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Teacher: You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Spanish.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Qui c'è la medusa mortale con le ali ad X.
Solution: Aquí esta la medusa ala-x de la muerte.
Reason: The Italian sentence is correctly translated into Spanish, because the meaning is preserved.
Now, solve this instance: Come abbiamo visto qui, ci stiamo trasformando in cyborg.
Student:
|
Como hemos visto aquí, nos estamos transformando en ciborgs.
|
task1249_ted_translation_it_es
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Spanish.
Q: (Risate) Voglio dire, ve lo immaginate? E.T. telefona a casa, e io non sono lì? Terribile!
A:
|
(Risas) ¿Pueden imaginárselo? E.T. llamando a casa, ¿y no estoy? ¡Horrible!
|
task1249_ted_translation_it_es
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Spanish.
In primo luogo, non sappiamo come comportarci con le voci.
|
Primero: no sabemos cómo lidiar con los rumores.
|
task1249_ted_translation_it_es
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Spanish.
[Q]: Viene imitata in molti posti proprio mentre parliamo.
[A]: Mientras hablamos, la están imitando en muchos sitios.
[Q]: Cosa voglio dire con questo?
[A]: ¿Qué quiero decir con eso?
[Q]: Quanto vicino o lontano ci si sente nei confronti di Nativi Americani, o militari, o il Partito Repubblicano, il Partito Democratico, qualunque tipo di gruppo della vita americana.
[A]:
|
Así que, qué tan cálido o frío se sienten sobre, ya saben, nativos estadounidenses, o los militares, el Partido Republicano, el Partido Demócrata, todo tipo de grupos en la vida de los EEUU.
|
task1249_ted_translation_it_es
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Spanish.
Ex Input:
Le domande possono essere finestre di grande istruzione, ma non il contrario.
Ex Output:
Las preguntas pueden ser las fuentes de una gran instrucción pero no a la inversa.
Ex Input:
Siamo passati dal possesso tradizionale dell'auto alle compagnie di auto a noleggio (come Zipcar e GoGet) alle piattaforme di condivisione che organizzano le corse fino all'ultima novità del noleggio peer-to-peer dove puoi guadagnare soldi noleggiando quell'auto che sta ferma 23 ore al giorno al tuo vicino di casa.
Ex Output:
Pasamos de la propiedad de coches tradicional a empresas que los hacen compartir, como Zipcar y GoGet, para montar plataformas de intercambio que coinciden con nuevas entradas, como el alquiler de coches de igual a igual, donde puede hacerse dinero alquilando al vecino el coche que está sin usar 23 horas al día.
Ex Input:
Si scoprì in seguito che sapeva leggere perfettamente e pure bene. Insomma, per lui era importante...
Ex Output:
|
Se descubrió que el niño leía maravillosamente, y era muy competente. Así que de hecho significaba algo.
|
task1249_ted_translation_it_es
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Spanish.
Ma la domanda è: il perdono e la redenzione sostituiscono la giustizia?
Pero la pregunta es, ¿el perdón y la redención pueden reemplazar a la justicia?
Io non sapevo nemmeno che ci fossero foreste pluviali a est, ma nel Parco Nazionale delle Great Smoky Mountains può piovere fino a 2500 mm all'anno.
Ni siquiera sabía que había selva en el este, pero en el parque nacional Great Smoky Mountains puede llover sobre 2,5 metros al año.
Esso genera una forza pari a quella che avrebbe un foglio di carta sulla vostra mano, delicatissima, ma che continua per mesi, per anni, fornendo una spinta molto leggera.
|
Genera una fuerza como el peso de una hoja de papel en la mano, increíblemente leve, pero que puede durar meses o años produciendo ese pequeño empuje.
|
task1249_ted_translation_it_es
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
Instructions: You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Spanish.
Input: Usiamo il termine in ingegneria e neuroscieza con il significato di rumore casuale che altera il segnale.
Output:
|
Nosotros lo utilizamos en ingeniería y neurociencia, en el sentido de aquel ruido aleatorio que altera una señal.
|
task1249_ted_translation_it_es
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Spanish.
Q: La macchina è un luogo a sé.
A:
|
El automóvil es un ambiente completo.
|
task1249_ted_translation_it_es
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
Part 1. Definition
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Spanish.
Part 2. Example
Qui c'è la medusa mortale con le ali ad X.
Answer: Aquí esta la medusa ala-x de la muerte.
Explanation: The Italian sentence is correctly translated into Spanish, because the meaning is preserved.
Part 3. Exercise
Nello specifico due cose che ho imparato su me stessa che più di tutte non volevo dimenticare era quanto sentivo importante continuare a esplorare e, nello stesso tempo, quanto importante sia non perdere di mira i propri obiettivi.
Answer:
|
Concretamente, las dos cosas que aprendí de mí y que no quería olvidar para nada, eran qué importante es seguir explorando, y al mismo tiempo, qué importante es seguir atentos a nuestro verdadero norte.
|
task1249_ted_translation_it_es
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
test
|
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Spanish.
Q: Risulta affidabile per il 99 percento dei casi.
A:
|
Acierta el 99% de las veces.
|
task1249_ted_translation_it_es
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
validation
|
You are given a question. You need to detect which category better describes the question. A question belongs to the description category if it asks about description and abstract concepts. Entity questions are about entities such as animals, colors, sports, etc. Abbreviation questions ask about abbreviations and expressions abbreviated. Questions regarding human beings, description of a person, and a group or organization of persons are categorized as Human. Quantity questions are asking about numeric values and Location questions ask about locations, cities, and countries. Answer with "Description", "Entity", "Abbreviation", "Person", "Quantity", and "Location".
--------
Question: Who sings Angel Eyes from the 80 's ?
Answer: Person
Question: In the song `` Yankee Doodle , '' why did Yankee Doodle stick a feather in his cap and call it macaroni ?
Answer: Description
Question: What nationality is Ileana Cotrubas ?
Answer:
|
Location
|
task1289_trec_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
You are given a question. You need to detect which category better describes the question. A question belongs to the description category if it asks about description and abstract concepts. Entity questions are about entities such as animals, colors, sports, etc. Abbreviation questions ask about abbreviations and expressions abbreviated. Questions regarding human beings, description of a person, and a group or organization of persons are categorized as Human. Quantity questions are asking about numeric values and Location questions ask about locations, cities, and countries. Answer with "Description", "Entity", "Abbreviation", "Person", "Quantity", and "Location".
One example: What's the most common name in nursery rhymes ?
Solution is here: Person
Explanation: This question is about people's names. So, the output should be "Person".
Now, solve this: When the Tutankhamun exhibit was on display in the U.S. , what moving company transported it ?
Solution:
|
Person
|
task1289_trec_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: You are given a question. You need to detect which category better describes the question. A question belongs to the description category if it asks about description and abstract concepts. Entity questions are about entities such as animals, colors, sports, etc. Abbreviation questions ask about abbreviations and expressions abbreviated. Questions regarding human beings, description of a person, and a group or organization of persons are categorized as Human. Quantity questions are asking about numeric values and Location questions ask about locations, cities, and countries. Answer with "Description", "Entity", "Abbreviation", "Person", "Quantity", and "Location".
Q: What Jewish holiday saw the start of the 1973 Mideast War ?
A:
|
Entity
|
task1289_trec_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
Q: You are given a question. You need to detect which category better describes the question. A question belongs to the description category if it asks about description and abstract concepts. Entity questions are about entities such as animals, colors, sports, etc. Abbreviation questions ask about abbreviations and expressions abbreviated. Questions regarding human beings, description of a person, and a group or organization of persons are categorized as Human. Quantity questions are asking about numeric values and Location questions ask about locations, cities, and countries. Answer with "Description", "Entity", "Abbreviation", "Person", "Quantity", and "Location".
What are the factors leading to the high teen pregnancy rate in Spartanburg , South Carolina ?
A:
|
Description
|
task1289_trec_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: You are given a question. You need to detect which category better describes the question. A question belongs to the description category if it asks about description and abstract concepts. Entity questions are about entities such as animals, colors, sports, etc. Abbreviation questions ask about abbreviations and expressions abbreviated. Questions regarding human beings, description of a person, and a group or organization of persons are categorized as Human. Quantity questions are asking about numeric values and Location questions ask about locations, cities, and countries. Answer with "Description", "Entity", "Abbreviation", "Person", "Quantity", and "Location".
See one example below:
Problem: What's the most common name in nursery rhymes ?
Solution: Person
Explanation: This question is about people's names. So, the output should be "Person".
Problem: Why do movie and TV stars get paid so much ?
Solution:
|
Description
|
task1289_trec_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
Instructions: You are given a question. You need to detect which category better describes the question. A question belongs to the description category if it asks about description and abstract concepts. Entity questions are about entities such as animals, colors, sports, etc. Abbreviation questions ask about abbreviations and expressions abbreviated. Questions regarding human beings, description of a person, and a group or organization of persons are categorized as Human. Quantity questions are asking about numeric values and Location questions ask about locations, cities, and countries. Answer with "Description", "Entity", "Abbreviation", "Person", "Quantity", and "Location".
Input: What chocolate company gives you a one-pound kiss ?
Output:
|
Person
|
task1289_trec_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
You are given a question. You need to detect which category better describes the question. A question belongs to the description category if it asks about description and abstract concepts. Entity questions are about entities such as animals, colors, sports, etc. Abbreviation questions ask about abbreviations and expressions abbreviated. Questions regarding human beings, description of a person, and a group or organization of persons are categorized as Human. Quantity questions are asking about numeric values and Location questions ask about locations, cities, and countries. Answer with "Description", "Entity", "Abbreviation", "Person", "Quantity", and "Location".
Who followed Willy Brandt as chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany ?
|
Person
|
task1289_trec_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
You are given a question. You need to detect which category better describes the question. A question belongs to the description category if it asks about description and abstract concepts. Entity questions are about entities such as animals, colors, sports, etc. Abbreviation questions ask about abbreviations and expressions abbreviated. Questions regarding human beings, description of a person, and a group or organization of persons are categorized as Human. Quantity questions are asking about numeric values and Location questions ask about locations, cities, and countries. Answer with "Description", "Entity", "Abbreviation", "Person", "Quantity", and "Location".
What was the name of the 1899 policy forced on China by which all nations had equal trading rights ?
|
Entity
|
task1289_trec_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
You are given a question. You need to detect which category better describes the question. A question belongs to the description category if it asks about description and abstract concepts. Entity questions are about entities such as animals, colors, sports, etc. Abbreviation questions ask about abbreviations and expressions abbreviated. Questions regarding human beings, description of a person, and a group or organization of persons are categorized as Human. Quantity questions are asking about numeric values and Location questions ask about locations, cities, and countries. Answer with "Description", "Entity", "Abbreviation", "Person", "Quantity", and "Location".
Q: What Stephen King novel is set in a graveyard for pets ?
