title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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p,p'-DDE, polychlorinated biphenyls, and endrin in oldsquaws in North America, 1969-73. | Organochlorinated compounds were monitored in oldsquaws (Clangula hyemalis) and their food from Lake Michigan between October and May, 1969-72; in adult oldsquaws, eggs, young, and food from northwest Hudson Bay in 1971; and in oldquaws from five wintering areas other than Lake Michigan in 1971-73. Analyses were conducted on 300 carcasses, 14 wings, 29 gullet samples, and 11 clutches. Average residues in carcasses from Lake Michigan ranged from 4 to 107 ppm PCBs, 2 to 42 ppm DDE, and less than 0.1 to 0.7 ppm endrin. Differences in DDE levels occurred between several sex and age classes during December on Lake Michigan; these differences were not apparent in the spring. Increases in DDE and PCB residues for oldsquaws occurred on Lake Michigan between December and May. DDE residues in the wing and carcass were significantly correlated. Residues were relatively low in oldsquaw foods from Lake Michigan; concentration factors between the food and the ducks varied between 1X and 22X, depending on the date and compound. Organochlorinated residues were lower in Arctic than in Lake Michigan food samples. DDE in paired male and female oldsquaws was highly correlated, as was DDE in females and clutches. Eggshell thickness had declined 4.5% compared with eggs collected before 1947. Residues were higher in oldsquaws wintering on the Great Lakes and lowest in oldsquaws from coastal areas. | 97,621 | [
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The cleavage site of the restriction endonuclease Ava II. | We have determined that the type II restriction enzyme Ava II, isolated from Anabaena variabilis, recognizes and cuts the sequence (formula: see article). The eight Ava II sites of pBR322 have been mapped, as well as a unique site for Ava I. | 97,636 | [
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Organization of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes and allelic deletion model. | We have assessed the number of times the gene sequence encoding constant regions of mouse immunoglobulin heavy chains gamma1, gamma2a, and gamma3 are represented in the mouse genome by hybridization kinetic analysis. All three genes are present at one copy each per haploid genome in normal tissues and myelomas producing IgM or IgG3. IgG1-producing myelomas, however, contain 1 copy each of the gamma1 and gamma2a genes and 0.5 copy of the gamma3 gene per haploid genome. IgG2b-producing myelomas contain 1 copy of the gamma2a gene and 0.5 copy each of the gamma1 and gamma3 genes per haploid genome. IgG2a-producing myelomas contain 1 copy of the gamma2a gene and 0.5 copy each of the gamma1 and gamma3 genes per haploid genome. In myelomas producing IgA, all three gamma genes are represented 0.5 times per haploid genome. In order to account for the results we propose an allelic deletion model: (i) The specific deletion of heavy chain constant region genes accompanies the recombination of a variable region gene to a constant region gene. (ii) The portion of the chromosome that resides between two joining sequences is excised out of the chromosome. (iii) The recombination occurs on one of the alleles. Based on this model we also propose that heavy chain genes are arranged on one chromosome in the following order; variable region genes, unknown spacer sequence, mu, gamma3, gamma1, gamma2b, gamma2a, and alpha. | 97,665 | [
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Chronopharmacological study of neuroleptics. II. Circadian susceptibility rhythm to chlorpromazine. | In order to study differences in the effect of the neuroleptics due to time of administration, rats were administered chlorpromazine (CPZ) in a variety of combinations of dose and time and the sedation period was measured. There was daily fluctuation in the sedative effect and the pattern of fluctuation differed according to dosage. A similar study under the condition of reversed light and dark gave a reversed curve of the daily fluctuation, showing that the rhythm of light and dark controls the fluctuation externally. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of these phenomena, CPZ was administered at two different times, between which there was a significant difference in the sedation period, and time-course changes in plasma and brain concentration of the drug and its metabolites were measured. No difference was found. These results are interpreted as indicating that the phenomena could arise at the level of amine-receptor activity in the brain. In addidtion, daily fluctuation due to time of administration was noted in lethality. | 97,719 | [
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Biosynthesis of 6-keto PGF1alpha by microsomal acetone-pentane powder preparations from hog aorta, ram seminal vesicles, and bovine corpora lutea: properties of same. | Acetone-pentane powders of microsomal rich acetone precipitated fractions, have been prepared from hog aortas, ram seminal vesicles, and bovine corpora lutea. These preparations are all active in converting C14 labelled PGH2 to prostacyclin. The reaction was followed by quantitation of the spontaneous hydrolytic product, 6-keto PGF1alpha. The heat stability, pH optima, reactions with inhibitors, and other properties of these types are discussed. The comparative behavior of the respective enzyme preparations shows that while qualitatively they behave in a similar manner, quantitatively, there are significant differences between them, particularly with respect to heat treatment, and response to inhibitors. | 97,733 | [
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[The problem of malignant degeneration in case of multiple neurofibromatosis (author's transl)]. | Within less than one year, our hospital received three cases of malignant manifestation in case of multiple neurofibromatosis. If the histological findings and the neurogenic origin of the malignant tumor are evaluated very critically, the malignant suppression of the differentiation of one or more neurofibromas in case of multiple neurofibromatosis must be considered as occuring very rarely. If in case of a neurofibromatosis a malignant manifestation is found, it has to be examined very carefully by tissue specimens of numerous spots (Loehr and Willebrand), furthermore the neurogenic origin must be ensured (Zuelch). There are three clinical possibilities: 1. Sarcomatous degeneration of a neurofibroma with demonstrable neurogenic origin. 2. Histological appearence of a malignant suppression of the differntiation of a neurofibroma with benign clinical course. 3. Independent sarcoma as second disease without original connection to an existing multiple neurofibromatosis.--A critical evaluation of our cases showed that there was only one case of malignant tumor with neurogenic origin, namely a neurofibrosarcoma originating from a multiple neurofibromatosis. | 97,806 | [
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Post-mortem diagnosis of chronic Chagas's disease comparative evaluation of three serological tests on pericardial fluid. | In an attempt to improve the post-mortem diagnosis of Chagas's disease the authors performed haemagglutination tests (HAT), fluorescent Trypanosoma cruzi antibody tests (FAT), and complement fixation tests (CFT) on the pericardial fluid obtained at autopsy of 50 individuals with Chagas's heart disease, and 93 patients in whom this disease was not thought to be present. The results demonstrate that all three tests are efficient for the post-mortem diagnosis of Chagas's disease but suggest that their combined use would detect more cases than would one isolated reaction only. | 97,817 | [
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Congenital Chagas's disease in an urban population: investigation of infected twins. | In the Nordeste de Amaralina suburb of Salvador Bahia, Brazil, 47 of 285 pregnant women surveyed had complement fixing antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi. At delivery T. cruzi was detected in one of 17 placentas from the sero-positive women. The offspring of this case were premature twins and T. cruzi was detected in the peripheral blood of each before death. At autopsy the gastro-intestinal tract and urinary bladder of both were severely affected. Immunofluorescence tests on cord sera, including the single case with T. cruzi in the placenta, were negative for IgM antibodies to T. cruzi. The mother of the infected twins and three of her living children, who were born and have resided in the city, were also infected with T. cruzi. Although the children had visited an area endemic for Chagas's disease for short periods, the mode of transmission in this family may have been transplacental. The value of the immunofluorescence test in the diagnosis of congenital Chagas's disease is discussed. | 97,818 | [
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[Comparison of the sensitivity of the passive, indirect hemagglutination reaction and the latex fixation test in the demonstration of the migratory phase of experimental ascariasis (Ascaris suum) in swine]. | The authoresses verified diagnostic sensitivity of two serological tests -passive indirect hemagglutination [IHA] reaction modified by the authoresses and latex-fixation test [LFT] when proving the post-invasion migratory phase of ascariasis [Ascaris suum] in experimentally infected swine. The IHA reaction was found to be more sensitive than the LFT in most cases [62.2%] by two to three values of the geometric series. The invasion can be detected by the IHA reaction from 7th to 120th day and by the LFT from 7th to 49th day after invasion. | 97,840 | [
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Alterations of intercellular junctions in acinic cell carcinoma of the canine pancreas. | Intercellular junctions in spontaneous canine pancreatic acinic cell adenocarcinomas were compared to those in control canine pancreas. The neoplastic cells displayed proliferation and fragmentation of tight junctions and reduction in size and number of gap junctions. Marked decrease in desmosomal density was observed only in the poorly differentiated carcinoma. In the well differentiated carcinomas a few of the desmosomes were characteristic of those found in squamous cells. No quantatitive or qualitative differences in cell junctions were noted between primary and metastatic tumor. | 97,855 | [
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[Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis by continuous venous infusion of small insulin doses]. | The authors treated 60 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis by continuous venous drop insulin infusion with 8 U every hour during the first six hours and after the sixth hour--20 U every three hours. Rehydration was performed with physiological serum in case of glycemia over 200 mg% and with 5% glucose serum in glycemia under 200 mg%. The patients were led out of ketoacidosis in approximately 9 hours and 36 minutes, the blood sugar diminution being slow and gradual, without hypoglycemic incidence. The average total insulin dose used was 72 U. The authors recommend that method for the practice with a view to its simplicity, safety and high effectiveness. | 97,866 | [
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[Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in food. The situation in the Federal Republic of Germany (author's transl)]. | In a coordinated research program of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT), a screening study was carried out with representative samples. In spite of rather large ranges of PCB concentrations, the most important food-stuffs show clearly defined clusters with mean values of approx. 0.005 microgram/g in low fat food components of plant origin such as cereals or potatoes, approx. 0.05 microgram/g in vegetable fats, approx. 0.3 microgram/g in fat from milk, butter and cheese, approx. 0.15 microgram/g in animal fat, approx. 0.03 in chicken eggs and approx. 10 microgram/g in fish fat. Considering the mean diet in the FRG, a daily PCB intake of about 29 microgram from animal fat and of 6 microgram from the other food-stuffs results. The total intake of about 35 microgram per day and capita is almost the same as the figure conditionally suggested by the WHO as the acceptable daily HCB (hexachlorobenzene) intake. | 97,878 | [
