text stringlengths 1 2.7k | source stringlengths 21 174 |
|---|---|
In the field of medicine, pelletization is referred to as the agglomeration process that converts fine powders or granules into more or less spherical pellets. The use of the technology increased because it allows for the controlled release of dosage form, which also lead to a uniform absorption with less mucosal irrit... | Wikipedia - Pelletizing - Pharmaceutical industry |
In the field of medicine, positive rights of patients often conflict with negative rights of physicians. In controversial areas such as abortion and assisted suicide, medical professionals may not wish to offer certain services for moral or philosophical reasons. If enough practitioners opt out as a result of conscienc... | Wikipedia - Negative right - In medicine |
This controversy over positive and negative rights in medicine has seen an ongoing public debate between conservative ethicist Wesley J. Smith and bioethicist Jacob M. Appel. In discussing Baxter v. Montana, Appel has written: Medical licenses are a limited commodity, reflecting an artificial shortage created by a part... | Wikipedia - Negative right - In medicine |
Physicians benefit from this arrangement in that a smaller number of physicians inevitably leads to increased rates of reimbursement. There's nothing inherently wrong with this arrangement. It belies any claim that doctors should have the same right to choose their customers as barbers or babysitters. Much as the gover... | Wikipedia - Negative right - In medicine |
In the field of metallurgy, Aphelion ActiveX components have been used to do metallography in conjunction with electron microscopes (SEM) and microprobe (EDS) to quantify and analyze inclusions in steel. Carbon dispersion in one step of font production has also been analyzed using image processing techniques.During the... | Wikipedia - Aphelion (software) - Materials science |
The size of the threads can modify the matrix distribution used to combine this material. The study of the distribution of metallic elements in composite materials and alloys, such as AlSiC is usually performed by granulometry involving image processing and analysis. Porosity of macromolecular materials as xerogel is s... | Wikipedia - Aphelion (software) - Materials science |
First, a correlation has been established between the light intensity from a laser plane PLIF described as grey level values, and concentrations going through that plane. The correlation was then used to quantify concentration evolutions using image processing. In the field of industrial water treatment and sewage trea... | Wikipedia - Aphelion (software) - Materials science |
Each section is processed as a 2D image, a binary threshold is then applied to discriminate between air and the humid material, and finally a 3D reconstruction is performed to track the volume evolution of cracks during the drying process. This last process is important to treat sewage sludge to be landfilled, incinera... | Wikipedia - Aphelion (software) - Materials science |
The automatic analysis helped to track the crack evolution depending on the origin of different sludges. The image processing involved a histogram equalization followed by an Otsu threshold. Aphelion has also been used in the field of XRay microtomography to perform statistical analysis of foams (number of bubble faces... | Wikipedia - Aphelion (software) - Materials science |
In the field of micro and nanorobotics, the Strouhal number is used alongside the Reynolds number in analyzing the impact of an external oscillatory fluidic flow on the body of a microrobot. When considering a microrobot with cyclic motion, the Strouhal number can be evaluated as St = f L U {\displaystyle {\text{St}}={... | Wikipedia - Strouhal number - Micro/Nanorobotics |
In the field of microbiome research, a group of species is said to show a phylosymbiotic signal if the degree of similarity between the species' microbiomes recapitulates to a significant extent their evolutionary history. In other words, a phylosymbiotic signal among a group of species is evident if their microbiome s... | Wikipedia - Phylosymbiosis - Summary |
In the field of microbotics, strategies which exploit magnetic levitation have been investigated. In particular, it has been demonstrated that through such a technique, control of multiple microscale-sized agents within a defined workspace can be achieved. Several research studies report the realization of different cu... | Wikipedia - Diamagnetic levitation - Microbotics |
In the field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), nuclear engineers at the University of Wisconsin, Madison have explored the possibilities of producing minuscule batteries which exploit radioactive nuclei of substances such as polonium or curium to produce electric energy. As an example of an integrated, self-pow... | Wikipedia - Nuclear battery - Micro-batteries |
In the field of microwave engineering and circuit design, the Wilkinson Power Divider is a specific class of power divider circuit that can achieve isolation between the output ports while maintaining a matched condition on all ports. The Wilkinson design can also be used as a power combiner because it is made up of pa... | Wikipedia - Wilkinson power divider - Summary |
