text stringlengths 11 1.65k | source stringlengths 38 44 |
|---|---|
Alfredo Andreini (27 July 1870, in Florence – 11 December 1943, in Lippiano) was an Italian physician and entomologist. He carried out a large collection of insects collected in particular from Cape Verde (1908) and in Libya (1913) and Eritrea. He collaborated with the zoological museum La Specola. In geometry, he enum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8799882 |
Jet (fluid) A jet is a stream of fluid that is projected into a surrounding medium, usually from some kind of a nozzle, aperture or orifice. Jets can travel long distances without dissipating. Jet fluid has higher momentum compared to the surrounding fluid medium. In the case that the surrounding medium is assumed to b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8815697 |
Thermo-hygrograph A thermo-hygrograph or hygrothermograph is a chart recorder that measures and records both temperature and humidity (or dew point). Similar devices that record only one parameter are a thermograph for temperature and hygrograph for humidity. Thermographs where the variations are recorded using photogr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8838269 |
John Robert Anderson (chemist) John Robert Anderson (5 March 1928 – 26 February 2007) was an Australian chemist whose research specialised on materials science. Anderson served as Chief of the Division of Material Sciences at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation from 1970 to 1978. He attende... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8845939 |
Ponderomotive energy In strong-field laser physics, ponderomotive energy is the cycle-averaged quiver energy of a free electron in an electromagnetic field. The ponderomotive energy is given by where formula_2 is the electron charge, formula_3 is the linearly polarised electric field amplitude, formula_4 is the laser c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8853472 |
Ostriker–Peebles criterion In astronomy, the Ostriker–Peebles criterion, named after its discoverers Jeremiah Ostriker and Jim Peebles, describes the formation of barred galaxies. The rotating disc of a spiral galaxy, consisting of stars and solar systems, may become unstable in a way that the stars in the outer parts ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8854508 |
International Congress of Quantum Chemistry The (ICQC), is an international conference dedicated to the field of quantum chemistry. It is organized by the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science. The first conference was held from July 4-10, 1973 in Menton, France. The first conference marked the "50th anniv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8865790 |
Axenic In biology, axenic describes the state of a culture in which only a single species, variety, or strain of organism is present and entirely free of all other contaminating organisms. The earliest axenic cultures were of bacteria or unicellular eukaryotes, but axenic cultures of many multicellular organisms are al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8868378 |
Axenic Such "contaminating" organisms will grow on the plate during this period, identifying cultures that are no longer axenic. As axenic cultures are derived from very few organisms, or even a single individual, they are useful because the organisms present within them share a relatively narrow gene pool. In the case... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8868378 |
Bo Lawergren is a Professor Emeritus of Physics at Hunter College, The City University of New York. He received his PhD in Nuclear physics from the Australian National University of Canberra, Australia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8872282 |
Kirchhoff equations In fluid dynamics, the Kirchhoff equations, named after Gustav Kirchhoff, describe the motion of a rigid body in an ideal fluid. where formula_2 and formula_3 are the angular and linear velocity vectors at the point formula_4, respectively; formula_5 is the moment of inertia tensor, formula_6 is the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8884972 |
Jules-Émile Verschaffelt (27 January 1870, Ghent – 22 December 1955) was a Belgian physicist. He worked at Kamerlingh Onnes's laboratory in Leiden from 1894 to 1906 and once again from 1914 to 1923. From 1906 to 1914 he worked at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and from 1923 to 1940 at the Ghent University. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8887225 |
NGC 4194 NGC 4194, the Medusa merger, is a pair of interacting galaxies in the constellation Ursa Major. A region of extreme star formation across exists in the center of the Eye of Medusa, the central gas-rich region. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8893870 |
BioCyc database collection The is an assortment of organism specific Pathway/ Genome Databases (PGDBs). They provide reference to genome and metabolic pathway information for thousands of organisms. As of December 2016, there are 9300 databases within BioCyc. SRI International, based in Menlo Park, California, maintain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8894516 |
BioCyc database collection Software Tools within BioCyc: The BioCyc website contains a variety of software tools for searching, visualizing, comparing, and analyzing genome and pathway information. It includes a genome browser, and browsers for metabolic and regulatory networks. The website also includes tools for pain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8894516 |
William D. Francis William Douglas Francis (6 March 1889 – 2 January 1959) was a notable Australian botanist. Born in Bega, New South Wales, at the age of 17 he moved with his father Alfred, and brother Frederick, from Wollongong, New South Wales, where he attended Wollongong Superior Public School, to Kin Kin, Queensl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8899030 |
