title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
|---|---|---|---|
Update: soccer injury and prevention, concussion, and chronic groin pain. | Soccer, or football, as it is known in much of the world, is one of the most popular sports in the world. The purpose of this article was to provide a concise update on select soccer-specific medical issues published in the last year as they relate to soccer injury and prevention, concussions, and chronic groin pain. Both the Fédération Internationale de Football Association and the Union of European Football Associations published data from their longstanding injury tracking systems, providing foundation for further research. Concussion research continues to drive much interest, especially as it relates to heading and the controversy of subconcussive trauma. Lastly, our understanding of chronic groin pain continues to be refined as we try to understand the complexity of its pathophysiology and attempt to standardize a multispecialty approach of diagnosis and treatment. | 25,211,620 | [
-0.03597866,
0.421052,
0.2200436,
0.07881304,
-0.09437969,
-0.2640097,
-0.3996053,
0.2238797,
-0.03598272,
-0.08648505,
0.1531228,
-0.2278172,
-0.00999585,
-0.2873235,
-0.4430166,
-0.2955782,
0.1995799,
0.3479168,
-0.2536397,
0.004556455,
-0.2054995,
-0.1187777,
-0.219192... |
Epigenetic regulation of EFEMP1 in prostate cancer: biological relevance and clinical potential. | Epigenetic alterations are common in prostate cancer (PCa) and seem to contribute decisively to its initiation and progression. Moreover, aberrant promoter methylation is a promising biomarker for non-invasive screening. Herein, we sought to characterize EFEMP1 as biomarker for PCa, unveiling its biological relevance in prostate carcinogenesis. Microarray analyses of treated PCa cell lines and primary tissues enabled the selection of differentially methylated genes, among which EFEMP1 was further validated by MSP and bisulfite sequencing. Assessment of biomarker performance was accomplished by qMSP. Expression analysis of EFEMP1 and characterization of histone marks were performed in tissue samples and cancer cell lines to determine the impact of epigenetic mechanisms on EFEMP1 transcriptional regulation. Phenotypic assays, using transfected cell lines, permitted the evaluation of EFEMP1's role in PCa development. EFEMP1 methylation assay discriminated PCa from normal prostate tissue (NPT; P < 0.001, Kruskall-Wallis test) and renal and bladder cancers (96% sensitivity and 98% specificity). EFEMP1 transcription levels inversely correlated with promoter methylation and histone deacetylation, suggesting that both epigenetic mechanisms are involved in gene regulation. Phenotypic assays showed that EFEMP1 de novo expression reduces malignant phenotype of PCa cells. EFEMP1 promoter methylation is prevalent in PCa and accurately discriminates PCa from non-cancerous prostate tissues and other urological neoplasms. This epigenetic alteration occurs early in prostate carcinogenesis and, in association with histone deacetylation, progressively leads to gene down-regulation, fostering cell proliferation, invasion and evasion of apoptosis. | 25,211,630 | [
-0.1064816,
0.2144856,
0.00634455,
-0.1498211,
-0.07691212,
-0.3907402,
-0.1427374,
0.4411109,
0.1660156,
0.08432926,
0.3714954,
0.5754712,
-0.4876844,
-0.4007721,
-0.3697827,
-0.1234136,
-0.2900392,
0.007673161,
-0.3587051,
-0.1424997,
0.03997649,
0.1229236,
-0.2612678,
... |
Ventilatory chemosensitivity, cerebral and muscle oxygenation, and total hemoglobin mass before and after a 72-day mt. Everest expedition. | We investigated the effects of chronic hypobaric hypoxic acclimatization, performed over the course of a 72-day self-supported Everest expedition, on ventilatory chemosensitivity, arterial saturation, and tissue oxygenation adaptation along with total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) in nine experienced climbers (age 37±6 years, [Formula: see text] 55±7 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)). Exercise-hypoxia tolerance was tested using a constant treadmill exercise of 5.5 km·h(-1) at 3.8% grade (mimicking exertion at altitude) with 3-min steps of progressive normobaric poikilocapnic hypoxia. Breath-by-breath ventilatory responses, Spo2, and cerebral (frontal cortex) and active muscle (vastus lateralis) oxygenation were measured throughout. Acute hypoxic ventilatory response (AHVR) was determined by linear regression slope of ventilation vs. Spo2. PRE and POST (<15 days) expedition, tHb-mass was measured using carbon monoxide-rebreathing. Post-expedition, exercise-hypoxia tolerance improved (11:32±3:57 to 16:30±2:09 min, p<0.01). AHVR was elevated (1.25±0.33 to 1.63±0.38 L·min(-1.)%(-1) Spo2, p<0.05). Spo2 decreased throughout exercise-hypoxia in both trials, but was preserved at higher values at 4800 m post-expedition. Cerebral oxygenation decreased progressively with increasing exercise-hypoxia in both trials, with a lower level of deoxyhemoglobin POST at 2400, 3500 and 4800 m. Muscle oxygenation also decreased throughout exercise-hypoxia, with similar patterns PRE and POST. No relationship was observed between the slope of AHVR and cerebral or muscle oxygenation either PRE or POST. Absolute tHb-mass response exhibited great individual variation with a nonsignificant 5.4% increasing trend post-expedition (975±154 g PRE and 1025±124 g POST, p=0.17). We conclude that adaptation to chronic hypoxia during a climbing expedition to Mt. Everest will increase hypoxic tolerance, AHVR, and cerebral but not muscle oxygenation, as measured during simulated acute hypoxia at sea level. However, tHb-mass did not increase significantly and improvement in cerebral oxygenation was not associated with the change in AHVR. | 25,211,648 | [
-0.4011692,
-0.2329906,
-0.265083,
-0.2561856,
-0.08254266,
-0.2121809,
-0.3875627,
-0.3512246,
0.03775932,
-0.07123456,
0.0004712844,
0.2086525,
-0.1420717,
-0.2775181,
-0.6127019,
-0.2641274,
-0.5030265,
0.3043123,
-0.3287097,
0.248152,
-0.4671313,
0.2353365,
0.00104819... |
Associations of the fecal microbiome with urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women. | The gut microbiota may influence the risk of breast cancer through effects on endogenous estrogens. The objective of the study was to investigate whether urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites are associated with the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiome. This was a cross-sectional study among women enrolled in Kaiser Permanente of Colorado. A total of 60 women drawn from a random sample of healthy postmenopausal women (aged 55-69 y), without current or recent use of antibiotics or hormone therapy and no history of cancer or gastrointestinal disease participated in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES AND METHODS: Creatinine-standardized urinary estrogens (estrone and estradiol) and 13 hydroxylated estrogen metabolites were measured in spot urines by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The fecal microbiome was assessed using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons. General linear models were used to test for associations of diversity and composition of the fecal microbiome with parent estrogen (estrone + estradiol), total estrogens, and estrogen metabolites and the ratio of estrogen metabolites to parent estrogen, which has been predictive of postmenopausal breast cancer risk in previous studies. The ratio of metabolites to parents was directly associated with whole-tree phylogenetic diversity (R = 0.35, P = .01). Relative abundances of the order Clostridiales (R = 0.32, P = .02) and the genus Bacteroides (R = -0.30, P = .03) were also correlated with the ratio of metabolites to parents. Associations were independent of age, body mass index, and study design factors. Our data suggest that women with a more diverse gut microbiome exhibit an elevated urinary ratio of hydroxylated estrogen metabolites to parent estrogen. Further research is warranted to confirm and relate these findings to clinical disease. | 25,211,668 | [
0.06041091,
0.2111256,
0.06635228,
0.05867779,
-0.01143927,
-0.3378858,
-0.1230098,
0.3737628,
0.02647677,
-0.08694622,
0.162406,
0.2618492,
0.1092177,
-0.05927265,
-0.4891623,
0.0561195,
-0.2853969,
0.2755273,
0.2846538,
-0.2379599,
-0.08823688,
0.1766006,
-0.2020234,
... |
Process of speech acquisition and development of autistic children with or without autistic regression. | To compare the trajectory of acquisition speech and development of autistic children with or without autistic regression. The sample consisted of 64 children, aged 3-10 years, of both genders, diagnosed by a multidisciplinary team with autism. In the analysis were investigated during the interview: mention whether or not the episode regression speech reported by parents; number of words produced in a minimum period of three months prior to detection of regression; mention whether or not the episode regression social behaviors concomitant arrest in speech, verbal and production at three years of age. We adopted a significance level of 5% for statistical analysis. Thirty one percent of children had speech regression. These, 100% showed regression of social behaviors. Mean words produced before the detection regression were five. The groups did not show difference on the period of acquisition and development of speech. It was possible to compare the trajectory speech development of children with or without regression. And we did not find that the children affected by autistic regression period show more positive clinical outcome in relation to the production of speech. | 25,211,684 | [
-0.1437061,
0.1688494,
-0.03936573,
-0.08477397,
0.0216987,
-0.4779314,
-0.4765258,
0.08760085,
-0.05722751,
-0.1721459,
-0.07724333,
0.4130947,
-0.3449417,
-0.4868027,
0.207436,
0.04794359,
-0.1699321,
0.0122638,
0.05842679,
-0.1717315,
0.3115078,
0.01202307,
-0.1350672,... |
Communication difficulties perceived by parents of children with developmental disorders. | The child's inclusion in his/her social-cultural context is very important to his/her adaptation and well-being. The family has a major role as a facilitator of this process. Therefore the difficulties of these families in communicating with children with communication disorders are an important issue to be assessed in order to support orientations to families. The present study aimed to identify and compare communication difficulties perceived by parents of children with Down Syndrome (DS), Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Specific Language Impairment (SLI). Information was gathered with the use of a questionnaire with 24 questions regarding the perception of parents about their child communication disorders and the difficulties they identify. The questions were divided into four domains: 1 - Parents' personal difficulties; 2 - Parents' impression about themselves regarding their child; 3 - Parents' impressions about other persons' reactions to their child and 4 - Parents' impression about their child. Sixty parents were the subjects of this study: 20 had children with DS, 20 with SLI and 20 with ASD. All children had ages between 6 and 12 years. It was possible to observe that there was significant difference between the parents of ASD children with those of DS and SLI on the second, third and fourth domains. The questionnaire is effective to the identification of the communication disorders of ASD children based on their parents' reports but not to other developmental disorders. | 25,211,685 | [
-0.1841636,
0.1513988,
0.5959082,
-0.1514163,
0.1461218,
-0.06268088,
-0.1648999,
0.1017965,
0.01837927,
-0.1236238,
0.1538338,
-0.05619751,
-0.4319196,
-0.2611818,
-0.3324651,
-0.2911186,
-0.5826089,
0.3166567,
-0.3745376,
-0.3218902,
0.2391972,
0.2419667,
0.01778909,
... |
Computerized protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores: usability and validity. | To test the usability of Computerized Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation (OMES) protocol and analyze its validity. The study was divided into three stages: the first stage, production of the computerized version of OMES. The second stage was the validation of the user's interface, in which 100 OMES protocols of a database, filled in printed version, were transferred using the computerized instrument. Necessary changes to the system have occurred at this stage. In the third stage, usability of the OMES protocol in multimedia version, three evaluators transferred data from other 25 printed protocols from database for the computerized version, and the time to transfer the data of each protocol was computed and compared between examiners by one-way ANOVA. Moreover, these evaluators analyzed the usability of computerized protocol according to the "Ten principles of Heuristics usability" as described in the literature. The computerized protocol satisfied the principles of heuristics usability, according to the evaluation of the three Speech-Language Pathology evaluators, and the average time spent by the evaluators to transpose the data of each protocol to the software ranged from 3.1 ± 0.75 to 3.83 ± 0.91 minutes. The Computerized AMIOFE protocol is valid and had its usability/functionality confirmed. | 25,211,692 | [
-0.4653691,
0.08900499,
0.387463,
-0.2585541,
0.2248994,
-0.2615906,
0.03879442,
0.02690976,
0.3916046,
-0.127596,
0.08882778,
-0.1268757,
-0.3211176,
-0.2986309,
-0.3950839,
0.2620791,
-0.122996,
-0.2050288,
-0.5094567,
-0.06181654,
0.04823207,
0.1692726,
-0.2607628,
0... |
Treated wastewater irrigation: uptake of pharmaceutical and personal care products by common vegetables under field conditions. | Global water shortage is placing an unprecedented pressure on water supplies. Treated wastewater is a valuable water resource, but its reuse for agricultural irrigation faces a roadblock: the public concern over the potential accumulation of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) into human diet. In the present study, we measured the levels of 19 commonly occurring pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in 8 vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater under field conditions. Tertiary treated wastewater without or with a fortification of each PPCP at 250 ng/L, was used to irrigate crops until harvest. Plant samples at premature and mature stages were collected. Analysis of edible tissues showed a detection frequency of 64% and 91% in all vegetables from the treated wastewater and fortified water treatments, respectively. The edible samples from the two treatments contained the same PPCPs, including caffeine, meprobamate, primidone, DEET, carbamazepine, dilantin, naproxen, and triclosan. The total concentrations of PPCPs detected in edible tissues from the treated wastewater and fortified irrigation treatments were in the range of 0.01-3.87 and 0.15-7.3 ng/g (dry weight), respectively. Annual exposure of PPCPs from the consumption of mature vegetables irrigated with the fortified water was estimated to be only 3.69 μg per capita. Results from the present study showed that the accumulation of PPCPs in vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater was likely limited under field conditions. | 25,211,705 | [
-0.07171737,
-0.07202278,
0.05533675,
0.04124478,
0.02909461,
-0.2183618,
-0.1833816,
0.05931186,
0.09459572,
-0.3755445,
-0.2071094,
0.2375537,
-0.1101753,
0.3253513,
-0.2016178,
0.06842482,
-0.6224788,
0.07894661,
-0.2791044,
-0.02353497,
-0.205542,
0.4796746,
-0.480993... |
Moving beyond misuse and diversion: the urgent need to consider the role of iatrogenic addiction in the current opioid epidemic. | An epidemic of drug overdose deaths has led to calls for programs and policies to limit misuse and diversion of opioid medications. Any parallel call to consider the risk of iatrogenic addiction when treating pain has been muted in comparison. We have moved beyond questions of nonmedical use, abuse, and diversion to highlight the role of prescription opioids in causing addiction even when prescribed and used appropriately. Unfortunately, current evidence is insufficient, and a rapid expansion of longitudinal research is urgently needed to guide clinicians in balancing the need for opioids with the risk of adverse consequences. Meanwhile, medical education should place greater emphasis on the abuse liability of prescription opioids, and providers should endeavor to attenuate risk when possible. | 25,211,712 | [
-0.3795157,
0.115038,
-0.1893956,
-0.1179221,
0.09845264,
-0.1322076,
0.1088479,
-0.09864616,
-0.07020131,
0.03104044,
0.1493689,
0.1402976,
0.03372674,
0.174898,
-0.1072505,
-0.07501126,
-0.2152532,
0.1141626,
0.02010754,
-0.1302504,
-0.0352142,
-0.08909758,
-0.0197336,
... |
The influence of race and comorbidity on the timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy among older persons living with HIV/AIDS. | We examined whether the timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) differed by race and comorbidity among older (≥ 50 years) people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We conducted frequency and descriptive statistics analysis to characterize our sample, which we drew from 2005-2007 Medicaid claims data from 14 states. We employed univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between race, comorbidity, and timely ART initiation (≤ 90 days post-HIV/AIDS diagnosis). Approximately half of the participants did not commence ART promptly. After we adjusted for covariates, we found that older PLWHA who reported a comorbidity were 40% (95% confidence interval = 0.26, 0.61) as likely to commence ART promptly. We found no racial differences in the timely initiation of ART among older PLWHA. Comorbidities affect timely ART initiation in older PLWHA. Older PLWHA may benefit from integrating and coordinating HIV care with care for other comorbidities and the development of ART treatment guidelines specific to older PLWHA. Consistent Medicaid coverage helps ensure consistent access to HIV treatment and care and may eliminate racial disparities in timely ART initiation among older PLWHA. | 25,211,735 | [
0.02159012,
-0.02869887,
-0.2732743,
-0.06965835,
0.06263767,
0.1022314,
0.1859538,
0.3256975,
0.1738398,
-0.0314411,
0.1253853,
0.3216645,
-0.01688367,
0.1077304,
-0.05255295,
-0.1235582,
0.0326053,
-0.00378164,
0.1642235,
-0.1079091,
-0.1098912,
0.3084988,
-0.3181043,
... |
Impact of county disadvantage on behavior problems among US children with cognitive delay. | We investigated relationships among cognitive delay, community factors, and behavior problems over 2 years in early childhood with a national sample of US families. Data were from 3 waves of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (2001-2005; n = 7650). We defined cognitive delay as the lowest 10% of mental scores from the Bayley Short Form-Research Edition, administered at 9 and 24 months. At 24 months, we classified children as typically developing or as having resolved, newly developed, or persistent cognitive delays. Behavior was measured at age 4 years with the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales (range = 0-36). Community factors included perceived neighborhood safety and an index of county disadvantage. Behavior scores at age 4 years (mean = 12.4; SD = 4.9) were higher among children with resolved (Β = 0.70; SE = 0.20), newly developed (Β = 1.92; SE = 0.25), and persistent (Β = 2.96; SE = 0.41) cognitive delays than for typically developing children. The interaction between county disadvantage and cognitive delay status was statistically significant (P < .01), suggesting that county disadvantage was particularly detrimental for children with persistent delays. The community context may provide an opportunity for public health interventions to improve the behavioral health of children with cognitive delays. | 25,211,742 | [
-0.05508223,
0.3276266,
-0.1007897,
-0.1333485,
0.2290065,
-0.1618246,
-0.3285535,
0.007905223,
0.09194551,
-0.05272321,
-0.03193687,
0.3617992,
-0.2449049,
-0.05690172,
-0.07194127,
-0.2306136,
-0.1046956,
0.2258787,
0.2725341,
0.06394668,
-0.05537341,
0.5217187,
0.25546... |
Sexually transmitted infections among incarcerated women: findings from a decade of screening in a Los Angeles County Jail, 2002-2012. | We describe and report findings from a screening program to identify sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV among female inmates in Los Angeles County Jail. Chlamydia and gonorrhea screening was offered to entering female inmates. Women were eligible if they were (1) aged 30 years or younger, or (2) pregnant or possibly pregnant, or (3) booked on prostitution or sex-related charges. Voluntary syphilis and HIV testing was offered to all women between 2006 and 2009. This analysis reports on data collected from 2002 through 2012. A total of 76,207 women participated in the program. Chlamydia prevalence was 11.4% and gonorrhea was 3.1%. Early syphilis was identified in 1.4% (141 of 9733) and the overall prevalence of HIV was 1.1% (83 of 7448). Treatment levels for early syphilis and HIV were high (99% and 100%, respectively), but only 56% of chlamydia and 58% of gonorrhea cases were treated. Screening incarcerated women in Los Angeles County revealed a high prevalence of STIs and HIV. These inmates represent a unique opportunity for the identification of STIs and HIV, although strategies to improve chlamydia and gonorrhea treatment rates are needed. | 25,211,762 | [
-0.2287707,
0.2971144,
-0.09026808,
0.09044079,
-0.1031636,
-0.0888318,
