title stringlengths 0 1.13k | abstract stringlengths 1 15.7k | PMID int64 22 36.5M |
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Neuronal activity and TrkB ligands influence Kv3.1b and Kv3.2 expression in developing cortical interneurons. | Among the GABAergic neocortical interneurons, fast-spiking (FS) basket and chandelier cells are essential mediators for feed-forward inhibition, network synchrony and oscillations. The FS properties are in part mediated by the voltage-gated potassium channels Kv3.1b/3.2 which allow the fast repolarization of the membra... | 18,775,767 |
An old bilbo-like non-LTR retroelement insertion provides insight into the relationship of species of the virilis group. | In Drosophila, at the population and species level, fixation of a TE insertion is an unlikely fate. Of the few reported fixations at the species level most involve non-LTR retroelements. In this work we report the fixation of a non-LTR retroelement in five species (Drosophila littoralis, Drosophila virilis, Drosophila ... | 18,775,768 |
Neuroendocrine and immune network re-modeling in chronic fatigue syndrome: an exploratory analysis. | This work investigates the significance of changes in association patterns linking indicators of neuroendocrine and immune activity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Gene sets preferentially expressed in specific immune cell isolates were integrated with neuroendocrine data from a large population-based ... | 18,775,774 |
Epithelial phenotype and the RPE: is the answer blowing in the Wnt? | Cells of the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have a regular epithelial cell shape within the tissue in situ, but for reasons that remain elusive the RPE shows an incomplete and variable ability to re-develop an epithelial phenotype after propagation in vitro. In other epithelial cell cultures, formation of an ad... | 18,775,790 |
In vivo IL-12 and IL-8 production in hydatic patients and their possible diffusion in hydatid cysts. | Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by infection with the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. It is one of the world's major zoonotic infections. Variability and severity of clinical expression of this parasitosis are associated with duration and intensity of infection. They are also related to the va... | 18,775,805 |
A model for the effect of disturbances in the optical media on the OCT image quality. | The loss of quality of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images resulting from disturbances in the optical media has been modeled. OCT measurements were performed in two healthy volunteers using time domain (TD)-OCT (StratusOCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). Optical disturbances were approached in three ways simula... | 18,775,857 |
Activation of stretch-activated channels and maxi-K+ channels by membrane stress of human lamina cribrosa cells. | The lamina cribrosa (LC) region of the optic nerve head is considered the primary site of damage in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Resident LC cells have a profibrotic potential when exposed to cyclical stretch. However, the mechanosensitive mechanisms of these cells remain unknown. Here the authors investigated the ef... | 18,775,862 |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child behaviour problems: the Generation R Study. | Several studies showed that maternal smoking in pregnancy is related to behavioural and emotional disorders in the offspring. It is unclear whether this is a causal association, or can be explained by other smoking-related vulnerability factors for child behavioural problems. Within a population-based birth cohort, bot... | 18,775,874 |
Ex vivo lung function measurements in precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from chemical allergen-sensitized mice represent a suitable alternative to in vivo studies. | A wide range of industrial chemicals can induce respiratory allergic reactions. Hence, there is an urgent need for methods identifying and characterizing the biological action of chemicals in the lung. Here, we present an easy, reliable alternative method to measure lung function changes ex vivo after exposure to chemi... | 18,775,882 |
Swimming kinematics and hydrodynamic imaging in the blind Mexican cave fish (Astyanax fasciatus). | Blind Mexican cave fish (Astyanax fasciatus) lack a functioning visual system, and are known to use self-generated water motion to sense their surroundings; an ability termed hydrodynamic imaging. Nearby objects distort the flow field created by the motion of the fish. These flow distortions are sensed by the mechanose... | 18,775,932 |
Natural odor ligands for olfactory receptor neurons of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti: use of gas chromatography-linked single sensillum recordings. | Female Aedes aegypti are vectors of dengue and yellow fever. Odor volatiles are the predominant cues that drive the host-seeking behavior of Ae. aegypti. Odorant molecules are detected and discriminated by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) housed in sensory hairs, sensilla, located on the antennae and maxillary palps. ... | 18,775,939 |
Cytokinin-induced photomorphogenesis in dark-grown Arabidopsis: a proteomic analysis. | High concentrations of cytokinins (CKs) in the cultivation medium can induce partial photomorphogenesis in dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings. However, no significant increases in endogenous CK levels have been found in de-etiolated mutants, suggesting that either parallel pathways are involved in the light and CK respon... | 18,775,952 |
