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acute bronchiolitis , a common lower respiratory tract infection most seriously affecting infants and the elderly , is predominately caused by the highly infectious human respiratory syncytial virus ( hrsv ) . | 1 |
the human fetal membranes play a critical role as defensive barriers against infectious agents in order to maintain normal pregnancy . the proinflammatory and chemoattractive cytokines produced by the fetal membranes have | 1 |
the main role of the cell cycle is to enable error - free dna replication , chromosome segregation , and cytokinesis . surveillance mechanisms , the checkpoint pathways , monitor passage through | 1 |
in this review we consider the problem of detection of deterministic gravitational - wave signals in the noise of a detector and the question of estimation of their parameters . the examples | 1 |
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) that precedes it , has become a huge medical problem . there are currently about 5 million cases | 1 |
dysregulation of the dopaminergic system is implicated in several pathological conditions including schizophrenia , parkinson s disease , depression , and addiction . dopaminergic signaling is mediated through two types of receptors | 1 |
mu - opioid receptor ( mor ) agonists , such as morphine , are the gold standard in the treatment of moderate to severe pain , however , their therapeutic use is | 1 |
described in 1874 by the french neurologist charcot , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a neurodegenerative disease where no effective treatment exists today . riluzole is the only palliative drug | 1 |
binaries containing white dwarfs , neutron stars , and black holes in compact orbits are over - represented in globular clusters compared with their population in the galactic field . from this | 1 |
blood component therapy became the standard of care in transfusion medicine throughout the industrialized world in the latter half of the twentieth century . the widespread adoption and retention of component therapy | 1 |
over the last half - century , social , economic , and cultural changes have made the transition to adulthood more dynamic , complex , and diversified in western countries ( cordn | 1 |
adolescent behavioural health problems are on the rise worldwide particularly for impulse control disorders ( icds ) including substance abuse , delinquency , obesity , delinquency , and hiv / stds . | 1 |
the generation of voids ( cavities ) is usually observed in two different circumstances : during isothermal crystallization [ 19 ] and during tensile deformation [ 1014 ] . to my knowledge | 1 |
this article examines the extent to which neuroscientific evidence is used in the courtroom by those accused of criminal offenses in england and wales . over recent years , there has been | 1 |
gr is about geometries , and not fields , in a given space - time . that is , the theory solutions are not metric tensors -or possible other matter tensors- but | 1 |
this paper discusses laboratory research involving the modulation of optical isomer ( optical isomer : a molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror image ) activity by use of homeopathic ( | 1 |
cancer is now believed to result from perturbations in cell cycle that result in unlimited proliferation and an inability of a cell to undergo differentiation and/or apoptosis . the cell cycle is | 1 |
parasitic helminths infect up to one - third of the global population due to having evolved numerous strategies to balance their survival with that of the host . one mechanism employs secretion | 1 |
schizophrenia is a complex mental illness characterized by positive ( hallucinations , paranoia , disorganized behavior ) and negative symptoms ( social withdrawal , anhedonia , flat affect ) as well as | 1 |
the development of sulfonamides is a fascinating and informative area in medicinal chemistry [ 13 ] . its functional group has a long and rich history in organic chemistry and drug discovery | 1 |
conjugated shape - persistent macrocycles and , in particular , arylene ethynylene macrocycles ( aems ) have received much attention in recent years because advances in synthetic techniques have made them more | 1 |
in a series of papers [ 110 ] , it has been shown that methyl p - dimethylaminobenzoate ( i ) and its ortho derivatives ( och3 ( ii ) and oh | 1 |
research data repositories based on platforms such as dspace were introduced about 10 years ago , and their use in domains such as chemistry and molecular sciences has gradually increased [ 2 | 1 |
recent attention has focused on how contemporary bioeconomies may be characterized by practices of bioprospecting and biobanking that generate new forms of biovalue from human tissue . the ways in which bodily | 1 |
fr901464 ( 1 ) was isolated from a fermentation broth of the bacterium pseudomonas sp . no . it showed enhancement of activity of a promoter of the sv40 dna tumor virus | 1 |
