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Instructions: You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Farsi.
Input: النوم.
Output:
|
خواب.
|
task1108_ted_translation_ar_fa
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Farsi.
Q: هي لا تملك ادنى فكرة عني ، لكننا بصورة رسمية اقرباء
A:
|
هیچ ایده ای از وجود من نداره ، اما ما رسما عموزاده هستیم.
|
task1108_ted_translation_ar_fa
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Farsi.
Example input: وقد كتبن اللغة وغالبا ما كانت لغة آلة وأحيانا شفرة ثنائية ترسل بعدها بالبريد لمركز البيانات لتنقل على شريط أو بطاقة ورقية مثقبة ثم تعاد الكرة مرة أخرى للتأكد.
Example output: و آنگاه آنها کُد می نوشتند ، معمولا کُد های ماشینی ، و گاهی کُد های صفر و یکی ، که سپس با پست به مرکز داده ها فرستاده می شد که روی چسب کاغذی یا کارتی منگنه شود و بعد دوباره حک شود تا مورد بازبینی قرار گیرد.
Example explanation: The Arabic sentence is correctly translated into Farsi, because the meaning is preserved.
Q: وبإمكاننا أن نتقفى الآثار إلى المراحل المبكرة للانفجار العظيم ، ولكننا ما زلنا لا نعرف ما الذي انفجر ولم انفجر
A:
|
ما میتونیم مراحل اولیه انفجار بزرگ رو شبیه سازی کنیم ، ولی هنوز نمیدانیم چه چیزی منفجر شد و چرا منفجر شد.این یک تلاش برای علم قرن 21 میباشد.
|
task1108_ted_translation_ar_fa
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
Teacher: You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Farsi.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
وقد كتبن اللغة وغالبا ما كانت لغة آلة وأحيانا شفرة ثنائية ترسل بعدها بالبريد لمركز البيانات لتنقل على شريط أو بطاقة ورقية مثقبة ثم تعاد الكرة مرة أخرى للتأكد.
Solution: و آنگاه آنها کُد می نوشتند ، معمولا کُد های ماشینی ، و گاهی کُد های صفر و یکی ، که سپس با پست به مرکز داده ها فرستاده می شد که روی چسب کاغذی یا کارتی منگنه شود و بعد دوباره حک شود تا مورد بازبینی قرار گیرد.
Reason: The Arabic sentence is correctly translated into Farsi, because the meaning is preserved.
Now, solve this instance: هذا المفتاح الكهربائي الذي يُقرأ ، على أحد الجوانب ، سريان الضوء ، وعلى الجانب الآخر ، إطفاء.
Student:
|
كليد روشنايي را ببينيد كه روي يك طرف آن كلمه روشن ديده مي شود ، روي طرف ديگر خاموش مي باشد.
|
task1108_ted_translation_ar_fa
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
instruction:
You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Farsi.
question:
وكما يوضح الشكل البياني.. هذا هو هدف المملكة المتحدة فيما يتعلق في انبعاثات غازات الكربون والدفيئة
answer:
شبیه برنامه است که دولت انگلستان هدف گذاری کرده است برای کربن و خانه های سبز.
question:
لن نري هذا اليوم.
answer:
نسل ما آن زمان را نخواهد دید
question:
أنت لاتريد اذن من الناس لتقودهم
answer:
|
شما برای رهبری دیگران به اجازه آنها نیاز ندارید.
|
task1108_ted_translation_ar_fa
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Farsi.
لكن لماذا ؟
|
اما چرا ؟
|
task1108_ted_translation_ar_fa
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Farsi.
--------
Question: و كما ترون, هناك — شيئ قد تغير فى طريقة الفنون الراقية في التطرق إلى الإحساس.
Answer: و همانطور که شما می بینید یه چیزی تغییر کرده در نحوه ای که هنر نخبگان بشر رو مجذوب میکنه.
Question: إنه أكثر المباني خضرة في العالم.
Answer: آن سبزترين ساختمان در تمام دنياست.
Question: انه.. ليس مجتمع الآثمين او سان فرنسيسكو
Answer:
|
اشتباه فکر نکنید, این باعث از بین رفتن مرد ها نمی شود یا سانفرانسیسکو.
|
task1108_ted_translation_ar_fa
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Farsi.
--------
Question: أقرّ دين بأنه يحب النظرإلى النساء الجميلات. ولكنه لم يشكك في قراره بالزواج من جودي.
Answer: دین اقرار کرد که دوست دارد زنان زیبا را ببیند ، اما هرگز از او در مورد تصمیمش برای ازدواج با جودی پرسیده نشد.
Question: في الحقيقة, بإمكانكم القول بأن التوسع في الإمبراطورية كان نوعاً من متعة التسوق العسكري البعيد الهادئ, حقيقةً.
Answer: و در واقع ، می توانید ادعا کنید که توسعه امپراطوری رم واقعا از نوع ولخرجی بیحد و حصر نظامی گری بیش از اندازه ی طولانی بود.
Question: لدينا شراكة منذ فترة طويلة ومفجعة مع زملائنا في معهد الجيش الأمريكي لأبحاث الجراحة والذي عليه أن يعالج 11 ألف رجل عادوا من العراق
Answer:
|
ما در اين تحمل اين درد و دل شکستگي با همکارانمان در موسسه تحقيقات در ارتش امريکا شريک هستيم کساني که مجبور به درمان 11 هزار فرديست که از عراق برگشته اند.
|
task1108_ted_translation_ar_fa
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Farsi.
ولكي نرى الأمر من المنظور الصحيح ، فقد كان عام 2005 هو السجل السابق
|
برای مشاهده صحیحء 2005 ثبت قبلی بود.
|
task1108_ted_translation_ar_fa
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
test
|
You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Farsi.
Let me give you an example: وقد كتبن اللغة وغالبا ما كانت لغة آلة وأحيانا شفرة ثنائية ترسل بعدها بالبريد لمركز البيانات لتنقل على شريط أو بطاقة ورقية مثقبة ثم تعاد الكرة مرة أخرى للتأكد.
The answer to this example can be: و آنگاه آنها کُد می نوشتند ، معمولا کُد های ماشینی ، و گاهی کُد های صفر و یکی ، که سپس با پست به مرکز داده ها فرستاده می شد که روی چسب کاغذی یا کارتی منگنه شود و بعد دوباره حک شود تا مورد بازبینی قرار گیرد.
Here is why: The Arabic sentence is correctly translated into Farsi, because the meaning is preserved.
OK. solve this:
في الحقيقة بعض هذه الاعشاب تبلغ من العمر 3000 عاماً وهي احد اهم الاسباب الذي يجب ان يمنع لاجله "" الاجتثاث من القاع "" - سحب الرمال لاجل وضعها على اليابسة -
Answer:
|
در حقیقت ، برخی از اینها تصور می شوند که 3000 ساله باشند ، این یکی از دلایلی است که ماهی گیری در اعماق باید ممنوع باشد.
|
task1108_ted_translation_ar_fa
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 8
|
validation
|
In this task, you are given a text of article and corresponding title of an article. Your task is to generate label "yes" if headline (title) is right for article, otherwise generate "no".
Input: Consider Input: Article: south korean shares closed #.# percent higher wednesday , recovering partially from tuesday 's #.# percent slide prompted by the collapse of us investment bank lehman brothers . Title: skorean shares close #.# percent higher
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Article: the european union gave the green light monday for a ###-strong observer mission for georgia , amid criticism that they will not deploy to rebel abkhazia and south ossetia . Title: eu greenlights georgia observers amid mission criticism
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Article: hong kong share prices fell below ##,### points by noon wednesday as financial and property stocks slid on uncertainties over the impact of the us financial crisis , dealers said . Title: india deploys more fighter jets in kashmir
|
Output: no
|
task289_gigaword_summarization
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Teacher:In this task, you are given a text of article and corresponding title of an article. Your task is to generate label "yes" if headline (title) is right for article, otherwise generate "no".
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Article: swiss bank credit suisse said late tuesday it has reached a deal with us regulators to buy back about ### million dollars worth of securities from clients and pay a ## million dollar penalty . Title: british airport operator baa says to sell gatwick hub
Student:
|
no
|
task289_gigaword_summarization
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
Teacher: In this task, you are given a text of article and corresponding title of an article. Your task is to generate label "yes" if headline (title) is right for article, otherwise generate "no".
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Article: australia 's current account deficit shrunk by a record #.## billion dollars -lrb- #.## billion us -rrb- in the june quarter due to soaring commodity prices , figures released monday showed . Title: australian current account deficit narrows sharply
Solution: yes
Reason: This headline is appropriate for the given article text because the focus of this article is australian current accounts. Hence, the label is 'yes'.
Now, solve this instance: Article: the coastal city of galveston , texas faces complete inundation from hurricane ike , and those who stay behind in one - or two-storey homes `` will face certain death , '' the national hurricane center said thursday . Title: mccain obama offer each other jobs
Student:
|
no
|
task289_gigaword_summarization
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you are given a text of article and corresponding title of an article. Your task is to generate label "yes" if headline (title) is right for article, otherwise generate "no".
Example: Article: australia 's current account deficit shrunk by a record #.## billion dollars -lrb- #.## billion us -rrb- in the june quarter due to soaring commodity prices , figures released monday showed . Title: australian current account deficit narrows sharply
Output: yes
This headline is appropriate for the given article text because the focus of this article is australian current accounts. Hence, the label is 'yes'.
New input case for you: Article: the federal reserve said tuesday it was set to make a `` large '' injection of liquidity to help stressed financial markets , a move coming on the heels of similar actions by other central banks . Title: outgoing olmert keeps up push for mideast peace
Output:
|
no
|
task289_gigaword_summarization
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
Teacher: In this task, you are given a text of article and corresponding title of an article. Your task is to generate label "yes" if headline (title) is right for article, otherwise generate "no".
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Article: australia 's current account deficit shrunk by a record #.## billion dollars -lrb- #.## billion us -rrb- in the june quarter due to soaring commodity prices , figures released monday showed . Title: australian current account deficit narrows sharply
Solution: yes
Reason: This headline is appropriate for the given article text because the focus of this article is australian current accounts. Hence, the label is 'yes'.
Now, solve this instance: Article: televised debates between presidential hopefuls have long been a quintessential part of the white house race , and can often swing the ballot in favor of one of the candidates . Title: mccain obama gird for debate clash
Student:
|
no
|
task289_gigaword_summarization
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of article and corresponding title of an article. Your task is to generate label "yes" if headline (title) is right for article, otherwise generate "no".
Input: Article: thai share prices closed #.## percent lower on thursday amid ongoing concerns over a global economic slowdown , dealers said . Title: thai share prices close #.## percent lower
Output:
|
yes
|
task289_gigaword_summarization
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a text of article and corresponding title of an article. Your task is to generate label "yes" if headline (title) is right for article, otherwise generate "no".
PROBLEM: Article: malaysian prime minister abdullah ahmad badawi , who is facing an opposition bid to seize power , said wednesday he might step down before a planned handover to his deputy in mid-#### . Title: british airport operator baa says to sell gatwick hub
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Article: stock markets across the nordic region inched higher again monday after skyrocketing at the end of last week , as investors responded to a massive us rescue plan for the distressed financial sector . Title: nordic stocks inch higher again after soaring friday
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Article: malaysia 's government faced a storm of criticism monday over a series of arrests under internal security laws , with several cabinet ministers breaking ranks to speak out against the move . Title: dollar slumps on lehman woes fresh credit squeeze jitters
SOLUTION:
|
no
|
task289_gigaword_summarization
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given a text of article and corresponding title of an article. Your task is to generate label "yes" if headline (title) is right for article, otherwise generate "no".
Article: georgian president mikheil saakashvili will face `` tough questions '' over his handling of the crisis with russia , a top politician said friday , joining opposition criticism of the georgian leader . Title: opposition builds against georgia 's saakashvili
Output:
|
yes
|
task289_gigaword_summarization
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
In this task, you are given a text of article and corresponding title of an article. Your task is to generate label "yes" if headline (title) is right for article, otherwise generate "no".