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Heterozygous beta-thalassaemia with normal haemoglobin pattern. Haematologic, haemoglobin and biosynthesis study of 4 families. | Thalassaemia with normal levels of Hb A2 and Hb F and with an alpha/beta ratio higher than 1 is described in 4 families. 3 of these families show direct or indirect signs of the presence of the delta-thalassaemia gene along with the beta-thalassaemia gene. The fourth family leaves the question as to whether there is a single mutation of the deltabeta tract or a beta + delta-thalassaemia in coupling unanswered. The necessity of knowing of the existence of this thalassaemia which conceals the presence of a beta-thalassaemia gene, is stressed, above all in view of the danger that mating between a carrier of this thalassaemia and a carrier of classical beta-thalassaemia could result in the birth of children with Cooley's disease. | 97,891 | [
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Platelet aggregation in diabetic retinopathy. | Platelet aggregation in diabetic retinopathy was investigated in a group of 25 patients. An enhanced activity induced by epinephrine and arachidonic acid was found in this group as compared with the controls, whereas in adenosine diphosphate (ADP) platelet aggregation no differences were observed. Spontaneous aggregation was found in 8% of the diabetic retinopathy cases. | 97,900 | [
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[Immune electrophoretic investigations about the interaction of different dyes with the beta-2-glycoprotein I (author's transl)]. | A changed electrophoretical mobility of beta-2-glycoprotein I in presence of 24 dyes could be established by means of immuno-electrophoresis. It is seen as an expression of interaction of this protein with different small molecules. | 97,913 | [
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Immunohistochemical localization of intestinal glycosidases. | The presence of antigenic determinants of the following enzymes was detected in enterocytes by the indirect immunofluorescence method: 1. lactase in human biopsy material, 2. sucrase-isomaltase during ontogenesis in the rat. 1. Lactase: The antigenic relationship between rat and human lactase, demonstrated with the isolated enzymes, was utilized for the histochemical localization of human lactase. The indirect immunofluorescence method, using guinea pig antiserum to rat lactase, demonstrated the presence of human lactase in the enterocyte brush border. The usefulness of this method for clinical practice resides in the possibility of detecting enzymatically inactive protein immunologically related to lactase in cases of lactase deficiency, thereby facilitating more detailed classification of these diseases. 2. Sucrase-isomaltase: Guinea pig antiserum to rat sucrase-isomaltase (SI) was prepared. It was used to demonstrate antigenic determinants of the enzyme in the enterocyte brush border of the rat during ontogenesis. Structural SI protein is already present in 3-day-old rats, whereas enzyme activity can first be demonstrated histochemically from the 11th day of life and biochemically, in vitro, not until about the 18th day. We consider that this technique can be used for studying the biogenesis of membrane-bound enzymes. | 97,928 | [
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Computed body tomography in children: evaluation of 45 patients. | Computed tomographic (CT) body scans from a series of 45 infants and children were reviewed for the indications leading to the examinations, for technical quality of the images, and for diagnostic value of CT scanning. Useful diagnostic information was obtained in 30 of the 39 cases with technically satisfactory images. Individual case reports of CT examinations including findings from other imaging studies demonstrate how CT can interface with other methods to yield additional diagnostic information. Methods of patient preparation and suggested indications for CT body scan examinations of children are presented. | 97,979 | [
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Efficacy of computed tomography of the head in changing patient care and health costs: a retrospective study. | Detailed analysis of all neurologic and neurosurgical admissions at Johns Hopkins Hospital for 6 months prior to the second 6 months after installation of a CT head scanner was undertaken in an attempt to identify the effect CT had on health care decisions, costs, and morbidity. Data showed decreased cost of more than $2,000 per patient and shorter length of stay by 7 days in patients with extracerebral collections, and more than $2,500 and 8 days reduction in patients with tumors after CT was in use. A group matched by computer for age, diagnosis, and physician showed decreased costs of more than $2,000 and shortened stay by more than 3 days per hospitalization. Increased costs were shown in patients with cerebrovascular disease after CT. Change in method of workup with fewer invasive studies for all patients (P less than .001) and significant increases in cost of diagnostic workup were demonstrated (P less than .001). There was no change in morbidity and mortality between the two groups. These data suggest that CT of the head may reduce cost and length of hospitalization in certain patient groups and frequently alters patient workup. | 97,983 | [
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Association of antral diaphragms and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. | In a 2 year period at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, seven human infants and a baby orangutan all presented with a previously unreported association of a prepyloric membrane and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. In the humans, the pyloric stenosis was the obstructive lesion, and in the orangutan, the web. We also report a 6-year-old patient with previous pyloromyotomy who presented because of prolonged retention of a marble in the stomach by an associated antral membrane. | 97,994 | [
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Ultrasonography of primary cysts of the liver. | Primary liver cysts may cause diagnostic uncertainty when evaluated by conventional means. Ten cases of simple or multiple cysts unassociated with polycystic renal disease were studied. Ultrasonography was demonstrated to be the most accurate technique for visualizing these lesions and establishing their cystic nature. | 98,001 | [
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Ventilation-perfusion scans in neonatal regional pulmonary emphysema complicating ventilatory assistance. | Two cases of ventilator-related neonatal lobar overexpansion with similar radiographic appearance, but probably different pathogenesis, are presented. In one infant, persistent interstitial lobar emphysema was confirmed by markedly decreased perfusion shown on scintigraphy; this information was of great value in predicting the beneficial effect of lobectomy. In the other case, ventilation and perfusion scans indicated functional value of the emphysematous lobe and correctly suggested conservative management. Radioisotope lung scans may provide valuable information regarding lung function in regional pulmonary emphysema associated with assisted ventilation in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and thus determine patient management. | 98,002 | [
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-0.3662877,
0.1505913,
0.1041742,
0.02350529,
... |
Selective involvement of the first carpometacarpal joint in scleroderma. | Selective involvement of the first carpometacarpal joint is described in four women with scleroderma. Radiographic abnormalities at this site included osseous erosion, radial subluxation of the metacarpal base, and (in two patients) intraarticular calcification. Perlarticular osseous erosions were noted at adjacent locations in three patients. The cause of this distinctive wrist finding in scleroderma is unknown, but its similarity to alterations in other connective tissue diseases suggests that muscular and tendon imbalance may be important in producing bone erosion and subluxation at this articulation. | 98,008 | [
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Remote effects of neuroblastoma. | Neuroblastoma, which is primarily an extracranial disease, has remote manifestations which can be confusing. Neurologic signs and symptoms such as opsoclonus (dancing eyes), ataxia, blindness, and cord paralysis may precede by several months the manifestations of the primary tumor in a distant site such as the abdomen. Descriptions of nine cases demonstrate the various modes of presentation and some of the unusual aspects of this disease. The recent advent of computed tomography requires a reevaluation of the neuroradiologic approach to the evaluation of neuroblastoma. | 98,012 | [
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Chymotrypsinlike activity of some intestinal bacteria. | Some tests of exocrine pancreatic function are based on the estimation of intestinal chymotryptic activity by using specific substrates such as N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-PABA (BT-P). In this study the action of a number of bacteria isolated from human or monkey intestines on BT-P was investigated. The monkeys studied had an intestinal flora closely resembling that of man. Except for Bacteroides, Proteus vulgaris No. 73, Proteus morgani No. 202, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa No. 76, significant splitting of BT-P did not take place when the common enteric microorganisms were tested. It was concluded that with the possible exception of bacterial overgrowth of the small bowel, microbial chymotryptic activity is not of importance. | 98,039 | [
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Experimental and clinical data on the insertion of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. | Radiographic and electron microscopic evidence showed that the upper eyelid skin crease is formed by the insertion of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle into the septa between the orbicularis muscle into the septa between the orbicularis muscle bundles and not into the skin itself. Experiments on monkeys showed that the insertions of the aponeurosis and of Müller's muscle both contribute to normal eyelid elevation. No histologic evidence was found for a disinsertion of Müller's muscle in 20 cases of blepharoptosis. This, with other evidence discussed, supports the functional importance of the human aponeurotic insertions in eyelid elevation. | 98,045 | [
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Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, Thogoto, dugbe, and Jos viruses isolated from ixodid ticks in Ethiopia. | From 1974 through 1976, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 5 isolated 25 strain of tick-borne virus in infant mice from 410 pools containing over 6,000 ticks, and one strain from a bird and one strain from a rodent collected in central and southern Ethiopia. Of these, 17 were identified as known viruses previously found in West Central and East Africa. There were 8 strains of Jos virus from Amblyomma ticks; 7 strains of Dugbe virus from a bird, a rodent and from ticks; 1 strains of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and 1 strain of Thogoto virus from ticks. | 98,066 | [
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Management of pterygia: should thiotepa be used? | Pterygium, a common source of morbidity throughout the world, may appear to be an innocuous, easily excised lesion, yet it plagues the ophthalmologist by its high rate of recurrence, ranging from 20% to 30% after simple excision. Beta irradiation has been used by ophthalmic surgeons for many years. Another method of stemming the high percentage of pterygium recurrence is through local application of thiotepa, a radiomimetic drug that inhibits rapidly proliferating cells. The following report is a review of the literature from 1960 to 1977 on the role of thiotepa in treatment of pterygium, with emphasis on the complications of thiotepa administration. The recurrence rate after topical postoperative use of thiotepa ranges from 0 to 8%, with disturbing variance in results, depending on each investigator's definition of "recurrence", the length of follow-up, the type of pterygium, and the number of patients. The main reported complication from thiotepa's use has been depigmentation of skin around several patients' eyes, sometimes precipitated by exposure to the sun's rays. | 98,089 | [
