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Spectrochemistry is the application of spectroscopy in any of several fields of chemistry. It includes the analysis of spectra in chemical terms, and the use of spectra to derive the structure of chemical compounds, and to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze their presence in samples. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14657447 |
Hans Benndorf (December 13, 1870 – February 11, 1953) was an Austrian physicist born in Zurich, and died in Graz. He made several contributions in the field of seismology and in his research of atmospheric electricity. He was the son of archaeologist Otto Benndorf (1838–1907) and the grandson of physiologist Rudolf Wagner (1805–1864). In 1895 he earned his doctorate from the University of Vienna, and subsequently became an assistant to Franz Serafin Exner (1849–1926). In 1904 be became an associate professor of meteorology at the University of Graz. In 1910 he replaced Leopold Pfaundler (1839–1920) as professor of physics, a position he kept until 1936 (forced retirement). In 1945 he resumed his duties in physics at Graz. In 1927 he was elected as a full member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and from 1932 to 1934 was university rector. From 1924 he worked closely with geophysicistAlfred Wegener (1880–1930) at Graz, also maintaining professional ties with physicist Victor Franz Hess (1883–1964) and climatologist Victor Conrad (1876–1962) during his career. With Hess he co-authored a comprehensive treatise on atmospheric electricity (1928). In 1907 he founded a seismological observatory at the physical institute in Graz, and during the same year was awarded with the Ignaz Lieben Prize for his work on the propagation of seismic waves. In a mine-shaft at Pribram he was able to differentiate between long-distance earthquakes and local microseismic activity with the use of seismometers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14666590 |
Hans Benndorf Also, he was the first scientist to solve the problem involving refraction of seismic rays in spherical layers. The term "Benndorfscher Satz" (Benndorf's relationship) is used to describe the constancy of the ray parameter across the spherical layers. A device known as a "Benndorf electrometer" is used for atmospheric electrical measurements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14666590 |
Edmond Jean-Baptiste Fleutiaux Edmond Jean Baptiste Fleutiaux (22 October 1858, Argenteuil, Val-d'Oise – 1951) was a French entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera. Fleutiaux worked on the beetle fauna of Southeast Asia, particularly French Indochina and Africa. He wrote "Catalogue systématique des Cicindelidae décruits depuis Linné" (1892)and "Revision des Eucnemides africains" (1945). His collection is conserved by the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle.Fleutiaux was a member of the Société entomologique de France. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14672145 |
Somatic antigen A somatic antigen is an antigen located in the cell wall of a gram-positive or gram-negative bacterium. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14682521 |
MacDowell–Mansouri action The (named after S. W. MacDowell and Freydoon Mansouri) is an action that is used to derive Einstein's field equations of general relativity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14684966 |
Antoine Henri Grouvelle (17 January 1843 – 9 June 1917 Neuilly-sur-Seine) was a French entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera. He was also an engineer who directed a tobacco factory. He worked on world fauna of the heterogeneous group of beetles known as Clavicornia. Grouvelle was a Member of the Société entomologique de France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14689815 |
Barton (crater) Barton crater is a 54-km (32-mi) diameter crater on Venus. It is the size at which craters on Venus begin to possess peak-rings instead of a single central peak. The floor of Barton crater is flat and radar-dark, indicating possible infilling by lava flows sometime following the impact. Barton's central peak-ring is discontinuous and appears to have been disrupted or separated during or following the cratering process. The crater is named after Clara Barton, the founder of the American Red Cross. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14697272 |
Nuclear Nebraska Nuclear Nebraska: The Remarkable Story of the Little County That Couldn’t Be Bought is a 2007 book by Susan Cragin which follows the controversy about a proposed low level nuclear waste dump, which was planned for Boyd County, Nebraska. In 1989, two multinational corporations and several government agencies proposed a waste dump and offered payment of $3 million per year for 40 years. The residents of the Boyd County farming community resisted the offer and controversy followed for almost two decades. During this time, the community was transformed "from a small group of isolated farmers to a defiant band of environmentalists". The opposition of the community eventually succeeded, and the license to build the dump was denied. Several governors became embroiled in the controversy, as well as legislators, bureaucrats and the community. One central figure went to jail and others were dismissed from their jobs. For many years, there was extensive coverage of the event by the news media. U.S. Senator Ben Nelson wrote the foreword to the book. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14700343 |
Arp 87 (also known as NGC 3808) is a pair of two interacting galaxies, NGC 3808A and NGC 3808B. They are situated in the Leo constellation. NGC 3808A, the brighter, is a peculiar spiral galaxy, while NGC 3808B is an irregular galaxy. The two galaxies were discovered on 10 April 1785 by William Herschel. The two are located about 330 million light-years (100 megaparsecs) away from the Earth. was observed by the Hubble Telescope in 2007, which revealed massive clouds of gas and dust flowing from one galaxy to another. Additionally, both galaxies appear to have been distorted. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14703618 |
Henri Donckier de Donceel Charles Donckier de Donceel (1802 in Chératte, Liège – 29 June 1888, in Brussels) was a Belgian entomologist mainly interested in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Donckier was an insect dealer in Paris. He wrote (18820 Catalogue des Lépidoptères de Belgique. "Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique 26: 5-161" and many short papers on insects in the same journal. He was a Member of the Royal Belgian Entomological Society. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14703953 |
3C 212 is a quasar located in the constellation Cancer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14705454 |
3C 191 is a quasar located in the constellation Cancer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14706811 |
3C 47 is a Seyfert galaxy / lobe-dominated quasar located in the constellation Pisces. It was the first quasar found with the classic double radio-lobe structure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14707384 |
