title stringlengths 0 1.13k | abstract stringlengths 1 15.7k | PMID int64 22 36.5M |
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Systematic review of the empirical evidence of study publication bias and outcome reporting bias. | The increased use of meta-analysis in systematic reviews of healthcare interventions has highlighted several types of bias that can arise during the completion of a randomised controlled trial. Study publication bias has been recognised as a potential threat to the validity of meta-analysis and can make the readily ava... | 18,769,481 |
Lymphotoxin-alpha plays only a minor role in host resistance to respiratory infection with virulent type A Francisella tularensis in mice. | This study examined the role of lymphotoxin (LT)-alpha in host defense against airborne infection with Francisella tularensis, a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of tularemia. Following a low-dose aerosol infection with the highly virulent type A strain of F. tularensis, mice de... | 18,769,490 |
Activation of Penile Proadipogenic Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma with an Estrogen: Interaction with Estrogen Receptor Alpha during Postnatal Development. | Exposure to the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) ligand diethylstilbesterol (DES) between neonatal days 2 to 12 induces penile adipogenesis and adult infertility in rats. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vivo interaction between DES-activated ERalpha and the proadipogenic transcription factor pero... | 18,769,493 |
Temporal Analysis of Valence & Electrostatics in Ion-Motive Sodium Pump. | The present work establishes a unique framework for the simulation study of ion-motive pumps in general and the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, or sodium pump, in particular. We shall discuss the implications of electrostatic analysis, valence calculations, and protein cavity data, each carried over data extracted from molecular dy... | 18,769,504 |
Accounting for change in declarative memory: A cognitive neuroscience perspective. | The medial temporal lobe memory system matures relatively early and supports rudimentary declarative memory in young infants. There is considerable development, however, in the memory processes that underlie declarative memory performance during infancy. Here we consider age-related changes in encoding, retention, and ... | 18,769,510 |
Identification of a 5-protein biomarker molecular signature for predicting Alzheimer's disease. | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disease with a huge cost to human lives. The impact of the disease is also a growing concern for the governments of developing countries, in particular due to the increasingly high number of elderly citizens at risk. Alzheimer's is the most common form of dementia, a comm... | 18,769,539 |
A statistical model for estimating maternal-zygotic interactions and parent-of-origin effects of QTLs for seed development. | Proper development of a seed requires coordinated exchanges of signals among the three components that develop side by side in the seed. One of these is the maternal integument that encloses the other two zygotic components, i.e., the diploid embryo and its nurturing annex, the triploid endosperm. Although the formatio... | 18,769,549 |
PPARalpha- and DEHP-Induced Cancers. | Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer and a potentially nongenotoxic carcinogen. Its mechanism had been earlier proposed based on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) because metabolites of DEHP are agonists. However, recent evidence also suggests the involvement of non-P... | 18,769,559 |
Impact and outcomes of an Iyengar yoga program in a cancer centre. | Individuals have increasingly sought complementary therapies to enhance health and well-being during cancer, although little evidence of their effect is available. We investigated how an Iyengar yoga program affects the self-identified worst symptom in a group of participants. Whether quality of life, spiritual well-be... | 18,769,575 |
Neural stem cell transplantation can ameliorate the phenotype of a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. | Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a motor neuron disease (MND) and one of the most common genetic causes of infant mortality, currently has no cure. Patients with SMA exhibit muscle weakness and hypotonia. Stem cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic strategy for SMA and other MNDs. In this study, we isolated spin... | 18,769,634 |
Constitutive and UV-B modulated transcription of Nod-like receptors and their functional partners in human corneal epithelial cells. | To determine the transcription pattern of Nod-like receptors (NLRs) and inflammasome components (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD [ASC], CARD inhibitor of NFkB-activating ligands [Cardinal], and caspase-1) in human corneal epithelial cells obtained from healthy individuals undergoing photorefra... | 18,769,647 |
An introduction to maternal mortality. | Approximately 529,000 women die from pregnancy-related causes annually and almost all (99%) of these maternal deaths occur in developing nations. One of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals is to reduce the maternal mortality rate by 75% by 2015. Causes of maternal mortality include postpartum hemorrhage, e... | 18,769,668 |