In the field of military theory, the operational level of war (also called operational art, as derived from Russian: оперативное искусство, or operational warfare) represents the level of command that connects the details of tactics with the goals of strategy.In Joint U.S. military doctrine, operational art is "the cog... | Wikipedia - Operational warfare - Summary |
Likewise, operational art provides theory and skills, and the operational level permits doctrinal structure and process.The operational level of war is concerned with four essential elements: time, space, means, and purpose. Through means such as directing troops and allocating (limited) resources (among others), opera... | Wikipedia - Operational warfare - Summary |
During the 20th century, the nascent field of operations research flourished as a result of military efforts to improve logistics and decision making. The operational level of war sits between tactics, which consists of organizing and employing fighting forces on or near the battlefield, and strategy, which involves as... | Wikipedia - Operational warfare - Summary |
In the field of mineralogy, fracture is the texture and shape of a rock's surface formed when a mineral is fractured. Minerals often have a highly distinctive fracture, making it a principal feature used in their identification. Fracture differs from cleavage in that the latter involves clean splitting along the cleava... | Wikipedia - Fracture (mineralogy) - Summary |
In the field of mobile communications, a "generation" generally refers to a change in the fundamental nature of the service, non-backwards-compatible transmission technology, higher peak bit rates, new frequency bands, wider channel frequency bandwidth in Hertz, and higher capacity for many simultaneous data transfers ... | Wikipedia - 4G - Background |
While the ITU has adopted recommendations for technologies that would be used for future global communications, they do not actually perform the standardization or development work themselves, instead relying on the work of other standard bodies such as IEEE, WiMAX Forum, and 3GPP. In the mid-1990s, the ITU-R standardi... | Wikipedia - 4G - Background |
The fastest 3G-based standard in the UMTS family is the HSPA+ standard, which has been commercially available since 2009 and offers 21 Mbit/s downstream (11 Mbit/s upstream) without MIMO, i.e. with only one antenna, and in 2011 accelerated up to 42 Mbit/s peak bit rate downstream using either DC-HSPA+ (simultaneous use... | Wikipedia - 4G - Background |
In the field of molecular biology the 6S RNA is a non-coding RNA that was one of the first to be identified and sequenced. What it does in the bacterial cell was unknown until recently. In the early 2000s scientists found out the function of 6S RNA to be as a regulator of sigma 70-dependent gene transcription. | Wikipedia - 6S / SsrS RNA - Summary |
All bacterial RNA polymerases have a subunit called a sigma factor. The sigma factors are important because they control how DNA promoter binding and RNA transcription start sites. Sigma 70 was the first one to be discovered in Escherichia coli. | Wikipedia - 6S / SsrS RNA - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, a corepressor is a molecule that represses the expression of genes. In prokaryotes, corepressors are small molecules whereas in eukaryotes, corepressors are proteins. A corepressor does not directly bind to DNA, but instead indirectly regulates gene expression by binding to repressors... | Wikipedia - Corepressor (genetics) - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, a two-component regulatory system serves as a basic stimulus-response coupling mechanism to allow organisms to sense and respond to changes in many different environmental conditions. Two-component systems typically consist of a membrane-bound histidine kinase that senses a specific e... | Wikipedia - Two-component system - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, apolipoprotein C is a family of four low molecular weight apolipoproteins, designated as C-I, C-II, C-III, and C-IV that are surface components of chylomicrons, VLDL, and HDL. In the fasting state, the C apolipoproteins are mainly associated with HDL. During absorption of dietary fat,... | Wikipedia - Apolipoprotein C - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, enterotoxin type B, also known as Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), is an enterotoxin produced by the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It is a common cause of food poisoning, with severe diarrhea, nausea and intestinal cramping often starting within a few hours of inges... | Wikipedia - Enterotoxin type B - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, gene expression profiling is the measurement of the activity (the expression) of thousands of genes at once, to create a global picture of cellular function. These profiles can, for example, distinguish between cells that are actively dividing, or show how the cells react to a particu... | Wikipedia - Digital gene expression profiling - Summary |