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Activity of three 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives against in vitro dental plaque. | Three 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives, assessed using an in vitro preformed dental plaque model system, were differentially inhibitory for four plaque-forming microorganisms. | 98,105 | [
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[Post-natal growth of the child born with intra-uterine malnutrition]. | Growth and morbidity were studied in a group of children at one and two years of age of which 10 were born with intrauterine malnutrition, 14 were prematures and nine had normal weight. All were evaluated , according to the Gesell test, at two years of age. Malnourished and premature children grew at greater rate than normals, reaching their size at one year of age. However, at the age of two, length of premature children was less than in normals. Gesell's test results were subnormal in 50 percent of the malnourished ones. | 98,119 | [
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Effect of dehydration on erythropoiesis in mice: relevance to the "anemia" of space flight. | Mice deprived of water for 24 h showed an increase in hematocrit and loss of body weight comparable to that seen in men during space flight. The increase in hematocrit was entirely due to a decrease in plasma volume and was associated with suppression of erythropoiesis, but with no significant change in the serum titer of a presumptive humoral regulator of erythropoiesis, Erythroid Stimulating Activity (ESA). Mice deprived of water for 24 h may be a useful model for the study of the early hematological effects of space flight. The suppression of erythropoiesis due to a relative erythrocytosis appears to be independent of ESA. | 98,162 | [
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A cell group associated with vertical eye movements in the rostral mesencephalic reticular formation of the monkey. | A cytologically distinct group of cells in the rostral mesencephalic reticular formation was strongly labelled by injections of anterograde tracer substances into the caudal paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) of the monkey. The cell group lies ventral to nucleus of Darkschewitsch (nD), rostral to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (iC) and the tractus retroflexus (TR). It receives inputs from areas which control eye movements, PPRF and the vestibular nuclei, and sends efferents to the oculomotor nucleus. Physiological, anatomical and clinical evidence support the conclusion that this cell group is involved in the generation of vertical eye movements. In an attempt to be anatomically specific the name rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (rostral iMLF) has been used. | 98,208 | [
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Visuotopic organization of the cebus pulvinar: a double representation the contralateral hemifield. | The projection of the visual field in the pulvinar nucleus was studied in 17 Cebus monkeys using electrophysiological techniques. Visual space is represented in two regions of the pulvinar; (1) the ventrolateral group, Pvlg, comprising nuclei P delta, P delta, P gamma, P eta and P mu 1; and (2) P mu. In the first group, which corresponds to the pulvinar inferior and ventral part of the pulvinar lateralis, we observed a greater respresentation of the central part of the visual field. Approximately 58% of the volume of the ventrolateral group is concerned with the visual space within 10 degrees of the fovea. This portion of the visual field is represented at its lateral aspects, mainly close to the level of the caudal pole of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Projection of the vertical meridian runs along its lateral border while that of the horizontal one is found running from the dorsal third of the LGN's hilus to the medial border of the ventro-lateral group. The lower quadrant is represented at its dorsal portion while the upper quadrant is represented at the ventral one. In Pmu the representation is rotated 90 degrees clockwise around the rostrocaudal axis: the vertical meridian is found at the ventromedial border of this nucleus. Thus, the lower quadrant is represented at the later portion of Pmu and the upper at its medial portion. Both projections are restricted to the contralateral hemifield. | 98,211 | [
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Increased binding of concanavalin A at the cell surface following exposure to thyroliberin. | Thyroliberin (THR) binds specifically to SD1 rat prolactin cells and increases prolactin release. THR-induced modifications of surface membrane of intact SD1 cells were looked for, using concanavalin A (Con A) as a probe. At the electron microscope level the binding was restricted to the cell surface. Preexposure of the cells to TRH (27 nM) for 30 min at 37 degrees C increased the binding of Con A by 28--120%. Such an increase was not observed with low doses of TRH (13.5 and 2.7 nm) nor after only a 10-min exposure to 27 nM TRH. This effect is specific for TRH; it was not observed with other peptiDES. Simultaneous exposure to Con A and [3H] TRH did not alter [3H]TRH binding, but preexposure to Con A reduced the [3H]TRH binding by 10%, which may be due to steric hindrance. It is concluded that TRH induces an increased exposure of surface membrane glycoproteins in intact SD1 cells. | 98,365 | [
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Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) assay by radial immunodiffusion. | Thyroxine-binding globulin was measure by radial immuno-diffusion using ten microliters of serum. The mean value in a normal group was 1.95 +/- 0.38 mg/dl. The values obtained by this method were in good agreement with the thyroxine-binding capacity determined by paper electrophoresis (r = 0.956). | 98,421 | [
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[Clinical, parasitological and serological investigations in sarcosporidiosis (sarcocystis suihominis) of man (author's transl)]. | Eight medical students ate for a test raw meat from a pig experimentally infected with sporocysts of Sarcocystis suihominis. The meat had been officially controlled before and was found free of Trichinella and qualified for consumption. 6 to 24 hours after the meal all persons suffered from acute clinical symptoms, above all diarrhoea and vomiting, coldness and sweating which decreased, however, within 12 to 24 hours. Clinical-chemical investigations made during this time suggested an acute infection combined with an exsiccosis; the specificity of the infection, however, could only be established by serological methods and by microscopical demonstration of sporocysts of the agent. The pathogenetic relations are discussed. | 98,426 | [
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[Metabolic behavior in pre, intra, and postoperative total parenteral feeding with a carbohydrate combination and amino acid solution]. | Ten metabolically healthy patients who had undergone gastric resection were fed intravenously from the preoperative to the 5th postoperative day. No metabolic alternations were observed by using a low dosis of 0.12 mg/kg.h of glucose, fructose and xylitol in combination with amino acids. We were able to limit the so-called postaggressive syndrome by eliminating the fasting state. These results were proven by evaluating the most important metabolic parameters like triglycerides, free fatty acids, lactate and by measuring the carbohydrate-nitrogen balances. | 98,447 | [
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An identification scheme for gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli. | A series of six flow charts have been developed to identify the Gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli most commonly isolated from clinical specimens. Colonial morphology and oxidase reactivity determine the pathway to be followed on the flow chart which then indicates the specific test to be performed. Most isolates can be identified within 24 hours using 3 to 5 tests. Each pathway was selected on the basis of 94-100 per cent confidence limits otherwise an alternate pathway is shown. Results of 2,788 nonfermenters identified by this scheme are discussed. | 98,478 | [
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Tracheobronchial secretions collected from intact dogs. I. Protein and mucous glycoprotein composition. | Tracheobronchial secretions (TBS) were collected in situ from intact, anesthetized dogs, and the protein composition and distribution were studied. TBS were separated into supernatant and pellet phases by centrifugation. The supernatant phase comprised 85%, by weight, of the secretory mixture; yet it contained only 58% of the total protein. Peptides of apparent molecular weights ranging from 16,000 to 154,000 daltons were present in the supernatant phase. Electrophoretic and immunochemical comparisons with canine serum suggested that certain of the peptides were of plasma origin including albumin, IgG, IgA, and IgM. Albumin and IgG comprised approximately 70% of the supernatant phase protein. Three percent of the total TBS protein was contributed by the peptide portion of mucous glycoproteins (mucins), and 97% of the mucin protein separated into the pellet phase. When compared to mucus collected from a canine tracheal pouch, TBS was less concentrated in mucins, and differences were observed in electrophoretic profiles between the two samples. | 98,512 | [
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Spontaneous somatic mutations. Structural studies on mutant immunoglobulins. | The precise alterations in the protein amino acid sequences of the immunoglobulin heavy chains of spontaneously arisen MOPC 21 mutant clones IF2 and IF1 have been determined. All the cyanogen bromide fra-ments of both heavy chains have been isolated and compared to the wild type CNBr fragments. For IF2, there is an internal deletion, from the wild type sequence, of 96 amino acids, from residues 121 to 215 inclusive. Moreover, in IF2, there are no disulfide bonds formed between heavy and light chains, presumably because of the deletion of the CH1 pseudosubunit. There are no other alterations in its covalent structure. For IF1, there is a deletion of the COOH-terminal 83 amino acids (residues 358 to 440, inclusive). Although IF1 heavy chain behaves on dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl-amide gels as if it were only 10 to 15 residues shorter than wild type, no other amino acid sequence differences from wild type are found. IF1 arose most likely by a nonsense mutation of a serine codon. For IF2, whose deletion is like that seen in some human heavy chain disease proteins, the most likely explanation is an error of recombination. The structure of IF2 suggests that the heavy chain variable region ends at a position homologous to residue 120 of the MOPC 21 heavy chain. | 98,525 | [
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Fat macroglobulemia caused by fractures or total hip replacement. | The numbers of fat macroglobules in peripheral venous blood were recorded for 136 prospectively studied patients with fractures of the pelvis, femur, or tibia. Groups of healthy volunteers and patients undergoing total hip replacement or abdominal surgery served as controls. The highest incidence of fat macroglobulemia occurred in patients with fractures of the femur who also had these clinical signs: petechiae, hypoxia, and depression of the central nervous system. The peak incidence occurred within the first eight hours after fracture. The over-all incidence of fat macroglobulemia in the other surgical patients was roughly equivalent to that in the fracture patients. | 98,530 | [
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Identification of low chlorinated biphenyls in human milk by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. | Trichlorobiphenyl and tetrachlorobiphenyls in human milk were analysed by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry and mass fragmentography using silicone OV-1 and Apiezon L grease as stationary phases. Low-chlorinated biphenyls had been considered to be excreted rapidly from the body, but in this work quantities of tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls amounting to approximately 30% of the total of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) accumulated in the milk were identified. This result is important in relation to the quantification of PCBs and in studies of the mechanism of biological degradation. | 98,535 | [
