title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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The coffee genome provides insight into the convergent evolution of caffeine biosynthesis. | Coffee is a valuable beverage crop due to its characteristic flavor, aroma, and the stimulating effects of caffeine. We generated a high-quality draft genome of the species Coffea canephora, which displays a conserved chromosomal gene order among asterid angiosperms. Although it shows no sign of the whole-genome triplication identified in Solanaceae species such as tomato, the genome includes several species-specific gene family expansions, among them N-methyltransferases (NMTs) involved in caffeine production, defense-related genes, and alkaloid and flavonoid enzymes involved in secondary compound synthesis. Comparative analyses of caffeine NMTs demonstrate that these genes expanded through sequential tandem duplications independently of genes from cacao and tea, suggesting that caffeine in eudicots is of polyphyletic origin. | 25,190,796 | [
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Unspliced X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) protects endothelial cells from oxidative stress through interaction with histone deacetylase 3. | It is well known that atherosclerosis occurs geographically at branch points where disturbed flow predisposes to the development of plaque via triggering of oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. In this study, we found that disturbed flow activated anti-oxidative reactions via up-regulating heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in an X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)-dependent manner. Disturbed flow concomitantly up-regulated the unspliced XBP1 (XBP1u) and HDAC3 in a VEGF receptor and PI3K/Akt-dependent manner. The presence of XBP1 was essential for the up-regulation of HDAC3 protein. Overexpression of XBP1u and/or HDAC3 activated Akt1 phosphorylation, Nrf2 protein stabilization and nuclear translocation, and HO-1 expression. Knockdown of XBP1u decreased the basal level and disturbed flow-induced Akt1 phosphorylation, Nrf2 stabilization, and HO-1 expression. Knockdown of HDAC3 ablated XBP1u-mediated effects. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) inhibitor, AZD2014, ablated XBP1u or HDAC3 or disturbed flow-mediated Akt1 phosphorylation, Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and HO-1 expression. Neither actinomycin D nor cycloheximide affected disturbed flow-induced up-regulation of Nrf2 protein. Knockdown of Nrf2 abolished XBP1u or HDAC3 or disturbed flow-induced HO-1 up-regulation. Co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that XBP1u physically bound to HDAC3 and Akt1. The region of amino acids 201 to 323 of the HDAC3 protein was responsible for the binding to XBP1u. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed that the interactions between Akt1 and mTORC2, Akt1 and HDAC3, Akt1 and XBP1u, HDAC3, and XBP1u occurred in the cytosol. Thus, we demonstrate that XBP1u and HDAC3 exert a protective effect on disturbed flow-induced oxidative stress via up-regulation of mTORC2-dependent Akt1 phosphorylation and Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression. | 25,190,803 | [
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Food caramels: a review. | Caramel, defined as coloring agent and as an antioxidant, is being used in several kinds of food products. It has been classified into 4 classes to satisfy the requirement of several food and beverage systems. The variation in its consistency owing to its basic content of milk solids, sugars, and fat has been studied. Several methods have been found to estimate the amount of color provided by caramel in food products. Various formulations have been cited for the production of caramel by eradicating the frequent areas of problems during its processing. Caramel has been used as a synthetic colorant replacer in the baking and beverage industries. Researchers have aimed to ascertain the contribution to the antioxidant activity of some caramel-containing soft drinks. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of Class I caramel color as "not specified"; that of Class II as 0-160 mg/kg body weight; that of Class III as 0-200 mg/kg body weight; and that of Class IV as 0-200 mg/kg body weight. This paper is an overview of the classification, physicochemical nature, formulations, coloring properties, antioxidant properties, and toxicity of caramel in different food systems. | 25,190,825 | [
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Comparative prophylactic effects of α-eleostearic acid rich nano and conventional emulsions in induced diabetic rats. | The present work entailed perspicacious fabrication of Bitter Gourd Seed Oil Nanoemulsion (BGO-NE) for increasing bioavailability of CLnA in oxidative stress induced in vivo system. The BGO-NE was characterized and evaluated for dimensional as well as rheological changes periodically during a 12 week storage period. BGO comprising ∼50 % α-eleostearic acid, was assessed in conventional and NE formulation at different doses, for its ability to stimulate antioxidative enzyme marker paradigm comprising SOD, GPx, CAT and GSH, inherent to the subjects under study. The formulated BGO-NE (d < 100 nm) was found to be stable for 12 weeks compared to BGO-CE as was determined by particle size characterization and associated parameters. Diet supplementation of 0.5 % (w/v) BGO-NE formulation exhibited maximum efficiency in countering oxidative stress as compared to 1 % BGO-NE formulation and equivalent doses of BGO-CE. Higher efficacy at very low dose of the nano-sized formulation was thus, also established. Histopathological data from liver, pancreas and kidney sections corroborated the above findings. The present study with formulated BGO-NE and BGO-CE evaluates and confirms the implications of a NE formulation of a bioactive lipid - conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA), targeting specific in vivo processes to counter the negative influence of excess ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) in the system. It, thus presents itself as a potent nutraceutical against diabetes mellitus in an optimized delivery system. | 25,190,828 | [
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Immobilization of xylanase purified from Bacillus pumilus VLK-1 and its application in enrichment of orange and grape juices. | This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of purified free and immobilized xylanase in enrichment of fruit juices. Extracellular xylanase produced from Bacillus pumilus VLK-1 was purified to apparent homogeneity by 15.4-fold with 88.3 % recovery in a single step using CM-Sephadex C-50. Purified xylanase showed a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel with a molecular mass of 22.0 kDa. The purified enzyme was immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated aluminum oxide pellets and the immobilization process parameters were optimized statistically through response surface methodology. The bound enzyme displayed an increase in optimum temperature from 60 to 65 ºC and pH from 8.0 to 9.0. The pH and temperature stability of the enzyme was also enhanced after immobilization. It could be reused for 10 consecutive cycles with 58 % residual enzyme activity. The potential of purified xylanase (free and immobilized) in juice enrichment from grape (Vitis amurensis) and orange (Citrus sinensis) pulps has been investigated. The optimization of this process using free xylanase revealed maximum juice yield, clarity and reducing sugar on treatment with 20 IU/g fruit pulp for 30 min at 50 ºC. Treatment of both the fruit pulps with xylanase under optimized conditions resulted in an increase in juice yield, clarity, reducing sugars, titratable acidity, and filterability but a decline in turbidity and viscosity. Immobilized enzyme was more effective in improving juice quality as compared to its soluble counterpart. The results showed B. pumilus VLK-1 xylanase, in both free and immobilized form, as a potential candidate for use in fruit juice enrichment. | 25,190,829 | [
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Physicochemical properties of wheat-canna and wheat-konjac composite flours. | Physicochemical properties of composite flours made of wheat from low to high protein contents and canna or konjac at different levels of substitution (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 %) were prepared and analyzed. Compared to that of wheat flour alone, increasing levels of canna inclusions significantly increased the amount of resistant starch (RS) but decreased the protein content of composite flours. This substitution did not alter the total starch (TS), amylase and amylopectin contents of these mixtures. Changes in physicochemical properties were also observed in wheat-konjac composite flours. Increasing amounts of konjac flour decreased the TS, amylase, amylopectin, and protein content of the mixtures, but increased the amount of RS. Substitution of wheat flour with 75 % of canna or konjac flours in HPWC (High Protein Wheat-Canna), HPWK (High Protein Wheat-Konjac), and LPWK (Low Protein Wheat-Konjac) increased the swelling power of these mixtures at 80 and 90 °C. In general, substitution of wheat flour with up to 50 % of canna or konjac flours did not cause any other observable decline. In addition, the substitution of wheat flour with canna or konjac flours increased the gelatinization temperature of all composite flours. | 25,190,833 | [
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Optimization of ohmic heating applications for pectin methylesterase inactivation in orange juice. | Ohmic heating (OH) which is among to electro-thermal methods and helps to inactivate microorganisms and enzymes was used in this study as thermal treatment on orange juice production for pectin methylesterase (PME) inactivation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of OH conditions. The effects of voltage gradient and temperature (independent variables) were investigated on PME activity (response) of orange juice. After optimization orange juice was produced and compared with untreated control juices and conventional thermally heated juices on the aspect of PME inactivation and some quality characteristics. Reduction of PME activities was found approximately 96 % in OH groups where conventional thermally heated juice has 88.3 % reduction value. Total pectin content was increased 1.72-2 % after OH applications. Ascorbic acid contents of OH samples were found between 43.08-45.20 mg/100 mL where conventional thermally heated juice has 42.9 mg/100 mL. As a result, it was determined that OH can be applied as a thermal treatment on orange juice production in moderate temperatures for PME inactivation and may improve functional properties of orange juice. | 25,190,836 | [
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Development of extruded Ready-To-Eat (RTE) snacks using corn, black gram, roots and tuber flour blends. | Extruded RTE snacks were prepared from flour blends made with corn flour, Bengal gram flour, roots and tuber flours in a proportion of 60-80: 20: 20 respectively and moisture was adjusted to 17-20 %. The roots and tubers flours were developed from potato (Solanum tuberosum), yam (Dioscorea spp.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), taro (Colocassia esculenta) and beet root (Beta vulgaris). Different formulations were extruded at 80 ± 5 °C (heater I) and 95-105 °C (heater II) temperature, 300-350 rpm screw speed, 100 ± 10 °C die temperature and 15 ± 2 kg/h feed rate. The exit diameter of the circular die was 3 mm. Sensory acceptability, physical parameters and nutrient analysis along with storage stability of the products was conducted. The fiber and energy content of the RTE extruded snack improved in experimental samples prepared using root and tuber flours. A serving of 100 g of the snack can provide more than 400 Kcal and 10 g of protein. The overall acceptability of RTE extruded products made with potato and taro were highly acceptable compared to yam and sweet potato. The study demonstrates utilization of roots and tuber flours as potential and diverse ingredients to enhance the appearance and nutritional properties in RTE extruded snack. | 25,190,848 | [
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Optimization of cocoa butter analog synthesis variables using neural networks and genetic algorithm. | Cocoa butter analog was prepared from camel hump fat and tristearin by enzymatic interesterification in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) using immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (Lipozyme TL IM) as a biocatalyst. Optimal process conditions were determined using neural networks and genetic algorithm optimization. Response surfaces methodology was used to design the experiments to collect data for the neural network modelling. A general regression neural network model was developed to predict the response of triacylglycerol (TAG) distribution of cocoa butter analog from the process pressure, temperature, tristearin/camel hump fat ratio, water content, and incubation time. A genetic algorithm was used to search for a combination of the process variables for production of most similar cocoa butter analog to the corresponding cocoa butter. The combinations of the process variables during genetic algorithm optimization were evaluated using the neural network model. The pressure of 10 MPa; temperature of 40 °C; SSS/CHF ratio of 0.6:1; water content of 13 % (w/w); and incubation time of 4.5 h were found to be the optimum conditions to achieve the most similar cocoa butter analog to the corresponding cocoa butter. | 25,190,869 | [
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Preparation of low galactose yogurt using cultures of Gal(+) Streptococcus thermophilus in combination with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. | Streptococcus thermophilus is an important lactic starter used in the production of yogurt. Most strains of S. thermophilus are galactose negative (Gal(-)) and are able to metabolize only glucose portion of lactose and expel galactose into the medium. This metabolic defect leads to the accumulation of free galactose in yogurt, resulting in galactosemia among consumers. Hence there is an absolute need to develop low galactose yogurt. Therefore, in this study, three galactose positive (Gal(+)) S. thermophilus strains from National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC) viz. NCDC 659 (AJM), NCDC 660 (JM1), NCDC 661 (KM3) and a reference galactose negative (Gal(-)) S. thermophilus NCDC 218 were used for preparation of low galactose yogurt. In milk fermented using S. thermophilus isolates alone, NCDC 659 released less galactose (0.27 %) followed by NCDC 661 (0.3 %) and NCDC 660 (0.45 %) after 10 h at 42 °C. Milk was fermented in combination with Gal(-) L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NCDC 04, in which NCDC 659 released least galactose upto 0.49 % followed by NCDC 661 (0.51 %) and NCDC 660 (0.60 %) than reference Gal(-) NCDC 218(0.79 %). Low galactose yogurt was prepared following standard procedure using Gal(+) S. thermophilus isolates and Gal(-) L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NCDC 04 in 1:1 ratio. Among which low galactose yogurt by NCDC 659 combination contained less galactose 0.37 % followed by NCDC 661 (0.51 %), NCDC 660 (0.65 %) and reference Gal(-) NCDC 218 (0.98 %) after 4 h of fermentation. This study clearly reveals that Gal(+) S. thermophilus isolates can be paired with Gal(-) L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus for developing low galactose yogurt. | 25,190,881 | [
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Phase Equilibria of Ternary and Quaternary Systems Containing Diethyl Carbonate with Water. | In this study liquid phase equilibrium compositions were measured at 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure for (water + propan-1-ol + diethyl carbonate (DEC) + benzene or cyclohexane or heptane) quaternary systems and (water + DEC + propan-1-ol or benzene or cyclohexane) ternary systems. Good correlation of the experimental LLE data was seen for the measured systems by both modified and extended UNIQUAC models. The solubility of DEC in aqueous and organic phases is shown by equilibrium distribution coefficients calculated from the LLE data. | 25,190,896 | [
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Three-dimensional assessment of unilateral subcondylar fracture using computed tomography after open reduction. | The aim was to assess the accuracy of three-dimensional anatomical reductions achieved by open method of treatment in cases of displaced unilateral mandibular subcondylar fractures using preoperative (pre op) and postoperative (post op) computed tomography (CT) scans. In this prospective study, 10 patients with unilateral sub condylar fractures confirmed by an orthopantomogram were included. A pre op and post op CT after 1 week of surgical procedure was taken in axial, coronal and sagittal plane along with three-dimensional reconstruction. Standard anatomical parameters, which undergo changes due to fractures of the mandibular condyle were measured in pre and post op CT scans in three planes and statistically analysed for the accuracy of the reduction comparing the following variables: (a) Pre op fractured and nonfractured side (b) post op fractured and nonfractured side (c) pre op fractured and post op fractured side. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Three-dimensional anatomical reduction was possible in 9 out of 10 cases (90%). The statistical analysis of each parameter in three variables revealed (P < 0.05) that there was a gross change in the dimensions of the parameters obtained in pre op fractured and nonfractured side. When these parameters were assessed in post op CT for the three variables there was no statistical difference between the post op fractured side and non fractured side. The same parameters were analysed for the three variables in pre op fractured and post op fractured side and found significant statistical difference suggesting a considerable change in the dimensions of the fractured side post operatively. The statistical and clinical results in our study emphasised that it is possible to fix the condyle in three-dimensional anatomical positions with open method of treatment and avoid post op degenerative joint changes. CT is the ideal imaging tool and should be used on a regular basis for cases of condylar fractures. | 25,190,915 | [
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A novel method for blood volume estimation using trivalent chromium in rabbit models. | Blood volume measurement though important in management of critically ill-patients is not routinely estimated in clinical practice owing to labour intensive, intricate and time consuming nature of existing methods. The aim was to compare blood volume estimations using trivalent chromium [(51)Cr(III)] and standard Evans blue dye (EBD) method in New Zealand white rabbit models and establish correction-factor (CF). Blood volume estimation in 33 rabbits was carried out using EBD method and concentration determined using spectrophotometric assay followed by blood volume estimation using direct injection of (51)Cr(III). Twenty out of 33 rabbits were used to find CF by dividing blood volume estimation using EBD with blood volume estimation using (51)Cr(III). CF is validated in 13 rabbits by multiplying it with blood volume estimation values obtained using (51)Cr(III). The mean circulating blood volume of 33 rabbits using EBD was 142.02 ± 22.77 ml or 65.76 ± 9.31 ml/kg and using (51)Cr(III) was estimated to be 195.66 ± 47.30 ml or 89.81 ± 17.88 ml/kg. The CF was found to be 0.77. The mean blood volume of 13 rabbits measured using EBD was 139.54 ± 27.19 ml or 66.33 ± 8.26 ml/kg and using (51)Cr(III) with CF was 152.73 ± 46.25 ml or 71.87 ± 13.81 ml/kg (P = 0.11). The estimation of blood volume using (51)Cr(III) was comparable to standard EBD method using CF. With further research in this direction, we envisage human blood volume estimation using (51)Cr(III) to find its application in acute clinical settings. | 25,190,922 | [