A:
|
Entity
|
task1289_trec_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
test
|
TASK DEFINITION: You are given a question. You need to detect which category better describes the question. A question belongs to the description category if it asks about description and abstract concepts. Entity questions are about entities such as animals, colors, sports, etc. Abbreviation questions ask about abbreviations and expressions abbreviated. Questions regarding human beings, description of a person, and a group or organization of persons are categorized as Human. Quantity questions are asking about numeric values and Location questions ask about locations, cities, and countries. Answer with "Description", "Entity", "Abbreviation", "Person", "Quantity", and "Location".
PROBLEM: What is the abbreviation of General Motors ?
SOLUTION: Abbreviation
PROBLEM: Where did Victor Hugo spend his exile ?
SOLUTION: Location
PROBLEM: Who is the president of the Spanish government ?
SOLUTION:
|
Person
|
task1289_trec_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 8
|
validation
|
In this task, you are given a sentence in English and your task is to translate it into Spanish. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name).
Example input: I declare resumed the session of the European Parliament adjourned on Friday 17 December 1999, and I would like once again to wish you a happy new year in the hope that you enjoyed a pleasant festive period.
Example output: Declaro reanudado el período de sesiones del Parlamento Europeo, interrumpido el viernes 17 de diciembre pasado, y reitero a Sus Señorías mi deseo de que hayan tenido unas buenas vacaciones.
Example explanation: This English sentence is properly translated into Spanish because the Spanish sentence also talks about resuming the session from the European parliament which was adjourned and wishing a happy new year.
Q: We shall proceed to vote on the PPE-DE Group' s request that the oral question regarding the capital tax be withdrawn from the agenda.
A:
|
Se vota la propuesta del Grupo PPE-DE para retirar del orden del día la pregunta oral referida al impuesto sobre el capital.
|
task530_europarl_en_es_translation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
In this task, you are given a sentence in English and your task is to translate it into Spanish. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name).
Input: Consider Input: Public opinion, although indifferent to 20 million unemployed and thousands of mad cows, is now supposed to be worried about the fraud endangering financial interests and these two reasons are supposed to justify a twofold solution: a European criminal code with crimes against the Community and a European Prosecutor-General.
Output: A la opinión pública, que permaneciera indiferente ante veinte millones de parados y ante las miles de vacas locas, le preocupa al parecer el fraude que podría poner en peligro los intereses financieros, y estos dos motivos justificarían un doble dispositivo: un código penal europeo que recoja los delitos anticomunitarios y un fiscal general europeo.
Input: Consider Input: We are badly behind now in this matter.
Output: Ahora nos encontramos seriamente retrasados en esta cuestión.
Input: Consider Input: It has to be close to the Commission because of the need for interaction between the scientists involved in the Food Safety Authority and those of us who are involved in the initiation of legislation.
|
Output: Debe estar cerca de la Comisión por la necesidad de interacción entre los científicos que participen en él y quienes participan en la presentación de legislación.
|
task530_europarl_en_es_translation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence in English and your task is to translate it into Spanish. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name).
Input: The next item is the report (A5-0009/2000) by Mr Graça Moura, on behalf of the European Parliament delegation to the Conciliation Committee, on the joint text approved by the Conciliation Committee for a European Parliament and Council decision establishing a single financing and programming instrument for cultural cooperation ('Culture 2000') (C5-0327/1999 - 1998/0169(COD)).
Output:
|
De conformidad con el orden del día, se procede al informe del debate (A5-0009/2000) del Sr. Graça Moura, en nombre de la delegación del Parlamento en el Comité de Conciliación, sobre el texto conjunto, aprobado por el Comité de Conciliación, de la decisión del Parlamento Europeo y el Consejo (C5-0327/1999 - 1998/0169(COD)) por la que se establece un único instrumento de financiación y de programación en favor de la cooperación cultural (Programa "Cultura 2000" )
|
task530_europarl_en_es_translation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence in English and your task is to translate it into Spanish. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name).
Q: Too many young, new officials are leaving their jobs after just a few years.
A:
|
Demasiados funcionarios jóvenes abandonan sus trabajos apenas después de unos pocos años.
|
task530_europarl_en_es_translation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you are given a sentence in English and your task is to translate it into Spanish. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name).
Example: I declare resumed the session of the European Parliament adjourned on Friday 17 December 1999, and I would like once again to wish you a happy new year in the hope that you enjoyed a pleasant festive period.
Output: Declaro reanudado el período de sesiones del Parlamento Europeo, interrumpido el viernes 17 de diciembre pasado, y reitero a Sus Señorías mi deseo de que hayan tenido unas buenas vacaciones.
This English sentence is properly translated into Spanish because the Spanish sentence also talks about resuming the session from the European parliament which was adjourned and wishing a happy new year.
New input case for you: We need the Member States and the citizens in the Member States to be properly informed.
Output:
|
Es necesario que los Estados miembros y los ciudadanos de los Estados miembros estén informados adecuadamente.
|
task530_europarl_en_es_translation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
In this task, you are given a sentence in English and your task is to translate it into Spanish. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name).
Example input: I declare resumed the session of the European Parliament adjourned on Friday 17 December 1999, and I would like once again to wish you a happy new year in the hope that you enjoyed a pleasant festive period.
Example output: Declaro reanudado el período de sesiones del Parlamento Europeo, interrumpido el viernes 17 de diciembre pasado, y reitero a Sus Señorías mi deseo de que hayan tenido unas buenas vacaciones.
Example explanation: This English sentence is properly translated into Spanish because the Spanish sentence also talks about resuming the session from the European parliament which was adjourned and wishing a happy new year.
Q: It is not something which more senior officials can deem appropriate for their juniors but think that they are too grown-up or too senior to receive themselves.
A:
|
No es algo que los funcionarios que tengan un cargo más alto puedan considerar adecuado para sus subalternos y pensar que ellos son demasiado mayores o tienen demasiada antigüedad para recibirlo ellos mismos.
|
task530_europarl_en_es_translation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
Definition: In this task, you are given a sentence in English and your task is to translate it into Spanish. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name).
Input: This is necessary if legal inequality is to be prevented, and issues of competition will gravitate towards the court where the most lenient judgements are given.
Output:
|
Eso es necesario para evitar una desigualdad jurídica y que se produzca un flujo de expedientes en materia de competencia al tribunal donde se falle de forma más indulgente.
|
task530_europarl_en_es_translation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
In this task, you are given a sentence in English and your task is to translate it into Spanish. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name).
Q: Where is the sense of crisis which generations before us had?
A:
|
¿Dónde está esa conciencia de crisis que tenían las generaciones que nos precedieron?
|
task530_europarl_en_es_translation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a sentence in English and your task is to translate it into Spanish. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name).
Part 2. Example
I declare resumed the session of the European Parliament adjourned on Friday 17 December 1999, and I would like once again to wish you a happy new year in the hope that you enjoyed a pleasant festive period.
Answer: Declaro reanudado el período de sesiones del Parlamento Europeo, interrumpido el viernes 17 de diciembre pasado, y reitero a Sus Señorías mi deseo de que hayan tenido unas buenas vacaciones.
Explanation: This English sentence is properly translated into Spanish because the Spanish sentence also talks about resuming the session from the European parliament which was adjourned and wishing a happy new year.
Part 3. Exercise
Such is life.
Answer:
|
Así es la vida.
|
task530_europarl_en_es_translation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
test
|
In this task, you are given a sentence in English and your task is to translate it into Spanish. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name).
Let me give you an example: I declare resumed the session of the European Parliament adjourned on Friday 17 December 1999, and I would like once again to wish you a happy new year in the hope that you enjoyed a pleasant festive period.
The answer to this example can be: Declaro reanudado el período de sesiones del Parlamento Europeo, interrumpido el viernes 17 de diciembre pasado, y reitero a Sus Señorías mi deseo de que hayan tenido unas buenas vacaciones.
Here is why: This English sentence is properly translated into Spanish because the Spanish sentence also talks about resuming the session from the European parliament which was adjourned and wishing a happy new year.
OK. solve this:
As the author is not present, Question No 32 lapses.
Answer:
|
Dado que su autor no está presente, la pregunta nº 32 decae.
|
task530_europarl_en_es_translation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 8
|
validation
|
In this task, you will be presented with a text and a pronoun. You should write the name that the pronoun refers to. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s.
--------
Question: However he noted that the night's encore ``(brought) the night to a satisfying conclusion for most young fans.'' Marissa Calligeros from The Sydney Morning Herald echoed previous comments, commending Gaga for ``outshin(ing) and outclass(ing) the factory-made act of the headliners.'' _She_ went to describe the Pussycat Dolls as ``a teen dance troupe leading an amateur high school musical production,'' noting throughout show the audience largely stood motionless, due to the heavy bass. <sep>, Pronoun: She
Answer: Marissa Calligeros
Question: But as the day wears on signs and premonitions of Odysseus'' return grow more ominous and they formulate a plan to work together in order that one of them may succeed in winning Penelope, thus saving the others from Odysseus'' revenge. In a final sequence Quinn performs a quick-change cabaret routine to the music of ``Spanish Flea'' and ``A Taste of Honey'' by Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass as the others aid _his_ performance. <sep>, Pronoun: his
Answer: Quinn
Question: He retired as Lord Lieutenant on 12 September 2014. He became an Hon. Doctor of the University of York in 2015. The Freedom of the City of York was conferred in April 2015. From 1970, he was married to Sylvia Mary Montgomery, a daughter of actress Jane Baxter. _She_ died of cancer in 2009. <sep>, Pronoun: She
Answer:
|
Sylvia Mary Montgomery
|
task330_gap_answer_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
In this task, you will be presented with a text and a pronoun. You should write the name that the pronoun refers to. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s.
--------
Question: Vocalist Andrea Ferro and bassist/composer Marco Coti Zelati formed Sleep of Right in Milan, Italy, 1994, and recruited Raffaele Zagaria on guitars, and Michaelangelo Algardi on the drums. After recording a song titled ``Bleeding Souls'' for the Noise of Bolgia compilation in 1995, Claudio Leo became the band's second guitarist, and Leonardo Forti replaced Michaelangelo on the drums after _his_ departure. <sep>, Pronoun: his
Answer: Michaelangelo
Question: Mania.com's Julie Rosato comments the manga for its ``juxtaposition of the themes of the TV show and the actions of the people who play the characters, because it's trying to ask us to determine what makes a hero and what a villain '' and just who is which when the cameras stop rolling``. Coolstreak Comics' Leroy Douresseaux comments on the author's artwork, saying ''she's also able to draw skinny, pretty boys (with long, wavy hair) that honestly look masculine, even Masaki Minami when _he_s getting (essentially) raped! <sep>, Pronoun: he
Answer: Masaki Minami
Question: Hurley refuses, and David ends up taking Sayid to Jack, who is successful in reviving him. At home, Hurley confesses to his mother Carmen that the Oceanic Six have been lying; she believes him, though doesn't understand his disjointed story. Later, Ben unexpectedly shows up at the house and tries to convince Hurley to go with _him_ to meet up with the rest of the Oceanic Six, saying they all want the same thing--to go back to the island. <sep>, Pronoun: him
Answer:
|
Ben
|
task330_gap_answer_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
Teacher:In this task, you will be presented with a text and a pronoun. You should write the name that the pronoun refers to. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Jim Farber from Entertainment Weekly commented that ''Burning Up`` proved that Madonna could rock also. Sire Records commissioned a music video for the song to be directed by Steve Barron. Madonna's friend Debi Mazar was hired as the make-up artist for the video while Maripol was the stylist with Madonna's then boyfriend Ken Compton appearing as _her_ onscreen lover. <sep>, Pronoun: her
Student:
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Madonna
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task330_gap_answer_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
Definition: In this task, you will be presented with a text and a pronoun. You should write the name that the pronoun refers to. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s.