Example input: Article: australia 's current account deficit shrunk by a record #.## billion dollars -lrb- #.## billion us -rrb- in the june quarter due to soaring commodity prices , figures released monday showed . Title: australian current account deficit narrows sharply
Example output: yes
Example explanation: This headline is appropriate for the given article text because the focus of this article is australian current accounts. Hence, the label is 'yes'.
Q: Article: frankfurt 's dax ## opened #.## percent higher on friday on news that the us government was looking to create a new body to rescue troubled financial firms and end the recent turmoil . Title: frankfurt 's dax opens #.## percent higher
A:
|
yes
|
task289_gigaword_summarization
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
test
|
In this task, you are given a text of article and corresponding title of an article. Your task is to generate label "yes" if headline (title) is right for article, otherwise generate "no".
[EX Q]: Article: the iraqi parliament lifted the immunity of sunni mp mithal <unk> on sunday for visiting israel last week to attend an international conference on terrorism . Title: pakistan vows to defend itself against us incursions
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Article: zimbabwe 's political rivals on monday sealed a framework document paving the way for an all inclusive government aimed at finding solutions to the country 's political and economic woes . Title: german pleads innocent in nazi war crime trial
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Article: spanish private television channel telecinco , controlled by italian broadcaster mediaset , said monday it is mulling a bid for digital + , the pay-tv unit of spanish media giant prisa . Title: hp to cut ##,### jobs globally with eds acquisition
[EX A]:
|
no
|
task289_gigaword_summarization
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 6
|
validation
|
Definition: You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You need to come up with a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph. The generated question should not be answerable without both the background and story. Write a question about the story that requires a relationship in the background paragraph to answer. Check whether your question requires both the background paragraph and the story to answer. If your question can be answered by only one of these, try to rewrite your question so that it requires both. Note that "flipping" a word in the question can give rise to a new question where the answer will be different from the original question. Often, "flipping" a word gives rise to flipping the direction of the relationship, for example, from "increase" to "decrease."
Input: Background Paragraph: The theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed at about the same time by both Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, shown in Figure below , and was set out in detail in Darwin's 1859 book On the Origin of Species . Natural selection is a process that causes heritable traits that are helpful for survival and reproduction to become more common, and harmful traits, or traits that are not helpful or advantageous for survival to become more rare in a population of organisms. This occurs because organisms with advantageous traits are more "fit" to survive in a particular environment and have "adapted" to the conditions of that environment. These individuals will have greater reproductive success than organisms less fit for survival in the environment. This will lead to an increase in the number of organisms with the advantageous trait(s) over time. Over many generations, adaptations occur through a combination of successive, small, random changes in traits, and natural selection of those variants best-suited for their environment. Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology.
Story: In sub-Saharan Africa there are two predominant groups of antelope present. The first group of antelope, group A, have long necks and strong teeth. The second group of antelope, group B, have shorter necks and weaker teeth. Because of their longer necks and stronger teeth, the antelope from group A are more easily able to pick fruit and leaves from the tall trees in the region compared to antelope from group B.
Output:
|
Which group of antelope is less adapted to the environment?
|
task060_ropes_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You need to come up with a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph. The generated question should not be answerable without both the background and story. Write a question about the story that requires a relationship in the background paragraph to answer. Check whether your question requires both the background paragraph and the story to answer. If your question can be answered by only one of these, try to rewrite your question so that it requires both. Note that "flipping" a word in the question can give rise to a new question where the answer will be different from the original question. Often, "flipping" a word gives rise to flipping the direction of the relationship, for example, from "increase" to "decrease."
Background Paragraph: There is growing concern regarding the use of pesticides in agriculture. Therefore, many of the current commercial applications of modern biotechnology in agriculture are focused on reducing the dependence of farmers on these chemicals. For example, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that produces a protein that can act as an insecticide, known as the Bt toxin . But it is a naturally occurring protein, not a foreign chemical. Could this protein be used in crops instead of pesticides? Traditionally, an insecticidal spray has been produced from these bacteria. As a spray, the Bt toxin is in an inactive state and requires digestion by an insect to become active and have any effect. Crop plants have now been engineered to contain and express the genes for the Bt toxin, which they produce in its active form. When an insect ingests the transgenic crop, it stops feeding and soon thereafter dies as a result of the Bt toxin binding to its gut wall. Bt corn is now commercially available in a number of countries to control corn borer (an insect like a moth or butterfly), which is otherwise controlled by insecticidal spraying.
Story: Environmental scientists are trying to find a solution to reducing the harmful effects of chemicals on the environment. To that end, they developed a transgenic crop with the help of Bt toxin - they referred to it as case A. To test the effectiveness of this new crop they also studied Bt toxin spray - they referred to it as case B. They need to figure out which case is safer for the environment.
|
In case A, would Bt toxin be in an active or inactive state?
|
task060_ropes_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You need to come up with a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph. The generated question should not be answerable without both the background and story. Write a question about the story that requires a relationship in the background paragraph to answer. Check whether your question requires both the background paragraph and the story to answer. If your question can be answered by only one of these, try to rewrite your question so that it requires both. Note that "flipping" a word in the question can give rise to a new question where the answer will be different from the original question. Often, "flipping" a word gives rise to flipping the direction of the relationship, for example, from "increase" to "decrease."
Background Paragraph: Any unused energy in food, whether it comes from carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids, is stored in the body as fat. An extra 3,500 Calories of energy results in the storage of almost half a kilogram (1 pound) of stored body fat. People who consistently consume more food energy then they need may become obese. Obesity occurs when the body mass index is 30.0 kg/m 2 or greater. Body mass index (BMI) is an estimate of the fat content of the body. It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight (in kilograms) by the square of the person’s height (in meters). Obesity increases the risk of health problems such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
Story: John is a physician in the local hospital. Today, he is seeing two patients, patient A and patient B. John determines that patient A is obese, and patient B is not obese. He needs to prescribe medicine according to his findings.
|
Which patient is less at risk of getting type 2 diabetes, patient A or patient B?
|
task060_ropes_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You need to come up with a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph. The generated question should not be answerable without both the background and story. Write a question about the story that requires a relationship in the background paragraph to answer. Check whether your question requires both the background paragraph and the story to answer. If your question can be answered by only one of these, try to rewrite your question so that it requires both. Note that "flipping" a word in the question can give rise to a new question where the answer will be different from the original question. Often, "flipping" a word gives rise to flipping the direction of the relationship, for example, from "increase" to "decrease."
Q: Background Paragraph: Fish reproduce sexually. They lay eggs that can be fertilized either inside or outside of the body. In most fish, the eggs develop outside of the mother's body. In the majority of these species, fertilization also takes place outside the mother's body. The male and female fish release their gametes into the surrounding water, where fertilization occurs. Female fish release very high numbers of eggs to increase the chances of fertilization.
Story: Tim and Dan both studied reproduction in college. Dan studied plant reproduction while Tim studied fish reproduction.
A:
|
Which person studied less about the way fish reproduce?
|
task060_ropes_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You need to come up with a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph. The generated question should not be answerable without both the background and story. Write a question about the story that requires a relationship in the background paragraph to answer. Check whether your question requires both the background paragraph and the story to answer. If your question can be answered by only one of these, try to rewrite your question so that it requires both. Note that "flipping" a word in the question can give rise to a new question where the answer will be different from the original question. Often, "flipping" a word gives rise to flipping the direction of the relationship, for example, from "increase" to "decrease."
Background Paragraph: Because of human activities, there is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today than in the past hundreds of thousands of years. Burning fossil fuels and has released great quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Cutting forests and clearing land has also increased carbon dioxide into the atmosphere because these activities reduce the number of autotrophic organisms that use up carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. In addition, clearing often involves burning, which releases carbon dioxide that was previously stored in autotrophs.
Story: Thanks to environmental initiatives, Quebec has grown a large number of forests recently that are densely populated with tall trees. At the same time, Ottawa has been cutting down large numbers of trees in their forests and clearing the land to make room for housing developments and new construction sites.
|
Which city, Quebec or Ottawa, has a greater capacity to absorb carbon dioxide from the environment?
|
task060_ropes_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You need to come up with a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph. The generated question should not be answerable without both the background and story. Write a question about the story that requires a relationship in the background paragraph to answer. Check whether your question requires both the background paragraph and the story to answer. If your question can be answered by only one of these, try to rewrite your question so that it requires both. Note that "flipping" a word in the question can give rise to a new question where the answer will be different from the original question. Often, "flipping" a word gives rise to flipping the direction of the relationship, for example, from "increase" to "decrease."
Background Paragraph: Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity of a moving object. It measures the rate at which velocity changes. Velocity, in turn, is a measure of the speed and direction of motion, so a change in velocity may reflect a change in speed, a change in direction, or both. Both velocity and acceleration are vectors. A vector is any measurement that has both size and direction. People commonly think of acceleration as in increase in speed, but a decrease in speed is also acceleration. In this case, acceleration is negative and called deceleration. A change in direction without a change in speed is acceleration as well.
Story: Jacob is an avid street car racer who is driving in his sleek black Mustang. He comes to a red light and sees the car next to him is an expensive looking Honda Civic, owned by a man named Alejandro. Jacob and Alejandro agree to race, and when the light turns green they both slam their feet on the gas pedal and take off. Jacob's car arrives at the light pole down the street from the light sooner than Alejandro's car, and he wins the race.
Output:
|
Which person's car, Jacob's or Alejandro's, must have accelerated faster?
|
task060_ropes_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
Part 1. Definition
You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You need to come up with a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph. The generated question should not be answerable without both the background and story. Write a question about the story that requires a relationship in the background paragraph to answer. Check whether your question requires both the background paragraph and the story to answer. If your question can be answered by only one of these, try to rewrite your question so that it requires both. Note that "flipping" a word in the question can give rise to a new question where the answer will be different from the original question. Often, "flipping" a word gives rise to flipping the direction of the relationship, for example, from "increase" to "decrease."
Part 2. Example
Background Paragraph: A rise in price of a good or service almost always decreases the quantity demanded of that good or service. Conversely, a fall in price will increase the quantity demanded. When the price of a gallon of gasoline increases, for example, people look for ways to reduce their consumption by combining several errands, commuting by carpool or mass transit, or taking weekend or vacation trips closer to home. Economists call this inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded the law of demand. The law of demand assumes that all other variables that affect demand (which we explain in the next module) are held constant.
Story: The AAA auto club does a weekly report on the prices of gas and diesel in various cities. Historically, the prices have be fairly stagnant, but this week their report garnered widespread attention as the prices of gas and diesel plunged from last week in Seattle by $0.40 each. However, just across the border in Vancouver, the cost of gas went up dramatically by $0.50.
Answer: Which city will have an increase in demand for gas?
Explanation: This is a good question as it requires understanding of the relationship described in both the background and story (the background mentions "a fall in price will increase the quantity demanded" and the story cites the decreasing price of gas in Seattle).
Part 3. Exercise
Background Paragraph: Any unused energy in food, whether it comes from carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids, is stored in the body as fat. An extra 3,500 Calories of energy results in the storage of almost half a kilogram (1 pound) of stored body fat. People who consistently consume more food energy then they need may become obese. Obesity occurs when the body mass index is 30.0 kg/m 2 or greater. Body mass index (BMI) is an estimate of the fat content of the body. It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight (in kilograms) by the square of the person’s height (in meters). Obesity increases the risk of health problems such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
Story: Two neighboring villages were living mostly off the land. Boar village was full of fat people, because they would overeat lots of animal products. Leap village was inhabited by vegetarians and vegans.Their food consumption was moderate.
Answer:
|
Which village had fewer people that were obese?
|
task060_ropes_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You need to come up with a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph. The generated question should not be answerable without both the background and story. Write a question about the story that requires a relationship in the background paragraph to answer. Check whether your question requires both the background paragraph and the story to answer. If your question can be answered by only one of these, try to rewrite your question so that it requires both. Note that "flipping" a word in the question can give rise to a new question where the answer will be different from the original question. Often, "flipping" a word gives rise to flipping the direction of the relationship, for example, from "increase" to "decrease."
Background Paragraph: The refraction of waves across boundaries operates similarly to the method by which tanks are steered. Tanks do not have a steering wheel. Instead, they have an accelerator to produce forward motion and separate brakes on each tread. The operator uses brakes on both treads at the same time in order to stop, but brakes on only one tread to turn the tank. By braking one side, the operator causes that side to slow down or stop while the other side continues at the previous speed, causing the tank to turn towards the slower tread.