-0.332898,
-0.07361615,
0.3102209,
-0.04864229,
0.154336,
0.02889806,
-0.1671021,
0.4484101,
-0.02903103,
-0.1287452,
-0.1845705,
0.02823727,
0.005056451,
-0.2277657,
0.2075745,
0.2174292,
-0.2180988,... |
OVA-bound nanoparticles induce OVA-specific IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b responses with low IgE synthesis. | There is an urgent requirement for a novel vaccine that can stimulate immune responses without unwanted toxicity, including IgE elevation. We examined whether antigen ovalbumin (OVA) conjugated to the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) (OVA-NPs) with average diameter of 110nm would serve as an immune adjuvant. When BALB/c mice were immunized with OVA-NPs, they developed sufficient levels of OVA-specific IgG1 antibody responses with low levels of IgE synthesis, representing helper T (Th)2-mediated humoral immunity. OVA-specific IgG2a and IgG2b responses (i.e., Th1-mediated immunity) were also induced by secondary immunization with OVA-NPs. As expected, immunization with OVA in alum (OVA-alum) stimulated humoral immune responses, including IgG1 and IgE antibodies, with only low levels of IgG2a/IgG2b antibodies. CD4-positive T cells from mice primed with OVA-NPs produced substantial levels of IL-21 and IL-4, comparable to those from OVA-alum group. The irradiated mice receiving OVA-NPs-primed B cells together with OVA-alum-primed T cells exhibited enhanced anti-OVA IgG2b responses relative to OVA-alum-primed B cells and T cells following stimulation with OVA-NPs. Moreover, when OVA-NPs-primed, but not OVA-alum-primed, B cells were cultured in the presence of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, IL-4, and IL-21, or LPS plus TGF-β in vitro, OVA-specific IgG1 or IgG2b antibody responses were elicited, suggesting that immunization with OVA-NPs modulates B cells to generate IgG1 and IgG2b responses. Thus, OVA-NPs might exert their adjuvant action on B cells, and they represent a promising potential vaccine for generating both IgG1 and IgG2a/IgG2b antibody responses with low IgE synthesis. | 25,211,769 | [
0.1356182,
-0.01503013,
-0.2744644,
0.186379,
-0.007906721,
0.05366378,
-0.145671,
-0.05988805,
-0.2191267,
0.2408431,
-0.00228995,
0.04572835,
-0.1358961,
-0.1359196,
-0.493383,
0.05127232,
-0.2333622,
-0.04869324,
-0.1474561,
0.1331463,
0.1799892,
0.402919,
-0.1617955,
... |
The structural basis of ATP as an allosteric modulator. | Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) is generally regarded as a substrate for energy currency and protein modification. Recent findings uncovered the allosteric function of ATP in cellular signal transduction but little is understood about this critical behavior of ATP. Through extensive analysis of ATP in solution and proteins, we found that the free ATP can exist in the compact and extended conformations in solution, and the two different conformational characteristics may be responsible for ATP to exert distinct biological functions: ATP molecules adopt both compact and extended conformations in the allosteric binding sites but conserve extended conformations in the substrate binding sites. Nudged elastic band simulations unveiled the distinct dynamic processes of ATP binding to the corresponding allosteric and substrate binding sites of uridine monophosphate kinase, and suggested that in solution ATP preferentially binds to the substrate binding sites of proteins. When the ATP molecules occupy the allosteric binding sites, the allosteric trigger from ATP to fuel allosteric communication between allosteric and functional sites is stemmed mainly from the triphosphate part of ATP, with a small number from the adenine part of ATP. Taken together, our results provide overall understanding of ATP allosteric functions responsible for regulation in biological systems. | 25,211,773 | [
-0.05873672,
0.2458457,
-0.08557621,
-0.07105657,
0.1476319,
-0.1151998,
-0.07286797,
0.2709325,
0.2304164,
0.008254399,
0.08582815,
-0.05150419,
-0.1593133,
0.2557491,
-0.3151467,
0.3514219,
-0.3151248,
-0.008689287,
-0.3008265,
-0.09042635,
0.5173204,
0.1739956,
-0.2303... |
The evaluation of the impact of a stand-biased desk on energy expenditure and physical activity for elementary school students. | Due to the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, the association between classroom furniture and energy expenditure as well as physical activity was examined using a standing-desk intervention in three central-Texas elementary schools. Of the 480 students in the 24 classrooms randomly assigned to either a seated or stand-biased desk equipped classroom, 374 agreed to participate in a week-long data collection during the fall and spring semesters. Each participant's data was collected using Sensewear® armbands and was comprised of measures of energy expenditure (EE) and step count. A hierarchical linear mixed effects model showed that children in seated desk classrooms had significantly lower (EE) and fewer steps during the standardized lecture time than children in stand-biased classrooms after adjusting for grade, race, and gender. The use of a standing desk showed a significant higher mean energy expenditure by 0.16 kcal/min (p < 0.0001) in the fall semester, and a higher EE by 0.08 kcal/min (p = 0.0092) in the spring semester. | 25,211,776 | [
0.1604384,
0.4828579,
-0.2370622,
0.1665444,
-0.1264109,
-0.2741026,
-0.3109537,
-0.127133,
0.1665185,
-0.1409121,
-0.03397114,
0.002090232,
0.02373283,
-0.09078819,
-0.4859024,
0.07022484,
0.08863457,
0.1883659,
-0.3612851,
0.01148712,
-0.1850681,
0.249796,
0.02079342,
... |
Closely consider finances, staffing when expanding office hours. | As primary care practices consider transforming to the Patient Centered Medical Home framework, one of the key concepts is increasing practice availability to patients. Adding nontraditional hours is worth exploring to meet patient needs and increase profitability. | 25,211,839 | [
-0.2073494,
0.3057308,
-0.1962145,
0.144776,
0.1839246,
-0.02991324,
-0.02179308,
0.02713151,
-0.0143904,
0.0634516,
-0.1007239,
-0.1493365,
0.008737441,
-0.2528428,
-0.3463221,
-0.1481377,
-0.05664108,
0.1402338,
-0.1169537,
-0.1832154,
0.02146188,
-0.03323638,
0.1058348... |
History of the child health and development book. Part 2: 1945-2000. | This is the second part of a historical review of the New Zealand child health and development record book (also known as the Well Child/Tamariki Ora Health book or Plunket book). It focuses on the years between 1945 and 2000. The first article highlighted how the book documented the development of "scientific mothering", which marginalized women-generated mothering knowledge. The present article highlights how during the reviewed time period women began to challenge notions of "scientific mothering", these changes are signaled in the content of the Well Child/Tamariki Ora Health book over time. In addition, women's movements, such as LaLeche league and Parent Centre, reflected significant societal changes during this era in relation to mothering and child-rearing practices, the influence of which had a significant impact on the Plunket book's development. However, tensions between health professionals and women in relation to the value placed on types of knowledge continued to exist as evidenced by the language employed in the Plunket books throughout the time period reviewed. Being mindful of the tensions that exist between competing discourses and knowledge sources is important as they call us to engage with how we value and develop our relationships with women and mothers as health care professionals. | 25,211,915 | [
-0.2987196,
0.1650986,
-0.007094166,
-0.1837035,
-0.05675895,
-0.2124156,
-0.4385926,
0.2336379,
0.05751948,
-0.1205797,
0.1118909,
0.14358,
-0.1614113,
-0.2950054,
-0.2429825,
-0.288338,
-0.3128055,
0.2149204,
-0.1453853,
-0.1302771,
0.2700482,
0.3931577,
-0.5626534,
0... |
[Prognostic value of ki-67 and vimentin markers in patients with metastatic kidney cancer]. | The study was aimed to determine the role of ki- 67 and vimentin markers in choosing the tactics of surgical treatment of patients with metastatic kidney cancer. The analysis of the results of treatment of 71 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma was performed. The first group included 16 (22.5%) patients, who underwent complete removal of distant metastases after nephrectomy. The second group consisted of 55 (77.5 %) patients who underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy only. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissues removed were performed in all patients for the evaluation of ki-67 and vimentin expression levels. When comparing the outcomes of patients after complete removal of metastases depending on the vimentin and ki-67 expression levels (< 10% and > 10%), a significant increase in the cumulative survival in the case of absence of vimentin and ki-67 expression of <10 % (log - rank test, P = 0.0001) was revealed. The same pattern was noted in the group of patients who underwent nephrectomy only. In the absence of expression of vimentin and ki-67 < 10%, survival rate in patients who underwent metastasectomy after nephrectomy was significantly higher compared with patients who underwent nephrectomy only (P = 0.001). In the case of positive expression of vimentin and ki-67 > 10%, differences in survival rate in these groups were not observed (P > 0.082). Thus, an association between the vimentin and ki-67 expression levels and the degree of spread of metastatic renal cell carcinoma was identified: the high level of expression of these markers precludes the increase of life expectancy of patients after removal of all metastases. | 25,211,928 | [
0.105927,
-0.04788515,
-0.03575267,
-0.2578418,
0.2635649,
-0.4771938,
-0.03884951,
0.06106867,
-0.147312,
0.1189925,
0.1078843,
0.3555495,
-0.1545082,
-0.3352534,
-0.6565706,
-0.5367483,
-0.05102305,
0.4364297,
0.3077754,
0.3518224,
0.4681328,
0.2467851,
-0.2832445,
0.... |
[Features of endoscopic surgical treatment of urolithiasis in overweight patients]. | The article presents the results of endoscopic and nephrolithotripsy and ureterolithotripsy in 73 overweight patients (body mass index of over 30 kg/m2) with kidney stones and urinary tract infections of different locations compared with 30 patients without obesity. The features of choice of tactics of surgical treatment and access, possible complications and their prevention are described. | 25,211,929 | [
0.05643563,
0.07324353,
-0.07217564,
0.01052355,
-0.1345163,
-0.4158402,
-0.5040686,
-0.4491729,
-0.07061659,
0.3331779,
0.1601788,
0.04773676,
0.06034757,
-0.2633502,
-0.5659309,
-0.08338222,
-0.3480974,
0.0987606,
0.0120225,
-0.02016156,
0.1256445,
0.1261487,
-0.4198601... |
[Crystal structures of plant uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases]. | Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the transfer of a sugar residue of an activated sugar donor to an acceptor molecule. Many families 1 GTs utilize an uridine diphosphate (UDP) activated sugar as donor in the glycosylation reaction, and most of these belong to a group of GTs referred to as the UGTs. The relationship between the degree of amino acid sequence identity and substrate specificity of the plant UGTs is highly complicated, and the prediction of substrate specificity based on phylogenetic analyses need to be improved by more biochemical characterization. This review summarizes the three dimensional structures of plant UGTs published in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), including the detailed substrate interactions with the sugar and receptor binding pockets and mutational analyses of some critical amino acids. It will be helpful for biochemical characterization the substrate specificity of the individual UGT, and lay the foundation for the enzymatic and genetic manipulation of plant UGTs in the future. | 25,212,002 | [
0.0466876,
-0.04800224,
-0.07372846,
0.0723283,
0.3253329,
-0.2664544,
-0.033889,
0.3137268,
0.1471182,
0.0755904,
0.4435356,
-0.1144765,
-0.1198987,
-0.003744341,
-0.3123091,
0.2923011,
-0.2288917,
0.1535365,
0.1030285,
-0.03385714,
0.3326338,
0.5375434,
-0.5262018,
0.... |
[High-efficiency expression of a receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike protein in tobacco chloroplasts]. | Chloroplast-based expression system is promising for the hyper-expression of plant-derived recombinant therapeutic proteins and vaccines. To verify the feasibility of obtaining high-level expression of the SARS subunit vaccine and to provide a suitable plant-derived vaccine production platform against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), a 193-amino acid fragment of SARS CoV spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), fused with the peptide vector cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), was expressed in tobacco chloroplasts. Codon-optimized CTB-RBD sequence was integrated into the chloroplast genome and homoplasmy was obtained, as confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Western blot showed expression of the recombinant fusion protein mostly in soluble monomeric form. Quantification of the recombinant fusion protein CTB-RBD was conducted by ELISA analysis from the transplastomic leaves at different developmental stages, attachment positions and time points in a day and the different expression levels of the CTB-RBD were observed with the highest expression of 10.2% total soluble protein obtained from mature transplastomic leaves. Taken together, our results demonstrate the feasibility of highly expressing SARS subunit vaccine RBD, indicating its potential in subsequent development of a plant-derived recombinant subunit vaccine and reagents production for antibody detection in SARS serological tests. | 25,212,009 | [
0.2435237,
0.03198911,
-0.2003696,
0.3628313,
0.02801587,
-0.08279253,
-0.02374347,
0.1771877,
-0.05443162,
0.2011809,
0.2849337,
0.08879687,
-0.06537843,
-0.06218183,
0.0566143,
-0.2337054,
-0.386635,
0.05520558,
0.03840604,
-0.09073987,
0.4720858,
0.4854019,
-0.2535025,... |
[Effect of beclin1 on vincristine-induced dopaminergic neurons injury in zebrafish]. | To investigate vincristine-induced dopaminergic neurons toxicity and mechanism, and explore the molecular target to reduce the toxicity, zebrafish was chosen as a model animal, based on RT-PCR, Western blotting, whole mount in situ immunofluorescence and other technical means. The results showed that the transcription levels of tyrosine hydroxylase gene and dopamine transporter protein gene were inhibited. Furthermore, the number of dopaminergic neurons was decreased by vincristine. Autophagy was suppressed and beclin1 gene expression was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by vincristine in larval zebrafish. Up-regulated beclin1 partly reduced vincristine-induced neurotoxicity, and down-regulated beclin1 increased toxicity. Beclin1 plays an important role in vincristine-induced dopaminergic neurons toxicity. | 25,212,030 | [
-0.2555383,
-0.06127134,
-0.1056809,
-0.2389286,
0.1491438,
-0.3930513,
-0.2729751,
-0.08793882,
-0.004223874,
0.3111104,
0.5168656,
0.2583801,
-0.0224586,
0.2320068,
-0.1851185,
0.02082892,
-0.7307405,
0.5332449,
0.1585737,
0.1506789,
0.2134965,
0.3087097,
-0.1452281,
... |
[Anti-tumor activity and mechanism of T03 in vitro and in vivo]. | The purpose of this study is to investigate the activity and mechanism of a new anti-tumor agent T03. MTT and colony formation assay were performed to determine anti-proliferation activity of T03 in vitro. Antitumor activity was observed by Renca xenograft model in vivo. The effect of T03 on cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by FCM analysis. Western blotting was performed to investigate the expression level of proteins in HepG2 cell lines treated with T03. T03 had anti-tumor activity by inhibiting tumor cell growth and colony formation in vitro, especially on hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). At the concentration of 10 micromol x L(-1), T03 induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HCC. Moreover, it proved that T03 reduced the tumor weight with the rate of 42.30% without any obviously side effect in Renca xenograft model. At the concentration of 2.0 micromol x L(-1), T03 was able to reduce the level of p-c-Raf (Ser259), and thus blocked Raf/MEK/ERK and AKT signaling in HepG2 cell lines. The result suggested that T03 has the potential to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, particularly active against HCC, indicating T03 and its analogues may serve as a new anti-cancer drug against hepatocellular carcinoma. | 25,212,033 | [
0.0381908,
-0.1048375,
-0.1732038,
-0.06713517,
0.1097427,
0.04145569,
0.2080427,
0.06798861,
0.0684866,
0.3340313,
-0.2103343,
0.3689471,
0.07113817,
0.08515102,
-0.1395154,
-0.3346987,
-0.03665069,
-0.02737318,
0.08080796,
0.2346318,
0.2503348,
0.1765648,
-0.2944975,
... |
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization and bacteremia in patients with hematological malignancies. | We retrospectively evaluated the rates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization and VRE-related infections in patients with hematological malignancies. All patients in the hematology department of the Ministry of Health Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, an 800-bed tertiary hospital in İstanbul, Turkey, older than 14 years of age and who developed febrile neutropenia during chemotherapy for hematological cancers between November 2010 and November 2012 were evaluated in this retrospective observational study. A total of 282 neutropenic episodes in 126 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The mean patient age was 51.73 ± 14.4 years (range: 17-82 years), and 66 cases occurred in male patients. The mean Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer score of patients with hematological malignancies was 17.18 ± 8.27. Fifty (39.68%) patients were colonized with VRE, and the mean number of VRE colonization days per patient was 34.27 ± 13.12 days. Only two patients developed VRE bacteremia: a male patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who survived the infection, and a female patient with acute myeloid leukemia who died from VRE bacteremia. Patients with hematological malignancies accompanied by VRE colonization should be expected to develop VRE- or vancomycin-sensitive enterococci-related bacteremia under certain conditions, which include the development of severe mucositis, invasive procedures, and the use of intensive broad-spectrum antibiotics, even if infection control measures are implemented properly. | 25,212,075 | [
-0.1305815,
-0.5151239,
-0.02801684,
-0.3392426,
-0.1318686,
-0.3311753,
0.302448,
0.07436922,
-0.4644134,
-0.03121025,
0.01685678,
-0.0267828,
-0.03870788,
0.1983417,
-0.1568022,
-0.2114668,
-0.4215433,
0.3626696,
-0.1349099,
-0.1388399,
0.004351656,
0.08143565,
0.085392... |
Protein-binding and antioxidant potential of phenolics of mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana). | Phenolics were extracted from mangosteen fruit parts with 70% (v/v) aqueous acetone. The yield of crude extracts of phenolics (CP) ranged from 5.8% to 7.9%. The total phenolics (TPH) content ranged from 9.3mg to over 250mg of gallic acid equivalents per g of extract in the edible aril and skin, respectively. The formation of phenolic-protein complexes was assayed by both the dye-labelled bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the fluorescence quenching methods. Phenolics from peel and rind displayed a strong protein-precipitating potential. On the other hand, phenolics from edible aril exhibited greater affinity for BSA, as determined by the fluorescence quenching assay. The static quenching was the dominant mode of quenching of BSA fluorescence by mangosteen fruit phenolics. Mangosteen phenolics occupied two binding sites on BSA molecules located most likely in or near both tryptophan residues in the BSA molecule acting as an intrinsic fluorescence probe. | 25,212,134 | [
0.2054881,
-0.2059188,
0.1340586,
-0.3158053,
0.0623369,
0.3144262,
-0.1729681,
0.2098111,
0.2568478,
-0.1797348,
0.07846567,
0.3561966,
0.03877716,
-0.02103138,
-0.7846519,
0.199882,
-0.7663671,
0.2406547,
-0.04391455,
0.315858,
0.2162939,
0.2257604,
-0.2648342,
-0.311... |
Antioxidant effect of fractions from chicken breast and beef loin homogenates in phospholipid liposome systems. | The antioxidant effects of meat fractions from chicken breast and beef loin were compared. Five meat fractions - homogenate (H), precipitate (P), supernatant (S), high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) fractions - were prepared from chicken breast or beef loin. Each of the fractions were added to a phospholipid liposome model system containing catalysts (metmyoglobin, ferrous and ferric ion) or iron chelating agents to determine the effects of each fraction on the development of lipid oxidation during incubation at 37°C for 120min. All fractions from chicken breast showed stronger antioxidant effects against iron-catalyzed lipid oxidation than those from beef loin. Iron chelating capacity of water-soluble LMW and water-insoluble (P) fractions from both meats were responsible for their high antioxidant capacities. High concentration of myoglobin, which served as a source of various catalysts, was partially responsible for the high susceptibility of beef loin to lipid oxidation. Storage-stable ferric ion reducing capacity (FRC) was detected in all fractions from both meats, and was a rate-limiting factor for lipid oxidation in the presence of free ionic iron. Higher antioxidant capacity and lower myoglobin content in chicken breast were primarily responsible for its higher oxidative stability than beef loin. DTPA-unchelatable compounds, such as ferrylmyoglobin and/or hematin were the major catalysts for lipid oxidation in beef loin, but free ionic iron and storage-stable FRC also played important roles during prolonged storage. | 25,212,135 | [