CLASS B1359+154 is a quasar, or quasi-stellar object, that has a redshift of 3.235. A group of three foreground galaxies at a redshift of about 1 are behaving as gravitational lenses. The result is a rare example of a sixfold multiply imaged quasar. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14708275 |
Johnsen–Rahbek effect The occurs when an electric potential is applied across the boundary between a metallic surface and the surface of a semiconducting material. Under these conditions an attractive force appears, whose magnitude depends on the voltage and the specific materials involved. The effect is named after Danish engineers F. A. Johnsen and K. Rahbek, the first to investigate the effect at length. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14718234 |
Copper sweetening is a petroleum refining process using a slurry of clay and cupric chloride to oxidize mercaptans. The resulting disulfides are less odorous and usually very viscous, and are usually removed from the lower-boiling fractions and left in the heavy fuel oil fraction. introduces trace amount of copper into the resulting products, which tends to have detrimental effects as it leads to formation of gummy residues. Other sources of copper include contact with refinery parts made of copper and copper alloys. Copper is one of the most active instability promoters, and concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm can have marked negative effect. To combat these, metal deactivators are added to some fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14719776 |
Peterson Field Guides The (PFG) are a popular and influential series of American field guides intended to assist the layman in identification of birds, plants, insects and other natural phenomena. The series was created and edited by renowned ornithologist Roger Tory Peterson (1908–1996). His inaugural volume was the classic 1934 book "A Field Guide to the Birds", published (as were all subsequent volumes) by the Houghton Mifflin Company. The PFG series utilized what became known as the Peterson Identification System, a practical method for field identification which highlights readily noticed visual features rather than focusing on the technical features of interest to scientists. The series both reflected and contributed to awareness of the emerging environmental movement. Most books in this series use a section of plates of drawings (usually reduced from commissioned paintings) rather than photographs of the subject species, grouped at the center of the book. This allows for idealized portraits that highlight the identifying "field marks" of each species; such field marks are often indicated by arrows or straight lines in the plate illustrations. However, in several books in this series, the plates consist of photographs (usually without such arrows or indicators), such as in the guides for the atmosphere, coral reefs, rocks and minerals, and the (old Charles Covell 1984 guide to) Eastern moths. In many books in this series (especially older editions), a number of the plates are in black and white | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14738913 |
Peterson Field Guides For examples, older editions of the Eastern reptiles/amphibians book had many black and white plates which were colorized for the current edition, and the original 1934 Eastern bird book had only 4 color plates. At least one book (insects) was entirely in black and white. However, most newer editions are often full-color (or almost full-color) and tend to be larger. One source claims that the increased size of one of the new editions (Eastern reptiles/amphibians) was considered detrimental to its use as a field guide by its own author and was a publisher decision. In some cases, new "editions" in this series are entirely new books with completely new texts and illustrations. For example, the fourth edition of the mammals guide has an entirely new text and illustrations by new author Fiona Reid, because the author (William Burt) and illustrator (Richard Grossenheider) of previous editions are both deceased. In fact, Grossenheider died prior to the publication of the "previous" third edition of 1976. Also, the current Northeastern moths guide by David Beadle and Seabrooke Leckie is an entirely new book than the out-of-print 1984 Eastern moths guide by Charles Covell. The Beadle/Leckie book covers a smaller geographical area and (one author claims) covers moths in greater detail. The old Covell book has been out-of-print for many years, but is currently available through the Virginia Museum of Natural History (which purchased the rights to that book) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14738913 |
Peterson Field Guides The above situation of an old "edition" persisting alongside its intended replacement edition is not unique to the Eastern moths guide. George Petrides' 1988 Eastern trees book (PFG11B) was originally intended to replace Petrides' own 1958 Eastern tree and shrubs (PFG11A) book. However, both books remain popular and the original publisher still offers both books for sale (unlike the case of the old Eastern moths book). Differences between editions can serve to indicate changes in scientific perspective as well as changes species distribution. For example, the second edition of the freshwater fishes guide by Page and Burr (2011), published 20 years after the first edition, increased the number of species included from 768 to 909, largely due to the addition of previously unrecognized species (114), as well as increased numbers of newly established exotic species (16). It also expanded coverage of marine fish commonly found in freshwater (19). Both of these guides appeared in the Easton Press leather bound copies of the series. For that series the title of the Bond book was changed to ""Birds of the Caribbean"". "Birds of the West Indies" (1999), by James Bond Other volumes: Appweavers, Inc., the licensee of the Peterson field guides for mobile devices, has developed the Peterson Birds of North America and Peterson Feeder Birds of North America apps for mobile Apple products. The Peterson Birds of North America app also includes some content from other books in the Peterson field guide series. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14738913 |
William David Lindsay Ride AM (8 May 19266 November 2011), usually credited as W. D. L. Ride, was an Australian vertebrate zoologist and paleontologist who was the chair of the committee that authored updated editions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Ride was born in London, England in 1926, the eldest son of Sir Lindsay Tasman Ride. In 1957 he was appointed Director of the Western Australian Museum, in Perth, as well as a Reader in Zoology at the University of Western Australia. In 1975 he was appointed Director of the Australian Biological Resources Study, located within the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), in Canberra. Ride worked for the CSIRO 1974-1980. He also served as the head of the School of Applied Science, Canberra College of Advanced Education, 1982–87, and was appointed Principal of the College in 1987. Following retirement in 1987 he became a Visiting Fellow at the Australian National University until 2002. In 1984 Ride was made a Member of the Order of Australia. He died in 2011 in Canberra, aged 85. David Ride produced a field guide to Australia's mammals in 1970, a subject that had not been addressed since the publication of the second edition of "Furred Animals of Australia" in 1944. Although Ride's guide only provided brief diagnostic accounts of mammalian fauna, the work was the only generally available book until the Australian Museum issued the standard text of Australian mammalogy for their series National Photographic Index of Australian Wildlife | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14743012 |
