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as part of schmidt's proof, he proves that a finite p - group is a modular group if and only if every subgroup is permutable, by ( schmidt 1994, lemma 2. 3. 2, p. 55 ). every subgroup of a finite p - group is subnormal, and those finite groups in which subnormality and permutability coincide are called pt - groups. in ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, groups of individual data points may be classified as belonging to any of various statistical data types, e. g. categorical ( " red ", " blue ", " green " ), real number ( 1. 68, - 5, 1. 7e + 6 ), odd number ( 1, 3, 5 ) etc. the data type is a fundamental component of the semantic content of the variable... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, specifically in group theory, the prufer p - group or the p - quasicyclic group or p∞ - group, z ( p∞ ), for a prime number p is the unique p - group in which every element has p different p - th roots. the prufer p - groups are countable abelian groups that are important in the classification of infini... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, generalized iterative scaling ( gis ) and improved iterative scaling ( iis ) are two early algorithms used to fit log - linear models, notably multinomial logistic regression ( maxent ) classifiers and extensions of it such as maxent markov models and conditional random fields. these algorithms have been... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the eoq model, it is assumed that the orders are received all at once. however, in the ebq model, this assumption is relaxed. there are two types of costs : those which increase with the batch size such as working capital investment in materials and labor, cost of handling and storing materials, insurance and tax ch... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the functional dependencies, along with the attribute domains, are selected so as to generate constraints that would exclude as much data inappropriate to the user domain from the system as possible. a notion of logical implication is defined for functional dependencies in the following way : a set of functional depend... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
another proof, which is a simplification of lambert's proof, is due to miklos laczkovich. many of these are proofs by contradiction. in 1882, ferdinand von lindemann proved that π { \ displaystyle \ pi } is not just irrational, but transcendental as well. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics and related subjects, understanding a mathematical expression depends on an understanding of symbols of grouping, such as parentheses ( ), brackets, and braces { }. these same symbols are also used in ways where they are not symbols of grouping. for example, in the expression 3 ( x + y ) the parentheses ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the radical of an ideal in a commutative ring. in geometry, the convex hull of a set s of points is the smallest convex set of which s is a subset. in formal languages, the kleene closure of a language can be described as the set of strings that can be made by concatenating zero or more strings from that language. in g... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the terms real vector space and complex vector space are often used to specify the nature of the scalars : real coordinate space or complex coordinate space. vector spaces generalize euclidean vectors, which allow modeling of physical quantities, such as forces and velocity, that have not only a magnitude, but also a d... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a zorn ring is an alternative ring in which for every non - nilpotent x there exists an element y such that xy is a non - zero idempotent ( kaplansky 1968, pages 19, 25 ). kaplansky ( 1951 ) named them after max august zorn, who studied a similar condition in ( zorn 1941 ). for associative rings, the de... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical finance, if security weights maximize the expected geometric growth rate ( which is equivalent to maximizing log wealth ), then a portfolio is growth optimal. computations of growth optimal portfolios can suffer tremendous garbage in, garbage out problems. for example, the cases below take as given the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for example, during marine transfer operations when flammable products are transferred between the marine terminal and tanker ships or barges, two - way radio communication needs to be constantly maintained in case the transfer needs to stop for unforeseen reasons such as a spill. the united states coast guard requires... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory — specifically, in stochastic analysis — a killed process is a stochastic process that is forced to assume an undefined or " killed " state at some ( possibly random ) time. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
it is used as an optimality criterion in parameter selection and model selection. in general, total sum of squares = explained sum of squares + residual sum of squares. for a proof of this in the multivariate ordinary least squares ( ols ) case, see partitioning in the general ols model. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