Corona poling is a technique in optoelectronics. Corona discharge is a partial breakdown of air, usually at atmospheric pressure, and is initiated by a discharge in an inhomogeneous electric field (see Figure 1). Corona discharge has been used to pole films of electro-optic materials to enhance their electro-optic prop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8906641 |
Miguel Ángel Virasoro (physicist) Miguel Ángel Virasoro (; born 1940 in Argentina) is an Argentine physicist who has done most of his work in Italy. The Shapiro–Virasoro model, the Virasoro algebra, the Virasoro constraint, and the Virasoro minimal model are named after him. Together with Giorgio Parisi and Marc Mézard... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8911332 |
Helix–coil transition model Helix–coil transition models are formalized techniques in statistical mechanics developed to describe conformations of linear polymers in solution. The models are usually but not exclusively applied to polypeptides as a measure of the relative fraction of the molecule in an alpha helix confo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8914599 |
Racah parameter When an atom has more than one electron there will be some electrostatic repulsion between those electrons. The amount of repulsion varies from atom to atom, depending upon the number and spin of the electrons and the orbitals they occupy. The total repulsion can be expressed in terms of three parameter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8921722 |
Modulation sphere The or M-space formulation is a scheme or theory representing the system of effects of phase modulation and amplitude modulation as applied together on a carrier wave. The relations between both modulations on the carrier are also accounted for. The modulation sphere representation relates three varia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8921792 |
South wind A south wind is a wind that originates in the south and blows north. Words used in English to describe the south wind are auster, buster (a violent south gale), föhn/foehn (alps), gibli (Libya with various spellings), friagem (a cold south wind blowing into Brazil from the Antarctic), khamsin (a hot spring w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8923963 |
West wind A west wind is a wind that blows from the west, in an eastward direction. In European tradition, it has usually been considered the mildest and most favorable of the directional winds. In Greek mythology, Zephyrus was the personification of the west wind and the bringer of light spring and early summer breeze... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8924055 |
Hamed Gohar Prof. Hamed Abdel Fattah Goher (11/14 1907-1992) () was an Egyptian oceanographer, scientist and TV presenter. He appeared for over 18 years in his program 'The world of the seas'. He was not married and dedicated his life to the sea. Gohar initiated the first full-scale research in ocean studies in Egypt a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8934164 |
Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project The (POST) is a field project of the Census of Marine Life that researches the behavior of marine animals through the use of ocean telemetry and data management systems. This system of telemetry consists of highly efficient lines of acoustic receivers that create sections of the con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8939340 |
Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis Prompt-gamma neutron activation analysis (PGAA) is a very widely applicable technique for determining the presence and amount of many elements simultaneously in samples ranging in size from micrograms to many grams. It is a non-destructive method, and the chemical form and shape... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8943611 |
List of polar-ring galaxies The following table lists polar-ring galaxies: Some galaxies feature a "polar ring" within the disk of the galaxy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8949362 |
Cloud Appreciation Society The is a society founded by Gavin Pretor-Pinney from the United Kingdom in January 2005. The society aims to foster understanding and appreciation of clouds, and has over 50,000 members worldwide from 120 different countries, as of March 2020. Yahoo! named the society's website as "the most w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8964357 |
Transfer-matrix method In statistical mechanics, the transfer-matrix method is a mathematical technique which is used to write the partition function into a simpler form. It was introduced in 1941 by Hans Kramers and Gregory Wannier. In many one dimensional lattice models, the partition function is first written as an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8964423 |
Transfer-matrix method The transfer-matrix method is used when the total system can be broken into a "sequence" of subsystems that interact only with adjacent subsystems. For example, a three-dimensional cubical lattice of spins in an Ising model can be decomposed into a sequence of two-dimensional planar lattices of s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8964423 |
Vegard's law In crystallography, materials science and metallurgy, is an empirical finding (heuristic approach) resembling the rule of mixtures. In 1921, Vegard discovered that the lattice parameter of a solid solution of two constituents is approximately a weighted mean of the two constituents' lattice parameters at t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8981301 |
Vegard's law In many binary semiconducting systems, the band gap in semiconductors is approximately a linear function of the lattice parameter. Therefore, if the lattice parameter of a semiconducting system follows Vegard's law, one can also write a linear relationship between the band gap and composition. Using as bef... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8981301 |
Erich Maren Schlaikjer (; November 22, 1905 in Newtown, Ohio – November 5, 1972) was an American geologist and dinosaur hunter. Assisting Barnum Brown, he co-described "Pachycephalosaurus" and what is now "Montanoceratops". Other discoveries include "Miotapirus" and a new species of "Mesohippus". Erich attended Harvard... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8991562 |