Several transcriptomics technologies can be used to generate the necessary data to analyse. DNA microarrays measure the relative activity of previously identified target genes. Sequence based techniques, like RNA-Seq, provide information on the sequences of genes in addition to their expression level. | Wikipedia - Digital gene expression profiling - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, myocyte enhancer factor-2 (Mef2) proteins are a family of transcription factors which through control of gene expression are important regulators of cellular differentiation and consequently play a critical role in embryonic development. In adult organisms, Mef2 proteins mediate the s... | Wikipedia - Mef2 - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, nuclear receptors are a class of proteins responsible for sensing steroids, thyroid hormones, vitamins, and certain other molecules. These intracellular receptors work with other proteins to regulate the expression of specific genes thereby controlling the development, homeostasis, an... | Wikipedia - Ligand-binding domain - Summary |
Ligand binding to a nuclear receptor results in a conformational change activating the receptor. The result is up- or down-regulation of gene expression. | Wikipedia - Ligand-binding domain - Summary |
A unique property of nuclear receptors that differentiates them from other classes of receptors is their direct control of genomic DNA. Nuclear receptors play key roles in both embryonic development and adult homeostasis. As discussed below nuclear receptors are classified according to mechanism or homology. | Wikipedia - Ligand-binding domain - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptors (RORs) are a family of tyrosine kinase receptors that are important in regulating skeletal and neuronal development, cell migration and cell polarity. ROR proteins (ROR1 and ROR2 in humans) can modulate Wnt signaling by sequestering Wnt l... | Wikipedia - Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, the ETS (E26 transformation-specific or E-twenty-six. (Erythroblast Transformation Specific)) family is one of the largest families of transcription factors and is unique to animals. There are 29 genes in humans, 28 in the mouse, 10 in Caenorhabditis elegans and 9 in Drosophila. The f... | Wikipedia - ETS transcription factor family - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, the cAMP-dependent pathway, also known as the adenylyl cyclase pathway, is a G protein-coupled receptor-triggered signaling cascade used in cell communication. | Wikipedia - CAMP-dependent pathway - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes. PPARs play essential roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, development, and metabolism (carbohydra... | Wikipedia - Peroxisome proliferator - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, the pregnane X receptor (PXR), also known as the steroid and xenobiotic sensing nuclear receptor (SXR) or nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 (NR1I2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR1I2 (nuclear Receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2) gene. | Wikipedia - Pregnane X receptor - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, trans-acting (trans-regulatory, trans-regulation), in general, means "acting from a different molecule" (i.e., intermolecular). It may be considered the opposite of cis-acting (cis-regulatory, cis-regulation), which, in general, means "acting from the same molecule" (i.e., intramolecu... | Wikipedia - In trans - Summary |
microRNAs or other diffusible molecules are also examples of trans-acting factors that can regulate target sequences. The trans-acting gene may be on a different chromosome to the target gene, but the activity is via the intermediary protein or RNA that it encodes. Cis-acting elements, on the other hand, do not code fo... | Wikipedia - In trans - Summary |
In the field of molecular biology, transrepression is a process whereby one protein represses (i.e., inhibits) the activity of a second protein through a protein-protein interaction. Since this repression occurs between two different protein molecules (intermolecular), it is referred to as a trans-acting process. The p... | Wikipedia - Transrepression - Summary |
Hence the net result of transrepression is down regulation of gene transcription. An example of transrepression is the ability of the glucocorticoid receptor to inhibit the transcriptional promoting activity of the AP-1 and NF-κB transcription factors. In addition to transactivation, transrepression is an important pat... | Wikipedia - Transrepression - Summary |
In the field of molecular modeling, docking is a method which predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to a second when a ligand and a target are bound to each other to form a stable complex. Knowledge of the preferred orientation in turn may be used to predict the strength of association or binding affinity ... | Wikipedia - Ligand docking - Summary |
