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Hypothetical list of biota A hypothetical list of biota, or "hypothetical list" for short, is a list of taxa (of plants, animals, fungi etc.) which are not recorded from a given geographical area, but which "may" be found there. Such lists are sometimes included by authors of regional biota, partly to demonstrate that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9146657
Malaia garnet or Malaya garnet is a gemological varietal name for light to dark slightly pinkish orange, reddish orange, or yellowish orange garnet, that are of a mixture within the "pyralspite" series pyrope, almandine, and spessartine with a little calcium. The name Malaia is translated from Swahili to mean, "one com...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9150392
Odd number theorem The odd number theorem is a theorem in strong gravitational lensing which comes directly from differential topology. The theorem states that "the number of multiple images produced by a bounded transparent lens must be odd". The gravitational lensing is a thought to mapped from what's known as "image...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9156022
Jerry March Jerry March, Ph.D. (August 1, 1929 – December 25, 1997) was an American organic chemist and a professor of chemistry at Adelphi University. March authored the "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry" text, which is considered to be a pillar of graduate-level organic chemistry texts. The book was prepared in its...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9162613
Banned substance may refer to:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9171938
Prandtl–Meyer function In aerodynamics, the describes the angle through which a flow turns isentropically from sonic velocity (M=1) to a Mach (M) number greater than 1. The maximum angle through which a sonic ("M" = 1) flow can be turned around a convex corner is calculated for M = formula_1. For an ideal gas, it is ex...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9175375
Richard P.A.C. Newman (1955–2000) was a physicist notable for his work in the area of cosmology and general relativity. He completed his PhD in 1979 at the University of Kent at Canterbury under G.C. McVittie with a thesis entitled "Singular Perturbations of the Empty Robertson-Walker Cosmologies." He was a research fe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9198927
List of British county and local bryophyte floras The following is a list of published bryophyte floras covering counties or other local areas of Britain, together with a list of vascular plant floras which also contain bryophyte lists.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9210489
Curt Eisner (April 28, 1890 in Zabrze – December 30, 1981 in The Hague) was a German entomologist who specialised in snow butterflies or Parnassinae. His collections of Parnassinae are in Naturalis, in Leiden, and his Ornithoptera and Morphidae are in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9223758
Steve Van Dyck Dr. is the Senior Curator of vertebrates at Queensland Museum, in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. was instrumental in the rediscovery of the endangered mahogany glider in 1989. has been awarded the 2008 Queensland Museum Medal for Research. Van Dyck was awarded the medal for his considerable talent in d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9225460
Visual MODFLOW (VMOD) is a software program developed by Waterloo Hydrogeologic. Originally released in 1994, was the first commercially available graphical interface for the open source groundwater modeling engine called MODFLOW. As of May 2012, a newer .NET version of the software was rebranded as Flex. The program a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9241978
Franco-British Nuclear Forum The first meeting of the Franco–British Nuclear Forum was held in Paris in November 2007, chaired by the Minister for Energy and the French Industry Minister. The working groups are focusing on specific areas for collaboration. A follow-up meeting on the issue in London was planned for Marc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9247154
Selective adsorption is the effect when minima associated with bound-state resonances occur in specular intensity in atom-surface scattering. Pronounced intensity minima were first observed in 1930 by Estermann, Frisch, and Stern, during a series of gas-surface interaction experiments attempting to demonstrate the wave...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9250314
Picotiter plate A picotiter plate is a flat plate with multiple wells used as small test tubes. It is a miniaturised version of the microtiter plates that are standard tools in analytical research. Picotiter plates are used in the DNA sequencing strategy first exploited by a spin-off company (454 Life Sciences) and com...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9256086
Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography The is a natural science college at Nova Southeastern University in Florida. The college offers programs in subjects like biology and mathematics and conducts oceanographical research. The college offers multiple bachelor's, master's and doctoral programs. The college...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9258706
Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography The Guy Harvey Research Institute conducts basic and applied scientific research needed for effective conservation, biodiversity maintenance, restoration, and understanding of the world's wild fishes. The GHRI also provides scientific training to US and international ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9258706
Keuper marl is an obsolete name for multiple layers of mudstone and siltstone of Triassic age which occur beneath parts of the English Midlands and neighbouring areas e.g. Cheshire, Nottinghamshire, Devon, eastern Worcestershire and northern Yorkshire. Typically red, or occasionally green or grey, these strata are gene...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9285795