b { \ displaystyle z \ neq x \ \ to ( \ lambda z. b ) = \ lambda z. b } this is to stop bound variables with the same name being substituted. this would not have occurred in a canonically renamed lambda expression. for example the previous rules would have wrongly translated, ( λ x. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in matrix theory, sylvester's determinant identity is an identity useful for evaluating certain types of determinants. it is named after james joseph sylvester, who stated this identity without proof in 1851. given an n - by - n matrix a { \ displaystyle a }, let det ( a ) { \ displaystyle \ det ( a ) } denote its dete... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this trick is mentioned by kleene ( 1952 ) p. 223. the problem arises when the number to be created exhausts the number of instructions available to the finite state machine ; there is always a bigger constant than the number of instructions available to the finite state machine. unbounded numbers of registers versus b... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the number 1 is then appended to the end of c { \ displaystyle c }, and the extrapolated limit is s = x c i = 1 k c i, { \ displaystyle s = { xc \ over \ sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { k } c _ { i } }, } where x = ( x 2, x 3,..., x k + 1 ) { \ displaystyle x = ( x _ { 2 }, x _ { 3 },..., x _ { k + 1 } ) } is the matrix whose colu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in sequential search, a consumer looks for a product or service one at a time until they find it, mccall j. j. introduced this type of search to economics. in economics, the sequential search model is used to examine how consumers choose which goods or services to purchase when they have asymmetrical information ( inco... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory and statistics, the gamma distribution is a two - parameter family of continuous probability distributions. the exponential distribution, erlang distribution, and chi - squared distribution are special cases of the gamma distribution. there are two equivalent parameterizations in common use : with... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the value associated with the largest identifier in that majority is v2, so it must propose it. this proposer then gets all acceptors to accept v2, achieving consensus. proposer acceptor learner | | | | | | | | | | | x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > | - > | - > | - > | - > | | | prepare ( 1 ) | < - - - - - - - - - - -... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this fact is called weak duality. in general, the optimal values of the primal and dual problems need not be equal. their difference is called the duality gap. for convex optimization problems, the duality gap is zero under a constraint qualification condition. this fact is called strong duality. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
there is a standard, etsi es 202 130, that covers european languages and other languages used in europe, published by the independent etsi organisation in 2003 and updated in 2007. work describing some principles of the standard is available. since many newer smartphones, such as the palm treo and blackberry, have full... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
egalitarian zero the index i ( x ) is zero in the egalitarian case, when all values xi are equal. bounded above by maximum inequality the index i ( x ) attains its maximum value for maximum inequality. ( all xi are zero except one ) this value is usually unity as the number of agents n approaches infinity. subgroup dec... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
but they will not be maintained. another issue is that an xml document can be transcoded from one encoding to another during transport. when the xml document is converted to a more limited character set, such as ascii, characters that can no longer be represented are converted to nnn ; character references for a lossle... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in most wireless ad hoc networks, the nodes compete for access to shared wireless medium, often resulting in collisions ( interference ). collisions can be handled using centralized scheduling or distributed contention access protocols. using cooperative wireless communications improves immunity to interference by havi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to adapt to the changes, the linuxtag focused on the core issue of the professional use of open source software in 2014. therefore, linuxtag started a strategic partnership with the droidcon. the 20th linuxtag took place between 8 and 10 may 2014 in the station berlin. in spatial and temporal proximity were th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the framework is developed and supported by the science of high - performance computing ( shpc ) group of the oden institute for computational engineering and sciences at the university of texas at austin and the matthews research group at southern methodist university. blis yields high performance on many current cpu ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistical mechanics, bootstrap percolation is a percolation process in which a random initial configuration of active cells is selected from a lattice or other space, and then cells with few active neighbors are successively removed from the active set until the system stabilizes. the order in which this removal o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
most commonly however, these white spaces exist naturally between used channels, since assigning nearby transmissions to immediately adjacent channels will cause destructive interference to both. in addition to white space assigned for technical reasons, there is also unused radio spectrum which has either never been u... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to achieve a linear improvement in usefulness over time it is necessary to have an exponential increase in technology over time. moore's law delivers an exponential increase in technology, and so when claasen's law is combined with moore's law it implies a linear improvement in usefulness over time. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical optimization, zadeh's rule ( also known as the least - entered rule ) is an algorithmic refinement of the simplex method for linear optimization. the rule was proposed around 1980 by norman zadeh ( son of lotfi a. zadeh ), and has entered the folklore of convex optimization since then. zadeh offered a r... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in principle, any arbitrary boolean function, including addition, multiplication, and other mathematical functions, can be built up from a functionally complete set of logic operators. in 1987, conway's game of life became one of the first examples of general - purpose computing using an early stream processor called a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the notation j represents the part of the correlations that can be attributed to classical correlations and varies in dependence on the chosen eigenbasis ; therefore, in order for the quantum discord to reflect the purely nonclassical correlations independently of basis, it is necessary that j first be maximized over t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the pkcs # 1 standard, the random oracles are identical. the pkcs # 1 standard further requires that the random oracles be mgf1 with an appropriate hash function. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, the absolute deviation of an element of a data set is the absolute difference between that element and a given point. typically the deviation is reckoned from the central value, being construed as some type of average, most often the median or sometimes the mean of the data set : where di is the absolute... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
at a minimum, each profile specification contains information on the following topics : dependencies on other formats suggested user interface formats specific parts of the bluetooth protocol stack used by the profile. to perform its task, each profile uses particular options and parameters at each layer of the stack. ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
social networks like facebook, twitter and ning allow learners, once they move beyond the personal connections, to embrace a community where they can learn from each other. social interaction is an important part of the learning process. as technology has grown and become an integral part of the lives of children, teen... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the b5000 was designed in 1961, long before the term risc was invented. the architecture puts six 8 - bit instructions in a 48 - bit word, and was a precursor to very long instruction word ( vliw ) design ( see below : 1990 to today ). the burroughs architecture was one of the inspirations for charles h. moore's progra... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical optimization and related fields, relaxation is a modeling strategy. a relaxation is an approximation of a difficult problem by a nearby problem that is easier to solve. a solution of the relaxed problem provides information about the original problem. for example, a linear programming relaxation of an i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the distribution was first introduced in a more general context and is an example of the vine copula, an approach to constrained high - dimensional probability distributions. it has been implemented as part of the stan probabilistic programming language and as a library linked to the turing. jl probabilistic programmin... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this design enabled more efficient program execution, as the program counter and status flags could be saved and restored with a single operation. this resulted in faster subroutine calls and interrupt response than traditional designs, which would have to do two register loads or saves when calling or returning from a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this leads to faster convergence in terms of basis set size than pure gaussian - type basis set, but requires calculation of more complex integrals. to simplify them, interelectron distances are expanded into a series making for simpler integrals. the idea of r12 methods is quite old, but practical implementations begu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
swapping conflict : a swapping conflict is the case in which two agents exchange their position, passing on the same edge at the same time in two different directions. it is expressed as π i = π j { \ displaystyle \ pi _ { i } = \ pi _ { j } } and π j = π i { \ displaystyle \ pi _ { j } = \ pi _ { i } }. when formalizi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the dispute had several levels, some technical ( sockets vs. streams, bsd tty vs. system v termio ) and some cultural. the divide was roughly between longhairs and shorthairs ; programmers and technical people tended to line up with berkeley and bsd, more business - oriented types with at & t and system v. while hp, ib... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the rank of a free abelian group is the cardinality of a basis ; every two bases for the same group give the same rank, and every two free abelian groups with the same rank are isomorphic. every subgroup of a free abelian group is itself free abelian ; this fact allows a general abelian group to be understood as a quot... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the late 1980s, the european standardization group gsm who worked on the pan - european digital mobile communication system gsm greatly expanded the use of aloha channels for access to radio channels in mobile telephony. in addition, sms message texting was implemented in 2g mobile phones. in the early 2000s additio... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this leads to the notion of " genetic distance ", which is a measure of recombination frequency averaged over a ( suitably large ) sample of pedigrees. loosely speaking, one may say that this is because recombination is greatly influenced by the proximity of one gene to another. if two genes are located close together ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the present context, our system is assumed to have the energy levels ε i { \ displaystyle \ varepsilon _ { i } } with degeneracies g i { \ displaystyle g _ { i } }. as before, we would like to calculate the probability that our system has energy ε i { \ displaystyle \ varepsilon _ { i } }. if our system is in state ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, particularly computational algebra, berlekamp's algorithm is a well - known method for factoring polynomials over finite fields ( also known as galois fields ). the algorithm consists mainly of matrix reduction and polynomial gcd computations. it was invented by elwyn berlekamp in 1967. it was the domin... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this theorem is useful in searching for cycles of the permutation, since an efficient search can look only at multiples of divisors of mn−1 ( brenner, 1973 ). laflin & brebner ( 1970 ) pointed out that the cycles often come in pairs, which is exploited by several algorithms that permute pairs of cycles at a time. in pa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the discrete formulation of the pursuit – evasion problem, the environment is modeled as a graph. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
musser reported that on a median - of - 3 killer sequence of 100, 000 elements, introsort's running time was 1 / 200 that of median - of - 3 quicksort. musser also considered the effect on caches of sedgewick's delayed small sorting, where small ranges are sorted at the end in a single pass of insertion sort. he report... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this definition encompasses most curves that are studied in mathematics ; notable exceptions are level curves ( which are unions of curves and isolated points ), and algebraic curves ( see below ). level curves and algebraic curves are sometimes called implicit curves, since they are generally defined by implicit equat... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the nines'complement of a number given in decimal representation is formed by replacing each digit with nine minus that digit. to subtract a decimal number y ( the subtrahend ) from another number x ( the minuend ) two methods may be used : in the first method the nines'complement of x is added to y. then the nines'com... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics and physics, the term generator or generating set may refer to any of a number of related concepts. the underlying concept in each case is that of a smaller set of objects, together with a set of operations that can be applied to it, that result in the creation of a larger collection of objects, called t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
a 6600 / 7600 peripheral processor system was used for i / o, largely unchanged. some effort was made to help compatibility between the older machines and the 8600, but the change in word length made this difficult. instead, floating point formats were retained, allowing fortran code to port directly. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in multivariate statistics, random matrices were introduced by john wishart, who sought to estimate covariance matrices of large samples. chernoff -, bernstein -, and hoeffding - type inequalities can typically be strengthened when applied to the maximal eigenvalue ( i. e. the eigenvalue of largest magnitude ) of a fin... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the second phase requires choosing an ontology by which to organize categories of things. temporal expressions and some numerical expressions ( e. g., money, percentages, etc. ) may also be considered as named entities in the context of the ner task. while some instances of these types are good examples of rigid design... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the balanced partition problem, there are constraints on the number of jobs that can be assigned to each machine. a simple constraint is that each machine can process at most c jobs. the lpt rule assigns each job to the machine with the smallest load from among those with fewer than c jobs. this rule is called modif... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, porter's constant c arises in the study of the efficiency of the euclidean algorithm. it is named after j. w. porter of university college, cardiff. euclid's algorithm finds the greatest common divisor of two positive integers m and n. hans heilbronn proved that the average number of iterations of eucli... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
2 } } } } { \ displaystyle } | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
as with the analogous operation on the real numbers, a fundamental use of this operation is in solving, when possible, linear congruences of the form a x ≡ b ( mod m ). { \ displaystyle ax \ equiv b { \ pmod { m } }. } finding modular multiplicative inverses also has practical applications in the field of cryptography,... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to expose an application's geographic data with gml, a community or organization creates an xml schema specific to the application domain of interest ( the application schema ). this schema describes the object types whose data the community is interested in and which community applications must expose. for ex... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for example, reads by illumina ’ s sequencing technology capture reads of 100 - mers. however, the problem with the sequencing is that only small fractions out of all the possible 100 - mers that are present in the genome are actually generated. this is due to read errors, but more importantly, just simple coverage hol... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
