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NGC 2770 is a type SASc spiral galaxy located about 88 million light years away, in the constellation Lynx. Three Type Ib supernovae have occurred there recently: SN 1999eh, SN 2007uy, and SN 2008D. The last of these was the first supernova detected by the X-rays released very early on in its formation, rather than by the optical light emitted during the later stages, which allowed the first moments of the outburst to be observed. It is possible that NGC 2770's interactions with a suspected companion galaxy may have created the massive stars causing this activity. SN 2015bh, a Type II supernova, was discovered in in February 2015. was also the target for the first binocular image produced by the Large Binocular Telescope. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17551727 |
Kielder Forest Star Camp The is an annual star party held each autumn and spring in Kielder Forest. The five night event is based on the Kielder Campsite. Free talks on astronomy are held at nearby Kielder Castle on the Saturday. The event started in October 2003. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17562270 |
Vulcanite is a rare copper telluride mineral. The mineral has a metallic luster, and has a green or bronze-yellow tint. It has a hardness between 1 and 2 on the Mohs scale (between talc and gypsum). Its crystal structure is orthorhombic. is named for the place where it was discovered in 1961, the Mammoth Good Hope Mine in Vulcan (ghost town and district), Gunnison County, Colorado. Small deposits have also been discovered in Japan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Norway. It occurs with native tellurium, rickardite, petzite, and sylvanite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17571442 |
Emily Rayfield is a British palaeontologist, who is a Professor in Palaeobiology in the School of Earth Sciences at the University of Bristol. Her research primarily focuses on the functional anatomy of extinct vertebrates, especially dinosaurs, using computational methods such as finite element analysis (FEA). In the landmark paper Rayfield "et al." (2001), the skull of the theropod dinosaur "Allosaurus" was analysed using FEA in order to quantitatively assess different feeding hypotheses. This paper was the first use of FEA on a three-dimensional structure in palaeontology (in collaboration with CT scanning), and spurred the current trend of CT-scanned skull FEA on feeding biomechanics in zoology and palaeontology. In addition, she helped elucidate the cranial biomechanics of the noted carnivorous dinosaur "Tyrannosaurus" using two-dimensional FEA. This study was expanded upon in a comparative finite element analysis of 2D theropod skulls (namely "Allosaurus" "Coelophysis" and "Tyrannosaurus"), in order to quantitatively compare cranial biomechanics. Prof. Rayfield is currently (2018–2020) president of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17576886 |
Cedarlane Laboratories Cedarlane is a Canadian private corporation headquartered in Burlington, Ontario, Canada, that manufactures and distributes life science research products. Cedarlane's manufactured products include monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, cell separation media, complement for tissue typing, and immunocolumns. Cedarlane is an ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 13485:2003 registered company. Cedarlane has become a multi-national corporation with over 100 employees in Canada and the United States. The two main locations are in Burlington, Ontario, Canada and coincidentally, in Burlington, North Carolina, US. In recent years, Cedarlane has partnered with a number of charitable Canadian organizations to raise funding for cancer research, economically impoverished children, men's health initiatives and much more. Cedarlane has partnered with the likes of the Canadian Cancer Society, Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation, SickKids Foundation, and others. In 2017, Cedarlane will celebrate its 60th anniversary after being founded in 1957 by Richard Course. Cedarlane was incorporated in 1975 by three Canadian researchers originating from the University of Toronto and Ontario Cancer Institute; Dr. S. Abrahams, Dr. A.J. Farmilo and R.C. Course. In 2006, Cedarlane opened a branch office in Burlington, North Carolina, in the United States. In July 2007, Cedarlane became the exclusive distributor of ATCC products in Canada. In November, Cedarlane acquired CELLutions Biosystems Inc | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17580984 |
Cedarlane Laboratories , a company founded by the University of Toronto Innovations Foundation. Cedarlane sells density-gradient cell separation media under the Lympholyte trade name. Cedarlane offers cell line platforms and various marker details (under CELLutions™) for academic and commercial research programs. Cedarlane also distributes over 5 million products on behalf of more than 1400 global Life Science manufacturing companies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17580984 |
MMTS (meteorology) A Maximum Minimum Temperature System or MMTS is a temperature recording system that keeps track of the maximum and minimum temperatures that have occurred over some given time period. The earliest, and still perhaps most familiar, form is the Maximum minimum thermometer invented by James Six in 1782. Today a typical MMTS is a thermistor. This may be read locally or can transmit its results electronically. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17589968 |
Yoshiaki Arata Arata started researching and publishing in the field of cold fusion around 1998, together with his colleague Yue Chang Zhang. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17590286 |
Ernst Heyne (1833-1905) was a German entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He was the father of Alexander Heyne and Martin Heyne. The Heyne family were natural history dealers, booksellers and publishers in Berlin and London. was a friend and business associate of insect dealers Otto Staudinger and Andreas Bang-Haas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17596546 |
Alexander Heyne (1 July 1869, Leipzig – 1927, Berlin) was a German entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He was the son of Ernst H. Heyne (1833-1905) also an entomologist as was Martin Heyne, Alexander's brother. The Heyne family were natural history dealers, booksellers, and publishers in Berlin and London. He contributed to "Die palaearktischen Grossschmetterlinge und ihre Naturgeschichte". Band 1. Leipzig, Ernst Heyne (1892-1895) a monograph on butterflies edited by Fritz Rühl and the Berlin insect dealer Max Bartel (1879-1914). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17596603 |
Pulse-height analyzer A pulse-height analyzer (PHA) is an instrument that accepts electronic pulses of varying heights from particle and event detectors, digitizes the pulse heights, and saves the number of pulses of each height in registers or channels, thus recording a "pulse-height spectrum", or "pulse-height distribution", for later "pulse-height analysis". PHAs are used in nuclear and elementary-particle physics research. A PHA is a specific modification to multichannel analyzers. A pulse-height analyzer is also used as integrated into particle counters or as a discrete module to calibrate particle counters. Nuclear electronics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17597147 |
Fritz Rühl Fritz Rühl, also Roule, (1836 – 1893 in Zurich) was a Swiss entomologist. He was a professional insect collector and insect dealer who worked with the Berlin natural history dealers and publishers Alexander Heyne and Otto Staudinger. His Hymenoptera collections were sold to Paolo Magretti and are conserved in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. He supplied collections of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera from around the world to the Istituto Sperimentale per la Zoologia Agraria in Florence. Rühl edited "Die palaearktischen Grossschmetterlinge und ihre Naturgeschichte". Band 1. Leipzig, Ernst Heyne (1892-1895), a monograph with the Berlin insect dealer Max Bartel (1879-1914) and wrote scientific papers on Coleoptera. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17606948 |
Brisbane Charles Somerville Warren (1887, Fermoy - 1979) was an Irish entomologist who specialised in Palaearctic Lepidoptera. Warren lived in Ireland, England, Germany and Switzerland. After 1934 he settled permanently in Folkestone. Between 1902 and 1960 he amassed an extensive collection of Palaearctic Lepidoptera now in the Natural History Museum, London. He published 112 scientific papers, but he is best known for his "Monograph on the genus Erebia" (1936). He was a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society of London and a member of Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17611425 |
Magic number (chemistry) The concept of magic numbers in the field of chemistry refers to a specific property (such as stability) for only certain representatives among a distribution of structures. It was first recognized by inspecting the intensity of mass-spectrometric signals of rare gas cluster ions. In case a gas condenses into clusters of atoms, the number of atoms in these clusters that are most likely to form varies between a few and hundreds. However, there are peaks at specific cluster sizes, deviating from a pure statistical distribution. Therefore, it was concluded that clusters of these specific numbers of rare gas atoms dominate due to their exceptional stability. The concept was also successfully applied to explain the monodispersed occurrence of thiolate-protected gold clusters; here the outstanding stability of specific cluster sizes is connected with their respective electronic configuration. The term magic numbers is also used in the field of nuclear physics. In this context, magic numbers often represent three-dimensional figurate numbers such as the octahedral numbers: they count the numbers of spheres in sphere packings of Platonic solids and related polyhedra. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17625628 |
Jeheskel Shoshani Jeheskel "Hezy" Shoshani (1943 – May 20, 2008) was an evolutionary biologist and an elephant specialist who studied the evolution of elephants for over 35 years. Shoshani established the Elephant Research Foundation in 1977 and was the editor of its publication,Elephant. He published about 200 scientific articles and books on elephants and edited the publication "Elephant". He taught at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan, for approximately 25 years and at the University of Asmara in Eritrea starting in 1998. In 2007 he moved to Ethiopia to teach at the University of Addis Ababa. Hezy was a passionate advocate of elephant conservation. Shoshani was among several people killed in a terrorism-linked explosion in a public minibus in downtown Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on May 20, 2008. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17643161 |