Story: Benjamin is taking an Army training class and is learning to operate a tank. Today, he is in a tank with an instructor on a training course. Benjamin drives the tank forward and comes to a large dirt mound blocking his path. He needs to decide whether to break the left tread or right tread.
Output:
|
If Benjamin breaks the left tread which direction will the tank turn?
|
task060_ropes_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You need to come up with a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph. The generated question should not be answerable without both the background and story. Write a question about the story that requires a relationship in the background paragraph to answer. Check whether your question requires both the background paragraph and the story to answer. If your question can be answered by only one of these, try to rewrite your question so that it requires both. Note that "flipping" a word in the question can give rise to a new question where the answer will be different from the original question. Often, "flipping" a word gives rise to flipping the direction of the relationship, for example, from "increase" to "decrease."
Problem:Background Paragraph: The Figure below shows a graph of plotted against pressure for 1 mol of a gas at three different temperatures - 200 K, 500 K, and 1000 K. An ideal gas would have a value of 1 for that ratio at all temperatures and pressures and the graph would simply be a horizontal line. As can be seen, deviations from an ideal gas occur. As the pressure begins to rise, the attractive forces cause the volume of the gas to be less than expected and the value of drops under 1. Continued pressure increase results in the volume of the particles to become significant and the value of rises to greater than 1. Notice, that the magnitude of the deviations from ideality is greatest for the gas at 200 K and least for the gas at 1000 K.
Story: Tony is heating up a container of leftovers in his microwave for dinner tonight. When he puts the container in the microwave he leaves the lid on so it is still sealed. About two minutes into heating the food he hears a loud "pop" noise and looks to see the lid has completes blown off the container.
Solution:
|
Will increasing the temperature in a sealed container increase or decrease the pressure inside the container?
|
task060_ropes_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
test
|
Definition: You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You need to come up with a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph. The generated question should not be answerable without both the background and story. Write a question about the story that requires a relationship in the background paragraph to answer. Check whether your question requires both the background paragraph and the story to answer. If your question can be answered by only one of these, try to rewrite your question so that it requires both. Note that "flipping" a word in the question can give rise to a new question where the answer will be different from the original question. Often, "flipping" a word gives rise to flipping the direction of the relationship, for example, from "increase" to "decrease."
Input: Background Paragraph: Hepatitis B is a contagious virus that affects the liver, infection can last from a few weeks to a serious lifelong illness. Two different types of infection exist for this disease, "acute" and "chronic." Acute Hepatitis B is a short term illness that occurs within 6 months of exposure, Chronic Hepatitis B is long term and happens when the virus remains in the body. The younger the child is, the greater their chance of developing a chronic infection and this risk goes down as the child gets older. Approximately 90% of infected infants will develop a chronic infection.[3].
Story: A 2nd grade classroom photo was held today. They all gathered by age. Jeremy was the oldest. Aaron was the 2nd oldest. Randy was the 3rd oldest. Howard was the 4th oldest. Eugene was the 5th oldest. Carlos was the 6th oldest. The last one was Russell, who was the youngest. They all looked great that day.
Output:
|
Who has a greater chance of developing a chronic infection: Aaron or Carlos?
|
task060_ropes_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
validation
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Arabic.
Aí hai outro problema, que é que as forzas da natureza — en realidade é moi fermoso — parecen, ollando atrás no tempo, parecen mudar de forza.
|
هناك قضية اخرى ، و هى ان القوى فى الطبيعة — هذا جميل جدا "" فى الحقيقة — يبدو ، بينما تعود بالزمن ، يبدو انها تتغير فى شدتها.
|
task1241_ted_translation_gl_ar
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Arabic.
Problem:Xa non ten tempo.
Solution:
|
لقد إنتها وقته
|
task1241_ted_translation_gl_ar
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Arabic.
O progreso en biotecnoloxía non só se acelera, senón que tamén se democratiza.
Output:
|
لكن التطور في التقانة الحيوية لا يقتصر فقط على سرعة التطور ، بل أيضا على دمقرطتها.
|
task1241_ted_translation_gl_ar
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Arabic.
Q: E al-jebr traducido quere dicir "" o sistema para reconciliar partes dispares "".
A:
|
والجبر يمكن ترجمته على أنه "نظام للتوفيق بين الأجزاء المتباينة."
|
task1241_ted_translation_gl_ar
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Arabic.
Example: É basicamente un caldeiro que rota.
Output: ويوجد أساسا مرجل دوار.
The Galician sentence is correctly translated into Arabic, because the meaning is preserved.
New input case for you: Como poden ver, esta área cerebral vai arriba e abaixo en todos eles, pero as respostas son distintas, non están sincronizadas.
Output:
|
فكما تلاحظون ، تسير مؤشرات الدماغ كل فرد منهم إلى الأعلى والأسفل ، ولكن المؤشرات مختلفة تماماً ، وغير متزامنة.
|
task1241_ted_translation_gl_ar
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
Definition: You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Arabic.
Input: A mala noticia é que se extinguiron.
Output:
|
الخبر السيئ أنها انقرضت
|
task1241_ted_translation_gl_ar
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Arabic.
A letra SHeen, que soa como a nosa "" xe "" en "" peixe "" Tamén é a primeira letra da palabra shalan, que significa "" algo "" como na palabra inglesa "" something "", unha cousa indefinida e descoñecida.
إنه حرف الشين ، وصوته يبدو مثل — سس — "" sh "". كما أنه أول حرف في كلمة شيء. التي تعني "" شيء "" تماما مثل الكلمة الانجليزية التي شيء (something) — شيء غير معرف وغير معلوم.
Pero desafortunadamente, o 95% dos glaciares no Ártico estanse a retirar ata o punto onde o xeo remata na terra sen introducir xeo de novo no ecosistema.
ولكن للاسف فان 95% من المسطحات الجليدية في القطب تتآكل اليوم من المسطحات الارضية دون ان يكون هناك امداد عكسي للثلوج لتعويض ذلك
Nin sequera ten un avogado presente.
|
أنها لا تملك حتى القدرة على إحضار محام.
|
task1241_ted_translation_gl_ar
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Arabic.
Veremos nenos morrer de fame na televisión.
|
سنشاهد على التلفاز الأطفال يموتون جوعاً
|
task1241_ted_translation_gl_ar
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Arabic.
Example: É basicamente un caldeiro que rota.
Output: ويوجد أساسا مرجل دوار.
The Galician sentence is correctly translated into Arabic, because the meaning is preserved.
New input case for you: Primeiro, collemos o relato e reproducímolo ao revés.
Output:
|
أولا ، أخذنا القصة وقمنا بسردها بالعكس.
|
task1241_ted_translation_gl_ar
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 1
|
test
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Arabic.
Talvez non estamos sós.
Output:
|
قد لا نكون وحدنا.
|
task1241_ted_translation_gl_ar
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 1
|
validation
|
Detailed Instructions: You are given an elementary science question along with a few answer options. List all the words from the question that are essential and sufficient for choosing the correct answer option. Keep in mind that essential words are necessary to understand the meaning of the given question. However, non-essential words provide little information needed to select the correct answer. You can think about it like this: If the question was in another language, knowing the meaning of which words were necessary and enough for you to understand the question and answer it?. If your answer consists of multiple spans of words from the question, separate those using a comma (", "). Do not generate any word that is not present in the question. Make sure that your response is contained in the given question and the words are in the same order as the question.
Grammatical correctness is not important.
Q: Question: Plants need a source of energy in order to perform photosynthesis. From which source do plants receive the energy needed to perform photosynthesis? (A) oxygen (B) sugar (C) sunlight (D) water?
A:
|
Plants, energy, photosynthesis., source, energy, photosynthesis?
|
task044_essential_terms_identifying_essential_words
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
Definition: You are given an elementary science question along with a few answer options. List all the words from the question that are essential and sufficient for choosing the correct answer option. Keep in mind that essential words are necessary to understand the meaning of the given question. However, non-essential words provide little information needed to select the correct answer. You can think about it like this: If the question was in another language, knowing the meaning of which words were necessary and enough for you to understand the question and answer it?. If your answer consists of multiple spans of words from the question, separate those using a comma (", "). Do not generate any word that is not present in the question. Make sure that your response is contained in the given question and the words are in the same order as the question.
Grammatical correctness is not important.
Input: Question: Which of the following best describes a mineral? (A) a solid natural material with a crystal structure (B) a material that was once living but has decayed (C) a liquid chemical used to make soil more fertile (D) a nutrient produced by plants that other organisms need?
Output:
|
describes, mineral?
|
task044_essential_terms_identifying_essential_words
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
You are given an elementary science question along with a few answer options. List all the words from the question that are essential and sufficient for choosing the correct answer option. Keep in mind that essential words are necessary to understand the meaning of the given question. However, non-essential words provide little information needed to select the correct answer. You can think about it like this: If the question was in another language, knowing the meaning of which words were necessary and enough for you to understand the question and answer it?. If your answer consists of multiple spans of words from the question, separate those using a comma (", "). Do not generate any word that is not present in the question. Make sure that your response is contained in the given question and the words are in the same order as the question.
Grammatical correctness is not important.
Question: Which form of energy is found in food? (A) chemical(B) electrical(C) sound(D) mechanical?
|
energy, found, food?
|
task044_essential_terms_identifying_essential_words
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
You are given an elementary science question along with a few answer options. List all the words from the question that are essential and sufficient for choosing the correct answer option. Keep in mind that essential words are necessary to understand the meaning of the given question. However, non-essential words provide little information needed to select the correct answer. You can think about it like this: If the question was in another language, knowing the meaning of which words were necessary and enough for you to understand the question and answer it?. If your answer consists of multiple spans of words from the question, separate those using a comma (", "). Do not generate any word that is not present in the question. Make sure that your response is contained in the given question and the words are in the same order as the question.
Grammatical correctness is not important.
Question: Which type of energy does a person use to pedal a bicycle? (A) light (B) sound (C) mechanical (D) electrical?
Solution: energy, pedal, bicycle
Why? Clearly the words "energy", "pedal" and "bicycle" are necessary and enough to understand the category of the energy associated with this process, i.e. "mechanical". Other words are not necessary to inferring the correct answer.
New input: Question: What do ice, a rock, and a piece of aluminum have in common? (A) They are all solids. (B) They are all liquids. (C) They are all minerals. (D) They are all elements.?
Solution:
|
aluminum, common?
|
task044_essential_terms_identifying_essential_words
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
Instructions: You are given an elementary science question along with a few answer options. List all the words from the question that are essential and sufficient for choosing the correct answer option. Keep in mind that essential words are necessary to understand the meaning of the given question. However, non-essential words provide little information needed to select the correct answer. You can think about it like this: If the question was in another language, knowing the meaning of which words were necessary and enough for you to understand the question and answer it?. If your answer consists of multiple spans of words from the question, separate those using a comma (", "). Do not generate any word that is not present in the question. Make sure that your response is contained in the given question and the words are in the same order as the question.
Grammatical correctness is not important.
Input: Question: Which object is powered by an electrical circuit? (A) a drum (B) a flashlight (C) a matchstick (D) a wind-up toy?
Output:
|
powered, electrical, circuit?
|
task044_essential_terms_identifying_essential_words
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
Teacher:You are given an elementary science question along with a few answer options. List all the words from the question that are essential and sufficient for choosing the correct answer option. Keep in mind that essential words are necessary to understand the meaning of the given question. However, non-essential words provide little information needed to select the correct answer. You can think about it like this: If the question was in another language, knowing the meaning of which words were necessary and enough for you to understand the question and answer it?. If your answer consists of multiple spans of words from the question, separate those using a comma (", "). Do not generate any word that is not present in the question. Make sure that your response is contained in the given question and the words are in the same order as the question.
Grammatical correctness is not important.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Which of the following is a correct food chain? (A) human → corn → cow (B) corn → human → cow (C) corn → cow → human (D) cow → human → corn?