Global self-organization of the cellular metabolic structure. | Over many years, it has been assumed that enzymes work either in an isolated way, or organized in small catalytic groups. Several studies performed using "metabolic networks models" are helping to understand the degree of functional complexity that characterizes enzymatic dynamic systems. In a previous work, we used "d... | 18,769,681 |
WDR55 is a nucleolar modulator of ribosomal RNA synthesis, cell cycle progression, and teleost organ development. | The thymus is a vertebrate-specific organ where T lymphocytes are generated. Genetic programs that lead to thymus development are incompletely understood. We previously screened ethylnitrosourea-induced medaka mutants for recessive defects in thymus development. Here we report that one of those mutants is caused by a m... | 18,769,712 |
A C-terminal protease-resistant prion fragment distinguishes ovine "CH1641-like" scrapie from bovine classical and L-Type BSE in ovine transgenic mice. | The protease-resistant prion protein (PrP(res)) of a few natural scrapie isolates identified in sheep, reminiscent of the experimental isolate CH1641 derived from a British natural scrapie case, showed partial molecular similarities to ovine bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Recent discovery of an atypical form o... | 18,769,714 |
Trogocytosis of MHC-I/peptide complexes derived from tumors and infected cells enhances dendritic cell cross-priming and promotes adaptive T cell responses. | The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), two important components of the MHC-I antigen presentation pathway, are often deficient in tumor cells. The restoration of their expression has been shown to restore the antigenicity and immunogenicity of ... | 18,769,733 |
[Mycoplasma genitalium detection and correlation with clinical manifestations in population of the Zulia State, Venezuela]. | Diverse studies demonstrate an association between Mycoplasma genitalium and urogenital pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of M. genitalium in patients attending gynecological evaluation in private clinics (n = 172). DNA amplification assays of the genes 16S rRNA and MgPa were utilized... | 18,769,771 |
[Presence of metallo beta-lactamases in imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. | Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) confer high resistance to carbapenems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Psae). They are encoded in mobile elements of different genes (VIM, IMP, SMP, GIM), along with other resistance genes. To detect the presence of MBL in imipenem resistant Psae strains. Fifty-nine imipenem resistant Psae strai... | 18,769,784 |
[Renal function during cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation]. | Patients with valvular heart disease are at high risk of acute renal failure after surgery with extracorporeal circulation. To describe changes in renal function parameters during surgery with extracorporeal circulation in patients with valvular heart disease and compare them with those found in patients undergoing ele... | 18,769,788 |
[Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of hip fracture in Chilean elderly women]. | Osteoporotic hip fractures are devastating events in older women. There is a genetic modulation of bone phenotypic parameters including bone density (BMD) and bone fragility fractures. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms explain a small part of the genetic influence on BMD, whereas their effect on fractures rem... | 18,769,790 |
[Energy expenditure and body composition in severe and morbid obese women after gastric bypass]. | The effects of gastric bypass (GBP) on resting energy expenditure (REE) are not well known. To evaluate the changes in REE and its relationship with body composition in severe and morbid obese women before and six and twelve months after GBP. Twenty three women aged 37+/-10 years, with a body mass index of 44+/-4 kg/m(... | 18,769,803 |
[Prevalence of tuberculosis and its impact on mortality among HIV infected patients in Chile]. | Tuberculosis (TB) in Chile is reaching the elimination phase; however, in HIV positive individuals the incidence of TB in still very high. To describe the association between TB and HIV in different geographical regions in Chile, and to determine the association between TB and HIV/AIDS mortality. A retrospective study ... | 18,769,804 |
[Integration of clinical and biological data in clinical practice using bioinformatics]. | The aim of our work is to describe essential aspects of Medical Informatics, Bioinformatics and Biomedical Informatics, that are used in biomedical research and clinical practice. These disciplines have emerged from the need to find new scientific and technical approaches to manage, store, analyze and report data gener... | 18,769,814 |
[Protocol based sedation versus conventional treatment in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation]. | Sedatives and analgesic drugs give comfort and allow adequate respiratory support to critically ill patients in mechanical ventilation (MV). Its improper use may increase the duration of MV. Clinical guidelines suggest implementation of protocols, however this is seldom done in clinical practice. To compare in MV patie... | 18,769,826 |