Louis E. Brus is the S. L. Mitchell Professor of Chemistry at Columbia University. He is the discoverer of the colloidal semi-conductor nanocrystals known as quantum dots. Brus received the Franklin Institute's 2012 Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science, and was chosen for the 2010 NAS Award in Chemical Sciences. He received the inaugural Kavli Prize for nanoscience in 2008, and was co-recipient of the 2006 R. W. Wood prize of the Optical Society of America. He received the Distinguished Alumni Award from the Association of Rice University Alumni in 2010. He was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 2004 and is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. In 1973, Brus joined AT&T Bell Laboratories, where he did the work that led to the discovery of quantum dots. In 1996, Brus left Bell Labs and joined the faculty in the Department of Chemistry at Columbia University. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17655280 |
Washboard moraine A washboard moraine, also known as minor or corrugated moraine, is a geomorphic feature caused by glaciers. The name "washboard moraine" refers to the fact that, from the air, it resembles a washboard. The exact washboard formation mechanism is not known. One theory proposes that as the glacier melts it leaves behind an accumulation of rock debris in the form of annual recessional moraines. These annual glacial advances and recessions cause parallel ridges to form a few metres apart. Because the accumulation of debris is annual, the moraines do not get very large and stand only a few metres high. An alternative theory is that basal till, weakened by high pore water pressure, deformed upwards into parallel basal crevasses a short distance in from the glacial margin. Crevasse fields of similar geometry to fields of washboard moraines have been observed on ice shelves of Antarctica experiencing large amounts of longitudinal extension, similar to the stresses that would have been experienced by the glaciers that formed these moraines. Washboard moraines can be seen in many places such as South Dakota, Iowa, Maine, and Iceland. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17656347 |
Transient equilibrium In nuclear physics, transient equilibrium is a situation in which equilibrium is reached by a parent-daughter radioactive isotope pair where the half-life of the daughter is shorter than the half-life of the parent. Contrary to secular equilibrium, the half-life of the daughter is not negligible compared to parent's half-life. An example of this is a molybdenum-99 generator producing technetium-99 for nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures. Such a generator is sometimes called a " cow " because the daughter product, in this case technetium-99, is milked at regular intervals. occurs after four half-lives, on average. The activity of the daughter is given by the Bateman equation: where formula_2 and formula_3 are the activity of the parent and daughter, respectively. formula_4 and formula_5 are the half-lives (inverses of reaction rates formula_6 in the above equation modulo ln(2)) of the parent and daughter, respectively, and BR is the branching ratio. In transient equilibrium, the Bateman equation cannot be simplified by assuming the daughter's half-life is negligible compared to the parent's half-life. The ratio of daughter-to-parent activity is given by: In transient equilibrium, the daughter activity increases and eventually reaches a maximum value that can exceed the parent activity. The time of maximum activity is given by: where formula_4 and formula_5 are the half-lives of the parent and daughter, respectively | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17666127 |
Transient equilibrium In the case of <chem>^{99\!m}Tc-^{99}Mo</chem> generator, the time of maximum activity (formula_11) is approximately 24 hours which makes it convenient for medical use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17666127 |
Chromatography software is software that collects and analyzes chromatographic results delivered by chromatography detectors. Many chromatography software packages are provided by manufacturers, and many of them only provide a simple interface to acquire data. They also provide different tools to analyze this data. The most common tool is "integration": It computes simple areas to delimit peaks by adding valleys automatically or not. Areas are computed between two valleys, a signal, and a baseline. Applications are also available for simulation of chromatography, for example for teaching, demonstration, or for method development &/or optimization. The following is a list of software and the (unexplained) tools that each provides: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17671709 |
Power flash A power flash is a flash of light caused by arcing electrical discharges from damaged electrical equipment, most often severed power lines. They are often caused by strong winds, especially those from tropical cyclones and tornadoes, and occasionally by intense downbursts and derechoes. Storm spotters and meteorologists use these flashes to spot tornadoes which would otherwise be invisible due to rain or darkness. They can be distinguished from lightning by the fact that they originate at ground level, the blue color of the flash, and depending on distance, the sound of high-voltage lines shorting out. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17676837 |
Olevi Kull (22 June 1955, Rakvere – 31 January 2007, Tartu) was an Estonian professor at the University of Tartu known for his contribution to ecology. Following his death, a memorial fund was established by donations in his memory, which provides travel stipends to students in the fields of plant ecophysiology, forest ecology and ecosystem ecology. Biosemiotician Kalevi Kull is his older brother. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17686503 |
Engineering diffraction refers to a sub-field of neutron scattering which investigates microstructural features that influence the mechanical properties of materials. These include: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17710184 |
Geuda (, pronounced gay-yoo-dah) is a form of the mineral corundum, or sapphire, found primarily in Sri Lanka. Around 70%-80% of gems mined in Sri Lanka belong to geuda varieties. Because of its semitransparent and milky appearance due to rutile inclusions, these stones have little value as gemstones in their natural state. was frequently stored in large drums or used to gravel home gardens prior to the 1970s discovery that heat treatment can drastically alter the stone's color. Some geuda varieties turn to a blue color after heat treatments. Others turn to red after oxidizing. Kowangu pushparaga turns to yellow sapphire after oxidizing. After heating geuda to roughly 1800 °C, the aluminium oxide lattice-work of the gem is disrupted and cooling greatly improves both color and clarity. Though many stones are destroyed by the heating and cooling process, those that survive are significantly altered and rival naturally blue sapphires in both appearance and price. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17712747 |
NVSS 2146+82 (WN B2147+81) is a giant radio galaxy, one of the largest known. At the time of its discovery in 2000, it was the second largest, second only to 3C236. The optical counterpart to the radio object is a peculiar giant elliptical galaxy. The radio galaxy is across. The galaxy cluster in which this galaxy is situated has an Abell richness class of 0 or 1. The cluster members were misidentified when originally surveyed, as part of Zw Cl 2147.0+8155, a background rich cluster. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17721804 |
Stuart West is an evolutionary biologist studying social evolution as a Professor of Evolutionary Biology in the Zoology Department at the University of Oxford. His primary research interests are in the area of social evolution, sex allocation theory and microbial evolution. His research has attracted much media attention, and has been published in high profile journals such as "Nature", "Science", "PNAS" and "Current Biology". He was a Distinguished Junior Scholar in Residence at the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies, University of British Columbia, Canada in 1999 and he has won the Philip Leverhulme Prize for Zoology (2006), the Scientific Medal of the Zoological Society of London (2006) and the rising star award from the Duke of Edinburgh. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17723400 |
Winterization of oil is a process that uses a solvent and cold temperatures to separate lipids and other desired oil compounds from waxes. Winterization is a type of fractionation (also known as fractionate crystallization), the general process of separating the triglycerides found in fats and oils, using the difference in their melting points, solubility, and volatility. Winterization is an oil refinement technique commonly used in biotechnology. The process involves dissolving the extract in ethanol, then placing the mixture in a freezer to chill. The cold allows for the separation of compounds by differences in their melting and precipitation points. In the cooling process, the fats and waxes with higher melting points will precipitate out and can then be removed by filtration, centrifugation, decantation, or other separation processes. A pure, liquid oil extract is left behind, ready to be further processed for consumer use. Food products containing non-processed oils, such as fats and waxes with higher melting points, will crystallize in refrigeration temperatures. This precipitation could result in products like salad dressings separating during cold storage. Winterization is used to refine oil in salad dressings, mayonnaise, cooking oils like sunflower oil, and botanical oils. Rice bran oil is one of the most commonly winterized oils, as it has a high content of waxes, fatty acids and lipids. Winterization is also used in refining biofuel, as it improves low temperature flow properties | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17724421 |
Winterization of oil This is necessary in preventing crystallization of certain compounds in the fuel, which could cause problems with compression engines. Winterization is also a common process in the cannabis industry, used to remove unwanted compounds from cannabis oil extracts. Winterization often follows supercritical CO2 extraction, for the production of cannabis oils to be used in vape pens and capsules. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17724421 |
Harry Hemley Plaskett FRS (July 5, 1893 – January 26, 1980) was a Canadian astronomer who made significant contributions to the fields of solar physics, astronomical spectroscopy and spectrophotometry. From 1932 to 1960, he served as the Savilian Professor of Astronomy at the University of Oxford, and in 1963 was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. was born in Toronto, Ontario on July 5, 1893. His parents were Rebecca Hemley and John Stanley Plaskett, who at the time was working as a machinist in the Department of Physics at the University of Toronto, but who would later go on to become the first director of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Victoria, and a Gold Medal winner in his own right. After receiving his B.A. from Toronto in 1916, he joined the Canadian Corps, serving in the field artillery in France from 1917-1918. Following this, and a year spent working with Professor Alfred Fowler at Imperial College, he returned to Canada, and was appointed to the staff of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Victoria, B.C. In 1928, he was appointed Professor of Astrophysics at Harvard University, and in 1932 succeeded H. H. Turner as Savilian Professor of Astronomy at the University of Oxford. In May, 1936 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was president of the Royal Astronomical Society just after World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17737546 |