0.2212063,
0.07580095,
-0.08564769,
-0.1206837,
-0.0189219,
0.09846891,
0.05487053,
0.1070517,
-0.1683132,
-0.1676477,
0.02593446,
0.3007402,
0.01735295,
-0.005998006,
-0.2023663,
-0.1275023,
-0.6610969,
0.1572677,
0.4038208,
-0.1044119,
0.2085141,
0.06717971,
-0.2268459,... |
Inhibition of melanosis formation in Pacific white shrimp by the extract of lead (Leucaena leucocephala) seed. | Lead (Leucaena leucocephala) seed extract was prepared using distilled water as a medium. An extraction yield of 26.16g/100g of seed was obtained after extraction at room temperature for 12h. Total phenolic and mimosine contents in the lead seed extract powder (LSEP) were 17.4g GAE/100g and 8.8g/100g, respectively. LSEP at different concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%, w/v) showed inhibitory activity towards polyphenoloxidase (PPO) of Pacific white shrimp in a dose dependent manner. When the whole Pacific white shrimp were treated with 0.25% and 0.5% (w/v) LSEP, the shrimp treated with 0.5% LSEP had the lower melanosis score throughout the storage of 12days and showed a higher score for colour and odour, as well as overall likeness, compared with the control (without treatment) and 1.25% sodium metabisulphite treated samples at day 12 (P<0.05). Meat of shrimps treated with LSEP at both levels had the increase in mimosine content up to 8days, suggesting the migration of mimosine into shrimp muscle during extended storage. Therefore, 0.5% LSEP can be used as a novel melanosis inhibitor for Pacific white shrimp. | 25,212,152 | [
-0.3128332,
-0.1273198,
0.06538171,
-0.3282427,
0.03913781,
0.03799308,
0.03194218,
0.01422994,
-0.1814258,
-0.4681775,
0.01999254,
0.4293315,
-0.08583768,
-0.4112765,
-0.4877193,
0.2272997,
-0.2672555,
0.1844989,
0.1314592,
0.4604373,
0.403601,
0.3055733,
-0.3491772,
0... |
Antifungal activities of triterpenoids from the roots of Astilbe myriantha Diels. | During a search for plant extracts that possess activity against the fungi that cause diseases in plants, a 95% ethanol extract from the roots of Astilbe myriantha Diels showed inhibitory activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the 95% ethanol extract led to the isolation of seven triterpenoids (1-7). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy and by a comparison with literature data. Among these compounds, 3β,6β,24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid (7) was the most active inhibitor of C. gloeosporioides, with >68.0% inhibition at 100mg/ml after 72h. Moreover, compound 7 displayed broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubens, C. gloeosporioides, Penicillium citrinum, Colletotrichum lagenarium, and Penicillium digitatum, with EC50 values ranging from 13.9 to 34.0μg/ml. The potential of compound 7 as a fungicide is therefore promising. In addition, compound 1 was found to be a new triterpenoid, 3β,6β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-7α,27α-olide, which possesses six rings. | 25,212,161 | [
-0.2431426,
-0.06230933,
0.02991998,
-0.2118395,
0.05501322,
0.5451705,
-0.2415379,
-0.2285251,
0.09360927,
-0.1439413,
-0.1907926,
0.0628226,
0.1360739,
-0.2191713,
-0.5238,
0.3096597,
-0.3745722,
0.4306556,
-0.1538234,
0.4597074,
0.2630235,
0.4478211,
0.07333075,
-0.0... |
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on bioaccessibility, as well as antioxidant activity, mineral and starch contents in Granny Smith apple. | The aim of this work was to study the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the bioaccessibility of specific nutrients (antioxidant, minerals and starch) in apple and to establish processing conditions that maximise the health benefits. The apple was pressurised at 500MPa during 2, 4, 8 and 10min. The antioxidant activity, mineral and starch content and bioaccessibility of apple samples were significantly affected by the processing and digestion conditions. Therefore, these results indicated that in vitro digestion has a noticeable effect on the antioxidant concentration, IC50, with much lower values (a smaller IC50 value corresponds to a higher antioxidant activity) of apple samples compared with those untreated and non-digestion. Apple has the highest calcium content (30.33±1.94mg/100g), iron (14.46±3.49mg/100g) and zinc (6.22±0.91mg/100g). High hydrostatic pressure increased the mineral contents availability by 2.11-303.00% for calcium, 4.63-10.93% for iron and 8.68-28.93% for zinc. The dialysability and solubility of calcium, iron and zinc with respect to the values for the untreated sample were reduced by this high pressure technique. Consumption of apple under high hydrostatic pressure may supply substantial antioxidants, mineral and starch, which may provide health promoting and disease preventing effects. | 25,212,164 | [
-0.2329651,
-0.2272258,
-0.2121618,
-0.03706133,
-0.2816536,
0.1459515,
-0.228142,
-0.1595453,
0.1145038,
-0.1743214,
-0.01343428,
-0.09028338,
-0.07446206,
-0.5113456,
-0.9277012,
-0.3597889,
-0.1879391,
-0.007345123,
-0.1081494,
-0.008134109,
-0.1634565,
0.02418054,
-0.... |
Perceptions of mental illness among Muslim general practitioners in South Africa. | Mental health literacy on the part of medical practitioners is an important component of mental healthcare. General practitioners (GPs) are typically the first doctors consulted by a person who is ill. Exploration of their perceptions regarding mental illness, aetiological issues and treatment is important. To investigate perceptions of mental illness in a sample of ten South African Muslim GPs (five male, five female) in the Lenasia area (Johannesburg, South Africa). Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with each GP. The questionnaire encompassed 37 questions relating to the context in which the GPs practised, perceptions of mental illness, understanding of religion and culture, and treatment of mental illness (including aspects of spiritual illness). Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. Six dominant themes were identified, namely GPs' understanding of mental illness and its causation; stigma, secrecy and somatisation; the beneficial effects of religion in mental illnesses; perceptions of spiritual illnesses; collaboration with traditional healers; and collaboration with psychiatrists and psychologists. Greater awareness regarding the stigmatisation of mental illness is needed. Furthermore, it is important that healthcare professionals have an understanding of religious and cultural taxonomies of illness as well as the use of traditional healing as a mode of treatment. Participants identified a need for increased collaboration between healthcare professionals, including traditional healers. | 25,212,202 | [
-0.1743161,
0.09664213,
0.1833928,
-0.2493457,
0.03426484,
0.2387049,
-0.283402,
-0.2211105,
0.06507593,
-0.09056026,
0.05859857,
-0.04304371,
-0.278262,
-0.0381505,
0.07198184,
0.4219163,
-0.4729187,
0.02277648,
-0.2759826,
0.06972304,
0.3073572,
0.1817798,
-0.205847,
... |
Reliability and accuracy of the South African Triage Scale when used by nurses in the emergency department of Timergara Hospital, Pakistan. | Triage is one of the core requirements for the provision of effective emergency care and has been shown to reduce patient mortality. However, in low- and middle-income countries this strategy is underused, under-resourced and poorly researched. To assess the inter- and intra-rater reliability and accuracy of nurse triage ratings when using the South African Triage Scale (SATS) in an emergency department (ED) in Timergara, Pakistan. Fifteen ED nurses assigned triage ratings to a set of 42 reference vignettes (written case reports of ED patients) under classroom conditions. Inter-rater reliability was assessed by comparing these triage ratings; intra-rater reliability was assessed by asking the nurses to re-triage 10 random vignettes from the original set of 42 vignettes and comparing these duplicate ratings. Accuracy of the nurse ratings was measured against the reference standard. Inter-rater reliability was substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 - 0.85). The intra-rater agreement was also high with 87% exact agreement (95% CI 67 - 100) and 100% agreement allowing for a one-level discrepancy in triage ratings. Overall, the SATS had high specificity (97%) and moderate sensitivity (70%). Across all acuity levels the proportion of over-triage did not exceed the acceptable threshold of 30 - 50%. Under-triage was acceptable for all except emergency cases (66%). ED nurses in Pakistan can reliably use the SATS to assign triage acuity ratings. While the tool is accurate for 'very urgent' and 'routine' cases, importantly, it may under-triage 'emergency' cases requiring immediate attention. Approaches that will improve accuracy and validity are discussed. | 25,212,207 | [
0.1931315,
0.03957229,
0.06816666,
-0.1420068,
0.1694268,
-0.1571151,
-0.1195237,
-0.1142657,
-0.04298463,
-0.2165156,
0.07488749,
0.2287962,
-0.2764565,
0.2095761,
-0.06588101,
-0.658581,
-0.1767323,
-0.07294267,
-0.4466028,
-0.06310581,
0.01612566,
0.4740792,
0.09172463... |
Maternal educational level and children's healthy eating behaviour: role of the home food environment (cross-sectional results from the INPACT study). | The aims of this study are 1) to investigate the association between maternal educational level and healthy eating behaviour of 11-year-old children (fruit, vegetables and breakfast consumption), and 2) to examine whether factors in the home food environment (parental intake of fruit, vegetables and breakfast; rules about fruit and vegetables and home availability of fruit and vegetables) mediate these associations. Data were obtained from the Dutch INPACT study. In total, 1318 parent-child dyads were included in this study. Multilevel regression models were used to investigate whether factors of the home food environment mediated the association between maternal educational level and children's healthy eating behaviour. Children of mothers with a high educational level consumed more pieces of fruit per day (B = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04-0.22), more grams of vegetables per day (B = 23.81, 95% CI = 14.93-32.69) and were more likely to have breakfast on a daily basis (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.38-6.39) than children of mothers with a low educational level. Home availability, food consumption rules and parental consumption mediated the association between maternal education level and children's fruit and vegetable consumption. Parental breakfast consumption mediated the association between maternal education level and children's breakfast consumption. Factors in the home food environment play an important role in the explanation of socio-economic disparities in children's healthy eating behaviour and may be promising targets for interventions. | 25,212,228 | [
0.03818659,
0.5957941,
-0.3690156,
0.06391574,
0.1847861,
-0.1850481,
-0.3011022,
0.09960068,
-0.005334297,
-0.01380511,
0.1466785,
0.1993135,
-0.1558105,
-0.5656428,
-0.3138858,
-0.1713087,
-0.1884719,
0.5435389,
-0.2717299,
-0.08352372,
0.127324,
0.3847559,
-0.08815853,... |
Germacranolides and their diversity of Eupatorium heterophyllum collected in P. R. China. | Eight new hydroperoxides and a new enone of germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the aerial parts of eight different samples of Eupatorium heterophyllum DC. (Asteraceae) collected in P. R. China. The structures were determined based on spectroscopic analyses. Seven of the eight samples produced hiyodorilactone A as a major constituent, while one afforded neither hiyodorilactone nor hydroperoxide. The results indicated the presence of diversity within this species. | 25,212,243 | [
-0.1643452,
0.156518,
0.2276465,
-0.008704398,
0.05000976,
-0.01979376,
-0.4756546,
0.04326514,
0.1256571,
0.1494288,
0.07684083,
0.004439957,
0.1017679,
-0.2023191,
-0.1042255,
-0.06893525,
-0.2299514,
0.357777,
0.01446531,
0.1885857,
0.2545896,
0.2260144,
-0.06613258,
... |
Low-intensity aerobic exercise mitigates exercise-induced bronchoconstriction by improving the function of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells in asthmatic rats. | Exercise is one of the most common triggers of bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma. The low levels of circulating epinephrine produced by the adrenal medullary chromaffin cells (AMCCs) are associated with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in asthmatics. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that low-intensity aerobic exercise may ameliorate EIB using a rat model of asthma. Male Sprague-Dawley rats at 7 weeks of age, sensitized with ovalbumin or treated with saline, were subjected to low or moderate exercise training (50 or 75% of maximum velocity) for one hour in a treadmill 30 min after ovalbumin or saline inhalation. The exercise capacity, airway responsiveness, lung morphology, the morphological changes and endocrine function of AMCCs were measured in both groups of rats after exercise training for 6 weeks. Either low-intensity or moderate-intensity exercise mitigated EIB and increased exercise capacity in ovalbumin-sensitized (asthmatic) rats. Low-intensity aerobic exercise reduced the vacuolar degeneration degrees, lipid contents, neuronal peripherin and neurofilament-68 expression, demolished neurites, but increased the chromaffin granule density, endocrine chromogranin A and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase expression in the adrenal medullary tissues, accompanied by increased levels of circulating epinephrine and corticosterone, but decreased nerve growth factor in asthmatic rats. Finally, low-intensity aerobic exercise significantly reduced the relative levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphorylated cAMP responsive element-binding protein and the relative mRNA expression levels of downstream molecules, including c-FOS and c-JUN in the adrenal medullary of asthmatic rats. We suggest that low-intensity aerobic exercise improves the endocrine dysfunction of AMCCs and mitigates EIB. | 25,212,248 | [
-0.2168165,
-0.179339,
-0.2149969,
-0.3373838,
-0.01540563,
-0.411184,
-0.07490437,
0.09705976,
0.01053661,
0.04794322,
-0.008495342,
-0.1325336,
-0.1584775,
-0.04955519,
0.2484567,
0.1921789,
-0.3651601,
0.1667669,
-0.04383333,
0.2077147,
-0.3938459,
0.1922052,
-0.087960... |
The intergenerational transmission of ethnic essentialism: how parents talk counts the most. | The present study analyzed the role of parents as potential sources of children's essentialist beliefs about ethnicity. We tested 76 parent-child (5-year-olds) dyads of Jewish Israeli parents from three social groups, defined by the kindergartens children attended: national religious, secular, or Jewish-Arab integrated. We assessed parents' and children's beliefs, and parents' usage of ethnic attitudinal and categorization markers in a book-reading activity. Overall, national religious parents manifested the strongest ethnic essentialism and endorsement of anti-negotiations with Palestinians, and were the most likely to express negative attitudes and mark ethnic categories in their conversations with their children. Moreover, regression analyses revealed that ethnic categorization in parents' speech was the most reliable predictor of children's ethnic essentialism. Ethnic essentialism is transmitted to children not via explicit communication of intergroup beliefs or attitudes, but rather via the sheer marking of categories in ways that resonate with children's own intuitive ways of conceptualizing the social world. | 25,212,249 | [
-0.09769796,
0.3761612,
0.1790734,
-0.2447612,
0.1153677,
-0.3527996,
-0.1815494,
0.2728007,
0.4777119,
0.04594783,
-0.06720079,
0.2258247,
-0.2747682,
-0.1864537,
-0.00787819,
0.02953824,
-0.4379587,
0.06348905,
-0.263295,
-0.2179822,
0.2633199,
0.09336437,
-0.1482972,
... |
Observational studies of the association between glucose-lowering medications and cardiovascular outcomes: addressing methodological limitations. | Recent years have witnessed a growing body of observational literature on the association between glucose-lowering treatments and cardiovascular disease. However, many of the studies are based on designs or analyses that inadequately address the methodological challenges involved. We reviewed recent observational literature on the association between glucose-lowering medications and cardiovascular outcomes and assessed the design and analysis methods used, with a focus on their ability to address specific methodological challenges. We describe and illustrate these methodological issues and their impact on observed associations, providing examples from the reviewed literature. We suggest approaches that may be employed to manage these methodological challenges. From the evaluation of 81 publications of observational investigations assessing the association between glucose-lowering treatments and cardiovascular outcomes, we identified the following methodological challenges: 1) handling of temporality in administrative databases; 2) handling of risks that vary with time and treatment duration; 3) definitions of the exposure risk window; 4) handling of exposures that change over time; and 5) handling of confounding by indication. Most of these methodological challenges may be suitably addressed through application of appropriate methods. Observational research plays an increasingly important role in the evaluation of the clinical effects of diabetes treatment. Implementation of appropriate research methods holds the promise of reducing the potential for spurious findings and the risk that the spurious findings will mislead the medical community about risks and benefits of diabetes medications. | 25,212,258 | [
-0.0746311,
-0.08856297,
-0.5012556,
-0.2007377,
0.0440291,
-0.2599416,
0.0167915,
0.2186525,
0.07399385,
-0.3096083,
-0.2247934,
0.01784742,
0.1460791,
-0.3384001,
-0.2381074,
0.04738656,
-0.1982341,
0.1259931,
-0.1623646,
0.2065394,
-0.07012545,
0.09983004,
-0.1402511,
... |
A vascular mechanism for high-sodium-induced insulin resistance in rats. | High sodium (HS) effects on hypertension are well established. Recent evidence implicates a relationship between HS intake and insulin resistance, even in the absence of hypertension. The aim of the current study was to determine whether loss of the vascular actions of insulin may be the driving factor linking HS intake to insulin resistance. Sprague Dawley rats were fed a control (0.31% wt/wt NaCl) or HS (8.00% wt/wt NaCl) diet for 4 weeks and subjected to euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (10 mU min(-1) kg(-1)) or constant-flow pump-perfused hindlimb studies following an overnight fast. A separate group of HS rats was given quinapril during the dietary intervention and subjected to euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp as above. HS intake had no effect on body weight or fat mass or on fasting glucose, insulin, endothelin-1 or NEFA concentrations. However, HS impaired whole body and skeletal muscle glucose uptake, in addition to a loss of insulin-stimulated microvascular recruitment. These effects were present despite enhanced insulin signalling (Akt) in both liver and skeletal muscle. Constant-flow pump-perfused hindlimb experiments revealed normal insulin-stimulated myocyte glucose uptake in HS-fed rats. Quinapril treatment restored insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment and muscle glucose uptake in vivo. HS-induced insulin resistance is driven by impaired microvascular responsiveness to insulin, and is not due to metabolic or signalling defects within myocytes or liver. These results imply that reducing sodium intake may be important not only for management of hypertension but also for insulin resistance, and highlight the vasculature as a potential therapeutic target in the prevention of insulin resistance. | 25,212,260 | [
-0.01955416,
0.1588036,
-0.417859,
-0.1014873,
0.1011236,
-0.2774095,
-0.1576486,
0.1311699,
-0.03117878,
-0.1848283,
0.2280414,
-0.002616398,
0.1150895,
-0.02964165,
-0.504418,
-0.08852679,
-0.1177211,
0.001358321,
-0.264184,
0.186067,
-0.2591509,
0.1166951,
-0.0457592,
... |