Input: Other women poets include Mary Alcock (c. 1742-1798) and Mary Robinson (1758-1800) both of whom ``highlighted the enormous discrepancy between life for the rich and the poor'', and Felicia Hemans (1793-1835) author of nineteen individual books during _her_ lifetime, and who continued to republished widely after her death in 1835. <sep>, Pronoun: her
Output:
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Felicia Hemans
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task330_gap_answer_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
In this task, you will be presented with a text and a pronoun. You should write the name that the pronoun refers to. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s.
Let me give you an example: He grew up in Evanston, Illinois the second oldest of five children including his brothers, Fred and Gordon and sisters, Marge (Peppy) and Marilyn. His high school days were spent at New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois. MacKenzie studied with Bernard Leach from 1949 to 1952. _His_ simple, wheel-thrown functional pottery is heavily influenced by the oriental aesthetic of Shoji Hamada and Kanjiro Kawai. <sep>, Pronoun: His
The answer to this example can be: MacKenzie
Here is why: Based on the text, his refers to MacKenzie.
OK. solve this:
The 2008-09 Canada West Rookie of the Year, and first star of the game, Stephanie Ramsay, scored the first goal of the game. She received the feed from sophomore forward Sarah Hilworth (the game's third star) at the 7:16 mark of the first. Having five assists through _her_ first six games, Tamara Pickford scored 30 seconds into the second period. <sep>, Pronoun: her
Answer:
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Tamara Pickford
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task330_gap_answer_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
Definition: In this task, you will be presented with a text and a pronoun. You should write the name that the pronoun refers to. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s.
Input: Latin under Professor Lamb, botany under Professor Tate, and Physiology under Professor Stirling. In 1879 she was seconded to the about-to-be-opened Advanced School for Girls in Franklin Street as deputy to Jane Stanes. Stanes retired at the end of 1880, and Edith was appointed _her_ successor, though a Government regulation, stipulating that a head of a school must be aged 25, had to be waived by the Minister of Education J. Langdon Parsons. <sep>, Pronoun: her
Output:
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Stanes
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task330_gap_answer_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a text and a pronoun. You should write the name that the pronoun refers to. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s.
Input: The concept of Mary's vow of virginity had already appeared in the Protoevangelium (4:1) which asserted that Mary's mother, Anne, gave Mary as a ``virgin of the Lord'' in service in the Temple, and that Joseph, a widower, was to serve as _her_ guardian (legal protections for women depended on their having a male protector: father, brother, or, failing that, a husband). <sep>, Pronoun: her
Output:
|
Mary
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task330_gap_answer_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
In this task, you will be presented with a text and a pronoun. You should write the name that the pronoun refers to. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s.
[Q]: When Mashiro was feeling depressed due to Takumi's words, Chie suggested to Aoi to bring in Arika to cheer her up which works and pulls both out of their depression. Chie was also aware that Tomoe Marguerite was involved in numerous plots to take out Arika Yumemiya but rather than report Tomoe _she_ orders her to stop it. <sep>, Pronoun: she
[A]: Chie
[Q]: Bahrain's citizenship law allows for the cabinet to revoke the citizenship of anyone who ``causes harm to the interests of the kingdom or behaves in a way inimical with the duty of loyalty to it''. The Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei, said in a speech carried by state media, ``This is blatant foolishness and insanity. When _he_still could address the Bahraini people, Sheikh Isa Qassim would advise against radical and armed actions'' and ``Attacking Sheikh Isa Qassim means removing all obstacles blocking heroic Bahraini youths from attacking the regime''. <sep>, Pronoun: he
[A]: Sheikh Isa Qassim
[Q]: By the time the new councilmembers were sworn in, the Robles majority on the City Council had completely depleted the eight million dollars in the city's reserve. According to the Los Angeles Times, Albert Robles was indicted ``on 39 counts of money laundering, bribery, wire fraud and public corruption. '' Prosecutors argued that ``he used _his_ elected office and political influence to funnel money from city projects to family and friends between 1998 and 2003.`` De La Torre testified in the trial against the former city treasurer. Robles was sentenced to 10 years in federal prison. <sep>, Pronoun: his
[A]:
|
Robles
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task330_gap_answer_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
In this task, you will be presented with a text and a pronoun. You should write the name that the pronoun refers to. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s.
Ex Input:
During Eisenhower's presidency, the National Liberal League questioned the appointment of William Brennan to the Supreme Court. In the 1960s, James Hervey Johnson is reported to have assumed the leadership of the National Liberal League of that era. Current era records suggest that Johnson relocated operations in _his_ era of the 1947-founded organization to California, that the organization renamed itself in 1966 to the ``National League For The Separation Of Church And State'', and that subsequent to Johnson's death an organization of that name continued in New York, with leadership passing to Fred Edwords. <sep>, Pronoun: his
Ex Output:
Johnson
Ex Input:
Heir of both the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Kingdom of Hungary, he remained under the tutelage of his Leopoldian cousin Frederick V, who in 1440 had been elected King of the Romans upon Albert's death. Ladislaus' claims to Hungary were acknowledged after King W*adys*aw had been killed in the 1444 Battle of Varna, however, _he_became the real ruler only after the death of regent John Hunyadi in 1456. <sep>, Pronoun: he
Ex Output:
Ladislaus
Ex Input:
Oxana Guseva is a Paralympic swimmer from Russia competing mainly in category S7 events. Oxana competed in both the 2004 and 2008 Summer Paralympics winning a solitary silver medal. It was in 2004 _she_ won that medal in the 400m freestyle behind Australia's Chantel Wolfenden who swam a new games record, she also finished sixth in the 100m freestyle, eighth in the 50m butterfly, fourth in the 200m individual medley but failed to make the final of the 100m freestyle and was part of the Russian team that finished fourth in the 4 * 100 m medley just 0.12 seconds behind the bronze medal winning Australian team. <sep>, Pronoun: she
Ex Output:
|
Chantel Wolfenden
|
task330_gap_answer_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 1
|
test
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a text and a pronoun. You should write the name that the pronoun refers to. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s.
Problem:Alf also has a relationship with Mrs Lipton through the series, although it is revealed he did this just to borrow money from her. James Twelvetrees (Jeffrey Holland) Footman -- James Twelvetrees is the pompous Footman; the complete opposite of Alf Stokes -- stern, upright and honest. _His_ act of helping Alf carry the injured Honourable Teddy to the field hospital during the war also secured him his job in the Meldrum household, although he would never admit this to the other servants. <sep>, Pronoun: His
Solution:
|
Footman
|
task330_gap_answer_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
validation
|
Given a sentence in the Lao, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is.
ລາວເວົ້າວ່າແຕ່ວ່າບຸກຄະລິກ "ໄດ້ມີຊີວິດຢູ່ເທິງເວທີ ມີຊີວິດໃນໂລກແຫ່ງຈິນຕະນາການ."
|
しかし、キャラクター達は、「ステージで生き、またファンタジーの世界で生きている」と、彼は語った。
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task1125_alt_lo_ja_translation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given a sentence in the Lao, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is.
ສູນຂ່າວຊີເອັນເອັນໃນກາງເມືອງແອດລັນຕາ ແມ່ນໄດ້ຮັບຜົນກະທົບຢ່າງໜັກ ໂດຍສະເພາະຫ້ອງໂຖງ ທີ່ມີເພດານຖືກທໍາລາຍ ເຊິ່ງມີນໍ້າໄຫລເຂົ້າ.
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アトランタ中心部のCNNセンターは、特に破壊された天井からの浸水により吹き抜け部分に深刻な被害を受けた。
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task1125_alt_lo_ja_translation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: Given a sentence in the Lao, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is.
See one example below:
Problem: ອິຕາລີໄດ້ເສຍໃຫ້ປ໊ອກຕຸຍການ 31 ຕໍ່ 5 ໃນພູລ C ຂອງ ການແຂ່ງຂັນຣັກບີ້ລະດັບໂລກປີ 2007 ທີ່ ປາກເດແພຣັງ ປາຣີ ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ.
Solution: フランスのパリ、パルク・デ・プランスで行われた2007年ラグビーワールドカップのプールCで、イタリアは31対5でポルトガルを下した。
Explanation: The Lao sentence is correctly converted into Japanese because the converted sentence holds the message that Italy defeated Portugal 31–5 in Pool C of the 2007 Rugby World Cup at the Parc des Princes in Paris, France. Also, translated sentence preserves the numbers as it is.
Problem: ໂພເວວ ມີປະລິນຍາສາຂາເຄມີສາດ ແລະ ມີປະສົບການຢ່າງກ້ວາງຂວາງ ກັບ ສານເຄິ່ງນໍາໄຟຟ້າ ຈາກການເຮັດວຽກກັບ ບໍລິສັດຜະຫຼິດອຸຸປະກອນເຄິ່ງນໍາກະແສໄຟຟ້າຫຼື AMD.
Solution:
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パウエルは化学の学位を持ち、アドバンスド・マイクロ・デバイス社での勤務経験から、半導体の幅広い経験がある。
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task1125_alt_lo_ja_translation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
Q: Given a sentence in the Lao, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is.
"ສະຫະລັດໄດ້ປະກາດວ່າ ມັນແມ່ນການຂັ້ວມບາດໃໝ່ຕໍ່ ອີຣານທີ່ປະທັບໃຈ ຕະຫຼາດນ້ຳມັນຍັງໄດ້ສືບຕໍ່ມີຫົນທາງໃນການພັດທະນາ ທີ່ກ່່ຽວກັບ ແຮງກະຕຸ້ນໃນປະຈຸບັນ ລະຫວ່າງ ຕຸລະກີTurkey ແລະ ຜູ້ກໍ່ການກະບົດຊາວເຄີດ ທີ່ຢູ່ໃນ ອີຣັກ."
A:
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「アメリカは、イランに新たな制裁を課していること、石油市場がトルコとイラク内のクルド反乱軍との、現在の緊張状態の進展具合にも着目し続けることを発表した。」
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task1125_alt_lo_ja_translation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
Given a sentence in the Lao, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is.
Example: ອິຕາລີໄດ້ເສຍໃຫ້ປ໊ອກຕຸຍການ 31 ຕໍ່ 5 ໃນພູລ C ຂອງ ການແຂ່ງຂັນຣັກບີ້ລະດັບໂລກປີ 2007 ທີ່ ປາກເດແພຣັງ ປາຣີ ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ.
Example solution: フランスのパリ、パルク・デ・プランスで行われた2007年ラグビーワールドカップのプールCで、イタリアは31対5でポルトガルを下した。
Example explanation: The Lao sentence is correctly converted into Japanese because the converted sentence holds the message that Italy defeated Portugal 31–5 in Pool C of the 2007 Rugby World Cup at the Parc des Princes in Paris, France. Also, translated sentence preserves the numbers as it is.