Student:
|
correct, food, chain?
|
task044_essential_terms_identifying_essential_words
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
You are given an elementary science question along with a few answer options. List all the words from the question that are essential and sufficient for choosing the correct answer option. Keep in mind that essential words are necessary to understand the meaning of the given question. However, non-essential words provide little information needed to select the correct answer. You can think about it like this: If the question was in another language, knowing the meaning of which words were necessary and enough for you to understand the question and answer it?. If your answer consists of multiple spans of words from the question, separate those using a comma (", "). Do not generate any word that is not present in the question. Make sure that your response is contained in the given question and the words are in the same order as the question.
Grammatical correctness is not important.
Question: Which type of energy does a person use to pedal a bicycle? (A) light (B) sound (C) mechanical (D) electrical?
Solution: energy, pedal, bicycle
Why? Clearly the words "energy", "pedal" and "bicycle" are necessary and enough to understand the category of the energy associated with this process, i.e. "mechanical". Other words are not necessary to inferring the correct answer.
New input: Question: Which of these tools would be best to use when observing insects in a field? (A) compass (B) hand lens (C) microscope (D) thermometer?
Solution:
|
tools, observing, insects, field?
|
task044_essential_terms_identifying_essential_words
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
You are given an elementary science question along with a few answer options. List all the words from the question that are essential and sufficient for choosing the correct answer option. Keep in mind that essential words are necessary to understand the meaning of the given question. However, non-essential words provide little information needed to select the correct answer. You can think about it like this: If the question was in another language, knowing the meaning of which words were necessary and enough for you to understand the question and answer it?. If your answer consists of multiple spans of words from the question, separate those using a comma (", "). Do not generate any word that is not present in the question. Make sure that your response is contained in the given question and the words are in the same order as the question.
Grammatical correctness is not important.
Let me give you an example: Question: Which type of energy does a person use to pedal a bicycle? (A) light (B) sound (C) mechanical (D) electrical?
The answer to this example can be: energy, pedal, bicycle
Here is why: Clearly the words "energy", "pedal" and "bicycle" are necessary and enough to understand the category of the energy associated with this process, i.e. "mechanical". Other words are not necessary to inferring the correct answer.
OK. solve this:
Question: What is a disadvantage of using moving water to produce electricity? (1) Power is produced inexpensively. (2) Air pollution is produced. (3) Oil spills may occur. (4) The local ecosystem may be disrupted.?
Answer:
|
disadvantage, moving, water, produce, electricity?
|
task044_essential_terms_identifying_essential_words
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
Part 1. Definition
You are given an elementary science question along with a few answer options. List all the words from the question that are essential and sufficient for choosing the correct answer option. Keep in mind that essential words are necessary to understand the meaning of the given question. However, non-essential words provide little information needed to select the correct answer. You can think about it like this: If the question was in another language, knowing the meaning of which words were necessary and enough for you to understand the question and answer it?. If your answer consists of multiple spans of words from the question, separate those using a comma (", "). Do not generate any word that is not present in the question. Make sure that your response is contained in the given question and the words are in the same order as the question.
Grammatical correctness is not important.
Part 2. Example
Question: Which type of energy does a person use to pedal a bicycle? (A) light (B) sound (C) mechanical (D) electrical?
Answer: energy, pedal, bicycle
Explanation: Clearly the words "energy", "pedal" and "bicycle" are necessary and enough to understand the category of the energy associated with this process, i.e. "mechanical". Other words are not necessary to inferring the correct answer.
Part 3. Exercise
Question: A population will most likely increase in size if there is an increase in ___. (A) enemies (B) hunters (C) food (D) disease?
Answer:
|
population, increase, increase
|
task044_essential_terms_identifying_essential_words
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
test
|
You are given an elementary science question along with a few answer options. List all the words from the question that are essential and sufficient for choosing the correct answer option. Keep in mind that essential words are necessary to understand the meaning of the given question. However, non-essential words provide little information needed to select the correct answer. You can think about it like this: If the question was in another language, knowing the meaning of which words were necessary and enough for you to understand the question and answer it?. If your answer consists of multiple spans of words from the question, separate those using a comma (", "). Do not generate any word that is not present in the question. Make sure that your response is contained in the given question and the words are in the same order as the question.
Grammatical correctness is not important.
Ex Input:
Question: What are the bundles of chemicals in our body called that control what we look like? (A) cells (B) genes (C) DNA (D) filaments?
Ex Output:
chemicals, body, control, look, like?
Ex Input:
Question: A soccer player kicks a soccer ball across a field. Which factor has the most effect on the distance the soccer ball travels? (A) the color of the ball (B) the force of the kick (C) the length of the field (D) the temperature of the air?
Ex Output:
soccer, ball, field., factor, effect, distance, ball, travels?
Ex Input:
Question: What is made in photosynthesis? (A) sugar and oxygen (B) water and oxygen (C) sugar and carbon dioxide (D) water and carbon dioxide?
Ex Output:
|
made, photosynthesis?
|
task044_essential_terms_identifying_essential_words
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 1
|
validation
|
Instructions: In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string.
Input: 5, 17, ['P', 'Y', '2935', 'a', 'Q', 'h', '5197', '8377', '1421', 'i', 'J', '2563', 'p', 'H', 'f', '1783', '1391', 'U', '7287', '6933', '2203']
Output:
|
13911783fHp2563Ji142183775197hQ
|
task101_reverse_and_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
Q: In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string.
1, 1, ['p', '3907']
A:
|
p
|
task101_reverse_and_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string.
--------
Question: 2, 5, ['365', '3543', '3853', 'o', 'X', 'A', 't', 'n', 'D', '4773', 'D', '4257', '6539', '7915']
Answer: Xo38533543
Question: 9, 18, ['K', 'z', 'N', 'M', 'C', '4085', 'Y', 'T', 'J', 'T', 'B', '1671', '1083', '2961', 'T', 'b', '5905', 'U', '6817', 'K', '9291', 'O']
Answer: U5905bT296110831671BTJ
Question: 22, 25, ['o', 'h', 'P', 'I', 'T', '4169', '7957', 'G', 'y', 'h', 'F', 'M', 'r', 'B', 'G', 'D', 'f', '7699', 'G', '3533', 'b', '5635', 'N', '275', 'P', 'z']
Answer:
|
P275N5635
|
task101_reverse_and_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string.
Ex Input:
1, 4, ['8533', '1413', '7079', 'B', '1267', 'Q', '4645', '8297', 'm', 'y', '1829', 'E']
Ex Output:
B707914138533
Ex Input:
6, 7, ['S', 'R', 'k', 'b', 'd', '9773', '6751']
Ex Output:
67519773
Ex Input:
6, 10, ['T', 'l', 'n', 'v', '9495', 'A', '3251', 'F', 'g', '4257', '1915', 'n', '8855', '8261']
Ex Output:
|
4257gF3251A
|
task101_reverse_and_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string.
Problem:7, 16, ['f', '4879', '9419', '1349', '2899', '7327', '1313', '1761', 'n', 'i', '6113', '2135', 'u', 'z', '4239', 'h', '3271', 'i', '9595', '4633']
Solution:
|
h4239zu21356113in17611313
|
task101_reverse_and_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
Q: In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string.
14, 15, ['5401', '5559', 't', 'j', '6643', 'I', 'V', 'W', 'h', 'V', 'v', 'g', 'D', 'M', 'Z', '4627', '9321', '4727', 'v', '6667', '6993', '1357', 'a', '361', '545']
A:
|
ZM
|
task101_reverse_and_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
Q: In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string.
11, 13, ['N', '6843', 'r', 'g', 'T', '2129', 'p', '2357', '4523', '5105', 'n', '9193', '455', '3499', 'c', '4785', '6713', 'U', 'K', 'g', 'y', 't', 'S', '7703', 'c', '1809', 'i', 'e']
A:
|
4559193n
|
task101_reverse_and_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
Teacher:In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: 2, 2, ['8505', 'r', '7087', '2701', '5647', 'v', 'a', '7747', 'F', '6839', '5685']
Student:
|
r
|
task101_reverse_and_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string.
--------
Question: 10, 20, ['9695', 'I', '5457', 'M', 'V', '7993', 'B', 'b', 'u', 'H', '7805', '3431', '6839', '3687', '8261', 'U', 'a', 'W', '9437', 'q', 'l']
Answer: q9437WaU82613687683934317805H
Question: 10, 16, ['7189', 'i', 'Y', 'c', '9537', '6129', '9781', '6065', 'd', 'w', 'V', 'N', '9709', '5231', '1721', '7699', '1991', 'y', 'o', '2945', 'v', 'e', '3941', '5477', '6409', 'E', '1853', 'K', 'U', '1157']
Answer: 7699172152319709NVw
Question: 4, 8, ['Q', 'S', '2365', '571', '9335', '9311', '9753', '8241', 'z', '547']
Answer:
|
8241975393119335571
|
task101_reverse_and_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
test
|
In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string.
Q: 2, 5, ['645', 'p', '4907', '4145', '9045']
A:
|
904541454907p
|
task101_reverse_and_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
validation
|
Teacher:In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Premise: But don't dilly-dally for too long. Once it's published we are all going to look a little risible if we have made no adjustments to what is after all known as being predominantly my own design of gallery. Also I am a bit older than the rest of you but you can perhaps understand that I don't want to drop dead without a proper and public recantation. <sep> Hypothesis: he doesn't want to drop dead without a proper and public recantation
Student:
|
Entailment
|
task1388_cb_entailment
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
Definition: In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Input: Premise: He left his own number, calling himself Alain - the name of her Malaysian-French ``business manager''. The next day Gina rang. She had obviously not noticed that it was her own number. <sep> Hypothesis: it was Gina's own number
Output:
|
Entailment
|
task1388_cb_entailment
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Definition: In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Input: Premise: A: I do too. I believe about ten years ago that we went through a terrible time, but I don't, I believe that they're better now, you know, wh-, B: I think so. I don't think they're shoddy <sep> Hypothesis: they're shoddy
Output:
|
Contradiction
|
task1388_cb_entailment
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Premise: The trend toward lower rents may seem surprising given that some communities in New York are bemoaning the loss of favorite local businesses to high rents. But, despite the recent softening, for many of these retailers there's still been too big a jump from the rental rates of the late 1970s, when their leases were signed. Certainly, the recent drop in prices doesn't mean Manhattan comes cheap. <sep> Hypothesis: Manhattan comes cheap
Output:
|
Contradiction
|
task1388_cb_entailment
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
Teacher:In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Premise: B: What am I afraid of? A: Yes. B: Um, I don't know if I'm really afraid of spending too much. I just, uh, don't think that I need them, you know. <sep> Hypothesis: she needs them
Student:
|
Contradiction
|
task1388_cb_entailment
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
[EX Q]: Premise: And why bother to write anyway? What was there to say? Mary had some vague idea that Adam's parents might suspect he was down here and come to see him. <sep> Hypothesis: Adam was down here
[EX A]: Entailment
[EX Q]: Premise: They 'd seen Miss Lavant on the promenade and about the town, always walking slowly, sometimes with a neat wicker basket. Kate had often thought she was beautiful. She hadn't known she was in love with Dr Greenslade who had a wife already and three children. <sep> Hypothesis: Miss Lavant was in love with Dr Greenslade
[EX A]: Entailment
[EX Q]: Premise: A: No, not really. I spends a lot of time with our income tax, though. especially, this year and last year. Um, I have been married for just a few years, so I've had to really switch around from the EZ form to the, uh, B: Schedule A. A: Right. B: Well, yeah. A: All the deductions and all that. B: Did you notice that when they passed the new simplified tax act, it seemed like it made everything harder? <sep> Hypothesis: when they passed the new simplified tax act it seemed like it made everything harder
[EX A]:
|
Entailment
|
task1388_cb_entailment
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Q: Premise: ``They have to be crushed, Bobkins!'' So saying, she marched off down the gravel path, making the kind of crunching noise Robert had thought could only be produced by the BBC sound-effects department. As they rounded the edge of the building he could see that behind the house was a vast garden. <sep> Hypothesis: behind the house was a vast garden
A:
|
Entailment
|
task1388_cb_entailment
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Input: Consider Input: Premise: Look, my dear, I'm not in my dotage yet, and I know I'm a grumbler and a complainer. You could say the only form of comfort I 've got are my complaints. <sep> Hypothesis: the only form of comfort he has are his complaints
Output: Entailment
Input: Consider Input: Premise: B: if you get it on sale, A: Yeah, yeah, so we bought that or we bought the filets, and then the chicken, or turkey nuggets, and I don't think anybody in my house knows the difference, unless you tell them. <sep> Hypothesis: someone in his house knows the difference
Output: Contradiction
Input: Consider Input: Premise: A: And I haven't quite figured that out, if they figure they have got it won or if there's no real hurry because the first three quarters or, uh, uh, if something happens that that adrenalin starts flowing. They say, hey, we got to do something now. And then start playing the game the way the game should be played toward the last few minutes. B: Yeah. A: So, I don't know I'm looking for a good year. I guess we're always looking for a good year. B: So, obviously though, do you think they're going to do anything in the playoffs to make it to the Super Bowl this year <sep> Hypothesis: they're going to do anything in the playoffs to make it to the Super Bowl this year
|
Output: Neutral
|
task1388_cb_entailment
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Teacher:In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Premise: ``That's good.'' Ruth stood looking at her. Rachaela could imagine Emma would have been all congratulations and the joys of womanhood. <sep> Hypothesis: Emma would have been all congratulations and the joys of womanhood
Student:
|
Entailment
|
task1388_cb_entailment
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 6
|
test
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Q: Premise: B: So am I. A: Are you, B: You know, I think it's kind of coming back around to that, don't you, <sep> Hypothesis: it's kind of coming back around to that
A:
|
Entailment
|
task1388_cb_entailment
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 9
|
validation
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story.
