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in probability theory, a markov model is a stochastic model used to model pseudo - randomly changing systems. it is assumed that future states depend only on the current state, not on the events that occurred before it ( that is, it assumes the markov property ). generally, this assumption enables reasoning and computa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
they may also be used for ordering ( as in " this is the third largest city in the country " ), in which case they serve as ordinal numbers. natural numbers are sometimes used as labels, known as nominal numbers, having none of the properties of numbers in a mathematical sense ( e. g. sports jersey numbers ). the natur... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{ \ displaystyle 0, 1, 2, 3, \ ldots, n, \ ldots ; \ aleph _ { 0 }, \ aleph _ { 1 }, \ aleph _ { 2 }, \ ldots, \ aleph _ { \ alpha }, \ ldots. \ } this sequence starts with the natural numbers including zero ( finite cardinals ), which are followed by the aleph numbers. the aleph numbers are indexed by ordinal numbers.... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
however, although it is easy to score a phylogenetic tree ( by counting the number of character - state changes ), there is no algorithm to quickly generate the most - parsimonious tree. instead, the most - parsimonious tree must be sought in " tree space " ( i. e., amongst all possible trees ). for a small number of t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a cardinal function ( or cardinal invariant ) is a function that returns cardinal numbers. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to demonstrate that ip β pspace, we present a simulation of an interactive proof system by a polynomial space machine. now, we can define : pr = max p pr { \ displaystyle \ pr = \ max \ nolimits _ { p } \ pr \ left } and for every 0 β€ j β€ p and every message history mj, we inductively define the function nmj :... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
since alice chooses a { \ displaystyle a } randomly, and since b is independent of a { \ displaystyle a }, alice is guaranteed that the bit d = a β b { \ displaystyle d = a \ oplus b } is random. with similar arguments, bob is also guaranteed that the bit d is random. variations of coin tossing have been investigated i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
although many functions do not have an inverse, every relation does have a unique converse. the unary operation that maps a relation to the converse relation is an involution, so it induces the structure of a semigroup with involution on the binary relations on a set, or, more generally, induces a dagger category on th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
let t 1 { \ displaystyle t _ { 1 } } be a theory obtained from t { \ displaystyle t } by extending its language with new constants a 1, β¦, a m { \ displaystyle a _ { 1 }, \ ldots, a _ { m } } and adding a new axiom Ο ( a 1, β¦, a m ) { \ displaystyle \ varphi ( a _ { 1 }, \ ldots, a _ { m } ) }. then t 1 { \ displaystyl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the digital imaging community the term annotation is commonly used for visible metadata superimposed on an image without changing the underlying master image, such as sticky notes, virtual laser pointers, circles, arrows, and black - outs ( cf. redaction ). in the medical imaging community, an annotation is often re... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in quantum information theory, quantum channels, or quantum operations, are defined to be completely positive maps between c * - algebras. being a classification for all such maps, stinespring's theorem is important in that context. for example, the uniqueness part of the theorem has been used to classify certain class... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the ability to perform economical maximum likelihood soft decision decoding is one of the major benefits of convolutional codes. this is in contrast to classic block codes, which are generally represented by a time - variant trellis and therefore are typically hard - decision decoded. convolutional codes are often char... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
page faults are not only used for memory protection. the operating system may manage the page table in such a way that a reference to a page that has been previously paged out to secondary storage causes a page fault. the operating system intercepts the page fault, loads the required memory page, and the application co... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the field of mathematics called combinatorial optimization, the method of symmetry - breaking constraints can be used to take advantage of symmetries in many constraint satisfaction and optimization problems, by adding constraints that eliminate symmetries and reduce the search space size. symmetries in a combinator... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in recursive function theory, double recursion is an extension of primitive recursion which allows the definition of non - primitive recursive functions like the ackermann function. raphael m. robinson called functions of two natural number variables g ( n, x ) double recursive with respect to given functions, if g ( 0... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the average case, if the input numbers are distributed uniformly in, then the largest sum in an lpt schedule satisfies the following properties : the expected largest sum for m = 2 machines is at least n 4 + 1 4 n + 4 { \ displaystyle { \ frac { n } { 4 } } + { \ frac { 1 } { 4n + 4 } } } and at most n 4 + e 2 n + 2... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