The mediating effect of 'bothersome' urinary incontinence on help-seeking intentions among community-dwelling women. | To explore the mediating effect of bother of urinary incontinence between urinary incontinence severity and help-seeking intentions and detect whether the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short Form could be a valid measure to delineate bothersome urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence is a common condition among women, which has a profound adverse effect on quality of life. However, many of them experiencing significant clinical symptoms do not seek medical help. A cross-sectional survey design. Women with urinary incontinence (N = 620) from three randomized selected community health service centres from May-October 2011 participated in the study. Data were collected using a pencil-and-paper questionnaire. Multivariate regression models were used to test the role of bother as a mediator in the relation between urinary incontinence severity and help-seeking intentions. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to find the best cut-off International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short Form score (range: 0-21) to delineate the bother of urinary incontinence. Bothersome urinary incontinence mediated the relationship between urinary incontinence severity and help-seeking intentions. Age and duration of urine leakage had a negative association on help-seeking intentions, while educational level and previous help-seeking behaviours had a positive association. Bother was a mediator in the relation between urinary incontinence severity and help-seeking intentions. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short Form was a discriminative measure to delineate the bothersome urinary incontinence. | 25,212,267 | [
0.08637885,
-0.04292962,
0.1648703,
-0.01975361,
0.3676628,
-0.1781146,
-0.1825051,
0.1096121,
0.05878871,
0.1385103,
0.1761404,
0.3382321,
-0.07015096,
-0.06037207,
-0.05887283,
-0.2326931,
-0.2700866,
0.3198371,
-0.4375114,
-0.2325969,
-0.04635878,
0.4453226,
0.1985951,... |
Delayed posterior circulation insufficiency in pediatric moyamoya disease. | Approximately 30% of patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) have presented with involvement of the posterior circulation, mainly the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Diagnosis of delayed progression of PCA stenosis in MMD may be difficult due to the diversity in clinical features. The goal of this study was to evaluate pediatric MMD patients with delayed PCA involvement after completion of revascularization of the anterior circulation. Forty-one pediatric MMD patients who underwent revascularization of the PCA territory due to delayed posterior circulation insufficiency MMD from 2006 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The average interval between the initial operation and the occipital artery (OA) procedure was 5.0 years. Common symptoms were headaches and transient visual symptoms. The decision to operate was made based on a combination of diagnostic tools. The results obtained with perfusion MRI, SPECT, MR angiography, and EEG supported posterior circulation insufficiency in 78, 41, 73, and 71% of patients, respectively. Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) using the OA was performed in 15 patients, and 26 patients received multiple burr hole trephination of the occipital area. All patients showed clinical improvement. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of delayed involvement of the PCA in pediatric MMD patients. The clinical decision regarding treatment should be based on a combination of symptomatology and the results obtained with various tools to assess whether the blood flow in the PCA territory is insufficient. Surgical treatment using indirect revascularization appears to be effective for patients with delayed PCA involvement. | 25,212,285 | [
0.06505078,
0.03820634,
0.1289694,
-0.1601843,
0.1338043,
-0.4663259,
-0.1275454,
0.1797025,
-0.2846979,
-0.2682112,
0.2045168,
0.4013005,
-0.3204741,
-0.281251,
-0.5279214,
0.03394942,
-0.4168061,
0.1428956,
0.04807046,
-0.07288728,
0.4721969,
0.1590151,
-0.09585501,
0... |
Advanced glycation end products inhibitors from Alpinia zerumbet rhizomes. | Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are major factors responsible for the complication of diabetes. The present study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory activities on fructosamine adduct and α-dicarbonyl formations by hexane extracts of various parts of Alpinia zerumbet. Furthermore, we isolated two previously known compounds, namely 5,6-dehydrokawain (DK) and dihydro-5,6-dehydrokawain (DDK). 8(17),12-Labdadiene-15,16-dial (labdadiene) was isolated for the first time from the rhizome of A. zerumbet. The results showed that labdadiene (IC50=51.06μg/mL) had similar activity to rutin and quercetin against fructosamine adduct. The inhibition of α-dicarbonyl compounds formation by labdadiene was significantly higher than that of DK and DDK. Our results indicate that labdadiene is a potent antiglycation agent which was found to inhibit AGEs formation in three different steps in the pathway. These data indicate that labdadiene could be used to prevent glycation-associated complications in diabetes. | 25,212,289 | [
-0.2614065,
0.02610193,
0.1921244,
0.3441899,
0.3296571,
0.1043213,
-0.2214255,
0.07796968,
0.4624285,
0.1170917,
0.2355136,
-0.1396305,
0.07718114,
-0.561874,
-0.1867069,
0.1508822,
-0.290894,
0.5584295,
0.2429077,
0.1145248,
0.1361408,
0.3446966,
-0.1821439,
-0.063125... |
Different tastants and low-caloric sweeteners induce differential effects on the release of satiety hormones. | Recent studies have found different types of taste receptors located along the intestine. However, the effect of tastants, and in particular sweet tastants, on satiety hormone release is still unknown. STC-1 cells were incubated with different concentrations of bitter, sour, sweet, salty, and umami tastants. After incubation with different time-periods, cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagons-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations were measured in the supernatant. All tastants increased the CCK levels both dose- and time-dependently. GLP-1 release dose-dependently increased after the addition of all tastants, with the exception of acetic acid. GLP-1 was released in a time-dependent manner after the addition of all tastants, but bitter tastants stimulated GLP-1 release only during the first 15min of exposure. All commercial sweeteners elevated CCK and GLP-1 levels, with Tagatesse exerting the strongest effects. Tastants, and in particular sweet, play a role in the regulation of satiety hormone release, both in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. | 25,212,292 | [
-0.04098215,
-0.3141773,
-0.3328833,
-0.05381778,
0.253672,
-0.1573312,
-0.2037594,
0.1338834,
0.09008583,
0.1736902,
0.07441461,
-0.06481384,
-0.1267822,
-0.3875796,
-0.2371151,
-0.2128132,
-0.2391503,
0.09313414,
0.2515509,
0.05593361,
0.1722764,
0.4575053,
-0.1515628,
... |
The use of β-glucan as a partial salt replacer in high pressure processed chicken breast meat. | The effect of various ingredients such as sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and β-glucan (BG) on the biochemical properties of chicken breast proteins during temperature assisted high pressure processing was studied. Total protein solubility revealed that 600MPa pressure and 40(o)C are critical for the denaturation of proteins in STPP samples. Increase in reactive sulfhydryl groups with pressure indicate the exposure of buried sulfhydryl groups. Hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl contents revealed that hydrophobic interaction and disulphide bond formation are responsible for gel formation. The study revealed that 40(o)C and 400/600MPa pressure is optimum for high pressure processing of chicken breast meat. Addition of β-glucan with reduced NaCl and in the absence of sodium tripolyphosphate could produce gels with similar properties to those with 2.5% NaCl addition. Hence it is proposed that β-glucan can be used to reduce NaCl content of chicken products produced by temperature assisted high pressure processing. | 25,212,297 | [
-0.04721748,
-0.1357272,
-0.007865803,
-0.2724381,
-0.3583825,
-0.1617521,
-0.1631766,
-0.1945664,
0.1106858,
-0.3001832,
0.06811509,
0.01310545,
-0.3200958,
0.08898254,
-0.1172671,
-0.07270651,
-0.7261251,
-0.3150305,
0.05954923,
-0.06171054,
0.1332708,
0.1756522,
0.0037... |
Screening of the polyphenol content of tomato-based products through accurate-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF). | Tomatoes, the second most important vegetable crop worldwide, are a key component in the so-called "Mediterranean diet" and its consumption has greatly increased worldwide over the past 2 decades, mostly due to a growing demand for tomato-based products such as ketchups, gazpachos and tomato juices. In this work, tomato-based products were analysed after a suitable work-up extraction procedure using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF) with negative ion detection using information-dependent acquisition (IDA) to determine their phenolic composition. The compounds were confirmed by accurate mass measurements in MS and MS(2) modes. The elemental composition was selected according to the accurate masses and isotopic pattern. In this way, 47 compounds (simple phenolic and hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids and flavone, flavonol, flavanone and dihydrochalcone derivatives) were identified in tomato-based products, five of them, as far as was known, were previously unreported in tomatoes. The phenolic fingerprint showed that tomato-based products differ in phenolic composition, principally in protocatechuic acid-O-hexoside, apigenin and its glycosylated forms, quercetin-O-dihexoside, kaempferol-C-hexoside and eriodictyol-O-dihexoside. Gazpacho showed the highest number of phenolic compounds due to the vegetables added for its production. | 25,212,313 | [
-0.06037944,
0.1856053,
0.06714141,
0.04646982,
0.4280862,
-0.01506662,
0.2637657,
0.05174321,
0.1436245,
0.2662491,
0.2146257,
0.4438122,
-0.07576252,
-0.6196349,
-0.5164914,
-0.07841915,
-0.6349748,
0.6795982,
0.2006371,
-0.342337,
0.1097236,
-0.1835581,
-0.1596519,
-... |
Comparative evaluation of rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate and pedalitin isolated from Rabdosia serra (MAXIM.) HARA as inhibitors of tyrosinase and α-glucosidase. | Rabdosia serra has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. In order to illustrate the pharmaceutical activity of R. serra as hypoglycaemic and skin-whitening agents, rosmarinic acid (confirmed as the major compound in R. serra), methyl rosmarinate and pedalitin isolated from R. serra were evaluated for their inhibitory effects and mechanisms on tyrosinase and α-glucosidase. The inhibitory effects on both tyrosinase and α-glucosidase were in decreasing order, pedalitin>methyl rosmarinate>rosmarinic acid. The IC50 values for the tyrosinase and α-glucosidase activity inhibited by pedalitin were 0.28 and 0.29mM, respectively. Both rosmarinic acid and methyl rosmarinate were considered as noncompetitive inhibitors of tyrosinase, while pedalitin was suggested to be a mixed-type inhibitor of tyrosinase. In the assay of α-glucosidase inhibition, rosmarinic acid was found to be a competitive inhibitor, whereas both methyl rosmarinate and pedalitin were considered as mixed-type inhibitors. | 25,212,314 | [
0.01502306,
0.08130253,
-0.17724,
-0.1221631,
0.1945788,
0.3069249,
-0.2802405,
-0.08685543,
0.2912449,
-0.1941319,
0.0891683,
0.1968788,
0.1619676,
-0.1107087,
-0.04737644,
0.5480081,
-0.3514949,
0.1481062,
0.2363458,
0.1189644,
0.1324981,
0.1576236,
-0.1739679,
-0.335... |
Fungi, mycotoxins and phytoalexin in peanut varieties, during plant growth in the field. | The aim of the present study was to analyze the mycobiota, occurrence of mycotoxins (aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid), and production of phytoalexin (trans-resveratrol) in two peanut varieties (Runner IAC 886 and Caiapó) during plant growth in the field. Climatic factors (rainfall, relative humidity and temperature) and water activity were also evaluated. The results showed a predominance of Fusarium spp. in kernels and pods, followed by Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxins were detected in 20% and 10% of samples of the IAC 886 and Caiapó varieties, respectively. Analysis showed that 65% of kernel samples of the IAC 886 variety and 25% of the Caiapó variety were contaminated with cyclopiazonic acid. trans-Resveratrol was detected in 6.7% of kernel samples of the IAC 886 variety and in 20% of the Caiapó variety. However, trans-resveratrol was found in 73.3% of leaf samples in the two varieties studied. | 25,212,324 | [
0.01953632,
-0.219353,
0.1713291,
0.12831,
0.00482816,
0.2781318,
0.01723898,
0.1069271,
0.1614429,
-0.3103258,
0.3044788,
-0.05615543,
0.04782,
-0.5451602,
-0.193581,
0.2762458,
-0.3576396,
0.319014,
0.3309164,
-0.4681436,
-0.002110101,
0.3106027,
-0.3156248,
0.2350796... |
Identification of a novel food-derived collagen peptide, hydroxyprolyl-glycine, in human peripheral blood by pre-column derivatisation with phenyl isothiocyanate. | Peptides in the blood of subjects before and after collagen hydrolysate ingestion were fractionated by ion exchange and size-exclusion chromatographies and then derivatised with phenyl isothiocyanate. The derivatives were characterised by reserved phase (RP)-HPLC. Prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp), which has been identified in the previous studies, was detected as a major food-derived collagen peptide in the blood of all subjects (n=5). Another major peptide was identified as hydroxyprolyl-glycine (Hyp-Gly) in the blood of four subjects, which has not been detected in previous studies. The ratio of Hyp-Gly to Pro-Hyp depended on subjects and ranged from 0.00 to 5.04. Hyp-Gly was less susceptible to human serum peptidase than Pro-Hyp. Hyp-Gly enhanced the growth of mouse primary fibroblasts on collagen gels in a higher extent than Pro-Hyp. These findings suggest that Hyp-Gly plays a significant role in exerting the biological effects by ingestion of collagen hydrolysate. | 25,212,331 | [
-0.3367319,
0.1069647,
-0.1287323,
0.1582482,
0.1345951,
-0.1301997,
-0.09598877,
0.3508922,
0.3505104,
0.215738,
-0.05776712,
0.1028889,
-0.01587877,
-0.1249879,
-0.4627379,
-0.04793051,
-0.1515714,
0.2354181,
-0.08833492,
0.0584928,
-0.09507669,
0.21924,
-0.1869552,
-... |
Demonstration of the presence of aminoreductone formed during the Maillard reaction in milk. | The Maillard reaction is a common chemical reaction that occurs in food and it generates multiple reaction products. Aminoreductone (AR) is one of the early-stage Maillard reaction products. At present the formation of AR has only been demonstrated in a model system consisting of a monosaccharide or disaccharide and an amino group-containing compound. There is no direct evidence to show the presence of AR in food. In this study, we demonstrated the formation and presence of AR in milk using a combination of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNP) and Cu(2+). A DNP derivative of AR oxidised by Cu(2+) was isolated and its detailed structure was identified by NMR analysis. We thus directly demonstrated the formation and presence of AR in milk. | 25,212,341 | [
-0.1782112,
-0.1629072,
0.1022043,
0.2990275,
0.2624205,
0.1452257,
-0.2778735,
0.2424681,
0.3172341,
0.3238567,
0.03989815,
0.06084093,
-0.09638596,
-0.2138783,
-0.1345343,
-0.04759388,
-0.2679399,
0.5328639,
-0.08013955,
-0.1865396,
0.3740955,
0.04260342,
0.03289453,
... |
Linseed oil stabilisation with pure natural phenolic compounds. | Linseed has been used for a very long time in human and animal nutrition. Currently, there is an increasing interest in linseed oil because of its particularly high content in α-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid (FA). Unfortunately, ALA turns also the oil extremely sensitive to oxidation. This study aimed at assessing four pure representative phenolic compounds, myricetin (flavonol), (+)-catechin (flavanol), genistein (isoflavone), and caffeic acid (hydroxycinnamic acid) at a concentration of 555μmol/kg as antioxidants in refined linseed oil (RLO). Their protective effect was assessed by monitoring the hydroperoxide formation, the FA profile and the residual antioxidant concentration in RLO, along its storage at 60°C according to the Schaal oven test procedure. Caffeic acid, (+)-catechin and myricetin were found to be more efficient than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), a synthetic antioxidant. Interestingly, myricetin strongly reduced ALA oxidation. These results confirm that the chemical structure of the phenolic compounds plays a major role in their antioxidant properties. | 25,212,361 | [
0.09523157,
0.3768335,
0.02997922,
0.09628776,
0.07838165,
-0.1066451,
-0.1528921,
0.05624518,
0.2240146,
-0.2313104,
0.3976746,
0.1436962,
0.03430917,
-0.3927378,
-0.4433721,
0.01824633,
-0.2318506,
0.3309866,
-0.006798427,
0.3461223,
-0.04310551,
0.2413869,
-0.1818109,
... |
Matrix solid phase dispersion extraction of ginsenosides in the leaves of Panax ginseng C.M. Mey. | The matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) was applied to the extraction of eight kinds of ginsenosides from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.M. Mey. The experimental conditions were examined and optimised. The extracts were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When the diatomaceous earth was used as dispersant and 75% methanol was used as elution solvent, the highest extraction yields of the eight kinds of ginsenosides were obtained. For comparison, the reflux extraction was applied. The extraction yields obtained by the proposed method were comparable with those obtained by the reflux extraction. The proposed method is convenient, time-saving, and organic solvent minimising. | 25,212,364 | [
-0.271427,
0.4083619,
0.1538165,
0.2879104,
0.03376545,
0.1277479,
-0.2221218,
0.1242237,
0.1225084,
-0.164035,
0.2119772,
0.2099721,
0.1048276,
-0.2475839,
-0.437077,
0.1293893,
-0.3255898,
-0.04653655,
-0.06959298,
0.07351075,
0.312094,
-0.1807516,
-0.1360085,
-0.0326... |
Analysis of roasted and unroasted Pistacia terebinthus volatiles using direct thermal desorption-GCxGC-TOF/MS. | The objective of this study was to determine the effects of roasting time on volatile components of Pistacia terebinthus L., a fruit growing wild in Turkey. The whole fruit samples were pan roasted for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25min at 200°C. Volatile compounds were isolated and identified using the direct thermal desorption (DTD) method coupled with comprehensive gas chromatography - time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF/MS). The major components of the fresh hull of P. terebinthus were α-pinene (10.37%), limonene (8.93%), β-pinene (5.53%), 2-carene (4.47%) and γ-muurolene (4.29%). Eighty-three constituents were characterised from the volatiles of fresh whole P. terebinthus fruits obtained by direct thermal desorption with α-pinene (9.62%), limonene (5.54%), γ-cadinane (5.48%), β-pinene (5.46%), β-caryophyllene (5.24%) being the major constituents. The type and the number of constituents characterised were observed to change with differing roasting times. Limonene (5.56%), α-pinene (4.84%), 5-methylfurfural (4.78%), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF, 3.89%), dimethylmetoxyfuranone (3.67%) and 3-methyl-2(5H)furanone (3.12%) were identified as the major components among the 104 compounds characterised in the volatiles of P. terebinthus, roasted for 25min. In addition, volatiles of fully roasted P. terebinthus fruits contained furans and furanones (15.42%), pyridines (4.45%) and benzene derivatives (3.81%) as the major groups. | 25,212,365 | [
0.1012333,
0.008909071,
0.2589758,
-0.2009337,
0.2761585,
0.05202403,
0.08170641,
0.06571074,
0.151784,
-0.06407928,
0.02059238,
0.07347105,
-0.01997739,
-0.4778738,
-0.4716563,
0.02688253,
0.09538762,
0.4288423,
0.1564426,
0.4763443,
0.6096762,
0.5930925,
-0.2092286,
-... |
Bio-nanogate controlled enzymatic reaction for virus sensing. | The objective of this study was to develop an aptamer-based bifunctional bio-nanogate, which could selectively respond to target molecules, and control enzymatic reaction for electrochemical measurements. It was successfully applied for sensitive, selective, rapid, quantitative, and label-free detection of avian influenza viruses (AIV) H5N1. A nanoporous gold film with pore size of ~20 nm was prepared by a metallic corrosion method, and the purity was checked by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) study. To improve the performance of the bio-nanogate biosensor, its main analytical parameters were studied and optimized. We demonstrated that the developed bio-nanogate was capable of controlling enzymatic reaction for AIV H5N1 sensing within 1h with a detection limit of 2(-9)HAU (hemagglutination units). The enzymatic reaction was able to cause significant current change due to the presence of target AIV. A linear relationship was found in the virus titer range of 2(-10)-2(2)HAU. No interference was observed from non-target AIV subtypes such as H1N1, H2N2, H4N8 and H7N2. The developed approach could be adopted for sensing of other viruses. | 25,212,377 | [
0.01807549,
0.201288,
-0.1147818,
0.2000437,
0.1211702,
-0.1914151,
-0.1639577,
0.1941509,
-0.004941519,
-0.03408184,
-0.01490669,
-0.2866942,
0.02855736,
-0.1516623,
-0.5758161,
0.01905186,
-0.6150339,
0.1428007,
0.0002083185,
-0.165181,
0.3241005,
-0.2735366,
-0.3938979... |
