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Dali Chasma The Dali and Diana Chasma system consist of deep troughs that extend for and are very distinct features on Venus. Those chasma connect the Ovda Regio and Thetis Regio highlands with the large volcanoes at Atla Regio and thus are considered to be the "Scorpion Tail" of Aphrodite Terra. The broad, curving scarp resembles some of Earth's subduction zones where crustal plates are pushed over each other. The radar-bright surface at the highest elevation along the scarp is similar to surfaces in other elevated regions where some metallic mineral such as pyrite (fool's gold) may occur on the surface. These features are named for the Georgian goddess Dali and the Roman goddess Diana, respectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16805301 |
Goeppert-Mayer (crater) Goeppert-Mayer is a crater on the planet Venus. It is in diameter and lies above an escarpment at the edge of a ridge belt in Southern Ishtar Terra. West of the crater the scarp has more than one kilometer (0.6 miles) of relief. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16805361 |
Kaohsiung Astronomical Museum The () is an astronomical museum in Siaogang District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The museum was established in 2000. The museum has a 2-meter-diameter constellation map, which is the largest ever created in Chinese, and contains the NT$6 million Temma Mewlon 300mm reflector telescope, the most developed telescope ever owned by a museum or organization other than the research institutes in Taiwan. The museum is accessible within walking distance South West from Kaohsiung International Airport Station of the Kaohsiung MRT. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16808813 |
Solobacterium moorei is a bacterium that has been identified as a contributor to halitosis. It is a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus, erroneously known as "Bulleidia moorei", in the family Erysipelotrichaceae of the order Erysipelotrichales. This particular strain was identified by Kageyama and Benno in 2000, previously an unclassified Clostridium group RCA59. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16820016 |
CFD-DEM model A is suitable for the modeling or simulation of fluid-solids or fluid-particles systems. In a typical CFD-DEM model, the phase motion of discrete solids or particles is obtained by the Discrete Element Method (DEM) which applies Newton's laws of motion to every particle and the flow of continuum fluid is described by the local averaged Navier–Stokes equations that can be solved by the traditional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The model is first proposed by Tsuji et al. The interactions between the fluid phase and solids phase is better modeled according to Newton's third law. Open source and non-commercial software: OpenMP has been shown to be more efficient in performing coupled CFD-DEM calculations in parallel framework as compared to MPI by Amritkar et al. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16821478 |
Julius Tafel He worked first with Hermann Emil Fischer on the field of organic chemistry, but changed to electrochemistry after his work with Wilhelm Ostwald. He is known for the discovery of an electrosynthetic rearrangement reaction of various alkylated ethyl acetoacetates to form hydrocarbons, now called the Tafel rearrangement, and the Tafel equation, which relates the rate of an electrochemical reaction to the overpotential. He is also credited for the discovery of the catalytic mechanism of hydrogen evolution (the Tafel mechanism). Tafel retired aged 48 due to ill health, but continued to write book reviews until his death. Tafel suffered from insomnia and eventually had a complete nervous breakdown. He committed suicide in Munich in 1918. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16821884 |
Sundowner winds A sundowner is a northerly offshore wind in Santa Barbara, California. It occurs when a region of high pressure is directly north of the area, the coast of which trends east–west. This contrasts with the more typical onshore flow. The winds blow with greatest force when the pressure gradient is perpendicular to the axis of the Santa Ynez Mountains, which rise directly behind Santa Barbara. These winds often precede Santa Ana events by a day or two, as it is normal for high-pressure areas to migrate east, causing the pressure gradients to shift to the northeast. Sundowners are particularly dangerous during wildfire season because the air heats and dries as it descends from the mountains to the sea. Gale force hot, dry winds can make firefighting impossible. A sundowner quickly burned a swath from the mountains through populated areas and across Highway 101 into Hope Ranch during the 1990 Painted Cave Fire. The most intense periods of the Jesusita Fire's destruction have also been blamed on sundowner winds. The Sherpa Fire grew to overnight due to the sundowner winds, destroying the water system for El Capitán State Beach at the beginning of the 2016 fire season. The etymology of the word "sundowner" is uncertain, but it may derive from the Spanish term "zonda," or from the Arabic "simoom", which are both similar wind phenomena.. It is also typically the case that sundowner winds commence in the evening near sunset, when onshore sea breezes abate and offshore flows such as the sundowners pick up. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16829488 |
Ba'het Corona Bahet Corona is a type of geological feature called corona on the surface of Venus. About long and across, it is adjacent to Onatah Corona. Both features are surrounded by a ring of ridges and troughs, which in places cut more radially-oriented fractures. The centers of the features also contain radial fractures as well as volcanic domes and flows. Coronae are thought to form due to the upwelling of hot material from deep in the interior of Venus. The two coronae may have formed at the same time over a single upwelling, or may indicate movement of the upwelling or the upper layers of the planet to the west over time. A 'pancake' dome, similar to low-relief domes see in the southern hemisphere, is located just to the southwest of Bahet. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16829809 |
Onatah Corona is a corona (a geological feature) on Venus adjacent to Ba'het Corona. Both features are surrounded by a ring of ridges and troughs, which in places cut more radially-oriented fractures. The centers of the features also contain radial fractures as well as volcanic domes and flows. Coronae are thought to form due to the upwelling of hot material from deep in the interior of Venus. The two coronae may have formed at the same time over a single upwelling, or may indicate movement of the upwelling or the upper layers of the planet to the west over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16829854 |
Pre-integration complex The pre-integration complex (PIC) is a nucleoprotein complex of viral genetic material and associated viral and host proteins which is capable of inserting a viral genome into a host genome. The PIC forms after uncoating of a viral particle after entry into the host cell. In the case of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the PIC forms after the Reverse Transcription Complex (RTC) has reverse transcribed the viral RNA into DNA. The PIC consists of viral proteins (including Vpr, matrix and integrase), host proteins (including Barrier to autointegration factor 1) and the viral DNA. The PIC enters the cellular nucleus through the nuclear pore complex without disrupting the nuclear envelope, thus allowing HIV and related retroviruses to replicate in non-dividing cells. Following nuclear entry, the PIC's DNA payload may be integrated into the host DNA as a "provirus". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16832751 |
Josephine Kablick Josephine Ettel Kablick (March 9 1787 – July 21, 1863) was a pioneering Czech botanist and paleontologist. Kablick studied under the best botanists of her time. She collected plant and fossil samples for institutions throughout Europe. Many of the fossils and plants she collected are named in her honor. Kablick lived in the Czech city of Vrchlabí (then Hohenelbe ). She was extremely strong and healthy and became an enthusiastic collector of specimens in all weathers. She collected plant and fossil samples especially from the Sudeten Mountains for schools, museums, learned societies and universities throughout Europe. Filip Maximilian Opiz's "Interchangeable Institute for the exchange of herbarium specimens" (German Pflanzentausch-Anstalt) lists over 25,000 specimens collected by her. Her husband Adalbert Kablik was a pharmacologist and zoologist and very supportive of his wife's occupation. Her name is sometimes spelled Josefina Kablíková | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16847363 |
Hun Kal (crater) Hun Kal is a small crater on Mercury that serves as the reference point for the planet's system of longitude. The longitude of Hun Kal's center is defined as being 20° W, thus establishing the planet's prime meridian. Hun Kal was chosen as a reference point since the actual prime meridian was in shadow when "Mariner 10" photographed the region, hiding any features near 0° longitude from view. Hun Kal is about 1.5 km in diameter. The name "Hun Kal" means '20' in the language of the Maya. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16849249 |