Harry Hemley Plaskett His time at Oxford was interrupted by war service: from 1939 to 1940, he was an anti-aircraft officer, and from 1940 to 1944 he worked on experimental navigation for the Ministry of Aircraft Production. From 1951 to 1955 he worked alongside Walter Stibbs. He retired from Oxford in 1960, becoming a Professor Emeritus of the university, but remained active in astronomical research almost until the end of his life. He had married in 1921 Edith Alice Smith, with whom he had two children, Barbara and John Stanley. They were to remain married until his death in 1980. The asteroid 2905 Plaskett, discovered by Edward Bowell in 1982, was named in his and his father's memory. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17737546 |
Thallium barium calcium copper oxide Thallium barium calcium copper oxide, or TBCCO (pronounced "tibco"), is a family of high-temperature superconductors having the generalized chemical formula TlBaCaCuO. TlBaCaCuO (TBCCO-2223) was discovered in Prof. Allen M. Hermann's laboratory in the physics department of the University of Arkansas in October 1987 by the post-doctoral researcher Zhengzhi Sheng and Prof. Hermann. The bulk superconductivity in this material was confirmed by observations of magnetic flux expulsion and flux trapping signals (under zero field cooled and field cooled conditions) with a SQUID magnetometer in the superconductor laboratory of Timir Datta in the University of South Carolina. Allen Hermann announced his discovery and the critical temperature of 127 K, in Houston, Texas at the World Congress on Superconductivity organized by Paul Chu in February 1988. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17744469 |
Ferric chloride test The ferric chloride test is used to determine the presence of phenols in a given sample or compound (for instance natural phenols in a plant extract). Enols, hydroxamic acids, oximes, and sulfinic acids give positive results as well. The bromine test is useful to confirm the result, although modern spectroscopic techniques (e.g. NMR and IR spectroscopy) are far superior in determining the identity of the unknown. The quantity of total phenols may be spectroscopically determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau assay. The sample is dissolved in water, or a mixture of water and ethanol, and a few drops of dilute ferric chloride (FeCl) solution is added. The formation of a red, blue, green, or purple coloration indicates the presence of phenols. Where the sample is insoluble in water, it may be dissolved in dichloromethane with a small amount of pyridine. Phenols form a complex with ferric ions. This complex has an intense colour, which may vary from blue, green or even red depending upon the nature of the phenol. As an example using the chemical phenol itself: The ferric chloride test can be used to detect metabolites in urine in case of inborn error of metabolism such as phenylketonuria. Compounds such as phenylpyruvate increase in plasma and are excreted out via urine. Also, it can be used to detect salicylates in urine, quick diagnostic test for aspirin overdose. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17749293 |
Conformal supergravity In theoretical physics, conformal supergravity is the study of the supersymmetrized version of conformal gravity with Weyl transformations. Equivalently, it is the extension of ordinary supergravity to include Weyl transformations. Often, nonconformal gravity is described by conformal gravity with a conformal compensator. For a review of conformal supergravity see E.S. Fradkin and A.A. Tseytlin, "Conformal Supergravity", Phys. Rep. 119 (1985) 233 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17765922 |
Don VandenBerg is a professor of Astronomy (Ph.D. Australian National University) at the department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Dr. VandenBerg is internationally acclaimed for his work on modelling stars of different size and composition. Using basic input physics (e.g. nuclear reaction rates and opacities), Dr. VandenBerg uses computer models to help understand the structure and evolution of stars. These models, which are tightly constrained by observations, provide insight into stellar populations and will ultimately be used to synthesize the stellar populations of distant galaxies. Don Vandenberg has the most-cited research papers of any astronomer in Canada. His stellar isochrones (resulting from his models) are widely used throughout the world. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17776831 |
Matter power spectrum The matter power spectrum describes the density contrast of the universe (the difference between the local density and the mean density) as a function of scale. It is the Fourier transform of the matter correlation function. On large scales, gravity competes with cosmic expansion, and structures grow according to linear theory. In this regime, the density contrast field is Gaussian, Fourier modes evolve independently, and the power spectrum is sufficient to completely describe the density field. On small scales, gravitational collapse is non-linear, and can only be computed accurately using N-body simulations. Higher-order statistics are necessary to describe the full field at small scales. Let formula_1 represent the matter overdensity, a dimensionless quantity defined as: where formula_3 is the average matter density over all space. The power spectrum is most commonly understood as the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function, formula_4, mathematically defined as: for formula_6. This then determines the easily derived relationship to the power spectrum, formula_7, that is formula_8 Equivalently, letting formula_9 denote the Fourier transform of the overdensity formula_1, the power spectrum is given by the following average over Fourier space: (note that formula_12 is not an overdensity but the Dirac delta function) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17780458 |
Matter power spectrum Since formula_13 has dimensions of (length), the power spectrum is also sometimes given in terms of the dimensionless function: If the autocorrelation function describes the probability of a galaxy at a distance formula_15 from another galaxy, the matter power spectrum decomposes this probability into characteristic lengths, formula_16, and its amplitude describes the degree to which each characteristic length contributes to the total over-probability. The overall shape of the matter power spectrum is best understood in terms of the linear perturbation theory analysis of the growth of structure, which predicts to first order that the power spectrum grows according to: formula_17 Where formula_18 is the linear growth factor in the density, that is to first order formula_19, and formula_20 is commonly referred to as the "primordial matter power spectrum". Determining the primordial formula_21 is a question that relates to the physics of inflation. The simplest formula_21 is the Harrison Zel'dovich spectrum, which characterizes formula_20 according to a power law, formula_24. More advanced primordial spectra include the use of a transfer function which mediates the transition from the universe being radiation dominated to being matter dominated. The broad shape of the matter power spectrum is determined by the growth of large-scale structure, with the turnover at formula_25, corresponding to formula_26. This peak corresponds to the change from the regime of radiation dominance to that of matter dominance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17780458 |
David D. Balam is a Canadian astronomer and a research associate with University of Victoria's Department of Physics and Astronomy, in Victoria, British Columbia. Specializing in the search for Near-Earth objects, Balam is one of the world's most prolific contributors to this research; only two astronomers have made more such discoveries than Balam. He is credited with the discovery or co-discovery of more than 600 asteroids, over a thousand extra-galactic supernovae, and novae in the galaxy M31. Balam is also co-credited for the 1997 discovery of Comet Zhu-Balam. Among celestial bodies discovered by Balam are the asteroid 150145 Uvic, which he named for the University of Victoria, and 197856 Tafelmusik, named for the Baroque orchestra in Toronto. Currently, Balam conducts an optical transient survey (OTS) using the 1.82-m Plaskett Telescope of the National Research Council of Canada. The asteroid 3749 Balam is named in his honour, recognizing the fact that he developed most of the software for the university's astrometric program on minor planets and comets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17780895 |
Light-cone coordinates In special relativity, light-cone coordinates is a special coordinate system where two of the coordinates, x and x are null coordinates and all the other coordinates are spatial. Call them formula_1. Assume we are working with a (d,1) Lorentzian signature. Instead of the standard coordinate system (using Einstein notation) with formula_3 we have with formula_5, formula_6 and formula_7. Both x and x can act as "time" coordinates. One nice thing about light cone coordinates is that the causal structure is partially included into the coordinate system itself. A boost in the tx plane shows up as formula_8, formula_9, formula_10. A rotation in the ij-plane only affects formula_1. The parabolic transformations show up as formula_12, formula_13, formula_14. Another set of parabolic transformations show up as formula_15, formula_16 and formula_17. Light cone coordinates can also be generalized to curved spacetime in general relativity. Sometimes calculations simplify using light cone coordinates. See Newman–Penrose formalism. Light cone coordinates are sometimes used to describe relativistic collisions, especially if the relative velocity is very close to the speed of light. They are also used in the light cone gauge of string theory. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17785091 |
Light cone gauge In theoretical physics, light cone gauge is an approach to remove the ambiguities arising from a gauge symmetry. While the term refers to several situations, a null component of a field "A" is set to zero (or a simple function of other variables) in all cases. In gauge theory, light-cone gauge refers to the condition formula_1 where It is a method to get rid of the redundancies implied by Yang–Mills symmetry. In string theory, light-cone gauge fixes the reparameterization invariance on the world sheet by where formula_4 is a constant and formula_5 is the worldsheet time. The advantage of light-cone gauge is that all ghosts and other unphysical degrees of freedom can be eliminated. The disadvantage is that some symmetries such as Lorentz symmetry become obscured (they become non-manifest, i.e. hard to prove). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17785628 |
Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer The (TEGA) is a scientific instrument aboard the Phoenix spacecraft, a Mars lander which landed and operated on the planet Mars in 2008. TEGA's design is based on experience gained from the failed Mars Polar Lander. Soil samples taken from the Martian surface by the robot arm are eventually delivered to the TEGA, where they are heated in an oven to about 1,000 °C. This heat causes the volatile compounds to be given off as gases which are sent to a mass spectrometer for analysis. This spectrometer is adjusted to measure particularly the isotope ratios for oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and heavier gases. Detection values are as low as 10 parts per billion. The Phoenix TEGA has 8 ovens, which are enough for 8 samples. Major components: The soil was delivered to TEGA by a robotic arm with a scoop. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17790199 |
Roy Koerner MBE was a Polar explorer who participated in what the then Prime Minister, Harold Wilson described as "a feat of endurance and courage which ranks with any in polar history", and Prince Philip feels "ranks among the greatest triumphs of human skill and endurance". Koerner was born on 3 July 1932 in Copnor, Portsmouth. From an early age, he was nicknamed "Fritz" on account of his Germanic surname, and the moniker stuck. He was educated at Sheffield University, after which he taught at Bridgemary Community School before joining the British Antarctic Survey in 1957. From 1968 to 1969 he was a member of the "British Trans-Arctic Expedition" led by Wally Herbert, a surface crossing of the Arctic Ocean, from Alaska to Spitsbergen. In the 1970s Koerner emigrated to Canada where he spent more than forty years studying the history embedded in glacial ice. He was head of the "Ice Core Laboratory" at Ottawa. Koerner died after being sent home from his final mission on 26 May 2008. Koerner has a 600 metre high rock named after him on Deception Island in the British Antarctic Territory. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17794402 |
Stanisław Kuczborski (January 31, 1912 – August 23, 2004) was a Polish pulmonologist. Kuczborski obtained his high school diploma in 1930, at the Mikołaj Kopernik Boys’ High School in Łódź. In 1930 he began his studies at the Medical Department of the Warsaw University. As a student, he contracted tuberculosis and was referred to Warsaw University's Sanatorium in Zakopane. This experience caused him to focus his medical studies. After he finished a one-year postgraduate internship in Warsaw hospitals, he worked in a sanatorium in Otwock, near Warsaw. There he expanded work in the field of internal medicine, particularly Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), or physiatry. He spent the years during the Nazi occupation in the sanatorium. After World War II, he returned to his home city of Łódź. In 1951, he received his PhD from the Medical University of Silesia. As a physician, Kuczborski was a pulmonary and physiatric consultant. His career was mainly associated with Łódź; only after from 1952 to 1955, did he reside in Warsaw serving as the deputy director of the Tuberculosis Institute in Warsaw. Kuczborski held posts as director of several hospitals in Łódź. He also established a laboratory of physiopathology of breathing, the first in the Łódź region and one of the first in Poland. He also was the director of the Lung Disease Hospital in Łagiewniki until he retired in 1977. He held foreign (Denmark, France) scientific internships mainly in the field of functional tests and rehabilitation of the respiratory system | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17795038 |
Stanisław Kuczborski He was an honorary member of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease located in Paris. In Poland, he received an honorary membership of the Polish Physiatry and Pulmonology Association. Kuczborski published 70 works, mainly on tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapy, physiopathology of breathing, rehabilitation and intensive care of the respiratory system diseases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17795038 |
Beltian body A is a detachable tip found on the pinnules of some species of "Acacia" and closely related genera. Beltian bodies, named after Thomas Belt, are rich in lipids, sugars and proteins and often red in colour. They are believed to have evolved in a symbiotic relationship with ants. The ants live inside special plant structures (domatia) or near the plant and keep away herbivores. Other ant-mutualism related plant structures include Beccarian, Mullerian and pearl bodies. Unique among spiders for its predominantly vegetarian diet, "Bagheera kiplingi" feeds almost exclusively on Beltian bodies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17822734 |
Galactic anticenter The galactic anticenter is a direction in space directly opposite to the Galactic Center, as viewed from Earth. This direction corresponds to a point on the celestial sphere. From the perspective of an observer on Earth, the galactic anticenter is located in the constellation Auriga, and Beta Tauri is the bright star that appears nearest this point. In terms of the galactic coordinate system, the Galactic Center (in Sagittarius) corresponds to a longitude of 0°, while the anticenter is located exactly at 180°. In the equatorial coordinate system, the anticenter is found at roughly RA 05h 46m, dec +28° 56'. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17824815 |
Acoustic board An acoustic board is a special kind of board made of sound absorbing materials. Its job is to provide sound insulation. Between two outer walls sound absorbing material is inserted and the wall is porous. Thus, when sound passes through an acoustic board, the intensity of sound is decreased. The loss of sound energy is balanced by producing heat energy. They are used in auditoriums, halls, seminar rooms, libraries, courts and wherever sound insulation is needed. Acoustic boards are also used in speaker boxes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17828579 |
Sermilik Station The station was built in 1970 to provide the logistical base for the research. In 1972, the main building was destroyed by an avalanche. It was rebuilt later closer to the shore, which is its current location. The station is located on the west side of Ammassalik Island. The closest settlement is Tasiilaq, and it would take around 1 day on foot to get from there to the station. The station is situated on a popular hiking route around the island. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17834948 |
Michał Horodecki (born 1973) is a Polish physicist at the University of Gdańsk working in the field of quantum information theory, notable for his work on entanglement theory. He co-discovered the Peres-Horodecki criterion for testing whether a state is entangled, and used it to find bound entanglement together with his brother Paweł Horodecki and father Ryszard Horodecki. He co-discovered with Jonathan Oppenheim, Paweł Horodecki and Karol Horodecki that secret key can be drawn from some bound entangled states. Together with Fernando Brandao he proved that every one-dimensional quantum state with a finite correlation length obeys an area law for entanglement entropy. Together with Jonathan Oppenheim and Andreas Winter, he discovered quantum state-merging and used this primitive to show that quantum information could be negative. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17836562 |
Jonathan Oppenheim is a professor of physics at University College London. He is an expert in quantum information theory and quantum gravity. Oppenheim proved the Third law of thermodynamics (first conjectured by Walther Nernst in 1912) with Lluis Masanes. Together with Michał Horodecki and Andreas Winter, he discovered quantum state-merging and used this primitive to show that quantum information could be negative . More recently he and collaborators have developed a resource theory for thermodynamics on the nano and quantum scale. His Ph.D. under Bill Unruh at the University of British Columbia was on Quantum time. In 2004 he was a postdoctoral researcher under Jacob Bekenstein and a Royal Society University Fellow in Cambridge before moving to University College London. As a student, Oppenheim was involved in the Edible Ballot Society which satirically advanced eating ballots to highlight the democracy gap in electoral politics. He was arrested at the 1997 APEC protests on University of British Columbia campus. He withdrew from the Commission for Public Complaints Against the RCMP following the refusal of the Prime Minister to testify. His group was responsible for smuggling a siege catapult into the medieval city of Quebec during the Summit of Americas, 2001. It was used to lob teddy bears | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17836650 |
Jonathan Oppenheim The Uncertainty Principle Determines the Nonlocality of Quantum Mechanics, Science 330:1072-1074 (2010) Partial Quantum Information, Nature 436:673-676 (2005) Implementing a Quantum Computation by Free Falling, Science 311:1106-1107 (2006) A general derivation and quantification of the third law of thermodynamics, Nature Communications 8, 14538 (2017) The second laws of quantum thermodynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(11), pp. 3275-3279 Horodecki, Michał, and Jonathan Oppenheim. "Fundamental limitations for quantum and nanoscale thermodynamics." Nature Communications 4 (2013). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17836650 |
Karl Weissenberg (11 June 1893, Vienna – 6 April 1976, The Hague) was an Austrian physicist, notable for his contributions to rheology and crystallography. The Weissenberg effect was named after him, as was the Weissenberg number. He invented a Goniometer to study X-ray diffraction of crystals for which he received the Duddell Medal of the Institute of Physics in 1946, The European Society of Rheology offers a "Weissenberg award" in his honour. and the Weissenberg rheogoniometer, a type of rheometer. He was born on 11 June 1893 in Vienna, Austria and died in 1976 in the Netherlands. He studied at the Universities of Vienna, Berlin and Jena with Mathematics as his main subject. He published on the theories of Symmetry groups and Tensor and Matrix algebra, then applied mathematics and experimentation to crystallography, rheology and medical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17862372 |