Deterministic lateral displacement for particle separation: a review. | Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), a hydrodynamic, microfluidic technology, was first reported by Huang et al. in 2004 to separate particles on the basis of size in continuous flow with a resolution of down to 10 nm. For 10 years, DLD has been extensively studied, employed and modified by researchers in terms of theory, design, microfabrication and application to develop newer, faster and more efficient tools for separation of millimetre, micrometre and even sub-micrometre sized particles. To extend the range of potential applications, the specific arrangement of geometric features in DLD has also been adapted and/or coupled with external forces (e.g. acoustic, electric, gravitational) to separate particles on the basis of other properties than size such as the shape, deformability and dielectric properties of particles. Furthermore, investigations into DLD performance where inertial and non-Newtonian effects are present have been conducted. However, the evolvement and application of DLD has not yet been reviewed. In this paper, we collate many interesting publications to provide a comprehensive review of the development and diversity of this technology but also provide scope for future direction and detail the fundamentals for those wishing to design such devices for the first time. | 25,212,386 | [
-0.397616,
0.01247977,
0.1612696,
0.2107757,
0.0542399,
-0.2026053,
-0.223162,
0.1834319,
0.2500021,
0.1393156,
-0.1253116,
-0.1297329,
0.058302,
-0.01765891,
-0.4134201,
-0.09978289,
-0.5851612,
0.06012897,
-0.261669,
-0.2905791,
0.04108261,
-0.1656337,
-0.1190538,
0.0... |
Complete genome sequence of the first non-Asian isolate of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus. | Brazil is one of the largest silk producers in the world. The domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori) was formally introduced into the country in the twentieth century, and the state of Paraná is the main national producer. During larval stages, B. mori can be afflicted by many different infectious diseases, which lead to substantial losses in silk production. In this work, we describe the structure and complete genome sequence of the first non-Asian isolate of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), the most important silkworm pathogen. The BmNPV-Brazilian isolate is a nucleopolyhedrovirus with singly enveloped nucleocapsids within polyhedral occlusion bodies. Its genome has 126,861 bp with a G + C content of 40.4 %. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the virus with the Japanese strain (BmNPV-T3). As expected, we have detected intra-population variability in the virus sample. Variation along homologous regions (HRs) and bro genes was observed; there were seven HRs, deletion of bro-e, and division of bro-a into two ORFs. The study of baculoviruses allows for a better understanding of virus evolution providing insight for biological control of insect pests or protection against the pernicious disease caused by these viruses. | 25,212,430 | [
0.01737412,
0.2077353,
0.3761472,
0.09101129,
-0.05896473,
-0.008661715,
0.2483972,
-0.3623768,
0.2326443,
-0.02719379,
0.1984927,
-0.5054619,
-0.1843398,
-0.2288396,
-0.5773541,
-0.09484009,
-0.1131898,
-0.06469873,
0.5302857,
-0.2542617,
0.03614145,
0.5193068,
-0.173689... |
Postoperative dysesthesia in lumbar three-column resection osteotomies. | Three-column lumbar spinal resection osteotomies including pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), vertebral column resection (VCR), and total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) can potentially lead to dorsal root ganglion (DRG) injury which may cause postoperative dysesthesia (POD). The purpose of retrospective study was to describe the uncommon complication of POD in lumbar spinal resection osteotomies. Between January 2009 and December 2013, 64 patients were treated with lumbar three-column spinal resection osteotomies (PSO, n = 31; VCR, n = 29; TES, n = 4) in investigator group. POD was defined as dysesthetic pain or burning dysesthesia at a proper DRG innervated region, whether spontaneous or evoked. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, central none-opioid analgesic agent, neuropathic pain drugs and/or intervertebral foramen block were selectively used to treat POD. There were 5 cases of POD (5/64, 7.8 %), which consisted of 1 patient in PSO (1/31, 3.2 %), 3 patients in PVCR (3/29, 10.3 %), and 1 patient in TES (1/4, 25 %). After the treatment by drugs administration plus DRG block, all patients presented pain relief with duration from 8 to 38 days. A gradual pain moving to distal end of a proper DRG innervated region was found as the beginning of end. Although POD is a unique and rare complication and maybe misdiagnosed as nerve root injury in lumbar spinal resection osteotomies, combination drug therapy and DRG block have an effective result of pain relief. The appearance of a gradual pain moving to distal end of a proper DRG innervated region during recovering may be used as a sign for the good prognosis. | 25,212,452 | [
0.2037867,
0.1404853,
0.1296147,
-0.2304209,
-0.2000508,
-0.1821564,
0.2259823,
0.02053719,
0.1415585,
-0.07839509,
0.1152055,
0.2157939,
0.02570913,
0.1062207,
0.1065111,
-0.08191334,
-0.428969,
0.0809337,
0.2415094,
-0.009552616,
0.04654806,
0.4259348,
-0.07700684,
0.... |
Conserved features and major differences in the outer membrane protein composition of chlamydiae. | Chlamydiae are a highly successful group of obligate intracellular bacteria infecting a variety of eukaryotic hosts. Outer membrane proteins involved in attachment to and uptake into host cells, and cross-linking of these proteins via disulfide bonds are key features of the biphasic chlamydial developmental cycle. In this study, we used a consensus approach to predict outer membrane proteins in the genomes of members of three chlamydial families. By analysing outer membrane protein fractions of purified chlamydiae with highly sensitive mass spectrometry, we show that the protein composition differs strongly between these organisms. Large numbers of major outer membrane protein-like proteins are present at high abundance in the outer membrane of Simkania negevensis and Waddlia chondrophila, whereas yet uncharacterized putative porins dominate in Parachlamydia acanthamoebae. Simkania represents the first case of a chlamydia completely lacking stabilizing cysteine-rich proteins in its outer membrane. In agreement with this, and in contrast to Parachlamydia and Waddlia, the cellular integrity of Simkania is not impaired by conditions that reduce disulfide bonds of these proteins. The observed differences in the protein composition of the outer membrane among members of divergent chlamydial families suggest different stabilities of these organisms in the environment, probably due to adaption to different niches or transmission routes. | 25,212,454 | [
-0.08032293,
-0.210839,
0.2010775,
-0.05971789,
0.1868281,
-0.1859465,
-0.1991948,
0.2489911,
0.5934063,
0.2324793,
0.01284541,
0.1516185,
0.01411287,
-0.06748508,
-0.1171664,
-0.1605964,
-0.6752584,
-0.1263627,
-0.2150955,
-0.02946267,
0.1845098,
-0.00002098988,
-0.18226... |
BAG3 facilitates the clearance of endogenous tau in primary neurons. | Tau is a microtubule associated protein that is found primarily in neurons, and in pathologic conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) it accumulates and contributes to the disease process. Because tau plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of AD and other tauopathies, and in AD mouse models reducing tau levels improves outcomes, approaches that facilitate tau clearance are being considered as therapeutic strategies. However, fundamental to the development of such interventions is a clearer understanding of the mechanisms that regulate tau clearance. Here, we report a novel mechanism of tau degradation mediated by the co-chaperone BAG3. BAG3 has been shown to be an essential component of a complex that targets substrates to the autophagy pathway for degradation. In rat primary neurons, activation of autophagy by inhibition of proteasome activity or treatment with trehalose resulted in significant decreases in tau and phospho-tau levels. These treatments also induced an upregulation of BAG3. Proteasome inhibition activated JNK, which was responsible for the upregulation of BAG3 and increased tau clearance. Inhibiting JNK or knocking down BAG3 blocked the proteasome inhibition-induced decreases in tau. Further, BAG3 overexpression alone resulted in significant decreases in tau and phospho-tau levels in neurons. These results indicate that BAG3 plays a critical role in regulating the levels of tau in neurons, and interventions that increase BAG3 levels could provide a therapeutic approach in the treatment of AD. | 25,212,465 | [
0.08323272,
0.07987759,
0.02304333,
-0.009925729,
0.04512764,
-0.200313,
-0.0805698,
-0.1613559,
0.02193997,
0.09259047,
0.07863069,
0.01059019,
-0.1401677,
-0.2208166,
0.04443602,
0.1703576,
-0.4896951,
0.1307362,
-0.1824901,
-0.2287986,
0.1447023,
0.1668269,
-0.03243337... |
Neuroanatomic and cognitive abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the era of 'high definition' neuroimaging. | The ongoing release of the Human Connectome Project (HCP) data is a watershed event in clinical neuroscience. By attaining a quantum leap in spatial and temporal resolution within the framework of a twin/sibling design, this open science resource provides the basis for delineating brain-behavior relationships across the neuropsychiatric landscape. Here we focus on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is at least partly continuous across the population, highlighting constructs that have been proposed for ADHD and which are included in the HCP phenotypic battery. We review constructs implicated in ADHD (reward-related processing, inhibition, vigilant attention, reaction time variability, timing and emotional lability) which can be examined in the HCP data and in future 'high definition' clinical datasets. | 25,212,469 | [
0.04329899,
0.09791709,
0.02548049,
0.06097274,
-0.03862909,
-0.3373747,
-0.3174994,
0.07054731,
0.00102355,
0.152793,
0.08270622,
0.2068419,
-0.120387,
-0.2837569,
-0.6101122,
-0.2176679,
-0.1175915,
0.610831,
0.2001294,
-0.2374028,
0.0176464,
0.07697572,
-0.07328497,
... |
Development and validation of InnoQuant™, a sensitive human DNA quantitation and degradation assessment method for forensic samples using high copy number mobile elements Alu and SVA. | There is a constant need in forensic casework laboratories for an improved way to increase the first-pass success rate of forensic samples. The recent advances in mini STR analysis, SNP, and Alu marker systems have now made it possible to analyze highly compromised samples, yet few tools are available that can simultaneously provide an assessment of quantity, inhibition, and degradation in a sample prior to genotyping. Currently there are several different approaches used for fluorescence-based quantification assays which provide a measure of quantity and inhibition. However, a system which can also assess the extent of degradation in a forensic sample will be a useful tool for DNA analysts. Possessing this information prior to genotyping will allow an analyst to more informatively make downstream decisions for the successful typing of a forensic sample without unnecessarily consuming DNA extract. Real-time PCR provides a reliable method for determining the amount and quality of amplifiable DNA in a biological sample. Alu are Short Interspersed Elements (SINE), approximately 300bp insertions which are distributed throughout the human genome in large copy number. The use of an internal primer to amplify a segment of an Alu element allows for human specificity as well as high sensitivity when compared to a single copy target. The advantage of an Alu system is the presence of a large number (>1000) of fixed insertions in every human genome, which minimizes the individual specific variation possible when using a multi-copy target quantification system. This study utilizes two independent retrotransposon genomic targets to obtain quantification of an 80bp "short" DNA fragment and a 207bp "long" DNA fragment in a degraded DNA sample in the multiplex system InnoQuant™. The ratio of the two quantitation values provides a "Degradation Index", or a qualitative measure of a sample's extent of degradation. The Degradation Index was found to be predictive of the observed loss of STR markers and alleles as degradation increases. Use of a synthetic target as an internal positive control (IPC) provides an additional assessment for the presence of PCR inhibitors in the test sample. In conclusion, a DNA based qualitative/quantitative/inhibition assessment system that accurately predicts the status of a biological sample, will be a valuable tool for deciding which DNA test kit to utilize and how much target DNA to use, when processing compromised forensic samples for DNA testing. | 25,212,510 | [
-0.1525545,
0.1242935,
0.1104549,
-0.2617391,
0.03030351,
-0.09733188,
-0.3322241,
0.02679105,
0.4127341,
-0.153772,
0.03560141,
0.08534876,
0.2181289,
-0.04738172,
-0.5256806,
-0.1497793,
-0.5403927,
0.1005426,
0.332928,
0.4093225,
0.3437034,
0.1561744,
-0.0959657,
0.2... |
Indicators of newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Sri Lanka: program challenges and way forward. | Many of the countries in the Asia Pacific Region are just initiating newborn screening programs for selected metabolic and other congenital disorders. The present study is aimed at evaluating the congenital hypothyroidism screening program in the Southern region of Sri Lanka in terms of coverage, effectiveness of detecting and managing the cases. The Newborn Screening System Database of Sri Lanka was reviewed from January 2011 to December 2012. The data of 47 babies who tested positive for hypothyroidism were analyzed. Total of 78,167 babies (99.0% of live births) were screened. Of them, 5.8% (n = 4,472) were discharged within 12 hrs of delivery where as 58.1% (n = 44969) were discharged afterwards but within next 12 hrs (i.e., day 1). The positive predictive value for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) was 9.0%. The incidences of primary CH among screened infants were 1:1682. False positive rate among screened infants was maintained below 0.70%. Mean age of serum confirmation was 23.8 (±8) days. In the light of the present findings, we would suggest direct communication systems, linking newborn screening program to the family unit. This would enhance timely follow-up for screen-positive infants and facilitate information sharing. Establishing a program with, public-private sector partnership should be considered. Costs could be contained if the specimen collection, its transportation and communication are carried out by this partnership and the laboratory tests are conducted by a non-profit organization such as a University in order to achieve the goal of universal coverage. | 25,212,576 | [
0.07907087,
-0.04096018,
0.362025,
-0.2948015,
0.1060705,
-0.1892001,
-0.2264974,
0.07786939,
-0.0946325,
0.01887516,
0.205147,
0.4487853,
0.04645336,
0.2174564,
0.05890625,
-0.2856745,
-0.1762528,
-0.1711579,
0.04602386,
-0.4227019,
0.01753444,
0.1373508,
-0.32354,
0.1... |
Nodal occult metastases in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer patients detected using serial section, immunohistochemistry, and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction: prospective evaluation with matched-pair analysis. | The purpose of the study was to prospectively evaluate the incidence of nodal OCM assessed using SS, IHC, and RT-PCR in prostate cancer patients compared with the standard pathological evaluation (SPE), and to evaluate short-term oncological outcomes of patients with OCM. Fifty-four consecutive patients with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic LN dissection comprised the study population (StP). The central sections with the largest diameter of each LN of the StP and a matched-pair population (MpP) with identical characteristics as the StP were used to assess the improved detection rate of OCM. Pathological characteristics and biochemical recurrence-free survival were assessed according to the presence of macroscopic or OCM. A total of 1064 LNs were processed in the 54 patients of the StP, with 11 (20.4%) patients with evident metastases at SPE and 7 with OCM (13.0% additional patients); the percentage of positive patients improved from 16.6% (18 of 108) of the MpP to 33.3% (18 of 54) of the StP (16% additional patients). The mean diameter of the 10 additional LNs with OCM found at SS only and of the 6 additional LNs found at IHC only was significantly lower than the mean diameter of the 28 metastases found at routine pathologic examination (RPE) (P < .0001). Patients with OCM showed risk of biochemical recurrence similar to patients with no LN metastases (P = .008). SS, IHC, and RT-PCR can detect a not negligible percentage of OCM missed at RPE. Patients with OCM showed short-term oncological outcomes more similar to those with macroscopic metastases. Longer follow-up studies considering cancer-specific survival are needed. | 25,212,578 | [
0.2208016,
-0.2820673,
-0.1663815,
-0.09149864,
-0.3887388,
-0.4865825,
0.07252616,
0.1963636,
0.1555919,
-0.1081963,
-0.003215623,
0.393918,
0.3056559,
-0.3775511,
-0.6917322,
-0.1724657,
-0.1088066,
0.01648308,
0.3022884,
0.2367472,
0.3331434,
0.09422364,
-0.2185934,
... |
The comparative experiences of women in control: diabetes self-management education in a virtual world. | The purpose was to characterize participants' experiences of a diabetes self-management (DSM) education program delivered via a virtual world (VW) versus a face-to-face (F2F) format. Participants included a randomly selected sample of participants who completed the Women in Control study. Four focus groups were conducted with 32 participants. Four researchers coded the data and conducted a qualitative thematic analysis. Four overarching themes were identified. Three domains apply to both VW and F2F formats, including (1) the value of DSM knowledge gained, (2) cultivating DSM attitudes and skills, and (3) the value of peer-derived social support. The fourth domain is labeled positive technological development for DSM (VW condition only). VW and F2F groups both reported mastery of DSM knowledge, attitudes, and skills, and there were no differences in peer-derived social support between groups. The technological aspects of VW participation afforded VW participants a unique sense of personal agency and diabetes self-efficacy not reported by F2F participants. DSM education in a VW is feasible and educational outcomes are similar to a F2F classroom experience. Furthermore, learning DSM skills in a VW offers unique advantages in supporting personal agency for health behavior change. Further research is warranted. | 25,212,580 | [
-0.2666084,
0.2083575,
-0.2591246,
-0.3066232,
0.1847239,
-0.2595009,
0.2013947,
-0.148251,
0.1788419,
-0.1748845,
-0.06887844,
0.07084455,
-0.2181955,
-0.7895862,
-0.4364174,
-0.06002906,
-0.04651427,
0.2038745,
-0.2944526,
-0.0801915,
-0.223594,
0.2094943,
-0.3329725,
... |
Genome sequence of a salmonella phage used to control salmonella transmission in Swine. | Salmonella shedding in swine often increases in response to transportation and lairage. We previously demonstrated that such increases can be limited by directly feeding microencapsulated Salmonella bacteriophages. Here we present the genome sequence of vB_SalM_SJ_3, a broader spectrum Viuna-like Salmonella phage used in those studies. | 25,212,610 | [
-0.2555353,
-0.08352812,
0.04436073,
-0.2872399,
-0.03787974,
-0.1928321,
-0.3454239,
-0.006632677,
-0.08748385,
-0.2730098,
0.03367759,
-0.1087813,
0.05992597,
0.1233514,
-0.3910174,
-0.05321074,
-0.4337263,
-0.08941578,
0.3695486,
-0.1878736,
0.1502916,
0.1082485,
-0.28... |
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudoalteromonas sp. Strain A2, an Isolate with High Antioxidative Activity from Arctic Seawater. | Here we report the draft genome sequence of Pseudoalteromonas strain A2, isolated from Arctic seawater in the pack-ice zone, which has high antioxidative activity against H2O2. The genomics information of this strain will facilitate the study of antioxidative mechanisms, cold adaptation properties, and evolution of this genus. | 25,212,616 | [
-0.146231,
0.117663,
0.08719411,
0.06214519,
-0.1550713,
0.08021357,
-0.3579512,
0.03082719,
0.1812689,
-0.2941309,
0.1149931,
0.09080882,
-0.03273579,
0.1114234,
-0.09561591,
-0.2520764,
-0.3171195,
0.3016056,
0.1408159,
0.1026572,
0.06882125,
0.2677675,
-0.2875566,
0.... |
The expression and function of gelatinolytic activity at the rat neuromuscular junction upon physical exercise. | The gelatinases MMP-9 and MMP-2 have been implicated in skeletal muscle adaptation to training; however, their specific role(s) in the different muscle types are only beginning to be unraveled. Recently, we found that treadmill running increased the activity and/or expression of these enzymes in myonuclei and in activated satellite cells of the soleus (Sol), but not extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles on the fifth day of training of adult rats. Here, we asked whether the gelatinases can be involved in physical exercise-induced adaptation of the neuromuscular compartment. To determine the subcellular localization of the gelatinolytic activity, we used high-resolution in situ zymography and immunofluorescence techniques. In both control and trained muscles, strong gelatinolytic activity was associated with myelin sheaths within intramuscular nerve twigs. In EDL, but not Sol, there was an increase in the gelatinolytic activity at the postsynaptic domain of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The increased activity was found within punctate structures situated in the vicinity of synaptic cleft of the NMJ, colocalizing with a marker of endoplasmic reticulum. Our results support the hypothesis that the gelatinolytic activity at the NMJ may be involved in NMJ plasticity. | 25,212,659 | [