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Camphor burns of the palm and non-suicidal self-injury: An uncommonly reported, but socially relevant issue. | Camphor is a waxy white sublimating chemical derived from natural as well as synthetic sources and widely used in various communities worldwide for a number of medicinal, culinary, and religious reasons. Camphor is burnt as an offering to God in many religious communities. We report three incidences of self inflicted injury from burning camphor on the palm resulting in full thickness burns. Non-suicidal self-injury is socially unacceptable destruction or alteration of body tissue when there is no suicidal intent or pervasive developmental disorder and we have explored an association between this and burn injury. This report also highlights the unique social and cultural pattern of this burn injury and the importance of psycho-therapeautic help for these victims. | 25,190,924 | [
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Prospective randomized comparison between ultrasound-guided saphenous nerve block within and distal to the adductor canal with low volume of local anesthetic. | The anatomic site and the volume of local anesthetic needed for an ultrasound-guided saphenous nerve block differ in the literature. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of two different ultrasound-guided low volume injections of local anesthetic on saphenous and vastus medialis nerves. Recruited patients (N = 48) scheduled for orthopedic surgery were randomized in two groups; Group distal adductor canal (DAC): Ultrasound-guided injection (5 ml of local anesthetic) distal to the inferior foramina of the adductor canal. Group adductor canal (AC): Ultrasound-guided injection (5 ml local anesthetic) within the adductor canal. Following the injection of local anesthetic, block progression was monitored in 5 min intervals for 15 min in the sartorial branches of the saphenous nerve and vastus medialis nerve. Twenty two patients in each group completed the study. Complete block of the saphenous nerve was observed in 55% and 59% in Group AC and DAC, respectively (P = 0.88). The proportion of patients with vastus medialis weakness at 15 min in Group AC, 36%, was significantly higher than in Group DAC (0/22), (P = 0.021). Low volume of local anesthetic injected within the adductor canal or distally its inferior foramina leads to moderate success rate of the saphenous nerve block, while only the injection within the adductor canal may result in vastus medialis nerve motor block. | 25,190,947 | [
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Convulsions in a critically ill patient on hemodialysis: Possible role of low dose colistin. | The increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens in intensive care units has led to the revival of colistin. Colistin had gone into disrepute in early 1970s because of numerous reports of adverse renal and neurological effects. The renewed interest in colistin has also revived the discussion about its toxicity. The neurotoxicity reported in literature is usually with higher doses of colistin. We present a case report of seizures in a critically ill-patient, possibly with low dose colistin. A 47-year-old hypertensive female with chronic kidney disease-5 with sepsis on colistimethate sodium 1 million units (80 mg), intravenous once daily, developed paresthesias and seizures on 12(th) day of therapy, which were subsequently controlled after withdrawl of the drug. To conclude, colistin should be considered as a cause of convulsions in critically ill-patients with renal failure, even when given in low dose and patient receiving intermittent hemodialysis, when other obvious causes have been ruled out. When possible, cessation of therapy may be considered. | 25,190,957 | [
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Ultrasound-guided aspiration cytology of retroperitoneal masses with histopathological corroboration: A study of 71 cases. | Diagnosis of retroperitoneal lesions is one of the most difficult areas in surgical pathology. Both primary and metastatic tumors can grow silently in retroperitoneum before the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms. Guided aspiration cytology has shown a promising role in diagnosis of lesions in this region. This study was undertaken to evaluate the reliability of guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses and to study the spectrum of retroperitoneal lesions in a rural tertiary care hospital. This study was done on 71 patients presenting with retroperitoneal masses over a period of 20 months in a tertiary care hospital. Ultrasound-guided FNAC was done and the smears were stained by MGG and H and E stains. Histopathological corroboration could be done on all neoplastic lesions along with some non-neoplastic lesions. Out of 71 cases, 48 cases (67.6%) were found to be neoplastic. Malignant tumors (35 cases) were more common than benign ones (13 cases). Malignant lesions were predominantly composed of lesions of lymph node (17 cases i.e. 48.57%) followed by sarcomas (5 cases) and germ cell tumors. Some uncommon retroperitoneal lesions like adrenal myelolipoma, renal angiomyolipoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and adrenocortical carcinoma were found in our study. Guided FNAC could diagnose all the malignant lesions with 100% accuracy except in 2 cases of poorly differentiated carcinoma which came out to be non-Hodgkin lymphoma on subsequent biopsies. Guided FNAC is an inexpensive, rapid and reliable method for diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses. | 25,190,978 | [
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Dose optimization in gynecological 3D image based interstitial brachytherapy using martinez universal perineal interstitial template (MUPIT) -an institutional experience. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the dose optimization in 3D image based gynecological interstitial brachytherapy using Martinez Universal Perineal Interstitial Template (MUPIT). Axial CT image data set of 20 patients of gynecological cancer who underwent external radiotherapy and high dose rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy using MUPIT was employed to delineate clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OARs). Geometrical and graphical optimization were done for optimum CTV coverage and sparing of OARs. Coverage Index (CI), dose homogeneity index (DHI), overdose index (OI), dose non-uniformity ratio (DNR), external volume index (EI), conformity index (COIN) and dose volume parameters recommended by GEC-ESTRO were evaluated. The mean CTV, bladder and rectum volume were 137 ± 47cc, 106 ± 41cc and 50 ± 25cc, respectively. Mean CI, DHI and DNR were 0.86 ± 0.03, 0.69 ± 0.11 and 0.31 ± 0.09, while the mean OI, EI, and COIN were 0.08 ± 0.03, 0.07 ± 0.05 and 0.79 ± 0.05, respectively. The estimated mean CTV D90 was 76 ± 11Gy and D100 was 63 ± 9Gy. The different dosimetric parameters of bladder D2cc, D1cc and D0.1cc were 76 ± 11Gy, 81 ± 14Gy, and 98 ± 21Gy and of rectum/recto-sigmoid were 80 ± 17Gy, 85 ± 13Gy, and 124 ± 37Gy, respectively. Dose optimization yields superior coverage with optimal values of indices. Emerging data on 3D image based brachytherapy with reporting and clinical correlation of DVH parameters outcome is enterprizing and provides definite assistance in improving the quality of brachytherapy implants. DVH parameter for urethra in gynecological implants needs to be defined further. | 25,190,999 | [
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Safety and efficacy of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate compared to morphine sulphate immediate release tablet in management of breakthrough cancer pain. | To compare the efficacy and safety of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) and oral morphine in Indian patients with breakthrough episodes of cancer pain. In this randomized, open label, active controlled, clinical study, total 186 patients who regularly experienced 1-4 episodes of breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) daily, over the persistent pain controlled by taking oral morphine 60 mg/day or its equivalent were randomized to receive either OTFC 200 mcg or oral morphine 10 mg for the treatment of BTCP for 3 days. Improvement in pain as determined by numerical rating scale (NRS) at 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes of drug administration and percentage of BTCP episodes showing reduction in pain intensity by >33% at 15 minutes were primary efficacy endpoints. Secondary efficacy endpoints were requirement for rescue analgesia and global assessment by physician and patient. Data of both treatment groups were analysed by appropriate statistical test using software, STATISTICA, version 11. Patients treated with OTFC experienced significantly greater improvement in pain intensity of breakthrough episodes compared to those treated with oral morphine at all assessment time points (P < 0.0001). 56% of breakthrough pain episodes treated with OTFC showed a greater than 33% reduction in pain intensity from baseline at 15 minutes compared to 39% episodes treated with oral morphine (P < 0.0001). Patient's and physician's global assessment favoured OTFC than oral morphine (P < 0.0001). Requirement of rescue analgesia in both the study groups was similar (P > 0.05). Both study drugs were well tolerated. OTFC was found to provide faster onset of analgesic effect than immediate release oral morphine in management of breakthrough cancer pain. | 25,191,003 | [
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The perception of trauma patients from social support in adjustment to lower-limb amputation: a qualitative study. | The effect of amputation on an individual's psychological condition as well as family and social relationships is undeniable because physical disability not just affects the psycho-social adjustment, but also the mental health. When compared to normal people, such people are mostly experiencing social isolation. On the other hand, social support is known as the most powerful force to cope with stressful situations and it allows patients to withstand problems. The present study aims to explain understanding the trauma of patients and the experience of support sources during the process of adaptation to a lower limb amputation. The present study was conducted using qualitative content analysis. Participants included 20 patients with lower limb amputation due to trauma. Sampling was purposive initially and continued until data saturation. Unstructured interviews were used as the main method of data collection. Collected data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and constant comparison methods. The main theme extracted from the data was support sources. The classes include "supportive family", "gaining friends' support", "gaining morale from peers", and "assurance and satisfaction with the workplace." Given the high number of physical, mental and social problems in trauma patients, identifying and strengthening support sources can be effective in their adaptation with the disease and improvement of the quality of their life. | 25,191,013 | [
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Fertility preservation outcomes may differ by cancer diagnosis. | Cancer survival has improved significantly and maintaining fertility is both a major concern and an important factor for the quality of life in cancer patients. To explore differences in oocyte stimulation for fertility preservation (FP) patients based on cancer diagnosis. Between 2005 and 2011, 109 patients elected to pursue FP at a single institution. In vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome variables between four cancer diagnostic groups (breast, gynecologic, lymphoma/leukemia and other) and age-matched male factor or tubal factor infertility IVF control group were compared. ANOVA and Chi-square analyses were employed to compare variables between the groups that were normally distributed. Kruskal-Wallis with subsequent Mann-Whitney U-test were used for data that were not normally distributed. Women with gynecologic malignancies were significantly older than the women in the other three groups, but tended to have a better ovarian response. Women with hematologic malignancies were most likely to have been exposed to chemotherapy and had the longest stimulations with a similar number of oocytes retrieved. The age-matched IVF controls had higher peak estradiol levels, number of oocytes obtained, and fertilization rates when compared to cancer patients with or without a history of prior chemotherapy. Factors including age, type of cancer and chemotherapy exposure, can influence response to ovarian stimulation. Discussing these findings with patients presenting for FP may aid in setting realistic treatment expectations. | 25,191,024 | [
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Laparoscopic cystectomy of endometrioma: Good surgical technique does not adversely affect ovarian reserve. | The damage to ovarian reserve inflicted by surgery for endometriosis represents a major concern in the balance between reproductive benefits and risks. To evaluate the ovarian reserve in sub fertile women after laparoscopic endometriotic cystectomy. Prospective study, done in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, tertiary care hospital between August 2010-2012. Laparoscopic cystectomy performed by stripping technique for endometriotic cysts. Endometriosis was staged according to revised American Society of Reproductive Medicine classification (rASRM). Ovarian reserve assessed by comparing FSH and LH levels, measurement of residual ovarian volume, antral follicle counts and stromal blood flow on second day of menses pre and postoperatively. Cyst wall was evaluated histologically to note the presence of normal ovarian tissue in resected tissue. SPSS for Windows version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used for statistical calculations. Wilcoxon signed test and Pearson Chi - Square test were applied. Significance level was P < 0.05. Incidence of minimal, mild, moderate, and severe endometriosis was 4.1%, 21.9%, 28.7%, 45.3% respectively. Ovarian reserve was assessed both by ultrasound and biochemical parameters on day 2 of menses; pre and post-operatively. Preoperative and post-operative values; FSH (7.24 ± 1.21, 7.23 ± 1.51 m IU/ml), LH levels (6.37 ± 1.8, 6.6 ± 2.3 m IU/ml), residual ovarian volume (8.5 cm(3) ± 5.3, 7.4 cm(3) ± 5.8), antral follicle count(3.3 ± 1.9, 4.1 ± 1.5) and stromal blood flow (6.8 cm/sec ± 4.57, 7.1 cm/sec ± 3.55) were statistically not significant. Loss of follicle was seen in 27.2% cyst walls on histopathological examination while 72.73% had no loss. Laparoscopic cystectomy when performed for endometriotic cysts with accurate surgical technique leads to no significant ovarian tissue removal. | 25,191,026 | [
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Prevalence of abnormal spermatozoa in tobacco chewing sub-fertile males. | The aim of the following study is to find out the prevalence of abnormal spermatozoa and associated functional parameters in clinical semen samples of sub-fertile males with the tobacco chewing habit. Retrospective study was conducted at infertility unit of a tertiary health care center, in a period of 3 years. Semen of 642 males were analyzed; of them 194 men (30.2%) were tobacco chewers and they were grouped according to their intensity of chewing (<10 and ≥ 10 packets/day). Counts, motility, vitality, and morphology of sperms were analyzed. In tobacco chewers, 66% of subjects were oligozoospermic, 85% asthenozoospermic and 28% teratozoospermic. Sperm counts (odds ratio [OR] =2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-3.09), motility (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 2.05-4.9), and normal morphology (OR = 8.4; 95% CI: 4.9-14.6) were significantly affected (P = 0.001) in tobacco chewers than the non-chewing group. Further, in comparison to the intensity of tobacco chewing, patients with the intensive practice of using ≥10 packets/day had a significant effect on sperm morphology (P = 0.003, OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.41-5.08) only. Structural defects in head (P = 0.001) and cytoplasmic residues (P = 0.001) were found to be positively correlated with the intensive chewing, but no significant changes were found in anomalies in mid-piece and tail. The adverse impact of tobacco chewing on semen parameters was evident even with mild chewers, but with the intensive chewing practice, phenotypes of sperms, mainly defects in the head and cytoplasmic residue were severely affected. | 25,191,028 | [
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Recurrent hair loss resulting from generalized proximal trichorrhexis nodosa in a nigerian female. | Hair and scalp disorders commonly seen in the African female have been associated with hair care practices. Distal trichorrhexis nodosa (TN) has been commonly reported with various forms of trauma to the hair from hair grooming practices. We report the case of recurrent generalized hair loss resulting from proximal TN in a 28-year-old Nigerian female with atopy. The use of chemical relaxers precipitated each episode of hair loss. Generalized proximal TN has been reported in those of afro Caribbean descent. The acute nature and extent of the hair loss suggest there may be some underlying structural defect in such individuals. | 25,191,046 | [
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Immune thrombocytopenia in tuberculosis: causal or coincidental? | Immune thrombocytopenia is a relatively rare hematological manifestation in tuberculosis. We report two cases of immune thrombocytopemia, one in sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis and the other in miliary tuberculosis. Antituberculous drugs and immunosuppressive therapy corrected the thrombocytopenia in both patients. Our case reports stress that tuberculosis should be considered during the evaluation of immune thrombocytopenia, and also highlights the safety of immunosuppressive therapy during active tuberculosis along with antituberculous drugs. | 25,191,056 | [
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Amnion membrane for coverage of gingival recession: A novel application. | Amnion allograft has been used in the field of medicine for its exceptional wound-modulating properties. However, in the field of dentistry, only a limited number of reports have explored its potential in healing of oral wounds. Amnion allograft in conjunction with coronally advanced flap has been used in the management of gingival recession. A complete coverage along with excellent esthetics and an improvement in gingival biotype was observed at 6 months postoperatively. Because of its inherent wound-modulating properties, amnion allograft may be used to enhance periodontal wound healing and enable tissue regeneration such as that in the coverage of gingival recession. Amnion allograft may provide an alternative to other conventional methods of treating gingival recession. | 25,191,061 | [
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Effect of oral-transmucosal midazolam sedation on anxiety levels of 3-4 years old children during a Class II restorative procedure. | A double-blind randomized control trial was conducted to assess the effect of oral-transmucosal midazolam sedation on changes in anxiety levels of precooperative children during a Class II amalgam restorative procedure. A sample of 40 healthy, American Society of Anesthesiologists I, children aged 3-4 years having at least one carious primary mandibular molar requiring a Class II amalgam restoration with no previous dental history were randomly divided into experimental and control groups comprising of 20 children each. The children in the experimental group (Group I) received 0.5 mg/kg body weight of midazolam mixed in strawberry syrup and those in the control group (Group II) received the same syrup mixed in saline, 15 min prior to the restorative procedure. Routine nonpharmacological behavior management techniques were used in both groups. The anxiety levels were recorded using Venham's anxiety scale at the start and end of each procedural step. There was a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in the anxiety levels of children in the experimental group on entry into the operatory compared with the control group. Introduction of each fear evoking stimuli showed a somewhat similar increase in anxiety levels in the two groups. In spite of a similar trend, the anxiety levels remained much lower in Group I than in Group II. Midazolam in conjunction with behavior management is more helpful in relaxing the child initially than behavior management alone, thus increasing the chances of successful and easy accomplishment of further treatment steps. | 25,191,069 | [