very long numbers can be further grouped by doubling up separators. typically decimal numbers ( base - 10 ) are grouped in three digit groups ( representing one of 1000 possible values ), binary numbers ( base - 2 ) in four digit groups ( one nibble, representing one of 16 possible values ), and hexadecimal numbers ( b... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for instance, the following properties hold : p i 2 = 1, i = 1, 2,.. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in systems theory, the black box is an abstraction representing a class of concrete open system which can be viewed solely in terms of its stimuli inputs and output reactions : the constitution and structure of the box are altogether irrelevant to the approach under consideration, which is purely external or phenomenol... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
now operator decides the number of vehicles ( n ), which use alternative route. the optimal number of vehicles ( n ) can be obtained by calculus of variation, to make marginal cost of each route equal. thus, optimal condition is t0 = t1 + β1. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, computer science and especially graph theory, a distance matrix is a square matrix ( two - dimensional array ) containing the distances, taken pairwise, between the elements of a set. depending upon the application involved, the distance being used to define this matrix may or may not be a metric. if th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the process was discovered independently and repeatedly in several settings, including experiments on radioactive decay, telephone call arrivals and insurance mathematics. the poisson point process is often defined on the real line, where it can be considered as a stochastic process. in this setting, it is used, for ex... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in printing and publishing, proofs are the preliminary versions of publications meant for review by authors, editors, and proofreaders, often with extra - wide margins. galley proofs may be uncut and unbound, or in some cases electronically transmitted. they are created for proofreading and copyediting purposes, but ma... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for example, on a social platform a supplier of sports gear promises the first 20 callers a free bicycle helmet. the lapse of this information is significant. then, after the 20th reader has called, the information value drops down to zero. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the eidas regulation trust services are defined as electronic services, normally provided by tsps, which consist of electronic signatures, electronic seals, electronic time stamps, electronic registered delivery services and website authentication. in essence, the eidas regulation provides a framework to promote : t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical logic and computer science, some type theories and type systems include a top type that is commonly denoted with top or the symbol. the top type is sometimes called also universal type, or universal supertype as all other types in the type system of interest are subtypes of it, and in most cases, it con... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order theory, an embedding of partially ordered sets is a function f { \ displaystyle f } between partially ordered sets x { \ displaystyle x } and y { \ displaystyle y } such that x 1, x 2 β x : x 1 β€ x 2 f ( x 1 ) β€ f ( x 2 ). { \ displaystyle \ forall x _ { 1 }, x _ { 2 } \ in x : x _ { 1 } \ leq x _ { 2 } \ iff ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in programming language theory, the poplmark challenge ( from " principles of programming languages benchmark ", formerly mechanized metatheory for the masses! ) ( aydemir, 2005 ) is a set of benchmarks designed to evaluate the state of automated reasoning ( or mechanization ) in the metatheory of programming languages... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
first, one typically starts by defining a term as follows : a variable, or a function symbol applied to the number of terms required by the function symbol's arity. for example, if + is a binary function symbol and x, y, and z are variables, then x + ( y + z ) is a term, which might be written with the symbols in vario... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the stone functor is a functor s : topop β bool, where top is the category of topological spaces and bool is the category of boolean algebras and boolean homomorphisms. it assigns to each topological space x the boolean algebra s ( x ) of its clopen subsets, and to each morphism fop : x β y in topop ( i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the human body, being a physiological universal, provides an ideal domain for research into semantic and lexical universals. in a seminal study, cecil h. brown ( 1976 ) proposed a number of universals in the semantics of body part terminology, including the following : in any language, there will be distinct terms for ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in particular, using the properties of the cumulant generating function, e ( t j ) = β a ( Ξ· ) β Ξ· j { \ displaystyle \ operatorname { e } ( t _ { j } ) = { \ frac { \ partial a ( \ eta ) } { \ partial \ eta _ { j } } } } and cov ( t i, t j ) = β 2 a ( Ξ· ) β Ξ· i β Ξ· j. { \ displaystyle \ operatorname { cov } \ left ( t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, an injective function ( also known as injection, or one - to - one function ) is a function f that maps distinct elements of its domain to distinct elements ; that is, x1 = x2 implies f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ). ( equivalently, f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ) implies x1 = x2 in the equivalent contrapositive statement. ) i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in software engineering, the mediator pattern defines an object that encapsulates how a set of objects interact. this pattern is considered to be a behavioral pattern due to the way it can alter the program's running behavior. in object - oriented programming, programs often consist of many classes. business logic and ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