Problem: ລາຍງານຈາກຜູ້ແທນຄະນະກຳມະການກັ່ນຕອງຂໍ້ມູນຂ່າວສານພາຍໃນຂອງສະຫະລັດທີ່ຕີພິມໃນຄຳຢືນຢັນວັນພຸດທີ່ຜ່ານມາວ່າຖ້າປະເທດອິຣານຫອບອາວຸດນິວເຄຍມາ ອິດສະລະເອວກໍ່ຈະຖືກບີບໃຫ້ຕອບໂຕ້ທາງການທະຫານ.
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Solution: 水曜の米国下院の諜報特別委員会の報告は、もしイラン軍が核兵器を所持したら、イスラエルは応戦を迫られるだろうと断言した
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task1125_alt_lo_ja_translation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Q: Given a sentence in the Lao, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is.
ຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານອຸດສາຫະກຳສ່ວນຫຼາຍ ຍັງຄົງບໍ່ເຊື່ອໝັ້ນ ແລະ ຢ້ານກົວວ່າ ໂປແກຣມ ອາດເປັນສິ່ງທີ່ຕ້ອງໃຊ້ເງິນ ແລະ ບໍ່ກວ້າງຂວາງໃນການຄວບຄຸມ ແລະ ອາດຜະລິດໂຄສະນາທີ່ບໍ່ມີໂຕຕົນ.
A:
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ほとんどの業界専門家は懐疑的なままで、そのプログラムは運営するには費用がかかりすぎて厄介で、目に見える商業的な利点を何も生み出さないのではないかと危惧している。
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task1125_alt_lo_ja_translation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
Given a sentence in the Lao, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is.
Q: "ອີກຢ່າງໜຶ່ງ ຈຳນວນຂອງອາສາສະໝັກ ຄວາມຈິງແລ້ວສອນການຮຽນ ແລະ ສະໜອງໃບຮັບຮອງ ໃນເວລາ ແລະ ຫຼັງຈາກການຮຽນ."
A: 「さらに、かなりの数のボランティアが実際にはコース中や終了後にコースを指導をしたり、証明書を発行している。」
****
Q: ເຖິງຢ່າງໃດກໍ່ຕາມ ການຕັດສິນໃຈຂອງ ຄະນະກຳມະການຜູ້ຕັດສິນທັງສາມ ໃນວັນອັງຄານ ໄດ້ເກີດຂຶ້ນໃນກົດລະບຽບຂອງສານຕ່ຳປີກາຍນີ້ ເຊີ່ງ ທ່ານນາງ ມິລເລີ ແລະ ທ່ານ ຄູເປີ ຄວນຕອບດ້ວຍການສົນທະນາແບບໝັ້ນໃຈ ກັບຂໍ້ມູນຂອງລັດຖະບານ.
A: しかし3人の判事団の火曜日の判断は下位裁判所が昨年出した「ミラー氏とクーパー氏は政府の情報源との秘密の会話に答えるべきである」とする裁決を支持した。
****
Q: ຫຼາຍກວ່າ 24 ຜູ້ອອກກູ້ສຳຮອງ ໄດ້ປິດ ຫຼື ຂາຍການດຳເນີນການ ເພາະການຜິດສັນຍາ ບໍ່ໃຊ້ໜີ້ໃນການມັດຈຳທີ່ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ.
A:
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抵当のデフォルトが増加したため、24以上のサブプライムの貸し手が、経営を止めたり譲渡した。
****
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task1125_alt_lo_ja_translation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
Given a sentence in the Lao, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is.
Example: ອິຕາລີໄດ້ເສຍໃຫ້ປ໊ອກຕຸຍການ 31 ຕໍ່ 5 ໃນພູລ C ຂອງ ການແຂ່ງຂັນຣັກບີ້ລະດັບໂລກປີ 2007 ທີ່ ປາກເດແພຣັງ ປາຣີ ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ.
Example solution: フランスのパリ、パルク・デ・プランスで行われた2007年ラグビーワールドカップのプールCで、イタリアは31対5でポルトガルを下した。
Example explanation: The Lao sentence is correctly converted into Japanese because the converted sentence holds the message that Italy defeated Portugal 31–5 in Pool C of the 2007 Rugby World Cup at the Parc des Princes in Paris, France. Also, translated sentence preserves the numbers as it is.
Problem: ຕົ້ນປີ 2006 ສະພາໄດ້ຖືກກ່າວຫາຈາກຄົນວົງໃນສະພາ ຜ່ານບຮ໊ອກ ໃນປະເດັນຮູບແບບຂອງບົດລາຍງານ.
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Solution: 2006年のこれ以前、同議会はあるブログで議会内部者を名乗る人物から一連の報告がなされたときの主題となっていた。
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task1125_alt_lo_ja_translation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Given a sentence in the Lao, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is.
Q: ອີງຕາມແຫຼ່ງຂ່າວທາງການ ສະຫະພາບຂອງລັດຖະບານ ແມ່ນມີທ່າທີຈະຍື່ນເອກະສານຄຳຮ້ອງກ່ອນທີ່ສານສູງສຸດ ຈະຢຸດຕິການຈໍ້າກາຮັບຮອງໄວ້ຊົ່ວຄາວ ແລະ ແກ້ໄຂຄືນໃໝ່ສຳລັບຂໍ້ຄັດແຍ່ງນີ້ ໃຫ້ໄວທີ່ສຸດ.
A:
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複数の公共筋によると、連邦政府は、この混乱を早急に解決するために最高裁が一時的に封鎖を停止するより先に、この件を再考するよう嘆願申請をする見込みだ。
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task1125_alt_lo_ja_translation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
test
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Part 1. Definition
Given a sentence in the Lao, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is.
Part 2. Example
ອິຕາລີໄດ້ເສຍໃຫ້ປ໊ອກຕຸຍການ 31 ຕໍ່ 5 ໃນພູລ C ຂອງ ການແຂ່ງຂັນຣັກບີ້ລະດັບໂລກປີ 2007 ທີ່ ປາກເດແພຣັງ ປາຣີ ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ.
Answer: フランスのパリ、パルク・デ・プランスで行われた2007年ラグビーワールドカップのプールCで、イタリアは31対5でポルトガルを下した。
Explanation: The Lao sentence is correctly converted into Japanese because the converted sentence holds the message that Italy defeated Portugal 31–5 in Pool C of the 2007 Rugby World Cup at the Parc des Princes in Paris, France. Also, translated sentence preserves the numbers as it is.
Part 3. Exercise
ຜູ້ວ່າການປົກຄອງລັດ ທ່ານ ແດນຽວ ມາລອຍ ເຊັນການຍົກເລີກລົງໃນກົດໝາຍ ໃນວັນພຸດ ແລະ ຈະມີຜົນສັກສິດໃນທັນທີ.
Answer:
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ダニエル・マロイ州知事は水曜日に廃止を法律に盛り込むと署名し、これにより即効力発生となる。
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task1125_alt_lo_ja_translation
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NIv2
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fs_opt
| 7
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validation
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In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language. The given story is not complete and your job is to complete the story by selecting one of the sentence choices from (A) and (B), such that the story sounds fully coherent.
Example input: Sentence1: Rick grew up in a troubled household. Sentence2: He never found good support in family, and turned to gangs. Sentence3: It wasn't long before Rick got shot in a robbery. Sentence4: The incident caused him to turn a new leaf.
(A) He is happy now. (B) He joined a gang.
Example output: A
Example explanation: As mentioned in fourth sentence, the incident turned a new leaf to Rick's life; so, he must be happy now.
Q: Sentence1: Kelly was reading about hybrid animals online. Sentence2: And she saw pictures of ligers. Sentence3: She was impressed by their size and strength. Sentence4: But she wondered if they could live in the wild.
(A) Kelly had only seen them in the zoo. (B) Kelly remembered when her grandmother showed her the flowers.
A:
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A
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task296_storycloze_correct_end_classification
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NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language. The given story is not complete and your job is to complete the story by selecting one of the sentence choices from (A) and (B), such that the story sounds fully coherent.
Example input: Sentence1: Rick grew up in a troubled household. Sentence2: He never found good support in family, and turned to gangs. Sentence3: It wasn't long before Rick got shot in a robbery. Sentence4: The incident caused him to turn a new leaf.
(A) He is happy now. (B) He joined a gang.
Example output: A
Example explanation: As mentioned in fourth sentence, the incident turned a new leaf to Rick's life; so, he must be happy now.
Q: Sentence1: Mark was a pro wrestler. Sentence2: He was getting ready for a big fight. Sentence3: He was nervous but practiced tediously. Sentence4: On the night of the fight he had won all rounds.
(A) Mark did not do well and felt defeated. (B) Mark became famous and made a lot of money.
A:
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B
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task296_storycloze_correct_end_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language. The given story is not complete and your job is to complete the story by selecting one of the sentence choices from (A) and (B), such that the story sounds fully coherent.
Problem:Sentence1: Sam wanted to throw a party. Sentence2: Sam invited all of his friends and neighbors. Sentence3: The party got extremely wild. Sentence4: All of the guests left the party in disgust.
(A) Sam became a party planner. (B) Sam had a terrible hangover the next day.
Solution:
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B
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task296_storycloze_correct_end_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language. The given story is not complete and your job is to complete the story by selecting one of the sentence choices from (A) and (B), such that the story sounds fully coherent.
Problem:Sentence1: I love taking long warm showers. Sentence2: They feel great and they're fun. Sentence3: Unfortunately they're wasteful. Sentence4: So I always feel bad when I take one.
(A) That's why I take two of them every day. (B) I decided to only take one long warm shower per week.
Solution:
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B
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task296_storycloze_correct_end_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language. The given story is not complete and your job is to complete the story by selecting one of the sentence choices from (A) and (B), such that the story sounds fully coherent.
[EX Q]: Sentence1: I was at the laundromat last Sunday. Sentence2: There was a cute girl doing her laundry there too. Sentence3: I went up and started making small talk. Sentence4: She smiled but didn't seem interested.
(A) I left her alone but kept sneaking little glances. (B) I bought her a dress that afternoon.
[EX A]: A
[EX Q]: Sentence1: Anna has lost twenty pound in three months. Sentence2: Her friends aren't sure what her secret is. Sentence3: Last week they decided to ask her. Sentence4: She said she was working out and eating better.
(A) Anna's friends thought her methods were ineffective. (B) Anna's friends were surprised by her simple methods.
[EX A]: B
[EX Q]: Sentence1: Joe really wanted to attend Columbia University. Sentence2: He worked really hard in school, was on the soccer team. Sentence3: He got put on the waiting list. Sentence4: Although he was disappointed, he tried his best to the very end.
(A) Joe was still very proud of his hard work. (B) Joe decided he didn't want to go to college.
[EX A]:
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A
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task296_storycloze_correct_end_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language. The given story is not complete and your job is to complete the story by selecting one of the sentence choices from (A) and (B), such that the story sounds fully coherent.