[Present situation of hepatitis B in Chile]. | Hepatitis B virus infection generates carriers and 8% will evolve to a chronic phase. To perform a compilation of studies on hepatitis B in Chile and other sources of information to estimate the impact of this disease in our country. Published and unpublished evidence about the infection, in the general population and ... | 18,769,828 |
[Association between indoor contamination and respiratory diseases in children living in Temuco and Padre Las Casas, Chile]. | Indoor air pollution, is the main cause of population exposure to polluting agents. To establish an environmental profile of indoor contamination emission sources in families of children under 5 years that assist to kindergartens in Temuco and Padre Las Casas. To associate respiratory disease episodes in children with ... | 18,769,835 |
[General considerations, indications and contraindications for liver transplantation in Chile: a multicenter consensus development document]. | Liver transplantation is an excellent therapeutic option for terminal liver disease. During the last decades the results of liver transplantation have improved significantly with a patient survival rate of nearly 90% at one year and 80% at 5 years of follow-up. The main indications for liver transplantation include: en... | 18,769,839 |
Accuracy and inter-observer variation in the classification of dysarthria from speech recordings. | Dysarthria may be classified as flaccid, spastic, ataxic, hypokinetic, choreatic, dystonic, or mixed. We hypothesized that in routine neurological practice the reliability and accuracy of perceptual analysis alone in the classification of dysarthria is low and that this classification is mainly based on the clinical co... | 18,769,860 |
The in vitro anti-pathogenic activity of immunoglobulin concentrates extracted from ovine blood. | An immunoglobulin-rich fraction has been prepared from ovine blood in our laboratory. We have investigated its antibacterial activity and binding activity to pathogenic whole cell antigens, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Ovine immunoglobulin concentrate (OIC) comprised about 73 +/- 2% of IgG... | 18,769,875 |
Stress response kinetics of two nisin producer strains of Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis. | The purpose of this study is to determine the survival and nisin production behaviors of two strains of Lactococcus lactis under different stress conditions that represent the food ecosystem. In this respect, the survival ratios of two nisin producers were determined under different pH, temperature, NaCl, and bile salt... | 18,769,876 |
Effects of soya fatty acids on cassava ethanol fermentation. | Ethanol tolerance is a key trait of microbes in bioethanol production. Previous studies have shown that soya flour contributed to the increase of ethanol tolerance of yeast cells. In this paper, the mechanism of this ethanol tolerance improvement was investigated in cassava ethanol fermentation supplemented with soya f... | 18,769,879 |
Rational design and study on recognition property of paracetamol-imprinted polymer. | The design and study on recognition of paracetamol-imprinted polymer for application in quantification of drugs was reported. Base on our previous work, the promising monomer, itaconic acid (IA), was computationally selected rapidly from the virtual library using the interaction energy (DeltaE) between a paracetamol (P... | 18,769,881 |
Isolation and characterization of low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (LMWCr) from chicken liver. | Chromodulin (also known as low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance, LMWCr) is a chromium-binding oligopeptide proposed to play a role in insulin signaling and chromium transport in mammals. This laboratory has isolated and purified this material from a non-mammalian source, an avian. Spectroscopic and physical ... | 18,769,887 |
A study of acute febrile encephalopathy with special reference to viral etiology. | To study the etiological profile of patients with acute febrile encephalopathy syndrome focusing chiefly on the viral etiology, and to correlate clinical and radiological features of patients with viral encephalitis. A prospective hospital based study conducted on the consecutive patients admitted in a pediatric unit d... | 18,769,890 |
Recent advances in sepsis and septic shock. | Sepsis remains a common problem in all age groups. Recently surviving sepsis campaign has taken up a worldwide initiative by publishing international guidelines 2008 with a hope to disseminate information regarding management of sepsis for all age groups. This article presents a review of recent advances as they apply ... | 18,769,894 |
Molecular detection of exercise-induced free radicals following ascorbate prophylaxis in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a randomised controlled trial. | Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are more susceptible than healthy individuals to exercise-induced oxidative stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction, which has important implications for the progression of disease. Thus, in the present study, we designed a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to ... | 18,769,906 |