Ilma Grace Stone (1913 – 2001), née Balfe, was an Australian botanist who specialised in bryology. She was an author, collector, and researcher of Australian mosses, a subject on which she lectured and wrote. Stone had graduated from the University of Melbourne by 1933, with a degree in Science, but did not begin her work on Bryophytes until around 20 years later. In 1953 she published a description of a new species, "Fissidens gymnocarpus", and continued to contribute to moss taxonomy. Stone published more than 70 papers during her career, 11 after the age of 80. She is noted for keen observation and attention to often small and overlooked moss species, and for her contributions to their taxonomy. Stone is credited with significantly increasing knowledge of mosses in Australia, especially those in Queensland. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16861357 |
Saul Winstein (October 8, 1912 – November 23, 1969) was a Jewish Canadian chemist who discovered the "Winstein reaction." He argued a non-classical cation was needed to explain the stability of the norbornyl cation. This fueled a debate with Herbert C. Brown over the existence of σ-delocalized carbocations. Winstein also first proposed the concept of an intimate ion pair. He was co-author of the Grunwald–Winstein equation, concerning solvolysis rates. Richard F. Heck, who earlier in his career had undertaken postgraduate studies with Winstein, won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16862544 |
NGC 3607 is an unbarred spiral galaxy that forms part of the Leo II Group (Group) of galaxies. Orbital motions of the globular cluster system imply an unusual poverty of dark matter: perhaps 16±44% of the total mass within 5 effective radii. Recent article shows that its central black hole has a mass of about M = (1.2 ± 0.4) × 10 M | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16866876 |
NGC 3432 is a spiral galaxy that can be found in the constellation Leo Minor. It is currently interacting with UGC 5983, a dwarf galaxy. Tidal filaments and intense star formation can also been seen from the interaction, which is why it was listed in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16867821 |
NGC 3504 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor. There is a large amount of molecular gas centered on the galactic nuculeus. Compared with other barred spiral galaxies, is in an early phase of its evolution. The mass of has been difficult to narrow down, but it is believed to be between 2.5*10 M⊙ and 9*10 M⊙. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16867919 |
Carl Geyer (1796–1841) was a German entomologist who wrote and illustrated various supplements to Jacob Hübner's works on Lepidoptera. was by profession an artist. He is not to be confused with Karl Andreas Geyer (1809–1853), a botanist and plant collector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16868231 |
Lowell (Martian crater) The Lowell crater is a large impact crater on Aonia Terra in the Thaumasia quadrangle of Mars. The crater is about 203 kilometers (127 miles) in diameter. Lowell is an example of a well-preserved peak ring crater on Mars. Nearby features include the craters Slipher to the north, Douglass to the east, and Coblentz to the southwest, the small mountain Aonia Mons to the west, and Aonia Planum to the southeast. Lowell crater is named for Percival Lowell who built the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, in 1894, and then started observing Mars intensively for years. He used the observatory and his large refractor telescope to discover over 500 canals on Mars. Lowell promoted the idea that they were constructed by an intelligent race of Martians. However, when pictures were received from spacecraft, the canals were found to be optical illusions. Nevertheless, much of the later interest in Mars exploration resulted from the efforts of Lowell. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16891930 |
Atomic fountain An atomic fountain is a cloud of atoms that is tossed upwards in the Earth's gravitational field by lasers. If it were visible, it would resemble the water in a fountain. While weightless in the toss, the atoms are measured to set the frequency of an atomic clock. The primary motivation behind the development of the atomic fountain derives from the Ramsey method of measuring the frequency of atomic transitions. In broad strokes, the Ramsey method involves exposing a cloud of atoms to a brief radiofrequency (rf) electromagnetic field; waiting a time "T"; briefly exposing the cloud to the rf field again; and then measuring what fraction of the atoms in the cloud have transitioned. If the frequency of the rf field is identical to the atomic transition frequency, 100% of the atoms will have transitioned; if the frequency of the field differs slightly from the transition frequency, some of the atoms will not have transitioned. By repeatedly sending clouds of atoms through such an apparatus, the frequency of the field can be adjusted to match the atomic transition frequency. The precision of the Ramsey method can be increased by increasing the wait time "T" of the cloud. The use of an atomic fountain with a cooled atomic cloud allows for wait times on the order of one second, which is vastly greater than what can be achieved by performing the Ramsey method on a hot atomic beam. This is one reason why NIST-F1, a caesium fountain clock, can keep time more precisely than NIST-7, a caesium beam clock | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16899513 |
Atomic fountain The idea of the atomic fountain was first proposed in the 1950s by Jerrold Zacharias. Zacharias attempted to implement an atomic fountain using a thermal beam of atoms, under the assumption that the atoms at the low-velocity end of the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution would be of sufficiently low energy to execute a reasonably sized parabolic trajectory. However, the attempt was not successful because fast atoms in a thermal beam struck the low-velocity atoms and scattered them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16899513 |
Icilio Guareschi (24 December 1847 – 20 June 1918) was an Italian chemist. studied at the University of Bologna and received his Ph.D there in 1871. He became professor at the University of Siena and in 1879 at the University of Turin, where he worked until his death in 1918. Guareschi worked in the field of organic chemistry, pharmacy, toxicology and the history and chemistry. In 1894 he discovered a reaction to synthesise 2-Pyridones, today known as the Guareschi-Thorpe condensation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16924629 |
Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope In astronomical photometry, the Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT) on the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory observes astronomical objects in its 17-by-17 arc minute field of view through one of several filters or grisms. The seven filters, which are similar to those on the XMM-Newton-OM (Optical Monitor) instrument, cover the near-ultraviolet and optical range. The brightness of an object observed in the three optical filters, called u, b, and v, can be converted into the more common Morgan-Johnson (see the UBV photometric system) magnitudes. The three ultraviolet filters probe a spectral region that is not observable from the ground. Although the main mission is to chase gamma-ray bursts as soon as they occur, many other transient celestial sources and other objects in the field of view are being measured. The filters, not being like any other photometric system in use from the ground or in space, give unique photometric measurements. Their response has been defined as the UVOT photometric system, as outlined by. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16933206 |
Copyscope A copyscope is type of refracting telescope that can be made by hand rather than bought in which the objective lens comes from an old photocopy machine, hence the origin of the name. The lenses usually come from defective or old photocopiers, allowing for the objective to be obtained for free or at a low cost. They are usually modest diameter lenses, ranging from 50mm to 60mm, of short focal length, good for use in a portable, wide-field telescope, but unsuitable for higher magnifications. Given the use of good components, however, a copyscope can become a rich-field instrument capable of reaching many extended objects and even star fields. The way in which copyscopes are constructed was first shown and explained in the May 1986 issue of "Astronomy Magazine" by Ken Bird. Surplus photocopier lenses from 200 to 300 mm focal length along with PVC pipe components for the tube and lens holder were used to build the copyscope described in the magazine. Ccopyscopes usually use an objective lens sourced from a photocopier. Usually 50mm to 60mm in diameter, these lenses operate at low f/numbers (f-ratio of around f4 to f6) but cover a large field of view, and usually used at 1:1 conjugate. Other parts of a copyscope include an eyepiece, typically with a barrel diameter of 1 1/4 inches with a focal length of 17 to 20 mm or longer. The availability of components over the Web allows enthusiasts to build a copyscope that can replace small Newtonian design as their first serious telescope. Pros Cons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16947591 |