Therefore, docking is useful for predicting both the strength and type of signal produced. Molecular docking is one of the most frequently used methods in structure-based drug design, due to its ability to predict the binding-conformation of small molecule ligands to the appropriate target binding site. Characterisatio... | Wikipedia - Ligand docking - Summary |
In the field of molecular phylogenetics, the distances and relationships between species are investigated by looking at the DNA, RNA or amino acid sequences of an organism. When phylogenetic trees are constructed without considering possible saturation, the possibility of multiple substitutions can cause the distance b... | Wikipedia - Genetic saturation - Impact on phylogenetics |
Substitution decreases the amount of phylogenetic information that can be contained in sequences, especially when deep branches are involved. This is particularly evident in studies examining arthropod groups. Furthermore, saturation effects can lead to a gross underestimation of divergence time. This is mainly attribu... | Wikipedia - Genetic saturation - Impact on phylogenetics |
In the field of molecular physics, microwave spectroscopy is commonly used to probe the rotation of molecules. | Wikipedia - Microwave spectroscopy - In molecular physics |
In the field of motion pictures, the many-layered type of color film normally called an integral tripack in broader contexts has long been known by the less tongue-twisting term monopack. For many years, Monopack (capitalized) was a proprietary product of Technicolor Corp, whereas monopack (not capitalized) generically... | Wikipedia - Color motion picture film - Monopack color film |
This, notwithstanding the facts that Technicolor never had the capability to manufacture sensitized motion picture films of any kind, nor single-strip color films based upon its so-called "Troland Patent" (which Technicolor maintained covered all monopack-type films in general, and which Eastman Kodak elected not to co... | Wikipedia - Color motion picture film - Monopack color film |
Monopack color films are based on the subtractive color system, which filters colors from white light by using superimposed cyan, magenta and yellow dye images. Those images are created from records of the amounts of red, green and blue light present at each point of the image formed by the camera lens. A subtractive p... | Wikipedia - Color motion picture film - Monopack color film |
Eastman Kodak's monopack color films incorporated three separate layers of differently color sensitive emulsion into one strip of film. Each layer recorded one of the additive primaries and was processed to produce a dye image in the complementary subtractive primary. Kodachrome was the first commercially successful ap... | Wikipedia - Color motion picture film - Monopack color film |
For professional motion picture photography, Kodachrome Commercial, on a 35mm BH-perforated base, was available exclusively from Technicolor, as its so-called "Technicolor Monopack" product. Similarly, for sub-professional motion picture photography, Kodachrome Commercial, on a 16mm base, was available exclusively from... | Wikipedia - Color motion picture film - Monopack color film |
In the 35mm case, Technicolor dye-transfer printing was a "tie-in" product. In the 16mm case, there were Eastman Kodak duplicating and printing stocks and associated chemistry, not the same as a "tie-in" product. In exceptional cases, Technicolor offered 16mm dye-transfer printing, but this necessitated the exceptional... | Wikipedia - Color motion picture film - Monopack color film |
A late modification to the "Monopack Agreement", the "Imbibition Agreement", finally allowed Technicolor to economically manufacture 16mm dye-transfer prints as so-called "double-rank" 35/32mm prints (two 16mm prints on a 35mm base that was originally perforated at the 16mm specification for both halves, and was later ... | Wikipedia - Color motion picture film - Monopack color film |
Eastmancolor, introduced in 1950, was Kodak's first economical, single-strip 35 mm negative-positive process incorporated into one strip of film. This eventually rendered Three-Strip color photography obsolete, even though, for the first few years of Eastmancolor, Technicolor continued to offer Three-Strip origination ... | Wikipedia - Color motion picture film - Monopack color film |
Hollywood studios waited until an improved version of Eastmancolor negative came out in 1952 before using it; This is Cinerama was an early film which employed three separate and interlocked strips of Eastmancolor negative. This is Cinerama was initially printed on Eastmancolor positive, but its significant success eve... | Wikipedia - Color motion picture film - Monopack color film |
Indeed, Technicolor Corp became one of the best, if not the best, processor of Eastmancolor negative, especially for so-called "wide gauge" negatives (5-perf 65mm, 8- and 6-perf 35mm), yet it far preferred its own 35mm dye-transfer printing process for Eastmancolor-originated films with a print run that exceeded 500 pr... | Wikipedia - Color motion picture film - Monopack color film |