different theoretical explanations of these inconsistencies are discussed later in the article. there are various types of phrase in which the ordering of head and complement ( s ) may be considered when attempting to determine the head directionality of a language, including : verb phrase : the head of verb phrase ( v... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the cc4 network, which is a three - stage network, the number of input nodes is one more than the size of the training vector, with the extra node serving as the biasing node whose input is always 1. for binary input vectors, the weights from the input nodes to the hidden neuron ( say of index j ) corresponding to t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
camel case is sometimes used for abbreviated names of certain neighborhoods, e. g. new york city neighborhoods soho ( south of houston street ) and tribeca ( triangle below canal street ) and san francisco's soma ( south of market ). such usages erode quickly, so the neighborhoods are now typically rendered as soho, tr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the context of education, one - to - one computing ( sometimes abbreviated as " 1 : 1 " ) refers to academic institutions, such as schools or colleges, that allow each enrolled student to use an electronic device in order to access the internet, digital course materials, and digital textbooks. the concept has been a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
rather than a complicated script running a set of unit tests, if this simple programme fails to compile or execute, it proves that the supporting environment likely has a configuration problem that will prevent any code from compiling or executing. but if " hello world " executes, then any problems experienced with oth... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the following, matrices will be indicated by indexed variables. " subject " indices will be indicated using letters a { \ displaystyle a }, b { \ displaystyle b } and c { \ displaystyle c }, with values running from 1 { \ displaystyle 1 } to p { \ displaystyle p } which is equal to 10 { \ displaystyle 10 } in the ab... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the example s = { e, f } with the equalities given, s is a semigroup. it demonstrates the possibility for ( s, β ) to have several left identities. in fact, every element can be a left identity. in a similar manner, there can be several right identities. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in 1881, the company changed its name to the champion bridge company in 1881 and began to also manufacture farm implements, iron fences, and some machinery. in 1893, the company moved to its present location on east sugartree street in wilmington. the company was among the first to use and promote steel for the constru... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in video gaming, players may be given a ranking. to " rank up " is to achieve a higher ranking relative to other players, especially with strategies that do not depend on the player's skill. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
it is also difficult to tell when exactly a grammatical structure has been learned, as learners may use structures correctly in some situations but not in others. thus it is more accurate to speak of sequences of acquisition, in which specific grammatical features in a language are acquired before or after certain othe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the case n = 6, the unique optimal polygon is not regular. the solution to this case was published in 1975 by ronald graham, answering a question posed in 1956 by hanfried lenz ; it takes the form of an irregular equidiagonal pentagon with an obtuse isosceles triangle attached to one of its sides, with the distance ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in programming language theory and proof theory, the curry β howard correspondence ( also known as the curry β howard isomorphism or equivalence, or the proofs - as - programs and propositions - or formulae - as - types interpretation ) is the direct relationship between computer programs and mathematical proofs. it is... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the distinction came into prominence on modern character displays. the digit 0 with a dot in the centre seems to have originated as an option on ibm 3270 displays. its appearance has continued with taligent's command line typeface andale mono. one variation used a short vertical bar instead of the dot. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in numerical analysis and linear algebra, lower β upper ( lu ) decomposition or factorization factors a matrix as the product of a lower triangular matrix and an upper triangular matrix ( see matrix decomposition ). the product sometimes includes a permutation matrix as well. lu decomposition can be viewed as the matri... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a filter on a set x { \ displaystyle x } informally gives a notion of which subsets a β x { \ displaystyle a \ subseteq x } are " large ". filter quantifiers are a type of logical quantifier which, informally, say whether or not a statement is true for " most " elements of x. { \ displaystyle x. } such ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
some drawbacks of writing use cases include the fact that each action, by the actor or the world, consist of little detail, and is simply a small action. this may possibly lead to further imagination and different interpretation of action from different designers. also, during the process, it is really easy to oversimp... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