similarly, a highway net whose gates are opened through strongly positive bias weights behaves like a resnet. the skip connections used in modern neural networks ( e. g., transformers ) are dominantly identity mappings. densenets in 2016 were designed as deep neural networks that attempt to connect each layer to every ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in previous decades, multilevel security ( mls ) technologies were developed and implemented that enabled objective and deterministic security, but left little wiggle room for subjective and discretionary interpretation. these enforced mandatory access control ( mac ) with near certainty. this rigidity prevented simple... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the orders of the full symmetry groups are twice as much again ( 24, 48, and 120 ). see ( coxeter 1973 ) for a derivation of these facts. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
connecting elements into a pipeline is analogous to function composition. narrowly speaking, a pipeline is linear and one - directional, though sometimes the term is applied to more general flows. for example, a primarily one - directional pipeline may have some communication in the other direction, known as a return c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a colored matroid is a matroid whose elements are labeled from a set of colors, which can be any set that suits the purpose, for instance the set of the first n positive integers, or the sign set { +, − }. the interest in colored matroids is through their invariants, especially the colored tutte polynom... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the 1998 book vectorproducts and applications, szep presented a new approach to system theory that contained a summary of his results from research between 1990 and 1995 as well as the applications of multiplicative structures in coding theory, game theory, and distribution vectors. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
algorithms that push content based on user search histories, frequent clicks and paid advertising leads to unbalanced, poorly sourced, and actively misleading information. it is also highly profitable. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
philips, lsi logic and integrated device technology ( idt ) have since joined them. today, the mips cores are one of the most - used " heavyweight " cores in the market for computer - like devices : handheld pcs, set - top boxes, etc. since the mips architecture is licensable, it has attracted several processor start -... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the variables ε i { \ displaystyle \ varepsilon _ { i } } are random variables, which in standard linear regression are distributed according to a standard normal distribution ; they express the influence of any unknown factors on the outcome. this makes it possible to find optimal coefficients through the method of le... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the animated short cartoon the bowling alley - cat ( 1942 ), cat and mouse tom and jerry do battle inside a bowling center. in dreamer ( 1979 ), tim matheson plays a man aspiring to be a professional bowler who faces a challenger played by dick weber. in greedy ( 1994 ), michael j. fox plays an " honest but luckless... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for example, the original subroutine call instructions bal, branch and link, and its register - register equivalent, balr, branch and link register, store certain status information, the instruction length code, the condition code and the program mask, in the top byte of the return address. a bas, branch and save, inst... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the schwartz – zippel lemma ( also called the demillo – lipton – schwartz – zippel lemma ) is a tool commonly used in probabilistic polynomial identity testing, i. e. in the problem of determining whether a given multivariate polynomial is the 0 - polynomial ( or identically equal to 0 ). it was discove... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
( we use the transitive closure of { x } rather than of x itself to avoid confusing the elements of x with elements of its elements or whatever. ) a code includes that information identifying x and also information about the particular injection from x into ω which was used to create e. the extra information about the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{ \ displaystyle \ nabla \ cdot \ mathbf { h } ( x ) = 0. } as h { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { h } } contains similar terms. the expression ∇ × e ( x ) { \ displaystyle \ nabla \ times \ mathbf { e } ( x ) } contains terms of the form p × 1 ( p ) { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { p } \ times \ mathbf { \ epsilon ^ { 1 } } ( \ ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in quantum error correction, css codes, named after their inventors, robert calderbank, peter shor and andrew steane, are a special type of stabilizer code constructed from classical codes with some special properties. an example of a css code is the steane code. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this is exactly analogous to guntsch's system, designed as a means to improve performance, rather than to solve the problems involved in multi - programming. the first true virtual memory system was that implemented at the university of manchester to create a one - level storage system as part of the atlas computer. it... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the codeword for that symbol is the string of " 0 " s and " 1 " s that records which half of the divides it fell on. this method was proposed in a later ( in print ) technical report by fano ( 1949 ). shannon – fano codes are suboptimal in the sense that they do not always achieve the lowest possible expected codeword ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to interpret the credible sets as confidence sets, a bernstein – von mises theorem is needed. in case of the dirichlet process we compare the posterior distribution with the empirical process p n = 1 n i = 1 n δ x i { \ displaystyle \ mathbb { p } _ { n } = { \ frac { 1 } { n } } \ sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } \ de... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in scholarly and academic publishing, scientific and non - fiction books that are released serially ( in successive parts ) once a year, or less often, are also called a series. ( publications that are released more often than once a year are known as periodicals. ) the connection among books belonging to such a series... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