The effect of temperature on mechanical resistance of the native and intermediate states of I27. | We investigated the effect of temperature on the mechanical unfolding of I27 from human cardiac titin, employing a custom-built temperature control device for single-molecule atomic force microscopy measurement. A sawtooth pattern was observed in the force curves where each force peak reports on the unfolding of an I27... | 18,775,959 |
'Do no harm': management of craniopharyngioma. | Craniopharyngioma management is challenging. Although histology is benign, the tumour can be clinically aggressive with local invasion and frequent recurrences. Extensive morbidity may be present at diagnosis and furthermore, occurs as a consequence of neurosurgery and radiotherapy. Hypothalamic symptoms can have a dev... | 18,775,978 |
The nociceptor ion channel TRPA1 is potentiated and inactivated by permeating calcium ions. | The transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) channel is the molecular target for environmental irritants and pungent chemicals, such as cinnamaldehyde and mustard oil. Extracellular Ca(2+) is a key regulator of TRPA1 activity, both potentiating and subsequently inactivating it. In this report, we provide evidence that t... | 18,775,987 |
A novel mutator of Escherichia coli carrying a defect in the dgt gene, encoding a dGTP triphosphohydrolase. | A novel mutator locus in Escherichia coli was identified from a collection of random transposon insertion mutants. Several mutators in this collection were found to have an insertion in the dgt gene, encoding a previously characterized dGTP triphosphohydrolase. The mutator activity of the dgt mutants displays an unusua... | 18,776,019 |
Structural and functional association of Trypanosoma brucei MIX protein with cytochrome c oxidase complex. | A mitochondrial inner membrane protein, designated MIX, seems to be essential for cell viability. The deletion of both alleles was not possible, and the deletion of a single allele led to a loss of virulence and aberrant mitochondrial segregation and cell division in Leishmania major. However, the mechanism by which MI... | 18,776,036 |
Regulation of the divalent metal ion transporter DMT1 and iron homeostasis by a ubiquitin-dependent mechanism involving Ndfips and WWP2. | Many ion channels and transporters are regulated by ubiquitination mediated by the Nedd4 family of HECT-type ubiquitin ligases (E3s). These E3s commonly interact with substrates via their WW domains that bind to specific motifs in target proteins. However, not all potential targets of these E3s contain WW-binding motif... | 18,776,082 |
A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of the myxozoan parasite Henneguya ictaluri in channel catfish. | Proliferative gill disease (PGD), caused by the myxozoan parasite Henneguya ictaluri, is the most prevalent parasitic infection affecting commercial channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture. There are currently no effective chemotherapeutic or biological control measures for PGD, which often peaks during the s... | 18,776,086 |
Pathologic lesions of mycotic pneumonia in an alpaca following third compartment ulceration. | A 4-year-old female alpaca was referred to The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital (Cambridge, United Kingdom) with a history of abortion 6 days previous, at approximately 245 days in gestation. The patient had developed watery diarrhea 24 hr after abortion and exhibited bruxism, progressive depression, and ultimately c... | 18,776,109 |
Isolation of Arcanobacterium hippocoleae from a case of placentitis and stillbirth in a mare. | Based on the scarcity of reports in veterinary medicine literature, it appears that Arcanobacterium spp. are rarely isolated from horses. Recently, a single isolate from vaginal discharge in a mare was characterized as a new species, Arcanobacterium hippocoleae. The present report describes a case of necrosuppurative p... | 18,776,114 |
Idiopathic arterial medial calcification of the thoracic arteries in an adult horse. | A 6-year-old, gelded, Paint horse displayed clinical signs of muscle wasting and limb stiffness for a 6-month period. The horse's clinical signs abated with corticosteroid therapy, but returned upon cessation of treatment. Upon necropsy, severe lesions of aortic thickening and aortic valve rigidity were observed. Histo... | 18,776,115 |
Chronic kidney disease adversely influences patient safety. | Reducing medical errors and improving patient safety have become a national priority. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be at higher risk for adverse consequences of medical care, but few studies have evaluated this question. Here, data for patients hospitalized in the Veteran's Health Administration durin... | 18,776,123 |
Type I epithelial cells are the main target of whole-body hypoxic preconditioning in the lung. | Whole-body hypoxic preconditioning (WHPC) prolongs survival of mice exposed to severe hypoxia by attenuating pulmonary edema and preserving gas exchange. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) of this protection remains unclear. The objective of this study was to identify the cellular target(s) of WHPC in the... | 18,776,132 |