Effects of oxidation, pH and lipids on amyloidogenic peptide structure: implications for fibril formation? | We have performed experimental and computational studies to investigate the influences of phospholipids, methionine oxidation and acidic pH on amyloid fibril formation by a peptide derived from human apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II), a known component of proteinaceous atherosclerotic plaques. Fibril growth monitored by th... | 18,769,912 |
Expression of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 on the epithelial cell surface is regulated by hypoxic and oxidative stresses. | Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1)/spint-1 is a membrane-bound protease inhibitor that is thought to regulate the activities of hepatocyte growth factor activator, matriptase, hepsin, and prostasin. In this study, we show that the membrane form of HAI-1 was significantly upregulated immunohisto... | 18,769,935 |
Necrotic granulomatous pseudotumours in bilateral resurfacing hip arthoplasties: evidence for a type IV immune response. | Clinical, radiological and histological findings were analysed in four patients who developed bilateral pseudotumours following metal-on-metal (MoM) resurfacing arthroplasties of both hips. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against HLA-DR, macrophages (CD14, CD68), dendritic cells (DC-SIGN, S100, CD11c), ... | 18,769,936 |
The pre-lymphatic pathway, the rooths of the lymphatic system in breast tissue: a 3D study. | Three-dimensional (3D) visualisation of microscopic structures provides useful information about their configuration and the spatial (hence functional) relationship between different components in tissues. This paper describes 3D dynamic reconstructions of the pre-lymphatic labyrinth in two cases of "normal" breast cor... | 18,769,937 |
Metabolic tumor width parameters as determined on PET/CT predict disease-free survival and treatment response in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. | We investigated the utility of metabolic tumor width parameters in predicting response to chemoradiotherapy and in predicting disease-free survival in patients with esophageal cancer. Furthermore, we evaluated the possible confounding effect of therapy-induced esophagitis on the evaluation of treatment response. Forty-... | 18,769,974 |
Prognostication in acutely admitted older patients by nurses and physicians. | The process of prognostication has not been described for acutely hospitalized older patients. To investigate (1) which factors are associated with 90-day mortality risk in a group of acutely hospitalized older medical patients, and (2) whether adding a clinical impression score of nurses or physicians improves the dis... | 18,769,983 |
The spectrum of abdominal tuberculosis in a developed country: a single institution's experience over 7 years. | The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is rising, and as a result, tuberculosis (TB) has become a resurgent problem in many developed countries. The aim of this study was to review the spectrum of abdominal TB and its surgical management in our institution. A retrospective review of all abdominal... | 18,769,984 |
Simultaneous microwave ablation using multiple antennas in explanted bovine livers: relationship between ablative zone and antenna. | Our purpose was to determine the optimal antenna spacing to achieve large ablative zones without indentations when microwave ablation is performed with simultaneous activation of two or three antennas. Microwave ablation was performed with single-antenna activation and simultaneous activation of two or three antennas w... | 18,769,998 |
"Prominent ear sign" on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in relapsing polychondritis. | Relapsing polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent inflammation of cartilage in multiple sites of the body, including the auricles. Central nervous system involvement appears rare. We encountered a case of relapsing polychondritis with encephalitis that could be diagnosed by the unique app... | 18,770,003 |
Recollections of Thomas John Wydrzynski. | In appreciation of his contribution to the Photosystsem II research and commemoration of the book Photosystem II: The Light-Driven Water-Plastoquinone Oxido-Reductase, co-edited with Kimiyuki Satoh, I present here some of my recollections of Thomas John Wydrzynski and by several others with whom he has associated over ... | 18,770,010 |
Genomic characterization of a novel partitivirus infecting. Aspergillus ochraceus. | Three double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments from Aspergillus ochraceus isolate FA 0611, designated as AoR1, AoR2, and AoR3, were cloned and sequenced. AoR1 was identical with AoV dsRNA 1 previously reported from A. ochraceus ATCC 28706, which putatively encoded an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of an unidentified mycoviru... | 18,770,020 |
Does meeting the HEDIS substance abuse treatment engagement criterion predict patient outcomes? | This study examines the patient-level associations between the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) substance use disorder (SUD) treatment engagement quality indicator and improvements in clinical outcomes. Administrative and survey data from 2,789 US Department of Veterans Affairs SUD patients were us... | 18,770,044 |