Robert Leigh is a Canadian physicist working on string theory. Leigh obtained his B.Sc. degree from the University of Guelph in 1986, and his Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin in 1991, working with Joe Polchinski. After postdoctoral positions at Santa Cruz and Rutgers, he has been a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign since 1996. Since 2007, he has been a Fellow of the American Physical Society. Leigh discovered, in association with Dai and Polchinski, an important class of extended objects in string theory, the D-branes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16949604 |
3C 236 is a Fanaroff and Riley Class II (FR II) radio galaxy. It is among the largest known radio galaxies, with the radio structure having a total linear size in excess of 4.5 Mpc (15 million light years); this makes it the second largest object known in the universe. The galaxy features a "double-double" radio morphology consisting of the giant relic 4.5 Mpc source and an inner 2 kpc compact steep spectrum radio source. A recent starburst episode near the nucleus may be related to the event resulting in re-ignition of radio activity | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16954874 |
Velocity overshoot is a physical effect resulting in transit times for charge carriers between terminals that are smaller than the time required for emission of an optical phonon. The velocity therefore exceeds the saturation velocity up to three times, which leads to faster field-effect transistor or bipolar transistor switching. The effect is noticeable in the ordinary field-effect transistor for the gates shorter than 100 nm. The device intentionally designed to benefit from the velocity overshoot is called ballistic collection transistor (not to be mistaken with the ballistic deflection transistor). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16961399 |
Virucide A virucide (pronounced /ˈvī-rə-ˌsīd/ and alternatively spelled "viricide" and "viruscide") is any physical or chemical agent that deactivates or destroys viruses. This differs from an antiviral drug, which inhibits the proliferation of the virus. When using a virucide follow instructions on the label for safe, effective use. Virucides are intended for use on surfaces, not humans. Virucides are currently being used as cleaning agents in airports to help stop the spread of COVID-19. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16963757 |
Spin-destruction collision In atomic physics, a spin-destruction (or spin-disorientation) collision is a physical impact where the spin angular momentum of an atom is irretrievably scrambled. This type of collision can be a significant spin relaxation mechanism for polarized alkali metal vapor. In particular, the relaxation rate of alkali metal atoms in SERF atomic magnetometers is dominated by spin-destruction collisions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16968370 |
Acme zone In biostratigraphy, an acme zone, abundance zone, or peak zone is the area of a teilzone where a particular fossil taxon reaches a higher level of abundance. <br> | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16969298 |
Teilzone In biostratigraphy, a local-range zone, topozone or teilzone (German "teil" = part + Greek "zone") is the stratigraphic range of the rock unit between the first and last appearance datum of a particular taxon in a local area. It is a subset of the global biozone for that taxon. For the teilzone data to be meaningful, the local area must be identified. The term was coined in 1914 by German paleontologist and geologist Josef Felix Pompeckj. <br> | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16969411 |
Álvaro Penteado Crósta is a Brazilian geologist, specialized in remote sensing and mineral exploration. He is an authority on the impact structures of Brazil and known for the "Crosta method/technique". Crósta got a Bachelor's degree in geology from the University of São Paulo in 1977, a Master's degree from Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) in 1982, and a Ph.D. degree from the Imperial College of University of London in 1990. In 1995—1996 he was a visiting scholar at the Desert Research Institute of the University of Nevada at Reno. As of 2005, he is a Full Professor at the Geosciences Institute of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). He was the Institute's Director from 2005 to 2010 and UNICAMP´s Vice-Rector from 2013 to 2017. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16971323 |
Kugel–Khomskii coupling describes a coupling between the spin and orbital degrees of freedom in a solid; it is named after the Russian physicists Kliment I. Kugel (Климент Ильич Кугель) and Daniel I. Khomskii (Daniil I. Khomskii, Даниил Ильич Хомский). The Hamiltonian used is: formula_1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16977033 |
BMA process The or Degussa process is a chemical process developed by the German chemical company Degussa for the production of hydrogen cyanide from methane and ammonia in presence of a platinum catalyst. Hydrogen cyanide is used in the chemical industry for the production of intermediate chemicals like acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, and adiponitrile. The name is abbreviated from Blausäure (hydrogen cyanide) from Methan (methane) and Ammoniak (ammonia) in German. The reaction equation is analog to the steam methane reforming (SMR) reaction of methane and water: The reaction is extremely endothermic. The reactants react in a Platinum-covered pipe at approximately 1400 °C. The reaction mixture contains around 23 Vol.-% HCN and 72 Vol.-% H as well as minor quantities of ammonia, nitrogen, and unreacted methane. The gaseous mixture is introduced in a scrubber and treated with an ammonia solution (producing ammonium cyanide) allowing the other gaseous components: H, CH, and N to pass through. In a second step the HCN is released by acidification of the solution, followed by a final distillation of the hydrogen cyanide. Because of the highly endothermic reaction, the is of lower importance for the production of HCN compared to the Andrussow process. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16982237 |
GLIMPSE Project GLIMPSE is a 5-year project to investigate the controls on thinning at the margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet. It is based in the Glaciology Group at the School of the Environment and Society, Swansea University. The project is headed by Professor Tavi Murray and is funded through a Leverhulme Trust Research Leadership Award presented to Murray in mid-2007. Southern Greenland's margins and outlet glaciers are thinning at a dramatic rate, and this rate appears to be accelerating. These changes will have profound implications for global sea levels, ocean circulation, regional climate, and society. The acceleration in the rate of thinning represents more than simply melting, and coincides with major changes in the dynamics of outlet glaciers (e.g. Rignot & Kanagaratnam 2006). The ice sheet models we use to predict sea level rise do not include outlet glacier dynamic processes, and consequently underestimate Greenland's sea level contribution (Alley et al. 2005). Moreover, our available records of thickness changes are not long enough to be sure whether they represent profound alterations in the ice sheet's behaviour or simply expected natural variability. GLIMPSE is building a world-leading and multi-disciplinary group in Swansea which collaborates with international experts to address these deficiencies. This research will place the known volume change observations in a longer temporal context, identify controls on outlet glacier dynamics, and incorporate these controls within ice sheet models | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16989968 |
GLIMPSE Project The key result will be better predictions of the future extent and behaviour of the Greenland ice sheet and therefore of future sea level rise. At its peak GLIMPSE will consist of 5 post-doctoral researchers and 3 postgraduate researchers. Currently the project consists of: Project partners include: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16989968 |
Ralph Connor (scientist) Ralph Connor (1907-1990) was an American chemist. Connor is best known for his research in organic chemistry, catalysis, synthesis, explosives, and reaction mechanisms. He served as a division chief on the National Defense Research Committee in World War II, and received many honors including the Priestley Medal of the American Chemical Society in 1967, Great Britain’s King's Medal for Service in the Cause of Freedom, and the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Chemists, among others. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16996762 |