IL-6 cytoprotection in hyperoxic acute lung injury occurs via suppressor of cytokine signaling-1-induced apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 degradation. | Hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) is characterized by a cell death response that is inhibited by IL-6. Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) is an antiapoptotic negative regulator of the IL-6-mediated Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway. We hypothesized that SOCS-1 is ... | 18,776,134 |
Conjugated linoleic acid-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in human adipocytes are attenuated by resveratrol. | Inflammation plays a role in trans-10, cis-12 (10,12)-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-mediated delipidation and insulin resistance in adipocytes. Given the anti-inflammatory role of resveratrol (RSV), we hypothesized that RSV would attenuate inflammation and insulin resistance caused by 10,12 CLA in human adipocytes. RS... | 18,776,171 |
A stopped flow transient kinetic analysis of substrate binding and catalysis in Escherichia coli D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. | Pre-steady state, stopped flow analysis of Escherichia coli D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase was performed by following the fluorescence of protein tryptophan and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer from protein tryptophan to bound NADH. The results indicate that binding of substrates is ordered, with coenzyme... | 18,776,184 |
Human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a direct role in reactivating oxidized forms of the DNA repair enzyme APE1. | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has diverse biological functions including its nuclear translocation in response to oxidative stress. We show that GAPDH physically associates with APE1, an essential enzyme involved in the repair of abasic sites in damaged DNA, as well as in the redox regulation of seve... | 18,776,186 |
Quantitative disparities in outpatient antibiotic exposure in a Hungarian county. | Although antibiotic utilization data expressed in defined daily doses (DDDs)/1000 inhabitants/day are often available for a given period and area, the actual antibiotic exposure of the population is rarely explored. We aimed to identify the real antibiotic exposure of the inhabitants of one Hungarian county. The patien... | 18,776,188 |
Crystal structures of K33 mutant hen lysozymes with enhanced activities. | Using random mutagenesis, we previously obtained K33N mutant lysozyme that showed a large lytic halo on the plate coating Micrococcus luteus. In order to examine the effects of mutation of K33N on enzyme activity, we prepared K33N and K33A mutant lysozymes from yeast. It was found that the activities of both the mutant... | 18,776,207 |
Chiral metallo-supramolecular complexes selectively recognize human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA. | Here, we report the first example that one enantiomer of a supramolecular cylinder can selectively stabilize human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA. The P-enantiomer of this cylinder has a strong preference for G-quadruplex over duplex DNA and, in the presence of sodium, can convert G-quadruplexes from an antiparallel to a h... | 18,776,218 |
Editing of misaligned 3'-termini by an intrinsic 3'-5' exonuclease activity residing in the PHP domain of a family X DNA polymerase. | Bacillus subtilis gene yshC encodes a family X DNA polymerase (PolX(Bs)), whose biochemical features suggest that it plays a role during DNA repair processes. Here, we show that, in addition to the polymerization activity, PolX(Bs) possesses an intrinsic 3'-5' exonuclease activity specialized in resecting unannealed 3'... | 18,776,221 |
Identification of Aurora-A as a direct target of E2F3 during G2/M cell cycle progression. | Aurora-A is a centrosome kinase and plays a pivotal role in G(2)/M cell cycle progression. Expression of Aurora-A is cell cycle-dependent. Levels of Aurora-A mRNA and protein are low in G(1)/S, accumulate during G(2)/M, and decrease rapidly after mitosis. Previous studies have shown regulation of the Aurora-A protein l... | 18,776,222 |
G-quadruplex forming oligonucleotides as finely tunable aptamers: towards better DNA mimics. | The intense search for oligonucleotides (ODNs) endowed with pharmacological activities has led, in the past decade, to the identification of tens of candidate drugs, now being evaluated in preclinical or clinical trials. Based on G-rich DNA sequences, several aptamers, adopting G-quadruplex structures with different to... | 18,776,227 |
Triplex glue by synthesizing conjugated flexible intercalators. | Bulge insertions of conjugated intercalators into the DNA triplex structure are found to give a dramatic contribution to the triplex stability. On the other hand insertions of conjugated intercalators are found to diminish quadruplex structures and in this way breaking down the self association of G-rich oligonucleotid... | 18,776,241 |
Characterization of endogenous human Argonautes and their miRNA partners in RNA silencing. | Small RNAs triggering RNA silencing are loaded onto Argonautes and then sequence-specifically guide them to target transcripts. Epitope-tagged human Argonautes (hAgo1, hAgo2, hAgo3, and hAgo4) are associated with siRNAs and miRNAs, but only epitope-tagged hAgo2 has been shown to have Slicer activity. Contrarily, how en... | 18,776,252 |