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Clear cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland: A case of clinical dilemma. | Clear cell tumor in oral cavity constitutes an assorted group of lesions, which may be odontogenic, metastatic or of salivary gland origin. Those associated with salivary glands accounts for less than 1% of total cases mainly seen in the major salivary gland. Occurrence of clear cell carcinoma in minor salivary gland is rare and uncommon. Hence, this case of intraoral clear cell carcinoma associated with minor salivary gland of palate in a 57-year-old male patient is being reported. | 25,191,080 | [
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Development of (166)Holmium-1,2 Propylene Di-amino Tetra (Methy1enephosphonicacid) as a Possible Bone Palliation Agent. | (166)Holmium-1,2-propylene di-amino tetra (methy1enephosphonicacid) ((166) Ho-PDTMP) complex was prepared successfully using an in-house synthesized PDTMP ligand and (166) HoCl 3 . Ho-166 chloride was obtained by thermal neutron irradiation (1 × 10 (13) n/cm (2) /s) of natural Ho (NO 3 ) 3 samples (specific activity = 3-5 GBq/mg), dissolved in acidic media. Radiochemical purity of (166) Ho-PDTMP was checked by instant thin layer chromatography (>99%). Stability studies of the complex in the final preparation and in the presence of human serum were performed up to 72 h. The biodistribution of (166) Ho-PDTMP and (166) HoCl 3 in wild-type rats was checked in animal tissues up to 48 h. The produced (166) Ho-PDTMP properties suggest a possible new bone palliative therapeutic to overcome the metastatic bone pains. | 25,191,109 | [
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Nuclear scan strategy and outcomes in chest pain patients value of stress testing with dipyridamole or adenosine. | To update the prognostic value of scan strategy with pharmacological stress agent in chest pain (CP) patients presenting with normal electrocardiography (ECG) and troponin. Two consecutive nonrandomized series of patients with CP and negative first-line workup inclusive of serial ECG, serial troponin, and echocardiography underwent myocardial perfusion imaging single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the emergency department. Of 170 patients enrolled, 52 patients underwent dipyridamole-SPECT and 118 adenosine-SPECT. Patients with perfusion defects underwent angiography, whereas the remaining patients were discharged and followed-up. Primary endpoint was the composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina, revascularization, and cardiovascular death at follow-up or the presence of coronary stenosis > 50% at angiography. At multivariate analysis, the presence of perfusion defects or hypertension was independent predictor of the primary endpoint. Sensitivity and negative predictive value were higher in patients subjected to adenosine-SPECT (95% and 99%, respectively) versus dipyridamole-SPECT (56% and 89%; yield 70% and 11%, respectively; P < 0.03). Of note, sensitivity, negative, and positive predictive values were high in patients with hypertension (100%, 93%, and 60%, respectively) or nonischemic echocardiography alterations (100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively). In CP patients, presenting with normal ECG and troponin, adenosine-SPECT adds incremental prognostic values to dipyridamole-SPECT. Costly scan strategy is more appropriate and avoids unnecessary angiograms in patients with hypertension or nonischemic echocardiography alterations. | 25,191,123 | [
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(99m)Tc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography in characterization of dementia: an initial experience in Indian clinical practice. | There is a growing health burden in developing countries due to recent trends of increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. To reduce the healthcare cost and effective management of dementia illness, early diagnosis, accurate differentiation and their progression assessment is becoming crucially important. We are utilizing (99m)Tc-d, l-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to characterize dementia on the basis of perfusion patterns and observed significant improvement in their management. Eleven patients (median age of 60 years range of 53-83 years) with clinical suspicion of dementia underwent (99m)Tc-HMPAO brain perfusion SPECT. SPECT-computed tomography acquisition done, data are reconstructed, reviewed in three view and further processed in "neurogam" to get voxel based analysis and the comparison with age based normal database and surface mapping. Final diagnosis was done with clinical correlation. Four patients are diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease, two as frontotemporal dementia, one as dementia of Lewy bodies, two as vascular dementia and two as pseudodementia. All imaging findings are well-correlated with clinical background. Brain perfusion SPECT with HMPAO was very helpful to us in characterizing the patients of dementia by its perfusion pattern. | 25,191,127 | [
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Impact of the point spread function on maximum standardized uptake value measurements in patients with pulmonary cancer. | Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) from fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scans is a semi quantitative measure that is increasingly used in the clinical practice for diagnostic and therapeutic response assessment purposes. Technological advances such as the implementation of the point spread function (PSF) in the reconstruction algorithm have led to higher signal to noise ratio and increased spatial resolution. The impact on SUVmax measurements has not been studied in clinical setting. We studied the impact of PSF on SUVmax in 30 consecutive lung cancer patients. SUVmax values were measured on PET-computed tomography (CT) scans reconstructed iteratively with and without PSF (respectively high-definition [HD] and non-HD). HD SUVmax values were significantly higher than non-HD SUVmax. There was excellent correlation between HD and non-HD values. Details of reconstruction and PSF implementation in particular have important consequences on SUV values. Nuclear Medicine physicians and radiologists should be aware of the reconstruction parameters of PET-CT scans when they report or rely on SUV measurements. | 25,191,128 | [
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The incidence of burns among sex-trafficking victims in India. | Sex trafficking remains a flagrant violation of human rights, creating many public health concerns. During the initiation period, these victims experience acts of violence including gang rapes, subjecting them to traumatic injuries that include burns. Furthermore, lack of access to health care, particularly surgical, keeps them from receiving treatment for these functionally debilitating contractures caused by burns. This piece provides an overview of burns among sex-trafficked victims in India and the efforts by Cents of Relief to address the associated surgical burden of disease. | 25,191,142 | [
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Reconstruction of malunited diaphyseal fractures of the forearm. | The forearm is a complex anatomical and functional unit with unique osseous, soft tissue and articular relationships. Disruption of these important relations can have a significant impact, leading to pain, instability of the radio-ulnar articulation and reduced range of motion. The gold standard for treating forearm fractures in adults remains anatomic reduction, stable plate fixation and preservation of the surrounding blood supply. Failure to achieve these goals may lead to malunion, requiring reconstructive surgery, which can be technically challenging. In this review, we discuss the essential aspects of anatomy and pathomechanics, clinical and radiological assessment and the state of the art in pre-operative planning and deformity correction surgery. | 25,191,155 | [
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Does preoperative gabapentin affects the characteristics of post-dural puncture headache in parturients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia? | Gabapentin is effective for treating different types of headache including post-dural puncture headache (PDPH), also used for prophylaxis against migraine. We studied the effect of pre-operative administration of gabapentin on the characteristics of PDPH in parturients undergoing cesarean section (CS) under spinal anesthesia. Women undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomized to receive preoperative gabapentin 600 mg or placebo. Spinal anesthesia was achieved with 12.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 25 μg fentanyl. Babies were followed up by Apgar scores, umbilical artery blood gases, breastfeeding difficulties, and need for NICU admission. The mothers were followed up for any side-effects of gabapentin for 24 h. Patients with PDPH were re-admitted and onset and duration of the headache were reported and severity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) for 4 days from diagnosis. Paracetamol with caffeine and diclofenac were given for treatment, and the doses were adjusted according to VAS; also number of doses given for each group was recorded. Eighty eight patients were randomized, and 2 were excluded. The incidence of headache and co-existing symptoms were similar in both groups. The onset of headache was significantly delayed in gabapentin group (P < 0.05). Also, severity and duration of headache were significantly less in gabapentin group (P < 0.05). The incidence of sedation was more in gabapentin group 11 (26.19%) versus placebo group 3 (6.81%). Neonatal outcomes were statistically insignificant between both groups. Pre-operative administration of gabapentin has no effect on incidence of (PDPH) but delays its onset and reduces its severity and duration in parturients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia without significant adverse effects on the mother or the baby. | 25,191,187 | [
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A case of trigeminal hypersensitivity after administration of intrathecal sufentanil and bupivacaine for labor analgesia. | Rostral spread of intrathecal drugs and sensitization of supraspinal sites may provoke several adverse effects. This case describes a patient with right hemifacial paresthesia, trismus and dysphasia on the trigeminal nerve distribution after intrathecal sufentanil administration. Primigravida, 34 years, 39 weeks of pregnancy, with hypothyroidism and pregnancy induced hypertension. Allergic to latex. In the use of puran T4, 50 μg /day. When the patient presented cervical dilatation of 4 cm, she requested analgesia. She was placed in the sitting position and a spinal puncture was performed with a 27G needle pencil point in L4/L5 (1.5 mg of bupivacaine plus 7.5 μg of sufentanil). Next, was performed an epidural puncture in the same space. It was injected bupivacaine 0.065%, 10 ml, to facilitate the passage of the catheter. After 5 min lying down in the lateral upright position, she complained of perioral and right hemifacial paresthesia, mainly maxillary and periorbital, as well as trismus and difficulty to speak. The symptoms lasted for 30 min and resolved spontaneously. After 1 h, patient requested supplementary analgesia (12 ml of bupivacaine 0.125%) and a healthy baby girl was born. Temporary mental alterations have been described with the use of fentanyl and sufentanil in combined epidural-spinal analgesia, such as aphasia, difficulty of swallowing, mental confusion and even unconsciousness. In this patient, facial areas with paresthesia indicated by patient appear in clear association with the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve and the occurrence of trismus and dysphagia are in association with the mandibular motor branch. The exact mechanism of rostral spread is not known, but it is speculated that after spinal drug administration, a subsequent epidural dose may reduce the intratecal space and propel the drug into the supraspinal sites. | 25,191,194 | [
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Computational modeling predicts the ionic mechanism of late-onset responses in unipolar brush cells. | Unipolar Brush Cells (UBCs) have been suggested to play a critical role in cerebellar functioning, yet the corresponding cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. UBCs have recently been reported to generate, in addition to early-onset glutamate receptor-dependent synaptic responses, a late-onset response (LOR) composed of a slow depolarizing ramp followed by a spike burst (Locatelli et al., 2013). The LOR activates as a consequence of synaptic activity and involves an intracellular cascade modulating H- and TRP-current gating. In order to assess the LOR mechanisms, we have developed a UBC multi-compartmental model (including soma, dendrite, initial segment, and axon) incorporating biologically realistic representations of ionic currents and a cytoplasmic coupling mechanism regulating TRP and H channel gating. The model finely reproduced UBC responses to current injection, including a burst triggered by a low-threshold spike (LTS) sustained by CaLVA currents, a persistent discharge sustained by CaHVA currents, and a rebound burst following hyperpolarization sustained by H- and CaLVA-currents. Moreover, the model predicted that H- and TRP-current regulation was necessary and sufficient to generate the LOR and its dependence on the intensity and duration of mossy fiber activity. Therefore, the model showed that, using a basic set of ionic channels, UBCs generate a rich repertoire of bursts, which could effectively implement tunable delay-lines in the local microcircuit. | 25,191,224 | [
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Articulated coordination of the right arm underlies control of bow parameters and quick bow reversals in skilled cello bowing. | Stringed instrument bowing is a complex coordinative motor skill acquired though years of intense practice. We apply a novel "freezing" analysis to investigate how movement at different joints contributes to bow transport (movement amplitude), stabilization of bow parameters (angle, velocity) during bow movements, and quick reversals of bow direction (acceleration amplitude). Participants were ten advanced or professional cellists (19-32 years, at least 10 years of practice) and ten age-matched novice players. Arm and bow movements were recorded using 3D motion capture. To assess how performance depends on articulated use of the right arm, actual data were compared to surrogate data, generated by artificially removing movement at ("freezing") individual joints in measured arm movements. This analysis showed that both elbow and shoulder significantly contribute to bow transport in experts, while only the shoulder contributed to bow transport in novices. Moreover, experts showed more strongly increased variability of bow parameters and reduced acceleration amplitudes at bow reversals for surrogate compared to actual movement data. This indicates that movement across joints was organized to reduce bow variability and achieve quick bow reversals. Corresponding effects were less pronounced or absent in the novices, in particular for the wrist and elbow. Our results demonstrate the importance of articulated use of the right arm and clarify the contribution of different joints in experts' bowing performance. Moreover, they support theories of motor control and learning that propose exploitation of biomechanical degrees of freedom, in particular of distal joints, as a critical component in skilled motor performance. | 25,191,284 | [
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Psychological time as information: the case of boredom. | The flow of time is experienced by humans although the exact nature of time is not well understood. The importance of time in humans' life is not in dispute and is reflected by several dimensions like duration, which is best representing the naïve meaning of time. Psychological time serves several important functions which are essential for being able to act and survive in a dynamic environment. In the present paper we argue that psychological time in the form of sensing the pace of the flow of time provides important information to the executive system which control and monitor behavior. When information processing load is below an optimal level for a specific Individual a feeling of boredom is raised. Boredom is accompanied by a slowing of the felt pace of the flow of time. Boredom is a unique mental state which is linked with decreasing efficiency in cognitive and perceptual performance and is correlated with low job satisfaction and general well-being. As such, boredom poses a threat to normal functioning. We suggest that the felt slowing in the flow of time is a signal which, similarly to pain, is aimed at alerting the executive system that resources should be recruited in order to cope with the hazardous state. | 25,191,296 | [
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Role of auxin during intercellular infection of Discaria trinervis by Frankia. | Nitrogen-fixing nodules induced by Frankia in the actinorhizal plant Discaria trinervis result from a primitive intercellular root invasion pathway that does not involve root hair deformation and infection threads. Here, we analyzed the role of auxin in this intercellular infection pathway at the molecular level and compared it with our previous work in the intracellular infected actinorhizal plant Casuarina glauca. Immunolocalisation experiments showed that auxin accumulated in Frankia-infected cells in both systems. We then characterized the expression of auxin transporters in D. trinervis nodules. No activation of the heterologous CgAUX1 promoter was detected in infected cells in D. trinervis. These results were confirmed with the endogenous D. trinervis gene, DtAUX1. However, DtAUX1 was expressed in the nodule meristem. Consistently, transgenic D. trinervis plants containing the auxin response marker DR5:VENUS showed expression of the reporter gene in the meristem. Immunolocalisation experiments using an antibody against the auxin efflux carrier PIN1, revealed the presence of this transporter in the plasma membrane of infected cells. Finally, we used in silico cellular models to analyse auxin fluxes in D. trinervis nodules. Our results point to the existence of divergent roles of auxin in intercellularly- and intracellularly-infected actinorhizal plants, an ancestral infection pathways leading to root nodule symbioses. | 25,191,330 | [
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Mechanosensitive channel candidate MCA2 is involved in touch-induced root responses in Arabidopsis. | The Ca(2+)-permeable mechanosensitive (MS) channel is a mechanical stress sensor. We previously reported that Arabidopsis MCA1 and its paralog MCA2 functioned individually as Ca(2+)-permeable MS channels. In the present study, we showed that the primary roots of the mca2-null mutant behaved abnormally on the surface of hard medium. First, primary roots are known to exhibit a skewing growth pattern on the surface of vertically placed agar medium. On such surface, the primary roots of mca2-null skewed more than those of the wild type. Second, when seedlings were grown on a tilted agar surface, the primary root of mca2-null showed abnormal waving patterns. Third, wild-type seedlings eventually died when grown on horizontally placed 3.2% gelrite medium, which was too hard to allow the primary roots of the wild type to penetrate, because their primary roots sprang from the surface of the medium and may have been unable to absorb water and nutrients. In contrast, the primary roots of mca2-null, but not those of mca1-null, were able to creep over the surface of the medium and grow. Fourth, when grown on the surface of 3.2% agar medium supplemented with 30 mM CaCl2, only mca2-null grew with a root that coiled in a clockwise direction. Lastly, on the surface of vertically placed rectangular plates that allowed primary roots to grow vertically down to the frame of the plate, wild-type primary roots grew horizontally after touching the frame at an angle of 90(∘). During the horizontal growth, only the extreme root tips maintained contact with the frame. In contrast, the primary roots of mca2-null allowed not only the extreme root tips, but also the meristem and elongation zones to maintain contact with the frame during horizontal growth. These results suggest that MCA2 is involved in touch-related root responses. | 25,191,336 | [