Andrej Čadež (September 12, 1942- in Ljubljana) is a Slovene physicist and astrophysicist. He is the author of "Fizika zvezd" published in Ljubljana in 1986. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17010581 |
Keisuke Ito As a doctor, Ito developed a vaccination against smallpox. He also widely studied the Japanese flora and fauna with Philipp Franz von Siebold, the author of "Fauna Japonica" and "Flora Japonica". "Rhododendron keiskei" has been named after him. He wrote "Taisei honzou meiso" (Japanese:"泰西本草名疏") published in 1829. Ito became a professor at the University of Tokyo in 1881. He died in 1901, and he was ennobled with the title of baron (danshaku). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17019451 |
Jan Krzysztof Kluk (September 13, 1739 – July 2, 1796) was a Polish naturalist agronomist and entomologist. He was the son of Jan Krzysztof Adrian and Marianna Elżbieta. His father, an impoverished nobleman, was a building contractor and architect, mainly of churches. went to school in Warsaw, later in Drohiczyn, and finally in the Piarists school in Łuków. In 1763 he finished the Missionary seminary in the Holy Cross Church, Warsaw. From 1763–67 he was a domestic chaplain attached to the noble household of Tomasz Ossoliński, the starosta of . From 1767–70 he wasvicar of the parish of Winna. He later became vicar of the parish of Ciechanowiec, a position he kept until his death. He was a man with universal interests, but known mostly as a naturalist studying mainly the regions of Podlaskie and Masovia. He was a very able draftsman and engraver, which permitted him to illustrate his own later works. Princess Anna Jabłonowska gave him access to the great library and natural science collections in her palace of Siemiatycze. Many of his published works were breakthroughs in contemporary Polish natural science and agriculture. He spent most of his life in Ciechanowiec where he died. He was a Catholic priest, and vicar of Ciechanowiec. Kluk described several taxa of Lepidoptera including the Holarctic "Nymphalis", the South American genus "Heliconius", and the genus "Danaus" in which is placed the monarch. There is a Krzysztof Kluk Museum of Agriculture in Ciechanowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17036154 |
Jan Krzysztof Kluk He wrote a multi-volume work "Zwierząt domowych i dzikich, osobliwie krajowych historii naturalnej początki i gospodarstwo" (in English The natural history of domestic and (Polish) wild animals and of farm animals, published in Warsaw in 1780. Another notable Kluk work was the three volumes entitled "Dykcjonarz roślinny…" (English: The Dictionary of Plants), published from 1786 to 1788 in Warsaw (volume I – 1786, volume II – 1787, volume III – 1788). The Dictionary contains entries in Latin alphabetical order that comprise 1 536 species of plants of Polish and foreign origin. Importantly, not only Latin but also Polish names were given. Prof. Gabriel Brzęk wrote several biographical books about Jan Krzysztof Kluk: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17036154 |
Patrick A. Lee (born 8 September 1946, British Hong Kong) is a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After spending ten years with the Theoretical Physics Department at Bell Laboratories, Lee joined MIT in 1982. He has contributed to the field of "mesoscopic physics," or the study of small devices at low temperatures. He has also made important contributions to the theory of disordered electronic systems, among them the concept of universal conductance fluctuations. He was awarded the 2005 Dirac Medal of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics as well as the Oliver Buckley Prize of the American Physical Society. He is currently researching high temperature superconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17037221 |
Ângelo Moreira da Costa Lima (1887–1964) was the foremost Brazilian entomologist of his time, and his still-consulted works continue to assure his place in the history of science as the "Father" of Brazilian entomology. Costa Lima, as he is called in Brazil, was born on June 29, 1887, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Valeriano Moreira da Costa Lima and Rosa Delfina Brum de Lima. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17037775 |
Iron Age Cold Epoch The (also referred to as Iron Age climate pessimum or Iron Age neoglaciation) was a period of unusually cold climate in the North Atlantic region, lasting from about 900 BC to about 300 BC, with an especially cold wave in 450 BC during the expansion of ancient Greece. It was followed by the Roman Warm Period (250 BC – 400 AD). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17042623 |
Middle Bronze Age Cold Epoch The was a period of unusually cold climate in the North Atlantic region, lasting from about 1800 BC to about 1500 BC. During that epoch, a series of severe volcanic eruptions occurred, including Mount Vesuvius (Avellino eruption, about 1660 BC), Mount Aniakchak (about 1645 BC), and Thera (Minoan eruption, about 1620 BC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17044510 |
Gilberto Righi (1937–1999) was an important earthworm taxonomist from São Paulo, Brazil, who helped define the magnitude of his country's diverse soil fauna. During more than 40 highly productive years as professor and researcher at the University of São Paulo, Righi published over 100 scientific papers, 85 of which treat earthworm taxonomy, 5 treat earthworm physiology, 5 treat earthworm ecology, and 3 treat earthworm biogeography. Besides these, he issued 16 papers on microdrile oligochaetes and 17 on other invertebrate groups, mainly on crustaceans and molluscs. Most of Righi's taxonomic work was on Brazilian earthworms, but he also studied species from other Neotropical countries, including Peruvian earthworms. Righi was the author of one new family, 25 new genera, and 224 new species of earthworms, mostly from Brazil (Fragoso, Brown & Feijoo, 2003). Righi's vast collection of earthworms, in over 1600 spirit containers, is deposited in the Oligochaeta collection of the Museu de Zoologia of the University of São Paulo (Moreno & Mischis, 2003). In addition, his Amazonian material can be found at both the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, in Manaus, and the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, in Belém. A complete bibliography of Righi's publications on earthworms can be found in Mischis & Reynolds (1999). In the words of Dr | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17045201 |
Gilberto Righi Mischis, Righi's student and co-worker: "Professor was a man of science who over and above his achievements in the scientific field was a teacher and most of all a man of goodness" (Moreno & Mischis, 2003). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17045201 |
Rudolph Schild Rudolph E. Schild (born 10 January 1940) is an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, who has been active since the mid-1960s. He has authored or contributed to over 250 papers, of which 150 are in refereed journals. He is married to mezzo-soprano Jane Struss, who teaches voice at Longy School of Music. Schild is a proponent of "magnetospheric eternally collapsing objects" (MECOs), an alternative to black holes. These results are most often published in the fringe "Journal of Cosmology", an astronomy journal edited by Schild himself, while his other research is published in mainstream astronomy journals such as "MNRAS" and the "Astronomical Journal". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17051408 |
List of obsolete taxa In the history of the Linnaean classification system, many taxa (e.g. species, genera, families, and higher taxonomic ranks) have become defunct or obsolete, and are no longer used. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17052728 |
Atomichron The was the world's first commercial atomic clock, built by the National Company, Inc of Malden, Massachusetts. It was also the first self-contained portable atomic clock and was a caesium standard clock. More than 50 clocks with the trademarked name were produced. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17070368 |
Sparagmite (from the Latin "sparagma", meaning "fragment") is an arkosic sandstone, greywacke and conglomerate set of beds so named by Jens Esmark in 1829. Deposited in what is now Scandinavia during the Neoproterozoic Era to early Cambrian time, the sparagmite nappes were transported up to several hundred kilometers during the Caledonian collision. is characterized by high feldspar percentages of microcline. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17074552 |
Thiokinase A is a ligase that synthesizes CoA Thioesters. They are classified under EC number 6.2, but often have primary names without "thiokinase" in the title. Types include: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17091143 |
Phosphoroscope A phosphoroscope is piece of experimental equipment devised in 1857 by physicist A. E. Becquerel to measure how long it takes a phosphorescent material to stop glowing after it has been excited. It consists of two rotating disks with holes in them. The holes are arranged on each disk at equal angular intervals and a constant distance from the centre, but the holes in one disk do not align with the holes in the other. A sample of phosphorescent material is placed in between the two disks. Light coming in through a hole in one of the discs excites the phosphorescent material which then emits light for a short amount of time. The disks are then rotated and by changing their speed, the length of time the material glows can be determined. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17094147 |