fe'i bananas, grown and eaten in the islands of the pacific, are derived from entirely different wild species than traditional bananas and plantains. most fe'i bananas are cooked, but karat bananas, which are short and squat with bright red skins, very different from the usual yellow dessert bananas, are eaten raw. in ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the thirteenth loaf is called the vantage loaf because it is considered advantageous overall to get 13 loaves for the price of 12. in arthurian legend, which was recorded in medieval texts, king arthur is resting in avalon with the twelve greatest knights of the round table, totalling 13, and will return when his count... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, fermat's theorem ( also known as interior extremum theorem ) is a method to find local maxima and minima of differentiable functions on open sets by showing that every local extremum of the function is a stationary point ( the function's derivative is zero at that point ). fermat's theorem is a theorem ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
: xiv the maximum possible clock rate is capped by the logic path with the longest propagation delay, called the critical path. because of that, the paths that may operate quickly are idle most of the time. a widely distributed clock network dissipates a lot of useful power and must run whether the circuit is receiving... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the above uml class diagram, the caretaker class refers to the originator class for saving ( creatememento ( ) ) and restoring ( restore ( memento ) ) originator's internal state. the originator class implements ( 1 ) creatememento ( ) by creating and returning a memento object that stores originator's current inter... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, thabit derived an equation for determining amicable numbers. his proof of this rule is presented in the treatise on the derivation of the amicable numbers in an easy way. this was done while writing on the theory of numbers, extending their use to describe the ratios between geometrical quantities, a st... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunications, guard intervals are used to ensure that distinct transmissions do not interfere with one another, or otherwise cause overlapping transmissions. these transmissions may belong to different users ( as in tdma ) or to the same user ( as in ofdm ). the purpose of the guard interval is to introduce im... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for example, when j = 3 { \ displaystyle j = 3 }, the quantity d ( g ( 3 ) | q ( 2 ) ) { \ displaystyle d ( { \ mathcal { g } } ^ { ( 3 ) } \ vert \ mathbf { q } ^ { ( 2 ) } ) } is equal to the fraction of triangles formed by 2 - edges in the subhypergraph that are 3 - edges. definition. for j β₯ 3 { \ displaystyle j \ ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics and data mining, x - means clustering is a variation of k - means clustering that refines cluster assignments by repeatedly attempting subdivision, and keeping the best resulting splits, until a criterion such as the akaike information criterion ( aic ) or bayesian information criterion ( bic ) is reached... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the context of combinatorial game theory, which typically studies sequential games with perfect information, a game tree is a graph representing all possible game states within such a game. such games include well - known ones such as chess, checkers, go, and tic - tac - toe. this can be used to measure the complexi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the first version in 2003, north eastern scotland ( which then included part of moray ) was coded ukm1, and highlands and islands was coded ukm4. the current nuts level 1 codes start with " c " ( following " uk " ) rather than " 1 " because the new list reflected the revised regions of england and local government c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
also, the fact that q ( t ) { \ displaystyle q ( t ) } is random with probability density given by the square modulus of Ο ( t, β
) { \ displaystyle \ psi ( t, \ cdot ) } implies that the conditional probability density of q i ( t ) { \ displaystyle q ^ { \ text { i } } ( t ) } given q ii ( t ) { \ displaystyle q ^ { \... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, specifically number theory, granville numbers, also known as s { \ displaystyle { \ mathcal { s } } } - perfect numbers, are an extension of the perfect numbers. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the following examples, the natural numbers refer to the set of positive integers. the equation x = ( y 1 + 1 ) ( y 2 + 1 ) { \ displaystyle x = ( y _ { 1 } + 1 ) ( y _ { 2 } + 1 ) } is an example of a diophantine equation with a parameter x and unknowns y1 and y2. the equation has a solution in y1 and y2 precisely ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in multitype branching processes, individuals are not identical, but can be classified into n types. after each time step, an individual of type i will produce individuals of different types, and x i { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { x } _ { i } }, a random vector representing the numbers of children in different types, sati... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the systems are similar in that they were all produced in the same way. this infinite sequence is an ensemble. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, bertrand's postulate ( actually now a theorem ) states that for each n β₯ 2 { \ displaystyle n \ geq 2 } there is a prime p { \ displaystyle p } such that n < p < 2 n { \ displaystyle n | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
