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in the search for metal - based chemotherapeutics with improved properties with respect to platinum - based drugs used in the clinic , ruthenium compounds have emerged as promising candidates . ruthenium | 1 |
the following electronic databases were searched using the scopus abstract and citation database : the cochrane library ( issue 1 , 2010 ) , medline , embase , science citation index expanded | 1 |
more than 15% of the world 's population has no access to safe drinking water ( cauchie et al . , 2014 ) . waterborne parasitic protozoan diseases with worldwide distribution , | 1 |
describes the array of chemical modifications on dna and histone proteins that dynamically regulate gene expression . the complex set of reversible post - translational modifications ( ptms ) that decorate histones | 1 |
proteins involved in chromatin modulation usually contain several functional regions that serve to recruit and tether binding partners , ultimately leading to the formation of large multiprotein complexes . a clear understanding | 1 |
the debate over the adequacy of current evolutionary theory has again moved center stage ( laland et al . , 2014 ) . in essence , this controversy is about how to | 1 |
in the following section it will be seen that we do not yet understand what determines the gravitational potentials within the universe on scales from galaxies upwards . one suggestion is that | 1 |
dementia is a complex , progressive neurodegenerative disease that is difficult for both health - care professionals and family caregivers to manage . currently , 500,000 canadians have alzheimer s disease and | 1 |
inositol phosphates are important intracellular messengers that play a vital role in many cellular functions including cell growth , migration , differentiation , apoptosis , and endocytosis . to facilitate biochemical investigations | 1 |
metabolic homeostasis is an essential condition to sustain life , and metabolic derangements are at the origin of several debilitating diseases . obesity , a pathological condition characterized by excessive accumulation of | 1 |
current endeavours to eliminate lymphatic filariasis have been hailed as a best buy in global health ( ottesen , 2008 , e317 ) and the most effective pro - poor public health | 1 |
patients are often admitted into the intensive care unit ( icu ) due to the need for mechanical ventilatory support using a ventilator . cardiopulmonary tests could benefit icu patients significantly , | 1 |
slavery ( dulosis ) is the most spectacular form of social parasitism in ants and one of the most unusual interspecific relationships in the animal world ( e.g. wheeler , 1910 ; | 1 |
the major current use of genomic technology by the military is collecting dna from present and former members of the military in order to facilitate the identification of remains . the collection | 1 |
there are two microinjection - based methods that can be used to measure the kinetics of mrna export in mammalian cells ; injection of in vitro synthesized mrna , or plasmid dna | 1 |
the era is characterized by rational worldviews and a unique self - identity , which were reflected in the philosophies that arose during this time , leading to the separation of the | 1 |
parenting interventions hold great promise for the promotion of healthy children , healthy families , and healthy societies , in ways that comprehensively impact the social , physical , and mental dimensions | 1 |
sphingoid - type bases that contain vicinal amino alcohols are key structural and functional components of the plasma membranes of nearly all eukaryotic cells . the sphingolipids that they form play a | 1 |
iron is an essential element for biological processes since it participates in multiple enzymatic reactions as a part of iron sulfur clusters , heme prosthetic groups , and other iron - containing | 1 |
neurotensin ( nt ) is a tridecapeptide ( glu - leu - tyr - glu - asn - lys - pro - arg - arg - pro - tyr - ile - | 1 |
the skeletal muscles of mammals account for 40% of body weight and for 25% of the basal metabolic rate ( rolfe and brown , 1997 ) . approximately half of this muscle | 1 |
together with temperature , pressure , and ionic strength , ph is one of the key parameters that determine the structure and dynamics of proteins in solution . most notably , many | 1 |
for all cells , regulation of gene expression is a fundamental mechanism for development , homeostasis , and adaptation to the environment . in eukaryotes , every step in the process of | 1 |
living with hiv is of daily concern for many south africans , and the challenges they face include adapting their lives to live with a chronic illness whilst continuing to achieve or | 1 |
demography is the study of human populations with reference to size , diversity , growth , age , and other characterizing statistics . epidemiology is the study of the incidence , distribution | 1 |
within the class of tetracycline antibiotics , viridicatumtoxin b ( 1 ) , viridicatumtoxin a ( 2 ) , and spirohexaline ( 3 ) ( chart 1 ) are unique in that | 1 |