Example input: Sentence1: Rick grew up in a troubled household. Sentence2: He never found good support in family, and turned to gangs. Sentence3: It wasn't long before Rick got shot in a robbery. Sentence4: The incident caused him to turn a new leaf.
(A) He is happy now. (B) He joined a gang.
Example output: A
Example explanation: As mentioned in fourth sentence, the incident turned a new leaf to Rick's life; so, he must be happy now.
Q: Sentence1: Todd played hockey. Sentence2: Tonight was the big game. Sentence3: All his friends would be there. Sentence4: He was nervous.
(A) Todd's knees shook as he skated because he was nervous. (B) Todd wore a silly costume to his hockey game.
A:
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A
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task296_storycloze_correct_end_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language. The given story is not complete and your job is to complete the story by selecting one of the sentence choices from (A) and (B), such that the story sounds fully coherent.
Sentence1: Bob went to the doctor. Sentence2: The doctor told him that he was overweight. Sentence3: Bob realized that he had to get in shape. Sentence4: He joined a gym and started to watch what he ate.
(A) Bob gained 50 pounds. (B) Bob got in shape.
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B
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task296_storycloze_correct_end_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language. The given story is not complete and your job is to complete the story by selecting one of the sentence choices from (A) and (B), such that the story sounds fully coherent.
Problem:Sentence1: Yesterday Kim got a brand new blazer. Sentence2: To her delight, when she got to school everyone complimented her on it. Sentence3: The next few weeks, Kim saw that everyone was wearing the blazer. Sentence4: She felt happy to start a new trend.
(A) Kim was glad people were inspired to imitate her. (B) Kim asked her friends if they wanted to go to Starbucks.
Solution:
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A
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task296_storycloze_correct_end_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language. The given story is not complete and your job is to complete the story by selecting one of the sentence choices from (A) and (B), such that the story sounds fully coherent.
Problem:Sentence1: Cole had a garden with a lot of vegetables. Sentence2: He had so many that he would have to throw them out. Sentence3: He started to take his excess vegetables to the local church. Sentence4: The church was grateful to Cole for his kindness.
(A) Cole was upset that all of his vegetables went to waste. (B) All the members signed a Thank You card for Cole.
Solution:
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B
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task296_storycloze_correct_end_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
test
|
In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language. The given story is not complete and your job is to complete the story by selecting one of the sentence choices from (A) and (B), such that the story sounds fully coherent.
Q: Sentence1: Mia loved being outdoors. Sentence2: One summer, she decided to go mountain climbing. Sentence3: She joined a club of people who climbed mountains together. Sentence4: They climbed the tallest mountain in her area.
(A) Mia had a great time. (B) Mia wished she could be indoors.
A: A
****
Q: Sentence1: Francis has always looked forward to learning how to drive. Sentence2: Finally he is old enough for a driver's license. Sentence3: Francis studies very hard to get a license. Sentence4: He passes his driver's test easily.
(A) Francis is really proud of his accomplishment. (B) Francis decides he would rather take public transportation.
A: A
****
Q: Sentence1: Everyone told Matt he ate too much red meat. Sentence2: He ignored all their warnings about red meat and health problems. Sentence3: One day after a juicy burger, Matt had a heart attack. Sentence4: Matt became a vegetarian after he left the hospital.
(A) He stayed heart attack free for the rest of his life. (B) Matt celebrated leaving the hospital with a large steak.
A:
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A
****
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task296_storycloze_correct_end_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 4
|
validation
|
instruction:
In this task, based on a given sentence, we ask you to write a question that involves "transient vs. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time (transient event) not (stationary event). For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a transient event since it will remain true for a short period of time. Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". Note that the written questions are not required to have a single correct answer.
question:
Sentence: Example Solar panels on the roof of this house generate enough electricity to supply a familys needs.
answer:
Will the solar panels always be generating electricity?
question:
Sentence: Princes and princesses judged the merits of birds, insects, flowers, roots, or seashells.
answer:
Do they still judge the merits of natural objects?
question:
Sentence: The next evening, she arrived with a stack of glistening stopboxes containing sushi, sashimi, oysters in their shells, and Terran vegetables fresh plucked from their hydroponic beds.
answer:
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Is she still gone?
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task006_mctaco_question_generation_transient_stationary
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
Definition: In this task, based on a given sentence, we ask you to write a question that involves "transient vs. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time (transient event) not (stationary event). For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a transient event since it will remain true for a short period of time. Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". Note that the written questions are not required to have a single correct answer.
Input: Sentence: Afterwards she felt a lot better and went to sleep.
Output:
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Did she still feel bad after waking up?
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task006_mctaco_question_generation_transient_stationary
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, based on a given sentence, we ask you to write a question that involves "transient vs. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time (transient event) not (stationary event). For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a transient event since it will remain true for a short period of time. Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". Note that the written questions are not required to have a single correct answer.
Problem:Sentence: Even though electronic espionage may cost U.S. firms billions of dollars a year, most aren't yet taking precautions, the experts said.
Solution:
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Will electronic espionage always be happening in the U.S.?
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task006_mctaco_question_generation_transient_stationary
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
In this task, based on a given sentence, we ask you to write a question that involves "transient vs. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time (transient event) not (stationary event). For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a transient event since it will remain true for a short period of time. Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". Note that the written questions are not required to have a single correct answer.
Example input: Sentence: Jack played basketball after school, after which he was very tired.
Example output: Was Jack still tired the next day?
Example explanation: this question uses the transient nature of "being tired". Therefore it's a "stationary vs transient" question.
Q: Sentence: Because then they feel like they are forced to stay in that situation.".
A:
|
Will they feel forced to stay next year?
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task006_mctaco_question_generation_transient_stationary
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
In this task, based on a given sentence, we ask you to write a question that involves "transient vs. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time (transient event) not (stationary event). For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a transient event since it will remain true for a short period of time. Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". Note that the written questions are not required to have a single correct answer.
[Q]: Sentence: The scout ship re-emerged from the hole - a brilliant speck emerging from a sphere of velvety blackness.
[A]: Was the scout ship built before or after it re-emerged from the hole?
[Q]: Sentence: Its impetus was that Treasury Secretary Hamilton "secured the nation's financial future and made it possible for her own family to make its fortune in grain elevators and banking.
[A]: Will Secretary Hamilton always be the Treasury Secretary?
[Q]: Sentence: She renews in Ranchipur an acquaintance with a former lover , Tom Ransome , now a dissolute alcoholic .
[A]:
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Is she still in Ranchipur?
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task006_mctaco_question_generation_transient_stationary
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, based on a given sentence, we ask you to write a question that involves "transient vs. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time (transient event) not (stationary event). For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a transient event since it will remain true for a short period of time. Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". Note that the written questions are not required to have a single correct answer.
Problem:Sentence: At this early stage in its history Japan was already (for the most part) only nominally ruled by the emperor.
Solution:
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Will the emperor always be in charge of Japan?
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task006_mctaco_question_generation_transient_stationary
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
In this task, based on a given sentence, we ask you to write a question that involves "transient vs. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time (transient event) not (stationary event). For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a transient event since it will remain true for a short period of time. Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". Note that the written questions are not required to have a single correct answer.
Sentence: Ana studied very hard to be the best she could be at spelling.
|
Did Ana continue to study hard the next year?
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task006_mctaco_question_generation_transient_stationary
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, based on a given sentence, we ask you to write a question that involves "transient vs. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time (transient event) not (stationary event). For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a transient event since it will remain true for a short period of time. Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". Note that the written questions are not required to have a single correct answer.
Q: Sentence: Because the same amount of matter still exists, we can say that matter is conserved.
A:
|
Is the amount of matter still being studied?
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task006_mctaco_question_generation_transient_stationary
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, based on a given sentence, we ask you to write a question that involves "transient vs. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time (transient event) not (stationary event). For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a transient event since it will remain true for a short period of time. Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". Note that the written questions are not required to have a single correct answer.
Sentence: Thats because the sound couldnt travel without air particles to transfer the sound energy.
|
Can sound still travel tomorrow?
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task006_mctaco_question_generation_transient_stationary
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
test
|
In this task, based on a given sentence, we ask you to write a question that involves "transient vs. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time (transient event) not (stationary event). For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a transient event since it will remain true for a short period of time. Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". Note that the written questions are not required to have a single correct answer.
Example Input: Sentence: Mzoudi studied in Dortmund, Bochum, and Muenster before moving to Hamburg in 1995.
Example Output: Did Mzoudi still study after moving to Hamburg ?
Example Input: Sentence: The most powerful families thus carved out for themselves whole regions that were to become the fiefdoms of Japanese feudalism.
Example Output: Were the families still powerful 100 years later?
Example Input: Sentence: Convicted murderer Seth Baxter awakens chained to a table beneath a pendulum blade .
Example Output:
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Is he still in handcuffs?
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task006_mctaco_question_generation_transient_stationary
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
validation
|
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
[EX Q]: Context: The clinical value of oesophageal histology in non-complicated gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is controversial. Our aim was to explore the role of histology in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative follow-up in GORD.', 'From 40 patients 2 histopathologists graded and scored 191 oesophageal biopsies in a blinded manner to evaluate inter- and intraobserver variation pre- and postoperatively. Correlation between preoperative histology and objective clinical findings (endoscopy, esophageal 24-hour pH monitoring, and manometry) was calculated as well.', 'Pathologist I interpreted 16 (50%) preoperative biopsies as normal, 5 (16%) with mild, 4 (12.5%) moderate, and 7 (21.9%) severe reflux changes. Pathologist II interpreted 11 (35.5%) preoperative biopsies as normal, 11 (35.5%) with mild, 6 (19.4%) moderate, and 3 (9.7%) severe reflux changes. In preoperative biopsies, interobserver variation was 33.8% and intraobserver variation 9.7%. A positive correlation was detectable between preoperative endoscopic and morphologic findings; no correlation existed between either acid reflux or LES pressure and oesophageal morphology. Normal pH monitoring and fundic wrap were noted postoperatively in all cases. In postoperative histology no significant differences according to pathologist I existed when compared with preoperative changes: 22 normal (69%), 7 mild (22%), 1 moderate (3.1%), and 2 severe (6.3%). Compared to preoperative analysis, pathologist II interpreted 24 (77%, p = 0.001) of the postoperative findings as normal, 1 (3%, p = 0.003) as mild, 4 (12.9%, n.s.) as moderate, and 2 (6.5% n.s.) as severe reflux changes. In postoperative biopsies interobserver variation was 21.1% and intraobserver variation 5.6%.
Answer: The role of oesophageal histology in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of GORD may be considered limited.
[EX A]: Is oesophageal histology in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease of minor pre- and postoperative diagnostic value?
[EX Q]: Context: Environmental conditions (eg, latitude) play a critical role in the susceptibility and severity of many autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of immune regulatory processes induced in the skin by moderate ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity.', 'Effects of UVB light were analyzed in a murine model of CNS autoimmunity (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis). Additionally, patients with relapsing-remitting MS were treated with narrowband UVB phototherapy. Immunomodulatory effects were examined in skin biopsies, serum samples, and immune cells of the peripheral blood.', 'Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are induced locally in the skin-draining lymph nodes in response to UVB exposure, connect the cutaneous immune response to CNS immunity by migration to the sites of inflammation (blood, spleen, CNS). Here, they attenuate the inflammatory response and ameliorate disease symptoms. Treg-inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) were further necessary for induction of this systemic immune regulation by UVB radiation, because ablation of Langerhans cells abolished the UVB-induced phenotype. MS patients treated with UVB phototherapy showed an increase in induced Tregs and tolerogenic DCs accompanied by the downregulation of the T-cell effector cytokine interleukin 21. The treatment further induced elevated serum levels of vitamin D.