a daemon is usually created either by a process forking a child process and then immediately exiting, thus causing init to adopt the child process, or by the init process directly launching the daemon. in addition, a daemon launched by forking and exiting typically must perform other operations, such as dissociating th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the context of dikw, data is conceived of as symbols or signs, representing stimuli or signals, that are " of no use until... in a usable ( that is, relevant ) form ". zeleny characterized this non - usable characteristic of data as " know - nothing ". in some cases, data is understood to refer not only to symbols, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for example, moreover, since s Γ s will never exceed m2 < 22p, this simple technique converges in at most 1 p - bit addition ( and possibly a carry from the pth bit to the 1st bit ), which can be done in linear time. this algorithm has a small exceptional case. it will produce 2nβ1 for a multiple of the modulus rather ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, differential galois theory studies the galois groups of differential equations. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
as a result, different parameterized types are implemented by the same class or interface at run time. all invocations of a given generic type declaration share a single run - time implementation. this results in the possibility of heap pollution. under certain conditions, a variable of a parameterized type may refer t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory, the law of large numbers ( lln ) is a theorem that describes the result of performing the same experiment a large number of times. according to the law, the average of the results obtained from a large number of trials should be close to the expected value and tends to become closer to the expect... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
alcohol - based hand sanitizers are almost entirely ineffective against norovirus ( or norwalk ) type viruses, the most common cause of contagious gastroenteritis. us centers for disease control and prevention recommend hand washing with soap over hand sanitizer rubs, particularly when hands are visibly dirty. the incr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the drupal community, " core " refers to the collaboratively built codebase that can be extended through contributory modules and β for versions prior to drupal 8 β is kept outside of the " sites " folder of a drupal installation. ( starting with version 8, the core is kept in its own'core'sub - directory. ) drupal ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, the multiplicative digital root of a natural number n { \ displaystyle n } in a given number base b { \ displaystyle b } is found by multiplying the digits of n { \ displaystyle n } together, then repeating this operation until only a single - digit remains, which is called the multiplicative digital ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
division in semigroups ( or in monoids ) is not possible in general. the formal study of semigroups began in the early 20th century. early results include a cayley theorem for semigroups realizing any semigroup as transformation semigroup, in which arbitrary functions replace the role of bijections from group theory. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the graphic presented in taxon sampling, bioinformatics, and phylogenomics, compares the correctness of phylogenetic trees generated using fewer taxa and more sites per taxon on the x - axis to more taxa and fewer sites per taxon on the y - axis. with fewer taxa, more genes are sampled amongst the taxonomic group ; in ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the following case, one of the ( redundant ) learners fails, but the basic paxos protocol still succeeds. client proposer acceptor learner | | | | | | | x - - - - - - - - > | | | | | | request | x - - - - - - - - - > | - > | - > | | | prepare ( 1 ) | | < - - - - - - - - - x - - x - - x | | promise ( 1, { va, vb, vc ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for example, a player whose score is three strokes over par after a given hole would appear as " + 3 " on the scoreboard. if two or more players have the same number of strokes, it may be desired to determine an outright winner. two of the more common methods are a playoff and scorecard count back. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, the mean squared error ( mse ) or mean squared deviation ( msd ) of an estimator ( of a procedure for estimating an unobserved quantity ) measures the average of the squares of the errors β that is, the average squared difference between the estimated values and the actual value. mse is a risk function, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{ \ displaystyle h _ { ji } = { \ begin { cases } { \ boldsymbol { v } } _ { j } ^ { \ mathrm { t } } { \ boldsymbol { av } } _ { i } & { \ text { if } } j \ leq i { \ text {, } } \ \ \ lvert { \ boldsymbol { w } } _ { i + 1 } \ rvert _ { 2 } & { \ text { if } } j = i + 1 { \ text {, } } \ \ 0 & { \ text { if } } j > i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the 1970s, software engineers needed language support to break large projects down into modules. one obvious feature was to decompose large projects physically into separate files. a less obvious feature was to decompose large projects logically into abstract datatypes. at the time, languages supported concrete ( sc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