Cassini (Martian crater) Cassini is a crater on Mars named in honour of the Italian astronomer Giovanni Cassini. The name was approved in 1973, by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature. The crater measures approximately 415 kilometers in diameter and can be found at ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9291498
Nucleic acid thermodynamics is the study of how temperature affects the nucleic acid structure of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The melting temperature ("T") is defined as the temperature at which half of the DNA strands are in the random coil or single-stranded (ssDNA) state. "T" depends on the length of the DNA molecu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9299409
Nucleic acid thermodynamics In the absence of external negative factors, the processes of hybridization and melting may be repeated in succession indefinitely, which lays the ground for polymerase chain reaction. Most commonly, the pairs of nucleic bases A=T and G≡C are formed, of which the latter is more stable. DNA d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9299409
Nucleic acid thermodynamics On a genomic scale, the method has been used by researchers to estimate the genetic distance between two species, a process known as DNA-DNA hybridization. In the context of a single isolated region of DNA, denaturing gradient gels and temperature gradient gels can be used to detect the pres...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9299409
Nucleic acid thermodynamics The term is also often used to describe the reformation (renaturation) of reverse-complementary strands that were separated by heat (thermally denatured). Proteins such as RAD52 can help DNA anneal. DNA strand annealing is a key step in pathways of homologous recombination. In particular, du...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9299409
Nucleic acid thermodynamics In this approximation one neglects the possibility of intermediate partial binding states in the formation of a double strand state from two single stranded oligonucleotides. Under this assumption one can elegantly describe the thermodynamic parameters for forming double-stranded nucleic aci...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9299409
Nucleic acid thermodynamics To account for such complicated behavior, the methods of statistical mechanics must be used, which is especially relevant for long sequences. The previous paragraph shows how melting temperature and thermodynamic parameters (Δ"G"° or Δ"H"° & Δ"S"°) are related to each other. From the observa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9299409
Nucleic acid thermodynamics The second term includes both the free energy of formation of the second base pair, GC, and stacking interaction between this base pair and the previous base pair. The remaining terms are similarly defined. In general, the free energy of forming a nucleic acid duplex is formula_6, where form...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9299409
Nucleic acid thermodynamics (arrows indicating mismatch) These parameters have been fitted from melting experiments and an extension of Table 1 which includes mismatches can be found in literature. A more realistic way of modeling the behavior of nucleic acids would seem to be to have parameters that depend on the neig...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9299409
Ozone monitoring instrument The ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) is a visual and ultraviolet spectrometer aboard the NASA Aura spacecraft. OMI can distinguish between aerosol types, such as smoke, dust, and sulfates, and can measure cloud pressure and coverage, which provide data to derive tropospheric ozone. OMI foll...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9301973
Nanoscopic scale The nanoscopic scale (or nanoscale) usually refers to structures with a length scale applicable to nanotechnology, usually cited as 1–100 nanometers. A nanometer is a billionth of a meter. The nanoscopic scale is (roughly speaking) a lower bound to the mesoscopic scale for most solids. For technical pu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9324236
Nanoscopic scale The most complex nanoscale molecular machines are proteins found within cells, often in the form of multi-protein complexes. Some biological machines are motor proteins, such as myosin, which is responsible for muscle contraction, kinesin, which moves cargo inside cells away from the nucleus along micr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9324236
Skeletochronology is used to determine the chronological age of a species of animal by counting the concentric growth rings found in a cross section of bone. This technique cannot be used for all species of bony animals. Amphibians and reptiles are commonly aged using this method because they undergo discrete annual ac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9330285
Accepted and experimental value In science, and most specifically chemistry, the accepted value denotes a value of a substance accepted by almost all scientists and the experimental value denotes the value of a substance's properties found in a localized lab.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9330860
Ledinegg instability In fluid dynamics, the occurs in two-phase flow, especially in a boiler tube, when the boiling boundary is within the tube. For a given mass flux J through the tube, the pressure drop per unit length (which typically varies as the square of the mass flux and inversely as the density i.e. as formula...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9335064
Global Emissions InitiAtive (GEIA) is a community effort dedicated to atmospheric emissions information exchange and competence building. GEIA was created in 1990 under the (IGBP) and is a joint IGAC / iLEAPS / AIMES activity. GEIA is governed by an international steering committee and hosts biennial conferences. infor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9343687