Targeted transport of 125I-labeled antibody to GFAP and AMVB1 in an experimental rat model of C6 glioma. | Glioblastoma is the most common high-grade glioma characterized by strikingly poor therapeutic outcome with survival time of about a year. This makes a search for new therapeutic approaches to glioblastoma treatment an area of great clinical importance. The present study aims to explore the potential of targeted delive... | 18,770,045 |
Systemic treatments for mesothelioma: standard and novel. | Systemic therapy is the only treatment option for the majority of mesothelioma patients, for whom age, co-morbid medical illnesses, non-epithelial histology, and locally advanced disease often preclude surgery. For many years, chemotherapy had a minimal impact on the natural history of this cancer, engendering consider... | 18,770,046 |
Antidepressant treatment of depression in rural nursing home residents. | Under-diagnosis and under-treatment of depression are major problems in nursing home residents. The purpose of this study was to determine antidepressant use among nursing home residents who were diagnosed with depression using three different methods: (1) the Geriatric Depression Scale, (2) Minimum Data Set, and (3) p... | 18,770,101 |
Further studies on vertical transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus in turkeys. | Turkey hens were inseminated with infected semen from REV tolerant turkey stags at weekly intervals for 6 weeks, and subsequently with semen from uninfected control stags for a further 6 weeks. Cell cultures prepared from eggs produced during the experimental period were assayed for REV by an indirect fluorescent antib... | 18,770,135 |
Renal pathology of the fowl--a review. | On the basis of published literature and some original observations a comprehensive review is presented of the current concept of renal diseases in the fowl. All aspects of this important but much neglected subject are considered including autolysis, intoxications, inflammatory and degenerative conditions, specific vir... | 18,770,139 |
Isolation of influenza a viruses from commercial ducks on a farm in Norfolk between August 1979 and March 1980. | Investigation of respiratory disease and high mortality which occurred on a commercial duck fattening farm between August 1979 and March 1980 resulted in the isolation of 10 influenza A viruses. The viruses were characterised as Hav6 N2 (three isolates), Hav4 Navl (four isolates), Hav4 Nl (two isolates) and Hav7 Neq2 (... | 18,770,140 |
Arthritis in ducks. II. Condemnation rate, economic significance and possible preventive measures. | During the period 1959 to 1968 0.4% of ducks slaughtered in Denmark were condemned because they had arthritis. The condemnation rate due to arthritis decreased 2 years after compulsory measures to control salmonella infections were introduced and in the 10 years from 1969 to 1978 this condemnation rate was 0.12%. The c... | 18,770,146 |
Aerosol vaccination against Newcastle disease: factors affecting the serological response in chickens. | The effects of vaccine diluent and virus concentration on the immune response following aerosol vaccination against Newcastle Disease (ND) were studied. Four diluents (saline, tap water, distilled water and 2% casitone in distilled water) were used with various concentrations of LaSota strain virus. At low virus concen... | 18,770,147 |
Longitudinal studies on the egg drop syndrome 1976 (eds-76) in the fowl following experimental infection at 1-day-old. | Following oral infection of 1-day-old chicks with egg drop syndrome - 1976 (EDS-76) virus (strain D61) lateral transmission of the virus was demonstrated throughout the rearing period. At point of lay, pullets previously infected at 1-day-old responded to EDS-76 inactivated vaccine given intramuscularly with a pronounc... | 18,770,160 |
Idiopathic polyneuritis in SPF chickens. | Paralysis due to peripheral neuritis occurred sporadically in a flock of Rhode Island Red chickens over a period of 8 years and is named idiopathic neuritis (IP). The flock was housed in isolators and free from many common pathogens including all known neurotropic viruses of chickens. The pathology of the nerve lesions... | 18,770,181 |
Bacterial and viral agents associated with tenosynovitis in broiler breeders in Western Australia. | The pathology and infectious agents associated with several outbreaks of clinical tenosynovitis in poultry were investigated. Staphylococcus aureus were recovered from tendon tissue of from 51.9% to 97.8% of affected chickens in different outbreaks of the disease. S. aureus were also present in the liver and heart bloo... | 18,770,201 |
A survey of tuberculosis in birds in the Regent's Park gardens of the Zoological Society of London. | A total of 5,177 avian post mortem examinations was carried out at the Regent's Park gardens of the Zoological Society of London between 1966 and 1978 inclusive. Avian tuberculosis was found in 13 different avian orders. A total of 112 birds (2.2%) was affected; 2.1% from Regent's Park Zoo and 2.4% from other sources. ... | 18,770,222 |
Infectious stunting and leg weakness in broilers. II. Studies on alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in blood plasma. | Total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in blood plasma of broilers suffering from infectious stunting after artificial infection was constantly higher than that of uninoculated control birds. While total ALP activity in blood plasma from inoculated broilers of various ages decreased after incubation at 56 degrees C,... | 18,770,251 |