William David Lindsay Ride As well as numerous papers in the scientific literature, books authored or edited by Ride include: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14743012 |
NGC 1265 is a Fanaroff and Riley class 1 radio galaxy located in the constellation Perseus, a member of the Perseus Cluster. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14748456 |
3C 305 is a Seyfert 2 radio galaxy located in the constellation Draco. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14748610 |
3C 390.3 is a broad-line radio galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is also a Seyfert 1 galaxy which is an X-ray source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14748809 |
NGC 6251 is an active supergiant elliptical radio galaxy in the constellation Ursa Minor, and is more than 340 million light-years away from Earth. The galaxy has a Seyfert 2 active galactic nucleus, and is one of the most extreme examples of a Seyfert galaxy. This galaxy may be associated with gamma-ray source 3EG J1621+8203, which has high-energy gamma-ray emission. It is also noted for its one-sided radio jet—one of the brightest known—discovered in 1977. The supermassive black hole at the core has a mass of . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14749290 |
3C 20 is a radio galaxy located in the constellation Cassiopeia. It is one of largest known galaxies with a diameter of . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14753571 |
3C 35 is a giant Radio galaxy with an active galactic nucleus (AGN). It is classified as a Fanaroff & Riley type II radio galaxy. It is located in the constellation Cassiopeia. It is listed as a quasar by the SIMBAD astronomical database. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14754562 |
3C 61.1 is a Seyfert galaxy located in the constellation Cepheus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14754901 |
3C 79 is a Seyfert Galaxy located in the constellation Aries. The extended emission-line region (EELR) is almost certainly photoionized by the hidden quasar. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14757941 |
3C 109 is a Seyfert galaxy located in the constellation Taurus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14758293 |
Snow day (meteorology) In meteorology, a snow day is a day on which fall of snow is observed. A meteorological day is considered on a different basis from country to country. Most frequently, it refers to the 08.00-08.00 time span (summer time: 09.00-09.00). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14768720 |
Russellite is a bismuth tungstate mineral with the chemical formula BiWO. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system. is yellow or yellow-green in color, with a Mohs hardness of . is named for the mineralogist Sir Arthur Russell, and the type locality is the Castle-an-Dinas Mine, near St Columb Major in Cornwall, where it was found in 1938 in wolframite. It occurs as a secondary alteration of other bismuth bearing minerals in tin - tungsten hydrothermal ore deposits, pegmatites and greisens. It typically occurs associated with native bismuth, bismuthinite, bismite, wolframite, ferberite, scheelite, ferritungstite, anthoinite, mpororoite, koechlinite, cassiterite, topaz, muscovite, tourmaline and quartz. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14772189 |
Cirrus intortus cloud Cirrus intortus is a variety of cirrus cloud. The name "cirrus intortus" is derived from Latin, meaning "twisted, wound". The variety of intortus clouds is specific to cirrus clouds, and they appear as interwound strands of cirrus clouds with a purely random pattern. The filaments are often curved in a very irregular pattern. Like other cirrus clouds, cirrus intortus occur at high altitudes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14773174 |
Misoscale meteorology Misoscale is an unofficial scale of meteorological phenomena that ranges in size from 40 meters to about 4 kilometers. This scale was proposed by Ted Fujita, the father of the Fujita scale, to classify phenomenon of the order of the rotation within a thunderstorm, the scale of the funnel cloud of a tornado, and the size of the swath of destruction of a microburst. It is a subdivision of the microscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14788829 |
Superstatistics is a branch of statistical mechanics or statistical physics devoted to the study of non-linear and non-equilibrium systems. It is characterized by using the superposition of multiple differing statistical models to achieve the desired non-linearity. In terms of ordinary statistical ideas, this is equivalent to compounding the distributions of random variables and it may be considered a simple case of a doubly stochastic model. Consider an extended thermodynamical system which is locally in equilibrium and has a Boltzmann distribution, that is the probability of finding the system in a state with energy formula_1 is proportional to formula_2. Here formula_3 is the local inverse temperature. A non-equilibrium thermodynamical system is modeled by considering macroscopic fluctuations of the local inverse temperature. These fluctuations happen on time scales which are much larger than the microscopic relaxation times to the Boltzmann distribution. If the fluctuations of formula_3 are characterized by a distribution formula_5, the "superstatistical Boltzmann factor" of the system is given by This defines the superstatistical partition function for system that can assume discrete energy states formula_8. The probability of finding the system in state formula_9 is then given by Modeling the fluctuations of formula_3 leads to a description in terms of statistics of Boltzmann statistics, or "superstatistics" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14793522 |
Superstatistics For example, if formula_3 follows a Gamma distribution, the resulting superstatistics corresponds to Tsallis statistics. can also lead to other statistics such as power-law distributions or stretched exponentials. One needs to note here that the word super here is short for superposition of the statistics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14793522 |