Nucleoside diphosphate prodrugs. | Nucleoside analogs are widely applied in antiviral and antitumor therapy. A severe limitation of these compounds arises from the need of biotransformation to the eventually active nucleoside triphosphates by stepwise addition of phosphate by kinases. This problem can be circumvented by employing reversibly masked nucle... | 18,776,264 |
Inhibition of orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase--discoveries and lessons. | Orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (ODCase) is one of most proficient enzymes, and this enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of orotidine-5'- monophosphate (OMP) to uridine-5'-monophosphate (UMP). A number of C6-substituted uridine derivatives are designed to investigate the mechanism of decarboxylation by this e... | 18,776,265 |
Preparation of mannosylated oligoribonucleotides. | Multivalent mannosides were synthesized for attachment to oligoribonucleotides via 3,4-diethoxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione (squarate). The conjugates have potential to be used in receptor-mediated endocytosis of small interference RNAs into dendritic cells through interactions with mannose-binding lectins. | 18,776,267 |
A pteridine derivative with electron-withdrawing groups for binding and sensing of nucleobases in AP site-containing DNA duplexes. | A pteridine derivative having electron-withdrawing CF(3) groups, 2-amino-6,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-hydoroxypteridine (2CF(3)-pteridine), is presented as a candidate for multi-functional fluorescent ligand for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) typing. In solutions buffered to pH 8.0 (I = 0.1 M, at 5 degrees C), 2C... | 18,776,280 |
Introduction of linkers into PNA for versatile applications. | PNA (peptide nucleic acid) is widely used as a DNA recognition tool. In this study, we introduced linkers in the middle of PNAs to expand their applicability. By means of Tm measurement and gel-shift assay, it was confirmed that these PNA can recognize double stranded DNA through efficient invasion. | 18,776,294 |
Dynamics of 2-N-tert-butylaminoxyladenosine incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides. | We synthesized oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN, 3) containing 2-N-tert-butylaminoxyladenosine (1) and studied EPR spectra of 1 and its duplexes with varied sequences. Duplex formation resulted in a broadening of spectrum and a significant decrease in peak-to-peak height and peak height ratio values. The h(+)/ho values in EPR... | 18,776,298 |
Structural analysis of r(GGA)4 found in RNA aptamer for bovine prion protein. | RNA aptamers for bovine prion protein (bPrP) were obtained by in vitro selection. It was found that the r(GGA) triplet repeat was frequently present in these aptamers. We already reported that both DNA and RNA containing the GGA repeat form unique quadruplex structures. The unique structures may be utilized for the rec... | 18,776,312 |
Synthesis of locked S-type and locked N-type uridine monomer units for incorporation in 2'-5' RNA:3'-5'RNA duplexes. | To delineate the structural requirements of 2'-5' RNA:3'-5' RNA duplexes, we report the synthesis of N-type locked, S-type locked and 3'-fluoro-2'-phosphoramidite building blocks. The consequent incorporation of these three novel monomers into 2'-5' linked oligomers and their biophysical implications on the stability o... | 18,776,318 |
Ion-exchange capture of labeled pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acids for DNA sequence determination. | Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a new class of DNA mimic, which is potentially useful for diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to its high affinity and specificity of binding to target nucleic acids. The goal of this work is to develop a simple and sensitive fluorimetric-based detection of DNA sequences using new ... | 18,776,348 |
New conformationally restricted DNA mimics. | Two novel bicyclic nucleotide monomers have been developed for use as DNA mimics. Melting temperature studies showed that these modifications decrease binding affinity towards complementary DNA and RNA. | 18,776,358 |
Synthesis and biochemical studies of tetraphosphate 5' mRNA cap analogs bearing bisphosphonate modification. | Dinucleotide cap analogs containing tetraphosphate bridge modified by replacing one of the bridging oxygen atoms with methylene group were synthesized. The analogs have been examined for their stability towards enzymatic hydrolysis by human DcpS and binding affinity for eIF4E. Their inhibitory properties in rabbit reti... | 18,776,366 |
Incorporation of 3'-S-phosphorothiolates into RNA: potential applications in RNAi. | Using solid-phase synthesis, oligoribonucleotides containing multiple 3'-S-phosphorothiolate modifications have been successfully synthesized, purified and characterized, utilizing a 2'-deoxyuridine phosphorothioamidite monomer. | 18,776,382 |
Synthesis of four colors fluorescently labelled 3'-O-blocked nucleotides with fluoride cleavable blocking group and linker for array based Sequencing-by-Synthesis applications. | Reversible terminators having a fluoride cleavable 3'-O-blocking group are presented. Each nucleotide triphosphate is labelled by a fluorescent dye cleavable by the same reagent. We present here their synthesis, cleavage experiments and polymerase incorporation tests for a possible use in a process of Sequencing-by-Syn... | 18,776,395 |