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Left atrial extension of lung carcinoma simulating myocardial infarction, unusual presentation: case report and literature review. | Lung malignancy invading the left atrium is rarely seen. We present a patient with a fast growing symptomatic lung mass. Electrocardiogram showed persistent coving ST elevation with no biomarker change. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a large left atrial mass attached to the free walls and extended into its appendage. An apparent continuity with a large lung mass compressing left ventricular lateral wall was observed which was better evident in computed tomography of the chest. | 25,191,365 | [
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Effects of aerobic exercise on lung function in overweight and obese students. | In healthy teenagers, obesity and physical inactivity are the two main factors that affect respiratory function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise training on improving lung function in overweight and obese students. Thirty overweight or obese subjects with poor endurance performance and mild deterioration of respiratory indices (forced expiratory volume and forced expiratory volume in 1 second < 90% predicted) were randomly assigned into control (age: 16.6±0.83 years, height: 167±5.05 cm, weight: 80.44±7.65 kg) and intervention groups (age: 16.5±0.83 years, height: 166±6.7 cm, weight: 79.62±9.33 kg). The intervention group preformed 24 weeks of continuous treadmill running (3 days a week). Respiratory indices were measured pre, mid and post exercise. Independent t test, paired t test, Pearson's correlation test and repeated measure were used for analyzing the data. In the intervention group, post exercise respiratory indices were significantly higher than the pre exercise values, and did not reach the predicted values. No significant differences were found in pre, mid and post exercise respiratory indices in the control group. In the intervention group, improvements in respiratory indices were positively correlated with maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) improvement but not with BMI reduction. No significant differences were detected between the 2 groups in terms of pre, mid and post exercise measures of BMI, weight, height, and respiratory indices. In overweight and obese teenagers, appropriate aerobic exercise training can partly improve lung function by strengthening the muscles of respiration. However, in order to achieve the predicted values of lung function, a further increase in activity duration and decrease in BMI is necessary. | 25,191,372 | [
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Efficacy of telephone quit-line for smokers in iran: 12 months follow up results. | Smoking cessation is an effective intervention for cancer prevention. For some reasons many smokers cannot attend quit programs and they prefer to have a consultation over the phone. In this study we share our experience regarding setting up a quit-line for smoking cessation for the first time in Iran. Two general practitioners were trained to give consultation over the phone via quit line in Tehran. The quit program consisted of 4 sessions with 1 week interval. Our telephone counseling was both reactive and proactive from 8 AM till 5 PM during the years 2005 - 2008. In reactive counseling, the smoker initiates the call and speaks with a counselor about his/her current concerns. In proactive counseling, the counselor calls the smoker and provides counseling in a systematic manner. Smoking status was determined based on smokers' self-report and regular follow-ups were conducted after quitting. Some cases were randomly selected for CO respiratory test in order to confirm their abstinence. A total of 480 cases entered the cessation program out of which, 80% were males. The mean age was 38.5±7.9 years, 72.7% of participants were married, 75.2% of subjects were educated and 51.3% of cases had high nicotine dependence. A total of 332 cases received a brief advice on quitting, 148 people continued their active participation to complete the course and 122 cases (82.4%) quitted smoking. The sustained abstinence rate after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months was 59%, 41%, 31% and 18%; respectively. This method is an appropriate and accessible method which can be suggested to smokers during smoking cessation counseling. | 25,191,375 | [
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Production and Purification of Mycolyl Transferase B of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | Antigen 85 complex of Mycobacterium tuberculosis includes three immunogenic proteins which are TB vaccine candidates of great importance. As they are very hard to be achieved in natural form, recombinant production of them fuels immunological experiments. Production of such apolar mycobacterial proteins located in the cell wall faces substantial challenges mainly regarding their solubility. This study reports the production of soluble recombinant Ag85B with an efficient yield. Ag85B gene was cloned in pJET1.2 and subsequently in pET32a (+). Both recombinant plasmids were sequenced. Expression of the recombinant protein was induced with 1mM IPTG. Recombinant Ag85B was purified through dissolving inclusions in 8M urea buffer, absorbing to Ni-NTA resins, washing by buffers with decreasing urea concentrations and finally eluted in imidazole. Western blot analysis was performed using anti-6His tag antibody, rabbit anti- M. tuberculosis polyclonal antibody and serum of hospitalized TB patients. Ag85B gene was successfully cloned in both plasmid vectors. The recombinant Ag85B was expressed in E. coli host and purified with significant yield. Western blot results along with those of sequencing ensured accurate production of recombinant Ag85B and retaining of its antigenic structure. | 25,191,384 | [
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Silicosis among Stone- Cutter Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study. | Production process of most factory-made products is harmful to our health and environment. Silica is the most important stone used in stone cutting factories. Numerous researches have reported respiratory diseases due to the inhalation of these particles in various occupations. Silicosis is a disease with typical radiographic pattern caused as the result of inhalation of silica particles. According to the intensity of exposures and onset of initiation of clinical symptoms silicosis is classified into three groups of acute, chronic and accelerated forms. The present study evaluated silicosis among stone cutter workers. This cross sectional study was performed on stone cutter workers in Malayer city (Azandarian) between 2008 and 2009. Respiratory data of our study participants were collected with a respiratory questionnaire and performing spirometry tests and chest radiography. Among our participants, 16 silicosis cases were diagnosed by radiographic changes. Among them, 10 workers had exposure for more than three years and 6 workers were smokers. Eleven workers had an abnormal radiographic pattern on their chest x-rays. Seven workers had obstructive and 4 workers had restrictive spirometric patterns. Prevalence of silicosis was high among our understudy workers and preventive strategies are required to control it. | 25,191,413 | [
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Systemic Al amyloidosis of the tracheobronchial tract and lungs: a rare finding. | A 67- year old man presented with cough, weight loss and night sweats. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy did not show any abnormality. Chest computed tomography scan revealed peribronchovascular thickening, sheathing and narrowing of some bronchi. There were also mediastinal and interbronchial Lymphadenopathies. The patient became lost to follow-up. He presented 5 years later with pneumonia. Flexible bronchoscopy showed diffuse infiltration of the bronchi suggesting lung cancer. Histopathological study with histochemical staining revealed tracheobronchial tract AL amyloidosis. Chest CT-scan revealed extension of the broncho-vascular thickening and superimposed pulmonary calcified nodules and lymphadenopathies. Labial biopsy revealed AL amyloidosis. No specific treatment of amyloidosis was thought to be necessary for the patient. At 6 years follow-up the disease had not progressed. This case report highlights the fact that even very rarely, systemic AL amyloidosis can involve the tracheobronchial tract. Moreover, the lungs and the tracheobronchial tract can, although rarely, be affected in the same patient. | 25,191,415 | [
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A proposed grading system for post-intubation tracheal stenosis. | Tracheal stenosis is still a serious consequence of endotracheal intubation. Previous classification systems are commonly descriptive and are not intended to deal with management approach. The aim of this study was to present a classification system for post intubation tracheal stenosis and evaluate its efficacy in distinguishing critically ill patients who need surgical intervention. This classification system was developed based on size and type of stenosis and associated clinical signs and symptoms. Stenosis was graded based on the results of clinical examination and rigid bronchoscopy. All patients received surgical or conservative treatment based on the judgment of a surgeon experienced in management of post-intubation tracheal stenosis without considering their score. ROC curve analysis was done and cut-off point was established based on the greatest Youden index. Sixty patients were studied. Resection and anastomosis were done for 49 patients. The mean score for all samples was 9.18 (range 8.77-9.45). Chosen cutoff point was 8.5 and calculated sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 42%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 83.7% and 54.5%, respectively. A reasonable agreement between the estimated score and surgeon's clinical judgment (kappa = 0.78) was observed. A statistically significant relationship was observed between scores greater than 8.5 and need for surgical intervention (P= 0.007). We presented a scoring system for post-intubation and tracheostomy tracheal stenosis using main factors influencing diagnosis and treatment and its efficacy was evaluated prospectively. It seems that this system would be capable of assimilating the treatment interventions and comparing them. | 25,191,422 | [
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Malignant large cell calcifying sertoli cell tumor of testis with skip metastasis to lung presented with peutz-jeghers syndrome. | Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor of the testis (LCCSCT) is a rare tumor that is usually benign and multifocal. It may be associated with hereditary endocrine anomalies such as Carney's and Peutz-Jeghers syndromes. It is a rare histological variant of sex cord stromal tumors. It is exceptional in elderly men and the outcome is rarely fatal. We report a case of LCCSCT in a 44 year-old man with fatal outcome. The tumor involved the right testis and several areas of the tunica albuginea were grossly invaded. It composed of cords and trabeculae of large polygonal cells embedded in a myxoid and fibrous stroma with areas of calcification along with nuclear atypia, necrosis, and abundant mitoses. The Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is known to be commonly associated with ovarian tumors. However, its association with testicular tumors is uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, this is the eight such case being reported in the literature. Our case, to our knowledge, is the only other reported case of malignant large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor with clinical and histopathological features related to aggressiveness, such as large tumor size, cellular pleomorphism, high mitotic rate, necrosis and aneuploid deoxyribonucleic acid. Such characteristics are not found in benign large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors. | 25,191,441 | [
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Effects of High-Flux versus Low-Flux Membranes on Pulmonary Function Tests in Hemodialysis Patients. | Several studies have been carried out to evaluate the effects of dialysis on pulmonary function tests (PFT). Dialysis procedure may reduce lung volumes and capacities or cause hypoxia; however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no previous study evaluating the effects of membrane type (high flux vs. low flux) on PFT in these patients. The aim of this study was the evaluation of this relationship. In this cross-sectional study, 43 hemodialysis patients without pulmonary disease were enrolled. In these patients dialysis was conducted by low-and high-flux membranes and before and after the procedure, spirometry was done and the results were evaluated by t-test and chi square test. The mean age of patients was 56.34 years. Twenty-three of them were female (53.5%). Type of membrane (high flux vs. low flux) had no effect on spirometry results of patients despite the significant decrease in the body weight during the dialysis session. High flux membrane had no advantage over low flux membrane in terms of improvement in spirometry findings; thus, we could not offer these expensive membranes for this purpose. | 25,191,447 | [
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Correlation between Silica Exposure and Risk of Tuberculosis in Lorestan Province of Iran. | Tuberculosis is considered a prevalent and hazardous disease in developing countries. Recognition and control of TB risk factors are of special significance. This study sought to determine the frequency of occupational silica exposure in TB patients residing in Lorestan Province. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012. List of registered TB patients was obtained from the Infectious Disease Control Center of Lorestan Province. Data were collected from 871 TB patients through interview and filling out a checklist. Also, 429 subjects presenting to Health Centers of Lorestan Province with respiratory complaints suspicious of TB (which was ruled out) were entered the study as the control group for comparison of frequency of silica occupational exposure. Understudy subjects based on the degree of silica exposure were categorized into 4 groups of no exposure, mild exposure, moderate exposure and severe exposure and compared in terms of frequency of TB incidence. Frequency of silica exposure was significantly higher in TB patients compared to controls (P < 0.001, OR: 3.39, 95%CI = 2.63-4.36). Additionally, frequency of TB was greater in patients with probable silicosis and silica exposed subjects compared to those with no history of silica exposure (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between moderate and severe silica exposure and TB frequency. Significant correlations were also detected between age, work experience, level of education, male gender and cigarette smoking with TB frequency (P < 0.05). The study results revealed that silica exposure was prevalent among TB patients and frequency of TB increased by increased intensity of silica exposure, older age, higher work experience, lower level of education, male gender and cigarette smoking. Provided that our study results are confirmed by prospective studies, TB screening is recommended for workers with occupational silica exposure particularly those with higher work experience. | 25,191,460 | [
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Risk factors of unplanned extubation in pediatric intensive care unit. | Unplanned extubation (UE) is an unprecedented happening in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU); which may lead to severe complications in patients. The risk factors of UE have been discussed but much details are still required in this regard. This study aimed to evaluate predisposing and risk factors of unplanned extubation in PICU. Patients intubated in PICU who had UE were compared to a control group without UE in a retrospective study. Fifty-nine patients with UE matched with 180 controls were enrolled. Factors including age, gender, use of cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT), duration of intubation, patient agitation, and ETT fixation method were analyzed. A total of 59 UEs occurred in 239 intubated patients in a total of 1631 intubated patient-day. This represents UE incidence rate of 1.95% per patientday and 3.6% per intubated patient-day. In multivariate analysis, risk factors for UE included age younger than 2 years (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.13-3.61, P = 0.001), male gender (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.35-4.23, P = 0.005), agitation (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.54-5.36, P = 0.001), high saliva secretion (OR: 4.42, 95% CI: 2.35-5.45, P = 0.007), and duration of intubation (OR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.22-2.58, P = 0.01). Unplanned extubation can be a catastrophic incident if enough attention is not paid to the patients at risk in PICU. These risk factors are age younger than 2, male gender, agitation, high salivary secretion and duration of intubation. | 25,191,468 | [
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Chest high resolution computed tomography findings in connective tissue diseases. | Lung disorders are important for prognosis of connective tissue disease (CTD). Thus, chest radiography, High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) of the chest and ultrasonic echocardiogram are suggested after the diagnosis of these conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate chest HRCT findings in patients with CTD. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we evaluated HRCT findings in patients with (CTD) hospitalized in Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad from 2006 - 2011. Patients' age, sex, type of rheumatic disease and HRCT results were collected and analyzed by SPSS version 16.0 software. Out of 75 patients (78.67% females, 21.33% males with a mean age of 41.6 years), 56% had respiratory symptoms. Scleroderma was the most common disease (38.6%) followed by rheumatoid arthritis (26.6%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (14.6%). Interstitial tissue involvement of the lung was the most frequent finding in patients with scleroderma, dermatomyositis, polymyositis and Sjogren's syndrome (48.3%, 57.1%, 60% and 66.7%, respectively). Pleural thickening was the most common finding in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (45%). Pleural effusion was the most frequent finding in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (45.4%). Lymphadenopathy and bronchiectasis had the lowest prevalence (1.3%). Our data shows that interstitial tissue involvement, pleural thickening and pleural effusion are common in patients with rheumatic diseases which is consistent with some previous studies. | 25,191,473 | [