Orazio Antinori (28 October 1811 – 26 August 1882) was an Italian explorer and zoologist. Antinori was born in Perugia (then in the Papal States) and studied natural history in Perugia and Rome. Afterwards he collaborated with Charles Lucien Bonaparte and illustrated "Iconografia della Fauna Italica". From the middle o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9344247
Froude–Krylov force In fluid dynamics, the Froude–Krylov force—sometimes also called the Froude–Kriloff force—is a hydrodynamical force named after William Froude and Alexei Krylov. The is the force introduced by the unsteady pressure field generated by "undisturbed" waves. The does, together with the diffraction force...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9351532
Polymeric liquid crystal Polymeric liquid crystals are similar to monomeric liquid crystals used in displays. Both have dielectric anitroscopy, or the ability to change directions and absorb or transmit light depending on electric fields. Polymeric liquid crystals form long head-to-tail or side chain polymers, which ar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9356096
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine The (WFIRM) is a research institute affiliated with Wake Forest School of Medicine and located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, [[United States] WFIRM's goal is to apply the principles of [[regenerative medicine]] to repair or replace diseased tissues and organs. Among o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9357386
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine These stems cells are [[pluripotent]], meaning that they can be manipulated to differentiate into various types of mature cells that make up nerve, muscle, bone, and other tissues while avoiding the problems of tumor formation and ethical concerns that are associated with...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9357386
Lin Chao Professor is a Chinese Brazilian American evolutionary biologist and geneticist. Professor Chao gained his PhD in 1977 from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, as a student of Bruce R. Levin (now at Emory University), and was a NIH postdoctoral fellow at Princeton University in the laboratory of Edward C....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9361141
Equivalent dumping coefficient An equivalent dumping coefficient is a mathematical coefficient used in the calculation of the energy dispersed when a structure moves. As a civil engineering term, it defines the "percent of a cycle of oscillation that is absorbed (converted to heat by friction)" for the structure or sub...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9363637
Web-based taxonomy is the effort by taxonomists to use the World Wide Web in order to create unified, consensus taxonomies of life on Earth. In his 2002 paper on the subject, H. Charles J. Godfray called for the creation of Web-based organisations to collect all the accumulated literature on a taxonomic group into a ce...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9365268
Dirk Polder (August 23, 1919 – March 18, 2001) was a Dutch physicist who, together with Hendrik Casimir, first predicted the existence of what today is known as the Casimir-Polder force, sometimes also referred to as the "Casimir effect" or "Casimir force". He also worked on the similar topic of radiative heat transfer...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9370001
Depositional environment In geology, depositional environment or sedimentary environment describes the combination of physical, chemical and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment and, therefore, the rock types that will be formed after lithification, if the sediment is pre...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9373823
Yuli Berkovich (1944 - 2012) was a scientist who has performed experiments with seed germination in zero gravity, among others, on the International Space Station. The seedlings germinated, but died a few days later due to not having any soil or nutrients, and from capillary action. Yuli was named after his father's (w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9385543
Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect In high-energy physics, the Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect, also known as the Landau–Pomeranchuk effect and the Pomeranchuk effect, or simply LPM effect, is a reduction of the bremsstrahlung and pair production cross sections at high energies or high matter densities. It is named in h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9386543
Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect Since the gluons are soft their rescattering will provide the dominant modification to the spectrum. Lev Landau and Isaak Pomeranchuk showed that the formulas for bremsstrahlung and pair creation in matter which had been formulated by Hans Bethe and Walter Heitler (the Bethe–Heitler for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9386543
Memeplex Much of the study of memes focuses on groups of memes called meme complexes, or memeplexes. Like the gene complexes found in biology, memeplexes are groups of memes that are often found present in the same individual. Applying the theory of Universal Darwinism, memeplexes exist because memes will copy themselv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9405089
Sharqi (wind) The Sharqi or sharki is a wind in the Middle East that comes from the south and southeast. It is seasonal, lasting from April to early June, and comes again between late September and November. The winds are dry and dusty, with occasional gusts up to 80 kilometres per hour (50 miles per hour) and often ki...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9407533
LIESST In chemistry and physics, (Light-Induced Excited Spin-State Trapping) is a method of changing the electronic spin state of a compound by means of irradiation with light. Many transition metal complexes with electronic configuration d-d are capable of spin crossover (and d when molecular symmetry is lower than O)...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9430536