Gallium indium arsenide antimonide phosphide ( or GaInPAsSb) is a semiconductor material. Research has shown that GaInAsSbP can be used in the manufacture of mid-infrared light-emitting diodes and thermophotovoltaic cells. GaInAsSbP layers can be grown by heteroepitaxy on indium arsenide, gallium antimonide and other materials. The exact composition can be tuned in order to make it lattice matched. The presence of five elements in the alloy allows extra degrees of freedom, making it possible to fix the lattice constant while varying the bandgap. E.g. GaInPAsSb is lattice matched to InAs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17118806 |
Fredrik Hagemann (4 March 1929 – 12 June 2019) was a Norwegian geologist and bureaucrat He was born in Andenes as the son of literary historian and literary critic Sonja Hagemann. He graduated with the cand.real. degree, and worked in the Norwegian Geological Survey from 1957 to 1966. responsible for petroleum issues ("seksjonssjef") in the Norwegian Ministry of Industry from 1966 to 1972 and then Director of the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate from 1972 to 1997. His successor Gunnar Berge had been appointed already in 1990, but waited several years to take the post; during this period Hagemann was the acting Petroleum Director. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17119527 |
Siegenian The was an epoch of the Devonian period spanning from 411.2 +/- 2.8 To 407 +/- 2.8 Ma. The term overlaps with parts of the internationally recognised Pragian and Emsian epochs, and although once widely used is now deprecated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17131803 |
ZW II 96 The object (also II Zw 96) is a pair of galaxies that are merging. It is located in the constellation Delphinus, about 500 million light-years away from Earth. The shape of the merging galaxies is unusual; a number of powerful young starburst regions hang as long, threadlike structures between the main galaxy cores. The system almost qualifies as an ultraluminous system, but has not yet reached the late stage of coalescence that is the norm for most ultraluminous systems. The photograph is one of a collection of 59 images of merging galaxies taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. This collection of images was released on the occasion of the 18th anniversary of Hubble's launch on 24 April 2008. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17142884 |
Bane (plant) The term bane (from , meaning "thing causing death, poison"), in botany, is an archaic element in the common names of plants known to be toxic or poisonous. In the Middle Ages, several poisonous plants of the genus "Aconitum" were thought to have prophylactic qualities, repelling and protecting against that which they were "banes" to (e.g. "henbane", "wolfsbane"). There is no single species, genus, or family of poisonous plant exclusively referred to as "banes". Several unrelated plants bear the name. In medieval Europe, the toxic entheogen "Aconitine" was believed to prevent werewolves from undergoing their dire transformations. In the Southeastern United States, sheep and cattle straying into woodland and grazing "Kalmia latifolia" have been known to suffer from its toxic effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17158634 |
José Cândido de Melo Carvalho (June 11, 1914 – October 22, 1994) was a Brazilian zoologist who specialized in entomology and was a world authority on the true bugs or Hemiptera. He was director of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (1955–1960), in Belém, and of the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. His abilities both in science and in the field of politics helped Brazil to develop and maintain a high level of systematic biology. Carvalho published more than 500 papers on the taxonomy of the Miridae, as well as studies of other insect groups. Between 1957 and 1960 his catalog of the Miridae of the world was published by the National Museum, totaling more than 1,100 pages. He coordinated the edition of "Atlas da Fauna Brasileira", a book on Brazilian animals. In addition, he published on the knowledge of animals by Indians of the Xingu River basin, and on the explorations of early naturalists in the Amazon. He was a member of the Vatican Academy of Sciences, and Vice President of the Brazilian National Research Council. He participated in the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, at which time he became friends with future Brazilian president Castelo Branco. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17164656 |
Flaser bed Flaser beds are a sedimentary, bi-directional, bedding pattern created when a sediment is exposed to intermittent flows, leading to alternating sand and mud layers. While flaser beds typically form in tidal environments, they can (rarely) form in fluvial conditions - on point bars or in ephemeral streams. Individual sand ripples are created, which are later infilled by mud during quieter flow periods. These mud drapes are typically a minor constituent of the deposit; they can consolidate within three hours, protecting the underlying layer from erosion. Flaser bedding typically forms in high-energy environments but some have also been described in turbiditic sediments reworked by contour currents (Rebesco, 2014). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17176656 |
Integrated fluidic circuit (IFC) is a type of integrated circuit (IC) using fluids. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17181487 |
Indigen In general usage the word indigen is treated as a variant of the word indigene, meaning a native. The IndiGen programme on Genomics for Public Health in India is led by the CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology and funded by CSIR India. The aim of the programme was to undertake whole genome sequencing of thousands of individuals representing diverse ethnic groups from India with the objective to enable genetic epidemiology and develop public health technologies applications using population genome data. The IndiGenome programme as announced complete by the Hon'ble Minister of Science and Technology . The IndiGenomes resource hosts searchable data on the programme. The programme has also leapfrogged India in the area of genomic business accelerating the adaptation of genomics in clinics and as well as stimulating Indian industry to develop and deploy produucts based on genomics for healthcare applications. However, it was used in a strictly botanical sense for the first time in 1918 by Liberty Hyde Bailey ((1858–1954) an American horticulturist, botanist and cofounder of the American Society for Horticultural Science) and described as a plant " ... "a species of which we know the nativity, - one that is somewhere recorded as indigenous". " The term was coined to contrast with cultigen which he defined in the 1923 paper as: " ... "the species, or its equivalent, that has appeared under domestication, – the plant is cultigenous."" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17204562 |
Beverly Halstead Lambert (13 June 1933 – 30 April 1991), who also went by Lambert Tarlo, was a British paleontologist and professor of Geology & Zoology and popularizer of science. He was noted for his candid theories of dinosaur sexual habits, and also for a prolonged assault on phylogenetic systematics (or "cladism", as he referred to it), in a series of letters and editorials to the journal Nature in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He was President of the Geologists' Association for 1990-91. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17211617 |
Shi Yafeng (; March 21, 1919 – February 13, 2011) was Chinese geographer and glaciologist. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was an expert on geography and glaciology, and regarded as the "Father of Chinese Glaciology". Shi was born in Haimen, Jiangsu on March 21, 1919. He did his undergraduate and postgraduate studies both at Zhejiang University. He led the Batoula Glacier Investigation Team, Glaciology and Geocryology Institute of Chinese Academe Science in 1978, which was the first modern Chinese team to systematically investigate glaciers. He was a researcher, vice-director, director, honorary director of the Lanzhou Glacier Frozen Earth Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17218984 |
NGC 1058 is a Seyfert Type 2 galaxy in the NGC 1023 Group, located in the Perseus constellation. It is approximately 27.4 million light years from Earth and has an apparent magnitude of 11.82. It is receding from Earth at , and at relative to the Milky Way. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17219062 |