Framboid The term framboid describes a micromorphological feature common to certain sedimentary minerals, particularly pyrite (FeS). The first known use of the term is ascribed to Rust in 1935 and is derived from the French ‘la framboise’, meaning ‘raspberry’, reflecting the appearance of the structure under magnification. Framboidal structure comprises roughly spherical aggregates of discrete equi-regular euhedral microcrystallites of around 0.5 μm in diameter, with the average aggregate size ranging from 5-20 μm. diameter tends to correlate positively with microcrystal size, and microcrystal packing is most commonly irregular and disordered. Framboids were once thought to be a fossilised bacterial colonies or microorganisms, but successful synthesis of this structure under laboratory conditions and observation of framboids in locations hostile to microbial life have discounted this theory. Framboidal pyrite is commonly found in coastal sediments, for instance marsh soils, marine and estuarine sediments, and beach sands. It can also be observed in coal as well as magmatic and carbonate rocks. Other minerals known to exhibit framboidal structures include magnetite, hematite, and greigite. Greigite is considered an essential precursor of framboidal pyrite formation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14815301 |
POX 186 (also known as PGC 46982), located in the constellation Virgo, is a dwarf galaxy that is still forming. The galaxy is considered very small and distorted compared to most older galaxies, such as our own Milky Way Galaxy. It is currently believed to have first begun forming when two enormous clouds of gas and stars crashed into each other less than 100 million years ago, sparking new stars to form. Some people believe this may be direct evidence of a new theory, speculating that later-forming galaxies in our universe are smaller than galaxies that have been around for billions of years. appears near the star Spica, the brightest star in Virgo. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14816257 |
Charles Jurine (1751–1819) was a Swiss zoologist who, inspired by a letter by Lazzaro Spallanzani to the Geneva Natural History Society, set about showing that bats used their ears to navigate. He corresponded with Spallanzani, who confirmed his findings but their work was largely ignored until the 20th century when Donald Griffin and G. W. Pierce proposed echolocation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14819950 |
Bente Nyland (born 12 August 1958) is a Norwegian geologist. She is Director General of the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate from 1 January 2008, having been appointed by the Government of Norway in a cabinet meeting on 21 December 2007. She is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14823803 |
Henri Gadeau de Kerville (17 December 1858 in Rouen – 26 July 1940 in Bagnères-de-Luchon) was a French zoologist, entomologist, botanist and archeologist best known for his photographs of these subjects and especially for his work ""Les Insectes phosphorescents: notes complémentaires et bibliographie générale (anatomie physiologie et biologie): avec quatre planches chromolithographiées"", Rouen, L. Deshays, 1881. He was educated at the Lycée Pierre Corneille in Rouen. He was a member of the "Société des sciences naturelles et amis du Museum de Rouen" (1878), the "Société botanique de France" (1882) and the "Société préhistorique française" (1911). In 1910 he founded a laboratory for experimental speleobiology in Saint-Paër. The "Société zoologique de France" and "Société entomologique de France" each offers a "Prix Gadeau de Kerville" for achievements in their respective fields. His scientific collections and photographs brought back from his expeditions are kept at museums in Paris, London, Elbeuf and Rouen. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14825318 |
Wilhelm Hauchecorne Heinrich Lambert (13 August 1828 – 15 January 1900) was a German geologist of French Huguenot parentage who was born in Aachen. He studied at the University of Berlin and at the "Bergakademie" in Freiberg. Among his instructors were Heinrich Ernst von Beyrich (1815-1896), Gustav Rose (1798-1873) and Christian Samuel Weiss (1780-1856). Afterwards he became director of a copper mine near Rheinbreitbach, and in 1866 was appointed director of the Berlin Mining Academy. In 1873 he became the co-director of the Prussian National Geological Survey. Hauchecorne is credited with development of the Geological Survey's geological and mineralogical collections, and was responsible for consolidation of rock and mineral collections. He also introduced a standardization of color-codes for use on German geological maps that was eventually adopted throughout Europe. In 1892, the mineral hauchecornite was named in his honor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14844423 |
Dynamical lifetime In statistical orbital mechanics, a body's dynamical lifetime refers to the mean time that a small body can be expected to remain in its current mean motion resonance. Classic examples are comets and asteroids which evolve from the 7:3 resonance to the 5:2 resonance with Jupiter's orbit with dynamical lifetimes of 1-100 Ma. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14848511 |
3C 171 is a Seyfert galaxy located in the constellation Lynx. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14858551 |
3C 215 is a Seyfert galaxy / Quasar located in the constellation Cancer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14858883 |
3C 219 is a Seyfert galaxy with a quasar-like appearance located in the constellation Ursa Major. This galaxy's radio jets are not detectable between the core and the outer radio lobes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14858960 |
3C 223 is a Seyfert galaxy with a quasar-like appearance located in the constellation Leo Minor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14861492 |
3C 234 is a Seyfert galaxy with a quasar-like appearance located in the constellation Leo Minor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14861568 |
3C 249.1 is a Seyfert galaxy located in the constellation Draco. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14861742 |
3C 268.3 is a Seyfert galaxy/quasar located in the constellation Ursa Major. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14861796 |
3C 285 is a radio galaxy located in the constellation Canes Venatici. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14861866 |
3C 288 is a radio galaxy located in the constellation Canes Venatici. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14861927 |
3C 299 is a radio galaxy/quasar located in the constellation Boötes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14862049 |
3C 303 is a Seyfert galaxy with a quasar-like appearance located in the constellation Boötes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14862085 |
3C 319 is a radio galaxy with a quasar-like appearance located in the constellation Draco. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14862139 |
3C 401 is a powerful radio galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is near the center of a rich cluster of galaxies and dominates the cluster. That is, it is the type-cD galaxy of its cluster. It has a double nucleus, indicating that it is merging with another galaxy. is classified as a Fanaroff and Riley class II radio source (FR II), but has characteristics of both types of sources. FR II radio sources are brightest at the ends of their radio lobes while FR I sources are brightest toward their centers. has hot spots at the ends of its two extended radio lobes, but also has a bright one-sided jet like a FR I source. The spectra of this jet is also intermediate between the spectra of jets in the two types of sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14873776 |