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Seasonality and temporal variations of tuberculosis in the north of iran. | Determining the temporal variations and seasonal pattern of diseases and forecasting their incidence can help in promoting disease control and management programs. This study was performed to determine the seasonal variation of tuberculosis and forecast its incidence until the year 2015 in one of the northern provinces of Iran. A longitudinal time series study was conducted. The study interval was from March 2001 to March 2011. The sum of daily registered cases in each month created 132 time points. The Box-Jenkins methods were used for determining the model. The best model was selected by analyzing the residuals and calculating the AIC and BIC. A total of 3,313 patients were diagnosed and recorded during this time. The highest number of cases was registered in May and the difference in monthly incidence of tuberculosis was significant (P=0.007). The incidence of tuberculosis was higher in spring and summer than winter (P=0.04). According to the best model which was SARIMA (0, 1, 1)(0, 1, 1)12 , the average incidence of tuberculosis in 2015 is estimated to be 12 in 100,000 persons per year. The results of this study showed that in the north of Iran the incidence of tuberculosis has a cyclic pattern and the maximum incidence is in spring (May). Also, the trend of tuberculosis incidence is increasing and needs attention. | 25,191,482 | [
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Media mix for awareness and health promotion in lung cancer patients. | Lung cancer is the most common cause of death due to malignancy. The media as a source of information about cancer especially lung cancer could make substantial contribution to help physicians and patients in terms of prevention, treatment and follow up. This study aimed to obtain in depth understanding of the role of media in the context of clinical knowledge and recognize its effect on behavior of patients. Using lung cancer patients' records admitted to Masih Daneshvari Hospital, we conducted a structured interview with them via telephone to collect information. The transcript of interviews was prepared. The transcript was then coded and analyzed using MaxQDA based on "theme method". Due to the structured basis of the study, the primary frameworks were considered as conceptual categories in coding. The majority of lung cancer patients did not receive any information before the awareness about their disease unless having a family with a history of cancer. Following awareness of disease, they mostly received their information from physicians. In spite of the large amount of medical information available in the media, insufficient use of media by cancer patients indicated the absence of appropriate communication between the media and patients. Television was the mass media commonly used by patients and as a result of no access to Internet and medical books as well as lack of proficiency in English language they were deprived of specialized resources of information. Mass media should focus on raising awareness about prevention and treatment of lung cancer. This study can be a preliminary step in health communication research and may be used by researchers in terms of methodology and vision. | 25,191,483 | [
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Upper third to lower third width ratio on chest x-ray may predict severity of obstruction in obstructive lung disease. | The symptoms and functional limitations due to obstructive lung disease (OLD) are the direct results of airway and lung parenchymal destruction. In these conditions, airflow obstruction leads to increased work of breathing, and gas exchange abnormalities. Hyperinflation, which is inferred from a standard chest radiograph (CXR), may imply increased total lung capacity that can be seen in patients with OLD. Based on experimental observations in OLD patients, we proposed that upper third width in posterioranterior (PA) CXR could be used as a rapid screening method for suggestion of OLD. In this cross-sectional study, 99 patients admitted to the Respiratory Ward of Razi Medical Center, a teaching referral hospital affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS), were entered in the study. The inclusion criteria were any FEV1 with FEV1/FVC <70% or FEV1/FVC>70% with MMEF 75/25 <65%. All cases with diagnostic possibilities other than OLD were excluded. The PA and lateral CXR were performed and 13 measurements - including previous well-known measurements and our proposed new ones- were made by an ordinary ruler on the films. There was no significant correlation between the upper third width and superior/inferior (sup/inf) ratio with spirometric indices in patients. When considering only patients with FEV1/FVC <70%, middle third proportion width had a significant correlation with FEV1/FVC. In subgroup analysis when considering sup/inf ratio > 0.8, superior and inferior third widths were correlated with FEV1/FVC and when considering sup/inf ratio > 0.9, sup/inf ratio was significantly correlated with FEV1/FVC and FEV1. The sup/inf ratio >0.9 in PA CXR, may be a predictor of obstructive pattern in OLD patients. For better correlation determination, larger and more extensive studies are needed. | 25,191,489 | [
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Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and estrogen receptor status in respect to tumor characteristics in non-metastatic breast cancer. | The expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) and cell surface receptor, Tyrosine Kinase Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER 2), have emerged as the most important molecular biomarkers determining the breast cancer prognosis. In this study, interactions between ER and HER2 were assessed to determine if they modulate tumor characteristics. Tissue samples from 120 patients with early stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were reviewed to evaluate ER and HER2 status quantified by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the correlation of ER and HER2 with patient characteristics and tumor pathology was studied. A total of 37(30.8%) and 80(66.6%) out of 120 samples were HER2 (3+ by immunohistochemistry or positive by fluorescent in situ hybridization) and ER positive (by immunohistochemistry), respectively. ER-negative tumors were significantly more likely to be HER-2 positive than were ER-positive tumors (21.25%; odds ratio, 0.270; 95% CI, 0.119 to 0.612; P = 0.002). ER positivity was associated with <2 cm tumor size and higher histological grade (P = 0.007 and 0.019, respectively). No significant correlation was seen between the co-expression of HER2 and ER and tumor characteristics. HER2 positive tumors were less common compared to ER positive tumors in early stage breast cancer Iranian patients. Also, higher histological grade among ER negative tumors showed higher aggressiveness of the tumor. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effect of receptor status on prognosis. | 25,191,491 | [
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Prescription patterns for patients with schizophrenia in Korea: a focus on antipsychotic polypharmacy. | This study investigated the prescription patterns for Korean patients with schizophrenia with a particular focus on antipsychotic polypharmacy. All data were gathered from patients presenting at 41 tertiary university hospitals and 8 secondary hospitals. Data from three multicenter studies conducted in Korea were retrospectively reviewed and integrated to identify patients with schizophrenia who had their antipsychotic medication switched to paliperidone extended-release between 2008 and 2009. The rates for antipsychotic polypharmacy, combined use of different antipsychotic classes with a special focus on atypical antipsychotics, and psychotropic polypharmacy using benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers, and other relevant drugs were identified. Of the 851 Korean patients analyzed in this study, 20.4% (n=173) had been prescribed antipsychotic polypharmacy. Of the 678 patients receiving antipsychotic monotherapy, 6.9% (n=47) were prescribed a typical antipsychotic and 93.1% (n=631) were prescribed an atypical antipsychotic. Of the 173 patients receiving a combination of antipsychotic drugs, only 6.4% (n=11) had been prescribed polypharmacy with typical antipsychotics, while 46.82% (n=81) were prescribed atypical+atypical antipsychotics or typical+atypical antipsychotics. The highest co-prescription rates for other psychotropic drugs in conjunction with antipsychotics included benzodiazepines (30.3%), anticholinergic drugs (28.8%), antidepressants (13.3%), β-blockers (10.1%), and mood stabilizers (8.7%). The present findings demonstrate that the rate of antipsychotic polypharmacy is relatively low in Korea and that Korean clinicians prefer to prescribe atypical, rather than typical, antipsychotic drugs. This suggests that there is a distinct prescription pattern in Korea that is focused on antipsychotic polypharmacy. | 25,191,503 | [
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Smurf2 E3 ubiquitin ligase modulates proliferation and invasiveness of breast cancer cells in a CNKSR2 dependent manner. | Smurf2 is a member of the HECT family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that play important roles in determining the competence of cells to respond to TGF- β/BMP signaling pathway. However, besides TGF-β/BMP pathway, Smurf2 regulates a repertoire of other signaling pathways ranging from planar cell polarity during embryonic development to cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and senescence. Expression of Smurf2 is found to be dysregulated in many cancers including breast cancer. The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of Smurf2 knockdown on the tumorigenic potential of human breast cancer cells emphasizing more on proliferative signaling pathway. siRNAs targeting different regions of the Smurf2 mRNA were employed to knockdown the expression of Smurf2. The biological effects of synthetic siRNAs on human breast cancer cells were investigated by examining the cell proliferation, migration, invasion, focus formation, anchorage-independent growth, cell cycle arrest, and cell cycle and cell proliferation related protein expressions upon Smurf2 silencing. Smurf2 silencing in human breast cancer cells resulted in a decreased focus formation potential and clonogenicity as well as in vitro cell migration/invasion capabilities. Moreover, knockdown of Smurf2 suppressed cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis showed that the anti-proliferative effect of Smurf2 siRNA was mediated by arresting cells in the G0/G1 phase, which was caused by decreased expression of cyclin D1and cdk4, followed by upregulation p21 and p27. Furthermore, we demonstrated that silencing of Smurf2 downregulated the proliferation of breast cancer cells by modulating the PI3K- PTEN-AKT-FoxO3a pathway via the scaffold protein CNKSR2 which is involved in RAS-dependent signaling pathways. The present study provides the first evidence that silencing Smurf2 using synthetic siRNAs can regulate the tumorigenic properties of human breast cancer cells in a CNKSR2 dependent manner. Our results therefore suggest a novel relation between Smurf2 and CNKSR2 thereby regulating AKT-dependent cell proliferation and invasion. Owing to the fact that PI3K-AKT signaling is hyperactivated in various human cancers and that Smurf2 also regulates cellular transformation, our results indicate that Smurf2 may serve as a potential molecule for targeted cancer therapy of certain tumour types including breast cancer. | 25,191,523 | [
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Neuroprotective effect of resveratrol in diabetic cerebral ischemic-reperfused rats through regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic events. | Diabetes and cerebral ischemic-reperfusion are among the most common causes of neurological complications in Egypt. The prevalence of diabetes in Egypt is high and it can be considered as a major clinical and public health problem. Blood glucose, lipid profile, oxidative stress makers (cerebral MDA & GSH), cerebral interleukin-4 (IL-4) level and cerebral cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression were measured in male albino rats weighing 200 ± 20 g. The rats were divided into five groups, normal control group, diabetic group (diabetes was induced by single dose of streptozotocin [STZ]), diabetic cerebral ischemic-reperfused group, two treated groups (diabetic and diabetic ischemic-reperfused), both groups treated with resveratrol. Histological study was done using H&E, AgNOR and cresyl violet stains. Immunohistochemistry for Bax and COX-2 was done with morphometric study. Diabetic and diabetic cerebral ischemic- reperfused rats showed significant increase in serum glucose level, serum TAG, serum LDL-C, atherogenic index, cerebral MDA and upregulation of COX-2 gene expression. These groups showed significant decrease in serum HDL, cerebral IL-4 and depletion of cerebral GSH when compared to normal control rats. Treating these groups with resveratrol resulted in significant decrease in serum glucose level, serum TAG, TC, serum LDL-C, atherogenic index, cerebral MDA and downregulation of COX-2 gene expression. The results of COX-2 gene expression were confirmed by COX-2 immunohistochemistry. Also, significant increase in serum HDL, cerebral IL-4 and cerebral GSH contents could be observed in these treated groups as compared to normal control group. Cerebral apoptotic index and optical density of Bax reaction revealed significant increase in diabetic and diabetic cerebral ischemic-reperfused rats while treatment of these groups with resveratrol resulted in significant decrease in cerebral apoptotic index and optical density of Bax reaction. These apoptotic results were confirmed with AgNOR and cresyl violet stains. The results of this research suggest that upregulation of cerebral COX-2 gene along with the decrease in cerebral IL-4 and enhanced cerebral apoptosis is critically involved in cerebral damage associated with diabetes and cerebral ischemic-reperfusion. Resveratrol can ameliorate these effects and has promising neuroprotective effect in diabetic-induced cerebral complications. | 25,191,525 | [
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Iatrogenic hemobilia in 10-year-old boy. | Hemobilia in children is a rare phenomenon which has been described mostly in the context of traumas. The descriptions of massive hemobilia in children after liver biopsy are a rarity in the scientific literature because there are only a few examples of it. Hemobilia rarely develops spontaneously. Generally, this is a complication after a blunt abdominal trauma or after medical (especially surgical) procedures. Correct diagnosis and treatment of hemobilia are essential, especially in the case of patients with severe - sometimes life-threatening - haemorrhage from biliary ducts. It should be remembered that the symptoms of hemobilia do not necessarily occur immediately after surgery or trauma. In some cases hemobilia occurs after a changeable, asymptomatic period of time. We would like to present a case of a severe form of hemobilia caused by arterio-biliary fistula which developed incidentally after liver biopsy in a 10-year-old boy with chronic hepatitis B. Symptoms of hemobilia appeared on the seventh day after the diagnostic biopsy when the patient's general condition began to deteriorate. The diagnosis of arterio-biliary fistula was established after angio-CT examination of the liver. A selective embolization of the right hepatic artery was carried out. Hemobilia in children is a rare phenomenon which has been described mostly in the context of traumas. The cases of massive hemobilia in children after liver biopsy are a rarity in the scientific literature because there are only a few examples of it. Hemobilia very rarely develops spontaneously. Generally, this is a complication after a blunt abdominal trauma or after medical (especially surgical) procedures. Correct diagnosis and treatment of hemobilia are essential, especially in the case of patients with severe - sometimes life-threatening - haemorrhage from biliary ducts. It should be remembered that the symptoms of hemobilia do not necessarily occur immediately after surgery or trauma. In some cases hemobilia occurs after a changeable, asymptomatic period of time. | 25,191,530 | [
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A Consensus-Based Grouping Algorithm for Multi-agent Cooperative Task Allocation with Complex Requirements. | This paper looks at consensus algorithms for agent cooperation with unmanned aerial vehicles. The foundation is the consensus-based bundle algorithm, which is extended to allow multi-agent tasks requiring agents to cooperate in completing individual tasks. Inspiration is taken from the cognitive behaviours of eusocial animals for cooperation and improved assignments. Using the behaviours observed in bees and ants inspires decentralised algorithms for groups of agents to adapt to changing task demand. Further extensions are provided to improve task complexity handling by the agents with added equipment requirements and task dependencies. We address the problems of handling these challenges and improve the efficiency of the algorithm for these requirements, whilst decreasing the communication cost with a new data structure. The proposed algorithm converges to a conflict-free, feasible solution of which previous algorithms are unable to account for. Furthermore, the algorithm takes into account heterogeneous agents, deadlocking and a method to store assignments for a dynamical environment. Simulation results demonstrate reduced data usage and communication time to come to a consensus on multi-agent tasks. | 25,191,527 | [
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Rectifying rectifier channels in Huntington disease. | Neuronal abnormalities in neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington disease, Alzheimer disease or Parkinson disease have been the primary focus of decades of research. However, increasing evidences indicate that glial cells and more specifically astrocytes could be as important players as their big brother. It is now particularly evident in Huntington disease where astrocytal potassium channels have emerged as a likely key factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. | 25,191,533 | [
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Delayed Reward Discounting and Alcohol Misuse: The Roles of Response Consistency and Reward Magnitude. | Delayed reward discounting (DRD) is a common index of impulsivity that refers to an individual's devaluation of rewards based on delay of receipt and has been linked to alcohol misuse and other maladaptive behaviors. The current study investigated response consistency and reward magnitude effects in two measures of DRD in a sample of 111 undergraduates who consumed an average of 10.7 drinks/week. These variables were also examined in relation to alcohol use and misuse. Results indicated highly consistent performance on both measures of DRD, although significant differences were evident based on task parameters. There was also clear evidence of a magnitude effect on DRD. Finally, a number of significant associations between DRD and both alcohol use and misuse were found. These findings suggest that individuals possess a relatively consistent cognitive template for DRD choice preferences, but that the template systematically varies by both reward magnitude and delay length. | 25,191,534 | [