Serological survey for the prevalence of antibodies to egg drop syndrome 1976 virus in domesticated and wild birds in Israel. | A serological survey of chicken, turkey, goose and duck flocks for the presence of antibodies to egg drop syndrome virus 1976 (EDS 76) has been carried out in Israel. In most of the chicken flocks sampled egg production was not normal, but no antibodies against this virus were detected. Likewise, turkey breeding flocks... | 18,770,279 |
Potency of live Newcastle disease vaccines. | A comparison was made of the potency of live lentogenic Newcastle disease vaccines using a multipoint challenge assay. In general, La Sota vaccines gave better protection than B1 vaccines and both were superior to products made from the Ulster 2C strain. However, variation was found within products prepared from the sa... | 18,770,283 |
Effect of the removal of the Harderian gland in 1-day-old chicks on immunity following IB vaccination. | After removal of the Harderian gland in 1-day-old chicks (Hx birds), protective immunity to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was decreased 3 weeks after vaccination with the H120 strain of IBV. Protective immunity was measured by challenge. The decreased protection was not reflected in the neutralisation indices of th... | 18,770,290 |
Antibodies to egg-drop syndrome 76 virus in wild birds in possible conjunction with egg-shell problems. | Antibodies against egg drop syndrome 1976 (EDS 76) virus (strain 127) were detected with the aid of the haemagglutination inhibition test and virus neutralisation test in serum samples of two out of 381 owls, in one out of four storks, in one out of two swans and in one out of 18 wild geese. The antibody positive two o... | 18,770,301 |
Lack of serological homology between chicken alpha-foetoprotein, chicken foetal red blood cell antigen and Marek's disease tumour-associated surface antigen. | In the course of immunofluorescence absorption studies it was found that, besides Marek's disease tumour-associated surface antigen (MATSA), two foetal antigens could be distinguished on MSB-1 line cells, one of which was chicken foetal red blood cell antigen (chFRBC) and another chicken alpha-foetoprotein (chAFP). The... | 18,770,303 |
A survey of mortality in 51 caged laying flocks. | A survey of mortality was carried out in 51 caged laying flocks between point of lay and slaughter and lasted from March 1971 to June 1973. Flocks were composed of 26 white egg strains and 25 brown egg strains. Total flock population sampled was 281,000 laying fowl. Types of holding that were sampled or sub-sampled wer... | 18,770,323 |
Role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in chickens inoculated with avian leukosis/sarcoma virus. | Immunosuppression of chickens infected in ovo with avian leukosis virus (RAV-1) by the injection of antilymphocyte serum (ALS) did not significantly (P > 0.05) alter the incidence or distribution of lesions in chickens between 3 and 6 months of age as compared to control groups. Antilymphocyte serum treatment of Rou... | 18,770,324 |
Immunological aspects of Derzsy's disease in goslings. | Laying geese naturally infected by the parvovirus agent of Derzsy's disease transmit IgG type maternal immunoglobulins through the eggs to their offsprings. The passively acquired yolk antibodies persisted at a relatively high level until about 12-14 days of age, but were eliminated from the birds during the 3rd week o... | 18,770,342 |
Lymphoproliferative disease of turkeys. II. Experimental transmission and aetiology. | The clinical and pathological features of a previously reported lympho-proliferative disease of turkeys were reproduced by inoculation of 4-week-old poults, and spread to in contact turkeys was demonstrated. From studies on the development of the lesions in inoculated turkeys, it was possible to assay the causative age... | 18,770,366 |
The effect of monensin on the immunity arising from repeated low-level infections with Eimeria maxima, E. brunetti and E. tenella. | A study was made of the effect of monensin on the development of immunity to E. maxima, E. brunetti or E. tenella in chickens given repeated inoculations of oocysts. Birds were inoculated three times weekly with either 1000, 100 or 10 oocysts for a total of 13 inoculations. Faecal oocyst output was recorded throughout ... | 18,770,378 |
Organ culture in avian virology: a review. | A review has been made of the applications of organ culture techniques in studies with viruses associated with avian disease. After a brief historical introduction, the discussion has been confined to viruses which relate directly to disease in domestic poultry, and has not included viruses which primarily affect man a... | 18,770,387 |
Pathology of experimental vitamin D deficiency rickets in growing chickens. II. Parathyroid gland. | Histopathological studies were done on the enlarged parathyroid glands in experimental vitamin D deficiency rickets of growing broiler chickens ranging from 1 to 7 weeks of age. Two types of parenchymal cells, light and dark chief cells, were recognised in the control group. The former type of cells appeared predominan... | 18,770,406 |