Q: Sentence1: Lucy was depressed. Sentence2: Her grandparents were trying to cheer her up. Sentence3: Their attempts only made it worse. Sentence4: She tried to be polite, but she just wanted to be left alone. Sentence5: She asked her grandparents to leave her alone and locked her door.
A:
|
Lucy, Her grandparents
|
task292_storycommonsense_character_text_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story.
Sentence1: Rachel was good at running. Sentence2: She challenged her friend Bob to a race. Sentence3: Bob agreed to the race. Sentence4: Rachel won the race. Sentence5: Bob congratulated Rachel on her win.
|
Bob, Rachel
|
task292_storycommonsense_character_text_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Instructions: In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story.
Input: Sentence1: Ida wanted to make her mom a scrapbook. Sentence2: She got a blank album and started decorating. Sentence3: Then she added lots of photos. Sentence4: She presented it to her mom on Christmas. Sentence5: Ida's mom was so happy she almost cried!
Output:
|
Ida's mom, Ida
|
task292_storycommonsense_character_text_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story.
Ex Input:
Sentence1: Charles didn't like how his preacher skipped around the Bible. Sentence2: Charles thought the Bible should be read from beginning to end. Sentence3: He made a plan to read the whole Bible in 30 days. Sentence4: He read in the day and listened to Bible readings on youtube at night. Sentence5: He read through the Bible in 30 days and impressed his preacher.
Ex Output:
Charles, His preacher
Ex Input:
Sentence1: Tom had jealousy issues. Sentence2: He found his girlfriend with a strange guy. Sentence3: Tom confronted them both in an angry fashion. Sentence4: They tried to explain to Tom that they were just cousins. Sentence5: Tom knew they were lying.
Ex Output:
Girlfriend, Guy, Tom
Ex Input:
Sentence1: A friend of mine met a man on the web from Africa. Sentence2: He was friendly, charming, handsome and she fell head over heels. Sentence3: He promised to love her, marry her and care for her kids. Sentence4: She sent him a lot of money on the promise he would marry her soon. Sentence5: When she ran out of money he changed his number.
Ex Output:
|
Friend, Man
|
task292_storycommonsense_character_text_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story.
Problem:Sentence1: When I was a kid my parents bought me a skateboard. Sentence2: I had always wanted to learn how to skateboard. Sentence3: I practiced riding it all the time. Sentence4: No matter how hard I practiced I couldn't get the hang of it. Sentence5: I'm really sad I could never get the hang of skateboarding.
Solution:
|
I (myself), Parents
|
task292_storycommonsense_character_text_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story.
--------
Question: Sentence1: George and Layla loved each other, but were with different people. Sentence2: Layla broke up with her boyfriend, but George was engaged. Sentence3: One night they couldn't resist and finally hooked up. Sentence4: George felt dreadful and told his fiance about the incident. Sentence5: The bride broke the engagement and ended their relationship.
Answer: Fiance, George, Layla, Boyfriend
Question: Sentence1: Alex owned a lot of money to a loan shark. Sentence2: He was desperate to make money as fast as he could to repay the loan. Sentence3: He went to the casino and gambled everything he had left. Sentence4: In a lucky strike, he quadrupled his earnings. Sentence5: He then paid the loan shark and swore to never borrow money again.
Answer: Alex
Question: Sentence1: The sink in my bathroom broke. Sentence2: I decided that I should fix it myself. Sentence3: After one hour, the sink looked worse than before. Sentence4: I finally decided to call a professional plumber. Sentence5: The plumber fixed the sink in ten minutes.
Answer:
|
I (myself), Professional plumber
|
task292_storycommonsense_character_text_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story.
[EX Q]: Sentence1: John did not know how to roller skate. Sentence2: His friend said that he would teach him. Sentence3: They spent all day practicing skating. Sentence4: John kept trying and got very good. Sentence5: Now he roller skates all over the neighborhood.
[EX A]: John, Friend
[EX Q]: Sentence1: Samantha really needed a haircut but didn't have much money. Sentence2: She asked her parents, but they didn't have much money either. Sentence3: She came up with an idea to raffle off her radio at school. Sentence4: She sold 85 tickets at a quarter a piece. Sentence5: It was just enough for a haircut, and now she looks swell!
[EX A]: Samantha, Parents
[EX Q]: Sentence1: Samantha was going out for the night. Sentence2: She needed to withdraw money. Sentence3: She went to the atm and inserted her card. Sentence4: The atm displayed an error message! Sentence5: Sam drove to the grocery store and was able to get cash back instead.
[EX A]:
|
Samantha
|
task292_storycommonsense_character_text_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story.
Example: Sentence1: My dog was bored. Sentence2: I was working all day so I couldn't spend time with him. Sentence3: When I finished work I decided to play with my dog. Sentence4: He was so happy to finally have some fun! Sentence5: Alas, he fell sick and died.
Output: I (myself), Dog
There is only two characters in given story, i.e., I (myself) and dog.
New input case for you: Sentence1: Bill had so much turkey for Thanksgiving. Sentence2: He was sick of it by December. Sentence3: So on Christmas day he decided to change it up. Sentence4: And got a ham instead for the first time. Sentence5: It was his best Christmas ever.
Output:
|
Bill
|
task292_storycommonsense_character_text_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story.
See one example below:
Problem: Sentence1: My dog was bored. Sentence2: I was working all day so I couldn't spend time with him. Sentence3: When I finished work I decided to play with my dog. Sentence4: He was so happy to finally have some fun! Sentence5: Alas, he fell sick and died.
Solution: I (myself), Dog
Explanation: There is only two characters in given story, i.e., I (myself) and dog.
Problem: Sentence1: Jill was sick with the flu and called out of work. Sentence2: While she was home her cousin stopped by asking her to watch her dog. Sentence3: She agreed reluctantly and the dog was allowed in. Sentence4: Bored and sick, Jill managed to teach it to bring the thermometer. Sentence5: She recovered quickly only to quit her job and become a dog trainer.
Solution:
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Jill's dog, Jill, Cousin
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task292_storycommonsense_character_text_generation
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NIv2
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fs_opt
| 4
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test
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Teacher:In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Sentence1: Sue loved to play the guitar. Sentence2: She practiced everyday at night. Sentence3: She eventually got good enough to start a band. Sentence4: She called her band The Sue Birds. Sentence5: She traveled all over the United States on a tour bus.
Student:
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Sue, Birds
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task292_storycommonsense_character_text_generation
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NIv2
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zs_opt
| 6
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validation
|
Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. In which county the valuation of assets would be lower? As an economist Dan is interested in economies of South America. He has extensively studied two countries, Venezuela and Bolivia. His conclusion is Venezuela's economic policy had lead to capital flight. But Bolivia is a completely different story. Their economic policy did not lead to capital flight. Hint: Capital flight, in economics, occurs when assets or money rapidly flow out of a country, due to an event of economic consequence. Such events could be an increase in taxes on capital or capital holders or the government of the country defaulting on its debt that disturbs investors and causes them to lower their valuation of the assets in that country, or otherwise to lose confidence in its economic strength. This leads to a disappearance of wealth, and is usually accompanied by a sharp drop in the exchange rate of the affected country—depreciation in a variable exchange rate regime, or a forced devaluation in a fixed exchange rate regime. This fall is particularly damaging when the capital belongs to the people of the affected country, because not only are the citizens now burdened by the loss in the economy and devaluation of their currency, but probably also, their assets have lost much of their nominal value. This leads to dramatic decreases in the purchasing power of the country's assets and makes it increasingly expensive to import goods and acquire any form of foreign facilities, e.g. medical facilities.
The answer to this question is:
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Venezuela
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ropes_prompt_beginning
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P3
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zs_opt
| 7
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train
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Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which company discharged less debt, company X or company Y? Company X stopped taking on more debt, and decided to file for bankruptcy, while company Y, kept benefiting from the tax benefits of debt, having a lower debt level. Hint: The trade-off theory of capital structure is the idea that a company chooses how much debt finance and how much equity finance to use by balancing the costs and benefits. The classical version of the hypothesis goes back to Kraus and Litzenberger[1] who considered a balance between the dead-weight costs of bankruptcy and the tax saving benefits of debt. Often agency costs are also included in the balance. This theory is often set up as a competitor theory to the pecking order theory of capital structure. A review of the literature is provided by Frank and Goyal.[2] An important purpose of the theory is to explain the fact that corporations usually are financed partly with debt and partly with equity. It states that there is an advantage to financing with debt, the tax benefits of debt and there is a cost of financing with debt, the costs of financial distress including bankruptcy costs of debt and non-bankruptcy costs (e.g. staff leaving, suppliers demanding disadvantageous payment terms, bondholder/stockholder infighting, etc.). The marginal benefit of further increases in debt declines as debt increases, while the marginal cost increases, so that a firm that is optimizing its overall value will focus on this trade-off when choosing how much debt and equity to use for financing.
----
Answer: company Y
Q: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which group will have to wait more for the reactions to finish? Students in a high school chemistry class are conducting an experiment where they perform an acid-base reaction with various conditions. Half the students, called the non-enzyme half, perform the reaction by simply mixing the chemicals together and waiting. The other half of the students, called the enzyme-half, mix the chemicals together, then add an enzyme specialized for this specific reaction. Hint: Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions by reducing the amount of activation energy needed for reactants to start reacting. Enzymes are synthesized in the cells that need them, based on instructions encoded in the cell’s DNA. Enzymes aren’t changed or used up in the reactions they catalyze, so they can be used to speed up the same reaction over and over again. Enzymes are highly specific for certain chemical reactions, so they are very effective. A reaction that would take years to occur without its enzyme might occur in a split second with the enzyme. Enzymes are also very efficient, so waste products rarely form.
A: the non-enzyme half
Question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which brother was not infected by food preparers who didn't wash their hands? Two brothers had very bad luck when they attended a wedding. Tom fell violently ill after eating some tainted food, and he was rushed to the hospital. His brother Rob felt sick later, after eating the main course. Tom was infected with norovirus and hepatitis A, while Rob was infected with Giardia and Trichinella. Hint: Common foodborne viruses include norovirus and hepatitis A virus. Norovirus, which causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines, has been a recent issue on cruise ships, infecting hundreds of passengers and crew on certain voyages. Hepatitis A causes inflammation of the liver, which is treated with rest and diet changes. Parasites are tiny organisms that live inside another organism. Giardia is a parasite spread through water contaminated with the stools of people or animals who are infected. Food preparers who are infected with parasites can also contaminate food if they do not thoroughly wash their hands after using the bathroom and before handling food. Trichinella is a type of roundworm parasite. People may be infected with this parasite by consuming raw or undercooked pork or wild game.