Opalite is a trade name for man-made opalescent glass and various opal simulants. Other names for this glass product include "argenon", "sea opal", "opal moonstone" and other similar names. It is also used to promote impure varieties of variously colored common opal. Natural (as opposed to the man made Opalite) shares the same basic chemical properties as Opal. It is made of tiny spheres of Silicon Dioxide which stack onto each other in a pyramid grid shape. This grid is what allows the cat’s eye effect to be displayed when the stone is cut into a high domed cabochon. Natural opalite is referred to as "common opal" to prevent confusing it with glass opalite. When opalite glass is placed against a dark background, it appears to have a blue color. When placed against a light background, it is milky white with an orange or pink glow. Because it is glass, it may sometimes contain air bubbles, an after effect of the forming process. is mainly used as a decorative stone, and is usually sold either tumble polished or carved into decorative objects. Some sellers will sell opalite as opal or moonstone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17249422 |
Middle lamella The middle lamella is a layer which cements the cell walls of two adjoining plant cells together. It is the first formed layer which is deposited at the time of cytokinesis. The cell plate that is formed during cell division itself develops into middle lamella or lamellum. The middle lamella is made up of calcium and magnesium pectates. In a mature plant cell it is the outermost layer of cell wall. In plants, the pectins form a unified and continuous layer between adjacent cells. Frequently, it is difficult to distinguish the middle lamella from the primary wall, especially in cells that develop thick secondary walls. In such cases, the two adjacent primary walls and the middle lamella, and perhaps the first layer of the secondary wall of each cell, may be called a compound middle lamella. When the middle lamella is degraded by enzymes, as happens during fruit ripening, the adjacent cells will separate. 2.Telugu Akademi Hyderabad "Intermediate first year Botany" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17252532 |
Binary liquid is a type of chemical combination, which creates a special reaction or feature as a result of mixing two liquid chemicals, that are normally inert or have no function by themselves. A number of chemical products are produced as a result of mixing two chemicals as a binary liquid, such as plastic foams and some explosives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17265186 |
Leander Ditscheiner (4 January 1839 – 1 February 1905) was an Austrian physicist and mathematician, best known for his research on birefringence. was born 1839 in Vienna. He studied at the University of Vienna and later at the University of Heidelberg. He received his Ph.D. in 1857 and became lecturer at the Vienna University of Technology in 1866. In the later years he became assistant professor and full professor in 1883. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17270901 |
Ernst Späth (14 May 1886, in Moravský Beroun (), northern Moravia – 30 September 1946, in Zurich) was an Austrian chemist, specializing in natural products. He was the first to synthesise mescaline and was one of the first to synthesize cuscohygrine on a small scale with Hans Tuppy. He lost everything in World War II, and died with no money. His former student Percy Lavon Julian returned to Vienna, paid for his funeral, and commissioned a bust of Späth, which is still displayed in the foyer of the "Faculty of Chemistry" of the University of Vienna. A second cast of the bust was erected in 1961 in the "Arkadenhof" of the University of Vienna. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17287224 |
Lucien Leon Hauman Lucien Leon Hauman-Merck (8 July 1880 in Ixelles – 16 September 1965 in Brussels) was a Belgian botanist, who studied and collected plants in South America and Africa. He received his education in Gembloux, and afterwards relocated to Argentina, where he obtained a position in the department of agronomy and veterinary medicine at the University of Buenos Aires. From 1904 to 1925 he taught classes in botany, plant pathology and agricultural microbiology at the university. In 1910 he laid the foundations for its botanical garden. In Argentina he conducted important phytogeographical research, and he also performed plant collection duties that involved excursions to Paraguay, Chile and Uruguay as well as in Argentina. In 1927 he returned to Europe, where from 1928 to 1949, he served as a professor of botany at the Free University of Brussels. During this time period he studied African flora, about which, he collected numerous plants in the Belgian Congo. In 1949 he returned to Argentina as an honorary professor at the University of Buenos Aires. The "Jardín Botánico Lucien Hauman" at the university is named in his honor. The genera "Haumania" () and "Haumaniastrum" () commemorate his name, as do species with the epithet of "haumanii". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17287396 |
PubGene AS is a bioinformatics company located in Oslo, Norway and is the daughter company of Inc. In 2001, founders demonstrated one of the first applications of text mining to research in biomedicine (i.e., biomedical text mining). They went on to create the public search engine, exemplifying the approach they pioneered by presenting biomedical terms as graphical networks based on their co-occurrence in MEDLINE texts. The search engine has since been discontinued and incorporated into a commercial product. Co-occurrence networks provide a visual overview of possible relationships between terms and facilitate medical literature retrieval for relevant sets of articles implied by the network display. Commercial applications of the technology are available. Original development of technologies was undertaken in collaboration between the Norwegian Cancer Hospital (Radiumhospitalet) and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The work is supported by the Research Council of Norway and commercialization assisted by Innovation Norway. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17292901 |
Nikolay Emanuel Nikolay Markovich Emanuel (; October 1, 1915 – December 7, 1984) was a Soviet chemist. He was a key specialist in chemical kinetics and mechanics of chemical reactions. He lectured at Moscow State University since 1944 (and was appointed full Professor in 1950). In 1958 he became a corresponding member and in 1966 he became a full member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1974, he was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Buried in Moscow. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17305389 |
Deflection (physics) A deflection, in physics, refers to the change in an object's velocity as a consequence of contact (collision) with a surface or the influence of a field. Examples of the former include a ball bouncing off the ground or a bat; examples of the latter include a beam of electrons used to produce a picture, or the relativistic bending of light due to gravity. An object's deflective efficiency can never equal or surpass 100%, for example: This transfer of some energy into heat or other radiation is a consequence of the theory of thermodynamics, where, for every such interaction, some energy must be converted into alternative forms of energy or is absorbed by the deformation of the objects involved in the collision. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17318749 |
Otto Porsch 12 September 1875 – 2 January 1959) was an Austrian biologist. After his Ph.D he worked with Gottlieb Haberlandt in Graz and did his habilitation with Richard Wettstein in Vienna. He became first director of the botanical garden in Czernowitz (now Chernivtsi, Ukraine) and later professor at the University of Czernowitz (now Chernivtsi University). Porsch became director of the botanical institute in Vienna in 1920. He retired in 1945 and died in 1959. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17322397 |
Carl Ribbe (November 16, 1860, Berlin - August 27, 1934, Dresden) was a German explorer and entomologist. was an insect dealer in Berlin. He travelled widely in the South Seas, exploring Celebes, the Aru Islands, Ceram, Amboina, Key Island, Wumba-Inseln, the Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, Shortland Island and "New Pomerania" (New Guinea). He also collected in Andalusia and Southern Spain. His private collection of Lycaenidae is in the Natural History Museum in Dresden. Ribbe described many new species of butterflies, including "Graphium weiskei". He also collected and sold ethnographic material and published an ethnographical travelogue of his time in Solomon Islands. partial list | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17337160 |