A leukosis in turkeys associated with infection with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | The clinical features and lesions are described for an outbreak of a leukosis in an integrated turkey breeding organisation. Turkeys had diarrhoea between 8 and 12 weeks of age and from 15 weeks onwards leukosis lesions appeared. A greater than 20% mortality occurred in most affected flocks. The disease was characteris... | 18,770,410 |
Studies on pathogenicity of turkey ureaplasma. | Turkeys and chickens were experimentally infected with a ureaplasma strain T-1001 isolated from turkey semen. Following infection, sero-fibrinous airsacculitis and serological responses developed in turkeys and chickens of different ages. | 18,770,412 |
Study of some non-leukotic avian neoplasms. | During necropsy of 1248 adult chickens, 126 non-leukotic neoplasms were diagnosed as follows: 83 (65.9%) peritoneal carcinomatosis, 24 (19.0%) myxosarcomas, 17 (13.5%) leiomyomas, and 2 (1.6%) haemangiopericytomas. In addition, three tumours in pigeons were found to be basal cell carcinomas. Haemangiopericytomas in chi... | 18,770,428 |
Detection of viruses in avian faeces by direct electron microscopy. | A total of 151 specimens of turkey and chicken faeces and intestinal contents were examined for the presence of viruses by electron microscopy. Viruses were detected in 48 of these specimens (32%). The most frequently observed viruses were rotaviruses and enterovirus-like particles. Rotavirus infection was associated w... | 18,770,449 |
Evaluation of a vaccine against infectious bursal disease in field trials. | It has been established in field trials that the mutant strain Cu-1M of the infectious bursal disease virus can be used for vaccination against the disease. Vaccination does not cause clinical signs or significant pathological alterations in the Bursa of Fabricius, and consequently it is not accompanied by immunosuppre... | 18,770,462 |
Experimental infection of chickens with an Australian strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus. 2. Serological responses and pathogenesis. | Fifteen SPF chickens were inoculated with an Australian strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) at 1 day of age and five uninoculated chickens were readily infected by horizontal spread from this group. Antibody detectable by the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test developed 3 to 6 weeks after infection, and usua... | 18,770,465 |
Varicella zoster meningitis in a pregnant woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | Between 6000 and 7000 women in the United States infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) give birth annually. It is well known that HIV-related immunosuppression significantly increases the risk for acquiring opportunistic infections (OIs). However, there is limited information regarding the relationship of pr... | 18,770,492 |
Pregnancy outcome among obese women: a prospective study. | We investigated pregnancy outcome among obese women using a prospective cohort study comparing consecutive deliveries of obese and nonobese patients. Stratified analysis, using the Mantel-Haenszel technique, was done to assess the association between obesity and the risk for cesarean delivery (CD) while controlling for... | 18,770,493 |
Cartilage integration: evaluation of the reasons for failure of integration during cartilage repair. A review. | Articular cartilage is a challenging tissue to reconstruct or replace principally because of its avascular nature; large chondral lesions in the tissue do not spontaneously heal. Where lesions do penetrate the bony subchondral plate, formation of hematomas and the migration of mesenchymal stem cells provide an inferior... | 18,770,504 |
Effect of size at the nanoscale and bilayer rigidity on skin diffusion of liposomes. | This study reports the effect of liposome particle size at the nanoscale and bilayer deformability on the permeation through MatTek human skin equivalents and provides a comparative quantitative measure through calculation of diffusion coefficients. Exploring DOPC and DPPC fluorescent liposomes, our results demonstrate... | 18,770,522 |
Atomic force microscopy (AFM). | The atomic force microscope (AFM) is an important tool for studying biological samples due to its ability to image surfaces under liquids. The AFM operates by physical interaction of a cantilever tip with the molecules on the cell surface. Adhesion forces between the tip and cell surface molecules are detected as canti... | 18,770,536 |
Laboratory maintenance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. | Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human pathogen of mucosal surfaces, thus laboratory manipulations must include appropriate safety measures. The growth requirements and behavior of the gonococcus are significantly different from many bacteria, necessitating modifications of common laboratory techniques. A fastidious organism... | 18,770,539 |
Growing and analyzing biofilms in fermenters. | One of the most daunting challenges of biofilm research is comparing experimental results produced by multiple laboratories, each of which uses different techniques to generate, analyze, and interpret biofilm data. The heterogeneity inherent to biofilm communities contributes to the difficulty in obtaining reproducible... | 18,770,546 |