Authigenesis is the process whereby a mineral or sedimentary rock deposit is generated where it is found or observed. Such deposits are described as authigenic. Authigenic sedimentary minerals form during sedimentation by precipitation or recrystallization instead of being transported from elsewhere (allogenic) by wate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9004520 |
Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research The is a scientific laboratory studying the cloud processes that produce lightning, hail, and rain, located in the Magdalena Mountains of central New Mexico in the United States. The lab is operated by the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (NM Tech) with funding ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9005363 |
NGC 6027 is a lenticular galaxy that is the brightest member of Seyfert's Sextet, a compact group of galaxies. Édouard Stephan discovered the galaxy in 1882. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007003 |
SNP genotyping is the measurement of genetic variations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between members of a species. It is a form of genotyping, which is the measurement of more general genetic variation. SNPs are one of the most common types of genetic variation. A SNP is a single base pair mutation at a sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping The process can be vastly automated and encompasses a few simple principles. In the first step, a genomic segment is amplified and attached to a bead through a PCR reaction with a biotinylated primer. In the second step, the amplified product is attached to a streptavidin column and washed with NaOH to r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping The molecule is also engineered such that only the probe sequence is complementary to the genomic DNA that will be used in the assay (Abravaya et al. 2003). If the probe sequence of the molecular beacon encounters its target genomic DNA during the assay, it will anneal and hybridize. Because of the lengt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping Finally, if both wavelengths are detected, then both molecular beacons must be hybridizing to their complements and thus the individual must contain both alleles and be heterozygous. In high-density oligonucleotide SNP arrays, hundreds of thousands of probes are arrayed on a small chip, allowing for many... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping SNP-RFLP makes use of the many different restriction endonucleases and their high affinity to unique and specific restriction sites. By performing a digestion on a genomic sample and determining fragment lengths through a gel assay it is possible to ascertain whether or not the enzymes cut the expected r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping The two primer pairs are also designed such that their PCR products are of a significantly different length allowing for easily distinguishable bands by gel electrophoresis or melt temperature analysis. In examining the results, if a genomic sample is homozygous, then the PCR products that result will be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping The first probe, called the Invader oligonucleotide is complementary to the 3’ end of the target DNA. The last base of the Invader oligonucleotide is a non-matching base that overlaps the SNP nucleotide in the target DNA. The second probe is an allele-specific probe which is complementary to the 5’ end o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping However, in its original format, only one SNP allele could be interrogated per reaction sample and it required a large amount of target DNA to generate a detectable signal in a reasonable time frame. Several developments have extended the original Invader assay. By carrying out secondary FEN cleavage rea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping Because primer extension is based on the highly accurate DNA polymerase enzyme, the method is generally very reliable. Primer extension is able to genotype most SNPs under very similar reaction conditions making it also highly flexible. The primer extension method is used in a number of assay formats. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping If the target DNA does not contain an allele complementary to the probe's 3’ base, the target DNA will produce a mismatch at the 3’ end of the probe and DNA polymerase will not be able to extend from the 3' end of the probe. The benefit of the second approach is that several labeled dNTPs may get incorpo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping Comparatively, APEX methods have greater discriminating power than methods using this differential hybridization, as it is often impossible to obtain the optimal hybridization conditions for the thousands of probes on DNA microarrays (usually this is addressed by having highly redundant probes). However,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping The TaqMan assay is performed concurrently with a PCR reaction and the results can be read in real-time as the PCR reaction proceeds (McGuigan & Ralston 2002). The assay requires forward and reverse PCR primers that will amplify a region that includes the SNP polymorphic site. Allele discrimination is ac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping However, since each SNP requires a distinct probe, the TaqMan assay is limited by the how close the SNPs can be situated. The scale of the assay can be drastically increased by performing many simultaneous reactions in microtitre plates. Generally, TaqMan is limited to applications that involve interroga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping With appropriate sequences and tags on the oligonucleotides, high-throughput sequence data can be generated from the ligated products and genotypes determined (Curry et al., 2012). The use of large numbers of sample indexes allows high-throughput sequence data on hundreds of SNPs in thousands of samples ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping This method is widely used because it is technically simple, relatively inexpensive and uses commonly available equipment. However compared to other methods, the sensitivity of this assay is lower. It has been found that the ssDNA conformation is highly dependent on temperature and it is not generally ap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping If the target DNA has a distinct allele, four products will form following the reannealing step; homoduplexes consisting of target DNA, homoduplexes consisting of normal DNA and two heterduplexes of each strand of target DNA hybridized with the normal DNA strand. These four products will have distinct me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping If the target DNA contains a different SNP allele than the normal DNA fragment, heteroduplexes of the target DNA and normal DNA containing a mismatched polymorphic site will form in addition to homoduplexes. The mismatched heteroduplexes will have a different melting temperature than the homoduplexes and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping Either you position the primers very close to either side of the SNP in question (small amplicon genotyping, Liew, 2004) or amplify a larger region (100-400bp in length) for scanning purposes. For simple genotyping of an SNP, it is easier to just make the amplicon small to minimize the chances you mistak... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
SNP genotyping DNA mismatch-binding proteins can distinguish single nucleotide mismatches and thus facilitate differential analysis of SNPs. For example, MutS protein from "Thermus aquaticus" binds different single nucleotide mismatches with different affinities and can be used in capillary electrophoresis to different... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9007251 |
Center of Astronomy (Heidelberg University) The Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (Center for Astronomy of Heidelberg University) in Heidelberg, Germany, founded in 2005, is an association of three, formerly state-run research institutes: the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, the Institut für Theoretische... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9009428 |
Swazian The is a poorly defined geological stage in South Africa extending from about four billion years ago to 3 billion years ago , encompassing some of the Hadean and much of the Archean on the Geologic time scale. Other scales assign the to parts of the Paleoarchean and Mesoarchean, 3.5 to 2.8 billion years ago. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9027028 |
Porth (crater) Porth is a crater on the planet Mars. It is named after the town of Porth, Rhondda Cynon Taff, south Wales, United Kingdom. It is located at 21.4°N, 255.9°W and has a diameter of 9.3 kilometers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9033245 |
ChaNGa (Charm N-body GrAvity solver) is a computer program to perform collisionless "N"-body simulations. It can perform cosmological simulations with periodic boundary conditions in comoving coordinates or simulations of isolated stellar systems. It is based on the Barnes–Hut algorithm and uses Ewald summation for per... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9041863 |
Gravit is a free and open-source gravity simulator distributed under the GNU General Public License. The program is available for all major operating systems, including Linux and other Unix-like systems, Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. uses the Barnes–Hut algorithm to simulate the "n"-body problem. is a gravity simulat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9044034 |
Planar deformation features Planar deformation features, or PDFs, are optically recognizable microscopic features in grains of silicate minerals (usually quartz or feldspar), consisting of very narrow planes of glassy material arranged in parallel sets that have distinct orientations with respect to the grain's crystal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9051115 |
George Isaak George Richard Isaak (7 March 1933 – 5 June 2005) was a Polish Australian physicist, an important figure in the development of helio- and asteroseismology. Isaak was born in Poland on 7 March 1933. His family moved to Germany after the Second World War and to Australia in 1950. Isaak studied at the Univers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9053320 |
George Isaak In many ways ahead of his time, Isaak also devoted efforts to observation of these 'solar like' observations in other stars, a science now known as Asteroseismology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9053320 |
Rudolf Felder (2 May 1842 in Vienna – 29 March 1871 in Vienna) was an Austrian jurist and entomologist. He was mainly interested in Lepidoptera, amassing, with his father, Cajetan Felder, a huge collection. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9054249 |
Clab The Clab, also known as "Centralt mellanlager för använt kärnbränsle" (Swedish for 'Central holding storage for spent nuclear fuel') is an interim radioactive waste repository located about 25 kilometers north of Oskarshamn Nuclear Power Plant and is owned by Oskarshamnsverkets Kraftgrupp AB (OKG), in Oskarshamn. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9054351 |
Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) is a species of "Orthohantavirus". Humans infected with the virus may develop a haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) known as nephropathia epidemica. "Puumala orthohantavirus" HFRS is lethal in less than 0.5% of the cases. Rarely, PUUV infection can cause Guillain-Barré syndrome.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9054715 |
Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer (22 December 1831, Vienna – 15 January 1897, Vienna) was an Austrian entomologist. He was a curator at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, where he was the first keeper of the Lepidoptera. Rogenhofer was mainly interested in Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera. Beside him Josef Mann (1804-1889) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9056359 |
Geoforecasting is the science of predicting the movement of tectonic plates and the future climate, shape, and other geological elements of the planet. is particularly important in the siting of depositories for radioactive materials. It also is useful in other areas with long term management issues such as water manag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9056438 |
Nigel Savery Prof. is Professor of Molecular Biologist at the University of Bristol. During his time researching and lecturing at the University of Bristol, Dr Savery has made significant contributions to the field of transcription and DNA-damage recognition and repair. Understanding how proteins interact with DNA is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9059122 |
Yttrium lithium fluoride (LiYF, sometimes abbreviated YLF) is a birefringent crystal, typically doped with neodymium and used as a gain medium in solid-state lasers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9065728 |
Peter John Wyllie (born 8 February 1930, in London, England) is a British petrologist and academic. He was Professor of Geology at the California Institute of Technology from 1983 until his retirement in 1999. Prior to this, he held positions at the University of St Andrews (1955–56), Pennsylvania State University (195... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9076272 |
Buckley–Leverett equation In fluid dynamics, the is a conservation equation used to model two-phase flow in porous media. The or the Buckley–Leverett "displacement" describes an immiscible displacement process, such as the displacement of oil by water, in a one-dimensional or quasi-one-dimensional reservoir. This equat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9089819 |
Antagonism (chemistry) Chemical antagonists impede the normal function of a system. They function to invert the effects of other molecules. The effects of antagonists can be seen after they have encountered an agonist, and as a result, the effects of the agonist is neutralized. Antagonists such as dopamine antagonist s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9095203 |
Antagonism (chemistry) Experiments with different combinations show that binary mixtures of phenolics can lead to either a synergetic antioxidant effect or to an antagonistic effect. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9095203 |
New England Biolabs (NEB) produces and supplies recombinant and native enzyme reagents for the life science research, as well as providing solutions supporting genome editing, synthetic biology and next-generation sequencing. NEB also provides free access to research tools such as REBASE, InBASE, and Polbase. The compa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9096236 |
New England Biolabs As company policy, all scientists and some executives must work at least one day per month on the customer support telephone line, answering technical support questions about the company's products. Sir Richard John Roberts is the company's Chief Scientific Officer. He shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9096236 |
New England Biolabs The product delivers a one day, automatable genotyping workflow for a variety of applications in Agricultural biotechnology. In January 2020, NEB signed an agreement with ERS Genomics Limited that gave NEB rights to sell CRISPR/Cas9 tools and reagents, used for gene editing. developed a colorimetric... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9096236 |
New England Biolabs To enable point-of-use sales of its reagents, NEB created a digital interface for enzyme-housing freezers to be used at customer storage sites, through a partnership with Ionia Corp. and Salesforce.com. The data is used by the company for both sales logistics and as a part of future enzyme research ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9096236 |
Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt (6 August 1920 – 4 November 1998) was a Belgian geologist who worked mainly in Africa. He worked at the universities of Ghent and Brussels. He gained international fame in 1960 when he discovered the Ishango Bone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9098327 |
Leverett J-function In petroleum engineering, the Leverett "J"-function is a dimensionless function of water saturation describing the capillary pressure, where formula_2 is the water saturation measured as a fraction, formula_3 is the capillary pressure (in pascal), formula_4 is the permeability (measured in m²), form... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9105584 |
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution. Despite the complexity of the science, there are certain unifying concepts that consolidate it into a single, cohere... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology Since the advent of the scientific era, reanalyzable as a compound using the combining forms bio + logy. The term "biology" is derived from the Greek word , "vios", "life" and the suffix , "-logia", "study of." The Latin-language form of the term first appeared in 1736 when Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus (Carl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology However, the origins of modern biology and its approach to the study of nature are most often traced back to ancient Greece. While the formal study of medicine dates back to Pharaonic Egypt, it was Aristotle (384–322 BC) who contributed most extensively to the development of biology. Especially important are hi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology In the early 19th century, a number of biologists pointed to the central importance of the cell. Then, in 1838, Schleiden and Schwann began promoting the now