Answer: Local UVB radiation of the skin influences systemic immune reactions and attenuates systemic autoimmunity via the induction of skin-derived tolerogenic DCs and Tregs. Our data could have implications for the understanding or therapeutic modulation of environmental factors that influence immune tolerance.
[EX A]: Does ultraviolet B light attenuate the systemic immune response in central nervous system autoimmunity?
[EX Q]: Context: Many patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) are not managed adequately, and we often fail to reach treatment targets.', 'To investigate if knowledge of risk factors for CHD, measured by a questionnaire, would show any relation to advice to compliance to lifestyle changes to attain treatment goals and adherence to drug therapy.', 'Men and women <71 years who had had a cardiac event were screened consecutively (509) from the medical records. Responders (392) were interviewed, examined and received a questionnaire. Three hundred and forty-seven patients answered the questionnaire regarding their general knowledge of risk factors for CHD, compliance to lifestyle changes to attain treatment goals and adherence to drug therapy.', 'There were statistically significant correlations between general knowledge about risk factors for CHD and compliance to certain lifestyle changes: weight, physical activity, stress management, diet, attainment of lipid level goals and the likelihood of taking prescribed blood pressure-lowering drugs. General knowledge of risk factors had no correlation to blood glucose or blood pressure levels nor on smoking habits or treatment patterns for prescribed lipid- and blood glucose-lowering drugs.
Answer: Knowledge correlates to patient behaviour with respect to some risk factors, which should be recognised in preventive programs.
[EX A]:
|
Does better knowledge improve adherence to lifestyle changes and medication in patients with coronary heart disease?
|
task845_pubmedqa_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
Teacher: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Context: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 ± 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04).
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Reason: The question is based on the following sentences from the two passages (i) Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) {ii) In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (iii) As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. and (iv) ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia.
Now, solve this instance: Context: L1-cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) was previously reported to carry a poor prognosis in Stage I, low-risk endometrial cancer (EC). We evaluated the role of L1CAM among all stages and histologies in ECs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).', 'Clinical information and RNA-Seq expression data were derived from TCGA uterine cancer cohort. Associations between L1CAM expression and clinical factors were tested with linear and logistic regression. Differences in survival between "high" and "low" expression groups (defined by median expression) of L1CAM were compared using Cox regression analysis, with p-values calculated via log-rank test. Kaplan-Meier curves were tested with the log-rank test.', 'Patient characteristics of 545 primary tumors with RNA-Seq gene expression data were analyzed. Median age was 64years (range 31-90). Stage I, II, III, and IV comprised 62%, 10%, 23%, and 5%, respectively. 75% were endometrioid; 21% serous. Grade 1, 2, and 3 comprised 18%, 22%, and 60%, respectively. Median follow-up was 23.0months. High L1CAM expression was associated with advanced stage (OR 3.2), high grade (OR=6.8), serous histology (OR=16.3), positive cytology (OR=3.5), positive pelvic (OR=21.8) and para-aortic lymph nodes (OR=10.3) (all p≤0.001). High L1CAM was associated with a median overall survival (OS) of 107months, versus not reached for low L1-expressing ECs (HR=3.46, CI 1.97-6.07, p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, L1CAM expression remained an independent prognostic variable in predicting OS in EC.
Answer: L1CAM expression is an independent predictor of poor survival in endometrial cancer, and is associated with advanced stage, high-risk endometrial cancer.
Student:
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Is l1CAM an independent predictor of poor survival in endometrial cancer - An analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas ( TCGA )?
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task845_pubmedqa_question_generation
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NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
[EX Q]: Context: Several studies have shown excess mortality among hip fracture patients compared with the normal population of the same age. Finnish guidelines for medical treatment of hip fracture patients recommend anti-osteoporosis medication and the daily concomitant use of prescribed calcium and vitamin D supplements. However, whether post-fracture use of calcium and vitamin D supplements is associated with survival in such patients has not been evaluated.', "To study the association between survival in hip fracture patients and patients' sex and age, pre-fracture vitamin D status, American Society of Anesthesiologists - Physical Status (ASA-PS) class, type of fracture and post-fracture use of prescribed calcium plus vitamin D and anti-osteoporotic medication.", "The study population was 221 hip fracture patients primarily treated in acute care for a new hip fracture in 2003-4 in two Finnish hospitals. After a median of 27.5 months from the fracture, a questionnaire was sent to all patients who were still alive at the time (n = 137). The patients were queried about their use of prescribed calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and of anti-osteoporotic drugs. The follow-up time for use of anti-osteoporotic medication and prescribed calcium and vitamin D was 19.5-36 months (median 27.5 months). Data on the use of prescribed calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and anti-osteoporotic drugs were checked against information on reimbursement of drug prescriptions held by the Finnish Social Insurance Institution. A total of 4 years' (48 months') survival data for all patients in the study population was also obtained, with the dates of patient deaths being checked against Official National and Regional population statistics. Patient survival was analysed using both the Bayesian multivariate analysis and the life table method.", 'In the multivariate analysis, the combination of variables that best explained post-fracture survival was as follows: age <80 years; ASA-PS class 1-2 (ASA-PS class 1 and 2 data were combined in calculations); post-fracture use of prescribed calcium plus vitamin D supplements concomitantly with anti-osteoporotic drugs; post-fracture use of prescribed calcium plus vitamin D supplements; post-fracture use of anti-osteoporotic drugs only; and type of fracture (femoral neck or subtrochanteric). This model correctly predicted 74% of cases. At 36 months, we observed a 36% reduction in deaths in females who used prescribed calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and a corresponding 43% reduction in males. Survival of females who used anti-osteoporotic drugs concomitantly was even greater (43% reduction in deaths) over the entire follow-up period. Excess mortality was highest in females and males who used neither anti-osteoporotic drugs nor prescribed calcium and vitamin D.
Answer: Our results indicate a potential relationship between reduced mortality and post-fracture use of prescribed calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and, in females, concomitant use of anti-osteoporotic drugs. However, further investigations are needed to understand the reason for the reduction in the risk of death. Population-based, randomized, placebo-controlled trials with total mortality as the main endpoint should be conducted to verify our results.
[EX A]: Is post-fracture prescribed calcium and vitamin D supplements alone or , in females , with concomitant anti-osteoporotic drugs associated with lower mortality in elderly hip fracture patients : a prospective analysis?
[EX Q]: Context: The mechanism involved in AD is complex, which has prompted to develop compounds that could simultaneously interact with several potential targets. Here, we report a new synthesized compound SCR-1693 which is designed to target both AChE and calcium channels that are potential for AD therapy.', 'We investigated the effects of SCR-1693 on AChE and calcium channels, the effects of neuroprotection and anti-amnesia in icv-Aβ25-35-injected mice, and the potential mechanisms.', 'AChE activity assay, intracellular Ca(2+) content and calcium currents measurement, and Aβ25-35-induced cellular death determine were performed for validation of designed targets and neuroprotection of SCR-1693. Mice were orally administrated with SCR-1693 once daily after an Aβ25-35 injection. The Morris water maze and Y-maze test, and hippocampal protein detection were conducted on days 5-10, day 11, and day 8. The pyramidal neuron number, hippocampal AChE activity, and synaptic transmission were measured on day 12.', 'SCR-1693 acted as a selective, reversible, and noncompetitive inhibitor of AChE, and a nonselective voltage-gated calcium channel blocker. SCR-1693 also inhibited the increase of AChE activity in the mouse hippocampus. SCR-1693 was more effective than donepezil and memantine in preventing Aβ25-35-induced long-term and short-term memory impairment, maintaining the basal transmission of Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, and sustaining LTP in mouse hippocampus. SCR-1693 attenuated Aβ25-35-induced death of SH-SY5Y cell and the loss of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and regulated Aβ25-35-induced signal cascade in neurons.
Answer: All these findings indicated that SCR-1693, as a double-target-direction agent, is a considerable candidate for AD therapy.
[EX A]: Does a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and calcium channel blocker SCR-1693 improve Aβ25-35-impaired mouse cognitive function?
[EX Q]: Context: To investigate the surgical results of macular hole surgery without gas tamponade or postoperative posturing in patients with Stage 3 and Stage 4 macular holes with ≥500 μm mean base diameter.', 'Retrospective interventional case series.', 'Twenty-six patients with Stage 3 and Stage 4 macular holes.', 'Twenty-six eyes of 26 patients with Stage 3 and Stage 4 macular holes and a mean base diameter of 892.8 ± 349 μm underwent pars plana 23-gauge vitrectomy with broad internal limiting membrane peel (ILM peel), inverted ILM flap repositioning (ILMR), and use of autologous gluconated blood clumps as a macular plug to close the macular hole. No fluid-air exchange, endotamponade, or postoperative posturing was used. The subjects were followed up for 12 months. The anatomical outcome of the procedure was evaluated by fundus examination and optical coherence tomography. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography was used to study the restoration of the outer retinal layer integrity in the postoperative period. The preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuities in logMAR units were compared to evaluate functional outcome.', 'Macular hole closure and best-corrected visual acuity before and after surgery.', 'Twenty-six patients with mean age 62.8 ± 7.3 years, preoperative median best-corrected visual acuity 6/60 (1.0 logMAR units), and a mean base diameter of 892.8 ± 349 μm underwent surgery to close macular holes without gas tamponade or postoperative posturing. Twenty patients (76.9%) were phakic. Twenty eyes (76.92%) had Stage 3 macular holes and 6 eyes (23.10%) had Stage 4 macular holes. After a single surgery, hole closure was achieved in 100% of eyes. The median best-corrected visual acuity improved from 6/60 (1.0 logMAR units) to 6/18 (0.50 logMAR units) (P < 0.001). Three patients needed cataract surgery at 12-month follow-up. No major intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed.
Answer: Twenty-three-gauge pars plana vitrectomy combined with broad ILM peeling, use of ILMR and autologous gluconated blood clumps as a macular plug is effective in achieving satisfactory hole closure with statically significant functional improvement for large Stage 3 and Stage 4 macular holes.
[EX A]:
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Does cLOSING MACULAR hole WITH `` MACULAR PLUG '' WITHOUT GAS TAMPONADE AND POSTOPERATIVE POSTURING?
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task845_pubmedqa_question_generation
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NIv2
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fs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
Teacher: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Context: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 ± 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04).
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Reason: The question is based on the following sentences from the two passages (i) Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) {ii) In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (iii) As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. and (iv) ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia.