Scud (cloud) Pannus, or scud clouds, is a type of fractus cloud at low height above ground, detached, and of irregular form, found beneath nimbostratus or cumulonimbus clouds. These clouds are often ragged or wispy in appearance. When caught in the outflow (downdraft) beneath a thunderstorm, scud clouds will often move faster than the storm clouds themselves. When in an inflow (updraft) area, scud clouds tend to rise and may exhibit lateral movement ranging from very little to substantial. Pannus clouds are formed as the warmer (and often more moist) updraft of a thunderstorm lifts the relatively warm air near the surface. These clouds condense as the warm, moist air saturates through ascent and is pushed outward from the storm. Scud clouds are very commonly found on the leading edge of a storm front. In this area of a storm, scud are commonly associated with shelf clouds. Pannus clouds may also form when an updraft ingests precipitation-cooled air from the downdraft. Scud forming in this region of the storm, if moving laterally, will tend to move inward towards the dominant updraft. Rising scud may condense and organize into a wall cloud. Pannus clouds can often be mistaken for a developing tornado, landspout, or waterspout. The difference is determinable by observing the presence or absence of rotation (not just movement) of the scud clouds. If rotation is present, then a tornado, landspout, or waterspout is possible, and the more intense the rotation, the more likely | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17863375 |
Scud (cloud) Viewing scud clouds means that there is a cumulonimbus parent cloud. Rain, hail, strong wind, and lightning can be expected from the parent cloud. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17863375 |
Sierra Wave The is a type of lenticular cloud created by winds that lift off the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California. Known as lee waves, Sierra Waves form as winds hit the Sierra Nevada and are forced to rise, causing water vapor to condense as it cools and forming lenticular clouds on the leeward side of the mountain range. These clouds can remain stationary for many hours. The formation of a is dependent upon many factors, including wind speed and direction, leeward wind patterns, and water vapor. Given that Sierra Waves are dependent upon many variables their formation is unpredictable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17865248 |
Metabolic intermediate Metabolic intermediates are molecules which are the precursors or metabolites of biologically significant molecules. Although these intermediates are of relatively minor direct importance to cellular function, they can play important roles in the allosteric regulation of enzymes. Some can be useful in measuring rates of metabolic processes (for example, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid or 3-aminoisobutyrate). Because they can represent unnatural points of entry into natural metabolic pathways, some (such as AICA ribonucleotide) are of interest to researchers in developing new therapies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17867527 |
Arcadio Poveda Renán Ricalde (born 15 July 1930) is a prominent Mexican astronomer who developed a method to calculate the mass of elliptical galaxies. He received Mexico's National Prize for Arts and Sciences in 1975, chaired its National Astronomical Observatory from 1968 to 1980 and was elected to The National College in 1989. Poveda was born in Mérida, Yucatán. He initially enrolled at the National Autonomous University of Mexico but ended up graduating with both a Bachelor of Arts degree (1953) and a PhD in Astronomy (1956) from the University of California, Berkeley. Afterward, he moved back to Mexico and enrolled at the Institute of Astronomy of the National Autonomous University, where he has worked as a researcher since 1956. As a visiting scholar, he has lectured at the Institute of Astrophysics in France (CNRS, 1963), Columbia University (1967), Kitt Peak National Observatory (1981–82, 1983–84), and at the University of California, San Diego (1982–83). A public planetarium in his native Mérida, Yucatán, is named in his honor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17870272 |
Xanthiosite is an arsenate mineral first discovered in Germany in 1858; it may also be found in Greece. It is not radioactive. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17872678 |
Spice (oceanography) In oceanography the term spice refers to spatial variations in the temperature and salinity of seawater whose effects on density cancel each other. Such "density compensated" thermohaline variability is ubiquitous in the upper ocean. Warmer, saltier water is more spicy while cooler, less salty water is more minty. For a density ratio of 1, all the thermohaline variability is spice, and there are no density fluctuations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17872875 |
Ehlers group In mathematical physics, the Ehlers group, named after Jürgen Ehlers, is a finite-dimensional transformation group of stationary vacuum spacetimes which maps solutions of Einstein's field equations to other solutions. It has since found a number of applications, from use as a tool in the discovery of previously unknown solutions to a proof that solutions in the stationary axisymmetric case form an integrable system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17873793 |
Hans Kotzsch (24 April 1901, Dresden (Loschwitz) - 25 July 1950 Dresden (Blasewitz)) was a German entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. From 1925 Kotzsch owned the entomological dealership "Hermann Wernicke" in Dresden. From here he sold insects collected on his many collecting trips (Rybachy Peninsula (1933), Armenia (1934), Hindu Kush (1936), Iran and Afghanistan (1939) Turkey and China. Many of his specimens are in Museum Alexander Koenig in Bonn and in Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. In 1948 two years before his death he purchased the business collection "Staudinger" - Bang-Haas from the widow of Otto Bang-Haas. Like most dealers of his time Kotzsch described many new subspecies of "exotic" butterflies, particularly from South America. Most are these are unsound but his taxonomic work on Palaearctic fauna is much better. Beginning list | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17888102 |
Hermann Wernicke (1851 – 1925) was a German entomologist. From 1898 Wernicke was an insect dealer in Dresden. He also sold collecting equipment and natural history books. In 1899 he wrote "Anleitung zur Deutschen Normalpräparation der Schmetterlinge". Published in Dresden, this was a manual on collecting, setting and conserving (as specimens) butterflies and moths.It was a very popular manual even with non German speakers.His private collection of Malay Peninsula butterflies collected between 1883 and 1884, his private collection of world Lepidoptera and his business were sold to Hans Kotzsch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17889983 |
Radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer (RIPA buffer) is a lysis buffer used to lyse cells and tissue for the radio immunoprecipitation assay (RIPA). This buffer is more denaturing than NP-40 or Triton X-100 because it contains the ionic detergents SDS and sodium deoxycholate as active constituents and is particularly useful for disruption of nuclear membranes in the preparation of nuclear extracts. The RIPA buffer gives low background but can denature kinases. RIPA buffer recipes vary slightly between authors and may include: The following ingredients are optional and included as needed: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17908459 |
Sergei Alphéraky Sergei Nikolaevich Alphéraky (1850–1918) (sometimes Alphéraki or Alferaki) was a Russian ornithologist and entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. was born into the noble Greek family of Alferakis and was the brother of composer Achilles Alferaki. His father Nikos Alferakis owned the Alferaki Palace in Taganrog. Sergei studied at Moscow University (1867–1869), then with Otto Staudinger in Dresden (1871–1873). On his return to Russia he worked on the Lepidoptera of the Taganrog, Rostov-on-Don region. He also collected in the North Caucasus. After that he devoted himself to the insects, especially Lepidoptera, of Central Asia. He worked on the Lepidoptera collected by Nikolai Przhevalsky in Tibet held by the Zoological Museum of the Russian Academy of Science and those collected by Grigorij Nikolaevich Potanin in China and Mongolia in the same institution. Later he studied the collections made by Alfred Otto Herz in Amur, Korea and Kamchatka, and those of Nicholas Mikhailovich Romanoff (Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich), a friend from his two years at Moscow University. He was an honorary member of both the Russian Entomological Society and the Royal Entomological Society of London. Partial list | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17908527 |
Pyrimidine analogue Pyrimidine analogues are nucleoside analog antimetabolites which mimic the structure of metabolic pyrimidines. Pyrimidine antimetabolites are commonly used to treat cancer by interfering with DNA replication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17911569 |
William Ritchie (physicist) William Ritchie (1790?–1837) was a Scottish physicist. He was noted as an ingenious experimentalist. Born about 1790, he was educated for the Church of Scotland, and was licensed to preach; but he abandoning the church for the teaching profession. He became rector of the Royal Academy of Tain, in Ross-shire. After saving a little money, he provided a substitute to perform his duties, and went to Paris. There he attended the lectures of Louis Jacques Thénard, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, and Jean-Baptiste Biot. He soon acquired skill in devising and performing experiments in natural philosophy. Ritchie's publications led to his appointment to the professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution, where he delivered a course of probationary lectures in 1829. In 1832 he was appointed professor of natural philosophy in London University. Ritchie was subsequently engaged on experiments on the manufacture of glass for optical purposes, and a commission was appointed by the government to inquire into his results. A telescope of eight inches aperture was constructed by Dollond from Ritchie's glass, at the recommendation of the commission, but its performance was not very satisfactory. Ritchie died on 15 September 1837 of a fever caught in Scotland. He became known to Sir John Herschel, and through him he communicated to the Royal Society papers "On a New Photometer", "On a New Form of the Differential Thermometer", and "On the Permeability of Transparent Screens of Extreme Tenuity by Radiant Heat" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17916601 |
William Ritchie (physicist) Shortly afterwards he published two small treatises on geometry (1833; 3rd edit. 1853) and the differential and integral calculus (1836; 2nd edit. 1847). He communicated to the Royal Society—of which he was elected a fellow—papers "On the Elasticity of Threads of Glass and the Application of this Property to Torsion Balances", and also experimental researches on the electric and chemical theories of galvanism, on electromagnetism, and voltaic electricity. His papers contributed to the "Philosophical Magazine" are in vols. i.–xii. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17916601 |