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Effect of chromosome substitution on intrinsic exercise capacity in mice. | Previous research identified a locus on Chromosome 14 as an important regulator of endurance exercise capacity in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chromosome substitution on intrinsic exercise capacity and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with exercise capacity in mice. Mice from a chromosome substitution strain (CSS) derived from A/J and C57Bl/6J (B6), denoted as B6.A14, were used to assess the contribution of Chromosome 14 to intrinsic exercise capacity. All mice performed a graded exercise test to exhaustion to determine exercise capacity expressed as time (min) or work (kg·m). Exercise time and work were significantly greater in B6 mice than B6.A14 and A/J mice, indicating the presence of a QTL on Chromosome 14 for exercise capacity. To localize exercise-related QTL, 155 B6.A14 x B6 F 2 mice were generated for linkage analysis. Suggestive QTL for exercise time (57 cM, 1.75 LOD) and work (57 cM, 2.08 LOD) were identified in the entire B6.A14 x B6 F 2 cohort. To identify putative sex-specific QTL, male and female F 2 cohorts were analyzed separately. In males, a significant QTL for exercise time (55 cM, 2.28 LOD) and a suggestive QTL for work (55 cM, 2.19 LOD) were identified. In the female cohort, no QTL was identified for time, but a suggestive QTL for work was located at 16 cM (1.8 LOD). These data suggest that one or more QTL on Chromosome 14 regulate exercise capacity. The putative sex-specific QTL further suggest that the genetic architecture underlying exercise capacity is different in males and females. Overall, the results of this study support the use of CSS as a model for the genetic analysis of exercise capacity. Future studies should incorporate the full panel of CSS using male and female mice to dissect the genetic basis for differences in exercise capacity. | 25,184,035 | [
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Oral intake of heat-killed cells of Lactococcus lactis strain H61 promotes skin health in women. | We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of heat-killed cells of Lactococcus lactis strain H61 on various skin properties of Japanese women. Volunteers (age 31-62 years) were randomly assigned to receive test food with or without 60 mg of heat-killed strain H61 (fifteen women in each group; H61 and control groups, respectively) daily for 8 weeks. Results were analysed for three age categories (30s, 40s and 50-60s). Compared with that at week 0, skin hydration at the inner forearm at weeks 4 and 8 decreased in all volunteers (except those in their 50-60s) because of the environmental change from autumn to winter. The oldest H61 group maintained skin hydration at the inner forearm throughout the study. Skin elasticity and melanin content in the cheek decreased and sebum content increased throughout the test period due to seasonal environmental change, regardless of age or H61 treatment. Self-evaluation scores for apparent hair follicles and dryness of the throat at week 8 were higher in the overall H61 group than in the combined placebo group. The 30s H61 group noted marked improvements in self-surveyed skin elasticity at week 8 compared with at week 0 and with the placebo group at week 8. The results of the present study indicate that oral intake of heat-killed cells of L. lactis strain H61 can improve some skin properties and body characteristics in women. This strain would probably be useful in increasing the quality of life in an ageing population. | 25,191,547 | [
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Intake of polyphenol-rich pomegranate pure juice influences urinary glucocorticoids, blood pressure and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in human volunteers. | Pomegranate juice (PJ; also known as pomegreat pure juice) provides a rich and varied source of polyphenolic compounds that may offer cardioprotective, anti-atherogenic and antihypertensive effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PJ consumption on glucocorticoids levels, blood pressure (BP) and insulin resistance in volunteers at high CVD risk. Subjects (twelve males and sixteen females) participated in a randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over study (BMI: 26·77 (sd 3·36) kg/m(2); mean age: 50·4 (sd 6·1) years). Volunteers were assessed at baseline, and at weeks 2 and 4 for anthropometry, BP and pulse wave velocity. Cortisol and cortisone levels in urine and saliva were determined by specific ELISA methods, and the cortisol/cortisone ratio was calculated. Fasting blood samples were obtained to assess plasma lipids, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). Volunteers consumed 500 ml of PJ or 500 ml of a placebo drink containing a similar amount of energy. Cortisol urinary output was reduced but not significant. However, cortisol/cortisone ratios in urine (P = 0·009) and saliva (P = 0·024) were significantly decreased. Systolic BP decreased from 136·4 (sd 6·3) to 128·9 (sd 5·1) mmHg (P = 0·034), and diastolic BP from 80·3 (sd 4·29) to 75·5 (sd 5·17) mmHg (P = 0·031) after 4 weeks of fruit juice consumption. Pulse wave velocity decreased from 7·5 (sd 0·86) to 7·44 (sd 0·94) m/s (P = 0·035). There was also a significant reduction in fasting plasma insulin from 9·36 (sd 5·8) to 7·53 (sd 4·12) mIU/l (P = 0·025) and of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (from 2·216 (sd 1·43) to 1·82 (sd 1·12), P = 0·028). No significant changes were seen in the placebo arm of the study. These results suggest that PJ consumption can alleviate key cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese subjects that might be due to a reduction in both systolic and diastolic BP, possibly through the inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme activity as evidenced by the reduction in the cortisol/cortisone ratio. The reduction in insulin resistance might have therapeutic benefits for patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes, obesity and the metabolic syndrome. | 25,191,556 | [
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Feeding spinach thylakoids to rats modulates the gut microbiota, decreases food intake and affects the insulin response. | Thylakoid membranes derived from green leaf chloroplasts affect appetite-regulating hormones, suppress food intake, reduce blood lipids and lead to a decreased body weight in animals and human subjects. Thylakoids also decrease the intestinal in vitro uptake of methyl-glucose in the rat. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary thylakoids on the gut microbiota composition, mainly the taxa of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, in rats fed either a thylakoid-enriched diet or a control diet for 10 d. At the same time, a glucose-tolerance test in the same rats was also performed. Food intake was significantly decreased in the thylakoid-fed rats compared with the control-fed rats over the 10-d study. An oral glucose tolerance test after 10 d of thylakoid- or control-food intake resulted in significantly reduced plasma insulin levels in the thylakoid-fed rats compared with the control-fed rats, while no difference was observed for blood glucose levels. Analysis of gut bacteria showed a significant increase of lactobacilli on the ileal mucosa, specifically Lactobacillus reuteri, in the rats fed the thylakoid diet compared with rats fed the control diet, while faecal lactobacilli decreased. No difference in bifidobacteria between the thylakoid and control groups was found. Analyses with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and principal component analysis of faeces demonstrated different microbial populations in the thylakoid- and control-fed animals. These findings indicate that thylakoids modulate the gut microbial composition, which might be important for the regulation of body weight and energy metabolism. | 25,191,569 | [
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Vitamin D receptor and megalin gene polymorphisms are associated with central adiposity status and changes among US adults. | We examined longitudinal associations of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and megalin (LRP2; LDL receptor-related protein-2) gene polymorphisms with central adiposity. We used data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), an ongoing prospective open cohort study. Study participants consisted of non-Hispanic white adults residing in Baltimore city, with one or more visits at age ≥50 years, and complete data (n 609-617). Repeated assessments on waist circumference (WC) and waist:hip ratio (WHR) were available. Multiple linear mixed models were used to estimate mid-follow-up age central adiposity level and annual rate of change with cut-points set at the sex-specific 80th percentile. The four binary outcomes were: 'elevated central adiposity' (ECA-WC and ECA-WHR) and 'significant increase in central adiposity' (SICA-WC and SICA-WHR). SNP for VDR (four SNP: (1) rs11568820 (CdX-2:T/C); (2) rs1544410 (BsmI:G/A); (3) rs7975232 (ApaI:A/C); (4) rs731236 (TaqI:G/A)) and Megalin (three SNP: (1) rs3755166:G/A; (2) rs2075252:C/T; (3) rs4668123:C/T) genes were selected. SNP latent classes (SNPLC) and SNP haplotypes (SNPHAP) were created. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that, in men, higher ECA-WHR odds were associated with SNPLC Megalin2:rs3755166[-]/rs2075252[TT]/rs4668123[T-] (v. Megalin1:rs3755166[-]/rs2075252[CC]/rs4668123[-]) (OR 2·87; 95 % CI 1·15, 7·12; P = 0·023) and that SNPLC Megalin3:rs3755166[-]/rs2075252[CT]/rs4668123[-] (v. Megalin1) was linked to lower SICA-WC odds (OR 0·48; 95 % CI 0·26, 0·88; P = 0·019) (P > 0·05 for sex × SNPLC). In women, VDR3 SNPHAP (GAA:bAT) was related to lower odds of ECA-WC (OR 0·37; 95 % CI 0·16, 0·87; P = 0·023) (P < 0·05 for sex × SNPHAP), VDR1 SNPHAP (GCA:baT) was associated with greater odds and VDR3 SNPHAP (GAA:bAT) with lower odds of SICA-WC (P > 0·05 for sex × SNPHAP). Vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms were associated with central adiposity status and change. Future mechanistic studies are needed to confirm those polymorphisms' biological significance to central adiposity. | 25,191,583 | [
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Different patterns of Australian adults' knowledge of foods and nutrients related to metabolic disease risk. | A nationwide survey of 2022 consumers was conducted in Australia in late 2011. A short list of questions about knowledge of the nutrient composition of common foods was administered along with questions about the respondents' food attitudes, demographics, school education and dieting practices. Overall, the results showed that nutrition knowledge was relatively high. Latent class analysis showed two groups of consumers with 'high' and 'low' knowledge of nutrition. Higher knowledge was positively associated with age, female sex, university education, experience of home economics or health education at school, having a chronic disease, and attitudes to food issues, and negatively with type 1 diabetes or the use of diabetes-control diets. The implications of the findings for nutrition communication are discussed. | 25,191,606 | [
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Smartphone adapters for digital photomicrography. | Photomicrographs in Anatomic Pathology provide a means of quickly sharing information from a glass slide for consultation, education, documentation and publication. While static image acquisition historically involved the use of a permanently mounted camera unit on a microscope, such cameras may be expensive, need to be connected to a computer, and often require proprietary software to acquire and process images. Another novel approach for capturing digital microscopic images is to use smartphones coupled with the eyepiece of a microscope. Recently, several smartphone adapters have emerged that allow users to attach mobile phones to the microscope. The aim of this study was to test the utility of these various smartphone adapters. We surveyed the market for adapters to attach smartphones to the ocular lens of a conventional light microscope. Three adapters (Magnifi, Skylight and Snapzoom) were tested. We assessed the designs of these adapters and their effectiveness at acquiring static microscopic digital images. All adapters facilitated the acquisition of digital microscopic images with a smartphone. The optimal adapter was dependent on the type of phone used. The Magnifi adapters for iPhone were incompatible when using a protective case. The Snapzoom adapter was easiest to use with iPhones and other smartphones even with protective cases. Smartphone adapters are inexpensive and easy to use for acquiring digital microscopic images. However, they require some adjustment by the user in order to optimize focus and obtain good quality images. Smartphone microscope adapters provide an economically feasible method of acquiring and sharing digital pathology photomicrographs. | 25,191,623 | [
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Evaluation of a teaching strategy based on integration of clinical subjects, virtual autopsy, pathology museum, and digital microscopy for medical students. | Learning pathology is fundamental for a successful medical practice. In recent years, medical education has undergone a profound transformation toward the development of an integrated curriculum incorporating both basic science and clinical material. Simultaneously, there has been a shift from a magisterial teaching approach to one centered around problem-based learning. Now-a-days, informatics tools are expected to help better implement these strategies. We applied and evaluated a new teaching method based on an active combination of clinical problems, gross pathology, histopathology, and autopsy pathology, all given through informatics tools, to teach a group of medical students at the Universidad de Santander, Colombia. Ninety-four medical students were followed in two consecutive semesters. Students were randomized to receive teaching either through traditional methodology or through the new integrated approach. There was no significant difference between the intervention group and the control group at baseline. At the end of the study, the scores in the intervention group were significantly higher compared to the control group (3.91/5.0 vs. 3.33/5.0, P = 0.0008). Students and tutors endorsed the benefits of the integrated approach. Participants were very satisfied with this training approach and rated the program an 8.7 out of 10, on average. This study confirms that an integrated curriculum utilizing informatics systems provides an excellent opportunity to associate pathology with clinical medicine early in training of medical students. This can be possible with the use of virtual microscopy and digital imaging. | 25,191,624 | [
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Diagnostic Accuracy of CBCT for Aggressive Periodontitis. | Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an indispensable diagnostic imaging tool for dento-alveolar examination. CBCT scanning has become a valuable imaging modality in the field of Periodontology for the detection of very small osseous defects. A patient reported to the department of Periodontology with a complaint of loose teeth. Clinical and direct digital radiographic (DDR) examination revealed advanced periodontal destruction, but failed to diagnose the morphology of generalized osseous defects, around all the surfaces of each tooth. CBCT images were obtained for detailed examination of each and every osseous defect around all the teeth. Patient was then diagnosed with generalized aggressive periodontitis. Flap surgery was performed in order to eliminate the periodontal pockets, exposing and degranulating the osseous defects. Actual measurements of surgically exposed osseous defects were compared with that seen in CBCT images and found to be exactly identical. CBCT has proved to be as accurate in measuring osseous defects as direct measurements with a periodontal probe. Buccal and lingual periodontal defects that could not be diagnosed by conventional radiography can be identified with CBCT. | 25,191,628 | [
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Modulation of Cerrena unicolor laccase and manganese peroxidase production. | Among seven carbon sources tested, glycerol and glucose favored the Cerrena unicolor laccase production (18.8-20.3 U/mL); in addition, glycerol ensured the highest manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity (2 U/mL). Substitution of glycerol with the ethanol production residue (EPR) gave the highest laccase (90.1 U/mL) activity, while the walnut pericarp provided the highest MnP activity (7.4 U/mL). Supplementation of medium with 1 mM copper and 1 mM xylidine at appropriate time caused significant additive effect on laccase expression (333.2 U/mL) in shake-flask experiments. Overproduction of laccase activity (507 U/mL) and secretion of MnP activity was obtained when C. unicolor was cultivated in stirred-tank fermenter. C. unicolor showed several distinctive and attractive technological features: it is capable to synthesize high levels of oxidases under high carbon and high nitrogen conditions and it secretes high laccase activity during trophophase. | 25,191,637 | [
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Radioembolization of hepatic lesions from a radiobiology and dosimetric perspective. | Radioembolization (RE) of liver cancer with (90)Y-microspheres has been applied in the last two decades with notable responses and acceptable toxicity. Two types of microspheres are available, glass and resin, the main difference being the activity/sphere. Generally, administered activities are established by empirical methods and differ for the two types. Treatment planning based on dosimetry is a prerogative of few centers, but has notably gained interest, with evidence of predictive power of dosimetry on toxicity, lesion response, and overall survival (OS). Radiobiological correlations between absorbed doses and toxicity to organs at risk, and tumor response, have been obtained in many clinical studies. Dosimetry methods have evolved from the macroscopic approach at the organ level to voxel analysis, providing absorbed dose spatial distributions and dose-volume histograms (DVH). The well-known effects of the external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), such as the volume effect, underlying disease influence, cumulative damage in parallel organs, and different tolerability of re-treatment, have been observed also in RE, identifying in EBRT a foremost reference to compare with. The radiobiological models - normal tissue complication probability and tumor control probability - and/or the style (DVH concepts) used in EBRT are introduced in RE. Moreover, attention has been paid to the intrinsic different activity distribution of resin and glass spheres at the microscopic scale, with dosimetric and radiobiological consequences. Dedicated studies and mathematical models have developed this issue and explain some clinical evidences, e.g., the shift of dose to higher toxicity thresholds using glass as compared to resin spheres. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the literature incident to dosimetry and radiobiological issues in RE, with the aim to summarize the results and to identify the most useful methods and information that should accompany future studies. | 25,191,640 | [
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The effect of disinfection with sodium hypochlorite 0.5% on dimensional stability of condensation silicone impression materials of speedex and irasil. | Impression materials are concerned as a significant source of cross-contamination because of exposure to blood and saliva. Considering the importance of infection control in the dental environments, this study is performed to investigate the dimensional changes of two condensation silicone impression materials, Speedex and Irasil, after immersion in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite. In this in-vitro study, two condensation silicone impression materials, Speedex and Irasil, were used on a prefabricated metal model having two dies, one with and the other without undercut. Each impression material was used to prepare 30 impressions; half of each group was immersed in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 20 min. The casts were prepared and a profile projector was used to measure the casts in terms of height and diameter of the die without undercut, distance between the two dies, die diameter below the undercut, and the height of the die above the undercut. The results were statistically analyzed using Student t-test. In Speedex group, an increase was detected in the height of die without undercut and the height of the die above the undercut, but other dimensions have decreased. No significant change was observed in dimensions of Speedex group except for the distance between the two dies and die height above the undercut. In Irasil group, the height of the die without undercut, the distance between the two dies and the height of the die above the undercut have increased; while decrease was observed in other dimensions. Compared with the original sample, no significant difference was observed in dimensions except for the height of the die above the undercut. These changes for Speedex group include changes in distance between the two dies and the height above the undercut which can impede proper placement of prosthesis, particularly fixed partial dentures in which the accuracy of the distance between the two dies are of utmost importance. In Irasil group, the height of above the undercut was altered and this negative effect is highlighted in registering the reduced single tooth with an undercut. | 25,191,657 | [