Baron Tornado Index The (BTI), also called Vipir Tornado Index (VTI) is a meteorological computer model. Its main usage is to determine the probabilities of a tornado inside a Tornadic Vortex Signature on the rear flank of a storm, to better alert potential high-risk areas for tornadoes and to easily track them. With the help of NEXRAD weather radar data, mesoscale models and algorithms, the index is measured on a scale of 0 to 10. The higher the BTI value is, the more likely a tornado is on the ground. Shear markers from different colors are used depending on the scale above 2. Yellow markers are used for values between 2 and 3.9, Orange markers are used for values between 4 and 6.9 and red markers are used for values over 7. The product was developed and is marketed by Baron Services of Huntsville, Alabama, and is a part of the company's VIPIR radar analysis product. The system is primarily used by television stations. The BTI first saw public usage in early 2008. WMC-TV, the NBC affiliate in Memphis, Tennessee was the first station to implement the BTI during the 2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak on February 5, 2008 when tracking tornadoes over the Memphis and Jackson areas. The precise tracking of severe storms led WMC-TV in a significant viewer rating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17341361 |
William Adam (malacologist) William Adam (27 Januari 1909, The Hague – 3 November 1988, Brussels) was a Dutch / Belgian malacologist who specialised in cephalopods. Adam described a number of cuttlefish and bobtail squid species, including "Euprymna hoylei", "Sepia cottoni", "Sepia dollfusi", "Sepia dubia", "Sepia reesi", "Sepia sewelli", "Sepia thurstoni", "Sepia vercoi", and "Sepiola knudseni". Adam was born as the son of Constance Jeannette Barkhuijsen and the merchant sailor William Adam. After his schooling in The Hague he visited Java in 1926-27. Upon his return home he studied biology at Utrecht University, obtaining his PhD in 1933 with a dissertation on terrestrial mollusk glands. He then took a position at the Museum of Natural Sciences in Brussels, where he climbed the ranks. In 1952 he became a Belgian citizen. In 1957 Adam became correspondent of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17360732 |
Josef Herzig (25 September 1853 – 4 July 1924) was an Austrian chemist. Herzig was born in Sanok, Galicia, which at that time was part of Austria-Hungary. Herzig went to school in Breslau until 1874, started studying chemistry at the University of Vienna but joined August Wilhelm von Hofmann at the University of Berlin in the second semester. He worked with Robert Bunsen at the University of Heidelberg and received his PhD for work with Ludwig Barth at the University of Vienna. He later became lecturer and, in 1897, professor at the University of Vienna. He died in Vienna in 1924. Herzig was active in the chemistry of natural products. He succeeded in determining the structure of flavonoids quercetin, fisetin and rhamnetin as well as several alkaloids. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17367163 |
Hydroboracite is a hydrated borate mineral (hence the name) of calcium and magnesium, whose chemical composition is CaMgBO(OH)·3HO. It was discovered in 1834 in Atyrau Province, Kazakhstan. is a minor borate ore mineral. <br> | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17373483 |
Meyerhofferite is a hydrated borate mineral of calcium, with the chemical formula CaBO(OH)·2HO, CaBO(OH)·HO or Ca(HBO)·4HO. It occurs principally as an alteration product of inyoite, another borate mineral. Natural meyerhofferite was discovered in 1914 in Death Valley, California It is named for German chemist Wilhelm Meyerhoffer (1864–1906), collaborator with J. H. van't Hoff on the composition and origin of saline minerals, who first synthesized the compound. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17375993 |
Nobleite is a rare borate mineral with the chemical formula CaBO(OH)·3HO. It was discovered in 1961, in Death Valley, California, and is named for Levi F. Noble, a USGS geologist, in honor of his contributions to the geology of the Death Valley region. has also been identified at two localities in Chile and Argentina. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17377082 |
Veatchite is an unusual strontium borate, with the chemical formula SrBO(OH)·HO. There are two known polytypes, veatchite-A and veatchite-p. was discovered in 1938, at the Sterling Borax mine in Tick Canyon, Los Angeles County, California. is named to honor John Veatch, the first person to detect boron in the mineral waters of California. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17378524 |
Felix Bryk (21 January 1882, Vienna – 13 January 1957, Stockholm) was a Swedish anthropologist, entomologist and writer. In entomological circles, Bryk is best known as a lepidopterist; in anthropological history, for his studies in East Africa. He wrote on Carl Linnaeus and was a close friend of Curt Eisner, who worked with him on the Parnassinae. Anthropology Entomology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17402145 |
AUFS Absorbance Units Full Scale (AUFS) is a ubiquitous unit of UV absorbance intensity. is an arbitrary but ubiquitous unit of UV absorbance intensity. It can be used in chemical analysis to quantify components in a mixture, as each components' integrated peak area correspond to their relative abundance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17406353 |
Russell Ormond Redman (born 1951) is a Canadian astronomer and a specialist in radio astronomy who worked on the staff of the National Research Council of Canada at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory until he retired in 2013. In 1966, just after 9th grade, he first volunteered for the DAO in Victoria, British Columbia. His initial publication was a list of nearest stars in the 1970 "Observer's Handbook", while he was still in high school. He received his Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology in 1982, and subsequently published over 75 scientific papers. The inner main-belt asteroid 7886 Redman, discovered by Canadian astronomer David D. Balam in 1993, has been named jointly for him and for Roderick Oliver Redman, Professor of Astronomy at Cambridge University, no relation except that both worked at the DAO during significant parts of their careers. The official naming citation was published on 10 June 1998 (). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17417840 |
Chézy formula In fluid dynamics, the describes the mean flow velocity of turbulent open channel flow. The formula is where The formula is named after Antoine de Chézy, the French hydraulics engineer who devised it in 1775. This formula can also be used with Manning's Roughness Coefficient, instead of Chézy's coefficient. Manning derived the following relation to C based upon experiments: where Both formulae are empirical, but the Manning formula is widely accepted as more accurate and is the base formula still in current use for all open channel flow analysis. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17419853 |
Green Canyon is an area in the Gulf of Mexico that is rich in oil fields and under the control of the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Among other oil fields consist of Atlantis (blocks 699, 700, 742, 743, and 744) operated by BP, Marco Polo (block 608) and K2 (blocks 518 and 562) operated by Anadarko Petroleum, Manatee (block 155) operated by Shell, Shenzi (blocks 609, 610, 653, and 654) operated by BHP Billiton, Droshky (block 244) operated by Marathon Oil, and Tahiti (blocks 596, 597, 640 and 641) operated by Chevron Corporation. Block 185 of is known as Bush Hill and is a well known cold seep with a wide array of tube worms. This area was the first place in the Gulf of Mexico where gas hydrates were recovered in piston cores. Additionally, like most of the Gulf of Mexico, there is a significant amount of salt tectonics. Blocks in this protraction area are defined in UTM zone 15 north in feet. As recorded by a station in Block 184, the air above has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification "Af"), with warm winters and extremely oppressive summers and very low diurnal temperature variation year-round (especially in summer), expected for its location far from any landmasses. Experiencing the purest Gulf influences possible, Green Canyon's summer nighttime low temperatures are some of the highest on Earth for any non-arid location, at least counting those on land. Temperatures below freezing are unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17426234 |
Green Canyon The hot, humid air and warm water during summer and autumn can facilitate the development and sustainment of tropical cyclones, specifically Atlantic hurricanes, the water having surface temperatures above —the typical threshold for tropical development—from May 25 to October 31 on average, and reaching a maximum of on August 5. Precipitation is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, peaking in late summer at the height of the hurricane season, having a secondary peak in winter, and reaching its nadir in late spring. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17426234 |
Breed type is the whole of the characteristics that are typical of a breed of domesticated animals. may include details of form or color that are not directly related to the economic value of the animal, and are usually defined in breed standards. "Examples [of "breed type"] include the shape of horns and the color pattern in cattle, the shape of ear in swine, and the color of the face and shape of the ear in sheep" and are "in a sense, a trademark". "Breed type" in this sense means "qualities (as of bodily contour and carriage) that are felt to indicate excellence in members of a group" and is different from a "type of animal", meaning a variety or breed of domesticated animal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17430515 |