if this is done, the data can be shuffled for each pass to prevent cycles. typical implementations may use an adaptive learning rate so that the algorithm converges. in pseudocode, stochastic gradient descent can be presented as : a compromise between computing the true gradient and the gradient at a single sample is t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical logic, proof compression by recycleunits is a method for compressing propositional logic resolution proofs. its main idea is to make use of intermediate ( e. g. non input ) proof results being unit clauses, i. e. clauses containing only one literal. certain proof nodes can be replaced with the nodes rep... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in plant anatomy, tissues are categorized broadly into three tissue systems : the epidermis, the ground tissue, and the vascular tissue. epidermis – cells forming the outer surface of the leaves and of the young plant body. vascular tissue – the primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the hardy – ramanujan theorem, proved by ramanujan and checked by hardy states that the normal order of the number ω ( n ) of distinct prime factors of a number n is log ( log ( n ) ). roughly speaking, this means that most numbers have about this number of distinct prime factors. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{ \ displaystyle ( n, m ) \ in \ times \,. } this defines a permutation on the numbers a = 0, …, m n − 1 { \ displaystyle a = 0, \ ldots, mn - 1 }. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
addresses in the process vas are mapped to bytes in the exe file. the os manages the mapping : 0 4 gib vas | - - - vvv - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | mapping | | | file bytes app the v's are values from bytes in the mapped file. then, required dll files are mapped ( th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
there are similar arguments for a sanskrit substrate, a greek one, and a substrate underlying the sami languages. relatively clear examples are the finno - ugric languages of the chude and the " volga finns " ( merya, muromian, and meshcheran ) : while unattested, their existence has been noted in medieval chronicles, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
early batch systems gave the currently running job the entire computer ; program decks and tapes had to include what we would now think of as operating system code to talk to i / o devices and do whatever other housekeeping was needed. midway through the batch period, after 1957, various groups began to experiment with... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory, the markov – krein theorem gives the best upper and lower bounds on the expected values of certain functions of a random variable where only the first moments of the random variable are known. the result is named after andrey markov and mark krein. the theorem can be used to bound average respons... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in some languages — particularly, those without garbage collection — the treiber stack can be at risk for the aba problem. when a process is about to remove an element from the stack ( just before the compare and set in the pop routine below ) another process can change the stack such that the head is the same, but the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in an 8 - bit code, this allowed the entire range from 0xa0 to 0xff to be used for graphical characters. use of 96 - code sets also meant that the meaning of the bytes 0x20 and 0x7f in the corresponding 7 - bit code could differ from " space " and " delete ", unless the code was in the shift in state. using 96 - code s... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
if p ~ { \ displaystyle { \ tilde { p } } } is never lucky, then v will reject at phase k + 1. since we have now shown that both ip ⊆ pspace and pspace ⊆ ip, we can conclude that ip = pspace as desired. moreover, we have shown that any ip algorithm may be taken to be public - coin, since the reduction from pspace to ip... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the commutator gives an indication of the extent to which a certain binary operation fails to be commutative. there are different definitions used in group theory and ring theory. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, and more particularly in number theory, primorial, denoted by " # ", is a function from natural numbers to natural numbers similar to the factorial function, but rather than successively multiplying positive integers, the function only multiplies prime numbers. the name " primorial ", coined by harvey d... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the integers 7 and 10 are coprime, and φ ( 10 ) = 4 { \ displaystyle \ varphi ( 10 ) = 4 }. so euler's theorem yields 7 4 ≡ 1 ( mod 10 ) { \ displaystyle 7 ^ { 4 } \ equiv 1 { \ pmod { 10 } } }, and we get 7 222 ≡ 7 4 × 55 + 2 ≡ ( 7 4 ) 55 × 7 2 ≡ 1 55 × 7 2 ≡ 49 ≡ 9 ( mod 10 ) { \ displaystyle 7 ^ { 222 } \ equiv 7 ^ ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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