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Evaluation of histological impacts of three types of orthodontic fixed retainers on periodontium of rabbits. | Fixed retainers were developed to maintain incisor alignments after orthodontic treatments. Although the effects of fixed retainers on periodontal health are clinically studied, no studies have still evaluated the histological changes in the periodontium after the placement of thefixed retainers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of customised retainers on periodontium histologically. Forty pairs of maxillary and mandibular central incisors of twenty rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups: The first group was considered as the control and in the second group, Fiber Reinforced Composite (FRC), in the third group, 0.014 inch stainless steel (SS) wire and in the fourth group, 0.175 inch multistrand stainless steel (MSS) wire were bonded on the labial surfaces of the incisors. After sixty days; animals' periodontium were evaluated histologically. The number of bone resorption lacuna in the control group was significantly less than FRC and 0.014 SS groups. The periodontal vessel count and their diameter in the control group was significantly lower than the other groups. The pulp vessel count and their diameter in controls were significantly more than the 0.014 SS and the 0.175 MSS groups. Findings of this study suggest that FRC fixed retainer might cause detrimental effects on the periodontal ligaments and supporting bone and the 0.014- inch and 0.175- inch fixed retainers can cause hyalinization and possibly the necrosis of the pulp. | 25,191,658 | [
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Effect of non-ionizing radio frequency signals of magnetic resonance imaging on physical properties of dental alloys and metal-ceramic adhesion. | To assess the influence of non-ionizing radio frequency signals of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on physical properties of dental alloys and metal-ceramic adhesion. A total of 120 disk-shaped wax patterns (10 mm x 10 mm x 1 mm) were cast in a base metal alloy (Ni-Cr alloy) and commercially pure titanium (Ti) following the manufacturing recommendation. After casting, air abrasion and ultrasonic cleaning, feldspathic ceramic was applied and fired according to manufacturer's instructions using a standard mold. The specimens were subjected to 3000 thermocycles in distilled water between 5°C and 55°C, then veneered alloy specimens were randomly assigned to three groups according to MRI exposure time: a) 15 min of MRI exposure, b) 30 min of MRI exposure and c) no MRI exposure (control group). The specimens were subjected to shear loading until failure. A separate set of Ni-Cr and Ti specimens were prepared, and after exposure to MRI for 15 and 30 min, x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, surface roughness, and Vicker's hardness were measured. Both the alloy type (p < 0.005) and exposure duration (p < 0.005) had a significant effect on the bond results. While the control group presented the highest bond strength for Ni-Cr and Ti (36.9 ± 1.4 and 21.5 ± 1.6 MPa, respectively), 30 min MRI exposure significantly decreased the bond strength for both alloys (29.4 ± 1.5 and 12.8 ± 1.5 MPa, respectively) (p < 0.05). XRD analysis indicated formation of the crystalline phase as well as change in crystal size and position for Ni-Cr and Ti after MRI. Compared to the control group where alloys were not exposed to MRI (Ni-Cr: 0.40 μm; Ti: 0.17 μm), surface roughness increased (Ni-Cr: 0.54 μm; Ti: 1.1 μm). Vicker's hardness of both alloys decreased after 30 min MRI (Ni-Cr: 329.5; Ti: 216.1) compared to the control group c (Ni-Cr: 356.1; Ti: 662.1), being more significant for Ti (p < 0.005). Ni-Cr alloy is recommended over Ti for the fabrication of metal-ceramic restorations for patients with a history of frequent exposure to MRI. | 25,191,668 | [
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Review of the literature on necrotizing sialometaplasia and case presentation. | The aim of this article is to report a case of necrotizing sialometaplasia with long-term follow-up. A case of necrotizing sialometaplasia in a 37-year-old man with clinical documentation on the progress during a 2-year follow-up is presented. Data from an extensive review of the literature including clinical, imagenologic, and microscopic features are provided. Information on diagnostic and prognostic factors is offered and comprehensibly discussed. The importance of identification and diagnosis of this entity during the review of the slides from the first biopsy is stressed and the exclusive performance of an incisional biopsy is debated. The presented clinical photographs reveal the clinical changes of the lesion from the beginning of the lesions up to 2 years follow-up, documenting the complete long-term clinical course and the healing process of this entity. | 25,191,669 | [
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Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth without ferrule using a novel H-shaped short post. | To evaluate the fracture resistance and failure types of modified H-designed intradental short retention preparation for computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM) restorations, in cases where no ferrule is possible. A combined finite element analysis and in vitro testing was employed. Forty extracted single-rooted premolars were selected and prepared for the following four groups (n = 10 per group): Group A, H-post preparation restored with glass-ceramic crowns; group B, H-post preparation restored with lithium disilicate crowns; group C, endocrowns (negative control group); and group D, 2-mm ferrule preparation and restoration with fiber posts (positive control). After cementation, specimens were loaded to fracture (1 mm/min) in a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, followed by post-hoc Scheffé test and chisquare test. The H-post group restored with lithium disilicate crowns (group B) presented higher fracture resistance compared to the H-post group with glass-ceramic crowns (group A) and the endocrowns (group C). Among the failure analysis, only specimens of group C were all repairable after fracture load test, while the specimens of remaining groups A, B, and D accounted for 90%, 70%, and 50% repairable fracture modes, respectively. The modification of the short intracoronal restoration anchorage profile may be a valid concept to improve the retention and fracture resistance, given that the materials are adjusted for this purpose in terms of mechanical resistance and internal adaptation. Numerical evaluations and future in vitro studies may help to select the best designs and materials. | 25,191,670 | [
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The modified coronally advanced tunnel combined with an enamel matrix derivative and subepithelial connective tissue graft for the treatment of isolated mandibular Miller Class I and II gingival recessions: a report of 16 cases. | To clinically evaluate the healing of mandibular Miller Class I and II isolated gingival recessions treated with the modified coronally advanced tunnel (MCAT) in conjunction with an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG). Sixteen healthy patients (13 women and 3 men) exhibiting one isolated mandibular Miller Class I and II gingival recessions of a depth of ≥ 3 mm, were consecutively treated with the MCAT in conjunction with EMD and SCTG. Treatment outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 12 months postoperatively. The primary outcome variable was complete root coverage (CRC) (eg, 100% root coverage). Postoperative pain and discomfort were low and no complications such as postoperative bleeding, allergic reactions, abscesses, or loss of SCTG were observed. At 12 months, statistically significant (P < .0001) root coverage was obtained in all 16 defects. CRC was measured in 12 out of the 16 cases (75%) while in the remaining 4 defects root coverage amounted to 90% (in two cases) and 80% (in two cases), respectively. Mean root coverage was 96.25%. Mean keratinized tissue width increased from 1.98 ± 0.8 mm at baseline to 2.5 ± 0.9 mm (P < .0001) at 12 months, while mean probing depth did not show any statistically significant changes (ie, 1.9 ± 0.3 mm at baseline vs 1.8 ± 0.2 mm at 12 months). Within their limits, the present results indicate that the described treatment approach may lead to predictable root coverage of isolated mandibular Miller Class I and II gingival recessions. | 25,191,672 | [
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Structure driven design of novel human ether-a-go-go-related-gene channel (hERG1) activators. | One of the main culprits in modern drug discovery is apparent cardiotoxicity of many lead-candidates via inadvertent pharmacologic blockade of K+, Ca2+ and Na+ currents. Many drugs inadvertently block hERG1 leading to an acquired form of the Long QT syndrome and potentially lethal polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. An emerging strategy is to rely on interventions with a drug that may proactively activate hERG1 channels reducing cardiovascular risks. Small molecules-activators have a great potential for co-therapies where the risk of hERG-related QT prolongation is significant and rehabilitation of the drug is impractical. Although a number of hERG1 activators have been identified in the last decade, their binding sites, functional moieties responsible for channel activation and thus mechanism of action, have yet to be established. Here, we present a proof-of-principle study that combines de-novo drug design, molecular modeling, chemical synthesis with whole cell electrophysiology and Action Potential (AP) recordings in fetal mouse ventricular myocytes to establish basic chemical principles required for efficient activator of hERG1 channel. In order to minimize the likelihood that these molecules would also block the hERG1 channel they were computationally engineered to minimize interactions with known intra-cavitary drug binding sites. The combination of experimental and theoretical studies led to identification of functional elements (functional groups, flexibility) underlying efficiency of hERG1 activators targeting binding pocket located in the S4-S5 linker, as well as identified potential side-effects in this promising line of drugs, which was associated with multi-channel targeting of the developed drugs. | 25,191,697 | [
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Age and gender patterns of thyroid cancer incidence in Ukraine depending on thyroid radiation doses from radioactive iodine exposure after the Chornobyl NPP accident. | The objective of this study was to investigate the thyroid cancer incidence in a whole territory of Ukraine and to clear up its age and gender patterns depending on average regional (oblast) thyroid doses from radioactive iodine due to the Chornobyl accident. MATERIALS AND METHODS. On the basis of average accumulated thyroid doses from radioactive iodine the geographical regions of Ukraine with low and high average thyroid doses were identified for a comparative analysis performance. Methods of descriptive epidemiology were used. The level and dynamics of thyroid cancer incidence were analyzed in different gender and age groups (both for attained age and age at the moment of the Chornobyl accident). Results of this study confirmed the radiation excess of thyroid cancer in individuals who were children and adolescents in 1986. Some excess was observed in elder age groups too. Especial situation was observed in female age group 40-49 at the moment of the Chornobyl accident i.e. the age-specific thyroid cancer incidence rates were significantly higher in "high exposure" regions comparing with "low exposure" ones during all years of observation within 1989-2009. A probable radiation excess of thyroid cancer was suggested not only in children and adolescents but also in adult age groups. In elder age groups this excess was less expressed and manifested after a longer period of time. The origin of the phenomenon in female age group of 40-49 is unclear now. Hypothesis of combined effect of radiation and natural changing of hormonal status in this age should be checked in the future studies. | 25,191,719 | [
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Lymphocytosis in children after the Chornobyl NPP accident. | To establish the sources of lymphocytosis in children living in ecologically unfavorable conditions after the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident aiming the high risk group formation for oncohematological diseases among the children's population. The 226 children with lymphocytosis were surveyed. The of child's life history and kind of somatic morbidity were considered. Quantitative and qualitative parameters of blood cells, biochemical indices including immunoglobulins (A, M, G), circulating immune complexes, phagocytosis indices were assayed. Children with lymphocytosis were more often born with a high bodyweight, they demonstrated manifestations of constitutional lymphatism, lymphadenopathy and more often had respiratory infections. Quantitative and qualitative changes of hemopoietic elements depended on a type of a disease. Activation of lipid peroxidation, dysimmunoglobulinemia and increased level of circulating immune complexes were revealed. Treatment and preventive actions promoted normalization of hemogram indices in 58% of children surveyed. The abnormalities in immune indices, activated lipid peroxidation in membranes of hemopoietic elements, and manifestations of granulocytopoietic disorders were established it children with lymphocytosis. Therefore these children can be attributed tot the group of increased risk on oncohematological disease. | 25,191,723 | [
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The GIP receptor displays higher basal activity than the GLP-1 receptor but does not recruit GRK2 or arrestin3 effectively. | Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are important regulators of insulin secretion, and their functional loss is an early characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Pharmacological levels of GLP-1, but not GIP, can overcome this loss. GLP-1 and GIP exert their insulinotropic effects through their respective receptors expressed on pancreatic β-cells. Both the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the GIP receptor (GIPR) are members of the secretin family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and couple positively to adenylate cyclase. We compared the signalling properties of these two receptors to gain further insight into why GLP-1, but not GIP, remains insulinotropic in T2DM patients. GLP-1R and GIPR were transiently expressed in HEK-293 cells, and basal and ligand-induced cAMP production were investigated using a cAMP-responsive luciferase reporter gene assay. Arrestin3 (Arr3) recruitment to the two receptors was investigated using enzyme fragment complementation, confocal microscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). GIPR displayed significantly higher (P<0.05) ligand-independent activity than GLP-1R. Arr3 displayed a robust translocation to agonist-stimulated GLP-1R but not to GIPR. These observations were confirmed in FRET experiments, in which GLP-1 stimulated the recruitment of both GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2) and Arr3 to GLP-1R. These interactions were not reversed upon agonist washout. In contrast, GIP did not stimulate recruitment of either GRK2 or Arr3 to its receptor. Interestingly, arrestin remained at the plasma membrane even after prolonged (30 min) stimulation with GLP-1. Although the GLP-1R/arrestin interaction could not be reversed by agonist washout, GLP-1R and arrestin did not co-internalise, suggesting that GLP-1R is a class A receptor with regard to arrestin binding. GIPR displays higher basal activity than GLP-1R but does not effectively recruit GRK2 or Arr3. | 25,191,754 | [
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The cost of autism spectrum disorders. | A diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorders is usually associated with substantial lifetime costs to an individual, their family and the community. However, there remains an elusive factor in any cost-benefit analysis of ASD diagnosis, namely the cost of not obtaining a diagnosis. Given the infeasibility of estimating the costs of a population that, by its nature, is inaccessible, the current study compares expenses between families whose children received a formal ASD diagnosis immediately upon suspecting developmental atypicality and seeking advice, with families that experienced a delay between first suspicion and formal diagnosis. A register based questionnaire study covering all families with a child with ASD in Western Australia. Families with one or more children diagnosed with an ASD, totalling 521 children diagnosed with an ASD; 317 records were able to be included in the final analysis. The median family cost of ASD was estimated to be AUD $34,900 per annum with almost 90% of the sum ($29,200) due to loss of income from employment. For each additional symptom reported, approximately $1,400 cost for the family per annum was added. While there was little direct influence on costs associated with a delay in the diagnosis, the delay was associated with a modest increase in the number of ASD symptoms, indirectly impacting the cost of ASD. A delay in diagnosis was associated with an indirect increased financial burden to families. Early and appropriate access to early intervention is known to improve a child's long-term outcomes and reduce lifetime costs to the individual, family and society. Consequently, a per symptom dollar value may assist in allocation of individualised funding amounts for interventions rather than a nominal amount allocated to all children below a certain age, regardless of symptom presentation, as is the case in Western Australia. | 25,191,755 | [
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Efficacy of Stentless Aortic Bioprosthesis Implantation for Aortic Stenosis with Small Aortic Annulus. | In patients with small aortic annulus, sufficient size of stented aortic bioprosthesis cannot be implanted without additional procedures. In such cases, we use stentless aortic bioprosthesis to obtain sufficient effective orifice area. In this study, we investigated long-term impact of stentless aortic bioprosthesis on clinical outcomes, compared with stented aortic bioprosthesis. We retrospectively investigated 140 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) with porcine bioprosthesis for severe aortic stenosis between 1999 and 2010. Patients who had moderate or more aortic regurgitation and who underwent concomitant mitral procedures were excluded. A total of 69 patients (49%) were implanted stentless bioprosthesis (Freestyle group; Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States) and 71 patients (51%) were implanted stented bioprosthesis (Mosaic group; Medtronic Inc). Follow-up was complete in 97.9% patients. Median follow-up period was 4.2 years. Patients in Freestyle group had smaller body surface area, smaller aortic annulus diameter, smaller aortic valve area, larger mean pressure gradient, higher peak velocity across aortic valve, larger left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Mean size of implanted prosthesis was larger in Freestyle group. In-hospital mortality was 1.4% in Freestyle group and 2.8% in Mosaic group (p = 0.980). Five-year survival rate was not different between two groups (5-year survival rate was 87.5 ± 4.7% in Freestyle group and 84.1 ± 7.5% in Mosaic group; log rank, p = 0.619). Late New York Heart Association functional class was lower in Freestyle group. Late LVMI and LVEF became similar between two groups. Stentless aortic bioprosthesis is superior in left ventricular remodeling after AVR for aortic stenosis and is especially effective for small aortic annulus. | 25,191,762 | [