Slave boson The Slave Boson method is a method for dealing with models of strongly correlated systems, providing a method to second-quantize valence fluctuations within a restrictive manifold of states. In the 1960s the physicist John Hubbard introduced an operator, now named the "Hubbard Operator" to describe the creation of an electron within a restrictive manifold of valence configurations. Consider for example, a rare earth or actinide ion in which strong Coulomb interactions restrict the charge fluctuations to two valence states, such as the Ce(4f) and Ce (4f) configurations of a mixed valent Cerium compound. The corresponding quantum states of these two states are the singlet formula_1 state and the magnetic formula_2 state, where formula_3 is the spin. The fermionic Hubbard operators that link these states are then The algebra of operators is closed by introducing the two bosonic operators where the formula_4 and the sign is chosen to be negative, unless both A and B are fermions, when it is positive. The Hubbard operators are the generators of the super group SU(2|1). This non-canonical algebra means that these operators do not satisfy a Wick's theorem, which prevents a conventional diagrammatic or field theoretic treatment. In 1983 Piers Coleman introduced the Slave Boson formulation of the Hubbard operators, which enabled valence fluctuations to be treated within a field-theoretic approach | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17920440 |
Slave boson In this approach, the spinless configuration of the ion is represented by a spinless "slave boson" formula_5, whereas the magnetic configuration formula_6 is represented by an Abrikosov slave fermion. From these considerations, it is seen that the Hubbard operators can be written as and This factorization of the Hubbard operators faithfully preserves the graded Lie algebra. Moreover, the Hubbard operators so written commute with the conserved quantity In Hubbard's original approach, Q=1, but by generalizing this quantity to larger values, higher irreducible representations of SU(2|1) are generated. The slave boson representation can be extended from two component to N component fermions, where the spin index formula_7 runs over N values. By allowing N to become large, while maintaining the ratio Q/N, it is possible to develop a controlled large N expansion. The slave boson approach has since been widely applied to strongly correlated electron systems, and has proven useful in developing the resonating valence bond theory(RVB) of high temperature superconductivity and the understanding of heavy fermion compounds. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17920440 |
Dan Jacobo Beninson (1931–2003) was an Argentine radiation expert who worked for the Argentine Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA) since 1955 holding different posts. He chaired the institution from 1998 to 1999 and was a member of its board of directors in several opportunities. He was a member of INVAP Board of Directors from 1987 to 1989. From 1974 to 1979, he was director of the Scientific Secretariat of the United Nations Scientific Committee for the Study of the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). He was for many years a member of the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) which he chaired from 1985 to 1993. Among the many awards conferred to him, we will only mention that he was honored with various national and international rewards; he received the Konex Award in 1983 and was named “Personality of the Year” in 1991 by the American Nuclear Society on account of his contributions. In 1998, he was awarded the República de Oro 1998 for his lifelong career. In 2006 the Instituto de Tecnología Nuclear Dan Beninson was founded named after him. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17933717 |
Nitrosylation is the general term for covalent incorporation of a nitric oxide "nitrosyl" moiety into another (usually organic) molecule. There are multiple chemical mechanisms by which this can be achieved; including biological enzymes and industrial processes. The biological functions of nitrosylation are particularly important as S-nitrosylation, the conjugation of NO to cysteine thiols in proteins, is an important part of cell signalling. Coordination of NO to transition metals to give metal nitrosyl complexes, is also referred to as nitrosylation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17940881 |
Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg theory This theory was proposed in 1966 to go beyond BCS theory of superconductivity and it provides predictions of upper critical field (H) in type-II superconductors. The theory predicts the upper critical field (H) at 0 K from T and the slope of H at T. eg Referred : re MgB | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17962061 |
Biofact (philosophy) In philosophy, sociology, and the arts, the word "biofact" is a neologism coined from the combination of the words "bios" and artifact and denotes a being that is both an artifact and living being or both natural and artificial. This being has been created by purposive human action but exists by processes of growth. There are sources who cite some creations of genetic engineering as examples of biofacts. "Biofact" was introduced as early as 2001 by the German philosopher Nicole C. Karafyllis although her book "Biofakte" published in 2003 is commonly used as reference for the introduction of the term. According to Karafyllis, the word biofact first appeared in a German article (entitled 'Biofakt und Artefakt') in 1943, written by the Austrian protozoologist Bruno M. Klein. Addressing both microscopy and philosophy, Klein named a biofact something that is a visible dead product emerging from a living being while this being is still alive (e.g. a shell). However, Klein's distinction operated with the difference biotic/abiotic and dead/alive, not with nature/technology and growth/man-made. For her part, Karafyllis described biofact as a hermeneutic concept that allows the comparison between nature and technology in the domain of the living. Particularly With the term "biofact", Karafyllis wants to emphasize that living entities can be highly artificial due to methods deriving from agriculture, gardening (e.g. breeding) or biotechnology (e.g. genetic engineering, cloning) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17970466 |
Biofact (philosophy) Biofacts show signatures of culture and technique. Primarily, the concept aims to argue against the common philosophical tradition to summarize all kinds of living beings under the category nature. The concept "biofact" questions if the phenomenon of growth is and was a secure candidate for differentiating between nature and technology. For the philosophy of technology the questions arise if a) biotechnology and agriculture should not be an integral part of "reflexion", thereby adding new insights to the common focus on the machine and the artifact, and if b) established concepts of technique and technology which stress artificiality should not be modified. Karafyllis regards the inclusion of biofacts into a theory of techniques as a chance, to reformulate classic concepts of design and construction for defining the making of artifacts. In her view, biofacts depend on the method of provocation. For the philosophy of nature, biofacts highlight a need to clarify if nature is self-explanatory in every case. Biophilosophy is challenged to newly reflect upon the categories organism and living being. In the philosophy of science, approaches are challenged which only focus on the category thing (or epistemic thing) without historizing the technicality, mediality and materiality of its emerging as a living object | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17970466 |
Biofact (philosophy) For the sociology of science the biofact concept is fruitful to discuss the exclusiveness of scientific knowledge (the role of the expert) while making scientific objects which are released into the lifeworld or public sphere. Particularly because the biofact concept deals with the phenomenon of growth and the establishing of a self, it is also influential in the philosophical disciplines phenomenology, anthropology and ontology. It was Jürgen Habermas who recently stressed the anthropological consequences if mankind gives up the differentiation of "coming into being" and "making". Artifacts are artificial, i.e. man-made objects. Contrary to biofacts, they cannot be found in nature. Therefore, biofacts demarcate an ontological intersection. They are partially man-made, but growing. Like artifacts, they have been made for a certain utility. Biofacts can be seen as biotic artifacts which show their character as hybrids in multifold perspectives. The term is also enabling philosophers to criticize some concepts in technoscience, where the union of scientific knowledge about nature and the technical creation of technonature is seen as progress in the political sense. The term has also been adopted in the new BioArt, not rarely without using its critical impacts. As Karafyllis complemented the growth and reproduction of organisms with technical entities, she established a typology of different kinds of organisms according to their uses and these are: → See the German Wikipedia entry for further literature in German. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17970466 |
Biofact (biology) In biology, a biofact is dead material of a once-living organism. In 1943, the protozoologist Bruno M. Klein of Vienna (1891–1968) coined the term in his article "Biofakt und Artefakt" in the microscopy journal "Mikrokosmos", though at that time it was not adopted by the scientific community. Klein's concept of biofact stressed the dead materials produced by living organisms as sheaths, such as shells. The word "biofact" is now widely used in the zoo/aquarium world, but was first used by Lisbeth Bornhofft in 1993 in the Education Department at the New England Aquarium, Boston, to refer to preserved items such as animal bones, skins, molts and eggs. The Accreditation Standards and Related Policies of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums states that biofacts can be useful education tools, and are preferable to live animals because of potential ethical considerations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17970483 |
Jorge Sabato Jorge Alberto Sábato (June 4, 1924 – November 16, 1983) was an Argentine physicist and technologist. In 1955 he created the Metallurgy department at CNEA, and was its director up to 1968 when he became Technology manager of the CNEA. While with the CNEA he promulgated the Sábato triangle model, dealing with interrelationships between science, government and industry in promoting scientific and technological development. In 1976 he was one of the creators of INVAP SE, he was the spiritual godfather, introducing the concept of "Technology Company". In 1993 the Instituto Sábato was created as a result of all his effort towards the development of materials science in Argentina. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17982023 |