transforming growth factor ( tgf ) is the prototype member of a highly evolutionary conserved secreted family of cytokines . the tgf family consists of tgf , activins , inhibins , nodals | 1 |
monoclonal antibodies have become attractive clinical anti - cancer drugs in the last 3 decades due to their targeting specificity and suitable pharmacokinetic properties . they are now a major focus for | 1 |
with the absence of a satisfactory quantum theory of gravity , a major puzzle in theoretical physics still remains unsolved . this article contains an overview and a comprehensive bibliography of past | 1 |
protein synthesis is catalyzed by the ribosome in a process that consists of initiation , elongation , and termination . in bacteria , three initiation factors ( if1 , if2 , if3 | 1 |
mothers and infants form a biological and social unit ; they also share problems of malnutrition and ill - health [ who , infant and young child nutrition : global strategy on | 1 |
conventional scanning transmission electron microscopy ( stem ) is limited by the range of specimens appropriate for analysis , specifically the dry and solid samples suitable for placement in a high vacuum | 1 |
although the role of vaccines in mitigating morbidity and mortality attributable to infectious diseases in modern times is indisputable , we are witnessing a reemergence of infectious diseases previously declared eliminated in | 1 |
the twentieth century was notable for the eradication of epidemics that had hitherto obliterated large numbers of mankind . this success was realised through widespread vaccination , the introduction of effective antibiotics | 1 |
existing theories of public involvement embody certain assumptions and hypotheses about what public involvement interventions are made of ( their principal components ) and how they are expected to work ( their | 1 |
recent estimates suggest that in 2009 as many as 271 million people participated in drug use at least once worldwide , reflecting nearly 1 in 20 people aged between 1564 years of | 1 |
( r)-n - benzyl 2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide ( lacosamide , ( r)-1 ) is a first - in - class antiseizure drug ( asd ) that is marketed worldwide for adjunctive treatment of partial | 1 |
breast cancer is the most common cause of death in female cancer sufferers in both developed and developing countries . the exact cause(s ) of the majority of breast cancers still remains | 1 |
nek2 is a serine / threonine kinase that plays a key role in cell division . it localizes to the centrosome and regulates spindle pole organization and separation through phosphorylation of substrates | 1 |
hilar cholangiocarcinoma , or klatskin tumor , is the most common malignant tumor affecting the extrahepatic bile duct . only a very few patients with unresectable , indolent , and slow - | 1 |
the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) stress response is a cytoprotective mechanism activated in response to proteotoxic burden and is crucial for homeostatic regulation . disruption in the stoichiometric balance , transport | 1 |
systems biology is an emerging academic field aiming at system - level understanding of biological systems . recent progress in molecular biology has enabled us to gain information on the interactions among | 1 |
globally , the prevalence of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections ( stis ) is disproportionately higher among transgender women ( tw ) , particularly ethnic minority and younger tw . because | 1 |
photoswitchable glycoconjugates have recently received increasing attention for their potential of spatial and temporal control of carbohydrate recognition . this is because photoisomerization of such sweet switches allows for a reversible shifting | 1 |
several neuropsychiatric disorders , including parkinson s disease , huntington s disease , attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) , tourette s syndrome , schizophrenia , and obsessive - compulsive | 1 |
toll - like receptor 4 ( tlr4 ) is a mammalian transmembrane receptor protein which , in complex with a myeloid differentiation factor 2 ( md-2 ) , detects picomolar concentrations of | 1 |
proper levels of tyrosine phosphorylation , maintained by the reversible and coordinated actions of protein tyrosine kinases ( ptks ) and protein tyrosine phosphatases ( ptps ) , are critical for a | 1 |
model - based drug development represents an invaluable resource in pharmaceutical research and development . the recent introduction of regulatory requirements for the development of medicines for children will have a far | 1 |
molecular oxygen ( o2 ) is required for aerobic metabolism to maintain intracellular bioenergetics and serves as an electron acceptor in many biochemical reactions . ambient air contains 21% of o2 ; | 1 |
it is clear that weight gain is a ubiquitous side effect of antipsychotic drugs ( apds ; allison et al . , 1999 ) and that apds are also associated with an | 1 |