constructivism is a mathematical philosophy that rejects all proof methods that involve the existence of objects that are not explicitly built. this excludes, in particular, the use of the law of the excluded middle, the axiom of infinity, and the axiom of choice, and induces a different meaning for some terminology ( ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in set theory, an arbitrary permutation of the elements of a set x is an automorphism. the automorphism group of x is also called the symmetric group on x. in elementary arithmetic, the set of integers, z, considered as a group under addition, has a unique nontrivial automorphism : negation. considered as a ring, howev... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a euclidean field is an ordered field k for which every non - negative element is a square : that is, x β₯ 0 in k implies that x = y2 for some y in k. the constructible numbers form a euclidean field. it is the smallest euclidean field, as every euclidean field contains it as an ordered subfield. in othe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
once we have determined which case we are in, instead of using division polynomials, we are able to work with a polynomial that has lower degree than the corresponding division polynomial : o ( l ) { \ displaystyle o ( l ) } rather than o ( l 2 ) { \ displaystyle o ( l ^ { 2 } ) }. for efficient implementation, probabi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the linux kernel, the fat, hfs, hpfs, ntfs, and udf file system drivers support a umask mount option, which controls how the disk information is mapped to permissions. this is not the same as the per - process mask described above, although the permissions are calculated in a similar way. some of these file system d... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
every tree of fixed size occurs linearly many times. critical p β 1 / n { \ displaystyle p \ approx 1 / n } the largest connected component has a number of vertices proportional to n 2 / 3 { \ displaystyle n ^ { 2 / 3 } }. there may exist several other large components ; however, the total number of vertices in non - t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
there are numerous special classes of semigroups, semigroups with additional properties, which appear in particular applications. some of these classes are even closer to groups by exhibiting some additional but not all properties of a group. of these we mention : regular semigroups, orthodox semigroups, semigroups wit... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
there are two ways this is represented in the ipa : ( a ) the same way as ejectives, with an apostrophe ; or, ( b ) more properly with a superscript glottal stop or with an under - tilde for creaky voice. for example, the yapese word for sick with a glottalized m could be transcribed, or. ( in some conventions, the apo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
such sets can be either disjoint or non - disjoint sets. spatially near sets are also descriptively near sets. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
an important property of the pearson correlation is that it is invariant to application of separate linear transformations to the two variables being compared. thus, if we are correlating x and y, where, say, y = 2x + 1, the pearson correlation between x and y is 1 β a perfect correlation. this property does not make s... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
ordinary consumer machines and game consoles began to have parallel processors like the intel core, amd k10, and cell. graphics card companies like nvidia and amd began introducing large parallel systems like cuda and opencl. it appears, however, that these new technologies do not cite fgcs research. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in programming languages ( especially functional programming languages ) and type theory, an option type or maybe type is a polymorphic type that represents encapsulation of an optional value ; e. g., it is used as the return type of functions which may or may not return a meaningful value when they are applied. it con... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in an undirected simple graph of order n, the maximum degree of each vertex is n β 1 and the maximum size of the graph is n ( n β 1 ) / 2. the edges of an undirected simple graph permitting loops g { \ displaystyle g } induce a symmetric homogeneous relation { \ displaystyle \ sim } on the vertices of g { \ displaystyl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
other operators run their own speaking clocks, with broadly similar formats, or redirect to bt's service. virgin media have their own service available by dialling 123 from a virgin media line. sky also have their own service accessible by dialling 123 from a sky telephone line. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in object - oriented programming, a class is an extensible program - code - template for creating objects, providing initial values for state ( member variables ) and implementations of behavior ( member functions or methods ). in many languages, the class name is used as the name for the class ( the template itself ),... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in signal processing theory, gaussian noise, named after carl friedrich gauss, is a kind of signal noise that has a probability density function ( pdf ) equal to that of the normal distribution ( which is also known as the gaussian distribution ). in other words, the values that the noise can take are gaussian - distri... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
if a m > t { \ displaystyle a _ { m } > t }, set r { \ displaystyle r } to m β 1 { \ displaystyle m - 1 }. else, a m β€ t { \ displaystyle a _ { m } \ leq t } ; set l { \ displaystyle l } to m { \ displaystyle m }. now l = r { \ displaystyle l = r }, the search is done. if a l = t { \ displaystyle a _ { l } = t }, retur... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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