Theodor Johannes Krüper Theobald Johannes Krüper, sometimes known as Theodor (1829–1921) was a German ornithologist and entomologist who worked mainly in the Balkans. He was a student at the University of Berlin and a friend of Otto Staudinger . He was later the curator of the zoological collection of the natural history museum in Athens. He collected insects from Turkey, Greece and Bulgaria for the collections in Athens. He also sold collections to the dealerships "Otto Staudinger - Andreas Bang-Haas" and Wilhelm Schlüter from which they were sold on to several institutions including Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin and the now Slovak National Museum in Bratislava. Krüper's nuthatch ("Sitta krueperi") was named for him by August von Pelzeln. The millipede genus "Krueperia" Verhoeff, 1900 was named for him by Karl Wilhelm Verhoeff | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17986845 |
Carl Grabow Carl Wilhelm Louis (Ludwig) Grabow (1790 – 19 January 1859) was a German entomologist especially interested in Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. Grabow was born in Prenzlau. He was an insect dealer in Dresden and a friend and associate of the younger Otto Staudinger. He collected insects in Germany, Spain and Portugal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17989129 |
Ferdinand Le Cerf (October 3, 1881, Paris – 1945, Paris) was a French entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He was a "Préparateur" or technician in the entomological laboratories of Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. The museum holds his collections. He wrote three volumes on Lepidoptera in the "Encyclopedie Entomologique" (Lechevalier Paris 1926, 1927 and 1929) and many scientific papers in the Bulletin of the Société entomologique de France of which he was a Member. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18018155 |
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization The Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organisation (TGO) (th: องค์การบริหารจัดการก๊าซเรือนกระจก (องค์การมหาชน); RTGS: "ong kan borihan chat kan kas ruean krachok (ong kan maha chon" ); or th: อบก.; RTGS: "o-bo-ko" ) is an autonomous governmental organization under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE) established by the royal decree, "Establishment of Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organisation (Public Organisation) BE 2550 (2007)". It is responsible for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Thailand. The royal decree was effective as of 7 July 2007. the executive director of the is Prasertsuk Patoonsittichai. TGO's budget for FY2019 is 158.1 million baht. Thailand signed the Paris Agreement on climate change on 22 April 2016. It submitted an "Intended Nationally Determined Contribution" (INDC) target for greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions between 7–20% of the "business as usual" (BAU) scenario by 2020. By 2030 Thailand has pledged to reduce GHG emissions by 20–25% from the BAU baseline. Section 7 of the decree establishing TGO prescribed TGO's objectives: According to the "Bangkok Post", in 2006, the year before TGO was established, Thailand emitted 232 million tonnes (Mt) of carbon dioxide (CO), 44 million tonnes of that number from burning coal. By 2016, Thailand's CO emissions had risen to 342 million tonnes, 65 million tonnes of it from coal burning. The International Energy Agency's (IEA) numbers differ: it reports total emissions figures of 202 Mt in 2006 and 245 Mt in 2016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18020934 |
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization , Thailand's greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase. A slight reduction in the annual GHG growth rate of 3.3% in 2014 is attributed to greenhouse gas reduction measures and sequestration by forests. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18020934 |
Ortho acid Ortho acids are hypothetical organic compounds having the structure RC(OH) (R=alkyl or aryl). Ortho acids themselves are unstable and cannot be isolated. However orthoesters can be synthesized by the Pinner reaction, in which nitriles react with alcohols under acid catalysis: Historically the prefixes “hypo-”, “per-”, “ortho-”, “meta-”, and “pyro-” were used to distinguish between different oxyacids of the same element, of these ortho acid is the most highly oxidised or hydroxylated. For example dehydration of orthoperiodic acid gives metaperiodic acid. Such naming conventions are now obsolete, however various traditional names containing these prefixes have been retained in IUPAC nomenclature (e.g. orthosilicic acid (Si(OH)), orthotelluric acid (Te(OH)) and orthophosphoric acid (PO(OH)). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18022001 |
Alexander Salomonovich Alexander Yefimovich Salomonovich (; 1916–1989) was a Soviet radio astronomer. He graduated from the Physical Faculty of Moscow State University in 1939. During 1953-1959, he was chief scientist responsible for creation of the Lebedev "RT-22" 22 meter precision radio telescope and until 1964 he was the chief scientist for operations with this instrument. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18047542 |
Orthodox seed Orthodox seeds are seeds which will survive drying and/or freezing during ex-situ conservation, as opposed recalcitrant seeds, which will not. According to information from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, there is variation in the ability of orthodox seeds to withstand drying and storage, with some seeds being more sensitive than others. Thus some seeds are considered intermediate in their storage capability while others are fully orthodox. One notable example of a long-lived orthodox seed which survived accidental storage followed by controlled germination is the case of the 2,000-year-old Judean date palm (cultivar of "Phoenix dactylifera") seed which successfully sprouted in 2005. This particular seed is reputed to be the oldest viable seed, but the upper survival time limit of properly stored seeds remains unknown. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18061659 |
Ultramicrobacteria are bacteria that are smaller than 0.1 μm under all growth conditions. This term was coined in 1981, describing cocci in seawater that were less than 0.3 μm in diameter. have also been recovered from soil and appear to be a mixture of Gram-positive, Gram-negative and cell-wall-lacking species. possess a relatively high surface-area-to-volume ratio due to their small size, which aids in growth under oligotrophic (i.e. nutrient-poor) conditions. The relatively small size of ultramicrobacteria also enables parasitism of larger organisms; some ultramicrobacteria have been observed to be obligate or facultative parasites of various eukaryotes and prokaryotes. One factor allowing ultramicrobacteria to achieve their small size seems to be genome minimization such as in the case of the ultramicrobacterium "P. ubique" whose small 1.3 Mb genome is seemingly devoid of extraneous genetic elements like nonworking genes, transposons, extrachromosomal elements etc. However, genomic data from ultramicrobacteria is lacking since the study of ultramicrobacteria, like many other prokaryotes, is hindered by difficulties in cultivating them. are commonly confused with ultramicrocells, the latter of which are the dormant, stress-resistant forms of larger cells that form under starvation conditions (ie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18083680 |
Ultramicrobacteria these larger cells downregulate their metabolism, stop growing and stabilize their DNA to create ultramicrocells that remain viable for years) whereas the small size of ultramicrobacteria is not a starvation response and is consistent even under nutrient-rich conditions. The term "nanobacteria" is sometimes used synonymously with ultramicrobacteria in the scientific literature, but ultramicrobacteria are distinct from the purported nanobacteria or "calcifying nanoparticles", which were proposed to be living organisms that were 0.1 μm in diameter. These structures are now thought to be non-living, and likely precipitated particles of inorganic material. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18083680 |
Dallas Abbott is a research scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University and is part of the Holocene Impact Working Group. The primary focus of her present research is on submarine impact craters and their contribution to climate change and megatsunamis. She also has presented research regarding a large impact crater in the Gulf of Maine. Abbott received her B.S. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Earth and Planetary Sciences) in 1974; her M.S. from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University (Marine Geology) in 1978; and her Ph.D. from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (Marine Geology with a Geophysics minor) in 1982. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18084242 |
April shower In parts of the Northern Hemisphere, an is rain during the month of April. One of the major causes of the often heavy downpours is the position of the jet stream. In early spring, the jet stream starts to move northwards, allowing large depressions to bring strong winds and rain in from the Atlantic. In one day the weather can change from springtime sunshine to winter sleet and snow. The track of these depressions can often be across Ireland and Scotland bringing bands of rain followed by heavy showers (often of hail or snow) and strong blustery winds. The proverb "March winds and April showers bring forth May flowers", first recorded in 1886, and the shorter, trochaic version "April showers bring May flowers" (originally "Sweet April showers/Do spring May flowers", part of a poem recorded in 1610) are common expressions in English speaking countries. The phrase is referenced in the General Prologue of "The Canterbury Tales": "Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18086935 |
Canadian Penning Trap Mass Spectrometer The (CPT) is one of the major pieces of experimental equipment that is installed on the ATLAS superconducting heavy-ion linac facility at the Physics Division of the Argonne National Laboratory. It was developed and operated by physicist Guy Savard and a collaboration of other scientists at Argonne, the University of Manitoba, McGill University, Texas A&M University and the State University of New York. The CPT was originally built for the Tandem Accelerator Superconducting Cyclotron (TASCC) facility at Chalk River Laboratories in Chalk River, Ontario, Canada. However, it was transferred to Argonne National Laboratory when the TASCC accelerator was decommissioned in 1998 due to funding issues. The CPT spectrometer is designed to provide high-precision mass measurements of short-lived isotopes using radio-frequency (RF) fields. Accurate mass measurements of particular isotopes such as selenium-68 are important in the understanding of the detailed reaction mechanisms involved in the rapid-proton capture process, which occurs in astrophysical events like supernovae explosions and X-ray bursts. An X-ray burst is one possible site for the rp-process mechanism which involves the accretion of hydrogen and helium from one star onto the surface of its neutron star binary companion. Mass measurements are required as key inputs to network calculations used to describe this process in terms of the abundances of the nuclides produced, the light-curve profile of the X-ray bursts, and the energy produced | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18097410 |