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Visual-field displacements in human beings evoked by accoustical transients. | Sixty-two of 133 subjects reported visual-field displacements when they were exposed to intense (125 dB SPL) repetitive audiofrequency transients. This phenomenon was investigated in three experiments. Frequency (100-5000 Hz) was varied in experiment I; repetition rate (0.5/s--6.0/s) was varied in experiment II; acoustical transient onset/offset time (0.2--25 ms) was examined in experiment III. The results of these three experiments indicated that the largest proportion of displacement reports and the largest perceived motion magnitudes followed stimulation in the 500- to 1000-Hz frequency range at repetition rates of about 1/s. Response differences as a function of onset/offset time were erratic. The pattern of results obtained in this study, in conjunction with the results of previous investigations of acoustical vestibular stimulation, suggests that the visual-field displacments resulted from stimulation of the receptors of the vestibular system. These experiments may account for discrepancies in reports of infrasound-evoked eye movements. Finally, it is suggested that intense sound exposure may damage the vestibular receptors with or without concomitant damage to the auditory portion of the membranous labyrinth. | 98,550 | [
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Pattern of shedding of two noncultivable viruses in stools of newborn babies. | Noncultivable viruses have been associated with diarrhea affecting newborn babies in obstetric hospital nurseries. Persisting infection in a special care nursery in Melbourne, Australia, permitted a study of the pattern of excretion of these viruses. Ten babies admitted to the nursery within 2 hr of birth were randomly selected for prospective study. Feces were collected daily for 14 days and were examined by electron microscopy. All ten babies excreted detectable amounts of duovirus (rotavirus, HRVL agent, IGV) for at least 1 day. Age at onset of excretion varied from 2 to 13 days. Eight of the ten babies developed diarrhea. Excretion of duovirus preceded the onset of diarrhea by 12--72 hr and persisted for at least 3 days. Seven of the ten babies also excreted detectable amounts of 28-nm virus-like particle for 3--8 days. The identity of this particle is unknown. Morphologically it resembles Norwalk agent and "astrovirus." Excretion of this 28-nm particle coincided with symptoms of diarrhea in four babies, all of whom were also excreting duovirus. It is concluded that most newborn babies admitted to a nursery where duovirus infection is endemic will excrete this virus at least once during the first 2 weeks of life. Excretion of virus particles will either precede development of diarrhea or be asymptomatic. Selective isolation of babies with diarrhea is thus unlikely to control spread of duovirus infection within a hospital nursery. | 98,612 | [
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Facial growth after condylectomy and alloplastic condylar replacement. | Condylectomy or condylectomy with immediate alloplastic condylar replacement was performed in six young and six adult rhesus monkeys to investigate the role of the mandibular condyl in facial growth. The experimental findings support the hypothesis that the condyle does not have a primary influence on mandibular growth and that alterations in biomechanics are mainly responsible for the observed alterations in mandibular morphology after condylectomy. | 98,620 | [
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A study of the mineral phase of cementifying fibroma. | Physico-chemical study of a case of cementifying fibroma in the mandible of 78-year-old woman was carried out by X-ray diffraction analysis and thermogravimetric and differential-thermal analyses (TGA-DTA). The center of the tumor consisted of masses of acellular cementum-like tissues; while the periphery consisted of cementicle-like tissues. X-ray powder diffraction patterns showed that the mineral phase of these tissues was apatitic in nature. X-ray line broadening analysis revealed that the crystallinity of apatite of the cementum-like tissue was higher than that of apatite of cementicle-like tissue, and lower than that of bone apatite obtained from the same patient. Furthermore, TGA-DTA studies showed that the mineral (ash) value of cementum-like tissue was slightly higher than that of bone. | 98,633 | [
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Gonorrhea detection in posthysterectomy patients. | A retrospective study of women examined at the Venereal Disease Clinic after hysterectomy was made to determine which culture site was most likely to show anogenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection when the cervix was absent. Seventeen of 104 such patients were culture positive for N gonorrhoeae. Rates of positivity for our culture sites were as follows: urethral, 17/17 (100%); vaginal, 7/17 (41%); and rectal, 2/17 (12%). | 98,647 | [
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Proinsulin and C-peptide in diabetes. | The availability of C-peptide measurement continues to provide new and useful information about the state of beta cell secretory function and the natural history of diabetes. Measurement of proinsulin is of value in the diagnosis of insulin-secreting tumors. | 98,676 | [
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Influence of deficiency of the histone gene-containing 38B-40 region on X-chromosome template activity and the white gene position effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster. | The deficiency of the 38B-40 region containing histone genes in one of the 2nd chromosomes of D. melanogaster triploid intersexes increases the template activity of X-chromosomes both in vivo and in vitro without noticeably affecting autosome activity. This deficiency in the heterozygous state inhibits the variegated position effect of the white gene in the T(1;3)Wvco translocation in diploid females and males, but not affect their rate of development. The variegation suppressor Su(var)hg-1 not only suppress the gene position effect in diploid flies, but also increases the template activity of X-chromosomes in triploid intersexes. The results are discussed with respect to the dependence of gene activity on the structure of chromosomes (density of DNP packing). | 98,701 | [
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Evidence that F' lac replicates asynchronously during the cell cycle of Escherichia coli B/r. | The replication of F' lac was studied in exponentially growing cultures of E. coli B/r. The cells were pulse induced for the synthesis of beta-galactosidase and their DNA pulse labelled with 3H thymidine. The cells were then separated into age classes by centrifugation through a sucrose gradient in a zonal rotor. Plasmide replication was measured in each age fraction by three methods: the rate at which beta-galactosidase could be induced, the amount of label incorporated into CCC plasmid DNA which had been separated from chromosomal DNA on agarose gels, and the amount of label incorporated into plasmid DNA which had been separated from chromosomal DNA by ultracentrifugation through CsCl-EtBr gradients. All these methods gave the same result, that replication of F' lac occurs in cells of all ages and is not confined to a part of the cell cycle. | 98,704 | [
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Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern following intrauterine fetal transfusion. | Two patients with severe rhesus isoimmunization had sinusoidal fetal heart rate patterns following intrauterine fetal transfusion. A consistent temporal relationship between fetal transfusion and sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern was observed. Survival of a fetus who had a sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern after each of three transfusions suggests that this pattern may not be ominous when observed transiently after fetal transfusion. | 98,743 | [
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Phosphate transport in the proximal convolution of the rat kidney II. Effect of extracellular Ca2+ and application of the Ca2+ ionophore A 23187 in chronic PTX animals. | Proximal inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport was evaluated using the standing droplet method with simultaneous microperfusion of the peritubular blood capillaries. In chronic parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats addition of 3 micron of the Ca2+ ionophore A 23187 to the luminal perfusate had no effect on the Pi transport, although the isotonic fluid reabsorption was reduced by 20%. When the Ca2+ concentration in the perfusates was raised from 1.5mM to 3.0mM the the reabsorption did not change significantly. But when Ca2+ was omitted from the perfusates the Pi reabsorption dropped by 19%, and when 2mM EDTA were added to the perfusates Pi transport decreased by 35%. The influx of Pi from the interstitial space and from the cell into the phosphate-free luminal perfusate did not change, when the perfusates were Ca2+ -free, but it increased by 23% in the presence of 2mM EDTA. The data indicate that 1. a rise in intracellular Ca2+ above normal is not a factor which modifies "basal" Pi transport i.e. when Pi transport is independent of the action of parathyroid hormone. 2. A reduction of extracellular Ca2+ concentration from normal toward zero reduces Pi transport without changing the paracellular leak permeability for Pi. 3. With EDTA the the paracellular leak permeability for Pi is increased, thus causing an even greater reduction in net Pi transport than with Ca2+ -free solutions alone. | 98,754 | [
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High speed liquid chromatography, 14C-radioassay and spectrophotometry for measuring antipyrine plasma half-life in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). | 6 male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were treated with 14CH3-N-antipyrine (15 mg/kg, i.v.). Antipyrine plasma half-lives (APH) were determined using HSLC, radiometric, and spectrophotometric methods. APHs obtained by HSLC analysis of plasma extracts were lower than radiometric and spectrophotometric determinations. The three procedures were investigated to determine if coextraction of metabolites might be responsible for differences in APH. All three solvent systems extract significant quantities of antipyrine metabolites. N-desmethylantipyrine and 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine may interfere with spectrophotometric determination of antipyrine. While all three methods are capable of detecting changes in hepatic oxidative metabolism, HSLC permits direct measurement of antipyrine concentrations and APH. | 98,774 | [
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Effects of Met-enkephalin on body temperature of normal and morphine-tolerant rats. | The endogenous opioid met-enkephalin intraventricularly adminstered to the rat at the dose of 100 microgram raised rectal temperature, whereas 400 microgram of the pentapeptide caused a diphasic effect, i.e., hypothermia followed by hyperthermia. Met-enkephalin was ineffective when administered i.p. The effects on temperature were substantially similar to those elicited, for both routes of administration, by morphine, which may either raise or lower rat temperature depending on the dose. More naloxone was required to antagonize thermic effects of met-enkephalin than morphine. Finally, there was a lack of effects on temperature for met-enkephalin centrally administered to morphine-tolerant animals, thus providing further evidence, in vivo, of cross tolerance between opiates and naturally occurring ligands of opiate receptors. | 98,798 | [
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Influence of catecholamines on dexamphetamine-induced changes in locomotor activity. | In the mouse, central noradrenaline receptor stimulation by clonidine, or intracerebroventricular injection of noradrenaline or alpha-methylnoradrenaline, caused marked enhancement of the locomotor stimulant effects of dexamphetamine in doses that were without effect when given alone. A minimally locomotor-stimulant dose of apomorphine reduced the effect of dexamphetamine. Pimozide and phenoxybenzamine each virtually abolished locomotor stimulation after dexamphetamine, while FLA63 caused significant reduction. Phenoxybenzamine also abolished the enhancement by clonidine. The intensity of the dexamphetamine effect was dose-related, while in the case of apomorphine the duration rather than the intensity was related to the dose administered. Clonidine potentiated apomorphine locomotor stimulation; following this drug combination, the nature of the movements more closely resembled those seen after dexamphetamine. The results suggest the involvement of both noradrenaline and dopamine in the dexamphetamine response. | 98,799 | [