Laboratory maintenance of Mycobacterium marinum. | M. marinum naturally infects fish and amphibians and causes diseases in these animals with pathological features similar to the human disease caused by M. tuberculosis. At the genetic and biochemical levels, M. marinum is closely related to M. tuberculosis. Because of these and other properties of M. marinum (such as i... | 18,770,549 |
Cultivation of Borrelia burgdorferi in dialysis membrane chambers in rat peritonea. | In order to be sustained within its enzootic cycle, B. burgdorferi must adapt to two strikingly different environments, the arthropod vector and the mammalian host. The ability to rapidly adapt to environmental changes is therefore presumed to be central to spirochete survival and pathogenic programs. Indeed, it has no... | 18,770,553 |
Safe use of hazardous chemicals. | This appendix provides protocols for some commonly used disposal and decontamination procedures along with analytical techniques that are used to verify that reagents have been decontaminated. Some of the specific reagents covered are diaminobenzidine, ethidium bromide, cyanogen bromide and chloromethylsilane. With mod... | 18,770,571 |
Using viral vectors to silence endogenous genes. | Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a fast but transient method for knocking down expression of endogenous genes in plants. Replicating plant viruses activate a defense mechanism called post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), which protects the plant by silencing viral transcripts. VIGS of endogenous genes is ac... | 18,770,586 |
Isolation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). | In this appendix, several basic methods are described for preparation of primary B lymphocyte. | 18,770,598 |
Laboratory maintenance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | This unit includes protocols for the laboratory maintenance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including growth on liquid and solid media as well as recommendations for long-term strain storage. Considerations for working with M. tuberculosis at Biosafety Level 3 containment are also discussed. | 18,770,602 |
Isolation and laboratory maintenance of Treponema pallidum. | The spirochetal bacteria that cause syphilis, yaws, and bejel cannot be cultivated in vitro. This unit describes methods for the isolation of subspecies of Treponema pallidum and other pathogenic treponemes from clinical specimens, the propagation of these isolates in rabbits, isolation of clonal populations of T. pall... | 18,770,607 |
Using vectors derived from tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) and TBSV defective interfering RNAs (DIs). | This unit describes principles and protocols for expressing a gene of interest in plant cells using gene vectors that are derived from an infectious full-length cDNA plasmid of the tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) genomic RNA, and from defective interfering RNAs (DIs). The TBSV gene vector system permits convenient clon... | 18,770,620 |
Isolation of human placental fibroblasts. | The first human embryonic stem cell lines (hESCs) were derived using mouse embryonic fibroblasts as feeder cells. In attempts to replace mouse embryonic fibroblasts with feeders of human origin, irradiated human placental fibroblasts were successfully used as feeder cells for the derivation and propagation of hESCs. He... | 18,770,629 |
Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells in adherent and in chemically defined culture conditions. | Generating fully functional differentiated cells from human embryonic stem cells and achieving this goal using clinically compatible conditions remain major challenges for the stem cell field. The presence of undefined components in standard culture media and protocols (including animal-derived serum, feeder cells, and... | 18,770,639 |
Advanced application of CFSE for cellular tracking. | This unit proposes a method to extend the already well known dividing-cell-tracking (DCT) cytometric technique based on supravital staining of the lymphocytes with CFSE and allowing them to divide afterwards, beyond simple observation and counting of dividing cells and their generations. Dynamic proliferation parameter... | 18,770,652 |
Plug flow cytometry. | Although flow cytometry has the powerful ability to rapidly screen large collections of cells, the technology has yet to be efficiently applied to large-scale screening operations involving multiple discrete suspensions. High-throughput flow cytometry would be beneficial to many areas of biological investigation, such ... | 18,770,666 |
Sorting of bacteria. | This unit provides detailed instructions for the sorting of organisms using the cell sorter. These techniques are very valuable for establishing pure cultures of organisms, for example those expressing GFP. The unit provides information on the culture, sorting, reculture, and verification of the sort purity and GFP exp... | 18,770,689 |
Flow cytometric detection of pathogenic E. coli in food. | E. coli O157:H7 is one of the more important food pathogens, andrapid, quantitative methods to evaluate foods for the presence of this pathogen are needed. This unit provides exactly that: a very much simplified flow cytometric assay for detection of E. coli O157:H7 in a well established vehicle of infection, ground be... | 18,770,690 |
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