Canadian Penning Trap Mass Spectrometer In the current configuration, more than 100 radioactive isotopes have been measured with half-lives much less than a second and with a precision (Δm/m) approaching 10. Recently, a novel injection system, the RF gas cooler, has been installed on the CPT to allow fast reaction products to be decelerated, thermalized and bunched for rapid and efficient injection. This enhances the investigative capabilities of the CPT on isotopes around the N=Z line with particular emphasis on isotopes of interest to low-energy tests of the electroweak interaction and the rp-process. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18097410 |
High throughput biology High throughput cell biology is the use of automation equipment with classical cell biology techniques to address biological questions that are otherwise unattainable using conventional methods. It may incorporate techniques from optics, chemistry, biology or image analysis to permit rapid, highly parallel research into how cells function, interact with each other and how pathogens exploit them in disease. High throughput cell biology has many definitions, but is most commonly defined by the search for active compounds in natural materials like in medicinal plants. This is also known as high throughput screening (HTS) and is how most drug discoveries are made today, many cancer drugs, antibiotics, or viral antagonists have been discovered using HTS. The process of HTS also tests substances for potentially harmful chemicals that could be potential human health risks. HTS generally involves hundreds of samples of cells with the model disease and hundreds of different compounds being tested from a specific source. Most often a computer is used to determine when a compound of interest has a desired or interesting effect on the cell samples. Using this method has contributed to the discovery of the drug Sorafenib (Nexavar). Sorafenib is used as medication to treat multiple types of cancers, including rebel cell carcinoma (RCC, cancer in the kidneys), hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), and thyroid cancer. It helps stop cancer cells from reproducing by blocking the abnormal proteins present | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18101603 |
High throughput biology In 1994, high throughput screening for this particular drug was completed. It was initially discovered by Bayer Pharmaceuticals in 2001. By using a RAF kinase biochemical assay, 200,000 compounds were screened from medicinal chemistry directed synthesis or combinatorial libraries to identify active molecules against activeRAF kinase. Following three trials of testing, it was found to have anti-angiogenic effects on the cancers, which stops the process of creating new blood vessels in the body. Another discovery made using HTS is Maraviroc. It is an HIV entry inhibitor, and slows the process and prevents HIV from being able to enter human cells. It is used to treat a variety of cancers as well, reducing or blocking the metastasis of cancer cells, which is when cancer cells spread to a completely different part of the body from where it started. High throughput screening for Maraviroc was completed in 1997, and finalized in 2005 by Pfizer global research and development team. High-throughput biology serves as one facet of what has also been called "omics research" - the interface between large scale biology (genome, proteome, transcriptome), technology and researchers. High throughput cell biology has a definite focus on the cell, and methods accessing the cell such as imaging, gene expression microarrays, or genome wide screening | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18101603 |
High throughput biology The basic idea is to take methods normally performed on their own and do a very large number of them without impacting their quality High throughput research can be defined as the automation of experiments such that large scale repetition becomes feasible. This is important because many of the questions faced by life science researchers now involve large numbers. For example, the Human Genome contains at least 21,000 genes, all of which can potentially contribute to cell function, or disease. To be able to capture an idea of how these genes interact with one another, which genes are involved in and where they are, methods that encompass from the cell to the genome are of interest. Classical High throughput screening robotics are now being tied closer to cell biology, principally using technologies such as High-content screening. High throughput cell biology dictates methods that can take routine cell biology from low scale research to the speed and scale necessary to investigate complex systems, achieve high sample size, or efficiently screen through a collection. High-content screening technology is mainly based on automated digital microscopy and flow cytometry, in combination with IT-systems for the analysis and storage of the data. "High-content" or visual biology technology has two purposes, first to acquire spatially or temporally resolved information on an event and second to automatically quantify it | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18101603 |
High throughput biology Spatially resolved instruments are typically automated microscopes, and temporal resolution still requires some form of fluorescence measurement in most cases.This means that a lot of HCS instruments are (fluorescence) microscopes that are connected to some form of image analysis package. These take care of all the steps in taking fluorescent images of cells and provide rapid, automated and unbiased assessment of experiments. The technology can be defined as being at the same development point as the first automated DNA sequencers in the early 1990s. Automated DNA sequencing was a disruptive technology when it became practical and -even if early devices had shortcomings- it enabled genome scale sequencing projects and created the field of bioinformatics. The impact of a similarly disruptive and powerful technology on molecular cell biology and translational research is hard to predict but what is clear is that it will cause a profound change in the way cell biologists research and medicines are discovered. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18101603 |
Masamitsu Ōshima Masamitsu Ōshima | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18105269 |
Eric Poisson (born July 26, 1965) is a Canadian award-winning physicist specializing in the study of black holes. Poisson is a professor at the University of Guelph as well as an affiliate member of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. He was born in Montreal, Quebec, and grew up in Rimouski and Quebec City. He obtained his bachelor of science degree from Laval University in Quebec City, and his Ph.D. at the University of Alberta, in Edmonton. He received his doctorate in 1991 under the supervision of Werner Israel. Poisson's doctoral dissertation was on the concept of mass inflation (not to be confused with cosmological inflation), which he pioneered with Israel. Prior to the understanding of mass inflation, it was believed that wormholes into other universes would be found inside some black holes. Mass inflation closes off these wormholes in realistic black holes. After completing his doctorate, Poisson spent three years as a postdoctoral fellow in Kip Thorne's research group at the California Institute of Technology, in Pasadena. During this period, he became interested in the gravitational-wave signatures that black hole systems might produce. Such signatures are crucial for the operation of gravitational-wave detectors such as LIGO. This work continued for a subsequent year spent with Clifford Will at Washington University in St. Louis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18116967 |
Eric Poisson His research now focuses on gravitational self-force, which is the force on a body moving through a gravitational field arising from the mass and energy of the body itself. This self-force is expected to play a crucial role in understanding the motion of a stellar mass black hole orbiting and eventually spiraling into a supermassive black hole such as those that reside at the centers of galaxies. These astronomical systems will be of special interest to space-based gravitational wave detectors such as Laser Interferometer Space Antennae when they are built, because they will allow precision measurements of the gravitational field of a black hole for the first time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18116967 |
Xiaobo Yu Dr. is a Chinese palaeontologist and professor on biological sciences. Yu is credited with first describing the lobe-finned fish "Psarolepis" romeri, a transitional species between fish and amphibians. Yu is currently a professor at Kean University in Union, New Jersey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18118796 |
NGC 7317 is an elliptical galaxy that is a member of the Stephan's Quintet in the constellation Pegasus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18128363 |
LcrV In molecular biology, is a protein found in "Yersinia pestis" and several other bacterial species. It forms part of the "Yersinia pestis" virulence protein factors that also includes all Yops, or "Yersinia" outer protein, but the name has been kept out of convention. LcrV's main function is not actually known, but it is essential for the production of other Yops. The type III secretion system of Gram-negative bacteria is used to transport virulence factors from the pathogen directly into the host cell and is only triggered when the bacterium comes into close contact with the host. Effector proteins secreted by the type III system do not possess a secretion signal, and are considered unique because of this. "Yersinia" spp. secrete effector proteins called YopB and YopD that facilitate the spread of other translocated proteins through the type III needle and the host cell cytoplasm. In turn, the transcription of these moieties is thought to be regulated by another gene, lcrV, found on the Yops virulon that encodes the entire type III system. The product of this gene, protein, also regulates the secretion of YopD through the type III translocon, and itself acts as a protective "V" antigen for "Yersinia pestis", the causative agent of plague. A homologue of the "Y. pestis" protein, PcrV, has been found in "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", an opportunistic pathogen. "In vivo" studies using mice found that immunisation with the protein protected burned animals from infection by "P. aeruginosa", and enhanced survival | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18136205 |
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