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Marijuana: effect on nonverbal free recall as a function of field dependence. | The effect of marijuana on the free recall of nonverbal memory was evaluated by presenting 22 male volunteers with line drawings of geometric figures for ten acquisition trials. Each subject served as his own drug control. The study was performed over two sessions with drug condition and list of stimulus materials counterbalanced. Recall varied with drug condition and scores obtained on the Embedded Figures Test. Marijuana reduced recall mainly in those subjects making two or more errors on the Embedded Figures Test, but had little effect on subjects making one or no errors. Intrusion errors were also elevated following marijuana intoxication, but this effect was unrelated to embedded-figures performance . These results are discussed with reference to degree of field dependence and cognitive style. | 98,801 | [
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[Immunodiffusion serologic study of equine infectious anemia in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina]. | Twenty seven per cent of 238 serum samples obtained from horses with clinical diagnosis were positive for the immunodifusion test, while 17% of the 452 sera obtained from asintomatic horses were positive. Twenty one per cent of the 870 sera studied were positive. | 98,810 | [
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Clinical and histological study to assess changes in the nasal mucosa in patients with chronic perennial rhinitis comparing sodium cromoglycate and placebo. | A controlled trial comparing sodium cromoglycate 2% nasal solution against placebo has demonstrated that in patients with severe perennial rhinitis sodium cromoglycate is clinically effective and also that gross histological changes in the nasal mucosa are reversed following treatment for eight weeks with this therapy. | 98,822 | [
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Studies on IgM polymerization: reassociation to non-covalently and covalently linked Fc5mu fragments. | Fc5mu fragments were purified from a trypsin digest of native IgM by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Fc5mu fragments in sodium dodecyl sulphate disclosed a major and a minor band with molecules of 320,000 and 285,000 daltons, respectively. The mu chain fragments showed a molecular weight of 34,500. After reduction of the Fc5mu fragments to free mu chain fragments and J chain removal of the reducing agent by dialysis for 24 h under nitrogen in the presence of Zn ions gave non-covalently linked Fc5mu fragments. This shows that the non-covalent interactions operating between the mu chains of non-covalently linked native IgM are present in the C-terminal part of the mu chains. Additional dialysis in the presence of Zn and Cu ions resulted in the formation of covalently linked Fc5mu fragments. | 98,832 | [
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Primate infant's effects on mother's future reproduction. | Female savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus) had a longer postpartum amenorrhea and thereafter cycled longer before conceiving if their previous infant survived than if that infant died. Among mothers of surviving infants, differences in maternal care produced differences in age of weaning and age of independence but did not result in differences in interbirth intervals. | 98,844 | [
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Essential fatty acid deficiency in total parenteral nutrition: time course of development and suggestions for therapy. | Thirty-two patients receiving total intravenous nutrition were studied prospectively for biochemical and clinical signs of essential fatty acid deficiency. Individual constituents of the phospholipid fraction were examined consecutively and the triene:tetraene ratio was determined. All patients nourished parenterally for 4 weeks had triene:tetraene ratios of greater than 0.4. Levels of eicosatrienoic and linoleic acid were abnormal after 1 week, and arachidonic acid levels became abnormal after 2 weeks of fat-free parenteral nutrition. Skin lesions suggestive of essential fatty acid deficiency developed in two patients studied. Biochemical abnormalities responded rapidly to the intravenous administration of Intralipid. | 98,859 | [
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[Calculation of the dose distribution of high-energy electrons within and behind tissue inhomogeneities of any width. II. Influence of multiple scattering (author's transl)]. | The algorithn proposed in 1976 to allow for the influences of tissue inhomogeneities in electron beam dose distributions has been improved. A factor adopted from Sternheimer corrects for differences in lateral displacement by multiple scattering within the inhomogeneity resp. the equivalent layer of the homogeneous medium. The algorithm has been tested by direct comparison with Monte Carlo computations for the example of cylindrical cavities in carbon at Eo=10 MeV and resulted in a very close approximation. | 98,866 | [
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[Dynamics of changes in the surface of normal cultivated rat cells after a single exposure to the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene]. | Changes in the cell surface after a single treatment with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) of newborn rat carcass in cell culture have been studied by means of the agglutination reaction with concanavalin A. DMBA was shown to cause alterations in the cell surface. At 0.5 mkg/ml of DMBA, the difference in agglutinability of treated and untreated cells persists for 30 days. At 0.1 mkg/ml of DMBA, the agglutinability of drug-treated and control cells was similar on the 4th day after removal of carcinogen. A prolonged culturing of control cells results in an increased agglutinability of cells with concanavalin A, and in 2.5 months it becomes indistinguishable from the agglutinability level of tumor cells with concanavalin A. In 5 months, drastic karyotypic changes are registered in control cultures. | 98,876 | [
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A survey about blood bank policies and procedures. | A questionnaire about blood bank policies and procedures was prepared and sent out to 170 hospitals across the nation, 50 per cent responded. There is wide variation in both technical and nontechnical policies and procedures. Serum is separated from the original tube within 8 hours by 68 per cent of the hospitals and in 32 per cent serum is never separated from the original tube. Auto-control is included by 66 per cent of hospitals in at least one phase of the antibody testing, 34 per cent do not include auto-control in any phase. Du testing of the recipient is done in 85 per cent of the hospitals and in 15 per cent Rho type is determined by the immediate spin reactions alone. Slide type is the only method used to determine ABO group of cells of the recipients in 10 per cent of the hospitals, 18 per cent use serum-cell suspension, 10 per cent use the applicator stick method and only 62 per cent use washed saline-cell suspension routinely. Compatiblity testing between a recipient and a donor vary from a one-tube major crossmatch to a three-tube major crossmatch and minor crossmatch. | 98,869 | [
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Studies on the cellular toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). I. Effect of PCBs on microsomal enzymes and on synthesis and turnover of microsomal and cytoplasmic lipids of rat liver- a morphological and biochemical study. | The acute effects of the PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) mixture (Aroclor 1254) on microsomal enzymes and on synthesis and turnover of microsomal and cytoplasmic lipids of rat liver were investigated. Six daily i.p. injections of 25 and 50 mg PCB/kg body weight resulted in increased liver weight and liver to body weight ratios. When compared to controls PCB treatment resulted in a six-fold increase in amount of cytochrome P-450. Activities of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, ethylmorphine demethylase and inosine diphosphatase were increased whereas glucose-6-phosphatase values were decreased by PCB exposure. Analysis of liver homogenate and microsomal fraction revealed an increase in lipid in PCB-exposed animals. Phospholipids, cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly increased after PCB exposure; however, the greatest percentage increase was seen in the triglyceride pool. The finding of an increase in microsomal triglyceride to phospholipid ratios with exposure to PCB is suggestive of an increase in membrane-enclosed lipid (liposomes). Studies with labelled glycerol indicated that the PCB-induced fatty liver resulted from increased half life but not increased synthesis of liver lipid moieties. The rate of incorporation of leucine into microsomal membrane and albumin was somewhat enhanced in rats exposed to PCB indicative of increased protein synthesis. Morphological studies showed increased occurrence of lipid material, both in cytoplasmic droplets and within rough and smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and flattened Golgi cisternae with no secretion granules containing lipoprotein particles characterized the liver from animals exposed for 6 days. The increase in lipid within membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum together with the flattened Golgi lacking typical secretory vesicles indicates a defect in transport of lipoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and may be the cause of the PCB-induced fatty liver. | 98,901 | [
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Cell proliferation in dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic adenocarcinomata following cytotoxic drug treatment. | A stathmokinetic technique was used to study cell proliferation in dimethylhydrazine-induced adenocarcinomata of rat colon following treatment with cytotoxic drugs. The rate of cell division was significantly increased three days after treatment with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and seven days after treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Acceleration of tumour cell proliferation following 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine treatment was inhibited by treating animals with the antiseritoninergic drug Xylamidine Tosylate. Acceleration of tumour cell proliferation following 5-fluorouracil treatment was inhibited by treating animals either with the antiseritoninergic drug BW501 or with the histamine H2-receptor blocking drug Cimetidine. | 98,910 | [
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Species differences in the biotransformation of 4-(2-methyl-3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl)butanoic acid (RU 16029). | 1. 4-(2-Methyl-3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl)butanoic acid (RU 16029) is a potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. In humans, its ketone group is rapidly reduced to an alcohol, whereas in rats, mice and dogs, its butanoic side-chain is rapidly oxidized to the corresponding acetic acid. 2. The extent of this oxidation was studied in eleven species. Cats, dogs, rabbits, hens and rodents readily oxidized the side-chain; humans, baboons and pigs showed only weak oxidizing capacity. 3. Species differences were also recorded in the secondary biotransformations. The acetic metabolite is excreted as an acylglucuronide in humans and rats, but as an amide-like conjugate in mice. 4. Comparison with biotransformations undergone by structurally related compounds confirms that the metabolism of a new compound in different species is unpredictable. | 98,921 | [