Intracellular mRNA imaging with a hybridization sensitive fluorescent nucleotide. | We reported a technique for detecting intracellular RNA with a newly developed functional probe. To detect mRNAs, a polyA tail targeting probe was synthesized. This probe showed quite large enhancement in the presence of its complementary RNA. In living cultured cells, the probe also showed strong fluorescence. This te... | 18,776,400 |
Fluorometric sensing of conformational switching of DNA; the use of fluorescence labeled C8-alkylamino substituted 2'-deoxyguanosine. | C8-alkylamino substituted 2'-deoxyguanosine was incorporated into a DNA sequence and then labeled with pyrene. The conformational change from B- to Z-form was monitored using CD and fluorescence spectroscopy for both labeled and unlabeled ODNs. | 18,776,401 |
Design of an efficient self-quenched molecular beacon for SNPs genotyping. | Quencher free molecular beacon with an excellent signal to noise ratio was designed and used for SNPs genotyping. | 18,776,402 |
Design of an ultimate quencher free molecular beacon containing pyrrolocytidine-guanine base pair. | A novel quencher free molecular beacon was designed in which fluorophore-labelled pyrrolocytidine was placed away from the stem terminal. This new type of MB was used for the detection of a target DNA with an excellent efficiency. | 18,776,403 |
Synthesis and relaxivities of oligonucleotides with TEMPO-labeled sugar moiety. | 5-Uridin derivative, UUT, having TEMPO radical at the 2'-position of sugar moiety, was prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The single strands, ssUUT, incorporating UUT and the double strands, dsUUT, with complimentary strand were also obtained. Their EPR spectra and relaxivities (25 MHz and 0.59 T) in ... | 18,776,410 |
Synthesis of oligonucleotide conjugated pyrrolepolyamide- and pyrrole-imidazole polyamide-2'-deoxyguanosine hybrids as novel gene expression control compounds. | DNA oligonucleotide conjugated pyrrolepolyamide- and pyrrole-imidazole polyamide-2'-deoxyguanosine hybrids were efficiently synthesized by a post-synthetic modification method through condensation of the 2-fluoro-2'-deoxyinosine moiety of oligonucleotide 9 and FmocNH-PyXPyPy (X = Py or Im) derivatives. | 18,776,416 |
Circular DNA formation on the bimolecular triplex of anthracene-modified oligonucleotide conjugate. | DNA is usually found in nature as a double stranded helix but there are many other structural forms that it can adopt. Triple helical DNA structures are one of these arrangements that DNA can form through some folding interactions. These structures have attracted great interest in the field of DNA recognition due to th... | 18,776,417 |
RNA containing pyrrolocytidine base analogs: increased binding affinity and fluorescence that responds to hybridization. | 6-Phenylpyrrolocytidine and 6-methoxymethylene-pyrrolocytidine are base-modified nucleosides with remarkable fluorescence properties. These analogs produce increased binding affinity to both RNA and DNA targets when incorporated into oligoribonucleotides. The fluorescence observed for the single-stranded oligomers is q... | 18,776,421 |
Exceptional fluorescence and hybridization properties of a phenylpyrrolocytosine in peptide nucleic acid. | A phenylpyrrolocytosine derivative possessing bis-(ortho-aminoethoxy) substitution has been designed, synthesized and incorporated into PNA resulting in oligomers that demonstrate increased binding affinity for DNA targets. The phenylpyrrolocytosine is an exceptionally fluorescent modified nucleobase possessing a high ... | 18,776,423 |
Folding pathways of hybrid-1 and hybrid-2 G-quadruplex structures. | The G-rich sequence in the human telomeric DNA can form the G-quadruplex structure. The G-quadruplex structure has become an attractive target for the anticancer drugs, because it effectively inhibits telomerase activity. Recently, the human telomere G-quadruplex in K(+) solution has been determined as a hybrid structu... | 18,776,427 |
Thermodynamic, counterion and hydration effects for the incorporation of locked nucleic acid (LNA) nucleotides in duplex. | A Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) monomer is a conformationally restricted nucleotide analogue with an extra 2'-O, 4'-C-methylene bridge added to the ribose ring that is known to exhibit enhanced hybridization affinity towards complementary DNA and RNA, however the underlying thermodynamic basis for this observation are poor... | 18,776,435 |
Temperature-dependent changes of RNA secondary structures monitored by 19F-NMR spectroscopy. | (19)F-NMR spectroscopy is shown to be a useful tool for monitoring hybridization of nucleic acids. | 18,776,437 |
Regulation of protein-protein interaction via assembly of coiled-coil domain. | The protein-protein interaction presides the various biological events in life. Toward the understanding of their functions and networks, various techniques to regulate the specific protein functions are developed and applied so far. Here we examined the novel method to regulate the protein-protein interactions via coi... | 18,776,453 |
Expanding substrate specificity of nucleoside 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase. | Nucleoside 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase (NDT) is used to synthesize unnatural 2'-deoxyribonucleosides, modified mostly on the heterocyclic base. Here we describe a strategy for improving 2,3-dideoxyribosyl(ddR) transfer activity of NDT by combining mutagenesis and in vivo selection in E. coli. | 18,776,470 |