Answer: Tom
[Q]: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which person lived closer to Kilauea volcano? Melinda lived on The Big Island of Hawaii. One day she invited her Australian friend Janice over to visit the islands. Janice was very excited about the invitation. Hint: The Hawaiian Islands ( Figure above ) are in the central Pacific Ocean. The islands are volcanoes that increase in age from southeast to northwest. The youngest island is the Big Island of Hawaii at the southeast end of the chain. The volcanoes get older through Maui, Kahoolawe, Lanai, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau Islands through the northwest. The Kilauea volcano on Hawaii has been erupting almost continuously since 1983. There are also eruptions at an underwater volcano called Loih
****
[A]: Melinda
input: Please answer the following: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which village burned more fossil fuels? When comparing village A from ten thousand years ago to village B from today, we reached the conclusion that today's villagers release much more carbon into the atmosphere by their activities. Hint: Because of human activities, there is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today than in the past hundreds of thousands of years. Burning fossil fuels and has released great quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Cutting forests and clearing land has also increased carbon dioxide into the atmosphere because these activities reduce the number of autotrophic organisms that use up carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. In addition, clearing often involves burning, which releases carbon dioxide that was previously stored in autotrophs.
++++++++++
output: village B
Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Would Ptolemy's device have created less or more applied force than Archimedes' one? Archimedes was a great scientist. He was also a great inventor of machines. He once said that if he could stand somewhere, he could move the earth with his machine. Hearing that, king of Sicily called Archimedes and his fellow scientist Ptolemy to come up with great inventions. Archimedes, as everyone expected, came up with a great machine. But Ptolemy couldn't do much in such a limited time. So, his device was not a machine. Hint: Machines make work easier by increasing the amount of force that is applied, increasing the distance over which the force is applied, or changing the direction in which the force is applied. Contrary to popular belief, machines do not increase the amount of work that is done. They just change how the work is done. So if a machine increases the force applied, it must apply the force over a shorter distance. Similarly, if a machine increases the distance over which the force is applied, it must apply less force.
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Answer:
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less
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ropes_prompt_beginning
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P3
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fs_opt
| 0
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train
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input: Please answer the following: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which continent caused more tropical forest destruction? Two continents had different histories. Asia was inhabited by many humans which destroyed most natural habitats through their activities. America was protective towards its environment and therefore thrived. Hint: Habitat destruction has played a key role in extinctions, especially in relation to tropical forest destruction. Factors contributing to habitat loss include: overconsumption, overpopulation, land use change, deforestation, pollution (air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination) and global warming or climate change.Habitat size and numbers of species are systematically related. Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area. Conversion to "trivial" standardized ecosystems (e.g., monoculture following deforestation) effectively destroys habitat for the more diverse species that preceded the conversion. Even the simplest forms of agriculture affect diversity – through clearing/draining land, discouraging weeds and "pests", and encouraging just a limited set of domesticated plant and animal species. In some countries lack of property rights or lax law/regulatory enforcement necessarily leads to biodiversity loss (degradation costs having to be supported by the community).A 2007 study conducted by the National Science Foundation found that biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent—that diversity among species requires diversity within a species and vice versa. "If any one type is removed from the system, the cycle can break down and the community becomes dominated by a single species."
++++++++++
output: Asia
Please answer this: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Will Ian's ability to see nearby objects increase or decrease when he removes his glasses? Ian is looking to buy a new pair of glasses. When he goes to the eye doctor he is told he is Farsighted. He is outside he can see things that are far away very clearly but when things are close to him they get blurry. With his new glasses he is now able to see things that are near him because they focus what he sees farther forward in his eyes, Hint: Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is the condition in which distant objects are seen clearly, but nearby objects appear blurry. It occurs when the eyeball is shorter than normal (see Figure below ). This causes images to be focused in a spot that would fall behind the retina (if light could pass through the retina). Hyperopia can be corrected with convex lenses. The lenses focus images farther forward in the eye, so they fall on the retina instead of behind it.
++++++++
Answer: decrease
Problem: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which girl had no ability to control blood clotting? Mary had two twin daughters, Mimi and Coco. Coco was healthy, but Mimi had hemophilia. Mimi took frequent trips to the doctor's office. Hint: Hemophilia is the name of a group of hereditary diseases that affect the body's ability to control blood clotting. Hemophilia is caused by a lack of clotting factors in the blood. Clotting factors are normally released by platelets. Since people with hemophilia cannot produce clots, any cut can put a person at risk of bleeding to death. The risk of internal bleeding is also increased in hemophilia, especially into muscles and joints. This disease affected the royal families of Europe.
A: Mimi
Problem: Given the question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which friend contracted a virus that originated in sub-Saharan Africa during the 20th century? Sam and Ned went on vacation, The 2 friends partied nights and spent their days on the beach. Sam started getting flu like symptoms, so he went to the doctor's office where he found out that he was infected with HIV. Ned got scared when he heard what happened, but fortunately he was OK. Hint: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) is the virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ). Most researchers believe that the HIV originated in sub-Saharan Africa during the 20th century. HIV is transmitted by sexual contact and by contact with infected bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, breast milk, and vaginal secretions. It is also passed from mother to fetus. HIV is now a pandemic , with an estimated (as of 2008) 38.6 million people now living with the disease worldwide. It is estimated that AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized in 1981. For further information about HIV/AIDS, see the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) web site at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/ .
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
Sam
input question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Would country B see higher or lower growth rate of the species than country A? John is studying a species in two similar countries, country A and country B. Country A has large population, but country B has small population of that species. John is pondering about how this species would fare in the future in these two countries. Hint: In nature, when the population size is small, there is usually plenty of food and other resources for each individual. When there is plenty of food and other resources, organisms can easily reproduce, so the birth rate is high. As the population increases, the food supply, or the supply of another necessary resource, may decrease. When necessary resources, such as food, decrease, some individuals will die. Overall, the population cannot reproduce at the same rate, so the birth rates drop. This will cause the population growth rate to decrease.???
output answer: higher
input question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. In which era biodiversity would be higher, era A or era B? John was studying the history of dinosaurs. He found that dinosaurs were flourishing before 66 million years ago. He labeled it as era A. Then he found that there was a mass extinction around 66 million years ago. He labeled that time period as era B. John found it interesting that many species have evolved in the course of history. Hint: Species go extinct constantly as environments change, as organisms compete for environmental niches, and as genetic mutation leads to the rise of new species from older ones. Occasionally biodiversity on Earth takes a hit in the form of a mass extinction in which the extinction rate is much higher than usual. A large extinction-event often represents an accumulation of smaller extinction- events that take place in a relatively brief period of time.The first known mass extinction in earth's history was the Great Oxygenation Event 2.4 billion years ago. That event led to the loss of most of the planet's obligate anaerobes. Researchers have identified five major extinction events in earth's history since:???
output answer:
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era A
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ropes_prompt_beginning
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P3
|
fs_opt
| 8
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train
|
Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which planet used fewer aerosols? Two neighboring planets identical to Earth in size and atmospheric conditions behaved differently towards their environments. Planet A emitted a lot of air pollution, destroying its ozone layer, while Planet B respected the environment and used ecological products. Hint: Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion results in higher levels of UV radiation reaching Earth. In humans, this increases skin cancers and eye cataracts. It also disturbs the nitrogen cycle, kills plankton, and disrupts ocean food webs. The total loss of the ozone layer would be devastating to most life. It’s rate of loss has slowed with restrictions on pollutants, but it is still at risk.
Answer:
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Planet B
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ropes_prompt_beginning
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P3
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zs_noopt
| 1
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train
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Please answer the following question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Who would prefer to use an argon sign? John and Jacob are both store owners hoping to attract more attention to their stores by using neon signs. Since both of them will be in their store for so many hours, they want to use neon signs that produce their favorite colors. John's favorite color is violet, while Jacob's favorite color is blue. Hint: A neon light produces visible light by electroluminescence. In this process, neon or some other gas gives off light when an electric current passes through it. Other halogen gases besides neon—including krypton and argon—also produce light in this way. The word “OPEN” in the sign below is a neon light. It is a long glass tube that contains neon gas. When electricity passes through the gas, it excites electrons of neon atoms, and the electrons jump to a higher energy level. As the excited electrons return to their original energy level, they give off visible light. Neon produces red light. Other gases produce light of different colors. For example, krypton produces violet light, and argon produces blue light.
A:
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Jacob
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ropes_prompt_beginning
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P3
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zs_opt
| 8
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train
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Problem: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Who would prefer to use a krypton sign? John and Jacob are both store owners hoping to attract more attention to their stores by using neon signs. Since both of them will be in their store for so many hours, they want to use neon signs that produce their favorite colors. John's favorite color is violet, while Jacob's favorite color is blue. Hint: A neon light produces visible light by electroluminescence. In this process, neon or some other gas gives off light when an electric current passes through it. Other halogen gases besides neon—including krypton and argon—also produce light in this way. The word “OPEN” in the sign below is a neon light. It is a long glass tube that contains neon gas. When electricity passes through the gas, it excites electrons of neon atoms, and the electrons jump to a higher energy level. As the excited electrons return to their original energy level, they give off visible light. Neon produces red light. Other gases produce light of different colors. For example, krypton produces violet light, and argon produces blue light.
A: John
Problem: Given the question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Will the blood vessels near Adam's injury have expanded or contracted? Adam was playing tag football when one of his friends tagged him a bit too hard and caused him to tumble and fall. He noticed when he fell, he got a pretty bad cut in his knee. He decided to ignore the injury for now and keep playing. Later when he got home he realized the area of the cut was warm and swollen Hint: The body's second line of defense against pathogens includes the inflammatory response. If bacteria enter the skin through a scrape, the area may become red, warm, and painful. These are signs of inflammation. Inflammation is one way the body reacts to infections or injuries. Inflammation is caused by chemicals that are released when skin or other tissues are damaged. The chemicals cause nearby blood vessels to dilate, or expand. This increases blood flow to the damaged area, which makes the area red and slightly warm. The chemicals also attract white blood cells called neutrophils to the wound and cause them to leak out of blood vessels into the damaged tissue.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
expanded
input question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which brother studied more about fertilization that takes place outside the mother's body? Two brothers learned about animal reproduction, Tim learned about fish reproduction, while Bill learned about mammal reproduction. They both received grade A. Hint: Fish reproduce sexually. They lay eggs that can be fertilized either inside or outside of the body. In most fish, the eggs develop outside of the mother's body. In the majority of these species, fertilization also takes place outside the mother's body. The male and female fish release their gametes into the surrounding water, where fertilization occurs. Female fish release very high numbers of eggs to increase the chances of fertilization.???
output answer: Tim
Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which town has more people that caught whooping cough? Birch town was located 20 miles away from Free town. Birch town's population was affected by viral respiratory diseases, while Free town's population caught bacterial respiratory diseases. Hint: Many respiratory diseases are caused by pathogens. A pathogen is an organism that causes disease in another organism. Certain bacteria, viruses, and fungi are pathogens of the respiratory system. The common cold and flu are caused by viruses. The influenza virus that causes the flu is pictured below ( Figure below ). Tuberculosis, whooping cough, and acute bronchitis are caused by bacteria. The pathogens that cause colds, flu, and TB can be passed from person to person by coughing, sneezing, and spitting. Illnesses caused by bacteria can be treated with antibiotics. Those caused by viruses cannot.
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Answer: Free
Q: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which person is less likely to have chlamydia? At a doctor's office, two people come in to get STD tests. John comes in and reports the only symptom he has is a rash on his thighs. Patty says she has seen something leaking out of her vagina, and she's not sure what it is. The doctor takes a urine sample from each and will give them the results in a day or two. Hint: Chlamydia may cause a burning feeling during urination. It may also cause a discharge (leaking of fluids) from the vagina or penis. But in many cases it causes no symptoms. As a result, people do not know they are infected, so they don’t go to the doctor for help. If chlamydia goes untreated, it may cause more serious problems in females. It may cause infections of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries. These infections may leave a woman unable to have children.
A: John
[Q]: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which particle would have more kinetic energy, particle A or particle B? David is a physicist. He teaches school children how matters and energy work. One day he was teaching them about two particles of matter, particle A and particle B. Particle A moves faster, but particle B moves slower. He was showing the children about different characteristics of moving particles. Hint: No doubt you already have a good idea of what temperature is. You might say that it’s how warm or cool something feels. In physics, temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of the particles of matter. When particles of matter move more quickly, they have more kinetic energy, so their temperature is higher. With a higher temperature, matter feels warmer. When particles move more slowly, they have less kinetic energy on average, so their temperature is lower. With a lower temperature, matter feels cooler.