3C 433 is a Seyfert galaxy located in the constellation Vulpecula. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14873893 |
3C 438 is a Seyfert galaxy located in the constellation Cygnus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14873932 |
3C 452 is a Seyfert galaxy located in the constellation Lacerta. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14874265 |
Softening point The softening point is the temperature at which a material softens beyond some arbitrary softness. It can be determined, for example, by the Vicat method (ASTM-D1525 or ISO 306), Heat Deflection Test (ASTM-D648) or a ring and ball method (ISO 4625 or ASTM E28-67/E28-99 or ASTM D36 or ASTM D6493 - 11). A ring and ball apparatus can also be used for the determination of softening point of bituminous materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14884442 |
Mario Tirelli (born 1906, date of death unknown) was an Italian entomologist. Tirelli was a specialist in the anatomy and biology of Bombyx mori the Mulberry silkmoth. He was under director of the Stazione Bacologica Sperimentale in Padua. He wrote "Fisiologia degli Insetti" (1929) and "Atlante microfotografico della embriologia degli insetti (Bombyx mori)". Col concorso della ditta G. Pasqualis di Vittorio Veneto, Padova, Regia Stazione Bacologica Sperimentale. (1930). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14892591 |
Stellar-wind bubble A stellar-wind bubble is a cavity light years across filled with hot gas blown into the interstellar medium by the high-velocity (several thousand km/s) stellar wind from a single massive star of type O or B. Weaker stellar winds also blow bubble structures, which are also called astrospheres. The heliosphere blown by the solar wind, within which all the major planets of the Solar System are embedded, is a small example of a stellar-wind bubble. Stellar-wind bubbles have a two-shock structure. The freely-expanding stellar wind hits an inner termination shock, where its kinetic energy is thermalized, producing 10 K, X-ray-emitting plasma. The hot, high-pressure, shocked wind expands, driving a shock into the surrounding interstellar gas. If the surrounding gas is dense enough (number densities formula_1 or so), the swept-up gas radiatively cools far faster than the hot interior, forming a thin, relatively dense shell around the hot, shocked wind. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14892659 |
Loïc Matile (26 June 1938 – 10 June 2000, in Paris ) was a French entomologist who specialised in Diptera (Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Keroplatidae, Lygistorrhinidae, Mycetophilidae). Matile worked at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle where he held the Chair of Entomology for a brief period before his death. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14893367 |
Maritime Continent is the name given primarily by meteorologists and oceanographers to the region of Southeast Asia which comprises, amongst other countries, Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, it is situated within a warm ocean region known as the Tropical Warm Pool. The maritime continent consists of many islands, peninsulas and shallow seas. The region is significant in meteorology because it is considered the most important energy source region in the entire global circulation system owing to a number of coincident factors, the most significant being geographic location and topography, both of which contribute to the development of the Tropical Warm Pool, which is the warmest large area of ocean on Earth. Coined by Colin Ramage in 1968, the name combines the terms "maritime" and "continent" normally used as opposites in the description of climate. Maritime air is humid, and continental air is dry. In the Southeast Asia region, land masses and bodies of water are, roughly-speaking, evenly distributed. Moreover, the land masses are characterized by high mountains, and the seas are among the warmest on the earth. This produces a widespread area of diurnal thunderstorms which pump huge quantities of moisture and heat high up into the atmosphere. These in turn feed the upper level winds which circle the globe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14901447 |
Beilstein Registry Number The is a way of identifying compounds similar to the CAS registry number. It is the unique identifier for compounds in the Beilstein database. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14901450 |
Nunatak hypothesis In biogeography, particularly phytogeography, the nunatak hypothesis about the origin of a biota in formerly glaciated areas is the idea that some or many species have survived the inhospitable period on icefree land such as nunataks. Its antithesis is the "tabula rasa hypothesis", which posits that all species have immigrated into completely denuded land after the retreat of glaciers. By the mid-20th Century, the nunatak hypothesis was widely accepted among biologists working on the floras of Greenland and Scandinavia. However, while modern geology has established the presence of icefree areas during the last glacial maximum in both Greenland and Scandinavia, molecular techniques have revealed limited between-region genetic differentiation in many Arctic taxa, strongly suggesting a general capacity for long-distance dispersal among polar organisms. This does not directly disprove glacial survival. But it makes it less necessary as an explanation. Moreover, populations that survived on icefree land have probably in most cases been genetically flooded by postglacial immigrants. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14921500 |
Fahlband (from the German "fahl" for "faded" + band, ) is a stratum in crystalline rock, containing metallic minerals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14927386 |
Wernerian Natural History Society The (12 January 1808 – 16 April 1858), commonly abbreviated as the Wernerian Society, was a learned society interested in the broad field of natural history, and saw papers presented on various topics such as mineralogy, plants, insects, and scholarly expeditions. The Society was an offshoot of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and from its beginnings it was a rather elite organization. The Society was named after Abraham Gottlob Werner, a German geologist who was a creator of Neptunism, a theory of superposition based on a receding primordial ocean that had deposited all the rocks in the crust. At this time all rocks, including basalt, and crystalline substances were thought by some to be precipitated from solution. Robert Jameson, Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh, was the founder and life president of the Society. In 1800, he spent a year at the mining academy in Freiberg, Saxony, where he studied under Werner. The Society was founded on 12 January 1808, and the first meeting of the Society occurred on 2 March 1808. Between 1811 and 1839 eight volumes of "Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society" appeared. More than twelve of Jameson's papers on geology and mineralogy were published in these volumes, and he also contributed some on zoology and botany. Proceedings after 1839 were published in Jameson's "Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal". The Society hosted many of the notable scientists of its day | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14932159 |