MRC 1138-262 The Spiderweb Galaxy (PGC 2826829, MRC 1138-262) is an irregular galaxy with a redshift of 2.156, which is 10.6 billion light years away. It has been recently imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope. It is formed from dozens of smaller galaxies that were seen in the process of merging through mutual gravitati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9434265
Mary Tindale Mary Douglas Tindale (19 September 1920 – 31 March 2011) was an Australian botanist specialising in pteridology (ferns) and the genera "Acacia" and "Glycine". Tindale was born in Randwick, New South Wales, the only child of George Harold Tindale and Grace Matilda Tindale. She attended primary school in New...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9440487
Thermal grill illusion The thermal grill illusion is a sensory illusion originally demonstrated in 1896 by the Swedish physician Torsten Thunberg. The illusion is created by an interlaced grill of warm (e.g., 40°C/104°F) and cool (20°C/68°F) bars. When someone presses a hand against the grill, he or she experiences the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9463641
Hans Fruhstorfer (7 March 1866 Passau, Germany – 9 April 1922 Munich) was a German explorer, insect trader and entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He collected and described new species of exotic butterflies, especially in Adalbert Seitz's "Macrolepidoptera of the World". He is best known for his work on the b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9472238
Hans Fruhstorfer Fruhstorfer is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of snake, "Tetralepis fruhstorferi", which is endemic to Java. Partial list:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9472238
Relativistic electron beam Relativistic electron beams are streams of electrons moving at relativistic speeds. They are the lasing medium in free electron lasers to be used in atmospheric research conducted at entities such as the Pan-oceanic Environmental and Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) at the University o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9487795
Flux-corrected transport (FCT) is a conservative shock-capturing scheme for solving Euler equations and other hyperbolic equations which occur in gas dynamics, aerodynamics, and magnetohydrodynamics. It is especially useful for solving problems involving shock or contact discontinuities. An FCT algorithm consists of tw...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9502303
Suppression subtractive hybridization Subtractive hybridization is a technology that allows for PCR-based amplification of only cDNA fragments that differ between a control (driver) and experimental transcriptome. cDNA is produced from mRNA. Differences in relative abundance of transcripts are highlighted, as are genet...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9509772
Waves and shallow water When waves travel into areas of shallow water, they begin to be affected by the ocean bottom. The free orbital motion of the water is disrupted, and water particles in orbital motion no longer return to their original position. As the water becomes shallower, the swell becomes higher and steeper...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9519674
Petr Černý FRSC (8 January 1934 – 7 April 2018) was a mineralogy professor at the University of Manitoba. Černý's studies focus on pegmatite. He is best known for his geological mapping of Bernic Lake, Manitoba in the 1970s. The site has since hosted several tantalum-lithium-caesium mines, for example the Tanco Mine.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9523502
Reginald Hooley Reginald Walter Hooley (5 September 1865 – 5 May 1923) was a businessman and amateur paleontologist, collecting on the Isle of Wight. He is probably best remembered for describing the dinosaur "Iguanodon atherfieldensis", now "Mantellisaurus." Regular visits to the island resulted in the find of hundred...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9527259
Reginald Hooley acquired by the British Museum of Natural History which displays the iguanodontid skeletons in the Dinosaur Hall. In 1926 the extinct plant "Hooleya" was named after him.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9527259
Abell S740 The is a cluster of galaxies identified in the Abell catalogue of southern rich clusters of galaxies. It is over 450 Mly away in the constellation Centaurus. It has a redshift of 10,073 km/s.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9527696
William de Alwis William De Alwis Seneviratne (1842–1916) was a Ceylonese artist and entomologist. With his brother George (dates unknown), William made a lasting contribution to the knowledge of the lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) of Ceylon. The brothers' father, Haramanis de Alwis Seneviratne (1792–1894) was a bo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9537177
Allomerism is the similarity in the crystalline structure of substances of different chemical composition.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9539347
National Undersea Research Center for the North Atlantic and Great Lakes The (NURC-NA&GL) is one of six undersea centers established by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Undersea Research Program. It is co-located with the University of Connecticut’s Department of Marine Sciences. The center's missi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9542300
Self-diffusion According to IUPAC definition, self-diffusion coefficient is the diffusion coefficient formula_1 of species formula_2 when the chemical potential gradient equals zero. It is linked to the diffusion coefficient formula_3 by the equation: formula_4 Here, formula_5 is the activity of the species formula_2 i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9544343