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[Changes in several important metabolic parameters and insulin level during a 7-day total parenteral nutrition under pre- and postoperative conditions]. | After the 24 hours preoperative infusion period 0.37% glucose, 0.05% fructose and 1.28% xylitol of the infused amount were excreted in the urine. Postoperatively fructose was the best metabolized energy donator before xylitol and glucose. As a sign of an undisturbed hepatic synthesis of lipoproteins the triglycerides rose up to the 5th postoperative day. During the parenteral nutrition and the additional surgical intervention the cholesterol fell from 192.3 to 128.5 mg/100 ml on the first postoperative day. The infusion solutions caused a rise of the insulin concentration from 23.2 to 46.3 U/l on the operation day. There is a positive nitrogen balance of 3.5 g/24 h on the operation day. The slight negative balance of - 1.15 g/24 h on the first postoperative day is reduced to - 0.61 g/24 h on the postoperative day. The changes of the enzymes LDH, GOT and AP were at normal range. The postoperative changes were due to the surgical intervention. Without a simultaneous change of enzymes, 5 patients had a rise of bilirubin up to 1.1 mg/100 ml. To avoid a too great loose of phosphate during a long-term parenteral nutrition period, it is important to put up a balance. | 98,924 | [
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Production and chemical studies of protease from Bacillus subtilis (SH-6) Egyptian strain. | Bacillus subtilis (SH-6) Egyptian strain, isolated from hides, gave the highest protease activity. Luxurious growth and protease production were obtained by the use of a medium containing 8% of potato starch, 0,1 M of ammonium phosphate as carbon and nitrogen sources. Results indicate that borate buffer exerted a deleterious effect on the protease production. Comparing citrate and phosphate buffers, it was found that citrate gave lower protease activity than phosphate. There is a positive response to higher concentrations of phosphate ions. From the above-mentioned medium protease was precipitated and purified. The dried preparation of the enzyme was tested for its chemical composition. It revealed the absence of residual carbohydrate. Tests for phosphorus, sulfur, ferric, zinc, manganese, magnesium, and calcium ions were positive. Amino acids present were: L-leucine, cysteine, Dl-alanine, L-arginine, L-tyrosine, L-aspargine, L-proline, glycine, Dl-valine, L-histidine, L-glutamic, L-lysine, L-aspartic, Dl-tryptophan, L-cystine, Dl-serine and Dl-phenylalanine. Quantitative analysis of the preparation was 0.52% of ash and 14% of nitrogen. | 98,932 | [
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'Classic' and 'acute' myelofibrosis. A retrospective study. | In a retrospective study of 38 patients with histologically proven myelofibrosis, 5 parameters (recorded on the first admission) were investigated as to their usefulness to predict the course of the disease. In 9 patients the development of 'acute' myelofibrosis could be predicted by the finding of pancytopenia, low reticulocyte counts (median 20,500/mul), extremely elevated SRE (median 125 mm) and normal serum levels of LDH and uric acid on the first admission. In 28 patients the development of classic fibrosis with splenomegaly could be predicted by the finding of high reticulocyte counts (median 133,200/mul) and increased levels of serum LDH (median 547 U) and uric acid (median 8 mg/dl in males and 6.8 mg/dl in females) on the first admission, even when splenomegaly was initially absent. The relationship between classic and acute myelofibrosis and the significance of the mentioned parameters is discussed. | 98,950 | [
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Biological variation of immunoglobulin concentrations in normal human tears related to age and sex. | Single radial immunodiffusion method was used to measure the concentration of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD in tears of 220 healthy individuals aged from 2 to 86 years. Relation of the values to age and sex has been evaluated statistically by regression analysis method. Mean IgA level was 30.7 mg/100 ml. IgG could be detected in 200 samples and the level was less than 1 mg/100 ml. IgM was detected in only 7 samples and the value was less than 1 mg/100 ml. IgD could not be detected in any of the sample. The IgA level in males and that in females differs significantly, the females having a higher mean value. The IgA level appears to increase in both sexes with age. No relationship with age and sex could be established in other types of immunoglobulins. | 98,956 | [
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Histamine and pancreatitis: increase of plasma histamine levels in dogs with Pfeffer preparation and influence of aminoguanidine on the survival time. | Histamine release could be shown in 50% of the dogs suffering from acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis in Pfeffer's preparation. The survival time of these dogs was shorter by about 50% than that of animals without alteration of the plasma histamine levels. The powerful diamine oxidase blocker aminoguanidine diminished the incidence of severe pancreatitis in the dogs without influencing survival time. As in animals treated by saline histamine release could be shown in 50% of the aminoguanidine-treated dogs in which higher plasma histamine levels were determined than in saline-treated animals. The survival time of the dogs with histamine release, however, was not different from that of animals with normal plasma histamine levels throughtout the experiment. The actions of aminoguanidine in Pfeffer's preparation seemed to be rather complex. Contrasting effects on the development of pancreatitis and on histamine inactivation may have influenced the survival time in different directions. | 98,971 | [
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Congenital partial eventration of the left diaphragm. | Two unusual cases of congenital partial eventration of the left diaphragm in young infants are described. In both cases the entity appeared as a space occupying lesion in the left anterior chest and was initially thought to represent pericardial cyst, mediastinal tumor, or cardiac enlargement. The left lobe of the liver occupied the eventration in both cases; one was proven at surgery, and the other was documented with a radionuclide liver scan. The radiographic features of eventration are discussed and the role of radionuclide liver scanning in infants with chest masses is emphasized. | 98,982 | [
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Jaundice and breast-feeding among Alaskan Eskimo newborns. | The course, incidence, and severity of neonatal jaundice was studied in 95 Alaskan Eskimo infants. Breast-fed infants had higher bilirubin concentrations than bottle-fed babies. Both groups experienced high bilirubin levels, similar to those previously reported in Navajo and Oriental infants but greater than those observed in whites and blacks. A marked capacity to inhibit hepatic glucuronyl transferase was observed in breast-milk specimens but only partly accounted for the bilirubin differences between breast-fed and bottle-fed Eskimo infants. These data suggest that in some racial groups predisposed to neonatal jaundice, feeding practices significantly alter the course and severity of hyperbilirubinemia. | 99,026 | [
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Afterload reduction and cardiac performance. Physiologic basis of systemic vasodilators as a new approach in treatment of congestive heart failure. | Digitalis and diuretics constitute conventional therapy of congestive heart failure, but systemic vasodilators offer an innovative approach in acute and chronic heart failure of decreasing increased left ventricular systolic wall tension (ventricular afterload) by reducing aortic impedance and/or by reducing cardiac venous return. Thus, vasodilators increase cardiac output (CO) by diminishing peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and/or decrease increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (ventricular preload) by diminishing venous tone. Concomitantly, there is reduction of myocardial oxygen demand, thereby reliably reducing angina pectoris in coronary disease, and potentially limiting infarct size and ischemia provided systemic arterial pressure remains normal. The vasodilators produce disparate modifications of cardiac function depending upon their differing alterations of preload versus impedance: nitrates principally cause venodilation (decrease LVEDP); nitroprusside, phentolamine and prazosin produce balanced arterial and venous dilation (decrease LVEDP and increase CO) provided left ventricular filling pressure is maintained at the upper limit of normal; whereas hydralazine predominantly effects arteriolar dilation (increases CO). With depressed CO plus highly increased LVEDP and increased PVR, nitrates also induce some increase of CO by reducing PVR. Combined nitroprusside and dopamine synergistically enhance CO and decrease LVEDP. Mechanical counterpulsation aids nitroprusside in acute myocardial infarction. The 30-minute venodilator action of sublingual nitroglycerin is extended for 4 to 6 hours by cutaneous nitroglycerin ointment, by sublingual and oral isosorbide dintrate, and by oral pentaerythritol tetranitrate and sustained-release nitroglycerin capsules. Ambulatory oral vasodilator therapy is provided by long-acting nitrates (relieve pulmonary congestion); hydralazine (improves fatigue); prazosin alone, combined nitrate-hydralazine combined prazosin-hydralazine (improve both dyspnea and fatigue). | 99,030 | [
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Effect of falciparum malaria infection on the in vitro mitogen responses of spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes from owl monkeys. | The response of spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to mitogen stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), Concanavalin A (ConA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was determined for owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) experimentally infected with the Vietnam-Oak Knoll (FVO) and the Uganda-Palo Alto (FUP) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. PBL from Panamanian Aotus monkeys with less than 25% FVO infection responded normally to mitogen stimulation; however, increased parasitemia of 25--50% resulted in a significant suppression of ConA responsiveness. Colombian Aotus monkeys infected with the PUF strain also developed a suppression to ConA stimulation but with a lower parasitemia (10--25%). When the parasitemia became greater than 50% in these animals, PHA, ConA, and PWM responses were significantly decreased in cultures of PBL. Spleen cells from all acutely infected Aotus monkeys were suppressed to PHA and ConA, but not PWM stimulation. Changes in mitogen responsiveness of experimentally infected Aotus monkeys are similar to those reported for humans with acute falciparum malaria. | 99,058 | [
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Radioimmunoassay for serum myoglobin. | A column flow-through radioimmune assay for serum myoglobin has been developed. The assay uses antibodies to human or rhesus monkey myoglobin coupled to Sepharose by cyanogen bromide activation and myoglobin labeled by the Chloramine-T method. The labeled myoglobin is stable over two to three half-lives. Serum myoglobin levels were elevated when serum was taken up to 12 hours after myocardial infarction and generally elevated up to 24 hours. A continued or repeated elevation of serum myoglobin probably indicates continued myocardial damage or new attacks. In the cases of myocardial infarction, levels up to 1340 ng per ml were found. | 99,074 | [
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Delayed hypersensitivy and experimental interstitial pneumonitis. | The effects of prior sensitization with killed H37Ra tubercle bacilli on the pulmonary reaction to intravenous (IV) challenge with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) have been studied and were compared to reactions in nonsensitized CFA-challenged controls. Rabbits that died within 24 hours of challenge demonstrated acute arteritis prior to granuloma formation. Sensitized rabbits had a greater number of exudative cells in the pulmonary lavage fluid and a larger volume of parenchymal infiltrate than did comparable, nonsensitized controls at two and eight weeks. The exudate and infiltrate were diminished in both sensitized and nonsensitized rabbits at eight weeks. An obliterative, granulomatous arteritis was observed in both sensitized and nonsensitized groups receiving IV CFA and was not affected by the state of sensitivation. Granulomatous and collagenous parenchymal lesions regress in both sensitized and nonsensitized groups between two and eight weeks. | 99,116 | [
