) asimov's science fiction... |
is a neighborhood in the chiyoda ward of tokyo, japan, generally considered to be the area surrounding akihabara station. administratively, the area named akihabara is actually found in the and kanda-sakumachō districts in chiyoda. there also exists an administrative district called akihabara in the taitō ward further ... |
active directory (ad) is a directory service developed by microsoft for windows domain networks. windows server operating systems include it as a set of processes and services. originally, only centralized domain management used active directory. however, it ultimately became an umbrella title for various directory-bas... |
arianism is a nontrinitarian christological doctrine. arian may also refer to: pertaining to arius a follower of arius, a christian presbyter in the 3rd and 4th century arian controversy, several controversies which divided the early christian church arian fragment, arian palimpsest people groups of people arians or ar... |
aldona (baptized ona or anna; her pagan name, aldona, is known only from the writings of maciej stryjkowski; – 26 may 1339) was queen consort of poland (1333–1339), and a princess of the grand duchy of lithuania. she was the daughter of gediminas, grand duke of lithuania. biography aldona married casimir iii of poland,... |
aron nimzowitsch (, , aron isayevich nimtsovich; 7 november 1886 – 16 march 1935) was a latvian born-danish chess player and writer. in the late 1920s, nimzowitsch was one of the best chess players in the world. he was the foremost figure amongst the hypermoderns and wrote a very influential book on chess theory: my sy... |
aragonese ( ; in aragonese) is a romance language spoken in several dialects by about 12,000 people as of 2011, in the pyrenees valleys of aragon, spain, primarily in the comarcas of somontano de barbastro, jacetania, alto gállego, sobrarbe, and ribagorza/ribagorça. it is the only modern language which survived from me... |
advanced mobile phone system (amps) was an analog mobile phone system standard originally developed by bell labs and later modified in a cooperative effort between bell labs and motorola. it was officially introduced in the americas on october 13, 1983, and was deployed in many other countries too, including israel in ... |
aerodynamics ( aero (air) + (dynamics)) is the study of the motion of air, particularly when affected by a solid object, such as an airplane wing. it involves topics covered in the field of fluid dynamics and its subfield of gas dynamics, and is an important domain of study in aeronautics. the term aerodynamics is ofte... |
andreas schlüter (1659 – c. june 1714) was a german baroque sculptor and architect, active in the holy roman empire of the german nation, the polish–lithuanian commonwealth, and the russian tsardom. biography andreas schlüter was born probably in hamburg. his early life is obscure as at least three different persons of... |
ash or ashes are the solid remnants of fires. specifically, ash refers to all non-aqueous, non-gaseous residues that remain after something burns. in analytical chemistry, to analyse the mineral and metal content of chemical samples, ash is the non-gaseous, non-liquid residue after complete combustion. ashes as the end... |
in calculus, an antiderivative, inverse derivative, primitive function, primitive integral or indefinite integral of a function is a differentiable function whose derivative is equal to the original function . this can be stated symbolically as . the process of solving for antiderivatives is called antidifferentiation ... |
"the abc song" is the best-known song used to recite the english alphabet in alphabetical order. it is commonly used to teach the alphabet to children in english-speaking countries. "the abc song" was first copyrighted in 1835 by boston music publisher charles bradlee. the melody is from a 1761 french music book and is... |
the antigonid dynasty (; ) was a hellenistic dynasty of dorian greek provenance, descended from alexander the great's general antigonus i monophthalmus ("the one-eyed") that ruled mainly in macedonia. history in 309 bc, cassander commanded glaucias to secretly assassinate the 14-year-old alexander iv of macedon and his... |
abingdon may refer to: places united kingdom abingdon-on-thames, oxfordshire abingdon (uk parliament constituency) 1558–1983 abingdon railway station (closed) united states abingdon, iowa abingdon, illinois abingdon, maryland abingdon, virginia abingdon (plantation), virginia other countries abingdon downs, queensland,... |
abjuration is the solemn repudiation, abandonment, or renunciation by or upon oath, often the renunciation of citizenship or some other right or privilege. the term comes from the latin abjurare, "to forswear". abjuration of the realm abjuration of the realm was a type of abjuration in ancient english law. the person t... |
abitibi may refer to: election districts in canada abitibi—témiscamingue abitibi—baie-james—nunavik—eeyou abitibi (provincial electoral district) places in canada abitibi canyon, ontario, community on the abitibi river abitibi canyon generating station, hydroelectric power plant abitibi county, quebec, historical count... |
a vindication of the rights of woman: with strictures on political and moral subjects (1792), written by british philosopher and women's rights advocate mary wollstonecraft (1759–1797), is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. in it, wollstonecraft responds to those educational and political theorists of th... |
the afghan hound is a hound distinguished by its thick, fine, silky coat, and a tail with a ring curl at the end. the breed is selectively bred for its unique features in the cold mountains of afghanistan. its local name is () or (). other names for this breed are tāzī, balkh hound, baluchi hound, and barakzai hound. t... |
the azawakh is a breed of dog from west africa. with ancient origins, it is raised throughout the sahelian zone of mali, niger, and burkina faso. this region includes the azawagh valley for which the breed is named. while commonly associated with the nomadic tuareg people, they are also bred and owned by other ethnic g... |
acrylic paint is a fast-drying paint made of pigment suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion and plasticizers, silicone oils, defoamers, stabilizers, or metal soaps. most acrylic paints are water-based, but become water-resistant when dry. depending on how much the paint is diluted with water, or modified with acrylic ge... |
in physics, angular momentum (sometimes called moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational analog of linear momentum. it is an important physical quantity because it is a conserved quantity – the total angular momentum of a closed system remains constant. angular momentum has both a direction and a mag... |
the plum pudding model is one of several historical scientific models of the atom. first proposed by j. j. thomson in 1904 soon after the discovery of the electron, but before the discovery of the atomic nucleus, the model tried to account for two properties of atoms then known: that electrons are negatively charged su... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.