David Pegg (physicist) Professor David Pegg (born 23 May 1941) is an emeritus professor in theoretical physics at Griffith University, Australia. In his career, he has made numerous contributions to NMR, quantum optics and conceptual physics including the nature of time. His h-index is at least 38. He is a fellow of th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9555511
Quark epoch In physical cosmology the was the period in the evolution of the early universe when the fundamental interactions of gravitation, electromagnetism, the strong interaction and the weak interaction had taken their present forms, but the temperature of the universe was still too high to allow quarks to bind to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9556852
Francesco Ruggiero (16 August 1957 in Naples, Italy – 18 January 2007 in Geneva, Switzerland) was an Italian physicist. In 1985, he received his Ph.D. in accelerator physics from the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. He participated in the commissioning of Large Electron–Positron Collider, contributed to the Large Hadr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9557551
Plant geneticist A plant geneticist is a scientist involved with the study of genetics in botany. Typical work is done with genes in order to isolate and then develop certain plant traits. Once a certain trait, such as plant height, fruit sweetness, or tolerance to cold, is found, a plant geneticist works to improve br...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9571778
Cers (wind) The Cers, also called the Narbonnais by those who live southeast of Narbonne, is a very dry wind that is colder during the winter and warmer during the summer. Originating from moist Atlantic air-masses flowing across the Toulouse area, the Cers is intensified through the Lauragais gap. Cers winds are frequ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9573286
Henry Brose Henry Herman Leopold Adolph Brose (15 September 1890 – 24 February 1965) was an Australian physicist. Born in Adelaide, he attended Prince Alfred College and graduated from the University of Adelaide in 1910 with a B.Sc. in mathematics. A member of the Adelaide University Athletics Club, Brose was awarded a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9575269
Henry Brose Brose made an enormous contribution to the scientific world of his time both in Australia and across the world, as indicated by his vast collection of Manuscripts still archived in the University of Adelaide. Brose acted as an interpreter when Einstein visited the University of Nottingham in 1930 and 1931.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9575269
Antoni Jakubski Antoni Władysław Jakubski (; 1885–1962) was a Polish zoologist and explorer. Jakubski was born in Lemberg (Lwów), Galicia, Austria-Hungary (now Lviv, Ukraine) on 28 March 1885. He studied zoology from Prof. Józef Nusbaum-Hilarowicz at the Lwów University where he received a habilitation in 1917. In 1909...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9580173
Bioprocess engineering Bioprocess engineering, also biochemical engineering, is a specialization of chemical engineering or Biological engineering, It deals with the design and development of equipment and processes for the manufacturing of products such as agriculture, food, feed, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, chem...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9580771
William Fowler Mountford Copeland (13 February 1872 – 17 January 1953) was a British amateur horticulturist. He was attended Trinity College, Cambridge. He was the son of Richard Pirie Copeland and grandson of William Taylor Copeland. husband of Beatrice Augusta Mary Geddes and father of Mary Beatrice, 1912–2003; Irene...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9583640
Jan Ambjørn is a Danish physicist regarded as the primary founder of Causal Dynamical Triangulation Theory (CDT). Ambjørn began in the early 1990s searching for a physics model that bonded quantum mechanics and relativistic gravity in a way that didn't require supersymmetry. By 1994, he argued a simpler way to represen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9584270
Charles C. Bradley (1911 – May 18, 2002) was a professor in geology at the Montana State College. He received his bachelors, masters, and doctorate degrees from University of Wisconsin–Madison.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9591319
Acid growth refers to the ability of plant cells and plant cell walls to elongate or expand quickly at low (acidic) pH. The cell wall needs to be modified in order to maintain the turgor pressure. This modification is controlled by plant hormones like auxin. Auxin also controls the expression of some cell wall genes. T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9600102
Retention distance Retention distance, or "R", is a concept in thin layer chromatography, designed for quantitative measurement of "equal-spreading" of the spots on the chromatographic plate and one of the Chromatographic response functions. It is calculated from the following formula: formula_1 where "n" is the number...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9607629
Emanuel Bunzel (1828–1895), was an Austrian paleontologist. In 1871, he described a skull fragment found in an Austrian coal mine years before by colleagues Ferdinand Stoliczka and Eduard Suess as the type specimen for the dinosaur genus "Struthiosaurus", the first discovered in the region. Another dinosaur he describe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9621670
Anatoly Konstantinovich Rozhdestvensky (, 1920–1983) was a Russian paleontologist responsible for naming many dinosaurs, including "Aralosaurus" and "Probactrosaurus".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9621847
Darwin–Radau equation In astrophysics, the (named after Rodolphe Radau and Charles Galton Darwin) gives an approximate relation between the moment of inertia factor of a planetary body and its rotational speed and shape. The moment of inertia factor is directly related to the largest principal moment of inertia, "C". I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9628193