Indeed, some Eastmancolor-originated films billed as "Color by Technicolor" were never actually printed using the dye-transfer process, due in part to the throughput limitations of Technicolor's dye-transfer printing process, and competitor DeLuxe's superior throughput. Incredibly, DeLuxe once had a license to install ... | Wikipedia - Color motion picture film - Monopack color film |
As an archival format, Technicolor prints are one of the most stable color print processes yet created, and prints properly cared for are estimated to retain their color for centuries. With the introduction of Eastmancolor low-fade positive print (LPP) films, properly stored (at 45 °F or 7 °C and 25 percent relative hu... | Wikipedia - Color motion picture film - Monopack color film |
In the field of multivariate statistics, kernel principal component analysis (kernel PCA) is an extension of principal component analysis (PCA) using techniques of kernel methods. Using a kernel, the originally linear operations of PCA are performed in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. | Wikipedia - Kernel principal component analysis - Summary |
In the field of muography, the transmission coefficient is defined as the ratio of the transmission through the object over the incident muon flux. By applying the muon's range through matter to the open-sky muon energy spectrum, the value of the fraction of incident muon flux that is transmitted through the object can... | Wikipedia - Muon Tomography - Process |
in silica dioxide whereas the range is reduced to 400 m.w.e. for 100 GeV muons. This range varies if the material is different, e.g., 1 TeV muons have a CSDA range of 1500 m.w.e. | Wikipedia - Muon Tomography - Process |
in lead.The numbers (or later colors) forming a muogram are displayed in terms of the transmitted number of muon events. Each pixel in the muogram is a two dimensional unit based on the angular resolution of the apparatus. The phenomenon that muography cannot differentiate density variations is called the "Volume Effec... | Wikipedia - Muon Tomography - Process |
Volume Effects happen when a large amount of low density materials and a thin layer of high density materials cause the same attenuation in muon flux. Therefore, in order to avoid false data arising from Volume Effects, the exterior shape of the volume has to be accurately determined and used for analyzing the data. ==... | Wikipedia - Muon Tomography - Process |
In the field of natural horsemanship, it is a common practice to work a horse loose in a round pen 40 to 70 feet (12 to 21 m) in diameter. (50 to 60 feet (15 to 18 m) feet is considered standard). This is sometimes called free longeing or work at liberty, because the horse is asked to travel in a circle and obey human ... | Wikipedia - Longe whip - Roundpenning, liberty work and "free longeing" |
The handler uses voice, body language and a lariat or a longe whip to give commands to the horse, eventually teaching it to speed up, slow down, stop and change direction on command. A variation of these techniques are also used by circus trainers to train horses and other animals, such as elephants to work in a ring f... | Wikipedia - Longe whip - Roundpenning, liberty work and "free longeing" |
In the field of near-death research, the following phenomenon, among others, occurs: For example, during some brain operations the brain is artificially and measurably deactivated. Nevertheless, some patients report during this phase that they have perceived what is happening in their surroundings, i.e. that they have ... | Wikipedia - Philosophy of mind - Near-death research |
In the field of networking, the Government Secure Intranet (GSi) puts in place a secure link between central government departments. It is an IP-based virtual private network based on broadband technology introduced in April 1998 and further upgraded in February 2004. Among other things, it offers a variety of advanced... | Wikipedia - Digital governance - Internal G2G (UK) |
In the field of neurology, seizure types are categories of seizures defined by seizure behavior, symptoms, and diagnostic tests. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2017 classification of seizures is the internationally recognized standard for identifying seizure types. The ILAE 2017 classification of seiz... | Wikipedia - Seizure types - Summary |
In the field of neurology, temporal lobe epilepsy is an enduring brain disorder that causes unprovoked seizures from the temporal lobe. Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of focal onset epilepsy among adults. Seizure symptoms and behavior distinguish seizures arising from the medial temporal lobe from seizu... | Wikipedia - Psychomotor epileptic - Summary |
Memory and psychiatric comorbidities may occur. Diagnosis relies on electroencephalographic (EEG) and neuroimaging studies. Anticonvulsant medications, epilepsy surgery and dietary treatments may improve seizure control. | Wikipedia - Psychomotor epileptic - Summary |