the motion of a point electric charge in flat spacetime was the subject of active investigation since the early work of lorentz , abrahams , and poincar , until dirac produced a | 0 |
since their discovery more than 70 years ago , wittig rearrangements have evolved into powerful tools for the isomerization of -metalated ethers into alkoxides . wittig rearrangements can proceed through a concerted | 0 |
black hole - neutron star ( bh - ns ) binaries are believed to be formed as a result of two supernovae in a massive binary system ( see for an alternative | 0 |
it is known since the work of bardeen , bekenstein , carter and hawking [ 42 , 32 , 162 ] that black holes are thermodynamical systems equipped with a temperature and | 0 |
it is my pleasure to review progress in numerical relativity based upon characteristic evolution . in the spirit of living reviews in relativity , we are now in an era in which | 0 |
equilibrium black - hole solutions to einstein s equations have been known since the advent of general relativity . the most obvious reason such solutions are of physical interest is the expectation | 0 |
binaries composed of neutron stars ( nss ) and black holes ( bhs ) have long been of interest to astrophysicists . they provide many important constraints for models of massive star | 0 |
the rare sugar 2-acetamido-2-deoxyfucose ( fucnac ) is a constituent monosaccharide of several bacterial capsular polysaccharides ( cps ) . both d- and l - enantiomers are found in nature , and | 0 |
the purity of new tested compounds was determined to be 95% by analytical hplc . hplc analyses were carried out on a waters 2695 alliance module equipped with a waters 2996 photodiode | 0 |
numerical investigations of cosmological spacetimes can be categorized into two broad classes of calculations , distinguished by their computational goals : ( 1 ) geometrical and mathematical principles of cosmological models , | 0 |
sunlight is the most abundant renewable energy resource and underpins life on our planet . nature has evolved complex photosynthetic processes to harvest this light for the generation of chemical energy . | 0 |
glucocorticoids ( gcs ) are among the most effective drugs used in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies of the lymphoid lineage in virtue of their ability to induce apoptosis of these cancerous | 0 |
dietary sugar intake , in the form of sucrose or high - fructose corn syrup ( hfcs ) , has dramatically increased and correlates with a rise in obesity , metabolic syndrome | 0 |
toxicological risk assessment has historically relied on the use of animal models which , though fundamental in the life sciences , are also linked with shortcomings such as inconsistent translatability to humans | 0 |
the search for new antibacterial compounds is a challenging task as bacteria are continuously developing resistance to antimicrobial compounds ; however , infections due to such bacterial strains are infrequent although potentially | 0 |
the innate immune response is the first line of defense against microbial pathogens such as viruses , bacteria , fungi , and protozoa . a critical component of the innate immune response | 0 |
to evaluate neuroradiological features of mps , including brain abnormal signal intensity and atrophy . the mucopolysaccharidoses ( mps ) are a group of heritable lysosomal storage disorders caused by a deficiency | 0 |
is an effort to manipulate the metabolism of an organism worthy and reasonable , knowing that this cellular process has been continuously modified and refined through evolution and natural selection for adapting | 0 |
this mixed - methods study ( yin , 2003 ) seeks to more accurately identify perceptions of acceptance for various age- , race- , and sexual identity - based segments of the | 0 |
the latrunculins constitute a family of macrolide natural products isolated from the taxologically unique marine sponges cacospongia mycofijiensis and negombata magnifica ( figure 1 ) that have been widely studied given of | 0 |
the tetracycline class of antibacterial agents has seen widespread clinical use for over 50 years due to its broad spectrum antibacterial activity.(1 ) tetracyclines inhibit bacterial growth by preventing protein biosynthesis through | 0 |
the heat shock protein 70 ( hsp70 ) is a molecular chaperone which plays an important function in protein homeostasis as well as in cell signaling and survival . some of its | 0 |
pregnancy and the postpartum can be times of joy and positive expectations but also of stress and difficulties . pregnancy and delivery bring many physiological and psychosocial changes , and both mothers | 0 |
taken together , malaria ( caused by plasmodium species ) , human african trypanosomiasis ( hat , caused by trypanosoma brucei ) , chagas disease ( caused by t. cruzi ) , | 0 |
methods for ether synthesis are overwhelmingly based upon the attack of nucleophilic oxygen on electrophilic carbon . our lab has been interested in expanding the scope of an umpoled strategy based upon | 0 |