Now, solve this instance: Context: Epidemiological studies have reported associations between reduced cardiovascular disease and diets rich in tomato and/or lycopene. Intervention studies have shown that lycopene-containing foods may reduce cholesterol levels and lipid peroxidation, factors implicated in the initiation of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether consumption of lycopene rich foods conferred cardiovascular protection to middle-aged adults as indicated by plasma lipid concentrations and measures of ex vivo antioxidants.', "Ten healthy men and women consumed a low lycopene diet with no added lycopene (control treatment) or supplemented with watermelon or tomato juice each containing 20 mg lycopene. Subjects consumed each treatment for three weeks in a crossover design. Plasma, collected weekly was analyzed for total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride concentrations and for the antioxidant biomarkers of malondialdehyde formation products (MDA), plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed Procedure and associations between antioxidant and lipid measures were identified by Pearson's product moment correlation analysis.", 'Compared to the control diet, the lycopene-containing foods did not affect plasma lipid concentrations or antioxidant biomarkers. Women had higher total cholesterol, HDL-C and triglyceride concentrations than did the men. Total cholesterol was positively correlated to MDA and FRAP while HDL-C was positively correlated to MDA and GPX. GPX was negatively correlated to triglyceride concentration.
Answer: The inclusion of watermelon or tomato juice containing 20 mg lycopene did not affect plasma lipid concentrations or antioxidant status of healthy subjects. However, plasma cholesterol levels impacted the results of MDA and FRAP antioxidant tests.
Student:
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Does lycopene from two food sources affect antioxidant or cholesterol status of middle-aged adults?
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task845_pubmedqa_question_generation
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NIv2
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fs_opt
| 2
|
train
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Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
One example is below.
Q: Context: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 ± 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04).
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
A: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Rationale: The question is based on the following sentences from the two passages (i) Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) {ii) In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (iii) As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. and (iv) ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia.
Q: Context: Determine whether antioxidant supplements alter the plasma glutathione and/or cysteine redox potential in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients.', 'This was an ancillary study to the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), where subset of AREDS subjects at two sites were studied at two time points, an average of 1.7 and 6.7 years after enrollment.', 'Plasma glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), cysteine (Cys), and cystine (CySS) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and redox potentials of GSH/GSSG (E(h) GSH) and Cys/CySS (E(h) Cys) were calculated. The means of the metabolites and redox potentials were compared by repeated-measures analysis of variance for subjects receiving antioxidants and those not receiving antioxidants.', 'At the first blood draw, the means for the antioxidant group (n = 153) and no antioxidant group (n = 159) were not significantly different for any of the metabolites or redox potentials. At the second draw, the GSH parameters were not significantly different between the antioxidant (n = 37) and no antioxidant (n = 45) groups; however, mean Cys was significantly higher in the antioxidant group (9.5 vs 7.2 micromol/l, P = .008). Also, mean E(h) Cys was significantly more reduced in the antioxidant group (-74 vs -67.3 mV, P = .03).
Answer: The AREDS antioxidant supplements reduced oxidation of E(h) Cys but had no effect on GSH. Because Cys is important for cell growth, apoptosis, and immune function, the beneficial effect of antioxidant supplementation on progression to advanced AMD may be partially explained by its effect on E(h) Cys and/or its effect on Cys availability.
A:
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Do antioxidant supplements prevent oxidation of cysteine/cystine redox in patients with age-related macular degeneration?
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task845_pubmedqa_question_generation
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NIv2
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fs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Context: To investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength-endurance exercise (IASE) and caloric restriction (CR) on body composition, glycaemic and lipid profile and inflammatory markers.', 'Thirty-two Zucker diabetic fatty rats were randomised into 4 groups (sedentary\xa0+\xa0CR; sedentary\xa0+\xa0adlibitum; IASE\xa0+\xa0CR; and IASE\xa0+\xa0adlibitum). Training groups conducted an IASE programme in the same session, 5 days/week for 2 months. Body weight, fat and muscle mass and body water were measured using a body composition analyser. Plasma total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, insulin, adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 and 10 were measured. Blood fasting and postprandial glucose were assessed. Body weight was lower in the CR compared to the adlibitum groups (p\xa0<\xa00.001). Fat mass was lower in the CR compared to the adlibitum (p\xa0<\xa00.05) and in the IASE compared to the sedentary groups (p\xa0<\xa00.001), but IASE increased lean mass (p\xa0<\xa00.001). Triglycerides were lower in the CR compared to the adlibitum groups (p\xa0<\xa00.001) whereas total and LDL-cholesterol and fasting glucose were reduced only in the IASE groups (all, p\xa0<\xa00.001). Phospholipids decreased in the CR compared to the adlibitum (p\xa0<\xa00.05) and the IASE compared to the sedentary groups (p\xa0<\xa00.001). The area under the curve after oral glucose tolerance test, insulin and homoeostatic model assessment were lower in the IASE and the CR compared to the sedentary and adlibitum groups, respectively (all, p\xa0<\xa00.001). Adiponectin was lower in the CR groups (p\xa0<\xa00.001).
Answer: Overall, IASE as well as CR were both useful interventions, especially when combined. However, IASE showed greater improvements on body composition, inflammatory and glycaemic profile than CR did.
Output:
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Does interval aerobic training combined with strength-endurance exercise improve metabolic markers beyond caloric restriction in Zucker rats?
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task845_pubmedqa_question_generation
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NIv2
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zs_opt
| 1
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train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Context: Genomic islands are regions of bacterial genomes that have been acquired by horizontal transfer and often contain blocks of genes that function together for specific processes. Recently, it has become clear that the impact of genomic islands on the evolution of different bacterial species is significant and represents a major force in establishing bacterial genomic variation. However, the study of genomic island evolution has been mostly performed at the sequence level using computer software or hybridization analysis to compare different bacterial genomic sequences. We describe here a novel experimental approach to study the evolution of species-specific bacterial genomic islands that identifies island genes that have evolved in such a way that they are differentially-expressed depending on the bacterial host background into which they are transferred.', 'We demonstrate this approach by using a "test" genomic island that we have cloned from the Salmonella typhimurium genome (island 4305) and transferred to a range of Gram negative bacterial hosts of differing evolutionary relationships to S. typhimurium. Systematic analysis of the expression of the island genes in the different hosts compared to proper controls allowed identification of genes with genera-specific expression patterns. The data from the analysis can be arranged in a matrix to give an expression "array" of the island genes in the different bacterial backgrounds. A conserved 19-bp DNA site was found upstream of at least two of the differentially-expressed island genes. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic analysis of horizontally-transferred genomic island gene expression in a broad range of Gram negative hosts. We also present evidence in this study that the IS200 element found in island 4305 in S. typhimurium strain LT2 was inserted after the island had already been acquired by the S. typhimurium lineage and that this element is likely not involved in the integration or excision of island 4305.
Answer: The "clone-and-transfer" approach of evolutionary study identifies genes whose expression patterns indicate the existence of genera-specific regulatory mechanisms that influence the expression of horizontally-transferred DNA sections. The results provide key information that can be used to facilitate the identification of these regulatory mechanisms.
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Does a new experimental approach for studying bacterial genomic island evolution identify island genes with bacterial host-specific expression patterns?
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task845_pubmedqa_question_generation
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NIv2
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zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Q: Context: Hyponatraemia is a common, potentially life-threatening, complication of thiazide diuretics. The mechanism of thiazide-induced hyponatraemia is incompletely understood. Previous experiments have suggested a direct effect of thiazide diuretics on the plasma membrane expression of aquaporin (AQP)2.', 'We examined the effects of a single re-exposure to hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 50\u200amg on water balance, renal sodium handling and osmoregulation in 15 elderly hypertensive patients with a history of thiazide-induced hyponatraemia and 15 matched hypertensive controls using thiazide diuretics without previous hyponatraemia.', 'Patients with thiazide-induced hyponatraemia had significantly lower body weight and lower plasma sodium and osmolality at baseline. After HCTZ administration, plasma sodium and osmolality significantly decreased and remained lower in patients compared with controls (P\u200a<\u200a0.001). Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and urine AQP2 were low or suppressed in patients, whereas solute and electrolyte-free water clearance was significantly increased compared with controls. Ad libitum water intake was significantly higher in patients (2543\u200a±\u200a925\u200aml) than in controls (1828\u200a±\u200a624\u200aml, P\u200a<\u200a0.05), whereas urinary sodium excretion did not differ. In contrast, urea excretion remained significantly lower in patients (263\u200a±\u200a69\u200ammol per 24\u200ah) compared with controls (333\u200a±\u200a97\u200ammol per 24\u200ah, P\u200a<\u200a0.05) and predicted the decrease in plasma sodium following HCTZ administration.
Answer: Thiazide diuretics are associated with markedly impaired free water excretion at low ADH and AQP2 in elderly patients. The higher water intake and lower urea excretion in patients points to an important role for polydipsia and urea-mediated water excretion in the pathogenesis of thiazide-induced hyponatraemia.
A:
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Is thiazide-induced hyponatraemia associated with increased water intake and impaired urea-mediated water excretion at low plasma antidiuretic hormone and urine aquaporin-2?
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task845_pubmedqa_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Context: Sleep disorders are associated with cardiovascular complications and preterm delivery (PTD). Insufficient sleep results in metabolic alterations and increased inflammation, both known to contribute to placental abruption (abruption), a determinant of PTD. We examined associations of abruption with sleep duration and complaints of vital exhaustion.', 'The study included 164 abruption cases and 160 controls in a multicenter study in Peru. Data on habitual sleep duration and vital exhaustion during the first 6 months of pregnancy were elicited during interviews conducted following delivery. Women were categorized according to short, normal and long sleep duration (≤6, 7-8 and ≥9\u2009h); and frequency of feeling exhausted. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.', 'Short and long sleep durations were associated with increased odds of abruption. The ORs of abruption in relation to short (≤6\u2009h) and long (≥9\u2009h) sleep duration were 2.0 (95% CI 1.1-3.7) and 2.1 (95% CI 1.1-4.1), compared with normal sleep duration (7-8\u2009h). Complaints of vital exhaustion were also associated with abruption (OR\u2009=\u20092.37; 95% CI 1.46-3.85), and were independent of sleep duration.
Answer: We extend the existing literature and support the thesis that maternal sleep habits and disorders should be assessed among pregnant women.
Output:
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Is maternal sleep duration and complaints of vital exhaustion during pregnancy associated with placental abruption?
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task845_pubmedqa_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 1
|
test
|
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Q: Context: It has been shown that sarcolemmal rupture can occur during reenergization in cardiomyocytes in which previous ischemia has induced sarcolemmal fragility by calpain-dependent hydrolysis of structural proteins. We tested the hypothesis that attenuated calpain activation contributes to the protection against reperfusion-induced cell death afforded by ischemic preconditioning (IPC), and investigated the involvement of protein kinase A (PKA) in this effect.', 'Calpain activity and degradation of different structural proteins were studied along with the extent of necrosis in isolated rat hearts submitted to 60 min of ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion with or without previous IPC (two cycles of 5 min ischemia-5 min reperfusion), and the ability of different treatments to mimic or blunt the effects of IPC were analyzed.', 'IPC accelerated ATP depletion and rigor onset during ischemia but reduced LDH release during reperfusion by 69% (P<0.001). At the end off reperfusion, calpain activity was reduced by 66% (P<0.001) in IPC, and calpain-dependent degradation of sarcolemmal proteins was attenuated. Addition of the calpain inhibitor MDL-28170 mimicked the effects of IPC on protein degradation and reduced LDH release by 48% (P<0.001). The effects of IPC on calpain, alpha-fodrin, and LDH release were blunted by the application of the PKA inhibitor H89 or alprenolol during IPC, while transient stimulation of PKA with CPT-cAMP or isoproterenol before ischemia attenuated calpain activation, alpha-fodrin degradation, and markedly reduced LDH release (P<0.001). In hearts exposed to Na(+)-free perfusion, IPC attenuated calpain activation by 67% (P<0.001) and reduced by 56% (P<0.001) LDH release associated to massive edema occurring during Na(+) readmission without modifying its magnitude.