Wernerian Natural History Society There were no meetings from 1850–1856, which coincided with the decline of Jameson himself. It was eventually decided to close the Society down and dispose of its assets, and it finally closed on 16 April 1858. Members of the Wernerian Society were entitled to use the abbreviation M.W.S. after their name. "Corresponding members", based outside Edinburgh, used the designation C.M.W.S. Founding members, as of 12 January 1808: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14932159 |
Franz Hübner Franz Hübner(18 November 1846 Drossen, near Frankfurt an der Oder – 31 December 1877) was a German entomologist Between 1875 and 1877 he collected insects for the Museum Godeffroy in Samoa, Tonga and New Britain. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14935313 |
Morphome is one of the omes in biology to map and classify all the morphological features of species. is different from phenome in that it is the totality of morphological variants while phenome includes non-morphological variants. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14961800 |
LBQS 1429-008 (QQ 1429−008, QQ 1432−0106, QQQ J1432−0106) is a physical triple quasar. It was the first physical triple discovered. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14965438 |
Marc Zabeau (born Lier, 1949) is a Belgian scientist and businessman. graduated in 1971 as a licentiate in zoology at the University of Ghent and obtained a PhD in 1974, studying the genetics of "Escherichia coli" in the lab of Jeff Schell. In 1976, on an NFWO scholarship as a Fulbright Hayes postdoctoral fellow, he went for two years to the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York, the United States. From 1978 until 1983 he worked at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany. during his stay in Heidelberg, he was appointed as professor of genetic engineering at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. In 1983, he became director of research of Plant Genetic Systems in Ghent, Belgium and in 1986 director of intellectual property and business development. He founded several biotech companies, such as Helix C.V. (Ghent, 1988), KeyeGene N.V. (Wageningen, 1989), GenScope Inc. (United States, 1995) and Methexis (Ghent, 1997). In 1999, he succeeded Marc Van Montagu as scientific director of the Department of Plant Systems Biology at the Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB). In 2002, he was succeeded by Dirk Inzé. In 1999, he was appointed as full-time professor of genome biology and functional genomics at the University of Ghent. Zabeau was formerly CEO of Trinean. He is currently managing partner of Qbic Venture Partners. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14983834 |
Orto Botanico dell'Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia The Orto Botanico dell'Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, also known as the Orto Botanico di Modena or formerly Hortus Botanicus Mutinensis, is a botanical garden operated by the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. It is located next to the Garden Ducale (Public Gardens), at viale Caduti in Guerra 127, Modena, Italy, and open weekdays during the warmer months except August. Admission is free. The garden was established in 1758 by Duke Francesco III d'Este for medicinal plants, becoming part of the university in 1772. The garden is an irregular shape, almost 1 hectare in size, with several greenhouses (total area 300 m²) running in a line across the garden's center. It currently contains about 1,400 species plus a major herbarium. The principal outdoor areas are: Greenhouses are as follows: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14988379 |
Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (Colombia) The Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (), also known by its acronym in Spanish, , is a government agency of the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of Colombia. It is in charge of producing and managing the scientific and technical information on the environment of Colombia, and its territorial composition. The IDEAM also serves as the Colombian institute of meteorology and studies the climate of Colombia. The IDEAM is charged with obtaining, analyzing, processing and divulging information pertaining to hydrology, hydrogeology, meteorology, and geography of biophysical, geomorphological aspects, and the vegetation and land area to improve the use and care of the biophysical resources or the country. It was created on December 22, 1993, when Congress passed "Law 99 of 1993", replacing the Colombian Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology, and Land Management ("Instituto Colombiano de Hidrología, Meteorología y Adecuación de Tierras" - HIMAT), and it officially started functioning on March 1, 1995. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14990791 |
Nathaniel Wetherell Dr. Nathaniel Thomas Wetherell MRCS FGS (September 6, 1800 – December 22, 1875) was a British geologist and surgeon. His work involved the collection of various fossils found in England. He was born, lived, and died in Highgate, England. Wetherell discovered a strange mixture of rocks and fossils of northern provenance in Coldfall Wood, Muswell Hill in 1835. This led subsequently to the recognition that glaciation had affected southern England. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15003160 |
Ice II is a rhombohedral crystalline form of ice with a highly ordered structure. It is formed from ice I by compressing it at a temperature of 198 K at 300 MPa or by decompressing ice V. When heated it undergoes transformation to ice III. Ordinary water ice is known as ice I, (in the Bridgman nomenclature). Different types of ice, from ice II to ice XVIII, have been created in the laboratory at different temperatures and pressures. It is thought that the cores of icy moons like Jupiter's Ganymede may be made of ice II. The properties of ice II were first described and recorded by Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon Tammann in 1900 during his experiments with ice under high pressure and low temperatures. Having produced ice III, Tammann then tried condensing the ice at a temperature between under of pressure. Tammann noted that in this state ice II was denser than he had observed ice III to be. He also found that both types of ice can be kept at normal atmospheric pressure in a stable condition so long as the temperature is kept at that of liquid air, which slows the change in conformation back to ice I. In later experiments by Bridgman in 1912, it was shown that the difference in volume between ice II and ice III was in the range of . This difference hadn't been discovered by Tammann due to the small change and was why he had been unable to determine an equilibrium curve between the two | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15010138 |