-0.05295663,
0.1126084,
-0.1228086,
-0.2239933,
-0.09659486,
-0.5508464,
0.04020242,
-0.5915438,
0.1540213,
0.08546136,
-0.02838234,
-0.2019832,
-0.07042103,
-0.1658139,
-0.3931191,
0.02119703,
-0.436519,
0.0989691,
0.002390862,
-0.05569598,
0.1954974,
0.1413388,
0.258575... |
Neurodevelopmental outcome for offspring of women treated for antenatal depression: a systematic review. | The aim of this systematic review is to appraise existing literature on the effects of treatments for antenatal depression on the neurodevelopment outcomes of the offspring. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify studies on different kinds of treatments for antenatal depression (antidepressants and alternative therapies) and their effects on infants' neurodevelopment. After reading the title, abstract, or full text and applying exclusion criteria, a total of 22 papers were selected. Nineteen papers studied the effects of antidepressant drugs, one on docosahexanoic acid (DHA) (fish oil capsules) and two on massage therapy; however, no studies used a randomized controlled design, and in most studies, the control group comprise healthy women not exposed to depression. Comparisons between newborns exposed to antidepressants in utero with those not exposed showed significant differences in a wide range of neurobehavioral outcomes, although in many cases, these symptoms were transient. Two studies found a slight delay in psychomotor development, and one study found a delay in mental development. Alternative therapies may have some benefits on neurodevelopmental outcomes. Our review suggests that antidepressant treatment may be associated with some neurodevelopmental changes, but we cannot exclude that some of these effects may be due to depression per se. | 25,212,663 | [
-0.3436629,
0.406923,
0.09840857,
-0.1850564,
0.2490879,
-0.1876761,
-0.2138115,
0.00002354548,
0.07311407,
-0.06851025,
0.007195681,
0.2427668,
-0.0541569,
-0.4284421,
-0.1751493,
-0.02616641,
-0.4416461,
0.2370521,
-0.2751308,
0.06158577,
-0.1714811,
0.2987658,
-0.18854... |
Unexpected post-mortem diagnosis of systemic sclerosis presenting as pneumatosis intestinalis: revised diagnostic criteria and medicolegal implications. | Systemic sclerosis is a challenging diagnosis for clinicians and pathologists alike due to its protean manifestations and often insidious onset, particularly in cases without significant titres of auto-antibodies. Herein we present a case of a female in her sixties who died rapidly following a clinical diagnosis of pneumatosis intestinalis and respiratory failure of unclear etiology. Recently revised clinical diagnostic criteria were applied to the clinical history and postmortem findings to reach an unexpected diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. The diagnosis of systemic sclerosis at autopsy has important medicolegal implications largely related to premature death due to delayed treatment or poor post-operative outcome. Moreover, familial clustering of this disease underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion in the postmortem setting. | 25,212,670 | [
0.04979108,
-0.2638902,
0.1441278,
-0.1857947,
0.2162745,
0.1179642,
-0.2561999,
-0.1221303,
-0.05061803,
-0.149116,
0.1503791,
0.2058355,
0.1204775,
-0.1512343,
-0.230162,
-0.05345118,
-0.237259,
-0.2044096,
0.125116,
-0.2547118,
-0.1068089,
0.3157113,
-0.2149754,
-0.1... |
Self-regulated route to ternary hybrid nanocrystals of Ag-Ag2S-CdS with near-infrared photoluminescence and enhanced photothermal conversion. | Developing hybrid nanocrystals is a hot topic in materials science. Herein, a ternary hybrid nanocrystal, Ag-Ag2S-CdS, combining near infrared emission and photothermal conversion properties was demonstrated. The ternary Ag-Ag2S-CdS hybrid nanocrystals with cubic shape and uniform size were synthesized by a simple one-pot and one-step colloidal method. The growth process is self-regulated with the formation order of Ag2S, Ag, and CdS, sequentially. The formation of Ag originates from the partial reduction of Ag2S, while the formation of CdS is through an Ag2S catalytic mechanism based on its superionic feature. The obtained ternary hybrid nanocrystals show near infrared emission and photothermal conversion properties in a lab-on-a-particle system. Importantly, an enhanced effect is observed for the photothermal conversion, which is mainly due to the presence of heterointerfaces among the crystals. This work will not only advance the synthesis chemistry of multi-component hybrid nanocrystals but also provide a possible route for the design of advanced multi-model materials used in bio-related fields. | 25,212,685 | [
-0.1457267,
0.1034085,
-0.1129337,
0.1415086,
0.1454513,
-0.213372,
-0.5760096,
0.1183081,
0.003302484,
0.096997,
-0.1193206,
0.01827085,
0.01726764,
-0.280966,
-0.4259674,
-0.01141962,
-0.3830869,
-0.1135254,
0.08103085,
-0.04588991,
0.1285356,
0.1583725,
-0.2725523,
0... |
Accuracy of calculated arterial saturation in oxygen in neonatal foals and effects of monitor, sensor, site of sensor placement, and degree of hypoxemia on the accuracy of pulse oximetry. | To (1) assess the agreement between calculated values for arterial hemoglobin saturation of oxygen (SaO2 ) and values obtained by co-oximetry, (2) assess the accuracy of 2 pulse oximetry monitors for measurement of SaO2 in foals, and for each monitor, and (3) determine the optimal combination of sensor type and site of sensor placement for SaO2 monitoring. Prospective experimental study. University teaching hospital. Six neonatal foals. Foals were anesthetized with isoflurane and SaO2 was manipulated by varying the inspired fraction of oxygen. SaO2 was calculated from oxygen tension or measured by pulse oximetry using 2 monitors equipped with transmission or reflectance sensors attached to the foal's tongue, lip, ear, or inserted rectally (reflectance sensor only). SaO2 values measured by co-oximetry were used as the gold standard to calculate bias. Mean (±SD) SaO2 determined by co-oximetry was 65.2% ± 11.8%, 85.4% ± 2.5%, and 97.2% ± 0.4% at the low, intermediate, and high SaO2 level, respectively. Sensors attached to the ear failed to provide SaO2 readings for most attempts. Reflectance sensors placed on the lip or rectally gave significantly larger biases at low SaO2 (-17.0% and -23.6%, respectively) than at higher levels. Bias of all other combinations of monitors, sensors, and sites (-1.8 to -4.1%) was not significantly influenced by the level of SaO2 or different from each other. The bias of calculated saturation was similar to that of pulse oximetry. Transmission sensors placed on the lip or tongue or reflectance sensors placed on the tongue give the most accurate assessment of SaO2 in anesthetized neonatal foals. Calculated saturation is not more accurate than pulse oximetry to estimate SaO2 . | 25,212,699 | [
0.01572727,
-0.007343973,
0.009994721,
-0.07354619,
0.1550364,
-0.2220578,
-0.02668319,
-0.2428714,
0.02398359,
-0.3714944,
-0.02549624,
-0.08071546,
0.08341175,
-0.1033189,
-0.3869161,
-0.1667448,
-0.7713514,
-0.142242,
-0.348925,
0.1813448,
0.04031116,
0.1507528,
-0.300... |
[Chronic kidney disease in Primary Health Care: prevalence and associated risk factors]. | To determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors in subjects over 60 years of age, as well as its staging by determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Cross-sectional observational study. Primary Health Care. Patients≥60 years of age who were seen in 40 Primary Health Care centres with serum creatinine measured in a central laboratory between January 1 and December 31, 2010. kidney transplant, home care. Social-demographic and anthropometric data, cardiovascular risk factors, and diseases established according to electronic clinical records. Serum creatinine was measured using standardised Jaffe kinetic method, and GFR estimated with MDRD-4-IDMS and CKD-EPI. A total of 97,665 subjects (57.3% women, median age 70.0 years [Q1: 65.0, Q3: 77.0]). GFR-MDRD prevalence<60=15.1% (16.6% in women, 13.2% in men; P<.001) and increased with age. Multivariate analysis showed a positive association between GFR-MDRD<60 and age (OR=1.74; 95% CI 1.70 to 1.77), hypertension (OR=2.18; 95% CI 2.08 to 2.30), heart failure (OR=2.03; 95% CI 1.83 to 2.25), atrial fibrillation (OR=1.57; 95% CI 1.41 to 1.76), ischaemic heart disease (OR=1.40; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.50), peripheral arterial disease (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.57), dyslipidaemia (OR=1.28; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.33), diabetes (OR=1.26; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.34), and stroke (OR=1.17; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.25). The GFR-CKD-EPI model showed an increase in OR with age and male sex, that became significant as a chronic kidney disease risk factor. Chronic kidney disease has considerable prevalence in subjects≥60 years seen in Primary Health Care, more in women, and increasing with age. Hypertension, more than diabetes, was the main associated cardiovascular risk factor. | 25,212,720 | [
-0.1590456,
-0.3782513,
-0.09773371,
0.01399987,
0.0488246,
-0.3692747,
0.02795322,
0.04839142,
-0.2200966,
-0.1149816,
-0.06720709,
0.4299167,
0.02739317,
-0.07487531,
-0.2658186,
-0.6159975,
-0.4071984,
0.09114324,
-0.006572141,
0.2221761,
-0.02182493,
-0.07182258,
-0.3... |
Results of Laboratory Testing of 15 Cookstove Designs in Accordance with the ISO/IWA Tiers of Performance. | The widespread adoption and sustained use of modern cookstoves has the potential to reduce harmful effects to climate, health, and the well-being of approximately one-third of the world's population that currently rely on biomass fuel for cooking and heating. In an effort to understand and develop cleaner burning and more efficient cookstoves, 15 stove design and fuel/loading combinations were evaluated in the laboratory using the International Workshop Agreement's five-tiered (0-4) rating system for fuel use and emissions. The designs evaluated include rocket-type combustion chamber models including reduced firepower, sunken pots, and chimneys (three stoves); gasifier-type combustion chambers using prepared fuels in the form of wood pellets (four stoves); forced draft stoves with a small electric fan (five stoves); and a single insulated charcoal stove with preheated secondary air. It was found that a charcoal burning stove was the only stove to meet all the Tier 4 levels of performance. Achieving over 40% thermal efficiency at high power was made possible by reducing firepower and gaps around the pot, although batch-fed stoves generally do not "turn down" for optimal low power performance. While all stoves met Tier 4 for carbon monoxide, only stoves equipped with electrical fans reduced respirable particulate matter to Tier 4 levels. Finally, stoves with chimneys and integrated pots were fuel efficient and virtually eliminated indoor emissions. It is hoped that these design techniques will be useful in further development and evolution of high-performance cookstove designs. | 25,212,724 | [
-0.3114503,
0.2663688,
0.1076389,
-0.1494335,
0.01400592,
-0.1547834,
-0.3784192,
0.1615837,
0.1764943,
-0.1439925,
-0.01511234,
-0.1674032,
-0.0212936,
-0.07282521,
-0.6991578,
-0.1090835,
0.1032608,
-0.1506645,
0.1800616,
-0.0330857,
-0.1235381,
0.2951103,
-0.1437292,
... |
Are distance-dependent statistical potentials considering three interacting bodies superior to two-body statistical potentials for protein structure prediction? | Distance-based statistical potentials have long been used to model condensed matter systems, e.g. as scoring functions in differentiating native-like protein structures from decoys. These scoring functions are based on the assumption that the total free energy of the protein can be calculated as the sum of pairwise free energy contributions derived from a statistical analysis of pair-distribution functions. However, this fundamental assumption has been challenged theoretically. In fact the free energy of a system with N particles is only exactly related to the N-body distribution function. Based on this argument coarse-grained multi-body statistical potentials have been developed to capture higher-order interactions. Having a coarse representation of the protein and using geometric contacts instead of pairwise interaction distances renders these models insufficient in modeling details of multi-body effects. In this study, we investigated if extending distance-dependent pairwise atomistic statistical potentials to corresponding interaction functions that are conditional on a third interacting body, defined as quasi-three-body statistical potentials, could model details of three-body interactions. We also tested if this approach could improve the predictive capabilities of statistical scoring functions for protein structure prediction. We analyzed the statistical dependency between two simultaneous pairwise interactions and showed that there is surprisingly little if any dependency of a third interacting site on pairwise atomistic statistical potentials. Also the protein structure prediction performance of these quasi-three-body potentials is comparable with their corresponding two-body counterparts. The scoring functions developed in this study showed better or comparable performances compared to some widely used scoring functions for protein structure prediction. | 25,212,727 | [
0.1151487,
0.1522471,
-0.173917,
0.232767,
-0.01426797,
-0.3275045,
-0.1249316,
0.08006554,
0.1492981,
-0.009991793,
-0.03983651,
0.05041,
0.2910816,
0.05507194,
-0.4441992,
0.03897229,
-0.3499079,
-0.1964364,
0.06080083,
-0.0315344,
0.03514701,
0.3838829,
-0.1463923,
-... |
Activity of ZnO polar surfaces: an insight from surface energies. | The calculation of the accurate surface energies for (0001) surfaces of wurtzite ZnO is difficult because it is impossible to decouple the two inequivalent (0001)-Zn and (0001¯)-O surfaces. By using a heterojunction model we have transformed the uncertainty of the surface energies into that of interface energies which is much smaller than the former and hence estimated the surface energies to a high degree of accuracy. It is found that the oxygen terminated (0001¯)-O face of the wurtzite phase and (1¯1¯1¯O of the zinc blende phase are more stable than their Zn-terminated counterparts within the major temperature and oxygen partial pressure range accessible to experiment. The instability of Zn-terminated polar surfaces explains the experimentally observed high activity of these surfaces. The effects of native surface vacancies on the surface energies have also been discussed. These results provide insights into the modification of the surface stability and activity of ZnO nanoparticles. | 25,212,731 | [
-0.1966035,
-0.1112445,
-0.1286588,
0.01828776,
-0.02843308,
-0.124326,
-0.2992969,
-0.0877395,
0.2559052,
-0.2286208,
-0.04018539,
-0.25707,
-0.03076853,
0.08643276,
-0.5365938,
-0.2040795,
-0.2858304,
0.09521133,
0.03176711,
0.07437534,
0.1025508,
0.2576948,
-0.2050001,... |
The protozoan parasite Trichomonas gallinae causes adult and nestling mortality in a declining population of European Turtle Doves, Streptopelia turtur. | Studies incorporating the ecology of clinical and sub-clinical disease in wild populations of conservation concern are rare. Here we examine sub-clinical infection by Trichomonas gallinae in a declining population of free-living European Turtle Doves and suggest caseous lesions cause mortality in adults and nestlings through subsequent starvation and/or suffocation. We found a 100% infection rate by T. gallinae in adult and nestling Turtle Doves (n = 25) and observed clinical signs in three adults and four nestlings (28%). Adults with clinical signs displayed no differences in any skeletal measures of size but had a mean 3.7% reduction in wing length, with no overlap compared to those without clinical signs. We also identified T. gallinae as the suggested cause of mortality in one Red-legged Partridge although disease presentation was different. A minimum of four strains of T. gallinae, characterized at the ITS/5.8S/ITS2 ribosomal region, were isolated from Turtle Doves. However, all birds with clinical signs (Turtle Doves and the Red-legged Partridge) carried a single strain of T. gallinae, suggesting that parasite spill over between Columbidae and Galliformes is a possibility that should be further investigated. Overall, we highlight the importance of monitoring populations for sub-clinical infection rather than just clinical disease. | 25,212,735 | [
-0.004565491,
-0.02988631,
0.04998436,
-0.3142253,
-0.3267806,
-0.1634628,
-0.07650401,
-0.05801169,
-0.009801161,
-0.3490971,
0.01101412,
-0.05607602,
-0.03392747,
0.2138671,
0.07873009,
-0.1636465,
-0.4978641,
0.001398211,
0.1517183,
0.1200579,
-0.1358532,
0.6321067,
-0... |
Effectiveness of a home hazard modification program for reducing falls in urban community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled trial. | To evaluate the potential improvement of fall prevention awareness and home modification behaviors and to decrease indoor falls by applying a home hazard modification program (HHMP) in community-dwelling older adults followed up to 1 year in this randomized controlled trial. The present authors randomly assigned 130 older adults living in the Tokyo metropolitan region to either the HHMP intervention group (n = 67) or the control group (n = 63). Both groups received four, 2 h fall prevention multifactorial programs including education regarding fall risk factors, food and nutrition, foot self-care, and exercise sessions. However, only the HHMP group received education and practice regarding home safety by using a model mock-up of a typical Japanese home. The mean age of the HHMP group was 75.7 years and the control group 75.8. The HHMP group showed a 10.9% reduction in overall falls, and falls indoors showed an 11.7% reduction at 52 weeks. Those aged 75 years and over showed a significant reduction in both overall falls and indoor falls at 12 weeks. Fall prevention awareness and home modifications were significantly improved in the HHMP group. HHMP has the potential to improve fall prevention awareness and home modification behaviors, and specifically decreased overall and indoor falls in 12 weeks in those aged 75 years and older in community-dwelling older adults. | 25,212,766 | [
-0.58519,
0.2372764,
-0.04676365,
-0.2076743,
0.1251831,
-0.2923262,
-0.1279152,
0.03173109,
0.1749776,
-0.3371041,
-0.09095955,
0.05827934,
-0.0179384,
-0.4171568,
-0.4745871,
-0.02480074,
-0.4207028,
0.3010935,
0.03203185,
-0.2105001,
-0.496248,
0.3268006,
-0.007993392,... |
Recombination-mediated escape from primary CD8+ T cells in acute HIV-1 infection. | A major immune evasion mechanism of HIV-1 is the accumulation of non-synonymous mutations in and around T cell epitopes, resulting in loss of T cell recognition and virus escape. Here we analyze primary CD8+ T cell responses and virus escape in a HLA B*81 expressing subject who was infected with two T/F viruses from a single donor. In addition to classic escape through non-synonymous mutation/s, we also observed rapid selection of multiple recombinant viruses that conferred escape from T cells specific for two epitopes in Nef. Our study shows that recombination between multiple T/F viruses provide greater options for acute escape from CD8+ T cell responses than seen in cases of single T/F virus infection. This process may contribute to the rapid disease progression in patients infected by multiple T/F viruses. | 25,212,771 | [
-0.2107252,
-0.2020605,
-0.218365,
-0.2153828,
0.3723825,
-0.3524332,
-0.008220515,
0.1082256,
0.2158638,
0.03141697,
0.2321512,
0.2025508,
0.007939694,
0.2287614,
-0.3360082,
-0.4745353,
-0.1210996,
-0.1791698,
0.007887109,
0.1861591,
-0.08657452,
0.3969239,
-0.2489786,
... |
Structure of human SNX10 reveals insights into its role in human autosomal recessive osteopetrosis. | Sorting nexin 10 (SNX10), the unique member of the SNX family having vacuolation activity in cells, was shown to be involved in the development of autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) in recent genetic studies. However, the molecular mechanism of the disease-related mutations affecting the biological function of SNX10 is unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of human SNX10 to 2.6 Å resolution. The structure reveals that SNX10 contains the extended phox-homology domain we previously proposed. Our study provides the structural details of those disease-related mutations. Combined with the vacuolation study of those mutations, we found that Tyr32 and Arg51 are important for the protein stability and both play a critical role in vacuolation activity, while Arg16Leu may affect the function of SNX10 in osteoclast through protein-protein interactions. | 25,212,774 | [
0.04619608,
0.0690885,
0.1295463,
0.1360824,
-0.1197008,
-0.1521984,
-0.07777179,
-0.1688416,
0.1492465,
-0.1201238,
0.2237143,
-0.2746502,
-0.2812561,
0.07229009,
-0.3595751,
-0.1930057,
-0.4530519,
-0.03933063,
0.08567162,
-0.09400863,
0.1132394,
0.4002112,
-0.1270974,
... |