In the field of nonparametric optimization, Voronoi manifolds serve as valuable tools for reducing the sample size and selecting promising points. They help identify regions of interest where experiments or evaluations should be focused, leading to efficient optimization algorithms and improved convergence rates. | Wikipedia - Voronoi manifold - Nonparametric Optimization |
In the field of nuclear engineering, a rabbit is a pneumatically controlled tool used to insert small samples of material inside the core of a nuclear reactor, usually for the purpose of studying the effect of irradiation on the material. Some rabbits have special linings to screen out certain types of neutrons. (For e... | Wikipedia - Rabbit (nuclear engineering) - Summary |
In the field of nuclear engineering, absorption hardening is the increase in average energy of neutrons in a population by preferential absorption of lower-energy neutrons. This occurs because absorption cross-sections typically increase for lower neutron energies. | Wikipedia - Absorption hardening - Summary |
In the field of number theory, the Brun sieve (also called Brun's pure sieve) is a technique for estimating the size of "sifted sets" of positive integers which satisfy a set of conditions which are expressed by congruences. It was developed by Viggo Brun in 1915 and later generalized to the fundamental lemma of sieve ... | Wikipedia - Brun sieve - Summary |
In the field of numerical analysis, meshfree methods are those that do not require connection between nodes of the simulation domain, i.e. a mesh, but are rather based on interaction of each node with all its neighbors. As a consequence, original extensive properties such as mass or kinetic energy are no longer assigne... | Wikipedia - Reproducing kernel particle method - Summary |
In the field of nursing, the ethics of care has been criticized by Peter Allmark, Helga Kuhse, and John Paley. Allmark criticized its focus on the mental state of the carer, on the grounds that subjectively caring does not prevent an individual's care from being harmful. Allmark also criticized the theory for being at ... | Wikipedia - Ethics of care - Criticism |
In the field of obstetrics, lochia is the vaginal discharge after giving birth, containing blood, mucus, and uterine tissue. Lochia discharge typically continues for four to eight weeks after childbirth, a time known as the postpartum period or puerperium. A 2016 review ties this "lochial period" to worldwide customs o... | Wikipedia - Lochia - Summary |
In the field of oncology, ‘hyperthermia’ refers to treatment of malignant diseases by administration of heat to the body to a given location. Hyperthermia is often applied in combination with established treatment modalities for tumor treatment. Temperatures above 40 °C are often favourable conditions for receptiveness... | Wikipedia - Skin temperature - Therapeutic hyperthermia |
In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without appreciable scattering of light. On a macroscopic scale (one in which the dimensions are much larger than the wavelengths of the photons in question), the photons... | Wikipedia - Transparency and translucency - Summary |
A transparent material is made up of components with a uniform index of refraction. Transparent materials appear clear, with the overall appearance of one color, or any combination leading up to a brilliant spectrum of every color. The opposite property of translucency is opacity. | Wikipedia - Transparency and translucency - Summary |
Other categories of visual appearance, related to the perception of regular or diffuse reflection and transmission of light, have been organized under the concept of cesia in an order system with three variables, including transparency, translucency and opacity among the involved aspects. When light encounters a materi... | Wikipedia - Transparency and translucency - Summary |
Photons interact with an object by some combination of reflection, absorption and transmission. Some materials, such as plate glass and clean water, transmit much of the light that falls on them and reflect little of it; such materials are called optically transparent. Many liquids and aqueous solutions are highly tran... | Wikipedia - Transparency and translucency - Summary |
Absence of structural defects (voids, cracks, etc.) and molecular structure of most liquids are mostly responsible for excellent optical transmission. Materials which do not transmit light are called opaque. | Wikipedia - Transparency and translucency - Summary |
Many such substances have a chemical composition which includes what are referred to as absorption centers. Many substances are selective in their absorption of white light frequencies. They absorb certain portions of the visible spectrum while reflecting others. | Wikipedia - Transparency and translucency - Summary |
The frequencies of the spectrum which are not absorbed are either reflected or transmitted for our physical observation. This is what gives rise to color. | Wikipedia - Transparency and translucency - Summary |