The HIV-2 TAR RNA domain as a potential source of viral-encoded miRNA. A reconnaissance study. | Recently, it has been reported that HIV-1 TAR RNA element releases functionally competent miRNAs upon processing by Dicer enzyme. Here, we extend the analysis of miRNA viral-encoding potential to the TAR RNA of the HIV-2. Using in vitro Dicer cleavages and computer-aided analysis we have found that the 124-mer TAR RNA ... | 18,776,478 |
Synthesis of nucleoside 5'-S-methylphosphonates and related compounds. | Phosphonate analogs of mono- and oligonucleotides with the P-C-O-C5' moiety have interesting biochemical and biophysical properties. A series of novel compounds, S-methylphosphonate-based nucleotides, with the P-C-S-C5' linkage was prepared as monomers for solid phase synthesis of modified oligonucleotides. Replacement... | 18,776,507 |
New and efficient synthesis of nucleoside polyphosphates and nucleoside monophosphate sugars. | A new and efficient method for the synthesis of nucleoside di- and triphosphates, dinucleoside tetraphosphates and nucleoside monophosphate sugars is described. This new route is based on cycloSal-nucleosyl-phosphate triesters as active ester that underlie fast conversion to the corresponding products. | 18,776,514 |
Design and development of curcumin bioconjugates as antiviral agents. | A number of curcumin bioconjugates with fatty acid, dipeptide and folic acid, viz. di-O-decanoyl curcumin (2), di-O-tryptophanylphenylalanine curcumin (3), di-O-bis-(gamma, gamma)folyl curcumin (4), C(4)-ehyl-O-gamma-folyl curcumin (5) and 4-O-ethyl-O-gamma-folyl curcumin (6) have been synthesized. Conjugates 2-6 have ... | 18,776,522 |
Synthesis and antiviral activity of novel derivatives of 2'-beta-C-methylcytidine. | A series of novel derivatives of 2'-C-beta-methylcytidine, involving nucleosides modified in the "upper part" of the pyrimidine base (N(4)- and/or 5-position), has been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effect on in vitro replication of the hepatitis C virus and the yellow fever virus (both Flaviviridae). | 18,776,525 |
Synthesis of conformationally locked carbocyclic nucleoside phosphonates to probe the active site of HIV-1 RT. | The conformationally locked carbocyclic nucleoside phosphonates 2 and 2' and key intermediates for the synthesis of 3 and 3' were prepared from a chiral cyclopentene derivative and epicholorohydrine, respectively. The structure of the nucleoside precursor 6 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. These carbocyclic nucl... | 18,776,534 |
Molecular mechanisms in two cell death-types, necrosis and apoptosis, induced by 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. | We report that anticancer 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR) shows cytotoxicity against mouse cancer cell line FM3A cells, using a progeny clone F28-7 and its variant F28-7-A. In this process, the cell-death morphology is different between F28-7 and F28-7-A cells, that is, necrosis in F28-7 but apoptosis in F28-7-A cells.... | 18,776,536 |
Thymidine phoshorylase as a target for antiangiogenesis treatment. | Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) has emerged as a promising target for antiangiogenesis treatment of cancer. Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels, is essential for tumors to grow in order to be supplied with nutrients and oxygen. The association of TP with angiogenesis was demonstrated in several clinical studies i... | 18,776,537 |
A proposal of the structure of modified nucleosides expected to be highly anti-viral active and lowly toxic. | The structure of modified nucleosides expected to be highly anti-viral active and lowly toxic is proposed. | 18,776,538 |
Thermodynamic studies of interactions of calf spleen PNP with acyclic phosphonate inhibitors. | The Gibbs binding energy and entropy/enthalpy contributions to the interaction of calf spleen purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) with the novel multisubstrate analogue DFPP-DG, as well as with DFPP-G and (S)-PMP-DAP were determined by fluorescence and calorimetric studies. Results were compared with findings for gua... | 18,776,554 |
Antisense inhibition of human telomerase by phosphorothioate oligonucleotide-peptide conjugates. | Oligonucleotides can be covalently linked to peptides composed of any sequence of amino acids by SPFC. The peptides incorporated into the conjugates include nuclear localizing signals (NLS), nuclear export signals (NES), membrane fusion domain of some viral proteins and some designed peptides with amphipathic character... | 18,776,562 |
Incorporation of cationic dyes into DNA for distinct stabilization of duplex. | In this study, cationic dyes (methylstilbazole) were introduced into ODN. When two complementary ODNs, both of which tethered this dye, were hybridized, the melting temperature drastically increased. The duplex was further stabilized by introducing multiple dyes. | 18,776,573 |
Synthesis of naphthalenediimide having two beta-cyclodextrins at both of its substituent termini. | Naphthalenediimide (1) carrying two beta-cyclodextrins (beta CDs) was successfully synthesized by click chemistry between pentynylnaphthalenediimide and azido beta CD. Absorption spectra of 1 showed hypochromic and red shifts upon addition of sonicated calf thymus DNA as a double stranded DNA. Kinetic studies showed it... | 18,776,581 |