Answer: These results are consistent with PKA-dependent attenuation of calpain-mediated degradation of structural proteins being an end-effector mechanism of the protection afforded by IPC.
A:
|
Does ischemic preconditioning attenuate calpain-mediated degradation of structural proteins through a protein kinase A-dependent mechanism?
|
task845_pubmedqa_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
validation
|
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Polish.
Example: (Risate) E infatti aveva già pubblicato tanti video sulla natura.
Output: (Śmiech) Opublikował wiele filmów o przyrodzie.
The Italian sentence is correctly translated into Polish, because the meaning is preserved.
New input case for you: Il che porta alla domanda: Ok, quanto pagano l'Uruguay, il Paraguay, l'Argentina e lo Stato del Mato Grosso in Brazile per questo apporto vitale per l'economia allo stato dell'Amazzonia, che produce la pioggia?
Output:
|
Powstaje jednak pytanie: ile Urugwaj, Paragwaj, Argentyna oraz stan Mato Grosso w Brazylii płacą za tak cenny wkład w swoją gospodarkę stanom w Amazonii, gdzie deszcze powstają?
|
task1253_ted_translation_it_pl
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Polish.
[Q]: dice "" Non guardare mai i tromboni — non fa che istigarli "".
[A]: Brzmi: Nigdy nie patrz na puzonistów — to ich tylko ośmiela.
[Q]: Troviamo la stessa cosa in ogni nazione.
[A]: Tak jest dla każdego badanego kraju.
[Q]: 100 milioni di kg al giorno.
[A]:
|
To 100 milionów kilogramów dziennie.
|
task1253_ted_translation_it_pl
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Teacher:You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Polish.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Ogni cinque anni ci sono le elezioni.
Student:
|
Co pięć lat są wybory. Co pięć lat są wybory.
|
task1253_ted_translation_it_pl
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Polish.
[Q]: Non capita molto spesso, abbiamo un meccanismo di revisione.
[A]: Nie zdarza się to zbyt często. Mamy wbudowany mechanizm korygujący.
[Q]: Questa è Tamdin.
[A]: Oto Tamdin.
[Q]: Stamattina, la temperatura del Canale della Manica era 18 gradi.
[A]:
|
Tego ranka temperatura kanału La Manche to 18 C.
|
task1253_ted_translation_it_pl
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Polish.
Example: (Risate) E infatti aveva già pubblicato tanti video sulla natura.
Example solution: (Śmiech) Opublikował wiele filmów o przyrodzie.
Example explanation: The Italian sentence is correctly translated into Polish, because the meaning is preserved.
Problem: In pratica, abbiamo vissuto tutti quegli anni, e si potrebbe pensare che è ancora così in una situazione all'orlo in una situazione all'orlo di un'apocalisse planetaria.
|
Solution: I przede wszystkim przez te wszystkie lata znajdowaliśmy się, a niektórzy mogą twierdzić, że wciąż znajdujemy się dosłownie u progu apokaliptycznej katastrofy na skalę planety.
|
task1253_ted_translation_it_pl
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Polish.
(Risate) E infatti aveva già pubblicato tanti video sulla natura.
Solution: (Śmiech) Opublikował wiele filmów o przyrodzie.
Why? The Italian sentence is correctly translated into Polish, because the meaning is preserved.
New input: Ci sono migliaia di esempi come questi.
Solution:
|
Są ich tysiące.
|
task1253_ted_translation_it_pl
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Polish.
Problem:Poi, chiudo gli occhi e la mia esperienza si trasforma in un campo grigio. Ma nel mondo reale esisterà ancora quel pomodoro rosso a un metro da me?
Solution:
|
Zamykam oczy i moje doświadczenie zmienia się w szarą przestrzeń. ale czy w rzeczywistości faktycznie metr dalej znajduje się czerwony pomidor?
|
task1253_ted_translation_it_pl
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Polish.
[EX Q]: Quindi io e Noam avemmo l'intuizione che se volevamo che i nostri studenti capissero come funzionavano i computer, e lo capissero a fondo fino alle ossa, forse il modo migliore per farlo sarebbe stato dirgli di costruire un computer completo, funzionante, non specifico, ma utile. Hardware e software, dalle fondamenta, partendo dai principi fondamentali.
[EX A]: Być może, by studenci w pełni zrozumieli Być może, by studenci w pełni zrozumieli działanie komputerów najlepiej będzie, by sami zbudowali działający, wielofunkcyjny użyteczny komputer, sprzęt i oprogramowanie, od samych podstaw.
[EX Q]: Da ragazzi, quando cresciamo, abbiamo sogni, abbiamo passioni e abbiamo visioni. E in qualche modo queste cose vengono frantumate.
[EX A]: Jako dzieci, dorastając, mamy marzenia. Mamy zamiłowania i mamy wizje. W jakiś sposób to wszystko jest niszczone.
[EX Q]: Insomma, i miei genitori andavano a cena,
[EX A]:
|
I tak moi rodzice szli na obiad.
|
task1253_ted_translation_it_pl
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Polish.
[EX Q]: Abbiamo un passato comune e condividiamo un futuro comune.
[EX A]: Mamy wspólną przeszłość i wspólną przyszłość.
[EX Q]: Questa è la microfotografia di Nick Read e Patrick Higkey.
[EX A]: To mikrofotografie Nicka Reada i Patricka Hickey.
[EX Q]: E 'un diavoletto!
[EX A]:
|
To mały i zuchwały diabełek.
|
task1253_ted_translation_it_pl
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 6
|
test
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Polish.
Evitare fughe termiche.
Output:
|
Unikajcie ucieczki ciepła.
|
task1253_ted_translation_it_pl
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 1
|
validation
|
You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to only use subtraction on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
One example: Context: Sam is 6 feet tall and Alex is 5 feet tall
Question: By how many feet is Sam taller than Alex?
Solution is here: 1
Explanation: Sam's height - Alex's height = 6-5 = 1
Now, solve this: Context: Steven has 12 peaches. Jake has 4 fewer peaches than Steven who has 67 more peaches than Jill.
Question: How many peaches does Jake have?
Solution:
|
8
|
task751_svamp_subtraction_question_answering
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to only use subtraction on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
Context: In a school there are 632 girls and 410 boys. 465 more girls joined the school.
Question: How many more girls than boys does the school have?
687
Context: Kelly has 22 nintendo games.
Question: How many does she need to buy so that she will have 140 games left?
118
Context: There are 22 different books and 10 different movies in the ' crazy silly school ' series. If you read 12 of the books and watched 56 of the movies
Question: How many more books do you still have to read?
|
10
|
task751_svamp_subtraction_question_answering
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to only use subtraction on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
--------
Question: Context: Rachel picked 7 ripe apples from her tree. Now the tree has 5 apples still on it. If 3 of those are ripe and the rest are unripe
Question: How many unripe apples does the tree have now?
Answer: 2
Question: Context: Mary is baking a cake. The recipe calls for 9 cups of flour and 5 cups of sugar. She already put in 3 cups of flour and 62 cups of sugar.
Question: How many more cups of flour does she need to add?
Answer: 6
Question: Context: A farmer had 160 tomatoes in his garden. If he picked 56 of them yesterday and 41 today.
Question: How many did he have left after yesterday's picking?
Answer:
|
104
|
task751_svamp_subtraction_question_answering
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to only use subtraction on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
Context: Bobby ate 17 pieces of candy. Then he ate 15 more. If he initially had 36 pieces of candy
Question: How many pieces of candy does he still have left?
|
4
|
task751_svamp_subtraction_question_answering
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to only use subtraction on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
Let me give you an example: Context: Sam is 6 feet tall and Alex is 5 feet tall
Question: By how many feet is Sam taller than Alex?
The answer to this example can be: 1
Here is why: Sam's height - Alex's height = 6-5 = 1
OK. solve this:
Context: There are 10 different books and 11 different movies in the ' crazy silly school ' series. If you read 13 of the books and watched 12 of the movies
Question: How many more books than movies have you read?
Answer:
|
1
|
task751_svamp_subtraction_question_answering
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to only use subtraction on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
Q: Context: Zachary did 44 push-ups and 17 crunches in gym class today. David did 29 more push-ups but 13 less crunches than zachary.
Question: How many crunches did David do?
A: 4
****
Q: Context: The grasshopper and the frog had a jumping contest. The grasshopper jumped 35 inches. The grasshopper jumped 4 inches farther than the frog.
Question: How much did they jump altogether?
A: 66
****
Q: Context: 2 birds were sitting on the fence. 5 more birds and 4 more storks came to join them.
Question: How many more birds than storks are sitting on the fence?
A:
|
3
****
|
task751_svamp_subtraction_question_answering
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to only use subtraction on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
[EX Q]: Context: There were 13 roses in the vase. Jessica cut some more roses from her flower garden which had a total of 12 roses. There are now 21 roses in the vase.
Question: How many roses are left in the garden?
[EX A]: 4
[EX Q]: Context: Jessie weighed 71 kilograms. After she started to go jogging everyday she lost 20 kilograms.
Question: How much does she weigh now?
[EX A]: 51
[EX Q]: Context: Jessie weighed 114 kilograms. After she started to go jogging everyday she lost 50 kilograms in the first week and 60 kilograms in the second week.
Question: How much does she weigh now?
[EX A]:
|
4
|
task751_svamp_subtraction_question_answering
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to only use subtraction on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
Context: Allan brought 6 balloons and Jake brought 2 balloons to the park. Jake then bought 3 more balloons at the park.
Question: How many more balloons did Allan have than Jake in the park?
|
1
|
task751_svamp_subtraction_question_answering
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to only use subtraction on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
Example: Context: Sam is 6 feet tall and Alex is 5 feet tall
Question: By how many feet is Sam taller than Alex?
Output: 1
Sam's height - Alex's height = 6-5 = 1
New input case for you: Context: Paul sold some books in a garage sale leaving him with 27 books. If he had 136 books initially
Question: How many books did he sell?
Output:
|
109
|
task751_svamp_subtraction_question_answering
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 1
|
test
|
Detailed Instructions: You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to only use subtraction on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
Problem:Context: 5 red peaches and 11 green peaches are in the basket.
Question: How many more green peaches than red peaches are in the basket?
Solution:
|
6
|
task751_svamp_subtraction_question_answering
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
validation
|
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