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Influence of psycho-social factors on the emergence of depression and suicidal risk in patients with schizophrenia. | The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of certain psychosocial factors - insight, psycho-education, family and social support, loneliness and social isolation - on the appearance of depression and suicidal risk in schizophrenia. This was a cross-sectional study that comprised hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in the initial remission phase. The assessment of depression and suicidal risk was made by applying a semi-structured psychiatric interview that included scrutinized factors (insight, psycho-education, family and social support, loneliness and social isolation), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). On the basis of the assessment results, the sample was divided into two groups: Group of patients with depression and suicidal risk in schizophrenia (N = 53) and Control group (N = 159) of patients with schizophrenia without depression and suicidal risk. In the Group of patients with depression and suicidal risk, compared with the Control group, there was significantly higher frequency of insight in the mental status (χ² = 31.736, p < 0.001), number of patients without psycho-education (χ² = 10.039, p = 0.002), deficit of family support (χ² = 13.359, p = 0.001), deficit of social support (χ² = 6.103, p=0.047), loneliness (χ² = 6.239, p = 0.012), and social isolation (χ² = 47.218, p < 0.001). Using the model of multi-variant logistic regression, insight, deficit of psycho-education and social isolation (p < 0.05) were identified as predictors of depression and suicidal risk in schizophrenia. This study shows that considered psycho-social factors - insight in the mental status, lack of psycho-education, as well as social isolation - could be predictors for appearance of depression and suicidal risk in schizophrenia. | 25,191,769 | [
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Prediction of compound potency changes in matched molecular pairs using support vector regression. | Matched molecular pairs (MMPs) consist of pairs of compounds that are transformed into each other by a substructure exchange. If MMPs are formed by compounds sharing the same biological activity, they encode a potency change. If the potency difference between MMP compounds is very small, the substructure exchange (chemical transformation) encodes a bioisosteric replacement; if the difference is very large, the transformation encodes an activity cliff. For a given compound activity class, MMPs comprehensively capture existing structural relationships and represent a spectrum of potency changes for structurally analogous compounds. We have aimed to predict potency changes encoded by MMPs. This prediction task principally differs from conventional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. For the prediction of MMP-associated potency changes, we introduce direction-dependent MMPs and combine MMP analysis with support vector regression (SVR) modeling. Combinations of newly designed kernel functions and fingerprint descriptors are explored. The resulting SVR models yield accurate predictions of MMP-encoded potency changes for many different data sets. Shared key structure context is found to contribute critically to prediction accuracy. SVR models reach higher performance than random forest (RF) and MMP-based averaging calculations carried out as controls. A comparison of SVR with kernel ridge regression indicates that prediction accuracy has largely been a consequence of kernel characteristics rather than SVR optimization details. | 25,191,787 | [
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Organizational flexibility as a strategic option: fostering dynamic capabilities of hospitals. | The main purpose of this article is to examine how the internal and external dimensions of organizational flexibility impact hospital performance. Results reveal that matching internal and external flexibilities contributes to the development of capabilities to adopt new strategic options. Such interactions have a significant impact in terms of hospital performance. A cluster of dynamic hospitals, which is characterised by high levels of both internal and external flexibilities, (instead of that have high levels of both internal and external flexibilities) was found to have the double level of performance compared with other clusters. The implications for research and managerial practice are discussed. | 25,191,807 | [
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Organizational factors influencing inter-professional team functioning in primary care networks. | This study examined organizational factors influencing the functioning of inter-professional teams in select primary care networks (PCNs) in Alberta. Seven PCNs participated, each identifying two teams to be interviewed. The study used an exploratory qualitative approach to collect information from 118 physicians, managers and other clinical and non-clinical staff. Organizational factors affecting these teams included leadership and workplace culture, physical infrastructure, information technology infrastructure, organizational supports and employment models. The authors offer organizational strategies that enhance inter-professional team functioning based on interviewee recommendations and the existing literature. Further research is needed to link the strategies to measureable outcomes. | 25,191,810 | [
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Monoclonal light chain deposits within the stomach manifesting as immunotactoid gastropathy. | Immunotactoid deposits are defined by their ultrastructural appearance and are characterized by microtubular or cylindrical structures typically measuring greater than 30 nm in diameter. Although a rare entity, immunotactoid deposition most often manifests as immunotactoid glomerulopathy and is associated with underlying lymphoplasmacytic disorders. Corneal immunotactoid deposition known as immunotactoid keratopathy has also been reported in patients with paraproteinemia. Here, we describe the first reported case of immunotactoid deposition in the stomach. The deposits were composed solely of kappa immunoglobulin light chains without significant lambda light chain or immunoglobulin heavy chain components. The patient displayed no renal signs or symptoms, and additional thorough clinical examination failed to detect any evidence of a paraproteinemia or plasma cell dyscrasia. Thus, the gastric immunotactoid deposits in this case appear to be an isolated finding of light chain deposition, of which the significance and etiology are unclear. | 25,191,812 | [
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0.1949996,
0.109864... |
Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane modified layered double hydroxides greatly facilitate polyoxometalate intercalation. | Polyoxometalate (POM) intercalation to layered double hydroxides (LDHs) has been greatly restricted by the geometry, charge and size of POMs. We report herein, for the first time, the intercalation of Na3[PW12O40]·15H2O into tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (Tris) modified layered double hydroxides (Tris-LDH-CO3) using an ion exchange method, resulting in the formation of novel intercalated Tris-LDH-PW12 under ambient conditions without the necessity of degassing CO2. Theoretical calculations show the decreased energy and the slightly distorted LDH layer after Tris modification, indicating that the Tris-modified LDH layers greatly facilitate the intercalation of PW12. Further application of Tris-LDH-PW12 for oxygenation of sulfides shows highly efficient and selective catalytic activities under mild conditions. The Tris-LDH-PW12 can be easily recovered and reused for more than 10 times without any obvious decrease of reactivity. This opens a completely new pathway for engineering POM-LDH advanced functional materials. | 25,191,827 | [
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"Warning signs" of primary immunodeficiency among patients with periprosthetic joint infection. | The use of ten clinical "warning signs" has been suggested as a screening tool to identify patients that may have primary immunodeficiency (PID) conditions in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of these "warning signs" among a cohort of patients with periprosthetic joint infections (PJI), in order to detect those cases that may have had a PID contributing to development of infection. A descriptive study using our institutional PJI database was conducted. 185 patients with more than 15 medical consultations in our healthcare network before the diagnosis of PJI were considered eligible for the study. The presence of the "warning signs" was retrospectively evaluated using medical records. Twenty-seven patients (14.5%) presented with one or more "warning signs" of PID; however, 24 of the individuals had another immunocompromising condition and were thought to suffer secondary immunodeficiency. Among the remaining 3 patients, PID was confirmed in 1 individual who was found to have hypogammaglobulinemia. It appears that some patients who develop PJI could suffer from a primary immunodeficiency status that may be detected using "warning signs" questionnaire. The administration of these questions to patients with multiple infections may lead to identification of a primary immunodeficiency status which may in turn influence the outcome of elective arthroplasty or PJI, when develops. | 25,191,844 | [
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0.05811864,
0.2004558,
0.1792025,
0.115972... |
Robotic extraperitoneal paraaortic lymphadenectomy in gynecological cancers: feasibility, safety, and short-term outcomes of isolated and combined procedures. | The aim of our study was to report the technique, the feasibility, and perioperative results of robotic extraperitoneal paraaortic lymphadenectomy in gynecological cancers performed for isolated or combined procedures. This is a retrospective study of 24 consecutive patients undergoing robotic extraperitoneal paraaortic lymphadenectomy using the Da Vinci Surgical system (Intuitive Inc, Sunnyvale, CA) (cervical cancer, n = 15; high-risk endometrial cancer, n = 8; and ovarian cancer, n = 2, including 1 synchronous tumor). Extraperitoneal paraaortic lymphadenectomy was performed using the surgical technique previously described by laparoscopy. Of the 24 included patients, 12 patients had isolated robotic extraperitoneal paraaortic lymphadenectomy, whereas the others underwent the following associated procedures: total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, and omentectomy (n = 7); pelvic transperitoneal lymphadenectomy (n = 3), laparotomic Bricker procedure (n = 1), and colpectomy (n = 1). The median age of patients was 55 (42-64) years, and body mass index was 24.1 kg/m (20.9-26.1). The operation was completed in all patients except three with associated procedures. Perioperative difficulties were encountered in 9 patients (gas leakage, n = 7; adhesions, n = 2; and dissection difficulties, n = 1). The number of removed paraaortic lymph nodes was 18 (14-25). The operating times were 180 (150-210) minutes for isolated extraperitoneal paraaortic lymphadenectomy and 240 (180-300) minutes in case of associated procedures. There were 2 intraoperative (pneumothorax and renal artery injury) and 5 postoperative (3 grades 1-2 and 2 grade 3) complications. If robotic-assisted extraperitoneal paraaortic lymphadenectomy seems feasible in case of isolated procedure, further studies are required to prove its benefit compared with conventional laparoscopy. | 25,191,875 | [
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0.1206791,
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0.06422758,
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0.07914332,
0.1392049,
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... |
Tooth shade measurements under standard and nonstandard illumination and their agreement with skin color. | The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between skin color (shade) and tooth shade under standard and nonstandard illumination sources. Four hundred Jordanian participants (200 males, 200 females, 20 to 50 years of age) were studied. Skin colors were assessed and categorized using the L'Oreal and Revlon foundation shade guides (light, medium, dark). The Vita Pan Classical Shade Guide (VPCSG; Vident) and digital Vita EasyShade Intraoral Dental Spectrophotometer (VESIDS; Vident) were used to select shades in the middle thirds of maxillary central incisors; tooth shades were classified into four categories (highest, high, medium, low). Significant gender differences were observed for skin colors (P = .000) and tooth shade guide systems (P = .001 and .050 for VPCSG and VESIDS, respectively). The observed agreement was 100% and 93% for skin and tooth shade guides, respectively. The corresponding kappa statistic values were 1.00 and 0.79, respectively (substantial agreement, P < .001). The observed agreement between skin color and tooth shades (VPCSG and VESIDS) was approximately 50%. The digital tooth shade guide system can be a satisfactory substitute for classical tooth shade guides and clinical shade matching. There was only moderate agreement between skin color and tooth shade. | 25,191,889 | [
0.3906722,
0.210518,
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0.2905429,
0.1374752,
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0... |
Significance of buccopalatal implant position, biotype, platform switching, and pre-implant bone augmentation on the level of the midbuccal mucosa. | This study assessed whether buccopalatal implant position, biotype, platform switching, and pre-implant bone augmentation affects the level of the midbuccal mucosa (MBM). Ninety patients with a single-tooth implant in the esthetic zone were included. The level of the MBM was measured on photographs taken 1 year after crown placement. The factors analyzed only explained 22% of the level of the MBM. The more an implant was placed to the buccal, the more the MBM was positioned apically. A comparable phenomenon was observed in cases with a thick biotype and cases that underwent pre-implant bone augmentation. Platform switching did not affect the level of the MBM. | 25,191,894 | [
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0.2800433,
0.2905457,
0.146463... |
CX3CL1 (fractalkine) protein expression in normal and degenerating mouse retina: in vivo studies. | We aimed to investigate fractalkine (CX3CL1) protein expression in wild type (wt) retina and its alterations during retinal degeneration in mouse model (rd10) of retinitis pigmentosa. Forms of retinal protein CX3CL1, total protein and mRNA levels of CX3CL1 were analyzed at postnatal days (P) 5, 10, 14, 22, 30, 45, and 60 by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Cellular sources of CX3CL1 were investigated by in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH) and using transgenic (CX3CL1cherry) mice. The immunoblots revealed that in both, wt and rd10 retinas, a membrane integrated ∼100 kDa CX3CL1 form and a cleaved ∼85 kDa CX3CL1 form were present at P5. At P10, accumulation of another presumably intra-neuronal ∼95 kDa form and a decrease in the ∼85-kDa form were observed. From P14, a ∼95 kDa form became principal in wt retina, while in rd10 retinas a soluble ∼85 kDa form increased at P45 and P60. In comparison, retinas of rd10 mice had significantly lower levels of total CX3CL1 protein (from P10 onwards) and lower CX3CL1 mRNA levels (from P14), even before the onset of primary rod degeneration. ISH and mCherry reporter fluorescence showed neurons in the inner retina layers as principal sites of CX3CL1 synthesis both in wt and rd10 retinas. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CX3CL1 has a distinctive course of expression and functional regulation in rd10 retina starting at P10. The biological activity of CX3CL1 is regulated by conversion of a membrane integrated to a soluble form during neurogenesis and in response to pathologic changes in the adult retinal milieu. Viable mature neurons in the inner retina likely exhibit a dynamic intracellular storage depot of CX3CL1. | 25,191,897 | [
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-... |
Method of suicide attempt and reaction to survival as predictors of repeat suicide attempts: a longitudinal analysis. | To evaluate whether reaction to survival of a suicide attempt and method of the index attempt predicted repeat suicide attempts within 6 months. Data came from the Suicide Assessment Form in Emergency Psychiatry (SAFE) Database Project, which contains information on all presentations to emergency psychiatric services at the 2 tertiary hospitals in Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (N = 7,007). During a 4-year period (2009-2012), 922 individuals presented with suicide attempts. Logistic regressions were used to examine whether a person's reaction to attempt survival and the method of attempt predicted repeat suicide attempt within 6 months. Of the 922 participants, 82 (8.8%) presented with another suicide attempt within 6 months. Ambivalence about attempt survival (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.84; 95% CI, 1.45-5.54; P < .01) and wishing to be dead (adjusted OR = 2.68; 95% CI, 1.17-6.17; P < .05) predicted future attempts even when adjusted for age, sex, depression, substance abuse, and method of the initial attempt. Method of the index attempt did not predict future suicide attempts in adjusted models (adjusted OR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.35-1.25; P > .05). Assessment of the patient's reaction to survival, regardless of method of attempt, is important to identify risk of repeat attempts. | 25,191,917 | [
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... |
Primary health care utilization prior to suicide: a retrospective case-control study among active-duty military personnel. | About 45% of civilians who died by suicide had contact with a doctor within 1 month of death. Thus, educating primary care physicians (PCP) to detect and mitigate depression is an important suicide-prevention strategy. However, the PCP consulting rate before suicide has not been examined in a military population. We investigated the utilization of primary health care and mental health services by active-duty military personnel suicide cases prior to death in comparison to matched military controls. All suicides (N = 170) were extracted from a cohort of all active-duty Israeli military male personnel between 2002 and 2012. Applying a retrospective, nested case-control design, we compared primary care services utilization by suicide cases with demographic and occupationally matched military controls (N = 500). Whereas 38.3% of suicide cases contacted a PCP within the last month before death, only 27.6% of suicide cases contacted a mental health specialist during their entire service time. The PCP contact rate within 1 month before death or index day did not differ between suicide cases and military controls (38.3% vs. 33.8%, χ²₁ = 1.05, P = .3). More suicide cases contacted a mental health specialist within service time than did military controls (27.6% vs. 13.6%, χ²₁ = 10.85, P = .001). Even though PCP contact rate by military personnel who died by suicide is slightly lower than that reported for civilians who died by suicide prior to their death, it is higher than mental health specialist contact rate and higher than that by age-matched civilians who died by suicide. These results imply that PCPs education is a viable approach to suicide prevention in a military setting. | 25,191,919 | [
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0.2308093,
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0.1251866,
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0.1901224,
-0.1546... |
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