Ralph Anthony Blakelock (1915-1963) was a British botanist. He particularly focused on the research of spermatophites. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17434804 |
Matthias Joseph Anker (May 6, 1771 – April 3, 1843) was an Austrian mineralogist and geologist born in Graz. Some sources place his birth date as May 1, 1772. He received his education in Vienna, afterwards working as a surgeon in the town of Stainz. In 1807 he was called to Graz as a district surgeon, from where he intensified his scientific studies in mineralogy. Four years later, he joined the staff of mineralogist Friedrich Mohs at the Johanneum in Graz, where he eventually became a professor of mineralogy as well as curator of the mineral cabinet. In 1839, he resigned from his teaching position, but stayed on as director of collections. In 1828/29, he supervised the creation of a catalog involving the mineral cabinet at the Johanneum, where in 1833 he reorganized the collection according to the Mohs system. Also, he is credited for providing the first geological map of Styria (1835). In 1825, Wilhelm von Haidinger (1795–1871) named the mineral ankerite in his honor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17480545 |
Slow vertex response The slow vertex response (also called SVR or V potential) is an electrochemical signal associated with electrophysiological recordings of the auditory system, specifically Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). The SVR of a normal human being recorded with surface electrodes can be found at the end of a recorded AEP waveform between the latencies 50-500ms. Detection of SVR is used to estimate thresholds for hearing pathways. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17490047 |
Striation (geology) In geology, a striation is a groove, created by a geological process, on the surface of a rock or a mineral. In structural geology, striations are linear furrows, or linear marks, generated from fault movement. The striation's direction reveals the movement direction in the fault plane. Similar striations called glacial striations can occur in areas subjected to glaciation. Striations can also be caused by underwater landslides. Striations can also be a growth pattern or mineral habit that looks like a set of hairline grooves, shown on faces of certain minerals. Examples of minerals that can show growth striations include pyrite, feldspar, quartz, tourmaline, chalcocite and sphalerite. The surface of rocks can have an altered appearance as a result of the movement of ice. They can show a polished looking surface scarred with glacial striations. Often these striations carved into the bedrock extend for long distances. The scars are a result of hard rocks that were stuck as fragments in the glaciers, being forced into the surface of the bedrock with great pressure along with gradual movement. The bedrock that we can observe these marks in today must be a hard rock able to be able to preserve these features, which could have formed up to 30,000 years ago. Consequently, rocks that are softer don't preserve the polished appearance or the striation features nearly as well. However, other features can be presented on hard rocks like striations, but are formed differently | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17493534 |
Striation (geology) A formation known as a slickenside also shows smooth, polished looking surfaces with scars in uniform lines. Contrary to glacial striations, slickensides are a result of movement along a fault line which erodes the bedrock without the presence of ice. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17493534 |
SYZ conjecture The is an attempt to understand the mirror symmetry conjecture, an issue in theoretical physics and mathematics. The original conjecture was proposed in a paper by Strominger, Yau, and Zaslow, entitled "Mirror Symmetry is "T"-duality". Along with the homological mirror symmetry conjecture, it is one of the most explored tools applied to understand mirror symmetry in mathematical terms. While the homological mirror symmetry is based on homological algebra, the is a geometrical realization of mirror symmetry. In string theory, mirror symmetry relates type IIA and type IIB theories. It predicts that the effective field theory of type IIA and type IIB should be the same if the two theories are compactified on mirror pair manifolds. The uses this fact to realize mirror symmetry. It starts from considering BPS states of type IIA theories compactified on "X", especially 0-branes that have moduli space "X". It is known that all of the BPS states of type IIB theories compactified on "Y" are 3-branes. Therefore, mirror symmetry will map 0-branes of type IIA theories into a subset of 3-branes of type IIB theories. By considering supersymmetric conditions, it has been shown that these 3-branes should be special Lagrangian submanifolds. On the other hand, T-duality does the same transformation in this case, thus "mirror symmetry is T-duality". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17511256 |
Cahnite (Cahnit in German, Cahnita in Spanish, Канит in Russian) is a brittle white or colorless mineral that has perfect cleavage and is usually transparent. It usually forms tetragonal-shaped crystals and it has a hardness of 3 mohs. was discovered in the year 1921. It was named to honor Lazard Cahn (1865–1940), who was a mineral collector and dealer. It is usually found in the Franklin Mine, in Franklin, New Jersey. Until the year 2002, when a sample of cahnite was found in Japan, that was the only known place that cahnite was located. The geological environment that it occurs in is in pegmatites cutting a changed zinc orebody. The chemical formula for cahnite is CaB[AsO](OH). It is made up of 26.91% calcium, 3.63% boron, 25.15% arsenic, 1.35% hydrogen, and 42.96% oxygen. It has a molecular weight of 297.91 grams. is not radioactive. is associated with these other minerals: willemite, rhodonite, pyrochroite, hedyphane, datolite, and baryte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17511268 |
Climate of Ecuador The climate of Ecuador varies by region, due to differences in elevation and, to a degree, in proximity to the equator. The coastal lowlands in the western part of Ecuador are typically warm with temperatures in the region of . Coastal areas are affected by ocean currents and between January and April are hot and rainy. The weather in Quito is consistent with that of a subtropical highland climate. The average temperature during the day is , which generally falls to an average of at night. The average temperature annually is . There are only really two seasons in the city: dry and wet. The dry season (winter) runs from June to September and the wet season (summer) is from October to May. As most of Ecuador is in the southern hemisphere, June to September is considered to be winter, and winter is generally the dry season in warm climates. Spring, summer, and fall are generally the "wet seasons" while winter is the dry (with the exception of the first month of fall being dry). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17530792 |
Bert Main Professor Albert (Bert) Russell Main CBE FAA FANZAAS (6 March 1919 – 3 December 2009) was an Australian zoologist. Born in Perth, Western Australia, he studied zoology at The University of Western Australia. He served in the Australian Imperial Force and the Royal Australian Air Force during World War II, but later returned to zoology, qualifying as a Doctor of Philosophy in 1956, and becoming a Professof of Zoology in 1967. He received many honours for his contribution to zoology including the Mueller Medal, the Gold Medal of the Australian Ecological Society, a CBE, the Centenary Medal, and a Royal Society of Western Australia Medal. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1969. He was married to arachnologist Barbara York Main. is commemorated in the scientific names of a two species of Australian lizards: "Lucasium maini" and "Menetia maini". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17541682 |
SAM1 SAM1, or "Semiempirical ab initio Model 1", is a semiempirical quantum chemistry method for computing molecular properties. It is an implementation the general Neglect of Differential Diatomic Overlap (NDDO) integral approximation, and is efficient and accurate. Related methods are AM1, PM3 and the older MNDO. was developed by M.J.S. Dewar and co-workers at the University of Texas and the University of Florida. Papers describing the implementation of the method and its results were published in 1993 and 1994. The method is implemented in the AMPAC program produced by Semichem builds on the success of the Dewar-style semiempirical models by adding two new aspects to the AM1/PM3 formalism: The performance of for C, H, O, N, F, Cl, Br, and I was claimed to be superior to other semiempirical methods. Especially noteworthy were the smaller systematic errors for heats for formation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17546914 |
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