Treatment of succinonitrile wastewater by immobilized high efficiency microorganism strains. | Using succinonitrile as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen, two bacterium strains named as J-1-3 and J-13-1 were isolated and screened out from the treatment facilities of Shanghai petrochemical wastewater treatment plant treating acrylic fiber production wastewater. The optimal growth conditions of the two strains i... | 18,776,629 |
Performance of a fungal based SBR under pH extreme and shock phenolic exposure. | An investigation was performed to explore the capabilities of a filamentous fungal biomass to grow non-aseptically in a glucose-fed Sequencing Batch Reactor system in very extreme environment (pH 3.5) conditions. Trichoderma viride Pers: Fr. Isolate 8/90 was used as inoculum. Microscopic investigations were carried out... | 18,776,631 |
Granzyme A causes detachment of alveolar epithelial A549 cells accompanied by promotion of interleukin-8 release. | Granzyme A (GrA) is a serine protease produced in cytotoxic lymphocytes, lung epithelial cells (alveolar type-II cells), and alveolar macrophages. In the present study, recombinant rat GrA (rGrA) was found to cause rounding and detachment of an alveolar type-II epithelial cell line, A549. Also, rGrA stimulated release ... | 18,776,661 |
Extract from Acanthopanax senticosus harms (Siberian ginseng) activates NTS and SON/PVN in the rat brain. | The extract of the stem bark of Siberian ginseng, Acanthopanax senticosus Harms (ASH), is believed to play a body-coping role in stress through a brain noradrenergic mechanism. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of ASH on the neuronal activation patterns of c-Fos expression in the rat brain. Wi... | 18,776,662 |
Yak lactate dehydgogenase A4: purification, properties, and cDNA cloning. | Lactate dehydrogenase A4 (LDH-A4) was purified for yak skeletal muscle. Michaelis constant (Km) analysis showed that yak LDH-A4 for pyruvate was significantly higher than that of cattle. cDNA cloning of LDH-A revealed two amino acid substitutions between yak and cattle. We suggest that the higher Km of yak LDH-A4 might... | 18,776,664 |
The formation of nicotinamide by administration of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate does not cause growth retardation in young rats in contrast with excess exogenous administration of nicotinamide. | We investigated the relationship between protein and tryptophan intake and the adverse-effect-level of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Growth retardation of young rats due to DEHP was strengthened by increasing protein level. The addition of tryptophan to the diet caused extreme increases in the nicotinamide formatio... | 18,776,666 |
Syntheses of all stereoisomers of goniodiol from yeast-reduction products and their antimicrobiological activity. | All stereoisomers of goniodiol were synthesized from yeast-reduction products. The C-6 chiral centers were converted from the chiral centers of the yeast-reduction products. Stereoselective conversion of the alkene, which had been prepared from the yeast-reduction product, to glycol constructed the C-7 and C-8 stereoch... | 18,776,681 |
Gene expression of a novel defensin antimicrobial peptide in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. | cDNA encoding a novel defensin (BmDefensinB) was cloned from the fat body of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and gene expression was analyzed. BmDefensinB showed typical structural characteristics of invertebrate defensins. Phylogenetic and bootstrap analyses indicated that it has no orthologs, whereas previously reported B... | 18,776,686 |
Enzymatic properties of terephthalate 1,2-dioxygenase of Comamonas sp. strain E6. | The tphA1 II and tphA2 II A3 II genes of Comamonas sp. E6 perhaps code for the terephthalate (TPA) 1,2-dioxygenase (TPADO). To characterize E6 TPADO, these genes were expressed in a His-tagged form in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant proteins were purified. TPADO activity was reconstituted from TphA1 II and TphA2 ... | 18,776,687 |
Treatment of intrabony periodontal defects with enamel matrix derivative in private practice: a long-term retrospective study. | The present study describes treatment of intrabony periodontal defects with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in private practice. Ten patients with clinical diagnosis of chronic periodontitis were subjected to data analysis. A total of 18 teeth with various osseous defects received regenerative therapy with EMD, and were... | 18,776,720 |
Decreased expression of autophagy-related proteins in malignant epithelial ovarian cancer. | Some studies have shown that the change of autophagic capacity may correlate with malignant transformation. Our study was designed to investigate the expression and significance of two autophagy-related proteins, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1 in the tumorigenesis and development of e... | 18,776,739 |
Gateway cloning vectors for the LexA-based binary expression system in Drosophila. | Studies on the formation of connections in the developing nervous system are greatly aided by methods that permit the differential visualisation and manipulation of pre- and postsynaptic partner neurons. This has been facilitated by the advent of the LexA-based, GAL4/UAS-independent, binary expression system. On the mo... | 18,776,741 |