since their discovery in 1967 , radio pulsars have provided insights into physics on length scales covering the range from 1 m ( giant pulses from the crab pulsar ) to 10 | 0 |
the tumor suppressor function of p53 is compromised in essentially all human cancers . in about half of human cancers , tp53 , the gene encoding p53 protein , is mutated or | 0 |
leishmaniasis is a debilitating disease that is prevalent across the globe with 350 million people in 88 countries at risk of acquiring leishmaniasis . a recent effort by the world health organization | 0 |
the endocrine cells of the pancreas , located in the islets of langerhans , are responsible for blood glucose homeostasis , secreting hormones with differing and even opposing effects on blood glucose | 0 |
according to the 2014 report from the world health organization , 39% of the world 's adult population is overweight , and 13% is obese . in the near future an important | 0 |
in particular , osteoimmunology investigates how the immune system impacts on bone turnover in physiological and pathological conditions through the immunoskeletal interface . researchers recently hav - egained better understanding of the | 0 |
the columnar organization of neocortex at the minicolumnar ( 2050 m ) and macrocolumnar ( 300600 m ) scales has long been known ( see mountcastle , 1997 ; horton and adams | 0 |
micrornas ( mirnas ) play a key role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by guiding the association between the rna - induced silencing complex ( risc ) and target rnas | 0 |
the gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract contains a multitude of regulatory peptides that transmit information not only to the intestine and associated organs , but to other systems , such as the | 0 |
molecular simulations of biomolecules are expressions of their underlying force fields , sampling the interactions of chemically bonded atoms through newtonian approximations of the quantum systems . the typical model , given | 0 |
epigenetics are widely implicated in tumor initiation and progression by different modifications of dna and histones . there is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the importance of histone modification in silencing | 0 |
relativistic thermodynamics is needed , because in relativity the mass of a body depends on how hot it is and the temperature is not necessarily homogeneous in equilibrium . but unlike classical | 0 |
it was a blend of 19th century american metaphysical culture . in that cultural milieu , metaphysics had to do with the individual and universe communing through energetic and spiritual harmony . | 0 |
lung cancer is the most deadly cancer disease with an estimated 27% of all cancer deaths , . a large part of patients with lung cancer undergoes radiotherapy . tracking tumor motion | 0 |
anxiety and depression have strong and independent associations with the mental health domain in cancer patients . studies depict that cancer patients with a low level of optimism and a high level | 0 |
the amide bond is widely prevalent in both naturally occurring and synthetic compounds . it is increasingly important in pharmaceutical chemistry , being present in 25% of available drugs , with amidation | 0 |
the opioid receptors ( , , , and the opioid - like receptor orl-1 ) belong to the super family of g - protein coupled receptors ( gpcrs ) that possess seven | 0 |
the udder is the milk - producing organ of dairy animals ; hence , for optimal production , it should be healthy . mastitis is the inflammatory response of the mammary gland | 0 |
p - glycoprotein ( p - gp , abcb1 or mdr1 ) is a cell membrane atp - binding cassette ( abc ) transporter that is linked with the development of multidrug | 0 |
targeted drug delivery guided by molecular imaging approaches is a burgeoning area of clinical research , particularly for the treatment of cancer . this approach involves an optimized delivery of a therapeutic | 0 |
a great variety of animal viruses encode for proteases that accomplish crucial functions during the biological cycle of the virus . usually , the main function of these proteases is to proteolyze | 0 |
on the somewhat nominal date of 31 october 2011 , the world human population was deemed to have reached 7 billion ( 7 10 ) , prompting speculation as to whether everyone | 0 |
tumor - associated cell cycle defects , manifesting in unscheduled proliferation , and the associated genomic and chromosomal instabilities are mediated by misregulation of cyclin - dependent kinases ( cdks ) . | 0 |
in previous papers , we have shown that heteroatom - substituted chiral [ d1]methyllithiums , the smallest organometallic compounds , can be prepared in homochiral form by tin lithium exchange from the | 0 |
the development of efficient catalytic methods for the formation of bonds between main group elements is of considerable interest for the continued development of main group chemistry . such processes enable new | 0 |
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