****
[A]:
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particle A
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ropes_prompt_beginning
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P3
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fs_opt
| 3
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train
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Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which village had fewer people with increased risk of health problems? Two neighboring villages were living mostly off the land. Boar village was full of fat people, because they would overeat lots of animal products. Leap village was inhabited by vegetarians and vegans.Their food consumption was moderate. Hint: Any unused energy in food, whether it comes from carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids, is stored in the body as fat. An extra 3,500 Calories of energy results in the storage of almost half a kilogram (1 pound) of stored body fat. People who consistently consume more food energy then they need may become obese. Obesity occurs when the body mass index is 30.0 kg/m 2 or greater. Body mass index (BMI) is an estimate of the fat content of the body. It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight (in kilograms) by the square of the person’s height (in meters). Obesity increases the risk of health problems such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
The answer to this question is:
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Leap
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ropes_prompt_beginning
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P3
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zs_opt
| 7
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train
|
Problem: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which friend learned less about energy in the far infrared range? Two meteorologists were good friends and discussed diverse issues weekly. This week they will talk again. Tim read about the Greenhouse Effect while Norm read about the mini-Ice ages. Hint: Greenhouse Effect: The solar energy reaching the surface of the Earth is concentrated in short wavelengths, which can easily penetrate the greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane. The Earth, however, is cooler than the sun and it radiates its heat in the form of energy in the far infrared range. These longer wavelengths are partially absorbed by the greenhouse gases and some of the solar heat is returned to Earth. At a certain temperature these processes are in equilibrium and the surface temperature of the Earth is stable. However, if more greenhouse gases are put in the atmosphere the amount of trapped terrestrial radiation increases, leading to an increase in global temperature.
A: Norm
Problem: Given the question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which city had more people exposed to home or school classroom pollution? Two neighboring cities had very different health related problems. Twin city had increased air pollution, their people experiencing all kinds of respiratory diseases, while Pine city had problems with age related diseases. Hint: Recall that air pollution is due to chemical substances and particles released into the air mainly by human actions. When most people think of air pollution, they think of the pollution outdoors. But it is just as easy to have indoor air pollution. Your home or school classroom probably doesn't get much fresh air. Sealing up your home reduces heating and cooling costs. But this also causes air pollution to stay trapped indoors. And people today usually spend a majority of their time indoors. So exposure to indoor air pollution can become a significant health risk.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
Twin
input question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which team learned about the spread of humans to Australia? Research team Alpha learned about early human activities, from 200000 years ago, while team Gamma learned about late human activities, 40000 years ago to present times. Hint: The earliest members of the human species evolved around 200,000 years ago in Africa. Early humans lived in small populations of nomadic hunters and gatherers. Human beings remained in Africa until about 40,000 years ago. After that, they spread throughout Europe, Asia, and Australia. By 10,000 years ago, the first human beings colonized the Americas. During this long period of time, the total number of human beings increased very slowly. Birth rates were fairly high but so were death rates, producing low rates of population growth.???
output answer: team Gamma
Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which family had fewer members that were overweight? The Jones family and the Bell family both entered a medical study for diabetes.The members of Jones family had mostly type 1 diabetes, while Bell family members had type 2 diabetes because they ate junk-food. Hint: Type 2 diabetes is much more common than type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes occurs when body cells no longer respond normally to insulin. The pancreas still makes insulin, but the cells of the body can’t use it. Being overweight and having high blood pressure increase the chances of developing type 2 diabetes. This type of diabetes usually develops in adulthood. However, it is becoming more common in teens and children because more young people are overweight now than ever before.
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Answer: Jones
Q: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Given the lava is hot enough to cause some of the water to turn to steam, will the molecules near the lava have higher or lower speed than the molecules further away? A new volcano is growing underwater. Every few days it has minor lava flow eruptions off the coast of Hawaii. People have actually enjoyed swimming in the water above this newly forming volcano because it is very soothing and relaxing. Hint: We discussed earlier some basic principles about the behavior of gases called the kinetic-molecular theory. Among other things, this theory suggests that gas molecules are in constant motion, and the average speed of the individual gas particles is dependent upon temperature – the higher the temperature, the faster the molecules move. It is not just gas particles that are in constant motion. The molecules and ions that make up liquids and solutions are also continually moving in nearly random directions. As a result, molecules and ions in a solution will collide with one another fairly frequently. As with gases, a temperature increase will produce an increase in the average particle speed.
A: higher
[Q]: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Who is less likely to become obese? Jerry and George are two roommates who have lived together since college. They have always gotten along well, have similar hobbies and even are the same height. They both enjoy watching sports and playing videogames, but Jerry also rides his bike several miles each week. George can't stand exercising. Instead, he prefers to lay around relaxing and driving his car if he needs to go somewhere. Hint: Any unused energy in food, whether it comes from carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids, is stored in the body as fat. An extra 3,500 Calories of energy results in the storage of almost half a kilogram (1 pound) of stored body fat. People who consistently consume more food energy then they need may become obese. Obesity occurs when the body mass index is 30.0 kg/m 2 or greater. Body mass index (BMI) is an estimate of the fat content of the body. It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight (in kilograms) by the square of the person’s height (in meters). Obesity increases the risk of health problems such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
****
[A]:
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Jerry
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ropes_prompt_beginning
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P3
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fs_opt
| 3
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train
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input question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which cousin didn't start avoiding carcinogens? Paul started a healthy lifestyle because he wanted to avoid getting cancer. His cousin Pete laughed at him, and continued eating fast-foods, smoking and disregarding his health completely. Hint: Making these healthy lifestyle choices can also help prevent some types of cancer. In addition, you can lower the risk of cancer by avoiding carcinogens , which are substances that cause cancer. For example, you can reduce your risk of lung cancer by not smoking. You can reduce your risk of skin cancer by using sunscreen. How to choose a sunscreen that offers the most protection is explained below ( Figure below ). Some people think that tanning beds are a safe way to get a tan. This is a myth. Tanning beds expose the skin to UV radiation. Any exposure to UV radiation increases the risk of skin cancer. It doesn’t matter whether the radiation comes from tanning lamps or the sun.???
output answer: Pete
Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which person had a lower build up of plaque on their arteries? Manny and Joe checked their cholesterol levels. Joe found out that his cholesterol levels were within normal parameters, while Manny had very high cholesterol levels and was recommended some lifestyle changes. Hint: Cholesterol can't dissolve in the blood. It has to be transported to and from the cells by carriers called lipoproteins. Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, is known as "bad" cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as good cholesterol. When too much LDL cholesterol circulates in the blood, it can slowly build up in the inner walls of the arteries that feed the heart and brain. Together with other substances, it can form plaque, and lead to atherosclerosis. If a clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, a heart attack or stroke can result. Cholesterol comes from the food you eat as well as being made by the body. To lower bad cholesterol, a diet low in saturated fat and dietary cholesterol should be followed. Regular aerobic exercise also lowers LDL cholesterol and increases HDL cholesterol.
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Answer: Joe
Q: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which group studied more about clouds made of carbon dioxide? Two groups of children studied about some of the planets from our Solar system and their atmospheres. Group E studied about Earth, while group V studied about the planet Venus. Hint: Clouds on Earth are made of water vapor. Venus's clouds are a lot less pleasant. They are made of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and large amounts of corrosive sulfuric acid! The atmosphere of Venus is so thick that the pressure on the surface of Venus is very high. In fact, it is 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface! The thick atmosphere causes a strong greenhouse effect. As a result, Venus is the hottest planet. Even though it is farther from the Sun, Venus is much hotter even than Mercury. Temperatures at the surface reach 465°C (860°F). That’s hot enough to melt lead!
A: group V
Question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which student learned less about the releasing of chemicals when the skin is damaged or injured? Two medical students learned about the human body's defense against pathogens. Niles learned about the body's first line of defense, while Bill learned more about the inflammatory response. Hint: The body's second line of defense against pathogens includes the inflammatory response. If bacteria enter the skin through a scrape, the area may become red, warm, and painful. These are signs of inflammation. Inflammation is one way the body reacts to infections or injuries. Inflammation is caused by chemicals that are released when skin or other tissues are damaged. The chemicals cause nearby blood vessels to dilate, or expand. This increases blood flow to the damaged area, which makes the area red and slightly warm. The chemicals also attract white blood cells called neutrophils to the wound and cause them to leak out of blood vessels into the damaged tissue.
Answer: Niles
[Q]: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which planet would be less affected by Sun's gravity, Neptune or Earth? Planet Neptune is not only very cold but also farther from the Sun than the Earth. In fact, it is the farthest planet from the Sun in our solar system. On the other hand, the Earth enjoys a close proximity to the Sun. Only Mercury and Venus are closer to the Sun than the Earth. Hint: According to current definitions, all planets must revolve around stars; thus, any potential "rogue planets" are excluded. In the Solar System, all the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction as the Sun rotates (counter-clockwise as seen from above the Sun's north pole). At least one extrasolar planet, WASP-17b, has been found to orbit in the opposite direction to its star's rotation. The period of one revolution of a planet's orbit is known as its sidereal period or year. A planet's year depends on its distance from its star; the farther a planet is from its star, not only the longer the distance it must travel, but also the slower its speed, because it is less affected by its star's gravity. No planet's orbit is perfectly circular, and hence the distance of each varies over the course of its year. The closest approach to its star is called its periastron (perihelion in the Solar System), whereas its farthest separation from the star is called its apastron (aphelion). As a planet approaches periastron, its speed increases as it trades gravitational potential energy for kinetic energy, just as a falling object on Earth accelerates as it falls; as the planet reaches apastron, its speed decreases, just as an object thrown upwards on Earth slows down as it reaches the apex of its trajectory.Each planet's orbit is delineated by a set of elements:
****
[A]: Neptune
Problem: Given the question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which city exposed more people to lung cancer? Tree city and Leaf city were the two biggest cities in Boulderland. Tree city burned lots of gas and other fossil fuels, while Leaf city was very protective towards its environment. Hint: Air pollution is harmful to human beings and other living things. About 22 million people die from air pollution each year. Breathing polluted air increases the risk of developing lung diseases such as asthma and lung cancer. Breathing bad air also increases the chances of dying from other diseases. Children are most likely to be affected by air pollution. That’s because their lungs are still developing and growing. Children also take in more air for their size than adults do. Some air pollutants damage the environment as well as the health of living things. The type of damage depends on the pollutant. Air pollution can also harm the environment.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
|
Tree
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ropes_prompt_beginning
|
P3
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
test
|
Problem: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which sister had blood that was able to clot? Two twin sisters were taken to the doctor's office by their parents. It turned out that Mary had hemophilia while Ann didn't have any blood disease. Hint: Hemophilia is the name of a group of hereditary diseases that affect the body's ability to control blood clotting. Hemophilia is caused by a lack of clotting factors in the blood. Clotting factors are normally released by platelets. Since people with hemophilia cannot produce clots, any cut can put a person at risk of bleeding to death. The risk of internal bleeding is also increased in hemophilia, especially into muscles and joints. This disease affected the royal families of Europe.