The attenuation of light of all frequencies and wavelengths is due to the combined mechanisms of absorption and scattering.Transparency can provide almost perfect camouflage for animals able to achieve it. This is easier in dimly-lit or turbid seawater than in good illumination. Many marine animals such as jellyfish ar... | Wikipedia - Transparency and translucency - Summary |
In the field of optimization, linear programming studies the maxima and minima of linear functions; these maxima and minima occur on the boundary of an n-dimensional polytope. In linear programming, polytopes occur in the use of generalized barycentric coordinates and slack variables. In twistor theory, a branch of the... | Wikipedia - Polytope - Applications |
In the field of ordinary differential equations, the Mingarelli identity is a theorem that provides criteria for the oscillation and non-oscillation of solutions of some linear differential equations in the real domain. It extends the Picone identity from two to three or more differential equations of the second order. | Wikipedia - Mingarelli identity - Summary |
In the field of ordinary differential equations, the Picone identity, named after Mauro Picone, is a classical result about homogeneous linear second order differential equations. Since its inception in 1910 it has been used with tremendous success in association with an almost immediate proof of the Sturm comparison t... | Wikipedia - Picone identity - Summary |
In the field of organic chemistry, a polycyclic compound is an organic compound featuring several closed rings of atoms, primarily carbon. These ring substructures include cycloalkanes, aromatics, and other ring types. They come in sizes of three atoms and upward, and in combinations of linkages that include tethering ... | Wikipedia - Pentacyclic compound - Summary |
Though poly- literally means "many", there is some latitude in determining how many rings are required to be considered polycyclic; many smaller rings are described by specific prefixes (e.g., bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, etc.), and so while it can refer to these, the title term is used with most specificity when ... | Wikipedia - Pentacyclic compound - Summary |
In the field of paleochemotaxonomy the presence of biogenic substances in geological sediments is useful for comparing old and modern biological samples and species. These biological markers can be used to verify the biological origin of fossils and serve as paleo-ecological markers. For example, the presence of prista... | Wikipedia - Biogenic substance - Paleochemotaxonomy |
In the field of particle physics, ATLAS studies different types of processes detected or detectable in energetic collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). For the processes already known, it is a matter of measuring more and more accurately the properties of known particles or finding quantitative confirmations of... | Wikipedia - ATLAS experiment - Experimental program |
In the field of pharmacokinetics, the area under the curve (AUC) is the definite integral of the concentration of a drug in blood plasma as a function of time (this can be done using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry). In practice, the drug concentration is measured at certain discrete points in time and the trap... | Wikipedia - Area under the curve (pharmacokinetics) - Summary |
In the field of pharmacology, a selective receptor modulator or SRM is a type of drug that has different effects in different tissues. A SRM may behave as an agonist in some tissues while as an antagonist in others. Hence selective receptor modulators are sometimes referred to as tissue selective drugs or mixed agonist... | Wikipedia - Selective receptor modulator - Summary |
In the field of pharmacology, a superagonist is a type of agonist that is capable of producing a maximal response greater than the endogenous agonist for the target receptor, and thus has an efficacy of more than 100%. For example, goserelin is a superagonist of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. | Wikipedia - Superagonist - Summary |
In the field of pharmacology, diphemanil metilsulfate also known as diphemanil methylsulfate is an antimuscarinic (an agent that blocks the action of the natural neurotransmitter acetylcholine). == References == | Wikipedia - Diphemanil metilsulfate - Summary |
In the field of pharmacy, compounding (performed in compounding pharmacies) is preparation of custom medications to fit unique needs of patients that cannot be met with mass-produced products. This may be done, for example, to provide medication in a form easier for a given patient to ingest (e.g., liquid vs. tablet), ... | Wikipedia - Compounding pharmacies - Summary |
Hospital pharmacies typically engage in compounding medications for intravenous administration, whereas outpatient or community pharmacies typically engage in compounding medications for oral or topical administration. Due to the rising cost of compounding and drug shortages, some hospitals outsource their compounding ... | Wikipedia - Compounding pharmacies - Summary |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.