Ice II The curve showed that the structural change from ice III to ice II was more likely to happen if the medium had previously been in the structural conformation of ice II. However, if a sample of ice III that had never been in the ice II state was obtained, it could be supercooled even below −70 °C without it changing into ice II. Conversely, however, any superheating of ice II was not possible in regards to retaining the same form. Bridgman found that the equilibrium curve between ice II and ice IV was much the same as with ice III, having the same stability properties and small volume change. The curve between ice II and ice V was extremely different, however, with the curve's bubble being essentially a straight line and the volume difference being almost always . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15010138 |
Ice V Ice V, pronounced "ice five", is a monoclinic crystalline phase of water, formed by cooling water to 253 K at 500 MPa. It has a density of 1.24 g cm (at 350 MPa). has a complicated structure, including 4-membered, 5-membered, 6-membered, and 8-membered rings and a total of 28 molecules in the unit cell. Ganymede's interior probably includes a liquid water ocean with tens to hundreds of kilometers of at its base. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15010858 |
Ice VI is a form of ice that exists at high pressure at the order of about 1 GPa (= 10 000 bar) and temperatures ranging from 130 up to 355 Kelvin (−143°C up to 82°C); see also the phase diagram of water. Its discovery and the discovery of other high pressure forms of water was published by P.W. Bridgman in January 1912. has a density of 1.31 g/cm³ and a tetragonal crystal system with the space group P4/nmc; its unit cell contains 10 water molecules and has the dimensions a=6.27 Å and c=5.79 Å. The triple point of "ice VI" with ice VII and liquid water is at about 82°C and 2.22 GPa and its triple point with ice V and liquid water is at 0.16°C and 0.6324 GPa = 6324 bar. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15010979 |
Ice VIII is a tetragonal crystalline form of ice formed from ice VII by cooling it below 5 °C. It is more ordered than ice VII, since the hydrogen atoms assume fixed positions. Ordinary water ice is known as ice I, (in the Bridgman nomenclature). Different types of ice, from ice II to ice XVIII, have been created in the laboratory at different temperatures and pressures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15011503 |
Ice XV is a crystalline form of ice, the proton-ordered form of ice VI. It is created by cooling water to around 130 K at 1 GPa (9820 atm). Ordinary water ice is known as ice I, (in the Bridgman nomenclature). Different types of ice, from ice II to ice XVI, have been created in the laboratory at different temperatures and pressures. On 14 June, 2009, Christoph Salzmann at the University of Oxford and colleagues reported having created ice XV and say that its properties differ significantly from those predicted. In particular, ice XV is antiferroelectric rather than ferroelectric as had been predicted. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15013011 |
Johann Philipp Breyne FRS (9 August 1680, Danzig (Gdańsk), Royal Prussia (a fief of the Crown of Poland) – 12 December 1764, Danzig, Royal Prussia), son of Jacob Breyne (1637–97), was a German-Polish botanist, palaeontologist, zoologist and entomologist. He is best known for his work on the Polish cochineal ("Porphyrophora polonica"), an insect formerly used in production of red dye. Proposed by Hans Sloane, he was elected, on 21 April 1703, a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was also a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (after 1715) and the Societas Litteraria (after 1720) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15042013 |
Arvid David Hummel (30 April 1778, Göteborg – 20 October 1836, Ekenäs) was a Swedish entomologist. Hummel was a notary. He wrote "Essais entomologiques". St. Pétersbourg: de l'Imprimerie de la Chancellerie privée du Ministère de l'Intérieur, 1821–29. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15047567 |
Jean Nicolas Vallot (22 February 1771 in Dijon – 22 January 1860, idem) was a French entomologist. He wrote "Détermination précise des insectes nuisibles, mentionnés dans les différents traités relatifs à la culture des arbres fruitiers, et indications des moyens à employer pour s'opposer à leurs ravages" (1827) He described the predatory gall midge "Feltiella acarisuga". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15047995 |
Lomonosov (Martian crater) Lomonosov is a crater on Mars, with a diameter close to 150 km. It is located in the Martian northern plains. Since it is large and found close (64.9° north) to the boundary between the Mare Acidalium quadrangle and the Mare Boreum quadrangle, it is found on both maps. The topography is smooth and young in this area, hence Lomonosov is easy to spot on large maps of Mars. The crater was named in 1973 in honour of Mikhail V. Lomonosov. The impact that created the crater has been identified as a possible source of tsunami waves which washed the shores of an ancient ocean formerly present in the basin Vastitas Borealis. In July 2019, further support was reported for an ancient ocean on Mars that may have been formed by a possible mega-tsunami source resulting from a meteorite impact creating Lomonosov crater. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15051168 |
Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS, ) is a Russian scientific research centre "for further development of the experimental base and fundamental research activities in the field of atomic nucleus, elementary particle and cosmic ray physics and neutrino astrophysics". It was founded in 1970 by the Decree of the USSR Council of Ministers. Located in Moscow, Russia near the Moscow State University and in Troitsk. The Institute is a founder of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory, the Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope (Lake Baikal) and the former Artemovskaya Scientific Station (Soledar, Ukraine). About 1,300 specialists including 5 academicians and 2 corresponding members of the RAS, 42 doctors and 160 candidates of science work in the institute. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15058321 |
Constant Vincent Houlbert (18 July 1857 in Voutré en Mayenne – 22 December 1947 in Rennes) was a French entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. He was a conservator at the Museum in Rennes and later Professor in the School of Medicine and Pharmacy at the University of Rennes. He wrote with René Oberthür Lucanides de Java. "Insecta; revue illustree d’Entomologie, Rennes" (1912–1914), "Tableaux génériques illustrés des Coléoptères de France". Rennes (1912), various parts of "Faune entomologique armoricaine" with Eugène Monnot and many other works. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15058910 |