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Formation and utilization of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate in liver mitochondria of starved and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. | Kidney and liver mitochondria of rat, rabbit and guinea pig are able to transform 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate into acetoacetate, whereas ox liver mitochondria and rat mitochondria of heart, diaphragm and brain do not exhibit such an activity. Starvation and streptozotocin treatment decreases the formation of acetoacetate from 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate. Addition of acetoacetate and succinate to the incubation media of mitochondria results in a decrease in the transformation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate into acetoacetate. A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA hydrolase is present in rat liver mitochondria; the activity does not show appreciable changes after starvation or streptozotocin treatment. | 99,138 | [
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Comparative studies on two ferredoxins from the cyanobacterium Nostoc strain MAC. | Two ferredoxins were isolated from the cyanobacterium Nostoc strain MAC grown autotrophically in the light or heterotrophically in the dark. In either case approximately three times as much ferredoxin I as ferredoxin II was obtained. Both ferredoxins had absorption maxima at 276, 282 (shoulder), 330, 423 and 465 nm in the oxidized state, and each possessed a single 2 Fe-2S active centre. Their isoelectric points were approx. 3.2. The midpoint redox potentials of the ferredoxins differed markedly; that of ferredoxin I was --350mV and that of ferredoxin II was --445mV, at pH 8.0. The midpoint potential of ferredoxin II was unusual in being pH dependent. Ferredoxin I was most active in supporting NADP+ photoreduction by chloroplasts, whereas ferredoxin II was somewhat more active in pyruvate decarboxylation by the phosphoroclastic system of Clostridum pasteurianum. Though the molecular weights of the ferredoxins determined by ultracentrifugation were the same within experimetnal error, the amino acid compositions showed marked differences. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of ferredoxins I and II were determined by means of an automatic sequencer. There are 11--12 differences between the sequences of the first 32 residues. It appears that the two ferredoxins have evolved separately to fulfil different roles in the organism. | 99,139 | [
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The role of zinc in the stabilization of the dimeric form of bacterial alpha-amylase. | Bacterial alpha-amylase was shown by equilibrium and velocity-sedimentation studies to be a monomer-dimer equilibrium system in 0.10M-NaCl/0.015M-calcium acetate/0.010M-EDTA, pH7.0; an association constant of 2.4 X 10(3)M-1 is obtained. Studies of the binding of Zn2+ to alpha-amylase in 0.10M-NaCl/0.005M-calcium acetate, pH7.0, yielded binding curves that exhibit dependence on the concentration of alpha-amylase (Zn2+-free) used in the equilibrium-dialysis experiments. Results are described very satisfactorily by a reaction scheme in which Zn2+ binds exclusively to the dimer of the above monomer--dimer system with an association constant of 1.0 X 10(6)M-1. The present results refute the earlier scheme for dimer stabilization by Zn2+ in which the metal ion formed a cross-link between two non polymerizing monomer units. | 99,142 | [
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Purification and characterization of canine alpha-1-antiproteinase. | The principal canine plasma protease inhibitor, alpha-1-antiproteinase, has been purified 90-fold with a 25% yield to apparent homogeneity. The purification scheme includes anion-exchange chromatography, to separate away the bulk of the serum albumin; affinity chromatography by insolubilized concanavalin A, to remove most of the other serum proteins as well as traces of albumin; and, finally, sizing on Sephacryl-S-200. Unique to this purification scheme is the batch use of insolubilized hemoglobin--Sepharose beads to remove the ubiquitous contaminant haptoglobin. The purified material has an apparent molecular weight of 58 000, 11.2% carbohydrate, and an E280nm1% = 5.82, and can be separated by isoelectric focusing into at least two distinct forms with pI values of 4.40 and 4.52. In addition, canine alpha-1-antiproteinase is immunologically distinct from human alpha-1-antiproteinase. | 99,166 | [
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0.09762832,
-0.196573... |
Use of fluorescence polarization to monitor intracellular membrane changes during temperature acclimation. Correlation with lipid compositional and ultrastructural changes. | Fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenylhexatriene (DPH) was used to study the effects of temperature acclimation on Tetrahymena membranes. The physical properties of membrane lipids were found to be highly dependent on cellular growth temperature. DPH polarization in lipids from three different membrane fractions correlated well with earlier freeze-fracture and electron spin resonance observations showing that membrane fluidity progressively decreases in the order microsomes greater than pellicles greater than cilia throughout a wide range of growth temperatures. Changes in membrane lipid fluidity following a shift from high to low growth temperatures proceed rapidly in the microsomes, whereas there is a pronounced lag in the changes of peripheral cell membrane lipids. These data support previous observations that adaptive changes in membrane fluidity proceed via lipid modifications in the endoplasmic reticulum, followed by dissemination of lipid components to other cell membranes. The rapid changes in polarization observed in the microsomal lipids following a temperature shift correspond closely with the time-dependent alterations in both lipid fatty acid composition and freeze-fracture patterns of membrane particle distribution, suggesting that, in the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid phase separation is the primary cause of membrane particle rearrangements. | 99,167 | [
-0.1120675,
-0.2038704,
-0.01420147,
-0.139996,
-0.3214324,
-0.2638341,
0.1386205,
0.2275271,
0.1884335,
0.2711396,
0.001223876,
-0.3627622,
-0.2332076,
-0.1059615,
-0.01517515,
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-0.5344238,
0.1021105,
-0.07342151,
0.348897,
0.4462013,
0.3884592,
-0.08007669,
... |
Isolation and characterization of an enriched Golgi fraction from rat brain. | A fraction rich in membranes of the Golgi apparatus was isolated from rat brain by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. The fraction sedimented at the characteristic Golgi density of 1.11--1.15 (g/cm3, 5 degrees C) and had specific activities of Golgi-marker enzymes (N-acetyllactosaminyl synthetase, glycoprotein (Fetuin) galactosyltransferase, thiamine pyrophosphatase), 6--7 times over those of the original homogenates. The recovery of the enzyme activities in this fraction ranged from 17 to 31 %. The incorporation [3H]fucose into glycoproteins was 3-fold higher than in homogenate. Recovery and relative specific activities of marker enzymes for other subcellular organelles were low. Electron microscopic analysis of the fraction revealed in the presence of Golgi structures, namely, large sacs or plates with attached tubules and "blebbing" of the tubules into the vesicles. | 99,178 | [
0.02783353,
-0.1220762,
-0.3669339,
-0.08489776,
0.3656313,
-0.3855599,
0.09479421,
0.0312923,
-0.1519127,
0.2033969,
-0.02973439,
-0.155853,
-0.1568827,
-0.118669,
-0.4290976,
0.2538495,
-0.506153,
-0.03884801,
0.3743122,
0.3568974,
0.2417919,
0.3425808,
-0.3032681,
0.... |
Human lymphoid cells of the intestinal mucosa showing specificity for both immunoglobulin light and heavy chains. | The presence of single human lymphoid cells expressing on the one hand both kappa and lambda light chain and on the other hand either both mu and alpha or both mu and gamma heavy chains, was observed in the intestinal mucosa. The variability of the frequency of such cells, both from one subject to another, or in the same sample, is a characteristic of this population. | 99,188 | [
0.01948795,
-0.4195676,
-0.2427564,
-0.1796803,
0.1412237,
-0.1330062,
-0.2578648,
0.1600385,
0.08553908,
0.2629845,
0.09349521,
0.05195544,
0.3289822,
0.0898585,
-0.4152066,
-0.2701135,
-0.4201555,
-0.1739013,
-0.07048598,
0.2589471,
0.2939592,
0.06779576,
0.0008782129,
... |
Combined modality therapy of Hodgkin's disease: a report on the Stanford Trials. | A total of 440 previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease have been treated on randomized clinical trials at Stanford University, testing the value of combined modality therapy. A group of 244 patients with stages I, II and III were treated between 1968 with radiotherapy alone or combined with adjuvant MOPP chemotherapy. The adjuvant MOPP significantly improves the initial freedom from relapse (FFR) duration but improvement in survival is only minimal and not yet significant. The ability to induce a second durable remission after initial treatment failure results in freedom from second relapse rates (FF2dR) which more closely parallel survival figures than FFR. Adjuvant MOPP cannot yet be recommended as a routine adjuvant in the radiation maanagement of Hodgkin's disease. A pilot trial of the role of radiation therapy in the chemotherapy management of stage IV patients does not indicate an advantage of the irradiation. Preliminary analyses of new treatment programs in 163 patients with all stages of disease treated between 1974--1977 indicate improved survival and FFR rates, the majority of patients receiving combined modality therapy. Only three patients have died and nine patients have relapsed during the three year period of these new trials. | 99,226 | [
-0.136829,
-0.000435916,
-0.1063245,
-0.4305229,
0.2080592,
-0.3706265,
-0.01703596,
0.086238,
0.1283334,
0.1216688,
0.07947513,
0.1534452,
-0.0112996,
0.1509809,
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0.3955359,
0.02954991,
0.2921847,
0.08009312,
0.1742031,
0.2349694,
-0.07735319,
0.... |
RNA synthesis and control of cell division in the yeast S. cerevisiae. | Cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae rapidly accumulated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle when exposed to the chelating agents o-phenanthroline (OP) or 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ). Zinc salts fully reversed the growth-inhibitory effect of both OP and HQ. Cells treated with these chelating agents showed limited RNA accumulation and little RNA degradation. Rates of RNA synthesis were drastically reduced by low concentrations of these compounds. Whereas rates of protein synthesis were essentially unaffected. Rates of synthesis of mRNA and tRNA were less affected than were rates of synthesis of high molecular weight RNA. Processing of ribosomal precursor RNA was altered. these results suggest that the primary effect of OP and HQ is on rRNA synthesis. RNA metabolism must therefore have a key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. | 99,247 | [
-0.01929753,
-0.03249889,
-0.1986334,
-0.2050976,
-0.1628863,
-0.08208095,
0.2093564,
0.2433929,
0.1113768,
0.03543695,
0.2548286,
0.1613967,
-0.2054477,
0.2378242,
-0.6597925,
0.06354863,
0.301155,
-0.02078662,
-0.1263588,
0.1331671,
0.5354736,
0.2440588,
-0.226038,
0.... |
[Effects of testosterone propionate on LH and testosterone concentrations before and after the injection of gonadoliberin in young bulls pre-treated with dexamethasone]. | This preliminary study has been performed on four young twin bulls, one pair aged 6 months and the other one aged 12 months. Plasma LH and testosterone were assayed from frequent blood sampling. Testosterone propionate (TP) following dexamethasone treatment did not significantly influence the LH response to gonadoliberin compared to the twin controls, although testosterone concentrations were high in those TP treated animals. | 99,262 | [
0.2556133,
-0.06109844,
0.06765063,
-0.1644589,
0.1205255,
-0.5026419,
-0.2448367,
-0.02605523,
-0.4420409,
-0.2326529,
0.08587057,
0.2362311,
0.06351927,
-0.1322761,
-0.5675018,
-0.4005908,
-0.1668938,
0.06852365,
0.1893983,
0.1428491,
0.1774423,
0.06455828,
-0.2260185,
... |
A comparative study of two methods of measurement of fractional calcium absorption: results in normal individuals and patients with various disturbances of calcium metabolism. | Two methods of measurement of fractional calcium absorption have been compared in the same individuals. There is a significant correlation between fractional 47Ca absorption as measured with a blood counting method and with an external counting method after intravenous and oral administration of 47Ca (P less than 0.001). Two varieties of the external counting method, namely with intervals of 2 h and 7 days between the i.v. and oral doses, have been compared. In a group of twenty-one patients with chronic renal failure (not on haemodialysis), 47Ca absorption as measured by external counting was significantly lower than in the control group (P less than 0.001). When put on a dialysis programme a group of six patients showed a significant increase of the fractional 47Ca absorption (P less than 0.01). | 99,310 | [