universal ideas that (1) the basic unit of organisms is the cell and (2) that individual cells have all the characteristics of life, although they opposed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology He posited that evolution was the result of environmental stress on properties of animals, meaning that the more frequently and rigorously an organ was used, the more complex and efficient it would become, thus adapting the animal to its environment. Lamarck believed that these acquired traits could then be pas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology From the 1950s to the present times, biology has been vastly extended in the molecular domain. The genetic code was cracked by Har Gobind Khorana, Robert W. Holley and Marshall Warren Nirenberg after DNA was understood to contain codons. Finally, the Human Genome Project was launched in 1990 with the goal of ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology The theory of evolution postulates that all organisms on the Earth, both living and extinct, have descended from a common ancestor or an ancestral gene pool. This universal common ancestor of all organisms is believed to have appeared about 3.5 billion years ago. Biologists regard the ubiquity of the genetic co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology These include the comparisons of DNA sequences, a product of molecular biology (more particularly genomics), and comparisons of fossils or other records of ancient organisms, a product of paleontology. Biologists organize and analyze evolutionary relationships through various methods, including phylogenetics, p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology DNA is found as linear chromosomes in eukaryotes, and circular chromosomes in prokaryotes. A chromosome is an organized structure consisting of DNA and histones. The set of chromosomes in a cell and any other hereditary information found in the mitochondria, chloroplasts, or other locations is collectively know... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology Chemical reactions that are responsible for its structure and function are tuned to extract energy from substances that act as its food and transform them to help form new cells and sustain them. In this process, molecules of chemical substances that constitute food play two roles; first, they contain energy th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology This field overlaps with other areas of biology, particularly those of genetics and biochemistry. Molecular biology is a study of the interactions of the various systems within a cell, including the interrelationships of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis and how those interactions are regulated. The next larger s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology Developmental biology studies the process by which organisms grow and develop. Developmental biology, originated from embryology, studies the genetic control of cell growth, cellular differentiation, and "cellular morphogenesis," which is the process that progressively gives rise to tissues, organs, and anatomy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology Physiology is the study the interaction of how, for example, the nervous, immune, endocrine, respiratory, and circulatory systems, function and interact. The study of these systems is shared with such medically oriented disciplines as neurology and immunology. Evolutionary research is concerned with the origin ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology Traditionally, living things have been divided into five kingdoms: Monera; Protista; Fungi; Plantae; Animalia. However, many scientists now consider this five-kingdom system outdated. Modern alternative classification systems generally begin with the three-domain system: Archaea (originally Archaebacteria); Bac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology The dominant classification system is called the Linnaean taxonomy. It includes ranks and binomial nomenclature. How organisms are named is governed by international agreements such as the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology An organism shares an environment that includes other organisms and biotic factors as well as local abiotic factors (non-living) such as climate and ecology. One reason that biological systems can be difficult to study is that so many different interactions with other organisms and the environment are possible,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology In one sense, the first modern ethologist was Charles Darwin, whose book, "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals," influenced many ethologists to come. Biogeography studies the spatial distribution of organisms on the Earth, focusing on such topics as plate tectonics, climate change, dispersal and m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Biology is an area of science with numerous subdisciplines that are concerned with all aspects of life, in fact all aspects of modern human life. That said, there are countless career options, ranging from basic science to industrial or agricultural applications. These are the main branches of biology: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
Lopolith A lopolith is a large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region. Lopoliths are generally concordant with the intruded strata with dike or funnel-shaped feeder bodies below the body. The term was first defined and used by Frank Fitch Grout during the early 1900s in describin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9137006 |
Dopplergraph A dopplergraph (dopplergram) is a two dimensional representation of the approaching and receding motions of an object or area. The word dopplergraph is a combination of the words doppler and photograph. Dopplergraphs are two-dimensional records of variations in the doppler shift in light intensity. Doppler... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9144140 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.