Auguste Drapiez Pierre Auguste Joseph Drapiez (28 August 1778, Lille – 28 December 1856, Bruxelles) was a Belgian naturalist. He founded with the French botanist Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent (1778–1846) and the Belgian chemist Jean-Baptiste Van Mons (1765–1842) the ""Annales générales de Sciences physiques consacrées aux Sciences naturelles" " published in six volumes between 1819 and 1822. His ""Dictionnaire portatif de chimie, de minéralogie et de géologie, en rapport avec l'état présent de ces sciences, composé par une société de chimistes, de minéralogistes et de géologues" " was published in 1824 and ""Résumé d'ornithologie ou d'histoire naturelle des oiseaux" " in 1829. He published in 1833 with Pierre Corneille van Geel (1796–1838), ""Encyclographie du règne végétal" ". He was also the author of ""Guide pratique de minéralogie usuelle" " and ""Dictionnaire classique des sciences naturelles" ". He left his library of 4,000 volumes to the town of Mons. Drapiez is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of snake, "Boiga drapiezii". He was a founding member of the first "Société des douze". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15063945 |
Einstein–Hopf drag In physics, the (named after Albert Einstein and Ludwig Hopf) is a velocity-dependent drag force upon charged particles that are being bathed in thermal radiation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15068567 |
North American Meteor Network The (NAMN) was established in June 1995 as an electronic social network of people using the Web to share an interest in meteors. With over 600 members, NAMN has three main purposes: NAMN publishes a monthly newsletter "NAMN Notes" and co-sponsors the Global Meteor Observing Forum "meteorobs". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15069748 |
Photo-Carnot engine A photo-Carnot engine is a Carnot cycle engine in which the working medium is a photon inside a cavity with perfectly reflecting walls. Radiation is the working fluid, and the piston is driven by radiation pressure. A quantum Carnot engine is one in which the atoms in the heat bath are given a small bit of quantum coherence. The phase of the atomic coherence provides a new control parameter. The deep physics behind the second law of thermodynamics is not violated; nevertheless, the quantum Carnot engine has certain features that are not possible in a classical engine. The internal energy of the photo-Carnot engine is proportional to the volume (unlike the ideal-gas equivalent) as well as the 4th power of the temperature (see Stefan–Boltzmann law) using formula_1 : The radiation pressure is only proportional to this 4th power of temperature but no other variables, meaning that for this photo-Carnot engine an isotherm is equivalent to an isobar: Using the first law of thermodynamics (formula_4) we can determine the work done through an adiabatic (formula_5) expansion by using the chain rule (formula_6) and setting it equal to formula_7 Combining these formula_8 gives us formula_9 which we can solve to find formula_10 Since the photo-Carnot engine needs a quantum coherence in the gas which is lost during the process, the rebuild of coherency takes more energy than is produced with the machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15069829 |
Photo-Carnot engine The efficiency of this reversible engine including the coherency must at most be the Carnot efficiency, regardless of the mechanism and so formula_11 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15069829 |
Bach (crater) Bach is a double-ringed impact basin within in the Bach quadrangle of Mercury. It was named by the IAU in 1976. Bach is one of many peak-ring basins on Mercury. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15107482 |
Michelangelo (crater) Michelangelo is a 230 km diameter impact basin in the Michelangelo quadrangle of Mercury, which is named after this crater. The crater itself was named by the IAU in 1979 after the Italian painter, sculptor and architect Michelangelo. Michelangelo is one of many Peak-ring basins on Mercury. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15107506 |
Shakespeare (crater) Shakespeare is a 370 km diameter impact basin in the Shakespeare quadrangle of Mercury, which is named after this crater. It is located at 48.1°N, 152.3°W and is named after playwright William Shakespeare. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15107525 |
Santa María Rupes is an escarpment on Mercury at 5.5°N, 19.7°W. It is named after "Santa María", a ship used by Christopher Columbus. The term "rupes" is the Latin word for cliff, and the name is named after the "Santa María", Christopher Columbus' main ship, because all rupes on Mercury are named after the ships of famous explorers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15108459 |
Geology Today is a publication of the Geological Society of London and the Geologists' Association. It is published bi-monthly, with each issue containing eight or more articles, and an annual total of 240 pages. One of the goals of the journal is to provide a balance of news and review articles of topics of current interest in the earth sciences, written in an accessible way by leading experts in the field. "Geology Today" provides reading material for all earth scientists, both amateur and professional, and includes: Prof. Peter Doyle Dr Duncan Pirrie Eric Robinson, UK | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15131512 |
Malcolm Bruce Smith (29 February 1924 – 27 July 2000) was an Australian chemist who studied the egg protein ovalbumin. He described the formation of S-ovalbumin from the native form (R-ovalbumin) as the pH of eggs rises over time. He was raised and educated at schools in Angaston and Nuriootpa in the Barossa Valley of South Australia, before winning a Country Scholarship to study Industrial Chemistry at the South Australian School of Mines in Adelaide. His studies were interrupted by World War II, when he was recruited to a laboratory position by the Munitions Department. After some years working for a public analyst in Adelaide, C.A.Smythe & Co, he was engaged by the Australian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (later renamed the C.S.I.R.O) as a Technical Officer at the Division of Food Preservation and Transport in Sydney. He remained in this employment until retiring on 29 February 1984 from the position of Principal Research Scientist at the then named Division of Food Research. He was co-author of a history of his Division, published in 1979. He was awarded degrees of BSc and MSc at the University of New South Wales in 1956 and 1959, and was awarded the degree of Doctor of Science by that University in 1980, upon a discourse which discussed his published research into 'Physico-Chemical Studies on Proteins, with Particular Reference to the Structure and Stability of Egg Proteins.' Malcolm Smith married Josephine Lucy in Adelaide in 1945, and had two daughters and two sons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15140792 |
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