BCL6 expression correlates with monomorphic histology in children with posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease. | Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a complication of organ transplantation with high mortality. Predicting response to first-line therapy, reduction of immune suppression, is difficult because of the heterogeneity of lesions and disease behavior. We sought to determine if BCL6 protein expression ... | 18,776,761 |
Late recurrence of ewing sarcoma during pregnancy: a report of 2 cases. | Ewing sarcoma is the second most common type of malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. We report 2 patients with a history of Ewing sarcoma who were diagnosed with recurrent tumor during or immediately after pregnancy. To determine whether the hormonal milieu of pregnancy might have contributed to recurrenc... | 18,776,769 |
Results of latissimus dorsi transfer in obstetrical brachial plexus injury. | This study reports on 9 patients with obstetrical brachial plexus injury who underwent a latissimus dorsi (LD) transfer to reconstruct external rotation of the upper extremity. Transfer of the LD to the rotator cuff is widely used for restoring shoulder abduction and external rotation in patients with obstetrical brach... | 18,776,785 |
Role of sonography after total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. | High-resolution neck ultrasound plays a vital role in the evaluation and management of patients after total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. This technique is increasingly used by endocrinologists and head and neck surgeons to detect potential locoregional recurrences or metastases and map malignant lymph nodes before... | 18,776,787 |
Posterior vitreous detachment following cataract surgery. | To determine the incidence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in a series of patients who have undergone cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. Comparative case series. A consecutive series of 149 patients who underwent cataract surgery aged between 50 and 60 years were evaluated in this study. Patients identifie... | 18,776,863 |
Quantitative exploration of the catalytic landscape separating divergent plant sesquiterpene synthases. | Throughout molecular evolution, organisms create assorted chemicals in response to varying ecological niches. Catalytic landscapes underlie metabolic evolution, wherein mutational steps alter the biosynthetic properties of enzymes. Here we report the first systematic quantitative characterization of the catalytic lands... | 18,776,889 |
Bortezomib-induced enzyme-targeted radiation therapy in herpesvirus-associated tumors. | We investigated the possibility of using a pharmacologic agent to modulate viral gene expression to target radiotherapy to tumor tissue. In a mouse xenograft model, we had previously shown targeting of [(125)I]2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-5-iodouracil-arabinofuranoside ([(125)I]FIAU) to tumors engineered to express the Ep... | 18,776,891 |
d-Asb11 is an essential mediator of canonical Delta-Notch signalling. | In canonical Delta-Notch signalling, expression of Delta activates Notch in neighbouring cells, leading to downregulation of Delta in these cells. This process of lateral inhibition results in selection of either Delta-signalling cells or Notch-signalling cells. Here we show that d-Asb11 is an important mediator of thi... | 18,776,899 |
Mincle is an ITAM-coupled activating receptor that senses damaged cells. | Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is expressed mainly in macrophages and is induced after exposure to various stimuli and stresses. Here we show that Mincle selectively associated with the Fc receptor common gamma-chain and activated macrophages to produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Mincle-express... | 18,776,906 |
Glucose-regulated protein 78 as a novel effector of BRCA1 for inhibiting stress-induced apoptosis. | The tumor suppressor BRCA1 is mutated in a high percentage of familial breast and ovarian cancer, but our understanding of its mechanisms of action remains incomplete. We report here that glucose-regulated protein (GRP)-78, a critical regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), is a novel downstream target of BRC... | 18,776,923 |
HIV-activated human plasmacytoid DCs induce Tregs through an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent mechanism. | Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) have been implicated as crucial cells in antiviral immune responses. On recognizing HIV, they become activated, secreting large amounts of IFN-alpha and inflammatory cytokines, thereby potentiating innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses. Here, we have shown that HIV-stimulated human pDCs... | 18,776,940 |
Associations among Aspects of Interpersonal Power and Relationship Functioning in Adolescent Romantic Couples. | This study used a multidimensional assessment of interpersonal power to examine associations between indices of relationship power and relationship functioning in 92 adolescent romantic couples recruited from rural communities in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Significant differences emerged between gi... | 18,776,943 |
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