-0.5071594,
0.1821508,
-0.2105571,
0.04717817,
0.1945848,
-0.1986483,
-0.01999864,
0.01482931,
-0.1145216,
0.0418027,
0.01375855,
0.3441989,
-0.06186262,
0.2528727,
-0.6976994,
-0.4619105,
-0.4290974,
-0.01609006,
-0.4212458,
0.3129753,
0.000467642,
0.3942234,
0.03261485,... |
Interlaboratory comparison of radioimmunological parathyroid hormone determination. | An inter-laboratory study of serum immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) determinations using standardized sera has been performed in order to check the value of the assays for the diagnosis of hyperparathyroid states. The results demonstrate: (1) that most of the cooperating laboratories (eleven of twelve) were able to discriminate between normal and grossly elevated PTH-values; (2) that direct comparison of values from different laboratories indicates very poor agreement; (3) that PTH values cannot be interpreted without a description of the characteristics of the assay used; (4) that the introduction of standard sera is advantageous and should be undertaken; (5) that determination of iPTH in serum samples is far from being a routine method when compared with radioimmunoassays for hormones like insulin, growth hormone, etc.; the difficulties being due to lack of standardized reagents and peculiarities in the metabolism of the hormone. | 99,312 | [
-0.1392933,
-0.1549774,
-0.0258872,
-0.3530755,
-0.2316389,
-0.2419985,
-0.2619189,
0.440163,
0.1134985,
0.2578549,
0.1573422,
-0.03994614,
-0.06796856,
-0.2849117,
-0.5383346,
-0.1708174,
-0.08601131,
0.04648817,
0.08319632,
0.3530039,
0.3268433,
0.06105061,
-0.04495932,... |
Plasma phenylethanolamine in hepatic encephalopathy. | It has been suggested that amines other than octopamine may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Plasma phenylethanolamine has been determined by a radioenzymatic method in twenty-six biopsy-proven cirrhotics with or without encephalopathy and in seven normal adults. Phenylethanolamine plasma levels correlated statistically with the presence of liver cirrhosis and severe coma. These results are consistent with the false neurotransmitter hypothesis of hepatic encephalopathy. | 99,315 | [
-0.1690954,
-0.09853909,
-0.1294932,
-0.3118191,
0.1377678,
-0.233266,
-0.25633,
-0.02673396,
-0.04504944,
0.1484404,
0.1692798,
0.2222386,
0.3343059,
0.4079211,
-0.5466607,
0.003612008,
-0.1408733,
0.3458995,
-0.109894,
0.08129377,
-0.2470947,
0.1114483,
0.1000631,
-0.... |
Histochemical study of cobalt-induced focal epilepsy. | A previous study showed a strong relationship between human focal epilepsy and the presence in the cortex of "activated" astrocytes characterized by an intense activity of dehydrogenases (DH) involved in glucose metabolism and of glutamate DH. Using the semi-chronic model of cobalt-induced experimental focal epilepsy in the rat, we investigated a possible correlation between astrocyte modifications and the chronological development of the epileptic manifestations on the ECoG. After a few days the cobalt-implanted rats present spikes, then sharp waves followed by an electrical crisis and ultimately motor seizures. Activated astrocytes were found in each phase of this evolution. Their number increases with the intensity of the manifestations. There is a close relationship between activated astrocytes and focal epileptic phenomena. At this stage of our study it is clear that the presence of activated astrocytes is not a consequence of seizures. However, it is impossible to say whether the activation is secondary to the hyperactivity of the neurons or directly responsible for the constitution of the epileptic focus. In any case, activated astrocytes provide a new means of localizing an epileptogenic focus. | 99,327 | [
0.005949398,
0.03640098,
-0.161313,
0.2364943,
-0.2273263,
-0.5807183,
-0.1223258,
-0.1485783,
-0.1856188,
0.0658165,
-0.278038,
0.02661019,
-0.1230447,
-0.04509854,
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0.09946544,
0.1352056,
0.3058278,
0.2899495,
0.1542782,
-0.0320396,
0.2704417,
-0.1103737,
0... |
Depression of contact sensitivity by enhancement of suppressor cell activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-injected mice. | Heat-killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa depresses contact sensitivity to oxazolone in C56BL/6 mice. The draining lymph nodes and spleens of mice exhibiting an impaired reactivity to oxazolone contain a cell population capable of depressing the response to oxazolone of recipients sensitized immediately before cell transfer. The suppressive activity of these cells appears to be antigen specific, since they do not affect the response to picryl chloride and because they do not arise in P. aeruginosa-injected but not oxazolone-sensitized mice. These suppressor cells occur in the draining lymph nodes and spleen at 3 and 4 days after sensitization, respectively, and have precursors sensitive to cyclophosphamide. It is concluded that P. aeruginosa depresses contact sensitivity to oxazolone by enhancing the suppressor cell activity of the regulatory cells which arise during conventional sensitization. | 99,365 | [
0.1410821,
-0.5524291,
-0.1334324,
0.03856882,
-0.377705,
0.1542202,
0.06074072,
0.1856895,
-0.2511684,
0.2069677,
0.06288803,
0.1576121,
-0.1776225,
0.03391439,
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-0.122174,
-0.1426145,
0.05350926,
0.1520878,
0.5300169,
0.0583786,
0.2099757,
0.1189091,
-0.137... |
Incomplete inhibition of the immunoglobulin G-binding behavior of nitrated protein A. | Nitration of protein A with tetranitromethane incompletely blocks its Fc-binding ability for immunoglobulin G when measured by more sensitive methods of immunoprecipitation and when tested in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, binding of protein A and blockage by nitration is heterogeneous and depends on the species origin of the immunoglobulin G. | 99,370 | [
-0.07990687,
0.07693963,
0.06218004,
-0.03117619,
-0.01430595,
0.1034937,
-0.4230589,
-0.03370361,
0.04984915,
0.1557168,
0.2052957,
0.1910702,
0.2828155,
-0.2579926,
-0.09182803,
0.1001793,
-0.4175557,
-0.04658784,
-0.03771451,
0.2100098,
0.1193976,
0.05219243,
-0.119405... |
A zinc-deficiency dermatitis in patients on total parenteral nutrition. | Three patients on home total parenteral nutrition utilizing a synthetic amino acid solutions developed a dermatitis consistent with acrodermatitis enteropathica after 30, 43 and 62 days of therapy. The dermatitis resolved after changing to casein hydrolysate in 2 patients and after full oral alimentation in the third. Although measured serum zinc levels were repeatedly normal to elevated in all patients, sufficient retrospective data analysis combined with literature review on this subject, clearly implicates zinc deficiency as the etiology for their dermatitis. Adequate zinc supplementation of synthetic amino acid solutions is essential in order to avoid this complication. | 99,376 | [
-0.2189418,
-0.4950608,
-0.158611,
-0.2693253,
-0.01130111,
0.1073092,
-0.006293256,
-0.001224211,
0.1864652,
-0.2163514,
0.2648552,
-0.2010084,
0.08623361,
0.08707797,
-0.1341523,
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-0.2589105,
0.02295699,
-0.3162295,
-0.1720311,
0.02137884,
0.4007716,
0.04837... |
Myoxomas of the jaws. | A retrospective study on 15 patients with myxomas of the jaws was carried out. Follow-up information was obtained in 10 patients. Clinical, radiologic, and microscopic features were examined and the results of extensive resection versus conservative surgery were evaluated. The results seem to be in favor of the latter. Four cases are presented in detail. | 99,378 | [
-0.1269389,
0.06322267,
-0.357556,
-0.3457868,
-0.3107651,
-0.26988,
-0.2250013,
-0.09242209,
-0.04688235,
-0.1186207,
0.09582513,
0.04565171,
0.1454792,
-0.4118954,
-0.373905,
-0.04828965,
-0.06378545,
-0.03006046,
0.02486776,
0.1347579,
0.4670383,
-0.07742815,
0.0186663... |
Lipomas of the oral cavity. | The clinical and histopathologic characteristics of oral lipomas are reviewed. A series of six patients undergoing surgical treatment for oral lipomas at the University of Bergen, Department of Oral Surgery during the period 1969--1976 is presented. The characteristics of the six tumors are described and the findings compared with those of previously reported cases. | 99,380 | [
-0.07397473,
-0.08240581,
-0.2504939,
-0.3614595,
-0.00237338,
-0.2264559,
-0.2777731,
-0.07585016,
0.1379381,
0.09385818,
0.3056272,
-0.09435742,
0.08833992,
-0.4027225,
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-0.1289854,
0.06247368,
0.07520018,
0.1478722,
0.05210452,
0.3469581,
0.2374956,
-0.05742... |
Occlusal concepts for the orthognathic surgeon. | A review of modern occlusal concepts is of great value to the orthognathic surgeon in treating dentofacial deformities. A thorough knowledge of occlusion is essential in the correct diagnosis and treatment of patients requiring surgical alterations in their occlusal relationships. Following these surgical alterations, a critical postoperative evaluation is important in determining the timing and need for occlusal equilibration and/or restorative measures. | 99,386 | [
-0.08021371,
0.4280062,
0.08621664,
-0.2997415,
-0.003490119,
-0.1372425,
0.1419397,
-0.02554533,
0.08829834,
-0.03712426,
0.1834162,
-0.04793818,
-0.5422016,
-0.4204598,
-0.662773,
-0.2265691,
-0.2787804,
0.2265755,
0.005146899,
-0.2082121,
0.08909797,
0.1082456,
0.05201... |
Dental management of the irradiated patient. | There is an increasing number of patients receiving radiation therapy for oral malignancies. In many malignant tumors, radiation is often the treatment of choice, while in others it may be used in conjunction with surgery or chemotherapy. There are inherent dental and oral problems associated with radiation therapy. It is the purpose of this paper to deal briefly with the physical principles and the biological basis of radiation therapy. In addition, the specific radiation effects on oral mucous membranes, taste buds, salivary glands, bone, the periodontium and teeth will be discussed. Radiation complications in edentulous patients, and in particular the problems of wearing dentures in such patients will be evaluated. An approach to the problem of dental extractions and other dental treatments in the pre- and post-irradiated patient is suggested. | 99,387 | [
-0.1990563,
0.191321,
-0.2925552,
0.1377971,
0.06529548,
-0.4429515,
0.03549719,
-0.06270675,
0.1261076,
0.3516704,
0.1606962,
-0.1347125,
-0.0969258,
-0.2583804,
-0.4584082,
0.09100152,
-0.09160959,
0.08009858,
-0.03028586,
-0.02609562,
0.2812703,
0.2442471,
0.04297883,
... |
Kasugamycin-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis. | Kasugamycin-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis were isolated and classified into two groups, one of which had resistance to kasugamycin in in vitro protein synthesis and mapped in the ribosomal region. The other group had no resistance to kasugamycin in in vitro protein synthesis and had weak cross-resistance to gentamicin and kanamycin. Neither group could sporulate in the presence of kasugamycin. | 99,430 | [
0.2714205,
-0.1159176,
-0.02150287,
0.1519632,
-0.1022904,
-0.1569855,
-0.2258644,
-0.05516591,
0.0658585,
-0.2157027,
0.2855815,
0.1800451,
0.01868971,
0.08741803,
-0.3587336,
0.0619464,
-0.1776749,
0.1629192,
-0.05605571,
-0.3226346,
0.4849217,
-0.2218661,
0.1205482,
... |
DNA synthesis in competent Bacillus subtilis cells. | Competent cells of Bacillus subtilis incorporate degradation products from transfecting DNA into their chromosomal DNA. The sensitivity of this incorporation to inhibitors of bacterial DNA synthesis [phage infection or 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil] suggests that semiconservative DNA synthesis can occur in competent cells. | 99,432 | [
-0.1864488,
-0.2827222,
-0.1603807,
0.09375832,
0.1731762,
-0.3233131,
-0.4248849,
0.02837261,
0.3088042,
-0.08667456,
0.1829332,
0.06418023,
-0.1396004,
0.1706163,
-0.8467972,
0.09475657,
-0.2333897,
0.1524007,
-0.408485,
0.1265756,
0.4456261,
0.02221862,
-0.1994582,
-... |
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