parkinson s disease ( pd ) is a progressive age - related neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that is characterized by gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra | 1 |
during the last decade , breakthroughs in dna manipulation techniques have generated a wide range of advances in several areas of science : genetics , biology , medicine , but also nanoengineering | 1 |
life in the ocean is dependent on fixation of carbon ( c ) and nitrogen ( n ) by planktonic microalgae , ranging in diameter from < 1 to > 100 m | 1 |
endothelial cell dysfunction ( ecd ) is a broad term which implies dysregulation of endothelial cell functions , including impairment of the barrier functions of endothelial cells , vasodilation , disturbances in | 1 |
the first one is the capability of self - movement ; namely , a living organism is able to pursue autonomously the direction of its own motion , whereas a nonliving object | 1 |
malaria is a deadly disease that has plagued human civilization down through recorded history and has been responsible for the deaths of millions , particularly infants , young children , and expectant | 1 |
copd is a major worldwide public health problem that affects the quality of life of patients and causes physical disability and great socioeconomic impact.1 worldwide , 210 million people suffer from copd,2 | 1 |
the structural similarity of plant - derived isoflavones to human 17 estradiol has stimulated significant interest in their importance to women 's health ( balk et al . 2006 ) , with | 1 |
all compounds 1 - 33 were synthesised by following scheme 1 and substituents are illustrated in table 1 . melting points were determined in an electrothermal melting point apparatus ( stuart scientific | 1 |
all the chemicals used were of analytical grade and purified by standard methods prior to use . the melting points were measured using a stuart scientific melting point apparatus smp3 ( uk | 1 |
at every level of athletic competition , the drive to succeed is a natural competitive instinct that requires an appropriate amount , type , and timing of exercise training and nutrient intake | 1 |
how do we perceive where our limbs are in space without having to look at them continuously ? although this question is fundamental to the understanding of both perception and motor control | 1 |
dopamine ( da ) is a monoamine that is best known for its neurotransmitter function , and like other neurotransmitters , its effects are not limited to the central nervous system ( | 1 |
titanium - based reagents have been investigated for their use as anticancer agents for more than a decade and have been shown to have significant potential against solid tumours . in fact | 1 |
the recent discovery of a light scalar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal } \usepackage{amsmath } \usepackage{wasysym } \usepackage{amsfonts } \usepackage{amssymb } \usepackage{amsbsy } \usepackage{mathrsfs } \usepackage{upgreek } \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt } \begin{document}$$h$$\end{document}h by atlas and cms has be... | 1 |
amoeba is a general name that is used for protists that form a large and diverse assemblage of eukaryotes that are characterized by various types of pseudopodia [ 1 , 2 ] | 1 |
the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) has declared vaccination and the control of infectious diseases to be among the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century . | 1 |
the palladium(ii)-mediated oxidative heck reaction with an organoborane substrate was first reported by dieck and heck in 1975,(1 ) but it was not until the development of a catalytic protocol(2 ) that | 1 |
recently , dna chip or microarray technology has been developed that allows researchers to measure the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously over different time points , different experimental conditions or | 1 |
transcatheter intervention is an emerging technology for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases . in recent years , more and more computer vision techniques have been used in all the phases | 1 |
all animals have an innate immune system that differentiates self from nonself by using diverse , genome - encoded pattern recognition receptors ( prrs ) ( hoffmann et al . prrs recognize | 1 |
human african trypanosomiasis ( hat ) or african sleeping sickness is a serious life threatening disease . around 60 million people in 36 african countries are currently in constant threat of infection | 1 |
with increasing oil prices and forecasts of a future lack of availability , renewable non - petrochemical - based alternatives to materials synthesis could become more important . polysaccharides are the products | 1 |
their bulk properties restrict the proposed possible equations of state for densities larger than nuclear density . their oscillations can become unstable , producing gravitational waves that could be detectable , providing | 1 |
many critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit ( icu ) enter a state of negative energy balance during the first 34 days following admission [ 1 , 2 ] | 1 |
the human immune system can be conceived of as comprising two mutually nonexclusive subsystems : the innate and adaptive immune limbs work cooperatively to afford protection from numerous pathogenic microorganisms and toxins | 1 |
the ability of proteins to interact with different partners is essential to the life of the cell . indeed , the withdrawal or damage of proteins with a high number of connections | 1 |
the use of stereovision is a natural way of determining the distance by the humans . the simplified model of human sight can be presented as two parallel cameras , and this | 1 |
nurse turnover is a costly problem that will continue as healthcare faces the impending nursing shortage ; a new generation of nurses enters the workforce , and incentives provided to nurses to | 1 |
infections of the human gastrointestinal tract with enteric pathogens are among the leading causes of disease , suffering , and death worldwide . enteric pathogens are ingested with contaminated water and food | 1 |
it has been well over 100 years since spines on dendrites of cerebellar purkinje cells of hen were first discovered by ramon y cajal in 1888 [ 1 , 2 ] . | 1 |
in the post - genomic era , emphasis is placed on understanding how various biological macromolecules specifically interact and assemble , either through protein protein or protein ligand associations , to orchestrate | 1 |
the neglected disease human african trypanosomiasis ( hat ) , or african sleeping sickness , is caused by two subspecies of the protozoan parasite trypanosoma brucei . if not successfully treated , | 1 |
akin to developments spurred by the rapid expansion of computer power around 2000 , the burgeoning capacity provided by programmable graphics processing units ( gpus ) has extended the utility of molecular | 1 |
the objective pursued in this note is to frame the research on the immune system as part of data science . such research is naturally complex and articulated and our contribution intends | 1 |
functional connectivity ( fc ) , broadly defined , is correlations between remote neurophysiological events . there are a number of approaches for the detection of fc from blood - oxygen level | 1 |
almost 40 years after the first report of their existence , intense activity aimed at the chemical synthesis of the chlorosulfolipids ( 15 , figure 1 ) began independently and essentially simultaneously | 1 |
latin america and the caribbean have the second highest urbanization level in the world . for every 13 persons there are in the region , 10 of them live in cities ( | 1 |
as energy demand of these muscle tissues varies by several orders of magnitude , energy metabolism has to be tightly regulated in order to meet varying energy requirement . in this review | 1 |
the spine can be involved in most inflammatory disorders encompassing rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) , seronegative spondyloarthritides ( spa ) , juvenile arthritides and less frequent disorders such as pustulotic arthro | 1 |
in the past two decades , interest in porphyrins with aromatically extended -systems has been steadily on the rise . today areas of their application encompass optical limiting , organic light - | 1 |
during the past 30 years , research in the theory of black holes in general relativity has brought to light strong hints of a very deep and fundamental relationship between gravitation , | 1 |
two of the most significant threats to the health of australian defence force ( adf ) personnel are vector - borne diseases such as malaria [ 13 ] and environmental or operational | 1 |
brachytherapy ( bt ) is an established treatment modality that places the radiation source within or in close contact with the patient . through the positioning of needles or applicators , it | 1 |
glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve ( on ) that is characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cell ( rgc ) somas and axons . in 2013 , | 1 |
in recent years , medical anthropologists have been turning their ethnographic attention to issues of science and technology , including how science is produced , where it is produced , by whom | 1 |
nalidixic acid a byproduct of chloroquine synthesis was marketed during the 1960s for oral treatment of urinary tract infections and is still available by prescription . several quinolones were invented since then | 1 |
contemporary methods in neuroscience research , ranging from multielectrode recordings , through optical imaging , to fmri , eeg and meg allow the collection of large volumes of multichannel data in a | 1 |
in mammalian organisms , the circadian machinery ( ie , the biological time - keeping mechanisms which maintain 24-hour oscillations in cellular and physiological processes ) is organized as a hierarchical , | 1 |
cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen which causes severe infections in immunocompromised individuals , for example , aids patients and patients going through organ transplantation.1 c. neoformans is surrounded by capsular polysaccharides | 1 |
cannabinoids are a unique family of terpenophenolic active constituents of cannabis sativa ; 9-tetrahydrocannabinol ( thc ) is the most relevant member , owing to its psychoactive effects and a wide variety | 1 |
the vli method allows an analyst to assess highly variable manual lifting jobs in which the task characteristics vary from lift to lift during a shift . the variability of task characteristics | 1 |
although shock is defined in terms of a critically low blood pressure , a more generally accepted and physiology - based definition of shock is : the inability of the circulation to | 1 |
targeted spontaneous reporting ( tsr ) is a novel method of pharmacovigilance that integrates elements from cohort event monitoring and spontaneous reporting.we found there is minimal information about facility characteristics that may | 1 |
since the herbicide glyphosate ( n-(phosphonomethyl)glycine ) was commercialized in 1974 , it has become the most widely used herbicide in the world , due largely to the wide scale adoption of | 1 |
ubiquitination is an important posttranslational modification that regulates diverse processes , including protein degradation , intracellular trafficking , transcription , kinase activation , and the dna damage response ( hershko and ciechanover | 1 |
aromatic ketones , aromatic aldehydes , -bromo acids and ethyl - vinyl ether were reagent grade and were purchased from sigma - aldrich or fluka . hydrochloric acid , subsequently washed with | 1 |
have been identified : endothelial nos ( enos , also referred as nos3 ) , neuronal nos ( nnos , also referred as nos1 ) , and inducible nos ( inos , | 1 |
this translocation juxtaposes the abl gene ( chromosome 9 ) and the bcr gene ( chromosome 22 ) , creating a bcr the resulting chimeric protein is a constitutively active abl tyrosine | 1 |
the mammalian intestinal tract comprises a highly complex population of microorganisms reaching up to 10 bacteria in the large intestine . starting off as a sterile system at birth , microbial colonization | 1 |
methods for analysis of cdna microarray data include those that cluster hierarchically by principles of self - organization or by k - means . these methods yield enormous amounts of information about | 1 |
in 2012 , the world health organization documented 8.6 million cases of tuberculosis , of which 450 000 were multidrug - resistant ( mdr tb ) ; of these , 171 000 | 1 |
stroke therapists perceive that self - management is appropriate for encouraging ownership of rehabilitation post stroke . these included : professional models , practices and expectations ; institutional demands and perceived wishes | 1 |
the indiana ao - oct system used in this study has been described by liu et al . relevant to this study , the ao - oct system used a single light | 1 |
as individuals reach middle age , their risk of experiencing major health problems increases dramatically . for example , 15 percent of males between 45 and 64 years of age suffer from | 1 |
constituents of the endocannabinoid biosignaling system include two principal cannabinoid g - protein - coupled receptors ( gpcrs ) 1 and 2 ( cb1r and cb2r , respectively ) , their main | 1 |
echinopines a and b ( 1 and 2 ) were isolated in 2008 from the roots of echinops spinosus and feature an unprecedented -membered - ring tetracyclic skeleton ( scheme 1 ) | 1 |
melting points were determined in open capillary tubes on a boetius melting point apparatus and are uncorrected . the h , c nmr , cosy , noesy , hsqc , hmbc spectra | 1 |
carpal tunnel syndrome ( cts ) is caused by median nerve ( mn ) compression at the wrist [ 1 , p. 67 ] the carpal tunnel ( ct ) is a | 1 |
a recent issue of nature described the problem of infertility in sub - saharan africa to be rampant on the continent.1 for the purpose of this discussion , we shall adopt as | 1 |
the role of animals in diverting mosquitoes from feeding on , and transmitting disease to humans has long been appreciated . the concept of diverting insect blood feeding from humans to other | 1 |
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( aids ) is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) . reverse transcriptase ( rt ) , protease ( pr ) , and | 1 |
in all domains of life , nucleotide - based second messengers allow a rapid integration of external and internal signals into fine - tuned regulatory pathways that control cellular responses to changing | 1 |
fungi form a large and heterogeneous eukaryotic group of living organisms characterized by their lack of photosynthetic pigment and their chitinous cell wall . it has been estimated that the fungal kingdom | 1 |
malaria remains one of the world 's leading causes of morbidity and mortality with an estimated 600 000 deaths and 200 million cases annually ( world health organization 2014 ) . there | 1 |
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