A: Ann
Problem: Given the question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. In which time global temperature would less likey be in equilibrium, time A or time B? David was visiting the natural history museum. He noticed two charts that showed the climatic conditions of the earth in two time periods, time A and time B. Time A showed earth's overall climate in the sixteenth century when there were less greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. And time B showed earth's overall climate in the present century with more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. David found some interesting differences between these two charts. Hint: Greenhouse Effect: The solar energy reaching the surface of the Earth is concentrated in short wavelengths, which can easily penetrate the greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane. The Earth, however, is cooler than the sun and it radiates its heat in the form of energy in the far infrared range. These longer wavelengths are partially absorbed by the greenhouse gases and some of the solar heat is returned to Earth. At a certain temperature these processes are in equilibrium and the surface temperature of the Earth is stable. However, if more greenhouse gases are put in the atmosphere the amount of trapped terrestrial radiation increases, leading to an increase in global temperature.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
time B
input question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which currency would most likely be exchanged in the black market, Pound Sterling or Yen? On March 2015 Japans economy soared. There was a likelihood that the Japanese yen would rise in value. In the wake of this event, Japanese Government adjusted the price of Japanese Currency Yen in accordance with the going market price. On the other hand, at he same time, UK was having economic downturn. There was a likelihood that the UK Currency Pound Sterling would go down. Fearing public backlash, UK Government kept the price of the Pound Sterling at the same level. Hint: Often, foreign exchange controls can result in the creation of black markets to exchange the weaker currency for stronger currencies. This leads to a situation where the exchange rate for the foreign currency is much higher than the rate set by the government, and therefore creates a shadow currency exchange market. As such, it is unclear whether governments have the ability to enact effective exchange controls.[1]???
output answer: Pound Sterling
Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which country causes more air pollution? The U.S. produces its energy using fossil fuels, while Germany uses nuclear power plants as their main energy source. The two countries impact the environment in different ways. Hint: In the U.S., the majority of electricity is produced by burning coal or other fossil fuels. This causes air pollution that harms the health of living things. The air pollution also causes acid rain and contributes to global warming. In addition, fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources, so if we keep using them, they will eventually run out. The main advantage of nuclear energy is that it doesn’t release air pollution or cause the other environmental problems associated with the burning of fossil fuels. On the other other hand, radioactive elements are nonrenewable like fossil fuels and could eventually be used up.
----
Answer: The U.S.
Q: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Which group had fewer people that had decreased stamina? Joe studied the lives of humans. He studied 2 groups of people. Group G had people over 65 in it, and group Y had people under 65 years old in it. Hint: Old age begins in the mid-60s and lasts until the end of life. Most people over 65 have retired from work, freeing up their time for hobbies, grandchildren, and other interests. Stamina, strength, reflex time, and the senses all decline during old age, and the number of brain cells decreases as well. The immune system becomes less efficient, increasing the risk of serious illnesses such as cancer and pneumonia. Diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease that cause loss of mental function also become more common.
A: group Y
[Q]: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Who experienced less direct sunlight in June, Ian or Ash? Ian traveled to the Southern Hemishpere last May and stayed there for 7 months. His mom Ash called him every day form the US, an they would chat about the weather the seasonal differences between the two hemispheres. Hint: During May, June, and July, the Northern Hemisphere is exposed to more direct sunlight because the hemisphere faces the Sun. The same is true of the Southern Hemisphere in November, December, and January. It is Earth's axial tilt that causes the Sun to be higher in the sky during the summer months, which increases the solar flux. However, due to seasonal lag, June, July, and August are the warmest months in the Northern Hemisphere while December, January, and February are the warmest months in the Southern Hemisphere.
****
[A]:
|
Ian
|
ropes_prompt_beginning
|
P3
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
validation
|
In this task, you are given a sentence in the Swedish language and a corresponding English translation of the Swedish sentence. Your task is to generate a label "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise generate label "No".
--------
Question: Swedish: Det innebär en fara för utvidgningen.
English: We therefore intend to monitor and to report regularly on all aspects of Hong Kong life and I can certainly confirm that this will include an annual formal report to the Council and to Parliament on all questions relevant to EU-Hong Kong relations, not least political and commercial matters, human rights and cooperation.
Answer: No
Question: Swedish: Anledningen till detta är mycket enkel: Under regeringskonferensen kommer man, i enlighet med överenskommelsen i Helsingfors, att ta ställning till vilka av de frågor som hittills har avgjorts med enhällighet som skall avgöras med kvalificerad majoritet.
English: I was promised that the matter would be cleared up by this sitting.
Answer: No
Question: Swedish: Ni vet också hur svårt det är i dag att bevara djurarter och hur svårt det är att bevara naturområden.
English: In relation to this, you are no doubt also aware how difficult it is nowadays to preserve natural species as well as natural spaces.
Answer:
|
Yes
|
task314_europarl_sv_en_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
In this task, you are given a sentence in the Swedish language and a corresponding English translation of the Swedish sentence. Your task is to generate a label "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise generate label "No".
Example: Swedish: Jag förklarar debatten avslutad.
English: The debate is closed.
Example solution: Yes
Example explanation: Swedish sentence is properly converted into English sentence.
Problem: Swedish: Jag vill upprepa mitt tack till alla som har talat, i synnerhet till vice ordförande Provan, för hans föredömliga agerande under denna debatt, framför allt under förlikningsprocessen, till ordföranden i utskottet för industrifrågor, utrikeshandel, forskning och energi, och även till föredragande Ahern, samt till alla de ledamöter som har deltagit i arbetet.
English: Commissioner Byrne, your proposal, if implemented, could remove hundreds of vitamin and mineral supplements from our shelves, in the UK and Ireland in particular.
|
Solution: No
|
task314_europarl_sv_en_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
In this task, you are given a sentence in the Swedish language and a corresponding English translation of the Swedish sentence. Your task is to generate a label "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise generate label "No".
Input: Consider Input: Swedish: Vad gäller det kan vi inte godta att rådets ståndpunkt vad gäller datum för ikraftträdande skulle försvagas.
English: Probably some of you, distinguished Members, would like the country to leave the eurozone, or perhaps your country is not in the eurozone and we respect that, but Greece is very committed to the European project.
Output: No
Input: Consider Input: Swedish: Den ståndpunkt som nu har intagits är en strävan att skapa snabbare och billigare former för tillämpningen av konkurrenspolitiken, genom att EG-rätten tillämpas av de nationella domstolarna och inte av EG-domstolen, och även en inriktning mot specialdomstolar.
English: The position that has now been adopted aims to create more rapid ways of applying competition policy, moving towards applying Community law in national courts rather than at the European Court of Justice, and even aims at having specialised courts.
Output: Yes
Input: Consider Input: Swedish: Vad beträffar unionens inspektörer, anser jag att subsidaritetsprincipen motiverar att man godkänner att medlemsstaterna utför dessa inspektioner, vilket inte hindrar att kommissionen kontrollerar att staterna utför sin uppgift på rätt sätt.
English: With regard to the question of Union inspectors, I believe that the principle of subsidiarity justifies the idea that these inspections be carried out by the Member States, which does not mean that the Commission does not have to ensure that the States carry out their duty adequately.
|
Output: Yes
|
task314_europarl_sv_en_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
In this task, you are given a sentence in the Swedish language and a corresponding English translation of the Swedish sentence. Your task is to generate a label "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise generate label "No".
Input: Consider Input: Swedish: Vi vill verka för en bättre tillämpning av denna lagstiftning och ge konsumenterna större öppenhet.
English: We want to promote better enforcement of that legislation and to provide greater transparency to consumers.
Output: Yes
Input: Consider Input: Swedish: Uppföljning är viktig och den ger medlemsstaterna, liksom Förenta nationerna och kommissionen, någonting att tänka på när den handlar om militära hemligheter och deras konsekvenser för miljön.
English: It is important to follow up and it gives the Member States, as well as the United Nations and the Commission, something to think about when it is a matter concerning military secrets and their effects on the environment.
Output: Yes
Input: Consider Input: Swedish: Jag vill naturligtvis också säga att jag även i fortsättningen stöder de av detta utskott framlagda ändringarna, som antogs enhälligt i utskottet.
English: Parliament and the Council - and the Union in general - have something to be quite proud of with the role that money has played.
|
Output: No
|
task314_europarl_sv_en_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a sentence in the Swedish language and a corresponding English translation of the Swedish sentence. Your task is to generate a label "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise generate label "No".
PROBLEM: Swedish: Karl von Wogau förordar detta på ett mycket bra sätt i sitt betänkande.
English: In his report, Karl von Wogau manages to capture this very well.
SOLUTION: Yes
PROBLEM: Swedish: Tror ni att konsumenternas krav på miljövänliga bilar och bränslesnålare bilar kommer att minska i framtiden?
English: I would like to see the Commission and Parliament keeping up the pressure on Member States to ratify and implement.
SOLUTION: No
PROBLEM: Swedish: Jag överlämnar ordet till Verheugen som företrädare för kommissionen.
English: Mr Verheugen has the floor on behalf of the Commission.
SOLUTION:
|
Yes
|
task314_europarl_sv_en_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a sentence in the Swedish language and a corresponding English translation of the Swedish sentence. Your task is to generate a label "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise generate label "No".
Part 2. Example
Swedish: Jag förklarar debatten avslutad.
English: The debate is closed.
Answer: Yes
Explanation: Swedish sentence is properly converted into English sentence.
Part 3. Exercise
Swedish: Kanske är detta också anledningen till, som man hör sägas, att förhandlingarna har hakat upp sig även i rådet.
English: What is at stake, among other things, is compliance with EU law as it stands; there is a directive that lays down quality and safety standards for the collection, processing and distribution of human blood, and we must insist on all Member States transposing it in full, not least for the protection of their own inhabitants.
Answer:
|
No
|
task314_europarl_sv_en_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
Teacher:In this task, you are given a sentence in the Swedish language and a corresponding English translation of the Swedish sentence. Your task is to generate a label "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise generate label "No".
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Swedish: I första gruppen finns den oro som vissa av oss har gett uttryck för, och då i synnerhet Randzio-Plath, ordförande i utskottet för ekonomi och valutafrågor, en oro för att detta nya system som ett rättsligt undantag inte skall överensstämma med fördraget.
English: Firstly, there is the concern that some have expressed, in particular Mrs Randzio-Plath, President of the Committee on Economic Affairs, of whether this new system of legal exception is absolutely compatible with the Treaty.
Student:
|
Yes
|
task314_europarl_sv_en_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
In this task, you are given a sentence in the Swedish language and a corresponding English translation of the Swedish sentence. Your task is to generate a label "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise generate label "No".
[Q]: Swedish: Protokollet från föregående sammanträde har delats ut.
English: The Minutes of yesterday' s sitting have been distributed.
[A]: Yes
[Q]: Swedish: Detta är en riktig miljökatastrof.
English: What we have here is an ecological disaster.
[A]: Yes
[Q]: Swedish: I en tidsålder av strategier rörande allianser och millenniefusioner - 1998 utbetalades 2 400 miljarder USD för övertaganden - vet vi att en konkurrensskadlig praxis stävjas inte bara med hjälp av våra egna bestämmelser, utan också via bilateralt samarbete med USA eller Japan eller andra, så länge det fortfarande inte finns någon internationell konkurrensrätt, som absolut borde finnas!
English: We are aware that in this age of strategic alliances and millennium mergers - in 1998 USD 2 400 billion was paid out in connection with take-overs - restrictive practices are being held in check, not just by our own rules but also by bilateral cooperation with the USA or Japan, or others, until we get the international competition law we so badly need.
[A]:
|
Yes
|
task314_europarl_sv_en_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Definition: In this task, you are given a sentence in the Swedish language and a corresponding English translation of the Swedish sentence. Your task is to generate a label "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise generate label "No".
Input: Swedish: Herr talman! Denna fråga är viktig och brådskande och parlamentet, som ombetts av kommissionen att snabbt uttala sig, gör det också, för man skall veta att i dag dör män och kvinnor i Kosovo, helt enkelt för att det är 25 grader kallt, att dessa människor utför ett enormt arbete för att garantera ett minimum av underhåll och att de inte får betalt.
English: I also want to thank you for your clarifications; I hope that Mrs Merkel and Mr Glos take the same view, for it has not been clear from the press over the last few days that they do.
Output:
|
No
|
task314_europarl_sv_en_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
test
|
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a sentence in the Swedish language and a corresponding English translation of the Swedish sentence. Your task is to generate a label "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise generate label "No".
Part 2. Example
Swedish: Jag förklarar debatten avslutad.
English: The debate is closed.
Answer: Yes
Explanation: Swedish sentence is properly converted into English sentence.
Part 3. Exercise
Swedish: Enligt de protokoll som finns i fördragen behåller Förenade kungariket sin egen gränskontroll.
English: From this point of view, I find and consider unacceptable the siren voices heard in today's debate about the GDP as the number one and exclusive indicator and measure of eligibility for regional development support.
Answer:
|
No
|
task314_europarl_sv_en_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
validation
|
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