De Vaucouleurs' law de Vaucouleurs' law, also known as the de Vaucouleurs profile or de Vaucouleurs model, describes how the surface brightness formula_1 of an elliptical galaxy varies as a function of apparent distance formula_2 from the center of the galaxy: By defining "R" as the radius of the isophote containing ha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9632204
István Apáthy István Apáthy, also known as Stephan Apáthy (1863–1922), was a Hungarian zoologist and histologist, known for his work in medical science and microscope technique. He particularly studied neurofibrils, and was known for improving microscopic techniques for dealing with tissue samples. Apáthy was a profess...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9634360
Mucigel is a slimy substance that covers the root cap of the roots of plants. It is a highly hydrated polysaccharide, most likely a pectin, which is secreted from the outermost (epidermal) cells of the rootcap. is formed in the Golgi bodies of such cells, and is secreted through the process of exocytosis. The layer of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9637332
Amorphism An amorphism, in chemistry, crystallography and, by extension, to other areas of the natural sciences is a substance or feature that lacks an ordered form. In the specific case of crystallography, an amorphic material is one that lacks long range (significant) crystalline order at the molecular level. In the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9664551
Legion (taxonomy) The legion, in biological classification, is a non-obligatory taxonomic rank within the Linnaean hierarchy sometimes used in zoology. In zoological taxonomy, the legion is: Legions may be grouped into superlegions or subdivided into sublegions, and these again into infralegions. Legions and their supe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9668061
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek "pharmakon" "drug" and "kinetikos" "moving, putting in motion"; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determine the fate of substances administered to a living organism. The substances of interest include any chemical xenobioti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9674107
Pharmacokinetics One of these, the multi-compartmental model, is the most commonly used approximations to reality; however, the complexity involved in adding parameters with that modelling approach means that "monocompartmental models" and above all "two compartmental models" are the most-frequently used. The various c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9674107
Pharmacokinetics The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9674107
Pharmacokinetics Noncompartmental methods estimate the exposure to a drug by estimating the area under the curve of a concentration-time graph. Compartmental methods estimate the concentration-time graph using kinetic models. Noncompartmental methods are often more versatile in that they do not assume any specific comp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9674107
Pharmacokinetics In addition, there are some tissues (such as the brain tissue) that present a real barrier to the distribution of drugs, that can be breached with greater or lesser ease depending on the drug's characteristics. If these relative conditions for the different tissue types are considered along with the ra...
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Pharmacokinetics In the real world each tissue will have its own distribution characteristics and none of them will be strictly linear. If we label the drug's volume of distribution within the organism Vd and its volume of distribution in a tissue Vd the former will be described by an equation that takes into account a...
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Pharmacokinetics The number of time points available in order to perform a successful NCA analysis should be enough to cover the absorption, distribution and elimination phase to accurately characterize the drug. Beyond AUC exposure measures, parameters such as Cmax (maximum concentration), Tmax(time at maximum concent...
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Pharmacokinetics The change in concentration over time can be expressed as formula_2 The graph for the non-linear relationship between the various factors is represented by a curve; the relationships between the factors can then be found by calculating the dimensions of different areas under the curve. The models used ...
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Pharmacokinetics Bioavailability of other delivery methods is compared with that of intravenous injection (absolute bioavailability) or to a standard value related to other delivery methods in a particular study (relative bioavailability). Once a drug's bioavailability has been established it is possible to calculate t...
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Pharmacokinetics Finally, using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, and knowing the drug's formula_10 (pH at which there is an equilibrium between its ionized and non ionized molecules), it is possible to calculate the non ionized concentration of the drug and therefore the concentration that will be subject to absorpt...
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Pharmacokinetics Chemical techniques are employed to measure the concentration of drugs in biological matrix, most often plasma. Proper bioanalytical methods should be selective and sensitive. For example, microscale thermophoresis can be used to quantify how the biological matrix/liquid affects the affinity of a drug ...
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Pharmacokinetics Recent studies show that Secondary electrospray ionization (SESI-MS) can be used in drug monitoring, presenting the advantage of avoiding animal sacrifice. "Population pharmacokinetics" is the study of the sources and correlates of variability in drug concentrations among individuals who are the target...
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