Plasma lactate concentrations in septic peritonitis: A retrospective study of 83 dogs (2007-2012). | To determine if absolute plasma lactate concentration or lactate clearance in dogs with septic peritonitis is associated with morbidity or mortality. Retrospective cohort study from 2007 to 2012. University teaching hospital. Eighty-three dogs with septic peritonitis were included. Patients had at least 1 plasma lactate measurement during the course of the hospitalization. Sixty-four percent of the patients survived to discharge, 22% were euthanized, and 14% died during hospitalization. Plasma lactate concentration >2.5 mmol/L on admission (29% of the patients) was associated with mortality (P = 0.001). Median admission plasma lactate concentration (n = 81) was significantly different between nonsurvivors (2.5 mmol/L, range 0.5-8.4) and survivors (1.4 mmol/L, range 0.5-9.7; P = 0.007). Admission plasma lactate concentration >4 mmol/L yielded a sensitivity of 36% and a specificity of 92% for nonsurvival. The inability to normalize plasma lactate concentration within 6 hours of admission (n = 10/24) yielded a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 100% for nonsurvival. Postoperative hyperlactatemia (plasma lactate concentration >2 mmol/L; n = 18/76) had a sensitivity of 46% and specificity of 88% for nonsurvival. Persistent postoperative hyperlactatemia (n = 11/18) had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 100% for nonsurvival. Lactate clearance less than 21% at 6 hours (n = 20) had a sensitivity of 54% and specificity of 91% for nonsurvival. Lactate clearance less than 42% at 12 hours (n = 18) had a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 100% for nonsurvival. Admission plasma lactate concentration and lactate clearance were good prognostic indicators in dogs with septic peritonitis. | 25,212,787 | [
-0.03790978,
-0.2210666,
-0.1297761,
-0.4456095,
-0.1311426,
-0.2747223,
0.2153648,
-0.316657,
-0.2544942,
-0.2054498,
0.02127497,
0.04887301,
-0.08201295,
0.1469058,
-0.02874579,
-0.152648,
-0.1375607,
0.331248,
0.1211757,
-0.1545232,
-0.2413749,
0.2687407,
-0.03267595,
... |
Practical Implementation of the 2013 AHA/ACC Blood Cholesterol Guidelines. | Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Choosing the appropriate patients for whom to initiate statin therapy to reduce the risk of ASCVD is of paramount importance. The new AHA/ACC guidelines on the treatment of cholesterol emphasize a patient-centered approach that shifts away from arbitrary LDL-C goals and recommends targeting statin therapy in patient populations that show ASCVD risk-reduction benefit. In addition, the guidelines emphasize lifestyle modification and the importance of the clinician-patient relationship in discussing ASCVD risk and initiating statin therapy. | 25,212,817 | [
-0.1545456,
0.4470294,
0.0330908,
-0.03353532,
0.03247399,
0.07799728,
0.1732853,
0.3037811,
0.2267462,
-0.06100434,
0.09811413,
0.2200187,
-0.07944625,
-0.3026123,
-0.3768741,
-0.1013035,
-0.7756976,
0.02243183,
-0.0007062017,
0.3655774,
-0.2021551,
0.1215276,
-0.0907484... |
[Validation study on a multi-residue analysis of pesticides in agricultural products by using phosphoric acid treatment and GC-MS/MS]. | A rapid method for multi-residue determination of pesticides in agricultural products was validated. The sample was cut into pieces and placed into a mixer cup containing half weight amount of 10% phosphoric acid in order to suppress degradation of easily degraded pesticides, represented by captan, and then homogenized. Pesticides in the phosphoric acid-treated sample were extracted with acetonitrile using a homogenizer, followed by salting out with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. The extract was cleaned up on a C18 and graphite carbon black/PSA mini-cartridge column. Some pesticides gave tailing peaks, but these peaks became sharp and symmetrical when polyethylene glycol (PEG) 300 was added to the test solution. Recovery tests were performed on nine kinds of agricultural products (brown rice, soybean, spinach, cabbage, potato, orange, apple, strawberry, and Japanese pear) fortified with 170 pesticides at 0.01 and 0.1 μg/g. Each concentration of pesticide residue was extracted from 2 samples on 5 separate days. The trueness of the method for 147-164 pesticides in each sample was 70-120% with satisfactory repeatability and within-run reproducibility. This method is expected to useful for multi-residue analysis of pesticides in agricultural products. | 25,212,821 | [
0.02041887,
0.4334154,
0.2557048,
0.01097615,
-0.09775713,
-0.02867802,
-0.4219306,
0.2478232,
0.1721119,
-0.406775,
0.1880151,
0.09701692,
0.2627862,
0.1189696,
-0.5357808,
0.3405811,
-0.04832385,
0.3088744,
0.2524467,
0.2227057,
-0.1289111,
-0.02368454,
-0.06566001,
0... |
Application of ozonated piggery wastewater for cultivation of oil-rich Chlorella pyrenoidosa. | Ozonated and autoclaved piggery wastewaters were compared for cultivation of oil-rich Chlorella pyrenoidosa by measuring nutrient removal from the medium and growth rate and lipid production of the microalgae. The removal rates of chemical oxygen demand, NH4(+)-N, total nitrogen and total phosphorus by C. pyrenoidosa were not influenced by both sterilisation methods. The specific growth rate and biomass of C. pyrenoidosa were determined by analysing the chlorophyll concentration for eliminating the disturbance of bacteria growth in culture system. Bacteria raised from the residue in the ozonated medium achieved 30% of the total microorganisms at the end of cultivation. They reduced the growth of C. pyrenoidosa by 10.4%, but contributed to a faster decline of the nutrient content on the first day. Lipid production and fatty acid profile did not change markedly in both sterilisation methods. The results suggest that ozonation is acceptable for piggery wastewater treatment for C. pyrenoidosa cultivation. | 25,212,822 | [
0.04002662,
0.1101096,
0.08482263,
-0.04882812,
-0.02657136,
-0.07700694,
-0.2253448,
0.2500146,
0.04737582,
-0.0947381,
0.06263201,
-0.2742107,
-0.1391103,
0.1665126,
-0.1257412,
-0.09613703,
-0.6174312,
-0.063197,
0.03645835,
0.3975441,
0.3592415,
0.6115889,
-0.04670326... |
Ethical use of social media to facilitate qualitative research. | Increasingly, qualitative health researchers might consider using social media to facilitate communication with participants. Ambiguity surrounding the potential risks intrinsic to social media could hinder ethical conduct and discourage use of this innovative method. We used some core principles of traditional human research ethics, that is, respect, integrity, and beneficence, to design our photo elicitation research that explored the social influences of drinking alcohol among 34 underage women in metropolitan South Australia. Facebook aided our communication with participants, including correspondence ranging from recruitment to feeding back results and sharing research data. This article outlines the ethical issues we encountered when using Facebook to interact with participants and provides guidance to researchers planning to incorporate social media as a tool in their qualitative studies. In particular, we raise the issues of privacy and confidentiality as contemporary risks associated with research using social media. | 25,212,856 | [
-0.1426514,
0.3848595,
-0.2518459,
0.04194776,
0.3072752,
0.01079159,
-0.3188844,
-0.07746231,
0.1336914,
-0.3583007,
-0.05911054,
-0.1768121,
-0.05016257,
-0.002504408,
0.0798135,
-0.04688197,
-0.210171,
0.1276197,
-0.3986344,
-0.09666855,
-0.01261381,
0.3993966,
0.05439... |
Effect of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction on unipedal standing balance test. | Foot pain and diminished functional capacity are characteristics of tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction (TPTD). This study tested the hypotheses that women with TPTD would have impaired performance of a unipedal standing balance test (USBT) and that balance performance would be related to the number of single limb heel raises (SLHR). Thirty-nine middle-aged women, 19 with early stage TPTD (stage I and II), were instructed to perform 2 tasks; a USBT and repeated SLHR. Balance success was defined as a 10-second stance. For those who were successful, center of pressure (COP) data in anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions were recorded as a measure of postural sway. SLHR performance was divided into 3 bins (≤2; 3-9 and > 10 repetitions). The between-balance success on performing the SLHR test was analyzed using the Fisher's exact test (2 × 3). Independent t tests were used to compare between-group differences in postural sway. Relationship of postural sway to the number of heel raises was assessed using Spearman's rho. The success rate of the USBT was significantly lower in women with TPTD than the controls (47% vs 85%, P = .041). In addition, women with TPTD who completed the USBT exhibited increased AP COP displacement (14.0 ± 7.4 vs 8.4 ± 1.3 mm, P = .008), and a strong trend of increased ML COP displacement (8.3 ± 4.5 vs 6.1 ± 1.2 mm, P = .050). The success rate of USBT was correlated with the number of SLHR (P = .01). The AP and ML COP displacement were correlated with SLHR (r = -.538 and .495), respectively. Women with TPTD have difficulty in performing the USBT. Performance of the USBT and SLHR are highly correlated and predictive of each other. A unipedal balance test may be used as a proxy TPTD assessment tool to the heel raising test when pain prevents performance. Level III, case control study. | 25,212,864 | [
-0.0106171,
-0.1114695,
0.228893,
-0.2656519,
0.07736471,
-0.6707542,
-0.3768538,
0.2253531,
0.006754621,
-0.648622,
-0.1272122,
-0.06016028,
-0.06639638,
0.2347269,
-0.4798615,
-0.4284848,
0.4556553,
0.0317109,
-0.6742869,
0.008063379,
-0.3412416,
0.2527507,
-0.02557806,... |
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering multiple myeloma. | Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is characterized by an M spike less than 3 g/dL and a bone marrow containing fewer than 10% plasma cells without evidence of CRAB (hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, or bone lesions). Light chain MGUS has an abnormal free light chain (FLC) ratio, increased level of the involved FLC, no monoclonal heavy chain, and fewer than 10% monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Smoldering multiple myeloma has an M protein of at least 3 g/dL and/or at least 10% monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow without CRAB features. | 25,212,882 | [
-0.2908296,
0.1500815,
0.0757605,
-0.2295835,
0.06492199,
-0.009577111,
-0.0813439,
0.2134929,
-0.01263417,
0.1231037,
0.2055259,
0.2495466,
-0.04814571,
-0.01760401,
-0.1700986,
0.0072185,
-0.3765746,
0.072206,
0.4809373,
-0.0650536,
0.1325836,
-0.1119751,
-0.06861385,
... |
Are OPG and RANKL involved in human fracture healing? | Human fracture healing is a complex interaction of several cytokines that regulate osteoblast and osteoclast activity. By monitoring OPG (osteoprotegerin) and sRANKL we aimed to possibly predict normal or impaired fracture healing. In 64 patients with a fracture of a long bone serum level of sRANKL and OPG were evaluated with respect to bony union (n=57) or pseudarthrosis (n=7). Measurements were carried out at admission and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after the injury. Patients' serum levels were compared to 33 healthy controls. Fracture hematoma contained significantly higher sRANKL and OPG concentrations compared to patients serum (p=0.005, p=0.028). OPG level in fracture hematoma was higher compared to the unions serum level (p=0.028). sRANKL was decreased in unions during the observation period. In non-unions sRANKL and OPG levels showed a variable course, with no statistical significance. This is the first study to document the course of OPG and sRANKL in normal and delayed human fracture healing emphasizing its local and systemic involvement. We provide evidence of strongly enhanced OPG levels in patients with a long bone fracture compared to healthy controls. Further, levels of free sRANKL were decreased during regular fracture repair. | 25,212,894 | [
0.07043731,
0.06528644,
-0.03040529,
-0.1900462,
-0.1870743,
-0.1599134,
-0.05268411,
0.2977844,
0.002879114,
0.1057005,
0.1296102,
-0.06281724,
-0.3476434,
-0.3809762,
-0.2690127,
-0.09233522,
0.005715595,
-0.03330454,
0.2580417,
0.1093424,
0.2945718,
-0.04399795,
-0.076... |
Activation and regulation of pathogen sensor RIG-I. | Cells are equipped with a large set of pattern recognition receptors or sensors that detect foreign molecules such as pathogenic nucleic acids and initiate proinflammatory and antimicrobial innate immune responses. RIG-I is a cytosolic sensor that detects 5'-triphosphate double-stranded RNAs produced during infection. RIG-I is responsible for mounting an antimicrobial response against a variety of viruses and intracellular bacteria. RIG-I contains an intricate structural architecture that allows for efficient signaling downstream in the pathway and autoregulation. The RIG-I-mediated antimicrobial pathway is highly regulated in cells requiring various cofactors, negative regulators, and posttranslational modifications. Modulation of RIG-I and RIG-I-mediated signaling in cells by pathogens to evade recognition and activation of the antimicrobial pathway highlights the essential nature of RIG-I in the innate immune response. | 25,212,896 | [
-0.1631775,
0.05930613,
0.06775286,
-0.2407455,
-0.02701211,
-0.1450067,
-0.07803287,
0.2852757,
0.05992821,
-0.04699821,
0.1433928,
-0.05471736,
-0.1706391,
-0.2018327,
-0.4220446,
-0.04363576,
-0.674249,
0.05141042,
-0.0496245,
-0.08909295,
0.1628657,
0.1048121,
-0.2714... |
Obesity-induced cerebral hypoperfusion derived from endothelial dysfunction: one of the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. | Increasing evidence supports the idea that chronic hypoperfusion in the brain is responsible for the pathogenesis underling Alzheimer's disease (AD). Obesity at midlife is associated with the risk of cognitive loss and AD at later life. Obesity decreases cerebral blood flow that is associated with decreased synthesis and actions of nitric oxide (NO) derived from the endothelium and also increases the production of oxidative stress. Increased plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine decreases the production of NO by inhibiting NO synthase activity, leading to cerebral hypoperfusion and cognitive and neurodegenerative changes in AD. Adiponectin has a cerebroprotective action through an eNOSdependent mechanism. Obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and cerebral hypoperfusion enhance the production of β-amyloid that in turn impairs endothelial function; this vicious cycle promotes the pathogenic changes leading to AD. Interrupting this cycle by enhancement of NO-mediated cerebral blood flow is expected to promote prophylaxis against AD pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent advances in prophylactic or therapeutic measures, including physical exercise, nutritionally adequate dietary intake, pharmacological treatments such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antioxidants, and bariatric surgery that are efficient in protecting and retarding the progress of cognitive failure and neurodegeneration. | 25,212,912 | [
-0.243963,
0.1655729,
0.01394777,
-0.3239221,
0.213107,
-0.2641032,
-0.01941304,
-0.1890527,
0.1039904,
0.2893343,
-0.03929916,
-0.03227647,
-0.1201431,
-0.1129121,
-0.2545075,
0.1924756,
-0.2566754,
0.3834645,
-0.06518003,
0.05978917,
-0.3037708,
0.2466844,
-0.05241472,
... |
Prion-like Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease. | The misfolding and aggregation of specific proteins within nervous system occur in most age-associated neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This kind of disorders have been classified as the protein misfolding disease or proteopathy which share key biophysical and biochemical characteristics with prion diseases. In AD, β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau protein, capital agents for the senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, are called 'prionoids' indicating that proteins exhibit prion-like properties. In this review, we describe the prion-like mechanisms in the progression that the Aβ and tau are induced to misfold and self-assemble by a process of templated conformational change and then the lesion caused by the pathogenic agents spread out through the cell-to-cell transportation, including release of intracellular seeds by the donor cell, cellular uptake by the recipient and intercellular transport. This hypothesis will suggest new therapeutic strategies for AD, especially valuable in the pre-symptomatic phase. | 25,212,914 | [
-0.38781,
-0.08626249,
0.08194957,
-0.08231935,
0.1600464,
-0.3435198,
-0.1608436,
0.05128139,
0.2213596,
0.4216864,
-0.09329772,
0.02950594,
0.06391075,
0.2424135,
-0.224023,
0.2959546,
-0.3489336,
0.02411654,
0.009699988,
-0.2445035,
0.2757501,
0.4729902,
-0.1574548,
... |
Trajectories of age-related cognitive decline and potential associated factors of cognitive function in senior citizens of Beijing. | With a longer life expectancy and an increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, investigations on trajectories of cognitive aging have become exciting and promising. This study aimed to estimate the patterns of age-related cognitive decline and the potential associated factors of cognitive function in community-dwelling residents of Beijing, China. In this study, 1248 older adults aged 52-88 years [including 175 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects] completed a battery of neuropsychological scales. The personal information, including demographic information, medical history, eating habits, lifestyle regularity and leisure activities, was also collected. All cognitive function exhibited an agerelated decline in normal volunteers. Piece-wise linear fitting results suggested that performance on the Auditory Verbal Learning Test remained stable until 58 years of age and continued to decline thereafter. The decline in processing speed and executive function began during the early 50's. Scores on visual-spatial and language tests declined after 66 years of age. The decline stage of the general mental status ranged from 63 to 70 years of age. However, the MCI group did not exhibit an obvious age-related decline in most cognitive tests. Multivariate linear regression analyses indicated that education, gender, leisure activities, diabetes and eating habits were associated with cognitive abilities. These results indicated various trajectories of age-related decline across multiple cognitive domains. We also found different patterns of agerelated cognitive decline between MCI and normal elderly. These findings could help improve the guidance of cognitive intervention program and have implications for public policy issues. | 25,212,920 | [
-0.01042178,
0.3642602,
0.07788988,
-0.07156343,
0.1672101,
-0.1847244,
-0.08787902,
-0.01134718,
-0.07001098,
0.06866953,
0.01443247,
0.3240247,
-0.07034577,
0.04941085,
0.1397486,
0.3100974,
-0.2065825,
0.3832817,
-0.2326313,
-0.03820533,
0.1844726,
0.3785003,
0.1344982... |
Developing cross-specialty endovascular simulation training. | Simulation is increasingly recognised as a valuable tool in training tomorrow's doctors. This technology has the potential to improve patient safety and address some of the challenges posed by recent changes in doctors' training, yet the uptake has been slow in the majority of institutions. In our own centre, we noted existing equipment was used infrequently. We sought to address this problem through the development of a 1-day training course in simulation (SIM) and basic interventional skills aimed at trainees from across different endovascular specialties. A 1-day course for trainees in cardiology, interventional radiology and vascular surgery was piloted. A variety of endovascular simulators were used to teach core skills common to all three specialties, under the umbrella theme of safe access, safe navigation and safe closure. Independent continuing use of SIM-based training was encouraged. Trainee and faculty member experiences of SIM training in a cross-specialty environment were explored by interview and online questionnaire. Thirty-six trainees completed the pilot training course. Feedback was almost universally positive, with all trainees agreeing that SIM was useful in achieving the course's objectives, and that they would recommend the course to a colleague. Cross-specialty training was viewed positively by trainees and trainers alike, with benefits identified in knowledge and skills sharing, as well as fostering better clinical collaboration. SIM-based training was perceived as useful in promoting patient safety, and is considered to be a desirable component of future training. We present a SIM-based model that achieves economies of scale by delivering common skill-set training for doctors from different specialties. Through our experiences piloting this course we discuss how the recognised barriers to adopting this new technology may be addressed and offer insights into how SIM may be integrated into existing training programmes. | 25,212,923 | [
-0.2807146,
-0.1488831,
0.0450903,
-0.1192932,
0.2540958,
-0.1244885,
-0.03128742,
-0.2022395,
0.1775727,
0.02193526,
-0.03128294,
-0.02788803,
-0.05825026,
-0.1891941,
-0.4261283,
-0.07466299,
-0.6497658,
0.01075428,
-0.1938347,
0.03232008,
0.2279872,
0.05227693,
0.10152... |
Thirty-Five-Year Presence of African Swine Fever in Sardinia: History, Evolution and Risk Factors for Disease Maintenance. | Despite the implementation of control efforts and funds to fight against the disease, African swine fever (ASF) has been present in Sardinia since 1978. It has caused serious problems for both the industrial pig sector and the regional authorities in Sardinia, as well as the economy of Italy and the European Union, which annually supports the costly eradication programme. During this time, ASF has persisted, especially in the central-east part of Sardinia where almost 75% of the total outbreaks are concentrated. The Sardinian pig sector is clearly divided into two categories based on the specialization and industrialization of production: industrial farms, which represents only 1.8% of the farms in the island and non-professional holdings, which are comprised of small producers (90% of pig holdings have <15 pigs) and apply little to no biosecurity measures. Additionally, illegally raised pigs are still bred in free-ranging systems in certain isolated parts of the island, despite strict regulations. The illegal raising of pigs, along with other high-risk management practices (e.g., use of communal areas) are likely the primary reasons for endemic persistence of the virus in this area. The compensation provided to the farmers, and other aspects of the eradication programme have also negatively influenced eradication efforts, indicating that socio-cultural and economic factors play an important role in the epidemiology of ASF on the island. The aim of this study was to comprehensively review the evolution of the 35-year presence of ASF in Sardinia, including control measures, and the environmental and socio-economic factors that may have contributed to disease endemicity on the island. The present review highlights the need for a coordinated programme that considers these socio-economic and environmental factors and includes an assessment of new cost-effective control strategies and diagnostic tools for effectively controlling ASF in Sardinia. | 25,212,957 | [
-0.2831704,
0.2073631,
0.2667198,
0.1339538,
0.02439474,
-0.1532944,
-0.05718565,
0.0326581,
0.1042504,
-0.2270476,
-0.01563711,
-0.448385,
0.02275685,
-0.1270851,
-0.0950882,
-0.4032831,
-0.207941,
0.1584777,
0.002717436,
0.2478686,
-0.1417352,
0.2559363,
-0.3881012,
0... |
Not all roads can be taken: development induces anisotropic accessibility in morphospace. | Morphospaces are quantitative representations of phenotype space that are widely used in studies of morphological evolution. Do current conceptualizations of morphospaces, however, appropriately reflect the evolutionary dynamics of organisms depicted in these spaces? Most empirical morphospace studies implicitly consider variability of biological forms as isotropic, but such a view appears inadequate when the properties of development mediating phenotypic changes are considered. Here, a trilobite case study is used to visualize the constraints imposed by development on the accessibility structure of morphospace. Variability in the resultant morphospace is strongly anisotropic and reveals discordances between the apparent range of possible phenotypes and their actual accessibility. Homoplasy, directionality, and asymmetry of evolutionary transitions appear as natural consequences of anisotropic variability and point out the limitation of morphological distance for evolutionary inference. Measures of distance in morphospace should be used with considerable caution and must be complemented with developmentally meaningful measures of evolutionary accessibility. | 25,212,955 | [
0.08453956,
-0.1320532,
-0.1099841,
0.02256799,
0.09323525,
-0.3789566,
-0.0841458,
-0.03435313,
0.1243528,
-0.04966695,
-0.0571221,
-0.05501328,
-0.02120543,
0.003996703,
-0.3266463,
-0.02057684,
-0.1939913,
-0.01934971,
-0.2465874,
-0.005004727,
0.282206,
0.2491557,
-0.... |
[Complications associated with hyperglycemia in liver transplant patients]. | Hyperglycemia is a frequent phenomenon in hospitalized patients that is associated with negative outcomes. It is common in liver transplant patients as a result of stress and is related to immunosuppressant drugs. Although studies are few, a history of diabetes and the presentation of hyperglycemia during liver transplantation have been associated with a higher risk for rejection. To analyze whether hyperglycemia during the first 48hours after liver transplantation was associated with a higher risk for infection, rejection, or longer hospital stay. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients above the age of 15years that received a liver transplant. Hyperglycemia was defined as a value above 140mg/dl and it was measured in three different manners (as an isolated value, as a mean value, and as a weighted value over time). The relation of hyperglycemia to a risk for acute rejection, infection, or longer hospital stay was evaluated. Some form of hyperglycemia was present in 94% of the patients during the first 48 post-transplantation hours, regardless of its definition. There was no increased risk for rejection (OR: 1.49; 95%CI: 0.55-4.05), infection (OR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.16-2.25), or longer hospital stay between the patients that presented with hyperglycemia and those that did not. Hyperglycemia during the first 48hours after transplantation appeared to be an expected phenomenon in the majority of patients and was not associated with a greater risk for rejection or infection and it had no impact on the duration of hospital stay. | 25,212,956 | [
0.06813771,
-0.3571966,
-0.2705841,
0.07552629,
0.0299212,
-0.1457326,
0.1345956,
0.0477831,
-0.1963189,
-0.3747905,
0.01477641,
-0.211926,
-0.1661445,
-0.3631652,
-0.1873301,
-0.3151337,
0.1491667,
0.4313152,
0.3596311,
0.04748408,
-0.1533855,
-0.04427018,
0.05502839,
... |
Incidence of surgical site infection after spine surgery: what is the impact of the definition of infection? | Orthopaedic surgical site infections (SSIs) can delay recovery, add impairments, and decrease quality of life, particularly in patients undergoing spine surgery, in whom SSIs may also be more common. Efforts to prevent and treat SSIs of the spine rely on the identification and registration of these adverse events in large databases. The effective use of these databases to answer clinical questions depends on how the conditions in question, such as infection, are defined in the databases queried, but the degree to which different definitions of infection might cause different risk factors to be identified by those databases has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether different definitions of SSI identify different risk factors for SSI. Specifically, we compared the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) coding, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for deep infection, and incision and débridement for infection to determine if each is associated with distinct risk factors for SSI. In this single-center retrospective study, a sample of 5761 adult patients who had an orthopaedic spine surgery between January 2003 and August 2013 were identified from our institutional database. The mean age of the patients was 56 years (± 16 SD), and slightly more than half were men. We applied three different definitions of infection: ICD-9 code for SSI, the CDC criteria for deep infection, and incision and débridement for infection. Three hundred sixty-one (6%) of the 5761 surgeries received an ICD-9 code for SSI within 90 days of surgery. After review of the medical records of these 361 patients, 216 (4%) met the CDC criteria for deep SSI, and 189 (3%) were taken to the operating room for irrigation and débridement within 180 days of the day of surgery. We found the Charlson Comorbidity Index, the duration of the operation, obesity, and posterior surgical approach were independently associated with a higher risk of infection for each of the three definitions of SSI. The influence of malnutrition, smoking, specific procedures, and specific surgeons varied by definition of infection. These elements accounted for approximately 6% of the variability in the risk of developing an infection. The frequency of SSI after spine surgery varied according to the definition of an infection, but the most important risk factors did not. We conclude that large database studies may be better suited for identifying risk factors than for determining absolute numbers of infections. Level III, prognostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. | 25,212,963 | [
-0.07898402,
0.04680777,
-0.1365504,
-0.0686058,
-0.4415903,
-0.3025486,
-0.01201163,
0.04254263,
-0.008775123,
-0.03536119,
-0.2084596,
-0.1615194,
0.1128852,
-0.3804694,
-0.2743294,
-0.09097768,
0.3862945,
0.1022323,
0.08356947,
0.08320849,
-0.03774756,
0.3737514,
0.056... |
Facial responses to basic tastes in the newborns of women with gestational diabetes mellitus. | To compare facial responses to basic tastes among newborns of women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Two-hundred and one healthy newborns, 100 from GDM women were studied at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Brazil. Basic tastes were evaluated through administration of glucose (25%), sodium chloride (1.4%), citric acid (25%) and quinine hydrochloride (25%); 0.2 ml of solution on the dorsal surface of the tongue. All newborns had their face videotaped and facial responses were coded according to the Baby Facial Action Coding System. The frequency of the facial action units was compared among newborns from mothers with and without GDM. Facial responses to salt was more liking among newborns from GDM mothers as compared to controls; 33 (33%) versus 21 (21%), p = 0.039). Facial responses to sweet, sour and bitter showed no differences among newborns from mothers with and without GDM. Facial expressions to basic tastes showed no differences among newborns from controlled and non- controlled GDM mothers. Newborns from GDM mothers seem to have a little more preference taste to salt. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and to verify if these newborns responses to basic tastes remain life-long. | 25,212,980 | [
-0.04258942,
0.1917028,
-0.1664606,
0.21047,
0.3081115,
-0.1735838,
-0.2446582,
-0.300144,
0.1011841,
-0.186855,
0.03572135,
-0.05956673,
-0.3030795,
-0.4626008,
-0.1197395,
-0.4562111,
-0.3361612,
0.2784147,
-0.2927485,
-0.3757987,
0.1215026,
0.0003988411,
0.1329137,
-... |
Shifts in microbiota species and fermentation products in a dietary model enriched in fat and sucrose. | The gastrointestinal tract harbours a 'superorganism' called the gut microbiota, which is known to play a crucial role in the onset and development of diverse diseases. This internal ecosystem, far from being a static environment, can be manipulated by diet and dietary components. Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies. The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks and compare it with the basal microbial composition. For this purpose, DNA extracted from faeces at baseline and after treatment was analysed by amplification of the V4-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene using 454 pyrosequencing. Short-chain fatty acids, i.e. acetate, propionate and butyrate, were also evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). Interestingly, the class Clostridia showed a significant decrease after HFS diet treatment, which correlated with visceral adipose tissue, and is likely mediated by dietary carbohydrates. Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. FCB90-3, Prevotella nanceiensis, Clostridium fusiformis, Clostridium sp. BNL1100 and Eubacterium cylindroides) that, in some cases, showed opposite trends to their relative families. These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development. | 25,213,025 | [
0.06978916,
0.2172756,
0.03897015,
0.1341733,
0.3636386,
-0.2410028,
-0.2292955,
-0.06858084,
0.05620156,
0.2156236,
-0.03362455,
-0.5662523,
0.08449704,
-0.2854855,
-0.7200211,
-0.2177374,
-0.3499348,
-0.112572,
-0.1688246,
-0.07762016,
-0.2675514,
0.3659371,
-0.1304965,... |
The role of atypical infections and macrolide therapy in patients with asthma. | For many years, the clinical benefit of macrolide use has been recognized in specific groups of patients with pulmonary disease. Dramatic improvement in survival of patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis is the most striking example of successful macrolide use as well as treatment of community acquired pneumonia caused by the atypical bacteria Mycoplasma, Chlamydophila, and Legionella. There also has been documentation of reduction in the exacerbation rate and of improvement in quality of life in patients with cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and reduction in post-lung transplantation bronchiolitis frequency. There has long been an interest in treating patients with severe asthma by using macrolides, but research results have not shown consistent clinical benefit in their use in the "general" population of patients with severe asthma. Rather, the successful use of macrolides seems to be in those patients with either documented Mycoplasma or Chlamydophila infection, or noneosinophilic asthma. Patients with neutrophil predominant phenotype severe asthma tend to show a decline in exacerbation rate, improved peak expiratory flows, and improved quality of life when treated with macrolides. This article will review the use of macrolides in the treatment of asthma. | 25,213,043 | [
0.009774237,
0.007850747,
-0.0512958,
-0.1622484,
-0.2081355,
0.0783492,
-0.008435142,
-0.02451385,
-0.1819632,
-0.003567993,
0.2260829,
-0.06118518,
-0.1099638,
0.262141,
0.2985049,
-0.3861799,
0.03616335,
0.1143623,
-0.0664818,
-0.2732227,
-0.04430844,
0.1530141,
-0.020... |
Impact of asthma exacerbations and asthma triggers on asthma-related quality of life in patients with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma. | Few data are available that evaluate the relationship among asthma exacerbations, asthma triggers, and asthma-related quality of life (QoL). To evaluate the impact of asthma exacerbations and asthma triggers on QoL. Patients with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma, ages ≥ 13 years (n = 2679) from the TENOR (The Epidemiology and Natural History of Asthma: Outcomes and Treatment Regimens) 3-year observational study were included. Exacerbations were defined hierarchically in descending order of severity (hospitalization, emergency department [ED] visit, steroid burst, no exacerbation) by using data from months 6 and 12. The total number (frequency) of exacerbations was assessed. Asthma-related QoL was measured at month 12 by using the Mini-Asthma QoL Questionnaire (Mini-AQLQ); self-reported asthma triggers were collected at baseline and annually. We used 1-way ANOVA to test for differences in Mini-AQLQ domain scores across asthma exacerbation severity, the total number of asthma exacerbations, and the number of asthma triggers. A significant decrease (P < .001) in Mini-AQLQ domain scores was seen with increasing severity of asthma exacerbation (no exacerbation, steroid burst, ED visit, and hospitalization); symptom (5.5, 4.8, 4.3, and 4.2), activity (5.8, 5.2, 4.6, and 4.4), emotional (5.6, 5.0, 4.4, and 4.2), exposure (5.0, 4.5, 4.0, and 3.9); and overall (5.5, 4.9, 4.3, and 4.1). Increasing exacerbation frequency and the number of baseline asthma triggers also were associated with significant decreases in Mini-AQLQ domain scores. An increasing number of asthma triggers were associated with an increase in severity and frequency of exacerbations. Avoidance of asthma triggers may reduce exacerbation rates and improve asthma-related QoL in patients with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma. Interventional studies are warranted to further explore these outcomes. | 25,213,047 | [
0.2258058,
0.1108169,
-0.2709444,
0.05009772,
-0.2441258,
-0.2615469,
-0.2886624,
-0.05567144,
-0.1017294,
-0.4891143,
0.1396162,
0.01612699,
-0.3958768,
-0.2055336,
0.1407893,
0.2593573,
0.409448,
0.2104058,
0.1490318,
-0.3577812,
-0.05276274,
0.2198784,
-0.06247586,
-... |
Fluticasone furoate-vilanterol 100-25 mcg compared with fluticasone furoate 100 mcg in asthma: a randomized trial. | The inhaled corticosteroid fluticasone furoate (FF) in combination with the long-acting β2-agonist vilanterol (VI) is under development for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To compare the efficacy and safety of FF-VI and FF in patients (≥ 12 years old) with persistent asthma. In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, patients (n = 609) (intent-to-treat population) received FF-VI 100-25 mcg, FF 100 mcg, or placebo once daily (evening) by using a dry powder inhaler for 12 weeks. Coprimary end points were change from baseline in trough FEV1 and serial (0-24 hours) weighted mean FEV1 (wmFEV(1)). Rescue-free 24-hour periods and safety also were assessed. Placebo increased trough FEV1 (196 mL) and wmFEV(1) (212 mL) versus baseline. Compared with placebo, FF-VI and FF significantly improved trough FEV1 (172 mL [P < .001] and 136 mL [P = .002]), respectively, and serial wmFEV(1) (302 mL [P < .001] and 186 mL [P = .003]), respectively. Treatment differences between FF-VI and FF approached significance for serial wmFEV(1) (116 mL; P = .060) but not for trough FEV1 (36 mL; P = .405). The percentage of rescue-free 24-hour periods with FF-VI was 10.6% greater than FF and 19.3% greater than placebo. Statistically significant (P = .032) urinary cortisol suppression was observed with FF-VI (ratio, 0.82) relative to placebo, but not with FF. Adverse event and safety profiles were similar across treatment groups. Significant improvement in lung function was observed with FF-VI and FF versus placebo in patients with persistent asthma. Improvement of FEV1 when VI was added to FF was not significant. The high placebo response in evening trough FEV1 may have influenced the assessment of efficacy. | 25,213,048 | [
0.02305517,
0.1484723,
-0.1224677,
-0.4484357,
0.08621621,
-0.3340564,
-0.1205358,
0.1591717,
0.1705997,
-0.1853447,
0.09491851,
0.2577668,
-0.04797499,
0.04321287,
-0.1934859,
-0.2568067,
0.2007902,
0.1434833,
-0.1278854,
0.2364458,
-0.3428897,
0.2701234,
-0.2922671,
-... |
Dicopper(II) anthraquinophanes as multielectron reservoirs for oxidation and reduction: a joint experimental and theoretical study. | Two new dinuclear copper(II) metallacyclophanes with 1,4-disubstituted 9,10-anthraquinonebis(oxamate) bridging ligands are reported that can reversibly take and release electrons at the redox-active ligand and metal sites, respectively, to give the corresponding mono- and bis(semiquinonate and/or catecholate) Cu(II)2 species and mixed-valent Cu(II)/Cu(III) and high-valent Cu(III)2 ones. Density functional calculations allow us to give further insights on the dual ligand- and metal-based character of the redox processes in this novel family of antiferromagnetically coupled di- copper(II) anthraquinophanes. This unique ability for charge storage could be the basis for the development of new kinds of molecular spintronic devices, referred to as molecular magnetic capacitors (MMCs). | 25,213,086 | [
-0.2577934,
0.2923309,
0.01315347,
0.09897,
-0.07322532,
-0.219303,
-0.5039293,
0.1905838,
0.1403636,
0.1187346,
-0.1467255,
0.2079897,
-0.02116179,
0.1147761,
-0.8615612,
0.01737966,
-0.3254215,
0.2210871,
-0.08884557,
0.203207,
0.2198609,
0.09363773,
-0.2512732,
0.070... |
Social vulnerability as a predictor of mortality and disability: cross-country differences in the survey of health, aging, and retirement in Europe (SHARE). | Social factors are important for health; the concept of social vulnerability considers them holistically and can be quantified using a social vulnerability index (SVI). Investigate the SVI in relation to mortality and disability, independent of frailty, in middle-aged and older European adults, and examine how this relationship differs across countries. 18,289 community-dwelling participants 50 years and older from SHARE wave 1 (2004) were included in our sample. A 32-item SVI and a 57-item frailty index were calculated for individuals as the proportion of deficits present out of the total number considered. Countries were grouped based on their social model: Nordic (Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden), Continental (France, Austria, Belgium, Germany) and Mediterranean (Greece, Italy, Spain). Outcome measures were 5-year mortality and disability (≥1 dependency with activities of daily living) at wave 4 (2011-2012). High social vulnerability (highest quartile) predicted mortality (HR = 1.25, 95 % CI 1.07-1.45), and disability (OR = 1.36, 95 % CI 1.15-1.62) after controlling for age, sex, baseline disability and frailty level. When analyses were split by social model, social vulnerability remained a significant predictor of mortality for Continental (HR = 1.36, CI 1.05-1.77) and Mediterranean (HR = 1.33, CI 1.03-1.72) countries, but not the Nordic (HR = 1.02, CI 0.76-1.37) countries; the same pattern was observed for disability (Nordic OR = 1.06, CI 0.72-1.55; Continental OR = 1.53, CI 1.20-1.96; Mediterranean OR = 1.58, CI 1.13-2.23). Social vulnerability was a significant predictor of mortality and disability, though when controlling for frailty, this relationship varied by the social model of the country. | 25,213,145 | [
-0.1958886,
0.08270215,
0.3187646,
-0.3162751,
0.04962399,
-0.3534234,
0.0174152,
0.04736278,
-0.1557762,
-0.08177593,
-0.01434951,
-0.1220936,
-0.1013571,
-0.1404589,
0.1818604,
-0.3474582,
-0.3328678,
0.4025672,
-0.05846791,
0.008412818,
0.1481902,
0.523442,
-0.06272061... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.